Hybrid diffuser and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

To maximize output uniformity, surface diffusers and volume diffusers are used. We offer a combined hybrid diffuser. [Solution] A diffuser having a flat surface on the opposite side of a surface with a surface profile. The polymer is included, and the entire diffuser polymer and / or diffuser polymer Hybrid diffuser containing at least one optical material on the surface profile of the mer The diffuser is disclosed. The method for manufacturing this hybrid diffuser is also disclosed. The system may include a light source and the above-mentioned hybrid diffuser. The method of using it is also disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to a hybrid diffuser, which ·diffuser includes a diffuser material having a flat surface on the opposite side of a surface with a surface profile (surface shape), and at least one optical material is included within the entire diffuser material and / or on the surface profile of the diffuser ·polymer. A method of manufacturing this hybrid ·diffuser is disclosed. A system can include a light source and this hybrid ·diffuser. A method of using this system is also disclosed .

Background Art

[0002] Background of the Invention Diffusers (light diffusing plates) are optical components that find use in a variety of applications to provide both a homogenizing function and a beam shaping ·function. The broad classification of diffusers includes surface diffusers and volume diffusers. Surface diffusers rely on the surface relief (embossed) profile at the interface between two media such as glass or polymer and air to scatter radiation by refraction at the interface between the two media. In particular, surface diffusers produce scattering that is controlled based on, for example, the precise height and size distribution of the surface profile. Surface diffusers are usually highly efficient at shaping light during transmission. However, the light and energy distributions obtained with surface diffusers have undesirable "ghosts", i.e., surface diffusers

[0003] Surface diffusers rely on the surface relief (embossed) profile at the interface between two media such as glass or polymer and air to scatter radiation by refraction at the interface between the two media. Surface diffusers rely on the surface relief (embossed) profile at the interface between two media such as glass or polymer and air to scatter radiation by refraction at the interface between the two media. By refraction at the interface between two media, the surface diffuser scatters the radiation. In particular, the surface diffuser produces scattering that is controlled based on, for example, the precise height and size distribution of the surface profile. Surface diffusers usually produce scattering that is controlled based on, for example, the precise height and size distribution of the surface profile. Surface diffusers are usually highly efficient at shaping light during transmission. However, the light and energy distributions obtained with surface diffusers have undesirable "ghosts", i.e., surface diffusers The light and energy distributions obtained with surface diffusers have undesirable "ghosts", i.e., surface diffusers This can be a compromise with the diffracted light rays specific to the surface profile of the diffuser. In particular, surface-type diffusers Diffusers can sometimes compromise the high degree of uniformity of lighting. Surface diffusers A well-known example is frosted glass, which is inexpensive and readily available on the market, but Its beam shaping capabilities are very limited.

[0004] On the other hand, volumetric diffusers are composed of particles embedded throughout the material matrix. Light scattering occurs when particles and / or voids (gas phase) are distributed throughout the material matrix. This can be obtained by volumetric diffusers. Volumetric diffusers are generally different from surface diffusers. In comparison, it has a lower efficiency in shaping light during transmission. In fact, volumetric diffusers have a lower intensity distribution. In terms of meaning, it tends to produce an intensity pattern that is not very uniform. Volume diffusers A common example is opal (milky white) glass, and opal glass is (as a function of angle) Lambertian (Constructs an intensity profile described by a cosine function) ) It can generate lighting patterns, however, it is very inefficient and generally requires input light energy - Allows approximately 20% of light to pass through. Other volumetric diffusers are not as strong as opal glass. It tends to generate intensity profiles that exhibit a Lorentzian intensity profile. Yes. Also, unlike opal glass, these weaker volumetric diffusers are It can provide much higher efficiency. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] What's needed is a hybrid diffuser to maximize output uniformity. - Items such as volumetric diffusers combined with surface diffusers. Yes. For example, embodiments relating to the volume type of hybrid diffuser are additionally desired. It is possible to introduce optical and non-optical functions. Furthermore, different optical properties Using precisely distributed layered nanoparticles / microparticles of different sizes and optical materials Achieving a layer-by-layer structure results in a high refractive index photomedium, anti-reflective properties, and wavelength selectivity / dichroism (D). Giving the opportunity to add other properties such as cyclic, chemical, and mechanical properties. It is possible. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In one embodiment, a hybrid diffuser is disclosed, and this hybrid diffuser A diffuser has a flat surface on the opposite side of a surface that has a surface profile. The material includes and the entire diffuser material and / or diffuser polymer The surface profile includes at least one optical material.

[0007] In other embodiments, a light source and a system comprising this hybrid diffuser are disclosed. do.

[0008] In an additional embodiment, a method of using the system is disclosed, which involves: emitting light from a light source. The steps are: 1) emitting light from the light source; and 2) hybrid diffusion of the light emitted from the light source. The process includes the step of receiving light in the siren.

[0009] In other embodiments, a method for fabricating a hybrid diffuser is disclosed, the method being: The steps include: preparing a mold having a concave surface profile; and charging an optical material Forming a first layer of material on the surface profile of the concave surface of the mold; and forming a second layer of oppositely (charged) optical material on the surface of the first layer.

[0010] In another aspect, a method of fabricating a hybrid diffuser is disclosed, the method comprising: providing a substrate; depositing a diffuser material comprising at least one optical material using a liquid coating process, the liquid coating process exhibiting a shearing force for aligning at least one optical material; hardening the deposited diffuser material; and providing a surface profile to the hardened diffuser material.

[0011] Additional features and advantages of the various preferred embodiments will be described in part in the description of the embodiments that follow, and in part will be apparent from the description, or can be learned by practice of the various embodiments. The objectives and advantages of the various preferred embodiments will be understood and realized by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.

[0012] The features of the present invention are illustrated in the following drawings as non-limiting examples, in which like numbers indicate like elements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] [Figure 1] A diagram showing a hybrid diffuser according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 2] A diagram showing a hybrid diffuser according to another aspect of the present invention. [Figure 3] Figures 3A - B are diagrams showing the orientation of diffuser material and optical material for generating a surface profile. [Figure 4] Figures 4A and 4B show the orientation of the diffuser material and optical material for generating the surface profile. [Figure 5] Figures 5A and 5B show the orientation of the diffuser material and optical material for generating the surface profile. [Figure 6] This figure shows the orientation of diffuser and optical materials for generating a surface profile. [Figure 7] Figure 7A shows a system including a hybrid diffuser according to one aspect of the present invention. Figure 7B shows a system including a hybrid diffuser according to another aspect of the present invention. [Figure 8] This figure shows a mold having a concave surface profile used in a method according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 9] This figure shows a mold containing a first layer of charged optical material and a second layer of reverse-charged optical material. [Figure 10] This figure shows the formation of layers to create a flat surface. [Figure 11] This figure shows a hybrid diffuser according to one aspect of the present invention. [Figure 12] This figure shows a hybrid diffuser mounted on a substrate having an optical functional coating. [Figure 13] Figures 13A-C show surface-type diffusers and their intensity profiles. [Figure 14] Figures 14A and 14B show a volumetric diffuser and its intensity profile. [Figure 15] Figures 15A and 15B show the intensity profiles of the hybrid diffuser. [Figure 16] This is a diagram showing the polarization of a hybrid diffuser. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Detailed description of the invention For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the present invention will be described primarily by reference to its examples. The following description will explain numerous specific details in order to provide a complete understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented without being limited to these specific details. This is clear. In other examples, in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention, some methods and structures The construction is not explained.

[0015] In addition, the elements shown in the attached drawings may include additional components. Some of the components shown in these drawings may be removed and replaced without departing from the scope of the present invention. / or can be modified. Furthermore, the elements shown in the drawing are not drawn to scale. These elements may be of different sizes and / or may differ from those shown in the drawings. It may have a shape.

[0016] The above general explanation and the following detailed explanation are both illustrative and merely illustrative, and the present application It should be understood that this is intended to provide a description of various embodiments of the teaching. What is disclosed herein, in its wide variety of embodiments, is a hybrid differential The diffuser 10 is a hybrid diffuser 10, and as shown in Figure 1, the surface plate A diffuser material 12 having a flat surface 14 on the opposite side of the surface having a rophilic layer 16. It includes and the entire body of the diffuser material 12 and / or the surface of the diffuser material The rophile 16 includes at least one optical material.

[0017] The diffuser material 12 can be any transparent material. Diffuser material 12 is used as a matrix for containing at least one optical material 18 within its whole. The diffuser material 12 can form a surface profile 16. It can take a shape that includes and / or a surface profile 16. Diffuser Material 12 can be any curable polymer. Suitable diffuser material Non-limiting examples include polyester, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyamide, and poly Imide, polyurethane, acrylic, acrylate, polyvinyl ester, polyether, Polythiol (registered trademark), silicone, fluorocarbon, and related species Thermoplastic materials such as copolymers; epoxy, polyurethane, acrylate, melamine Phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, and phenol-formaldehyde Thermosetting resins such as acrylates, epoxy, vinyl, vinyl ethers, and styrene. , and energy-curable materials such as silanes; and combinations thereof. Additional diffusion The additive material 12 consists of silane, siloxane, titanate, and zirconate. Aluminates, silicates, phosphazenes This includes, but is not limited to, polyborazine and polythiadyl.

[0018] The polymer chains of diffuser material 12 are cross-linked using polymerization technology. It can then be cured. Non-limited examples of polymerization techniques include free radicals (free radicals). (Base) polymerization, spectral (spectroscopy) photosensitized free radical polymerization, photo-induced cation polymerization, and Photo-induced polymerization such as photo-induced addition cyclization; electron beam-induced free radical polymerization. Electron beam-induced polymerization such as electron beam-induced cationic polymerization and electron beam-induced addition cyclization; and thermal induction This includes thermally induced polymerization such as cationic polymerization. In one embodiment, the diffuser material 12 is Deposited on substrate 40, or formed in mold 32 having a concave surface profile. Next, non-radical curing systems, ultraviolet light, infrared light, thermal, chemically induced beams and Crosslinking and / or curing can be performed using techniques such as electron beams. can.

[0019] The diffuser material 12 may have a bottom surface such as a flat surface 14, and below this The surface can be the contact surface with the upper surface of the substrate 40. The diffuser material 12 is random Smooth surface profiles, periodic surface profiles, and / or patterned surfaces A surface may have a surface profile such as a profile. File 16 is used for stamping and embossing. ), molding (casting, injection molding), or methods such as reactive ion etching Therefore, it can be created.

[0020] The surface profile 16 can be defined by the distribution of the height and size of the scattering centers. The surface profile of the diffuser material 12 has a physical thickness greater than 0 nm. This is possible, that is, not just a flat top surface of the diffuser material 12. For example, The surface profile 16 of the diffuser material 12 contains sufficient microstructures of a certain depth. It can have a physical thickness. The surface profile 16 of the diffuser material 12 is For example, from approximately 5 microns to approximately 500 microns, from approximately 10 microns to approximately 200 microns, and As an additional example, physical thicknesses ranging from approximately 40 microns to approximately 100 microns, with intermediate thicknesses... It can include all scopes and secondary scopes.

[0021] The diffuser material 12 contains at least one light It may include the chemical material 18. The diffuser material 12 is the diffuser material 12 The surface profile 16 may include at least one optical material 18. The diffuser material 12 is contained within the entire body of the diffuser material 12 and on the surface of the diffuser material 12. The surface may include at least one optical material 18.

[0022] At least one optical material 18 is a diffuser material 12 or a surface profile 1 6 can provide optical functions that are not available on its own. Non-limiting examples of its properties include light scattering. It covers disturbances, electrical and / or magnetic properties, fluorescence properties, and IR (infrared) to visible light. Characteristics (low-energy incident light generates high energy), electrochromic, Thermochromic properties, wavelength-dependent light absorption, thin-film interference, diffraction interference, polarization control, and combinations thereof. This includes, but is not limited to, the optical material 18 and / or surface profile 16. The combination of optical functions and non-optical functions provided by the diffuser material 12 is effective in temperature and pressure , in response to external influences such as electric and / or magnetic fields, motion, gravity, radiation, etc., and combinations thereof. It is possible to design a hybrid diffuser 10 that can answer this question. .

[0023] At least one optical material 18 can exist in an organic phase, an inorganic phase, or a gas phase. At least one optical material 18 contains particles (nanoparticles or microparticles), and rod 2 0, wire, fiber, filament, ribbon, ellipse, other shapes, and their It can be in a combination form. In one embodiment, at least one optical material 18 is granular It can be formed into a collection of particles, in which the particle size ranges from, for example, about 20 nm to about Up to 1000nm, from approximately 30nm to approximately 900nm, and as an additional example, from approximately 40nm to approximately 8 The range is up to 00 nm. In one embodiment, at least one optical material 18 diffuse Grains embedded (randomly or specifically) throughout the entire material 12 As a child, as a particle layer within the diffuser material 12, or as part of the diffuser material 12 As particles on the surface profile 16, they can be present within the diffuser material 12. Cut.

[0024] At least one optical material 18 is subjected to an applied electromagnetic field, as will be further described below. It can be oriented in the field. At least one optical material 18 can be linear, circular, or spiral. It can have a spiral shape and a shape selected from combinations thereof. As shown in Figure 2, one In this embodiment, at least one optical material 18 is arranged in a linear, circular, spiral, and combination thereof. It can be oriented into a shape selected from the following. In particular, the metal rod has a surface profile 1 It can be oriented in relation to the orientation of 6. Rod dimensions, and diffuser material. 12 affects the amount of energy transmitted by the hybrid diffuser 10. It can be given. As will be explained in more detail below, the metal rod 20 is the diffuser material 1 Before curing 2, disperse it within the diffuser material 12 and orient it in a magnetic field. It is possible.

[0025] The diffuser material 12 contains multiple elongated optical materials throughout the diffuser material 12. It may contain particles of material 18, and these particles can respond to external electrolysis. The elongated particles of material 18 can be polarized and aligned parallel to the applied electric field. For example, polarized elliptical particles can be aligned along principal axes parallel to the electric field. Yes, it is possible. This alignment is independent of whether the elongated particles are solid or hollow.

[0026] Non-limiting examples of elongated particles in optical materials 18 include wires, fibers, filaments, ribbons, Includes elliptical, other shapes, and combinations thereof. The elongated particles of optical material 18 are electros Using pinning and / or centrifugal spinning, polymers, ceramics, metals, and It can be manufactured using a variety of optical materials such as those combinations. In one embodiment, optical materials 18 elongated particles ranging from nanometers to micrometers, for example, 10 nm to 10 μm. The fibers can be hollow fibers or similar materials having a diameter within a certain range. The elongated particles of the optical material 18, in the form of hollow fibers, have one or more channels, for example, two, three, It can include channels such as 4 or 5 channels. Diffuser material 1 The hybrid diffuser 10, which contains elongated particles of optical material 18 within its entirety, A wide variety of optical responses can be produced. As shown in Figure 6, the hollow and The elongated particles, like solid, slender particles, are attached to the surface of the Hybrid Diffuser 10 and vertically. It can be directly aligned. In this way, the angle of the incident light is hybrid diffuse This can have a strong influence on the optical properties of User 10.

[0027] The diffuser material 12 can be porous, that is, at least one optical material The space that can be eliminated can be included within the entire diffuser material 12. At least one optical material 18 (the size of molecules, particles, or voids is such that it is affected by the incident light) Mie scattering (which occurs when the wavelength of the incident light is greater than the wavelength of the molecule or particle) or causes Rayleigh scattering (which occurs when the size is larger than the void size). It can have a size that allows it to do so.

[0028] In one embodiment, at least one optical material is present on the surface profile 16. 18 is at least one present throughout the diffuser material 12 as shown in Figure 1 It can have a size smaller than the optical material 18. In this way, at least 1 The optical material 18 has surface profile 16 in the form of multiple protrusions which are smaller than the surface profile 16. These protrusions are located on file 16. They are designed to provide anti-reflective properties. This is possible. In addition, the optical material 18 on the surface profile 16 is superhydrophobic (for example) It can provide a self-cleaning (lotus effect).

[0029] The surface profile 16 is a solid and / or hollow elongated shape, as shown in Figures 3A and 3B. It can be formed using elongated particles of optical material 18, such as the structure shown. By continuously depositing elongated particles of eight different diameters, the coating density can be changed. By modifying it, for example by increasing it, the table of diffuser material 12 as shown in Figures 4A and 4B A surface profile 16 can be created. The surface profile 16 is of the optical material 18. It can also be obtained from a continuous layer of elongated particles, where different layers are oriented in different directions. As shown in Figures 5A and 5B, the first layer has a first (larger) diameter and in the first direction. The second layer contains elongated particles of oriented optical material 18, and the second layer has a second (smaller) diameter The third layer contains elongated particles of optical material 18 oriented in a first direction, and the third layer is the third (smallest) It contains elongated particles of optical material 18 that have a diameter and are oriented in a second direction different from the first direction. Solid and hollow elongated particles of optical material 18 of any diameter and material, in any orientation. It can be understood that these variables can be used. Based on the specific photon properties, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and catalytic properties of Fuser 10 Based on this, selection can be made.

[0030] At least one optical material 18 can be a metallic material. Examples include aluminum, palladium, silver, titanium, iron, cobalt, copper, tin, gold, nickel. Kel, their alloys; metallic compounds containing carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and combinations thereof; and those This includes combinations of the above.

[0031] At least one optical material 18 can be an inorganic material, for example, a layer or a layer The particles that form are present within the hybrid diffuser 10. Suitable inorganic material Non-limiting examples include SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, WO3, VO5, ITO, Ta2O5, CeO2, Y2O3, ZnS, In2O3, La2O3, MgO, Nd2O3, Pr6O 11 , Fe2O3, Fe3O4, SiO, SnO2, FeO x MgF2, AlF3, CeF 3. Metallic acids, including LaF3, LiF, CaF2, cermets, diamond-like carbon, and combinations thereof. The monster is MO x It is expressed as such, where M is a metal, O is oxygen, and x is a nonstoichiometric compound. This can be used as the ratio when applying the product.

[0032] At least one optical material functions as a uniform or selective absorber at different wavelengths. It can be a light-absorbing material. Non-limiting examples of light-absorbing materials include carbon, Graphite, silicon, germanium, cermet, and dielectric matrix are mixed within the matrix. Includes bonded metals, Inconel, stainless steel, Hastelloy, and combinations thereof.

[0033] At least one optical material 18 can be an organic coloring substance. Non-restrictive examples include perylene, perinone, quinacridone, quinacridonequinone, and anthrapin. Limidine, anthraquinone, ansanthrone (ansanthron), benzimidazolon, Diazo condensing agents, azo, quinolone, xanthene, azomethine, quinophthalone, indantolone Indanthrone, phthalocyanine, triallylcarbonium, dioxazine, amine Noanthraquinone, isoindoline, diketopyrrolopyrrole, thioindigo, thiadin Njigo, isoindoline, isoindolinone, pyrantron (pyranthron), isobio Lantron (isobiolanceron), Miyoshimethane, Triarylmethane, and mixtures thereof Includes objects.

[0034] At least one optical material 18 can be a liquid crystal polymer. (LCP: liquid crystal polymer) can be composed of one or more solidified polymer liquid crystal components. Yes, it is possible. This LCP can have a color that depends on the viewing angle and has a chiral phase. It can be composed of a liquid crystal structure with three-dimensional crosslinked orientation. This LCP structure is Orientation is applied to one or more liquid crystal materials having a lull phase that are capable of three-dimensional crosslinking, and then three-dimensional Crosslinking is performed, followed by grinding to obtain the desired particle size. This is possible. The resulting LCP structure consists of platelet-shaped particles, and liquid crystals. The structure contains crosslinking material (i.e., the polymer or monomer fluid before crosslinking) (This was a liquid crystal-type ordered state). Instead, this LCP structure is platelet This LCP can be formed by coating shaped particles with liquid crystal material. The structure consists of at least one nematic compound and at least one chiral compound. It can be prepared from a precursor composition containing a pant compound. ru.

[0035] The hybrid diffuser 10 may also include a functional coating 38. Functional coating 38 is applied to the surface profile 16 of the hybrid diffuser 10. It can exist on the upper surface such as. Functional coating 38 is a hybrid The function provided by at least one optical material 18 present within the diffuser 10 In addition, it can also provide protection and optical functions.

[0036] The Hybrid Diffuser 10 features dichroism filtering, anti-reflective properties, and bypass filtering. This can include multilayer optical designs with different optical purposes, such as hybrids. The entire head diffuser 10 is a multilayer design based on 18 different types of optical material particles. It can be manufactured by [method]. If desired, the density of the particles of the optical material 18 can be changed layer by layer. It is also possible to obtain each layer in different ratios of particles and / or particle sizes. Yes, it is possible. It has optical materials 18 of different types, sizes, proportions, layers, and thicknesses. Flexibleness refers to properties specifically designed for different wavelengths, intensities, and applications. This enables the manufacture of a hybrid diffuser 10 with high refractive index. A multilayer anti-reflective design using low refractive index particles is incorporated throughout the diffuser material 12. It can be integrated. The density, arrangement, size, optical properties, and thickness of the particles are all related to anti-reflective properties. It can be optimized for wavelengths requiring stopping characteristics. Furthermore, it offers more flexible design. The ability to change the density of rigid solid particles within the fuser material 12 means that The dimensions of the Hybrid Diffuser 10 can be changed (expanded or compressed). This enables the adjustment of its optical properties. The dichroic diffuser, It can be integrated into the entire diffuser material 12. In this case, it is based on nanoparticles. Optical design of high-refractive-index / low-refractive-index layers is important not only for spatial distribution but also for desired or undesired wavelengths of light. It is also possible to filter a portion of the data.

[0037] As shown in Figures 7A and 7B, system 24 includes a light source 26 and the above-mentioned in relation to Figure 1. A hybrid diffuser 10 may be included. The light source 26 is a hybrid diffuser. The light 28 received by the diffuser 10 can be emitted. The light source 26 emits ultraviolet light. It can emit light 28 in the wavelength range from to infrared.

[0038] The method of using system 24 involves emitting light from the light source 26 and then emitting light 28 from the light source 26. The steps are as follows: the light emitted from the light source 26 is directed into the hybrid diffuser 10. The process includes a step of receiving light. In one embodiment, the hybrid diffuser 10 is displayed At least one on the surface profile 16 and / or within the entire diffuser material 12 The optical material 18 (e.g., a scattering component) may be included, and the optical material 18 can be combined to illuminate A bright output 30 can be provided. At least one optical in the diffuser material 12 The presence of material 18 alters the illumination output 30 that would otherwise be observed with a surface diffuser alone. It can be corrected. Simply put, the dispersion is corrected by the contribution of the volume diffuser. The randomness profile shows the scattering of a surface diffuser alone and the scattering of a volume diffuser alone. It can be described as a convolution with the German contribution. The results showed that the corrected scattering profile was for a surface diffuser (shown in Figure 13A) or This exhibits improved uniformity compared to a volumetric diffuser alone (as shown in Figure 14A). It is possible. The hybrid diffuser 10 contains liquid crystal polymer, at least 1 It can be included as one optical material 18, and this liquid crystal polymer is active scattering and polarization control We can provide you with this. In one aspect, the hybrid diffuser 10 is made of gold The metal rods may be included as optical material 18, and these metal rods provide passive polarization and It can provide intensity control. The hybrid diffuser 10 is a linear polarizer, It can be used as a spectral bandgap filter or a cutoff filter. The hybrid diffuser 10 can also exhibit temperature control, which means light This is because the material 18 becomes conductive when it is present in an applied field such as an electromagnetic field.

[0039] The method for creating a hybrid diffuser is also disclosed, and this method is a concave surface pro The steps include preparing a mold 32 having a file and a first layer of charged optical material 34 Steps include forming on the concave surface profile of the mold and forming the reverse-charged optical material 36 The process includes the step of forming a second layer on the surface of the first layer. As shown in Figure 8, mold 32 It can include a concave surface profile. The mold 32 is for each layer of optical material 18 It can be used in deposition, and here, as shown in Figure 9, the first layer is made of charged optical material 34 This allows the second layer to be made of a reverse-charged optical material 36. As shown in Figure 10, an additional layer of charged optical material 34 is added to the reverse-charged optical material 36. This may include a step of adding additional layers alternately to obtain a flat surface. The process involves depositing a double layer of (charged / decharged) optical material 18 within the mold 32. This is possible. The bilayer of the optical material 18 can be a bilayer of inorganic / organic optical material 18. ru.

[0040] In one embodiment, this method involves filling the mold 32 with diffuser material 12 and flat The process may include the step of obtaining a smooth surface 14. In this way, the diffuser material 12 is a liquid, and the charged optical material 34 and the decharged optical material 36 are diffused. It can be dispersed within material 12.

[0041] This method involves the step of applying a field such as an electromagnetic field to the hybrid diffuser 10. It can include: electric fields, electromagnetic fields, magnetic fields, shear fields, gravitational fields, and combinations thereof. It can be selected from the combination. The application area is the entire optical field within the diffuser material 12. The material 18 can be aligned. For example, the metal rods within the diffuser material 12 The heads can be aligned in a magnetic field. As an additional example, the diffuser material 12 The elongated particles of the optical material 18 within the whole can be aligned in an electric field.

[0042] This method allows the formed layers (i.e., the first layer, the second layer, and any additional layers) to harden. This may include a step of curing. This curing is performed in an applied field (magnetic field or electric field). The arranged optical materials can be fixed in place. This curing technique is disclosed above.

[0043] This method removes the mold 32 from the formed and hardened layer, as shown in Figure 11. It can also include steps.

[0044] This method involves placing the hybrid diffuser 10 on the substrate 40, as shown in Figure 12. The step may also include the installation step.

[0045] Depending on the application, this method applies a functional coating 38 to a hybrid diffuser. - This may include a step of providing a surface profile of 10. Functional coating 3 8 refers to PVD (physical vapor deposition) and CVD (chemical vapor deposition). r deposition (chemical vapor deposition), layer by layer, ALD (atomic layer deposition) It can be added using deposition processes such as the long method, wet chemical precipitation, sol-gel, etc. Cut.

[0046] In one embodiment, a method for fabricating a hybrid diffuser 10 is disclosed. The method includes the steps of preparing a substrate 40 and a diffuser containing at least one optical material 18. A step of depositing the material 12 using a liquid coating process, the liquid The coating process exhibits a shear force that aligns at least one optical material 18. Steps include; a step of curing the deposited diffuser material 12; and a step of curing the cured diffuser This includes the step of providing a surface profile 16 to the user material 12. The diffuser material 12 can contain elongated particles or rod-shaped liquid crystal polymer. As a result, the resulting hybrid diffuser 10 polarizes the surface diffuser. It can pass through a laser. The elongated particles or rod-shaped liquid crystal polymers are slotted. The shear force generated by the use of todai can be used to align them. Evaporation of any solvent. , and after the diffuser material 12 has hardened, by using a mold, or A surface profile 16 can be formed by embossing.

[0047] example

[0048] Comparative Example 1 - As shown in Figure 13A, the surface diffuser 44 has a surface profile 16 The diffuser material 12 had a flat surface 14 on the opposite side of the surface having the [unclear] surface. This surface diffuser 44 is a microlens-based surface diffuser. As shown in Figure 13B, under coherent illumination, with a detector size of 0.25°, approximately A rectangular field of view with a 37x26 degree angle was generated. Cross sections passing through the x and y axes are shown in Figure 13C. The plane is also shown, where the solid line follows the wider axis and the dotted line follows the narrower axis. There are several distinct forms of uniformity. High-frequency components are emitted due to the presence of speckles (spots). It is present. It is easily identifiable in the image in terms of the lines and stripes that give it its specific scattering structure. Furthermore, low-frequency inhomogeneity was also present.

[0049] Comparative Example 2 - Helps minimize the structures observed in Comparative Example 1 and in Figures 13B and 13C. Therefore, a volumetric diffuser as shown in Figure 14A was prepared. Volumetric diffuser 46 is The diffuser material 12 comprises a diffuser material 12 having a flat surface 14 over its entire surface. The diffuser material contained at least one optical material 18. The volumetric diffuser 14A, as shown in Figure 14B, has a full width at half maximum of 4°, and is Laurent A scattering profile with a t-profile was generated.

[0050] Example 1 - A hybrid diffuser 10 shown in Figure 1 was prepared. The total output is a surface-type diffuser. As a convolution between a diffuser pattern and a volumetric diffuser pattern The calculation is shown in Figure 15A. As shown in Figure 15B, the cross-section passing through the x and y axes is also shown, here The solid line follows the wider axis, and the dotted line follows the narrower axis. Hybrid Diff The final output of the User 10 provided excellent uniformity. Hybrid Diffuser As long as the transmission efficiency of -10 is sufficiently high, the overall transmission efficiency will also be high. As an estimate, surface type diffuse Assuming that the flat surface 14 of the user 44 includes an anti-reflective coating, the surface type The transmission efficiency of diffuser 44 was estimated to be 94%. Total transmission of volumetric diffuser 46 Under the assumption that the overefficiency is 85%, the total configuration of the hybrid diffuser 10 The raw transmission efficiency is probably around 80%.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 - Regarding polarization, the surface-type diffuser 44 shown in Figure 13A is generally... It provides a polarization state for the illumination beam. The volume diffuser 46 shown in Figure 14A is generally The incident illumination beam 28 is changed to a different polarization state. As shown in Figure 16, hybrid The head diffuser 10 consists of metal microrods oriented along the direction indicated by the arrows. It may also contain metal nanorods. The electric field incident on the rods is almost absorbed. Only orthogonal electric fields were transmitted.

[0052] From the above explanation, a person skilled in the art will understand that the teachings of this application can be realized in various forms. This can be interpreted as follows. Therefore, these teachings will be explained in relation to specific embodiments and examples thereof. However, the true scope of the teachings of this application should not be limited in this way. Various changes and modifications can be made without deviating from the instructions.

[0053] The scope of the disclosure should be interpreted broadly. This disclosure covers the devices and operations disclosed herein. , and disclose equivalents, means, systems, and methods for realizing mechanical operation. Intended to be the case for each of the devices, items, methods, means, mechanical elements, or mechanisms disclosed. Accordingly, this disclosure implements many of the embodiments, mechanisms, and apparatus disclosed herein. In its disclosure, it is intended to include and teach equivalents, means, systems, and methods for the purpose of The claims of this application should also be interpreted broadly. The descriptions of the present invention in the embodiments are merely illustrative and therefore do not deviate from the spirit of the invention. Modifications that do not deviate from the present invention are intended to be within the scope of this invention. This should not be considered a deviation from the spirit and scope of the Ming dynasty.

Claims

1. The diffuser material includes a surface having a surface profile and a flat surface on the opposite side of that surface. , and within the entire diffuser material and / or the surface of the diffuser material A hybrid diffuser containing at least one optical material on its profile.

2. Claim 1, wherein the at least one optical material exists in an organic phase, an inorganic phase, or a gas phase. The hybrid diffuser described in [the document].

3. The at least one optical material is an aggregate of particles, and the size of the particles is approximately 20 nm. The hybrid diffuser according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength range is up to approximately 1000 nm.

4. The at least one optical material is oriented, and can be linear, circular, spiral, and combination thereof. A hybrid diffuser according to claim 1, having a shape selected from the combination.

5. The hybrid according to claim 1, wherein the at least one optical material is a liquid crystal polymer. Diffuser.

6. The at least one optical material is present on the surface profile in the form of a protrusion, The protrusion is smaller than the surface profile. The hybrid diffuser according to claim 1.

7. The surface profile is defined by the distribution of the height and size of the scattering centers, The hybrid diffuser described in item 1.

8. Light source and The hybrid diffuser according to claim 1 and A system equipped with [this feature].

9. A method of using the system, The steps include: emitting light from a light source and releasing light from the light source; The light emitted from the light source is used in the hybrid diffuser described in claim 1. The step of receiving light A method that includes this.

10. The aforementioned hybrid diffuser emits light with a modified scattering profile. The method according to claim 9.

11. The aforementioned hybrid diffuser includes a liquid crystal polymer, and the liquid crystal polymer is actively The method according to claim 9, which provides scattering and polarization control.

12. The aforementioned hybrid diffuser includes a metal rod, which is a passive polarizer. The method according to claim 9, which provides and intensity control.

13. A method for creating a hybrid diffuser, The steps include: preparing a mold having a concave surface profile, A first layer of charged optical material is formed on the surface profile of the concave surface of the mold. Steps and The steps include forming a second layer of reverse-charged optical material on the surface of the first layer, and A method that includes this.

14. Add an additional layer of charged optical material to the decharged optical material until a flat surface is obtained. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of alternately adding additional layers.

15. The functional coating is applied to the surface profile of the hybrid diffuser. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of providing.

16. Claim 13 further includes the step of mounting the hybrid diffuser onto a substrate. Methods used.

17. The fields selected from electric fields, electromagnetic fields, magnetic fields, shear fields, gravitational fields, and combinations thereof are used in the aforementioned hive. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of applying to a lid diffuser.

18. The claim further includes the step of curing the formed first layer and the formed second layer. Method 13.

19. A method for creating a hybrid diffuser, The steps include preparing the circuit board and A diffuser material containing at least one optical material is subjected to a liquid coating process. A step of depositing using, wherein the liquid coating process is at A step of applying a shear force to align one optical material, The steps include curing the deposited diffuser material, The steps include providing a surface profile to the cured diffuser material. A method that includes this.

20. The at least one optical material possesses light scattering, electrical and / or magnetic properties, fluorescence properties, and I R - Covers the visible light spectrum (low-energy incident light generates high energy), E Lectrochromic, thermochromic, wavelength-dependent light absorption, thin-film interference, diffraction interference, polarity The method according to claim 19, which provides optical properties selected from light control and combinations thereof.

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