Surgical drill components

Abstract

The objective of the present invention is to provide a device that prevents tissue damage during the formation of a bone perforation. [Solution] The above problem can be solved by a surgical drill member comprising a drill portion, a drive shaft, and a first elastic body between the drill portion and the drive shaft, wherein the drill transmission member of the drill portion and the shaft first transmission member of the drive shaft can engage with each other by a first meshing structure, and the drill transmission member and the shaft first transmission member engage when the drive shaft is pressed forward and a load is applied to the drill tip.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a drill member for surgical operations. According to the present invention, tissue damage can be prevented when forming through holes in bones or the like.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, in fracture surgery or artificial joint replacement surgery, etc., in order to attach a plate or an implant to a bone, a hole may be formed in the bone using a surgical drill (Patent Document 1 or 2).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] For example, when an operator forms a through hole in a patient's bone, it is necessary to immediately stop the rotation of the drill so as not to damage the tissue on the opposite side of the bone at the moment of penetration. The stop of the rotation of this drill depends on the skill of the operator, and inexperienced operators may delay the stop of the rotation of the drill and damage the tissue on the opposite side of the bone with the tip of the drill. An object of the present invention is to provide a device that can prevent tissue damage when forming a through hole in a bone.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] As a result of earnestly researching a device for preventing tissue damage when forming a through hole in a bone, the present inventor has surprisingly found that tissue damage can be easily prevented by meshing a drill portion and a drive shaft with a specific meshing structure. This invention is based on these findings. Therefore, the present invention is [1] A surgical drill member comprising a drill portion, a drive shaft, and a first elastic body between the drill portion and the drive shaft, wherein the drill transmission member of the drill portion and the shaft first transmission member of the drive shaft can engage with each other by a first meshing structure, and the drill transmission member and the shaft first transmission member engage when the drive shaft is pressed forward and a load is applied to the drill tip, [2] The surgical drill member according to [1], wherein the first elastic body is a spring, and the first meshing structure is a meshing structure between the forward projection of the first shaft transmission member of the drive shaft and the contact surface of the projection on the side surface of the drill transmission member of the drill portion. [3] A surgical drill member comprising a drive shaft having a second shaft transmission member distal to a first shaft transmission member, and a second elastic body between the second shaft transmission member and a drill transmission member, wherein the second shaft transmission member and the drill transmission member can engage with each other by a second meshing structure, and when a force is applied to pull the drive shaft backward and leave the drill portion in the workpiece, the second shaft transmission member and the drill transmission member engage with each other by the second meshing structure, as described in [1] or [2], and [4] The surgical drill member according to [3], wherein the second elastic body is a spring, and the second meshing structure is a meshing structure between the rear projection of the drive shaft of the second transmission member at the distal end of the drive shaft and the contact surface of the projection on the side surface of the drill transmission member. Regarding. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to the surgical drill member of the present invention, tissue damage can be easily prevented when forming a perforation hole in bone. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0007] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram showing the components included in the surgical drill member of the present invention. [Figure 2]This is an external view of one embodiment of the surgical drill member of the present invention. [Figure 3] These are cross-sectional views (A) of the inside of the drive shaft cover and (B) of the drill transmission member, which are clearly shown. Cross-sectional views (A) and (B) are cross-sectional views of the drill transmission member from perpendicular planes. [Figure 4] This diagram shows the meshing of the drill transmission member (3) and the first drive shaft transmission member (7) inside the drive shaft cover, excluding the drive shaft cover and the second drive shaft transmission member. (A) shows the state where the first drive shaft transmission member (7) and the drive shaft shaft (6) are visible through the drive shaft cover, and the first drive shaft transmission member (7) and the drill transmission member (3) are not meshed. (B) shows the state where the first drive shaft transmission member (7) and the drive shaft shaft (6) are visible through the drive shaft cover, and the first drive shaft transmission member (7) and the drill transmission member (3) are meshed. (C) is a perspective view showing the first drive shaft transmission member (7) and the drill transmission member (3) meshed. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the meshing of the drill transmission member (3) and the second drive shaft transmission member (8) inside the drive shaft cover, excluding the drive shaft cover, the first drive shaft transmission member, and the first elastic body (spring). (A) shows the state in which the second drive shaft transmission member (8) and the drill transmission member (3) are not meshed. (B) shows the state in which the second drive shaft transmission member (8) and the drill transmission member (3) are meshed. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0008] The surgical drill member of the present invention comprises a drill portion, a drive shaft, and a first elastic body between the drill portion and the drive shaft. Furthermore, the drill transmission member of the drill portion and the first shaft transmission member of the drive shaft can engage with each other by a first meshing structure, and the drill transmission member and the first shaft transmission member engage when the drive shaft is pressed forward and a load is applied to the drill tip. When no load is applied to the drill tip, the first elastic body separates the drill transmission member of the drill portion from the shaft first transmission member of the drive shaft, releasing the first meshing structure. That is, when the drill tip is in contact with the workpiece to be cut, the first meshing structure is formed, and the rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted to the drill portion. On the other hand, when the drill tip is not in contact with the workpiece to be cut, the first elastic body does not form the first meshing structure. Therefore, the rotation of the drive shaft is not transmitted to the drill portion, and the drill portion does not rotate. The direction of rotation when the first meshing structure is formed is not particularly limited, but forward rotation for cutting the workpiece is preferred.

[0009] 《Drill part》 The drill portion included in the surgical drill member of the present invention is not directly coupled to a driving force generating means such as a rotary motor. The driving force (rotation) of the drive shaft is transmitted to the drill portion by meshing with the drive shaft coupled to the driving force generating means through a first meshing structure. Specifically, the driving force (rotation) of the drive shaft is transmitted to the drill portion by meshing with the drill transmission member and the shaft first transmission member. As shown in Figure 1 or 2, the drill portion 1 has a cutting edge 31, and the cutting edge 31 has a tip portion 2. Furthermore, the drill portion 1 has a shaft portion 11 on the opposite side of the tip portion 31. The drill bit can be made from any suitable tough material that is certified for medical use and can retain its cutting edge. A commonly used tough material in medical devices is nitinol (NiTi), an alloy of titanium and nickel.

[0010] Drive shaft The drive shaft 4 included in the surgical drill member of the present invention has a drive shaft first transmission member 7 and a drive shaft shaft 6 coupled to a driving force generating means (Figure 1). The drive shaft first transmission member 7 can transmit the drive of a rotary motor or the like to the drill part 1 by meshing with a drill transmission member 3 located on the shaft portion 11 of the drill part 1. Furthermore, although the drive shaft is not limited, it may also have a drive shaft cover 5 around the drill transmission member 3, and a shaft second transmission member 8 may be provided in front of the drive shaft first transmission member.

[0011] 《First Elastic Body》 A first elastic body 9 exists between the drill transmission member 3 and the drive shaft first transmission member 7. The elastic body is not particularly limited, as long as it can release the engagement between the drill transmission member and the drive shaft first transmission member when no load is applied to the drill tip. Examples of elastic bodies include coil springs and leaf springs. Metal, silicon, or carbon can be used as the material for the elastic body. When the first elastic body 9 is a coil spring, it can be installed around the drill shaft 11 behind the drill transmission member 3, as shown in Figure 3 or 4.

[0012] 《First meshing structure》 The drill transmission member 3 and the drive shaft first transmission member 7 can mesh by a first meshing structure. The first meshing structure is a structure in which the drill transmission member and the shaft first transmission member mesh when the drive shaft is pressed forward and a load is applied to the drill tip. When no load is applied to the drill tip, the first elastic body separates the drill transmission member of the drill portion and the shaft first transmission member of the drive shaft, and the first meshing structure is released. In other words, when the drill tip is applied to the workpiece to be cut and cutting is performed, the first meshing structure is formed and the rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted to the drill portion. On the other hand, when the drill tip is not in contact with the workpiece to be cut, the first elastic body separates the drill transmission member of the drill portion and the shaft first transmission member of the drive shaft, and the first meshing structure is not formed. In this specification, the term "front" means the direction of the tip 2 of the drill part 1 in, for example, the surgical drill member of FIG. 2. The term "rear" means the direction of the drive shaft 6 coupled to the driving force generating means in, for example, the surgical drill member of FIG. 2.

[0013] One embodiment of the meshing structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a first meshing structure between a drill shaft 11 having a drill transmission member 3 and a first transmission member 7 of a drive shaft 4 of the drive shaft. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the meshing of the drill transmission member 3 and the first transmission member 7 of the drive shaft. However, the drive shaft cover 5 and the second transmission member 8 of the drive shaft in FIG. 3 are not shown. In FIGS. 4(A) and (B), the first transmission member 7 of the drive shaft and the drive shaft 6 are shown as perspective views.

[0014] The meshing structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is a meshing structure between a front protruding portion 13 of the first transmission member of the drive shaft and a protruding portion contact surface 12 on the side surface of the drill transmission member of the drill portion. Here, the front protruding portion 13 means a protrusion protruding in the direction of the tip of the drill portion. Although not limited, the first transmission member of the shaft preferably has two front protruding portions 13 corresponding to the two protruding portion contact surfaces 12. FIGS. 3(A) and (B) are cross-sectional views of a state in which the drill transmission member of the drill portion and the first transmission member of the drive shaft are meshed, and the cross-section shows a cross-sectional view perpendicular at 90 degrees in the drill transmission member.

[0015] As shown in Fig. 4(A), when no load is applied to the drill tip, the drill transmission member of the drill part and the first shaft transmission member of the drive shaft are separated by the first elastic body (for example, a coil spring). On the other hand, when the drill tip hits and cuts the cutting object, as shown in Fig. 4(B), the drive shaft is pressed from the rear, and the drill transmission member of the drill part and the first shaft transmission member of the drive shaft come into contact and mesh with each other. Specifically, the protruding part contact surface 12 on the side surface of the drill transmission member meshes with the front protruding part 13 of the first shaft transmission member. As shown in Fig. 4(C), the protruding part contact surface 12 and the front protruding part 13 contact at either the forward rotation contact part 20 or the reverse rotation contact part 21. Usually, in order to transmit forward rotation to the cutting object, at the forward rotation contact part 20, the protruding part contact surface 12 and the front protruding part 13 contact, and the forward rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted. Usually, since the object is not cut during reverse rotation, reverse rotation is not used.

[0016] When a through hole is formed in the object, the load on the drill tip is no longer applied. Therefore, at the moment of penetration, as shown in Fig. 4(A), the meshing between the drill transmission member of the drill part and the drive shaft is released by the first elastic body (for example, a coil spring).

[0017] 《Second Meshing Structure》 The second meshing structure is a meshing structure that acts when forming a through hole in the object and pulling out the drill part 1 from the object. That is, after forming a through hole in the object, when trying to pull out the drill part 3 from the object, a force that causes the drill part to remain in the object is applied. In this case, since the first meshing structure is released, the rotation of the drive shaft 4 is not transmitted to the drill part 3. Therefore, it may be difficult to pull out the surgical drill member of the present invention from the object. The second meshing structure can easily pull out the surgical drill member of the present invention from the object.

[0018] One embodiment of the second meshing structure will be explained using Figure 5. The second meshing structure is such that when a force is applied to pull the drive shaft backward and leave the drill portion in the workpiece, the second meshing member of the shaft and the drill meshing member mesh together. In other words, the second meshing structure is a meshing structure between the rear projection 7 of the second shaft transmission member of the drive shaft and the projection contact surface 12 on the side surface of the drill transmission member of the drill portion. Here, the rear projection 7 refers to the direction of the drive shaft axis 6 that is coupled to the driving force generating means. The second shaft transmission member has one or two rear projections 7 corresponding to the two projection contact surfaces 12. In Figure 5, one rear projection 7 is shown.

[0019] As shown in Figure 5(A), when the drive shaft is not pulled back and no force is applied to the drill portion to leave it in the workpiece (for example, when a load is applied to the tip of the drill), the second elastic body 10 (for example, a coil spring) separates the drill transmission member of the drill portion from the second transmission member of the drive shaft. On the other hand, when the drive shaft is pulled back and a force is applied to leave the drill portion in the workpiece, as shown in Figure 5(B), the second transmission member 8 of the drive shaft is pulled back, and the drill transmission member of the drill portion and the second transmission member of the drive shaft come into contact and mesh. Specifically, the protruding contact surface 12 on the side of the drill transmission member meshes with the rear protruding portion 7 of the second transmission member. In this case, the protruding contact surface 12 and the rear protruding portion 7 come into contact at either a forward rotation contact portion (not shown) or a reverse rotation contact portion (not shown). Normally, reverse rotation is used to pull the drill out of the workpiece. Therefore, at the reverse rotation contact point, the protruding contact surface 12 and the rear protruding portion 7 come into contact, and the reverse rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted. Normally, forward rotation is not used because it is difficult to withdraw the drill portion in that direction.

[0020] "mechanism" The mechanism by which the surgical drill member of the present invention can easily prevent tissue damage when forming a bone penetration hole is presumed to be as follows. However, the present invention is not limited by the following presumption. Conventional surgical drill components consist of a drill bit connected to a drive shaft, and when the drive shaft rotates, the drill bit also rotates. When creating a through-hole in bone using a conventional surgical drill component, there is a risk of damaging tissues such as muscles on the other side of the through-hole at the moment the drill tip penetrates the bone. To prevent this muscle damage, the rotation of the drill should be stopped the moment it penetrates the bone. In other words, if the surgeon stops the rotation of the drill, tissue damage can be prevented. However, stopping the rotation of the drill the moment the drill tip penetrates the bone is not easy and requires skill. In the surgical drill member of the present invention, the drill portion and the drive shaft are normally separated by a first elastic body and are not connected, so the rotation of the drive shaft is not transmitted to the drill portion. However, when the drive shaft is pressed forward and a load is applied to the drill tip, the first elastic body is pressed, the drill transmission member and the shaft first transmission member engage, and the rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted to the drill portion. That is, when the drill tip forms a through hole in the bone, the rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted to the drill portion. At this point, the moment the drill tip penetrates the bone, the load on the drill tip is released and no longer applied. Then, the force of the first elastic body releases the connection between the drill transmission member and the shaft first transmission member. That is, the rotation of the drive shaft is no longer transmitted to the drill portion, and the rotation of the drill stops. Therefore, the rotation of the drill stops automatically without the surgeon having to stop the rotation of the drill, and tissue damage can be prevented. [Industrial applicability]

[0021] The surgical drill member of the present invention can be used to create holes in bone during fracture surgery or artificial joint replacement surgery. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0022] 1. Drill part; 2. The tip of the drill bit; 3. Drill transmission member; 4. Drive shaft; 5. Drive shaft cover; 6. Drive shaft; 7. Drive shaft, first transmission member; 8. Drive shaft second transmission member; 9. First elastic body (spring); 10. Second elastic body (spring); 11...Drill shaft; 12. Contact surface of the protruding portion on the side of the drill transmission member; 13. Forward projection of the first transmission member of the drive shaft; 14. Rearward projection of the second transmission member of the drive shaft; 15. Drill shaft insertion section of the drive shaft; 16. Cylindrical base; 17. Cylindrical distal portion; 18. Protruding part of the cylindrical base; 19. Groove in the distal part of the cylindrical shape; 20...Forward rotation contact portion between the contact surface of the protruding portion of the drill transmission member and the forward protruding portion of the first drive shaft transmission member; 21. The reverse rotation contact portion between the protruding contact surface of the drill transmission member and the forward protruding portion of the first drive shaft transmission member; 31. Teeth.

Claims

1. A surgical drill member comprising a drill portion, a drive shaft, and a first elastic body between the drill portion and the drive shaft, A surgical drill member in which the drill transmission member of the drill portion and the shaft first transmission member of the drive shaft can engage with each other by a first meshing structure, and when the drive shaft is pressed forward and a load is applied to the drill tip, the drill transmission member and the shaft first transmission member engage with each other.

2. The surgical drill member according to claim 1, wherein the first elastic body is a spring, and the first meshing structure is a meshing structure between the forward projection of the first shaft transmission member of the drive shaft and the contact surface of the projection on the side surface of the drill transmission member of the drill portion.

3. A surgical drill member comprising a drive shaft having a second shaft transmission member distal to the first shaft transmission member, and a second elastic body between the second shaft transmission member and the drill transmission member, The second shaft transmission member and the drill transmission member can engage with each other by a second meshing structure, and when a force is applied to pull the drive shaft backward and leave the drill portion in the workpiece, the second shaft transmission member and the drill transmission member engage with each other by the second meshing structure, as described in claim 1 or 2.

4. The surgical drill member according to claim 3, wherein the second elastic body is a spring, and the second meshing structure is a meshing structure between the rearward projection of the drive shaft of the second shaft transmission member at the distal end of the drive shaft and the contact surface of the projection on the side surface of the drill transmission member.

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