Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

To achieve optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization. [Solution] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives at least one of first information relating to the arrival angle of a signal at the terminal and second information relating to the radiation angle of a signal at the terminal, and a control unit that determines at least one of the transmission setting instruction (TCI) state of the downlink signal based on the first information and the TCI state of the uplink signal based on the second information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

Background Art

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for the purpose of further high-speed data rates, low latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, for the purpose of further large capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9), LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified.

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+(plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also under consideration.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0004]

Non-Patent Document 1

[0005] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered. For example, in future wireless communication technologies, the location of the user terminal (User Equipment (UE)) is being considered to determine the transmit and receive beams at the UE.

[0006] However, the specific details of such beam determination have not yet been thoroughly considered. If these are not properly defined, it may not be possible to achieve appropriate overhead reduction, high-precision channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can achieve suitable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives at least one of first information relating to the arrival angle of a signal at the terminal and second information relating to the radiation angle of a signal at the terminal, and a control unit that determines at least one of the transmission setting instruction (TCI) state of a downlink signal based on the first information and the TCI state of an uplink signal based on the second information. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, suitable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization can be achieved. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows an example of how to indicate the beam (TCI state) for PDSCH / PDCCH in Rel.15 / 16. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows an example of how to set the parameters that indicate AoA / AoD related to option 1-1-1-1. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows an example of the application of AoA related to option 1-1-3. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows an example of a directional grid that displays information regarding AoA / AoD related to option 1-2. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] (TCI, spatial relations, QCL) In NR, it is being considered to control the receive processing (e.g., at least one of receive, demapping, demodulation, and decoding) and transmit processing (e.g., transmit, mapping, precoding, modulation, and encoding) of at least one of the signal and channel (referred to as signal / channel) at the UE based on the Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state).

[0012] The TCI state may represent the one applied to the downlink signal / channel. The equivalent of the TCI state applied to the uplink signal / channel may be expressed as a spatial relation.

[0013] TCI status refers to information about signal / channel quasi-co-location (QCL), and may also be called spatial reception parameters or spatial relation information. TCI status may be set for each channel or signal in the UE.

[0014] QCL is an index that indicates the statistical properties of a signal / channel. For example, if two signals / channels have a QCL relationship, it may mean that we can assume that at least one of the following is identical between these different signals / channels: Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial parameter (e.g., spatial Rx parameter).

[0015] The spatial reception parameters may correspond to the UE's received beam (e.g., the received analog beam), and the beam may be identified based on the spatial QCL. In this disclosure, QCL (or at least one element of QCL) may be interpreted as sQCL (spatial QCL).

[0016] QCL may have multiple types (QCL types). For example, there may be four QCL types A and D that differ in the parameters (or parameter sets) that can be assumed to be the same, and these parameters (which may also be called QCL parameters) are shown below: · QCL type A (QCL-A): Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread, · QCL type B (QCL-B): Doppler shift and Doppler spread, · QCL type C (QCL-C): Doppler shift and mean delay, · QCL type D (QCL-D): Spatial reception parameters.

[0017] The assumption that a certain control resource set (Control Resource Set (CORESET)), channel, or reference signal is in relation to a specific QCL (e.g., QCL type D) with another CORESET, channel, or reference signal may be referred to as a QCL assumption.

[0018] The UE may determine at least one of the transmission beam (Tx beam) and the reception beam (Rx beam) of the signal / channel based on the TCI state or QCL assumption of the signal / channel.

[0019] The TCI state may be, for example, information regarding the QCL between the target channel (in other words, the reference signal (Reference Signal (RS)) for the channel) and another signal (e.g., another RS). The TCI state may be set (indicated) by higher layer signaling, physical layer signaling, or a combination thereof.

[0020] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0021] The channel on which the TCI state or spatial relationship is set (specified) may be, for example, at least one of the following: Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).

[0022] Furthermore, the RS that has a QCL relationship with the channel may be at least one of the following: a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Tracking CSI-RS (also called a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)), or a QCL detection reference signal (also called a QRS).

[0023] An SSB is a signal block that includes at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). An SSB may also be called an SS / PBCH block.

[0024] The RS of a QCL type X in a TCI state may also mean the RS in the relationship between a channel / signal (or its DMRS) and a QCL type X, and this RS may also be called the QCL source of the QCL type X in that TCI state.

[0025] The beam for PDSCH / PDCCH in Rel.15 / 16 is indicated by the TCI state (see Figure 1).

[0026] As shown in Figure 1, L TCI states (a pool / list of TCI states) are set for the UE using RRC. This L may be up to 128.

[0027] As shown in Figure 1, for PDCCH, K TCI states are set for each CORESET using RRC from the pool of TCI states. K may be up to 64. If K > 1, the UE activates / instructs one TCI state for each CORESET using MAC CE.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1, for a PDSCH, M TCI states are activated from the pool of TCI states using MAC CE. M may be up to 8. If an RRC parameter (e.g., tci-presentInDCI) is set for the UE indicating that the DCI contains TCI fields, the UE is instructed to select one TCI state to apply to the PDSCH using the DCI (and its contained TCI fields).

[0029] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to wireless communication) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0030] Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the location of wireless devices using the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS) scenarios.

[0031] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in a line of sight to each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in a line of sight to each other (or there are obstructions).

[0032] In fingerprint localization, the location of an UE is estimated based on a database / AI model using fingerprints of the UE's multiple transmission paths (multipath).

[0033] Taking advantage of this method, it is being considered to build and train a database / AI model that infers information about multiple paths from the location of the Unreal Engine (UE).

[0034] Multipath information may also include, for example, information regarding the angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) of the signal in the optimal / candidate transmission path.

[0035] In this disclosure, AoA information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of arrival and the zenith angles of arrival. Similarly, AoD information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of departure and the zenith angles of departure.

[0036] By using such an optimal transmission path AoA / AoD, it is possible to determine the beam transmitted by the base station (network, gNB) (which may also be called the Tx beam) and the beam received by the UE (Rx beam) without performing beam sweeping.

[0037] In NR, the quality of the communication link between the base station and the UE is ultimately determined by the selection of the Tx beam (at the base station) and the Rx beam (at the terminal) (sometimes called a beam pair). The UE recognizes which Rx beam to use from the beam instruction. In DL transmission, the UE relies on the beam instruction from the base station to determine which receiving beam to use to receive DL data.

[0038] The optimal Tx beam may differ for different Rx beams, and the optimal Rx beam may differ for different Tx beams.

[0039] The selection / determination of the Rx beam is transparent at the base station. Essentially, the optimal Rx beam should be determined based on the AoA of the signal as seen from the UE. However, under existing specifications, the selection / determination of the Rx beam is transparent to the base station, and the base station must repeatedly transmit using the same Tx beam in order to allow the UE to measure / select ( / determine) the Rx beam itself.

[0040] The base station instructs the UE to use its Tx beam for transmitting the signal using the TCI state. The UE receives the signal using the Rx beam paired with the instructed beam.

[0041] In millimeter-wave (mmW) environments, base stations and UEs need to support a large number of Tx and Rx beams. Supporting the selection / determination of optimal beam pairs may increase the overhead of beam measurement signals and the power consumption of the UE. Assuming M Tx beams and N Rx beams, a total of M × N measurements are required to select / determine the optimal beam pair.

[0042] Even if only the optimal Rx beam changes and the optimal Tx beam remains unchanged (for example, when the UE rotates), a reference signal (RS) for beam maintenance is considered necessary to avoid beam interference.

[0043] By utilizing AI, base stations may be able to predict the area of ​​view (AoA) of signals on the UE side. By notifying the UE of information regarding the signal's AoA, the UE can determine the Rx beam (without Rx beam sweeping), thus reducing the signal overhead for beam measurement.

[0044] However, the beam determination method using AoA / AoD has not been sufficiently considered. If these considerations are insufficient, appropriate overhead reduction, high-precision channel estimation, and efficient resource utilization may not be achieved, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0045] Therefore, the inventors have conceived of a control method suitable for beam determination using AoA / AoD information. Note that each embodiment of this disclosure may be applied when AI / prediction is not used.

[0046] In one embodiment of this disclosure, a terminal (User Equipment (UE)) / base station (BS) trains an ML model in training mode and runs the ML model in test mode (also called test mode or testing mode). In test mode, the accuracy of the trained ML model trained in training mode may be validated.

[0047] In this disclosure, the UE / BS may input channel status information, reference signal measurements, etc., to the ML model and output high-precision channel status information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel status information / wireless link quality, etc.

[0048] In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics: • Estimation based on observed or collected information • Selection based on observed or collected information. • Predictions based on observed or collected information.

[0049] In this disclosure, the object may be, for example, a device such as a terminal or base station. The object may also be a program included in the device.

[0050] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the ML model may be replaced with an object having (implementing) at least one of the following features: • By providing information (feeding), estimates are generated. By providing information, predict the estimated value. By providing information, we can discover features. • By providing information, the user can select an action.

[0051] Furthermore, in this disclosure, ML model may be interpreted as at least one of a model, AI model, predictive analytics, predictive analytics model, etc. Also, ML model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc. In this disclosure, model may be interpreted as at least one of an encoder, decoder, tool, etc.

[0052] An ML model outputs at least one piece of information based on the input information, such as an estimate, a prediction, a chosen action, or a classification.

[0053] ML models may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Supervised learning may be used to learn general rules for mapping inputs to outputs. Unsupervised learning may be used to learn data features. Reinforcement learning may be used to learn actions to maximize an objective (goal).

[0054] The embodiments described later will primarily be explained assuming the use of supervised learning in the ML model, but are not limited to this.

[0055] In this disclosure, terms such as implementation, operation, function, and execution may be interpreted interchangeably. Similarly, terms such as test, after-training, production use, and actual use may be interpreted interchangeably. The term "signal" may be interpreted interchangeably with "signal / channel."

[0056] In this disclosure, the training mode may correspond to the mode in which the UE / BS transmits / receives signals for the ML model (in other words, the mode of operation during the training period). In this disclosure, the test mode may correspond to the mode in which the UE / BS runs the ML model (for example, runs the trained ML model to predict the output) (in other words, the mode of operation during the test period).

[0057] In this disclosure, training mode may mean a mode in which a particular signal transmitted in test mode is transmitted in a manner that has high overhead (e.g., high resource usage).

[0058] In this disclosure, the training mode may mean a mode that refers to a first configuration (e.g., a first DMRS configuration, a first CSI-RS configuration). In this disclosure, the test mode may mean a mode that refers to a second configuration other than the first configuration (e.g., a second DMRS configuration, a second CSI-RS configuration). The first configuration may have at least one more time resource, frequency resource, code resource, or port (antenna port) for measurement than the second configuration.

[0059] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0060] In the following embodiments, the relevant entities are the UE and BS to illustrate an ML model relating to communication between UEs and BSs, but the application of each embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, for communication between other entities (e.g., UE-UE communication), the UE and BS in the embodiments below may be replaced with a first UE and a second UE. In other words, any UE, BS, etc. in this disclosure may be replaced with any UE / BS.

[0061] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0062] In this disclosure, terms such as activate, deactivate, indicate, select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operable may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0063] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Element (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0064] In this disclosure, the upper-layer signaling may be, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, or a combination thereof.

[0065] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0066] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0067] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0068] In this disclosure, the terms include: panel, UE panel, panel group, antenna group, UE capability value, UE capability value set, specific (pool) index included in PUSCH configuration, specific (pool) index included in SRS configuration, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmit entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relationship, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference). Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relationship group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state (common TCI state)The terms "state," "quasi-co-location (QCL)," and "QCL assumption" may be interchangeable. The UE capability set may include, for example, the maximum number of supported SRS ports.

[0069] In subsequent embodiments, the angle at which the signal arrives at the UE, AoA, AoA at the UE, and AoA at the base station may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, the angle at which the signal is radiated at the UE, AoD at the UE, and AoD at the base station may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, AoA and AoD may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, UE and base station may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0070] In this disclosure, signal, channel, reference signal, and channel / signal / RS may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, a DL channel / signal may be at least one of a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), or Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS). In this disclosure, a UL channel / signal may be at least one of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Random Access Channel (PRACH), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), or DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS).

[0071] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0072] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0073] Each embodiment / appearance / option / option / modification of this disclosure may be used based on at least one of the following conditions: • Explicitly setting the corresponding higher-level layer parameters. • (Implicitly) setting of related higher-level layer parameters. • Instructions for MAC CE / DCI (and the fields included in it). • (Reported) UE Capability. • Defined within the specifications. • Specific conditions defined within the specifications. • Setting / instruction by at least one of the upper layer parameters, MAC CE, DCI, and (reported) UE capabilities.

[0074] Each embodiment / aspect / option / modification of this disclosure may be used individually or in combination.

[0075] (Wireless communication method) <Embodiment 0> The base station may notify the UE of AoA / AoD information.

[0076] The UE may determine the (optimal) Rx beam based on AoA information provided by the base station.

[0077] The UE may determine the (optimal) Tx beam based on AoD information (at the UE) notified by the base station.

[0078] The UE may determine at least one of the Rx beam to be used for receiving the DL signal and the Tx beam to be used for transmitting the UL signal, according to steps #0 to #4 below.

[0079] [Step #0] The base station may receive / acquire information regarding the location of the UE.

[0080] UEs may transmit / report information regarding their location.

[0081] For example, information regarding the location of the UE may be information based on the UE's position determination as defined in the specification. Or, for example, information regarding the location of the UE may be information regarding the UE's position based on a reference signal (e.g., PRS / SRS).

[0082] Furthermore, for example, the information regarding the location of the UE may be information regarding the location of the UE based on a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) / Global Positioning System (GPS).

[0083] [Step #1] The base station may estimate the signal transmission path based on information about the location of the UE.

[0084] The transmission path in question may also be the transmission path with the best (highest) signal reception power / reception quality (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) at the UE.

[0085] The transmission path may also be indicated using AoA / AoD.

[0086] The base station may determine the Tx beam (at the base station) based on the AoD (which may also be the AoD at the base station).

[0087] The UE may determine the Rx beam (in the UE) based on the AoA (which may also be the AoA in the UE). The UE may determine the Tx beam (in the UE) based on the AoD (which may also be the AoD in the UE).

[0088] The estimation of the transmission path at the base station may be performed using an AI model / database at the base station.

[0089] [Step #2] The base station may transmit / notify the UE of the estimated AoA / AoD information.

[0090] The AoA information may also be information regarding AoA for DL ​​reception. The AoD information may also be information regarding AoD (in UE) for UL transmission.

[0091] [Step #3] Based on the information regarding AoA / AoD, the UE may determine at least one of the Rx beam used for receiving the DL signal and the Tx beam used for transmitting the UL signal.

[0092] <First Embodiment> In the first embodiment, a method for notifying information regarding AoA / AoD will be described.

[0093] The UE may receive information regarding AoA / AoD, indicated by specific information.

[0094] The specific information may be, for example, at least one of options 1-1 and 1-2 below. The UE / base station may use a combination of options 1-1 and 1-2 below.

[0095] 《Option 1-1》 Information regarding AoA / AoD may be presented based on numerical / quantized values ​​of specific angles.

[0096] The specific angle may be expressed as an angle in a global coordinate system (GCS) / local coordinate system (LCS). The GCS may be defined for a system including multiple base stations and multiple UEs. Alternatively, an array antenna for a single base station or UE may be defined in the LCS. The LCS is used as a reference to define the vector far-field of each antenna element in the array. This vector far-field consists of the pattern and polarization. The arrangement of the array within the GCS may be defined by a GCS-LCS transformation. The GCS / LCS may be derived, for example, based on definitions and transformation formulas that would be recognizable to a person skilled in the art (as specified in the specifications).

[0097] The specific angle may be a combination of a first angle and a second angle. For example, the first angle may be a horizontal angle, and the second angle may be a vertical angle.

[0098] GCS / LCS may be predefined, or they may be notified to the UE using upper-layer signaling / DCI.

[0099] The UE may determine the notified angle reference based on the GCS / LCS. The UE may determine the first axis of the three axes constituting the GCS / LCS as the first angle reference, and the second axis as the second angle reference.

[0100] In the case of a GCS, each of the three axes that make up the GCS may be determined to a specific direction. For example, in the case of a GCS, each of the three axes that make up the GCS may be a specific direction (e.g., north, east, or up (vertical)).

[0101] The first angle / second angle may be expressed using a specific range / grain size.

[0102] The specific range may be, for example, the range from a first value to a second value. For example, the first value may be 0° and the second value may be 180°. Alternatively, for example, the first value may be 0° and the second value may be 360°. Alternatively, for example, the first value may be -θ° (where θ is any integer) and the second value may be θ°.

[0103] The specific particle size may be, for example, in units of 1°, in units of 10°, or in units of any angle.

[0104] While degrees are used as the primary unit for angles in this disclosure, the units are not limited to degrees. For example, radians may also be used as the unit for angles.

[0105] For example, the first angle and the second angle ((first angle, second angle)) may be expressed as (65 (degree, °), 80 (degree, °)).

[0106] [Option 1-1-1] The UE may receive AoA / AoD information in accordance with at least one of the following options 1-1-1-1 to 1-1-1-3. The UE / base station may use a combination of at least two of the following options 1-1-1-1 to 1-1-1-3.

[0107] (Option 1-1-1-1) The UE may receive information about AoA / AoD using RRC signaling (RRC parameters).

[0108] The RRC parameter in question may also be a parameter that indicates AoA / AoD.

[0109] The parameter indicating the AoA / AoD may be included in the parameters related to the cell settings, or it may be included in the parameters that set the DL / UL channel / signal.

[0110] The parameter indicating the AoA / AoD may be included in at least one of the parameters for setting the TCI state (TCI-State), the parameters for setting QCL information (QCL-Info), and the parameters for setting the cell. To notify the parameter indicating the AoA / AoD, at least one of the parameters for setting the TCI state (TCI-State), the parameters for setting QCL information (QCL-Info), and the parameters for setting the cell in the existing specification (Rel.15-17) may be extended.

[0111] The parameter indicating AoA / AoD may include at least one of the following: information indicating the type of AoA / AoD, information indicating the first angle of AoA / AoD, and information indicating the second angle of AoA / AoD.

[0112] Information indicating the type of AoA / AoD may, for example, indicate either GCS or LCS. Information indicating the first angle of AoA / AoD may, for example, indicate the horizontal angle of AoA / AoD. Information indicating the second angle of AoA / AoD may, for example, indicate the vertical angle of AoA / AoD.

[0113] Figure 2 shows an example of how to set parameters indicating AoA / AoD for option 1-1-1-1. In Figure 2, parameters indicating AoA are set for the UE using RRC signaling.

[0114] In the example shown in Figure 2, the parameters for setting the TCI state include a parameter indicating AoA. In the example shown in Figure 2, the parameters indicating AoA include information indicating the type of AoA / AoD (AoA type), information indicating the first angle of AoA / AoD (AoA Horizontal), and information indicating the second angle of AoA / AoD (AoA Vertical).

[0115] (Option 1-1-1-2) The UE may use MAC CE to receive information regarding AoA / AoD.

[0116] A MAC CE that notifies information regarding AoA / AoD may include a new (as defined in Rel.18 and later) LCID (Logical Channel ID) in the MAC subheader of the MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) containing the MAC CE.

[0117] For MAC CEs that notify AoA / AoD information, existing MAC CEs (as defined in Rel. 15 / 16 / 17) may be used. For MAC CEs that notify AoA / AoD information, an octet / field containing AoA / AoD information may be added to the existing MAC CE.

[0118] (Option 1-1-1-3) The UE may use DCI to receive information regarding AoA / AoD.

[0119] The DCI may include fields indicating AoA / AoD.

[0120] The UE may determine AoA / AoD based on the value of the field that indicates AoA / AoD.

[0121] For example, the UE may determine the AoA / AoD from the AoA / AoD set by the RRC parameter described in option 1-1-1-1 above, using the value of the field indicating the AoA / AoD.

[0122] The field indicating AoA / AoD may be a newly defined field (from Rel.18 onwards). If such a field is included in the DCI, the UE may ignore certain fields within the DCI (e.g., TCI fields).

[0123] The field indicating AoA / AoD may be a TCI field. The UE may receive an association between TCI state / QCL information and AoA / AoD information (using upper layer (RRC) signaling). The UE may determine AoA / AoD based on the AoA / AoD information associated with the TCI state of the indicated TCI field.

[0124] The field indicating AoD may also be an SRI field. The UE may receive (using higher layer (RRC) signaling) an association between an SRS resource and at least one of the spatial relational pieces of information corresponding to the SRS, and information about AoA / AoD. The UE may determine AoA / AoD based on the information about AoA / AoD associated with the SRS resource / spatial relation of the indicated SRI field.

[0125] [Option 1-1-2] The base station may notify the UE of information regarding candidate AoA / AoD corresponding to the transmission path. The base station may notify the UE of multiple such pieces of information.

[0126] This information may also be communicated to the UE using the method described in option 1-1-1 above.

[0127] Based on the measurements taken at the UE, the UE may determine / select one or more AoA / AoD from the multiple pieces of information.

[0128] According to option 1-2, in the case of NLOS, it becomes possible to maintain communication quality even if sudden blocking occurs.

[0129] [Option 1-1-3] AoA / AoD may be associated with a timing offset related to the application of said AoA / AoD.

[0130] The base station may notify / instruct the UE of multiple AoA / AoD associated with different timing offsets.

[0131] The UE may apply / configure the corresponding Rx beam (which evolves over time) based on multiple timing offsets that are notified / instructed.

[0132] The timing offset may indicate the period from a specific timing (for example, receiving an AoA / AoD instruction, sending a confirmation of the receipt of said instruction (which may be upper-layer signaling or a HARQ-ACK)) to the application of said AoA / AoD.

[0133] Among multiple timing offsets corresponding to AoA / AoD, the timing offset corresponding to the first AoA / AoD may indicate the period from the receipt of the instruction regarding the AoA / AoD to the application of the first AoA / AoD. Among multiple timing offsets corresponding to AoA / AoD, the timing offset corresponding to the nth (where n is an integer of 2 or more) AoA / AoD may indicate the period from the timing of the application of the (n-1)th AoA / AoD to the application of the nth AoA / AoD.

[0134] Figure 3 shows an example of the application of AoA related to option 1-1-3. In the example shown in Figure 3, the UE receives instructions for AoA#1 and AoA#2. Although Figure 3 explains an example related to AoA, it can also be applied to operations related to AoD.

[0135] In the example shown in Figure 3, AoA#1 and AoA#2 are associated with time offset #1 and time offset #2, respectively. The UE decides to apply the Rx beam using AoA#1 for the period after time offset #1 has elapsed from the time of receiving the instruction (the final symbol of the resource). The UE also decides to apply the Rx beam using AoA#2 for the period after time offset #2 has elapsed from the application of AoA#1.

[0136] According to option 1-1 above, by providing information about the angle, the UE can determine which Rx / Tx beam to use.

[0137] Options 1-2 Information regarding AoA / AoD may be presented based on information regarding the direction grid.

[0138] Information regarding the directional grid may be defined in the specifications beforehand, or it may be set in the UE using higher-layer signaling.

[0139] A geometric / geographic space may be divided into a grid according to a specific granularity / range. Each grid may be assigned a separate index.

[0140] The directional grid may be constructed based on a predefined mathematical formula using predefined / set parameters.

[0141] A single grid may correspond to information about horizontal angles and information about vertical angles.

[0142] Each grid may be associated with either a GCS or an LCS. If a grid is not associated with a GCS or LCS, the UE may assume / determine that it is associated with a GCS.

[0143] The specific particle size / range may be predetermined / set.

[0144] [Option 1-2-1] The base station may notify / configure the UE of information regarding that specific granularity / range in the directional grid.

[0145] Such notifications / instructions may be made using higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC).

[0146] The granularity may indicate how many grids the space is divided into horizontally / vertically. The granularity may also indicate the distance between horizontal / vertical grids in space (i.e., the number of divisions). The distance between horizontal / vertical grids in space may be expressed in angles, or in phase differences between each antenna (in the horizontal / vertical directions).

[0147] The range may also indicate the length of the boundary (range) of the horizontal / vertical direction grid.

[0148] Figure 4 shows an example of a directional grid illustrating AoA / AoD information related to Option 1-2. In the example shown in Figure 4, the geometric space is divided into specific granularities / ranges. In the example shown in Figure 4, the space is divided into granularities of 1° horizontally and 1° vertically. In the example shown in Figure 4, the range of the directional grid is from 0° to 180°. Each grid is indexed.

[0149] In an example as shown in Figure 4, the UE is instructed of the index of the directional grid. The UE determines the corresponding horizontal and vertical angles in the directional grid corresponding to the instructed index. The UE uses these determined angles as AoA / AoD.

[0150] Note that the granularity / range of the directional grid is not limited to the example shown in Figure 4. The granularity of the directional grid may be, for example, any size. The range of the directional grid may be, for example, a range from values ​​less than 0 to values ​​greater than 180.

[0151] [Option 1-2-2] The UE may receive AoA / AoD information (information about the grid index) according to at least one of the following options 1-2-2-1 to 1-2-2-3. The UE / base station may use a combination of at least two of the following options 1-2-2-1 to 1-2-2-3.

[0152] (Option 1-2-2-1) The UE may receive information about AoA / AoD using RRC signaling (RRC parameters).

[0153] The RRC parameter may also be a parameter that indicates the index (grid index) associated with AoA / AoD.

[0154] This parameter may be included in the parameters related to cell settings, or it may be included in the parameters that set the DL / UL channel / signal.

[0155] The parameter in question may be included in at least one of the parameters for setting the TCI state (TCI-State), the parameters for setting QCL information (QCL-Info), and the parameters for setting cells. To notify the parameter in question, at least one of the parameters for setting the TCI state (TCI-State), the parameters for setting QCL information (QCL-Info), and the parameters for setting cells in the existing specification (Rel.15-17) may be extended.

[0156] The parameter may be associated with either the GCS or the LCS. If the parameter is not associated with the GCS or LCS, the UE may assume / determine that the parameter is associated with the GCS.

[0157] (Option 1-2-2-2) The UE may use MAC CE to receive information about AoA / AoD (grid index).

[0158] A MAC CE that notifies information regarding AoA / AoD (grid index) may include a new (as defined in Rel.18 and later) LCID (Logical Channel ID) in the MAC subheader of the MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) containing the MAC CE.

[0159] For MAC CEs that notify AoA / AoD information (grid index), existing MAC CEs (as defined in Rel. 15 / 16 / 17) may be used. For MAC CEs that notify AoA / AoD information, an octet / field containing AoA / AoD information may be added to the existing MAC CE.

[0160] (Option 1-2-2-3) The UE may use DCI to receive information about AoA / AoD (grid index).

[0161] The DCI may include a field that indicates the grid index.

[0162] The UE may determine AoA / AoD based on the value of a field that indicates the grid index.

[0163] For example, the UE may determine AoA / AoD using the value of the field indicating the grid index from the parameters set by the RRC parameters described in option 1-2-2-1 above.

[0164] The field indicating the grid index may be a newly defined field (from Rel. 18 onwards). If that field is included in the DCI, the UE may ignore certain fields within the DCI (e.g., TCI fields).

[0165] The field indicating the grid index may be a TCI field. The UE may receive the association between TCI state / QCL information and information about the grid index (using upper layer (RRC) signaling). The UE may determine AoA / AoD based on the information about the grid index associated with the TCI state of the indicated TCI field.

[0166] The field indicating AoD may also be an SRI field. The UE may receive (using upper layer (RRC) signaling) an association between an SRS resource, at least one piece of spatial relation information corresponding to the SRS, and information about the grid index. The UE may determine AoA / AoD based on the information about the grid index associated with the SRS resource / spatial relation of the indicated SRI field.

[0167] [Options 1-2-3] The base station may notify the UE of information regarding candidate AoA / AoD corresponding to the transmission path (information regarding the grid index). The base station may notify the UE of multiple pieces of such information.

[0168] This information may also be communicated to the UE using the method described in option 1-2-1 above.

[0169] Based on the measurements taken in the UE, the UE may determine / select one or more grid indices (AoA / AoD) from the multiple pieces of information.

[0170] According to option 1-2-3, in the case of NLOS, it becomes possible to maintain communication quality even if sudden blocking occurs.

[0171] [Options 1-2-4] A grid (AoA / AoD) may be associated with a timing offset related to the application of that AoA / AoD.

[0172] The base station may notify / instruct the UE of the indices of multiple grids associated with different timing offsets.

[0173] The UE may apply / configure the corresponding Rx beam (which evolves over time) based on multiple timing offsets that are notified / instructed.

[0174] The timing offset may indicate the period from the receipt of instructions regarding the grid index (AoA / AoD) to the application of the AoA / AoD corresponding to that grid index.

[0175] The timing offset may indicate the period from a specific timing (for example, receiving instructions regarding a grid index (AoA / AoD), sending confirmation of the receipt of such instructions (which may be via upper-layer signaling or HARQ-ACK)) to the application of the AoA / AoD.

[0176] Of the multiple timing offsets corresponding to grid indices, the timing offset corresponding to the first grid index may indicate the period from the receipt of instructions regarding the grid index to the application of the AoA / AoD corresponding to the first grid index. Of the multiple timing offsets corresponding to grid indices, the timing offset corresponding to the AoA / AoD corresponding to the nth (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) grid index may indicate the period from the timing of the application of the AoA / AoD corresponding to the (n-1)th grid index to the application of the AoA / AoD corresponding to the nth grid index.

[0177] According to options 1-2 above, the UE can determine which Rx / Tx beam to use by providing information about angles using grid indices.

[0178] According to the first embodiment described above, the Rx beam / Tx beam to be used by the UE can be appropriately determined.

[0179] <Second Embodiment> In a second embodiment, a method for determining the beam of the UE based on instructions from the base station is described.

[0180] The UE may determine / decide, based on settings / instructions from the base station (for example, information regarding AoA / AoD as described in the first embodiment), which Rx beam to use for receiving DL signals and which Tx beam to use for UL transmission.

[0181] The UE may determine the Rx beam / Tx beam according to at least one of the following options 2-1 to 2-5.

[0182] 《Option 2-1》 If the specified AoA / AoD is based on GCS, the UE may convert the AoA / AoD to a value based on LCS.

[0183] The UE may determine the appropriate Rx / Tx beam that aligns with the indicated direction.

[0184] The UE may determine / decide on the conversion in that direction based on information from a predetermined sensor.

[0185] The UE may recognize the Rx beam (also called the Rx beam pattern) and Tx beam (also called the Tx beam pattern) in the determined / transformed AoA / AoD. In this case, the base station does not need to recognize the Rx beam / Tx beam recognized by the UE.

[0186] 《Option 2-2》 The UE may send / report feedback information to the base station regarding the UE's beam configuration / instructions.

[0187] The feedback information may be transmitted, for example, using UCI. The UE may transmit the feedback information using UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK information / CSI report).

[0188] If the base station provides the UE with information on multiple AoA / AoDs, the UE may report to the base station one or more selected / decided AoA / AoDs.

[0189] 《Option 2-3》 The UE may transmit / feed back to the base station a request for measurement in the specified beam / direction.

[0190] The measurement may be performed by the UE for the Rx beam, and by the base station for the Tx beam. The base station may transmit information (e.g., trigger information) to the UE to cause it to perform the measurement for the requested beam / direction, and the UE may perform the measurement. The base station may transmit information (e.g., trigger information) to the UE to cause it to perform the transmission for the requested beam / direction, and the UE may perform the transmission, and the base station may perform the measurement.

[0191] The feedback may be sent, for example, using UCI. The UE may send the feedback using UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK information / CSI report).

[0192] If the base station provides the UE with information on multiple AoA / AoDs, the UE may report to the base station one or more selected / decided AoA / AoDs.

[0193] If the measurement results for the request fall below a certain threshold, the UE may send a request to the base station to switch to / fall back to beam indication using TCI status / QCL information (or beam determination using beam sweeping). The base station may send information to the UE that sent the request to invalidate beam determination based on AoA / AoD (or enable beam determination using beam sweeping).

[0194] This method ensures beam quality even if the beam quality is poor in beam indication using AoA / AoD, by falling back to beam determination using beam sweeping.

[0195] Options 2-4 The UE may send feedback information to the base station regarding the instructed Tx beam (the beam / direction to be used for UL transmission).

[0196] The feedback information may be transmitted, for example, using UCI. The UE may transmit the feedback information using UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK information / CSI report).

[0197] 《Options 2-5》 The UE may determine that at least one of the following is triggered: reporting of the UE's location and / or requesting information regarding AoA / AoD.

[0198] The UE may determine that the trigger will occur if certain conditions are met.

[0199] The specific condition may, for example, be a condition based on the rotation of the UE. If the UE determines that it has rotated, it may decide to perform at least one of the following: update the Rx beam / Tx beam, or request information about the AoA / AoD. If the indicated AoA / AoD corresponds to the GCS, the UE may decide not to perform at least one of the following: update the Rx beam / Tx beam, or request information about the AoA / AoD.

[0200] The UE may determine its rotation based on at least one of the following: information from sensors, or the result of measuring a specific DL signal.

[0201] The specific condition may, for example, be a condition based on the movement of the UE. If the UE determines that it has moved, it may decide to perform at least one of the following: updating the Rx beam / Tx beam, reporting the UE's location.

[0202] The UE may determine its movement based on at least one of the following: information from sensors, or the result of measuring a specific DL signal.

[0203] [Option 2-5-1] The UE may periodically send at least one of the following: a report on the UE's location and a request for information regarding AoA / AoD.

[0204] The base station may configure the UE to periodically report the UE's location. This configuration may be performed using upper-layer signaling / DCI.

[0205] Based on the content of the location information being reported, the UE may include that information in the PUSCH / PUCCH and transmit it.

[0206] The base station may configure the UE to periodically send requests for AoA / AoD information. This configuration may be performed using upper-layer signaling / DCI.

[0207] The UE may send a request for AoA / AoD information using PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS. For example, if the UE sends a request for AoA / AoD information using SRS, the SRS may be generated / sent with scrambling applied based on the request.

[0208] [Option 2-5-2] Based on a specific event, the UE may send at least one of the following: a report regarding the UE's location, and a request for information regarding AoA / AoD.

[0209] The specific event in question may be defined in advance by the specifications, or conditions may be set for the UE using higher-layer signaling.

[0210] The specific event in question may be, for example, at least one of the following: the location of the UE changes beyond a certain threshold; or the received power / received quality of the received signal (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR / BLER (Block Error Rate)) falls below a certain threshold (requirement).

[0211] A UE may transmit at least one of the following using PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS: a report of the UE's location and a request for information regarding AoA / AoD.

[0212] According to the second embodiment described above, the Rx beam / Tx beam used by the UE can be appropriately determined.

[0213] <Third Embodiment> In the third embodiment, the switching / fallback between beam indication using AoA / AoD and beam indication using TCI status / QCL information will be described.

[0214] In this disclosure, the terms AoA / AoD-based beam indication, AoA / AoD-based beam indication, and AoA / AoD-based beam indication may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0215] In this disclosure, beam indication using TCI state / QCL information, beam indication using a specific type of QCL (e.g., QCL type D), TCI state / QCL information-based beam indication, QCL type D-based beam indication, and beam indication based on beam sweeping / measurement reports may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0216] The UE may support switching between beam designation using AoA / AoD and beam designation using TCI status / QCL information, as well as fallback.

[0217] The UE may decide to switch between beam designation using AoA / AoD and beam designation using TCI status / QCL information based on specific conditions.

[0218] The UE may assume that the fields included in the DCI change depending on whether beam designation using AoA / AoD is applied or beam designation using TCI status / QCL information is applied. The UE may also interpret certain fields included in the DCI when beam designation using AoA / AoD is applied (or when beam designation using TCI status / QCL information is applied).

[0219] The specific condition may be whether or not information about the UE's location is available. For example, whether or not information about the UE's location is available may be determined by whether or not an RRC parameter (e.g., "includeCommonLocationInfo") indicating whether or not to include common location information is set to "true (or enabled)" for the UE.

[0220] For example, a UE may decide to apply beam designation using AoA / AoD if the UE's location is available, and to apply beam designation using TCI status / QCL information if the UE's location is not available.

[0221] Furthermore, the specific condition may also be whether or not a particular UE capability / base station capability is restricted. For example, the UE capability / base station capability may be the capability related to beam direction using AoA / AoD.

[0222] For example, a UE may decide to apply beam designation using AoA / AoD if the UE / base station supports the capability to use AoA / AoD, and to apply beam designation using TCI status / QCL information if the UE / base station does not support the capability to use AoA / AoD.

[0223] The specific condition may be based on the fact that the estimation based on AoA / AoD is inaccurate. For example, the inaccuracy of the estimation based on AoA / AoD may be at least one of the following: the received power / received quality (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR / BLER (Block Error Rate)) of the received signal using a beam with AoA / AoD falls below a certain threshold (requirement); and beam interference occurs.

[0224] For example, the UE may decide to apply beam indication using AoA / AoD if the received power / received quality of the received signal is above a certain threshold, and to apply beam indication using TCI status / QCL information if the received power / received quality of the received signal is below a certain threshold.

[0225] The base station may notify / configure / instruct the UE regarding information about the beam direction mode.

[0226] The beam indication mode may be either a beam indication mode using AoA / AoD, or a beam indication mode using TCI status / QCL information.

[0227] Information regarding the beam direction mode may be communicated to the UE using upper-layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI.

[0228] RRC parameters may be used to provide information regarding the beam indication mode. These RRC parameters may be newly defined (for example, in Rel. 18 or later).

[0229] Furthermore, the RRC parameter may be included in either a parameter for setting the TCI state (e.g., TCI-State) or a parameter for setting QCL information (e.g., QCL-Info). In other words, either a parameter for setting the TCI state (e.g., TCI-State) or a parameter for setting QCL information (e.g., QCL-Info) may be extended to notify the RRC parameter.

[0230] MAC CE may be used to provide information regarding the beam indication mode.

[0231] The MAC CE may include a new (as defined in Rel. 18 and later) LCID (Logical Channel ID) in the MAC subheader of the MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) containing the MAC CE.

[0232] Furthermore, an existing MAC CE (as defined in Rel. 15 / 16 / 17) may be used for the MAC CE in question. For the MAC CE in question, an octet / field containing information about the beam indication mode may be added to the existing MAC CE.

[0233] DCI may be used to provide information about the beam indication mode. The DCI may include a field that indicates the beam indication mode.

[0234] The UE may use a UL channel (e.g., PUSCH / PUCCH) to trigger / report to the base station about switching beam direction modes.

[0235] <Other Embodiments> At least one of the embodiments described above may apply only to a UE that has reported or supports a particular UE capability.

[0236] The specific UE capability may represent at least one of the following: • Capabilities related to the location (location information) of the UE. • Ability to estimate the direction of signal transmission / reception. • Ability to estimate at least one of the DL's Rx beam and the UL's Tx beam. • The ability to convert AoA / AoD, as indicated by GCS, to LCS according to its direction. • The maximum number of supported directional grids (in terms of granularity / range).

[0237] The above UE capabilities may be reported per frequency, per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), Frequency Range 2 (FR2), FR2-1, FR2-2), per cell, or per subcarrier spacing (SCS).

[0238] The above UE capabilities may be reported in common for both Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), or they may be reported independently.

[0239] Furthermore, at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied when the UE is configured with specific information related to the embodiments described above by upper-layer signaling. For example, such specific information may be information indicating the activation of the use of an AI model for beam determination, or arbitrary RRC parameters for a particular release (e.g., Rel.18 / 19).

[0240] According to the other embodiments described above, the UE can achieve the above functions while maintaining compatibility with existing specifications.

[0241] (Wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any or a combination thereof of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0242] Figure 5 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0243] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and so on.

[0244] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0245] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0246] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0247] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0248] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may fall in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0249] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of the following methods at each CC: Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0250] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, if NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0251] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0252] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0253] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0254] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0255] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, shared by each user terminal 20.

[0256] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0257] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0258] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0259] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL ​​DCI, and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI. Furthermore, PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0260] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a particular search space based on the search space configuration.

[0261] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0262] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) which includes at least one of the following: channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment (e.g., Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0263] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted when describing various channels.

[0264] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc., may be transmitted.

[0265] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. SS, SSB, etc., may also be called reference signals.

[0266] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the Uplink Reference Signal (UL-RS) may transmit the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called the User-Specific Reference Signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0267] (base station) FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0268] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts in the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processes of each part described below may be omitted.

[0269] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on the common knowledge in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0270] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission, reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, a sequence, etc. to be transmitted as a signal, and transfer it to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting, release, etc.) of a communication channel, state management of the base station 10, wireless resource management, etc.

[0271] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a Radio Frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on the common knowledge in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0272] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0273] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0274] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0275] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0276] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0277] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0278] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0279] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0280] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing to the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0281] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0282] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30, other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0283] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0284] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive terminal location information. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit at least one of first information relating to the arrival angle of the signal at the terminal based on the location information, and second information relating to the radiation angle of the signal at the terminal based on the location information. The control unit 110 may use the first information to indicate at least one of the receiving beam of the downlink signal at the terminal, and use the second information to indicate at least one of the transmitting beam of the uplink signal at the terminal (0th and 1st embodiments).

[0285] (User terminal) FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230 may be provided respectively.

[0286] Note that in this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts in the present embodiment are mainly shown, and the user terminal 20 may be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. A part of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0287] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, a control circuit, etc. described based on the common knowledge in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0288] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission, reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0289] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc. described based on the common knowledge in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0290] The transceiver unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmitter unit and a receiver unit. The transmitter unit may be composed of the transmission processing unit 2211 and the RF unit 222. The receiver unit may be composed of the reception processing unit 2212, the RF unit 222, and the measurement unit 223.

[0291] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0292] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0293] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0294] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210, etc., to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0295] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0296] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0297] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0298] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0299] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0300] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0301] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0302] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may transmit terminal location information. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive at least one of first information relating to the signal arrival angle at the terminal based on the location information, and second information relating to the signal radiation angle at the terminal based on the location information. The control unit 210 may determine at least one of the received beam of the downlink signal based on the first information, and the transmitted beam of the uplink signal based on the second information (0th and 1st embodiments).

[0303] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive a plurality of pieces of information relating to a time offset associated with at least one of the first piece of information and the second piece of information. The control unit 210 may determine the timing of application of the first piece of information corresponding to the time offset information and the second piece of information corresponding to the time offset information based on the information relating to the time offset (first embodiment).

[0304] The control unit 210 may control the transmission of feedback information to at least one of the first information and the second information (second embodiment).

[0305] The control unit 210 may determine, based on specific conditions, whether to apply a beam based on at least one of the first information and the second information, or to apply a beam based on at least one of the transmission setting instruction (TCI) status and the quasi-collocation (QCL) information (third embodiment).

[0306] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0307] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0308] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0309] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured to omit some of the devices.

[0310] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0311] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or to control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0312] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0313] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0314] Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0315] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital multipurpose disk, a Blu-ray disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0316] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated implementations of a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0317] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0318] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0319] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0320] (modified version) In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0321] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0322] Here, the neuralelogy may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neuralelogy may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, or specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0323] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0324] A slot may include multiple mini-slots. Each mini-slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Mini-slots may also be called sub-slots. Mini-slots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0325] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0326] For example, one subframe may be called TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called TTI, or one slot or one mini-slot may be called TTI. In other words, at least one of the subframe and TTI may be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. Note that the unit representing TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0327] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0328] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Given a TTI, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) to which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0329] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0330] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may also be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini slot, a sub slot, or a slot.

[0331] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0332] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0333] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. Each TTI, subframe, etc., may consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0334] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0335] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0336] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also called a partial bandwidth) may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. Here, the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to the carrier's common reference point. PRBs may be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0337] A BWP may include UL BWPs (BWPs for UL) and DL BWPs (BWPs for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0338] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will send or receive a given signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0339] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative examples. For instance, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots within a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0340] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0341] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements that use these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0342] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0343] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0344] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0345] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof).

[0346] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Element (CE).

[0347] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0348] The determination may be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0349] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0350] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0351] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0352] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "quasi-co-location (QCL)," "transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," and "panel" may be used interchangeably.

[0353] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "panel", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0354] A base station can house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0355] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0356] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0357] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0358] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0359] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0360] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0361] Figure 9 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0362] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0363] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0364] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression signal of accelerator pedal 43 acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression signal of brake pedal 44 acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc., acquired by object detection sensor 58.

[0365] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0366] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0367] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0368] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0369] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0370] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.

[0371] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0372] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0373] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel and downlink channel may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0374] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0375] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes with base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0376] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0377] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), and IEEE This may apply to systems utilizing 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also apply to combinations of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0378] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0379] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0380] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to include judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiry (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0381] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0382] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be considered as "judging (deciding)" something like resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment (decision)" can be considered as "judging (deciding)" something about an action.

[0383] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be replaced with "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0384] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0385] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, or optical domain (both visible and invisible).

[0386] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0387] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0388] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0389] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The invention described herein can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Therefore, the descriptions herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not imply any limitation on the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A receiving unit that receives at least one of first information relating to the arrival angle of the signal at the terminal and second information relating to the radiation angle of the signal at the terminal, A terminal having a control unit that determines at least one of the transmission setting instruction (TCI) state of the downlink signal based on the first information and the TCI state of the uplink signal based on the second information.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives a plurality of pieces of information relating to a time offset associated with at least one of the first piece of information and the second piece of information.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the TCI state of the uplink signal based on the second information under specific conditions.

4. A step of receiving at least one of first information relating to the arrival angle of the signal at the terminal and second information relating to the radiation angle of the signal at the terminal, A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of determining at least one of the transmission setting instruction (TCI) state of a downlink signal based on the first information, and the TCI state of an uplink signal based on the second information.

5. A transmitting unit that transmits at least one of first information relating to the arrival angle of the signal at the terminal and second information relating to the radiation angle of the signal at the terminal, A base station having a control unit that uses the first information to indicate at least one of the transmission setting instruction (TCI) state of the downlink signal at the terminal and uses the second information to indicate at least one of the TCI state of the uplink signal at the terminal.

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