Design method for protective components and protective components

Abstract

To improve the protective function against flying objects in the design method and protective components of protective members. [Solution] A method for designing a protective member provided in an opening of a building and having a ventilation section, comprising the steps of: calculating the pressure loss of the ventilation section in the protective member; calculating the strength of the protective member; and setting the opening ratio of the ventilation section such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to a preset allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to a preset specified strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for designing a protective member and a protective member.

Background Art

[0002] A building as a structure is generally provided with openings used as inlets for various devices, entrances for workers, ventilation openings, etc. However, there is a risk that flying objects may enter through the openings of the building. Flying objects are, for example, those flying due to gusts of wind or tornadoes. When flying objects enter the interior of the building through such openings, it may cause damage to various devices arranged inside the building and injury to workers. As a technique for preventing the entry of flying objects into the interior of the building, for example, there is one described in Patent Document 1.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Conventional techniques for preventing the entry of flying objects involve attaching a net to the opening. As flying objects, for example, long steel rod-shaped objects are conceivable, and it is desired to propose an optimal protective technique against such flying objects.

[0005] The present disclosure solves the above-described problems and aims to provide a method for designing a protective member and a protective member that improve the protective function against flying objects.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] A method for designing a protective member according to the present disclosure to achieve the above objectives, in which a protective member is provided in an opening of a building and has a ventilation portion, the method comprises the steps of: calculating the pressure loss of the ventilation portion in the protective member; calculating the strength of the protective member; and setting the opening ratio of the ventilation portion such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to a preset allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to a preset specified strength.

[0007] Furthermore, the protective member of this disclosure is provided in an opening of a building and has a ventilation portion, wherein the opening ratio of the ventilation portion is set such that the pressure loss of the ventilation portion is less than or equal to a predetermined allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to a predetermined specified strength. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The design method and protective member of this disclosure can improve the protective function against flying objects. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the mounting state of the protective member in this embodiment. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a front view showing the protective member of this embodiment. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the mounting state of the protective member. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a front view showing a first modified example of the protective member of this embodiment. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the mounting state of the protective member. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a front view showing a second modified example of the protective member of this embodiment. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the mounting state of the protective member. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating the design method for the protective member of this embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present disclosure, and where there are multiple embodiments, they may be combinations of these embodiments. Furthermore, the components in the embodiments include those readily conceivable by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially identical, and those that are equivalent.

[0011] <Structure> Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the mounting state of the protective member in this embodiment.

[0012] The building 10, as a structure, has openings 12 in its vertical walls 11. These openings 12 are, for example, entrances for equipment, entrances for workers, and ventilation openings. The openings 12 in the vertical walls 11 are vulnerable to flying debris 100 entering from the outside. These flying debris may include, for example, steel beams carried by strong winds or tornadoes. If flying debris 100 enters the building 10 through the openings 12, it can cause damage to equipment located inside the building 10 and injury to workers. Therefore, it is necessary to close the openings 12 in the vertical walls 11 with protective members 20.

[0013] Although building 10 is a nuclear facility, it is not limited to being a nuclear facility. Also, the opening 12 is not limited to being located in the vertical wall portion 11 of building 10. The opening 12 may be located in the upper wall portion of building 10. Furthermore, the opening 12 may be located at the end of a cylindrical portion or pipe that protrudes to the outside from the outer wall portion of building 10.

[0014] The protective member 20 needs to have sufficient strength to prevent flying objects 100 from entering the interior of the building 10 through the opening 12. On the other hand, the protective member 20 must not impede the original function of the opening 12 during normal use. That is, if the opening 12 is a ventilation opening, the protective member 20 must not completely block the opening 12, but must ensure that there is an opening for ventilation.

[0015] The protective member 20 closes the opening 12 from the outside of the vertical wall portion 11 of the building 10. The protective member 20 has a predetermined thickness. The protective member 20 is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes (ventilation portions) 21. Therefore, since the protective member 20 has the plurality of ventilation holes 21, it functions as a ventilation opening. Further, the flying object 100 that flies in collides with the protective member 20 that closes the opening 12 of the building 10. Since the protective member 20 has sufficient strength, it prevents the flying object 100 from entering the inside of the building 10 without being damaged.

[0016] <Protective member> Hereinafter, the configuration of the protective member will be specifically described. FIG. 2 is a front view showing the protective member of the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the mounting state of the protective member.

[0017] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the protective member 30 closes the opening 12 from the outside of the vertical wall portion 11 of the building 10. That is, the protective member 30 is disposed outside the opening 12, and the outer peripheral portion is fixed to the outer surface portion of the vertical wall portion 11. The protective member 30 preferably has a rectangular shape larger than the opening area of the opening 12 and is a steel plate having a predetermined thickness. The protective member 30 is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes (ventilation portions) 31. The plurality of ventilation holes 31 are circular holes, but the shape is not limited to a circle. The plurality of ventilation holes 31 are arranged in a lattice pattern. However, the plurality of ventilation holes 31 are not limited to a lattice pattern and may be arranged in a staggered pattern. Further, the plurality of ventilation holes 31 may be provided in a part of the region (for example, the central portion or the outer peripheral portion) of the protective member 30.

[0018] The outer peripheral portion of the protective member 30 contacts and is fixed to the outer surface portion outside the opening 12 in the vertical wall portion 11.

[0019] Since the protective member 30 has the plurality of ventilation holes 31, it can function as a ventilation opening. Further, the protective member 30 closes the opening 12 from the outside of the building 10. Therefore, when the flying object 100 flies and collides with the protective member 30, the protective member 20 can prevent the flying object 100 from entering the inside of the building 10 without being damaged.

[0020] <First modified example of protective component> Figure 4 is a front view showing a first modified example of the protective member of this embodiment, and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the mounting state of the protective member.

[0021] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the protective member 40 has a labyrinth structure. The protective member 40 has a plurality of protective plates 41 (five in this embodiment). However, the number of protective plates 41 is not limited. The protective plates 41 are preferably rectangular in shape, smaller than the opening area of ​​the opening 12, and made of steel plate with a predetermined thickness. The protective plates 41 have a vertical dimension smaller than the vertical dimension of the opening 12 and a horizontal dimension the same as the horizontal dimension of the opening 12. The plurality of protective plates 41 close the opening 12 in the vertical wall portion 11 of the building 10. That is, the plurality of protective plates 41 are arranged inside the opening 12.

[0022] In other words, some (three in this embodiment) protective plates 41 are fixed to the upper part of the opening 12, and some (two in this embodiment) protective plates 41 are fixed to the lower part of the opening 12. That is, the multiple protective plates 41 are fixed alternately to the upper and lower parts of the opening 12 in the direction of penetration. At this time, the multiple protective plates 41 are arranged with gaps between them in the direction of penetration of the opening 12, and some are arranged to overlap in the direction of penetration of the opening 12. As a result, the protective members 40 (multiple protective plates 41) arranged in the opening 12 ensure a ventilation opening (ventilation section) 42 that allows air to pass between the outside and inside of the building 10. Note that the multiple protective plates 41 may also be fixed alternately to the left and right parts of the opening 12 in the direction of penetration.

[0023] The protective member 40 has multiple protective plates 41 fixed alternately at intervals above and below the opening 12 in the vertical wall portion 11, and thus has a ventilation opening 42, which allows it to function as a ventilation opening. In addition, the protective member 40 closes the opening 12 with the multiple protective plates 41. Therefore, when a flying object 100 flies towards and collides with the protective member 40, the protective member 40 can prevent the flying object 100 from entering the interior of the building 10 without being damaged.

[0024] <Second modified example of protective component> Figure 6 is a front view showing a second modified example of the protective member of this embodiment, and Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the mounting state of the protective member.

[0025] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the protective member 50 has a louver structure. The protective member 50 has a frame member 51 and a plurality of louvers 52 (four in this embodiment). However, the number of louvers 52 is not limited. The frame member 51 has a rectangular frame shape and is fixed to the outer periphery of the opening 12 on the outside of the vertical wall portion 11. The frame member 51 has an L-shaped cross-section and is arranged to straddle the outer surface of the vertical wall portion 11 and the inner surface of the opening 12. The louvers 52 have an L-shaped cross-section and are preferably made of steel plates with a predetermined thickness. The horizontal dimension of the louvers 52 is the same as the horizontal opening dimension of the frame member 51. The plurality of louvers 52 close the opening of the frame member 51, that is, the opening 12 of the vertical wall portion 11 of the building 10. That is, the plurality of louvers 52 are arranged inside the opening 12 and their longitudinal ends are fixed to the frame member 51.

[0026] In other words, the multiple louvers 52 are located inside the opening 12, that is, the opening of the frame member 51. At this time, the multiple louvers 52 are arranged with spacing in the vertical direction. Note that some of the multiple louvers 52 may be arranged so as to overlap in the direction of penetration of the opening 12. Also, the frame member 51 may have a projection so as to overlap with the louvers 52 and the opening 12 in the direction of penetration. As a result, the protective member 50 (multiple louvers 52) arranged in the opening 12 ensures a ventilation opening (ventilation section) 53 that passes between the outside and inside of the building 10. Note that although the louvers 52 have an L-shaped cross-section, their shape is not limited. For example, the louvers 52 may have an I-shaped cross-section, a semicircular cross-section, a U-shaped cross-section, etc.

[0027] The protective member 50 has multiple louvers 52 arranged at intervals inside the opening 12 in the vertical wall 11, forming a ventilation opening 53, which allows it to function as a ventilation opening. The protective member 50 also closes the opening 12 with the multiple louvers 52. Therefore, when a flying object 100 flies towards and collides with the protective member 50, the protective member 50 can prevent the flying object 100 from entering the interior of the building 10 without being damaged.

[0028] <Design method for protective components> Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating the design method for the protective member of this embodiment.

[0029] As shown in Figure 1, the protective members 20 (30, 40, 50) need to have a certain strength to prevent flying objects 100 from entering through the opening 12. Also, if the opening 12 is a ventilation opening, the protective members 20 need to ensure a ventilation opening of a certain size. The design method for the protective members in this embodiment is a method for designing protective members 20 that ensure a certain strength and a ventilation opening of a certain size.

[0030] Here, the objects assumed to be projectiles include rod-shaped objects such as a steel pipe (length 2m x diameter 5cm, mass 8.4kg, maximum horizontal speed 49m / s, maximum vertical speed 33m / s) and a steel material (length 4.2m x width 30cm x depth 20cm, mass 135kg, maximum horizontal speed 51m / s, maximum vertical speed 34m / s). The protective member must have a ventilation opening large enough to prevent such projectiles from passing through. In addition, the protective member must have sufficient strength to withstand impact from such projectiles.

[0031] As shown in Figure 8, in step S11, the basic structure of the protective member is set. The basic structure of the protective member includes a perforated plate structure (protective member 30 in Figures 2 and 3), a labyrinth structure (protective member 40 in Figures 4 and 5), a louver structure (protective member 50 in Figures 6 and 7), etc., and is selected from among several basic structures depending on the application location. In this case, considering costs, etc., the order in which the basic structures are selected may be set in advance, for example, perforated plate structure, labyrinth structure, louver structure, and others. Here, for example, we will assume that the perforated plate structure is selected and set.

[0032] In step S12, the material and dimensions are set. The material is basically steel plate, and the type of steel plate is set. If necessary, materials other than steel plate may be set. The dimensions include the thickness of the protective member, and if it is a perforated plate, the shape of the vents, the inner diameter of the vents, the spacing between vents, and the arrangement of the vents. In this case as well, basic dimensions for the perforated plate structure may be set in advance, and the user may select these basic dimensions.

[0033] In step S13, the air conditioning conditions for the openings (ventilation holes) in the protective member are set. The air conditioning conditions for the openings (ventilation holes) in the protective member are calculated by determining the opening ratio according to the dimensions set in step S12. Here, the opening ratio is the total area of ​​the multiple ventilation holes in the protective member relative to the opening area of ​​the opening 12 in the vertical wall section 11.

[0034] In step S14, the pressure loss calculation for the protective member is performed using the opening ratio calculated in step S13. The pressure loss calculation calculates the pressure loss in the protective member having a vent provided in the opening 12. The pressure loss of the protective member is calculated based on the opening ratio of the protective member, the opening area of ​​the opening 12 in the building 10, and the design airflow rate.

[0035] In step S15, it is determined whether the pressure loss of the protective member, as determined in step S14, is less than or equal to a preset allowable pressure loss. The allowable pressure loss is the upper limit of the pressure loss allocated to the opening 12, out of the upper limit of the pressure loss allowed for the entire system for the functioning of fans such as blowers and exhaust fans installed in the ventilation system including the opening 12.

[0036] If it is determined here that the pressure loss of the protective member is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss (Yes), the process proceeds to step S16. On the other hand, if it is determined that the pressure loss of the protective member is greater than the allowable pressure loss (No), the process returns to step S12, and the material and dimensions of the protective member are changed to reduce the pressure loss. For example, the inner diameter of the vents is increased. Then, the process from step S13 to step S15 is executed again. If, even after increasing the inner diameter of the vents, the pressure loss of the protective member does not fall below the allowable pressure loss, the process returns to step S12, and the process from step S13 to step S15 is executed again, with the number of vents increased, or the shape of the vents, the spacing between vents, the arrangement of the vents, etc., being changed.

[0037] Furthermore, if the pressure loss of the protective member does not fall below the allowable pressure loss even after changing the material and dimensions in step S12, the process returns to step S11 and the basic structure of the protective member is changed. Then, the process from step S12 to step S15 is executed again.

[0038] In step S15, if it is determined (Yes) that the pressure loss of the protective member is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss, then in step S16, the strength calculation of the protective member is performed using the material and dimensions set in step S12. Strength evaluation involves calculating the impact load (reaction force distribution, strain distribution, etc.) on the protective member having a ventilation opening provided in the opening 12. The impact load of the protective member is calculated based on the material strength, dimensions, and geometry using a formula or numerical analysis.

[0039] In step S17, it is determined whether the impact load on the protective member, as determined in step S16, is equal to or greater than the specified strength by comparing it with a predetermined allowable load capacity. The allowable load capacity is the upper limit of the load on the structure, calculated from the shape of the structure and the yield strength and tensile strength of the material. If the impact load is less than the allowable load capacity, it is determined to be equal to or greater than the specified strength.

[0040] If it is determined that the strength of the protective member is equal to or greater than the specified strength (Yes), the process ends. If it is determined that the strength of the protective member is less than the specified strength (No), the process returns to step S12, similar to the process in step S15 described above, and either changes the material or dimensions to increase the strength of the protective member, or returns to step S11 and changes the basic structure of the protective member.

[0041] [Effects of this embodiment] A design method for protective members according to the first embodiment is a design method for protective members provided in an opening 12 of a building 10 and having ventilation openings (ventilation parts) 21, 31, 42, 53, comprising the steps of: calculating the pressure loss of the ventilation openings 21, 31, 42, 53 in protective members 20, 30, 40, 50; calculating the strength of protective members 20, 30, 40, 50; and setting the opening ratio of the ventilation openings 21, 31, 42, 53 such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to a preset allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to a preset specified strength.

[0042] According to the design method for protective members in the first embodiment, the vents 21, 31, 42, and 53 can be made to function appropriately as ventilation openings, and the protective members 20, 30, 40, and 50 can prevent flying objects 100 from entering the interior of the building 10. As a result, the protective function against flying objects 100 can be improved.

[0043] The design method for the protective member according to the second embodiment is the design method for the protective member according to the first embodiment, further comprising setting the shapes of the vents 21, 31, 42, and 53 such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to the specified strength. In this way, by setting the shapes of the vents 21, 31, 42, and 53, the pressure loss and strength can be adjusted to an appropriate range.

[0044] The design method for a protective member according to the third embodiment is the design method for a protective member according to the first or second embodiment, further comprising setting the dimensions of the vents 21, 31, 42, and 53 such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to the specified strength. By setting the dimensions of the vents 21, 31, 42, and 53, the pressure loss and strength can be adjusted to an appropriate range.

[0045] The design method for protective members according to the fourth embodiment is a design method for protective members according to any one of the first to third embodiments, further comprising setting the materials of protective members 20, 30, 40, and 50 such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to the specified strength. In this way, by setting the materials of protective members 20, 30, 40, and 50, the pressure loss and strength can be adjusted to an appropriate range.

[0046] The design method for protective members according to the fifth embodiment is a design method for protective members according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments, further comprising setting the basic structure of protective members 20, 30, 40, and 50 such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to the specified strength. By setting the basic structure of protective members 20, 30, 40, and 50, the pressure loss and strength can be adjusted to an appropriate range.

[0047] The design method for protective members according to the sixth embodiment is a design method for protective members according to any one of the first to fifth embodiments, further comprising changing at least one of the shape and dimensions of the vents 21, 31, 42, 53 or the material of the protective members 20, 30, 40, 50 when the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is not greater than or equal to the specified strength. By doing so, the pressure loss and strength can be adjusted to an appropriate range by changing at least one of the shape and dimensions of the vents 21, 31, 42, 53 or the material of the protective members 20, 30, 40, 50.

[0048] The protective member according to the seventh embodiment is a protective member provided in the opening 12 of the building 10 and having vents (ventilation parts) 21, 31, 42, 53, wherein the opening ratio of the vents (ventilation parts) 21, 31, 42, 53 is set such that the pressure loss of the vents (ventilation parts) 21, 31, 42, 53 is less than or equal to a preset allowable pressure loss, and the strength is greater than or equal to a preset specified strength.

[0049] According to the protective member of the seventh embodiment, the vents 21, 31, 42, and 53 can be made to function properly as ventilation openings, and the protective members 20, 30, 40, and 50 can prevent flying objects 100 from entering the interior of the building 10. As a result, the protective function against flying objects 100 can be improved. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0050] 10 buildings 11 Vertical wall section 12 Openings 20, 30, 40, 50 Protective components 21, 31, 42, 53 Ventilation openings (ventilation parts) 41 Protective plate 51 Frame members 52 Louvers

Claims

1. In a design method for a protective member installed in an opening of a building and having a ventilation section, A step of calculating the pressure loss of the ventilation portion in the protective member, A step of calculating the strength of the protective member, The steps include setting the opening ratio of the ventilation section such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to a preset allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to a preset specified strength, A method for designing a protective member having [a certain feature].

2. The shape of the ventilation section is set such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to the specified strength. A method for designing a protective member according to claim 1.

3. The dimensions of the ventilation section are set such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to the specified strength. A method for designing a protective member according to claim 1 or claim 2.

4. The material of the protective member is set such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to the specified strength. A method for designing a protective member according to claim 1.

5. The basic structure of the protective member is set such that the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is greater than or equal to the specified strength. A method for designing a protective member according to claim 3.

6. When the pressure loss is less than or equal to the allowable pressure loss and the strength is not equal to or equal to the specified strength, change at least one of the shape, dimensions, or material of the protective member of the ventilation section. A method for designing a protective member according to claim 1.

7. In a protective member provided at an opening in a building and having a ventilation section, The opening ratio of the ventilation section is set such that the pressure loss of the ventilation section is less than or equal to a preset allowable pressure loss, and the strength is greater than or equal to a preset specified strength. Protective material.

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