Tsunami shelter

Abstract

To provide a tsunami shelter that is easy to construct, requires little time or effort, has a high probability of protecting lives within a predetermined time period from the time of a tsunami, and offers excellent comfort. [Solution] The shelter comprises a main body 102 that is sealed at least at the top and open at the bottom to secure a living space inside, and an outer wall portion 103 that surrounds the main body 102 and is fixed to the ground to interfere with the mechanical effects on the main body 102 from water force and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, wherein the main body is restricted from relative movement with respect to the outer wall portion 103 and is housed within the outer wall portion 103 at a distance from it.

Description

Technical Field

[0004]

[0001] The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter that can be evacuated during the occurrence of a tsunami.

Background Art

[0002] Tsunamis caused by large earthquakes or the like rush towards the land at a terrifying speed and may collapse buildings such as houses. In order to escape from such a tsunami, it is necessary to evacuate to a place higher than the tsunami arrival point. However, it is difficult to evacuate alone in places without high ground nearby, or for children, the elderly, and the disabled. In addition, evacuation facilities are generally provided in remote locations. Considering the speed of the above-mentioned tsunami, not only the elderly and those with difficulty walking but also healthy people and evacuation guides are likely to be left behind. Therefore, it cannot be said to be sufficient as a measure to suppress human casualties during a tsunami.

[0003] In response to such problems, shelters that can be installed near residences have been developed for the purpose of securing an evacuation place that can be evacuated in a short time close to the living environment of residents (see Patent Document 1). The shelter described in Patent Document 1 is composed of a highly airtight outer shell having a living space inside. An opening that allows people to enter and exit is provided on the front side of the side portion of the outer shell, and the living space is provided at a position above the upper end of the opening.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] A shelter like the one described in Patent Document 1 prevents the water level from rising above the top edge of the opening, preventing air from escaping the shelter and thus preventing water from entering the living space, thus enabling survival for a predetermined period of time. However, the shelter itself, including the part that secures the air, needs to be durable against the water pressure of a tsunami and the sediment washed away by the tsunami, which presents problems such as the time and effort required for construction, including the cost of the integrated structure. As a solution, a tsunami shelter that floats with the tsunami using a sealed boat has been developed, but it is inferior in terms of comfort and has been criticized for not ensuring safety.

[0006] This invention was made in response to these problems, and aims to provide a tsunami shelter that does not require much time or effort to construct, including the cost of the structure, can protect human lives with a high probability from the time of the tsunami until a predetermined time has elapsed, and is also highly comfortable. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the aforementioned problems, the tsunami shelter of the present invention is: The shelter comprises a main body that is sealed at least at the top and open at the bottom to secure a living space inside, and an outer wall that surrounds the main body and is fixed to the ground to interfere with the mechanical effects on the main body caused by water force and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, The shelter body is characterized in that its relative movement is restricted with respect to the outer wall and that it is housed within the outer wall at a distance from each other. This design ensures that the outer walls surround the shelter body at a distance from it. As a result, the outer walls absorb the water pressure and impact of debris from a tsunami, preventing direct impact on the shelter body, which is an air-retaining refuge space. This reduces the possibility of air loss from the shelter body. Furthermore, because the shelter body's relative movement is restricted relative to the outer walls, which are fixed to the ground, the shelter body maintains a stable posture, preventing air loss due to tilting during a tsunami.

[0008] The outer surface of the shelter body and the inner surface of the outer wall are arranged in such a way that their movement is restricted to maintain a predetermined distance from each other. This feature ensures that a vertically extending space is reliably secured between the outer surface of the shelter body and the inner surface of the outer wall. Even if the outer wall is damaged by an impact, the impact is less likely to be transmitted to the shelter body, resulting in a high level of safety.

[0009] The shelter body and the outer wall are integrated by adhesive fixing or integral molding, and the shelter body is sealed except for the lower part where the living space and the outside air are in contact, and when the water level rises, compressed air accumulates in the sealed living space at the top of the shelter body, generating buoyancy that causes the shelter body to rise, and the detachment of the shelter body from the outer wall due to the buoyancy is prevented. This feature allows evacuees to remain safely in an air-filled living space for extended periods without being swept away. Furthermore, even when buoyancy is generated only when the water level exceeds the expected level and surpasses the lower point where the living space and the outside air connect within the shelter, the integrated structure of the outer wall and the shelter body prevents the shelter from separating from the outer wall due to buoyancy, thus maintaining an air-filled living space.

[0010] Both the shelter body and the outer wall are characterized by being annular cylindrical bodies. According to these characteristics, the erected cylindrical body has a large second moment of area in the horizontal direction, and because the shelter is a combination of an inner shelter body and an outer outer wall, both of which are cylindrical, it has high durability against the water pressure of tsunami incoming or outgoing waves and the sediment carried away by the tsunami.

[0011] A key feature is that a shock-absorbing material is placed between the outer wall and the shelter body. According to this feature, impact forces acting on the outer wall from the outside are evened out by the shock-absorbing material, and strong localized stresses do not act on the shelter body.

[0012] A key feature is that the outer wall and the shelter body are made of the same material. This feature means that because the material properties of the outer wall and the shelter body are identical, damage can be reduced even if the two come into contact due to deformation of the outer wall.

[0013] The exterior wall and the shelter body are characterized by being made of reinforced fiber plastic. According to these characteristics, reinforced fiber plastic has excellent resilience against strong pressure and instantaneous impulse such as the first wave, and the material for the shelter body and outer walls can be thin yet highly durable, lightweight, and easy to transport.

[0014] The lower end of the shelter body is fixed to the outer wall portion. According to this feature, the tilting of the outer wall caused by a tsunami is greater in the upper part of the outer wall, and since the lower end of the shelter body is fixed to the outer wall, the instantaneous tilting of the upper part of the outer wall does not affect the posture of the shelter body. Therefore, the tilting of the shelter body can be suppressed, and the loss of air inside the shelter body during a tsunami strike can be prevented.

[0015] A key feature is that a buffer material is provided on the outside of the aforementioned outer wall portion. According to this feature, the fluid collides with the buffer material, preventing it from directly hitting the outer wall and thus making it less prone to damage. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0016] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing a tsunami shelter in Example 1. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the assembly procedure for the exterior wall section. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view AA in Figure 1. [Figure 4]It is an image diagram showing a state where a tsunami shelter is exposed to a tsunami. [Figure 5] It is an image diagram showing a state where the water level around the tsunami shelter has dropped and sediment has accumulated around it. [Figure 6] It is a perspective view showing the tsunami shelter in Example 2. [Figure 7] It is a perspective view of the cover used for the tsunami shelter in Example 2. [Figure 8] It is a perspective view showing the tsunami shelter in Example 3. [Figure 9] It is an assembly diagram of the tsunami shelter in Fig. 8. [Figure 10] It is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B - B of Fig. 8. [Figure 11] It is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of Fig. 10. <000​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​The embodiments for implementing the tsunami shelter according to the present invention will be described below based on examples. [Examples]

[0018] The tsunami shelter according to Example 1 will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. Reference numeral 1 in Figure 1 denotes the tsunami shelter to which the present invention is applied (hereinafter referred to as the shelter). The shelter 1 is an evacuation shelter mainly placed near a residence (not shown) built along the coast, and is mainly composed of a shelter body 2 and an outer wall 3 that supports the shelter body 2.

[0019] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the shelter body 2 is made of relatively lightweight plastic, and to provide a sense of security to people and animals inside the living space S, it is appropriate to use light-transmitting plastic for at least the top surface. It is mainly integrally formed from plastics such as PE, PP, PC, and PVC, with the upper end forming a dome-shaped, roughly bell-like shape, and the top surface being roughly circular in plan view. However, a flat top surface is also acceptable instead of a dome shape. The bottom of the shelter body 2 is open, and the floor plate 4, which constitutes the floor area where evacuees in the living space temporarily wait, is supported by support fittings AA extending from the outer wall 3 or the ground supporting the outer wall 3, which will be described later. The living space S extends above the floor plate 4. As mentioned above, the shelter body 2 does not have to have a dome-shaped, roughly bell-like upper end, but can be cylindrical overall, i.e., shaped like an inverted bucket. In this way, by making the shelter body 2 out of plastic, if people cannot easily get out of the shelter body 2's exit after a tsunami, they can be rescued by cutting the plastic. While the shelter body 2 is made of plastic, any material weaker than the outer wall 3 (metal, concrete, FRP, thick plastic, etc.) would be easier to break during rescue, thus facilitating rescue. Polyethylene (PE) is stable to acids and alkalis, and while low molecular weight polyethylene swells in hydrocarbon solvents, high molecular weight polyethylene has excellent chemical resistance and sufficient strength, making it suitable as a material for the shelter body 2. Furthermore, polyethylene (PE) is also suitable as a material for the shelter body 2, which is likely to be exposed to sunlight from above.

[0020] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, the floorboard 4 has a cylindrical portion 5 extending from its perimeter below the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter body 2, and the hollow space of the cylindrical portion 5 is in communication with the living space S. A notch 4a is formed in the floorboard 4, and this notch 4a of the floorboard 4 and the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 form an entrance 6 to the living space S. The living space S of the shelter body 2 is airtight, with no ventilation openings above except for this entrance 6 and the gap between the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 and the floorboard 4. In addition, it is possible to easily enter the living space S by placing a ladder or the like over the entrance 6 as needed. Regarding the installation of the floorboard 4, it may be a structure integrated with the bottom plate 34 without using the support bracket AA.

[0021] The floorboard 4 is positioned at least above the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7, and the shelter body 2 has a raised structure with space below the floorboard 4. The lower passage 8 is formed as a space that is below the floorboard 4 that constitutes the floor and is open downwards to near the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7. Because such a large shelter body 2 is integrally formed using a rotational molding method, air leakage from inside the shelter body 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0022] A protruding ridge (protrusion) 9 is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall 7. The protruding ridge 9 has a longitudinal length along the circumferential direction (not shown here) and cooperates with the support portion 17. In addition, a projection 11 is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall 7, spaced apart from the protruding ridge 9 in the circumferential direction and projecting outward. The function of this protruding ridge (protrusion) 9 and projection 11 is to be used as stoppers to prevent the shelter body 2 from rotating and falling when the shelter body 2 is installed after the outer wall is constructed. By lowering the shelter body 2 through the opening 20 at the top of the outer wall 3, the support portion 17 and the protruding ridge (protrusion) 9 come into contact and are positioned. An opening 20 is formed in the upper part of the outer wall surrounding the shelter body, and protective means 19 that covers the shelter body 2 from above is attached to the opening 20. This protective means 19, which covers the opening 20 at the top of the outer wall section 3, effectively protects the upper part of the shelter body 2, which is made of relatively lightweight and weak material such as plastic, from flowing debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis. Furthermore, since the shelter body 2 and the opening 20 provided at the top of the outer wall section 3 are movable vertically, maintenance of the interior of the shelter body 2 and the outer wall section 3 can be easily performed by removing the protective means 19.

[0023] The upper end of the shelter body 2 is provided with a handle-shaped suspension support 12. A crane hook of a crane, etc., which will be described later, can be attached to the suspension support 12.

[0024] The outer wall section 3 is mainly constructed as a combination of concrete segmented sections 333, but reinforcing bars and reinforcing plastics may be used to reinforce its strength. Thus, the outer wall section 3 consists of multiple segmented sections 333, which are combined to form a ring shape and create an upper opening 3a. Each segmented section 333 has an upright section 13 and a base section 14 that extends outward from the lower end of the upright section 13. In addition, at least one of the segmented sections 333 has a communication opening 16 formed in a part of the upright section 13, and a passage 3A extending upward along the outer wall section 3 is provided. This passage 3A is covered with a cover 3B, and a ladder 3C extending upward is provided inside the cover 3B. The inner edge shape formed by the upright section 13 is substantially the same as the outer edge shape of the peripheral wall section 7 of the shelter body 2, and is formed to be slightly larger than the peripheral wall section 7 of the shelter body 2. In other words, the shelter body 2 is loosely fitted inside the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3. In this embodiment, the passage 3A is covered by the cover 3B, but the passage 3A may also be formed by creating a recess or protrusion in the vertical direction between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3, as long as the passage 3A is not blocked or damaged by rubble.

[0025] Furthermore, on the upright portion 13 of the divided body 333 of the outer wall portion 3, a locking portion 18 is formed on a part of the inner circumferential surface, spaced apart from the convex portion 9 in the circumferential direction. The locking portion 18 is composed of a pair of guide portions 18a, 18a that extend parallel to each other in the vertical direction on the inner circumferential surface. The guide portions 18a, 18a are spaced apart from each other, slightly larger than the circumferential dimension of the protrusion 11 formed on the circumferential wall portion 7 of the shelter body 2, and the relative phase of the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 is positioned by the placement of the protrusion 11 between the guide portions 18a, 18a. The protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 function as a means of restricting rotation between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3. Note that if the shelter body 2 is not circular in plan view, or if the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 have shapes that restrict rotation from each other, the protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 that constitute this rotation restricting means may be omitted.

[0026] The approach section 15 is connected to a communication opening 16 formed in the upright section 13 of the outer wall section 3, facilitating entry and exit of people, and also serving as a drainage channel for water that tends to accumulate in the base plate 34, which is a foundation that reinforces the ground (soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground). In this invention, these solid parts including soil present in the ground GL are referred to as the ground, etc.

[0027] The shelter body 2 is open at the bottom, and the floor plate 4, which constitutes the floor area where evacuees temporarily wait in the living space, is fixed to the outer wall 3 or the base plate 34, which is a foundation that reinforces the ground supporting the outer wall 3 (soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground), and is supported by support fittings AA that extend upward.

[0028] As described above, the structure containing the living space and the protective structure are constructed as separate entities; that is, the shelter body 2 and the outer wall section 3 are separate structures. Therefore, the construction of the shelter 1, including the cost of the structure, is quick and easy, and maintenance is also made simpler. Furthermore, because the shelter body 2 and the outer wall section 3 are separate structures, and the suspension support section 12 at the upper end of the shelter body 2 can be hooked onto a crane hook or the like to allow for vertical movement, maintenance of the shelter body 2 is made easy, not only during construction and rescue. In addition, by constructing the outer wall section 3 as a segmented body 333 that can be attached and detached with bolts, maintenance of the outer wall section 3 is made easier.

[0029] Next, we will explain assuming an actual tsunami strikes. Here, we will assume that the initial incoming wave reaching Shelter 1 hits it from the right side of the screen in Figure 4, and the receding wave, which returns after some time has passed since the water flowed over Shelter 1, hits Shelter 1 from the left side of the screen in Figure 4.

[0030] Users who detect the approach of a tsunami due to a tsunami warning or other means can evacuate into the living space S through the communication opening 16 formed in the upright section of the outer wall 3, the lower passage 8 beneath the shelter body 2, or the entrances 6 formed around the floorboard 4.

[0031] The incoming and outgoing waves of the tsunami reaching the shelter 1 collide with the upright portion 13 of the high-strength outer wall 3, preventing damage to the shelter body 2 installed inside the upright portion 13. Furthermore, because the upright portion 13 of the outer wall 3 is circular in plan view, regardless of the direction from which the incoming waves from the sea and the outgoing waves from the mountain collide, the water flow is divided into two directions as it circles around the upright portion. This reduces the force directly acting on the shelter 1 due to the incoming tsunami waves, making it difficult for vortices to form and the outer wall 3 to be swept away. As a result, the fluid resistance of the water is reduced, and the possibility of damage to the outer wall 3 itself is low. An opening 20 is formed in the upper part of the outer wall surrounding the shelter body, and a protective means 19 that covers the shelter body 2 from above is attached to the opening 20. This protective means 19, which covers the opening 20 at the top of the outer wall section 3, effectively protects the upper part of the shelter body 2, which is made of a relatively lightweight and low-strength material such as plastic, from flowing debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis. Furthermore, since the shelter body 2 and the opening 20 provided at the top of the outer wall section 3 are movable or removable in the vertical direction, maintenance of the interior of the shelter body 2 and the outer wall section 3 is made easier by removing the protective means 19. Although the protective means 19 is shown as a grid made of metal or the like, it can be any shape that protects the shelter body 2 from damage, such as a flat plate lid, sheet, or net. To prevent the accumulation of daily debris, a relatively sealed cover lid or sheet is suitable. To prevent damage to the shelter body 2 from sunlight from above, a material with at least ultraviolet protection is preferable. The protective means 19 is not limited to a shape that covers up to the top of the outer wall section 3, but may also be installed inside the opening at the top of the outer wall section 3.

[0032] Furthermore, since the outer wall section 3 is enclosed by the upright section 13, that is, the space supporting the shelter body 2 is open at the bottom by the approach section 15, seawater that flows in between the shelter body 2 and the upright section 13 of the outer wall section 3 can be quickly discharged to the outside.

[0033] Furthermore, even if the shelter body 2 temporarily floats due to buoyancy when the water level rises, a protective means 19 that covers the shelter body 2 from above is fixed to the outer wall 3 by a locking means B at the opening 20. That is, the bolts acting as the locking means B are attached by screw fixing to the engagement holes of the upright portion 13 of the outer wall 3, suppressing the rise of the protective means 19. As a result, the shelter body 2 is also prevented from floating up from the outer wall 3. Sandbags can also be attached to the lower part of the shelter body 2 to temporarily stop the rise of the shelter body 2 due to buoyancy, etc. Alternatively, wire mesh may be firmly laid on the outer wall 3 above the shelter body 2 as the protective means 19 and removed during rescue. If evacuees inside can destroy the shelter body 2 themselves when escaping, a locking release means can be provided that allows the locking means (e.g., bolts or hooks) that prevents the movement of the protective means 19 from the inside, even from inside the outer wall 3.

[0034] Furthermore, the protrusions 11 formed on the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter body 2 are positioned between guide portions formed on the inner circumferential surface of the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, thereby restricting the rotation of the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3. This prevents the shelter body 2 from rotating relative to the outer wall portion 3 when a tsunami strikes, resulting in superior habitability in the living space S.

[0035] Figure 5 shows the area approximately three hours after the first wave of the tsunami had receded, with sediment carried by the tsunami accumulating around Shelter 1.

[0036] It is preferable for users to notify rescue teams of their location by sending a distress signal using a communication terminal or similar device within their living space. Once the rescue team confirms the presence of shelter 1, they remove the protective means 19, and then hook the crane hook CF of crane C onto the suspension support 12 at the upper end of the shelter body 2 and lift it. This allows the shelter body 2 to be moved upward away from the outer wall 3, enabling evacuees to be guided outside.

[0037] Furthermore, it is recommended that the shelter body 2 be installed inside the outer wall section 3 such that its upper end is located below the protective means 19 and the upper end 13a of the outer wall section 3. This ensures that the outer wall section 3, which is supported by the ground, can reliably protect the shelter body 2 from the pressure of the tsunami and the impact of debris and other flowing objects carried away by the tsunami.

[0038] In this embodiment, the outer wall section 3 is made of concrete, allowing it to withstand the pressure of tsunamis and collisions with debris, buildings, and ships swept away by tsunamis using a simple construction method. In contrast, the shelter body 2 is mainly made of plastic, allowing it to be made lightweight and reducing the external force required to lift it upwards. Because the outer wall section 3 and the shelter body 2 can be combined to form a simple structure, the shelter 1 can be quickly constructed in areas where tsunamis are a concern. In particular, plastic is easy to cut with a cutting machine, enabling rapid rescue operations. Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is also easy to maintain. [Examples]

[0039] Similar to Embodiment 1, the outer wall section 3 is fixed to the concrete foundation base plate 34 with fixing materials such as anchor bolts A to ensure its strength, and the annular outer wall section 3 is mainly composed of a combination of concrete segmented sections 333. In this embodiment, at least one of the segmented sections 333 has a communication opening 16 below the upright section 13. Alternatively, all segmented sections 333 may be the same, and the communication opening 16 may be formed between the segmented sections 333.

[0040] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, a cover body 23B made of metal or a similar material that is easy to process and has high strength is installed above the communication opening 16, and is secured to the upper end of the outer wall 3 by a locking part K. Side plates 23D extend vertically above and below, surrounding the evacuation passage 23A. A ladder 23C extending upward is provided inside the cover body 23B. In this way, a passage 23A covered by the cover body 23B is formed on the outer wall 3 outside the shelter body 2, and the cover body 23B prevents the passage from being blocked by rubble or damaged, so that a person can climb up to the upper end of the outer wall 3 by using the ladder 3C provided on the outer wall 3.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configurations are not limited to these embodiments, and any changes or additions that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are also included.

[0042] The exterior wall portion of the above embodiment is not limited to being supported by a base plate made of exposed concrete poured on the ground surface or a base plate 34 made of concrete poured into the ground, but may also be supported and fixed to an existing structure such as the ground or the roof of a building with anchor bolts. Furthermore, it is possible to use the strength of the breakwater wall of the quay as the strength of the exterior wall portion and construct a tsunami shelter close to the breakwater.

[0043] Furthermore, the exterior wall portion is not limited to being formed of reinforced concrete, but may also be formed of metal or synthetic resin, for example. That is, instead of the concrete exterior wall portion (divided portion) 333, the exterior wall portion 3 may be constructed using a metal plate exterior wall portion (divided portion) 333 or a synthetic resin exterior wall portion (divided portion) 333. Similarly, the shelter body may be formed of metal such as aluminum, not limited to plastic, and if a light-transmitting material such as PP or PC is used, external light can be brought into the shelter because the upper part of the exterior wall portion is open.

[0044] Furthermore, the shelter body and outer wall are not limited to being approximately circular in shape when viewed from above; for example, they may be elliptical or rectangular, and the shelter body and outer wall are not limited to being identical in shape when viewed from above.

[0045] Furthermore, the structure of the shelter body 2 is not limited as long as at least the upper part is sealed and a living space is secured inside. For example, multiple entrances may be formed below the living space. Also, providing doors at each opening is effective in preventing the intrusion of rubble and water. [Examples]

[0046] The tsunami shelter according to Example 3 will be described with reference to Figures 8 to 14. In Examples 3 to 7 below, detailed explanations may be omitted for components and parts that are the same as those in Examples 1 and 2, by using the same reference numerals as in Examples 1 and 2, or by adding 100 to them.

[0047] As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the tsunami shelter 101 (hereinafter referred to as shelter 101) as Embodiment 3 is an evacuation shelter mainly placed near a house (not shown) built along the coast. It mainly consists of a shelter body 102, an outer wall 103 that supports the shelter body 102, a floorboard 104 that serves as the floor, and an evacuation route cover 123 fixed to the outer wall 103. Each of these components is made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) formed by laminating fibers and polyester resin. The shelter 101 is about 2 to 3 meters high. Note that other resins such as epoxy resin may be used instead of polyester resin.

[0048] In this embodiment, the shelter 101 is shown as being located near a house (not shown) built along the coast. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may also be located near houses built in areas where tsunamis are expected to reach, even if they are a predetermined distance (for example, about 5 to 15 km) from the coast. Furthermore, it is preferable to install them not only near houses, but also near public facilities such as parks, shops, and parking lots.

[0049] Referring to Figures 8 and 10, the shelter body 102 is suitable to be made of plastic, and in order to provide a sense of security to people and animals in the internal living space S, it is suitable to use light-transmitting plastic for at least the upper surface. Specifically, fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) is used as the plastic. The shelter body 102 is integrally formed from fiber-reinforced plastic and has a dome-shaped, roughly bell-like shape with a cylindrical tubular part 112a and an upper wall part 112b that closes the opening at the upper end of the tubular part 112a, and is roughly circular in plan view. The bottom of the shelter body 102 is open, and a floor plate 104 that constitutes the floor is fixed to the lower end. The floor plate 104 is also supported by the outer wall part 103 as will be described in detail later.

[0050] Above the floorboard 104, a living space S extends, allowing evacuees to take refuge within this space. The living space S inside the shelter body 102 is airtight, with no ventilation openings except for the notch 104a in the floorboard 104. The shelter body 102 does not have a dome-shaped, roughly bell-shaped upper wall 112b; the entire structure may be a bottomed cylinder or an inverted bucket.

[0051] The outer wall section 103 is a flanged cylindrical shape formed from a single plate-like body, and comprises a cylindrical upright section 113 and a flange-shaped base section 114 extending outward from the lower end of the upright section 113. In addition, a portion of the lower part of the upright section 113 is cut out, forming a notch 116 through which evacuees can enter and exit. An evacuation route cover 123 extending upward is attached to the outer surface of the outer wall section 103 at a position corresponding to the notch 116.

[0052] Furthermore, the outer wall section 103 has an open space at the bottom, such as a notch 116, within the space surrounded by the upright section 113, that is, the space supporting the shelter body 102. The top surface is also open, allowing seawater that flows between the shelter body 102 and the upright section 113 of the outer wall section 103 to be quickly discharged to the outside through the notch 116.

[0053] The shelter body 102 is loosely fitted inside the upright portion 113 of the outer wall portion 103, and a space V is formed circumferentially between the cylindrical portion 112 of the shelter body 102, which is roughly annular in plan view and extends vertically. Specifically, as shown in Figure 10, the shelter body 102 is positioned inside the upright portion 113 of the outer wall portion 103 so that the cylindrical portion 112 is concentric with the upright portion 113, so the distance between the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 112 and the inner surface of the upright portion 113 is roughly uniform in both the vertical and circumferential directions. Furthermore, the space V is partitioned by the outside of the shelter body 102, the inside of the outer wall portion 103, and the upper surface of the flange portion 104D of the floor plate 104, and is open at the top. In addition, a space V1 is formed between the upper part of the shelter body 102 and the upper inner part of the upright portion 113 of the outer wall portion 103.

[0054] In this way, the shelter body 102 is housed (loosely fitted) within the outer wall 103 at a distance from each other, making it difficult for external forces to act on the shelter body 102, which holds air inside, thus reducing the possibility of damage to the shelter body 102. Furthermore, a vertically extending space V is formed between the outer wall 103 and the shelter body 102, creating a so-called multi-layer structure, which provides excellent insulation, making it difficult for external heat to transfer into the shelter body 102, and making it easier to maintain a suitable temperature inside the shelter body 102.

[0055] As shown in Figures 9, 11, and 12, the floor plate 104 is composed of a bottomed cylindrical floor body portion 104A that has a roughly hat-shaped cross-section, and a flange portion 104D that extends outward from the lower end of the floor body portion 104A. A rectangular notch 104a is formed that extends outward from the center of the floor body portion 104A to the flange portion 104D on the evacuation route cover 123 side. The floor body portion 104A is formed from a disc-shaped horizontal plate portion 104B and a cylindrical vertical wall portion 104C. Because the floor plate 104 has a roughly hat-shaped cross-section, it has high bending strength.

[0056] Multiple drain holes 104h are formed in the flange portion 104D, spaced apart in the circumferential direction. By providing the drain holes 104h, water is less likely to accumulate in the flange portion 104D due to rainfall, etc. Furthermore, since a notch 104a is formed in a part of the flange portion 104D, as shown in Figure 10, water that falls onto the flange portion 104D through the space V between the shelter body 102 and the outer wall portion 103 is guided toward the notch 104a and falls from both ends of the notch 104a, so it does not accumulate on the flange portion 104D. However, by providing multiple drain holes 104h as described above, or by sloping the upper surface of the flange portion 104D downward toward the notch 104a, water on the upper surface of the flange portion 104D can be discharged downward. Also, although an example in which drain holes 104h are formed was described in Embodiment 3, it is not necessary to provide drain holes.

[0057] The floorboard 104, configured in this way, is fixed by adhesive at a position slightly below the approximate center in the vertical direction of the outer wall section 103, thereby creating a space T below the opening at the lower end of the shelter body 102 and below the floorboard 104. Furthermore, the notch 104a formed in the floorboard 104 and the notch 116 at the lower end of the outer wall section 103 form an entrance to the living space S.

[0058] The notch 104a in the floorboard 104 can be closed with a cover (not shown). Therefore, as shown by the dashed line in Figure 10, evacuees can enter the interior of the outer wall 103 from the outside of the outer wall 103 by passing through the notches 123F and 116, and then enter the living space S by climbing up through the notch 104a. After that, by closing the notch 104a with a cover (not shown), evacuees can sit on the cover that has closed the notch 104a, and water can be prevented from entering the living space S while they are evacuated and waiting.

[0059] As shown in Figure 8, the evacuation route cover 123 has a U-shape in plan view, consisting of a bottom surface 123B and two side surfaces 123D, 123D. The lower part of the bottom surface 123B is cut out in a rectangular shape, similar to the cutout 116, forming a cutout 123F. The side surfaces 123D, 123D of the evacuation route cover 123 are arranged from the upper end to the lower end of the outer wall section 103, and the space formed between the evacuation route cover 123 and the outer surface of the outer wall section 103 serves as an evacuation passage 123A.

[0060] In this embodiment, the passageway 123A is partitioned by the evacuation route cover 123 and the outer wall 103. However, a passageway may also be formed between the shelter body 102 and the outer wall 103 as a space that extends vertically and is large enough for a person to move through, without using the evacuation route cover.

[0061] The upper end of the ladder 123C can be placed on the upper end of the outer wall section 103. The outer wall section 103, which is positioned further outward than the shelter body 102, has a passage 123A covered by an escape route cover 123. The escape route cover 123 prevents the passage from being blocked by rubble or damaged, so a person can climb up to the upper end of the outer wall section 103 by using the ladder 123C placed on the outer wall section 103. The ladder 123C may also be placed on the upper end of the escape route cover 123 instead of the outer wall section 103.

[0062] The evacuation route cover 123 serves to protect the evacuation route from soil and other debris, and also acts as a vent for introducing outside air into the living space S of the shelter body 102. For example, even if the notch 123F is blocked, outside air from above the outer wall 103 can be introduced into the living space S through the passage 123A and the notch 116.

[0063] In this embodiment 3, each component of the shelter body 102, outer wall 103, floor plate 104, and evacuation route cover 123 is made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) formed by laminating glass fibers and polyester resin, with a thickness of approximately 3 to 10 mm. Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) has high bending strength and bending modulus (for example, in the case of a laminate with a glass content of 30 percent, the bending strength is 216 MPa and the bending modulus is 9.8 GPa), and it can deflect the impact of a tsunami by deformation and recover, making it suitable for outer walls. It is desirable that the outer wall 103 and floor plate 104 be thicker than the shelter body 102. By constructing each component from fiber-reinforced plastic in this way, the shelter 101 can be made lightweight and highly rigid. The first wave of a tsunami generates an impact with a strong impulse Ft, but it is an instantaneous impulse and the force can be released by deformation. Furthermore, each component, including the shelter body 102, outer wall section 103, floorboard 104, and escape route cover 123, can be easily molded using the same material, and as will be described later, each component can be easily assembled into a single unit.

[0064] Furthermore, each component of the shelter body 102, outer wall 103, floorboard 104, and escape route cover 123 may be manufactured individually by laminating glass fiber and polyester resin, or they may be manufactured integrally by molding fiber-reinforced plastic using mold injection. In addition, each component of the shelter body 102, outer wall 103, floorboard 104, and escape route cover 123 is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), but at least one of these components may be made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) instead of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), and the resin may be made of epoxy resin or the like instead of polyester resin. Furthermore, at least one of these components may be made of a resin other than glass fiber reinforced plastic or a material other than resin (for example, metal such as aluminum or concrete).

[0065] Furthermore, each component, the shelter body 102, the outer wall section 103, the floorboard 104, and the evacuation route cover 123, is molded individually, and these components are integrated by adhesive bonding, thereby increasing the strength of the unit, including the outer wall, and enabling it to withstand the deformation forces of a tsunami. In addition, because each component, the shelter body 102, the outer wall section 103, the floorboard 104, and the evacuation route cover 123, is pre-integrated, at the installation site, construction is completed by fixing the outer wall section 103 to the foundation 134 with anchor bolts 10A.

[0066] As shown in Figures 8 and 10, the shelter 101 is fitted with buffer material to act as a fender. Specifically, after the shelter 101 is fixed in place, buffer material 151 is attached to the outer perimeter of the outer wall section 103.

[0067] The cushioning material 151 has a shape that is approximately an 1 / 8 arc along the outer circumference of the outer wall 103 when viewed from the front, and rectangular when viewed from the side. In this embodiment, it is sized so that three pieces can be arranged vertically and seven pieces can be arranged circumferentially on the outer wall 3, and three pieces of cushioning material 151 are installed in a height-direction of 3x4 within a 180° range on the seaward side of the outer wall 3. The size and number of cushioning materials 151 (including zero pieces) are not limited to this. If it does not hinder transportability and can protect the shelter 101 from collisions with rubble and floating objects, for example, a single piece of cushioning material in the height direction may be installed. Since the cushioning material 151 is divided into segments, it is easy to replace if deterioration or damage occurs, and it has excellent maintainability.

[0068] The cushioning material 151 plays a role in mitigating the impact when debris or floating objects collide with it, and is suitable for use with foamed resin or rubber. In this embodiment, expanded polystyrene (EPS) is used as the cushioning material. The surface is coated to prevent deterioration of the EPS due to ultraviolet rays.

[0069] Next, the assembly procedure for shelter 101 will be explained using Figures 9 to 12. First, each component, the shelter body 102, outer wall 103, floorboard 104, and escape route cover 123, is molded individually. Then, these components are assembled as shown in Figure 9 and bonded together with adhesive to form the shelter 101.

[0070] Referring to Figure 12(a), the floorboard 104 is bonded to the inside of the outer wall portion 103, above the notch 116 (see Figure 11), with adhesive D. Specifically, glass fiber and polyester resin are laminated as adhesive D to the outer edge and bottom surface of the flange portion 104D of the floorboard 104 and the inner surface of the outer wall portion 103, and glass fiber and polyester resin are laminated as adhesive D to the top surface of the flange portion 104D of the floorboard 104 and the inner surface of the outer wall portion 103, thereby bonding and fixing the floorboard 104 and the outer wall portion 103 in the circumferential direction.

[0071] Furthermore, the shelter body 102 is bonded to the floorboard 104 with adhesive D. Specifically, glass fiber and polyester resin are laminated as adhesive D on the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the shelter body 102 and the upper surface of the flange portion 104D of the floorboard 104, and glass fiber and polyester resin are laminated as adhesive D on the inner peripheral surface of the shelter body 102 and the upper surface of the horizontal plate portion 104B and the outer peripheral surface of the vertical wall portion 104C of the floorboard 104, thereby fixing the shelter body 102 to the floorboard 104. Although an example in which the adhesive D is provided in the circumferential direction has been described, it may also be scattered in the circumferential direction.

[0072] As shown in Figure 11, when the floor plate 104, which is integrated with the lower part of the shelter body 102, is fixed to the inner surface of the outer wall portion 103, the lower end surface 102c of the shelter body 102 is positioned at a location P1 slightly above the notch 116 formed in the outer wall portion 103. Furthermore, the floor plate 104 is positioned such that at least the upper surface of the horizontal plate portion 104B on which evacuees can stand is located at a location P2 above the lower end surface 102c of the shelter body 102.

[0073] Therefore, as shown in Figure 13, even if the living space S is submerged up to below the floorboard 104, the internal air of the living space S is compressed to a certain extent, increasing the air pressure and counteracting the water pressure of the infiltrating water. As a result, the water level does not exceed position P1 (see Figure 11), and the living space S is not flooded. In addition, since the horizontal plate portion 104B of the floorboard 104 constituting the living space S is formed to be reliably above position P1 of the lower end surface 102c of the shelter body 102, flooding into the living space S is more reliably prevented. Furthermore, as the air inside the living space S is further compressed as the water level rises, it is expected that the water level below the living space S will rise even further above position P1. Therefore, it is preferable that the upper surface of the horizontal plate portion 104B be positioned above position P1.

[0074] Furthermore, since the shelter body 102, the outer wall section 103, and the floorboard 104 are fixed and integrated by adhesive, the relative movement of the shelter body 102 in the vertical, horizontal, and circumferential directions is restricted relative to the floorboard 104 and the outer wall section 103 when the shelter body 102 is housed separately within the outer wall section 103. In other words, the shelter 101 does not have a pre-installed buoyancy chamber, and buoyancy is only generated in the shelter body 102 when the water level rises. However, even when buoyancy is generated, the restriction of relative movement relative to the outer wall section 103 prevents the shelter body 102 from floating upward and detaching from the upper opening of the outer wall section 103. In addition, the impact of rubble or floating debris colliding with the outer wall section 103 prevents the shelter body 102 from tilting forward, backward, left, or right, thus preventing air from leaking out of the living space S. Therefore, evacuees can wait inside with peace of mind.

[0075] Furthermore, since the shelter 101 forms a living space S within the shelter body 102 based on the principle of air pockets, if the lower part of the shelter body 102 is submerged in water and the shelter body 102 tilts, the annular lower end surface 102c, that is, the opening at the lower end of the shelter body 102, will tilt with respect to the horizontal plane. As a result, air from inside the living space S will flow out to the outside, and water will penetrate up to the uppermost part of the inclination of the annular lower end surface 102c. Therefore, it is preferable that the shelter body 102 be fixed to the outer wall portion 103 so that the opening at the lower end is held approximately horizontal.

[0076] Furthermore, at a water level up to position P1, which is the height of the floorboard 104, the air in space T is in communication with the outside through the notch 104a, etc., and the air in the living space S above the floorboard 104 is not blocked, so no buoyancy acts. Therefore, the mechanism is fundamentally different from conventional structures where buoyancy is at work, and a structure is adopted that provides a raised floor (for example, about 80 cm) that does not move up and down to prevent evacuees from losing their footing.

[0077] Next, although not specifically shown in the figures, the evacuation route cover 123 is fixed to the outer surface of the outer wall portion 103 by laminating glass fiber and polyester resin as adhesive D between the inner and outer surfaces of the sides 123D and 123D and the outer surface of the outer wall portion 103.

[0078] Furthermore, while an example using glass fiber and polyester resin as adhesive D has been described, it is not necessary to include glass fiber, and resins other than polyester resin or adhesives other than resins may also be used. In addition, from the viewpoint of adhesion, it is preferable that the glass fiber and polyester resin used as adhesive D are the same glass fiber and polyester resin used when forming the floorboard 104 or the exterior wall portion 103.

[0079] Furthermore, although the shelter body 102 is fixed to the outer wall 103 via the floor plate 104, it may also be fixed directly to the outer wall 103 without using the floor plate 104. In this embodiment, the floor plate 104, which is smaller in outer diameter and thinner than the shelter body 102, is fixed to the outer wall 103, resulting in high positioning accuracy and high adhesive fixing strength.

[0080] Furthermore, since the floorboard 104 is positioned to cover the cylindrical outer wall portion 103, the strength of the outer wall portion 103 is increased, making it less susceptible to deformation.

[0081] In this embodiment 3, the floorboard 104 and the shelter body 102 are fixed to the outer wall 103 at one point in the integrated structure. Therefore, even if the outer wall 103 is deflected by an external force such as a tsunami, the force is less likely to be transmitted to the shelter body 102, and the stability within the living space S is maintained.

[0082] Furthermore, the lower part of the structure, which integrates the floorboard 104 and the shelter body 102, is fixed slightly below the vertical center of the outer wall section 103. When evacuees take refuge in the living space S, their weight is positioned near the floorboard 104. The vertical center of the combined load of the structure and the evacuees is close in the vertical direction to the fixing point between the structure and the outer wall section 103, resulting in excellent support stability.

[0083] Furthermore, referring to Figures 11 and 12, since the lower end of the shelter body 102 is fitted onto the floor body portion 104A of the floorboard 104, even if the adhesive between the floorboard 104 and the shelter body 102 comes undone, the horizontal movement of the shelter body 102 is restricted by the floor body portion 104A, so that the shelter body 102 does not come into contact with the outer wall portion 103.

[0084] Referring to Figure 13, the incoming and outgoing waves of the tsunami reaching the shelter 101 strike the upright portion 113 of the high-strength outer wall 103, preventing damage to the shelter body 102 installed inside the upright portion 113. More specifically, since a buffer material 151 is attached to the outer wall 103, damage to the outer wall 103 is further prevented.

[0085] Furthermore, even if the outer wall section 103 is subjected to external forces such as tsunamis and bends, the shelter body 102 is less susceptible to external forces. In other words, even if the outer wall section 103 is destroyed, the destructive force will not reach the shelter body 102, which is located across the space V.

[0086] Furthermore, since the upright portion 113 of the outer wall 103 is circular in plan view, regardless of the direction from which incoming waves from the sea and outgoing waves returning from the mountain collide, the water flow is divided into two directions by the upright portion as it flows around it. This reduces the force directly acting on the shelter 101 due to the incoming waves of the tsunami, and also makes it difficult for vortices to form, making the outer wall 103 less likely to be swept away. As a result, the fluid resistance of the water is reduced, and the possibility of damage and destruction of the outer wall 103 itself is low.

[0087] Also, referring to Figure 13, when there is a surge of waves, the waves flow from the sea side to the land side of the shelter 101, and at that time a vortex is generated near the notch 123F of the shelter 101, and a force acts to draw the air inside the shelter body 102 outward. However, if the water level is lower than the upper end of the outer wall 103, outside air is taken in from the opening at the upper end of the passage 123A and space V, so the air inside the living space S is less likely to be drawn out of the shelter 101.

[0088] Furthermore, the outer wall section 103 is located in the space T below the floor plate 104 surrounded by the upright section 113, that is, the space below the shelter body 102. The lower surface of the space connecting the notches 116 and 123F, and the opening and the notches, is partitioned by the sloping approach section 115. As a result, seawater flowing into space T can be quickly discharged to the outside of the shelter 101 through the notches 116 and 123F.

[0089] Figure 14 shows the situation approximately three hours after the first wave of the tsunami had receded, with sediment carried by the tsunami accumulating around shelter 101. Even with the notch 123F blocked in this way, evacuees in the living space S can enter the area below passage 123A through the notch 116 and escape from the upper part of passage 123A using the ladder 123C.

[0090] It is recommended that the shelter body 102 be installed inside the outer wall section 103 such that its upper end is located below the upper end 113a of the outer wall section 103. This ensures that the outer wall section 103, supported by the ground or other foundation, can reliably protect the shelter body 102 from the pressure of tsunamis and the impact of debris and other flowing objects carried away by tsunamis.

[0091] The outer wall section 103 can be given sufficient strength to withstand tsunami pressure and collisions with debris, buildings, and ships swept away by the tsunami by attaching cushioning material around it, using a simple construction method. Furthermore, because the outer wall section 103, the shelter body 102, and the cushioning material 151 can be combined to form a simple structure, the shelter 101 can be quickly transported and constructed in areas where tsunami impact is a concern. The shelter body 102 can be easily perforated using a cutting machine, enabling rapid rescue operations. In addition, the upper part of the outer wall section 103 is open, making maintenance easy. It is preferable to use a material that is easy to mold and process, such as expanded polystyrene, as the cushioning material 151.

[0092] As described above, in the shelter 101 as this third embodiment, the shelter body 102 is enclosed at least at the top and open at the bottom to secure a living space S inside, and the outer wall portion 103 surrounds the shelter body 102 and is fixed to the foundation 134 as the ground, interfering with the mechanical effects on the shelter body 102 from the hydraulic force and flowing objects generated by the tsunami, and the shelter body 102 is restricted from relative movement with respect to the outer wall portion 103 and is housed within the outer wall portion 103 at a distance from it.

[0093] According to this design, since the outer wall section 103 is spaced apart to surround the shelter body 102, the outer wall section 103 will bear the impact of the water pressure and debris collisions caused by the tsunami, preventing direct impact on the shelter body 102, which is an evacuation space that holds air, thus reducing the possibility of air loss from the shelter body 102. In addition, since the relative movement of the shelter body 102 is restricted with respect to the strong outer wall section 103 fixed to the foundation 134, the posture of the shelter body 102 is stabilized, preventing air loss when a tsunami strikes.

[0094] Furthermore, in conventional structures where there is only one outer wall protecting the air pocket, damage to the outer wall due to the impact of a tsunami could potentially cause cracks to extend to the internal air pocket. It is difficult to detect cracks that allow air to pass through. Therefore, if the outer wall is damaged, all components must be replaced. However, in the structure of this embodiment 3, if the outer wall section 103 is damaged and there is a risk of cracking, maintenance can be performed by replacing only the outer wall section 103 while leaving the shelter body 102 as is.

[0095] Furthermore, the outer surface of the shelter body 102 and the inner surface of the outer wall 103 are installed with their movement restricted to maintain a predetermined distance between them. A vertical space V is reliably secured between the outer surface of the shelter body 102 and the inner surface of the outer wall 103. Even if the outer wall 103 is damaged by an impact, the impact is less likely to be transmitted to the shelter body 102, thus ensuring high safety.

[0096] Furthermore, the shelter body 102 and the outer wall portion 103 are integrated by adhesive fixing or integral molding. The shelter body 102 is sealed except for the point where the living space S and the outside air are connected at the lower part of the shelter body 102. When the water level rises, compressed air accumulates in the sealed living space S above the shelter body 102, generating buoyancy that causes the shelter body 102 to rise, and this buoyancy prevents the shelter body 102 from separating from the outer wall portion 103.

[0097] According to this, evacuees can remain safely in a living space S where air is secured without being swept away for an extended period of time. Furthermore, even if buoyancy is generated only when the water level exceeds the expected level and surpasses the lower position where the living space S and the outside air communicate in the shelter body 102, and this buoyancy becomes a force that causes the shelter body 102 to float, the fact that the outer wall 103 and the shelter body 102 are integrated prevents the outer wall 103 of the shelter body 102 from separating from the upper opening 3a due to buoyancy, and the state in which air is secured in the living space S can be maintained.

[0098] Furthermore, since both the shelter body 102 and the outer wall section 103 are annular cylindrical bodies, the erected cylindrical body has a large second moment of area in the horizontal direction. As the shelter is a combination of the inner shelter body 102 and the outer wall section 103, both of which are cylindrical bodies, it has high durability against the water pressure of tsunami incoming or outgoing waves and the sediment washed away by the tsunami.

[0099] Furthermore, since the outer wall section 103 and the shelter body 102 are made of the same material (FRP), the material properties of the outer wall section 103 and the shelter body 102 are identical, so even if the two come into contact due to deformation of the outer wall section 103, damage can be reduced.

[0100] Furthermore, because the outer wall section 103 and the shelter body 102 are made of reinforced fiber plastic, they have excellent restorative force against strong pressure and instantaneous impulse such as that of the first wave. In addition, the shelter body 102 and the outer wall section 103 are durable even when thin, and their light weight makes them easy to transport.

[0101] Furthermore, because the lower end of the shelter body 102 is fixed to the outer wall 103, the tilting of the outer wall 103 due to a tsunami is greater in the upper part, and because the lower end of the shelter body 102 is fixed to the outer wall 103, instantaneous upward tilting of the outer wall 103 does not affect the posture of the shelter body 102. Therefore, the tilting of the shelter body 102 is suppressed, and the loss of air inside the shelter body 102 during a tsunami strike can be prevented.

[0102] Furthermore, since a buffer material 151 is provided on the outside of the outer wall portion 103, the flowing material will collide with the buffer material 151, preventing the flowing material from directly hitting the outer wall portion 103 and making it less prone to damage. [Examples]

[0103] Next, Example 4 will be described with reference to Figure 15. In Example 3, an example was described in which the shelter body 102, floorboard 104, and outer wall portion 103 were fixed together with adhesive. In Example 4, however, the method of fixing them together is different, and otherwise it is the same as Example 3.

[0104] The shelter body 102 is fixed to the floorboard 104 by multiple (seven in this embodiment) L-shaped brackets L and bolts and nuts N arranged in the circumferential direction. The L-shaped brackets L are bonded to the inner circumferential surface of the lower end of the shelter body 102 by laminating glass fiber and polyester resin. Specifically, glass sheets, roving sheets, etc., are laminated and bonded from the inner circumferential side of the vertical piece L1 of the L-shaped bracket L, spanning across the circumferential direction.

[0105] A rubber seat G is provided between the horizontal piece L2 of the L-shaped bracket L and the flange portion 104D of the floorboard 104. The shelter body 102 is fixed to the floorboard 104 by fastening it with bolts and nuts N inserted from below through the horizontal piece L2 of the L-shaped bracket L, the flange portion 104D of the floorboard 104, and the rubber seat G through holes.

[0106] Furthermore, since the shelter body 102 is fixed to the floorboard 104 with bolts and nuts N, which are an example of detachable fastening members, the shelter body 102 and the floorboard 104 can be disassembled. This means that, for example, if the shelter body 102 is damaged, such as by cracking, only the shelter body 102 needs to be partially replaced, without having to replace the entire exterior wall 103 or floorboard 104, thus providing excellent maintainability. In addition, since the horizontal piece L2 of the L-shaped bracket L is fixed with bolts and nuts, access to the bolts and nuts is easy, resulting in excellent workability. Moreover, since the shelter body 102 does not have through holes for bolts and nuts, the strength of the shelter body 102 can be maintained at a high level.

[0107] In this example, we have described an example of fixing the shelter body 102 and the floorboard 104 using bolts, nuts, and L-shaped brackets, but the means of fixing are not limited to this, and for example, fixing by adhesive may also be used.

[0108] Also, referring to Figure 15, the dimensional difference Δ1 between the outer surface of the horizontal plate portion 104B of the floorboard 104 and the inner surface of the shelter body 102 is less than half of the dimensional difference Δ2 between the inner surface of the outer wall portion 103 and the outer surface of the horizontal plate portion 104B of the floorboard 104 (Δ1 < Δ2 × 1 / 2). Therefore, even if the bolts and nuts N that fix the floorboard 104 and the shelter body 102 loosen, and the shelter body 102 moves horizontally, the vertical wall portion 104C of the floorboard 104 will hit the shelter body 102, restricting its movement, so that the shelter body 102 does not hit the outer wall portion 103. [Examples]

[0109] Next, Example 5 will be described with reference to Figure 16. This Example 5 is substantially the same as Example 3, except that it is provided with an impact-absorbing material Z and a lid 160.

[0110] As shown in Figure 16, the lid 160 is provided to cover the opening at the upper end of the outer wall 103. In addition, the spaces V and V1 separated by the shelter body 102, the outer wall 103, and the lid 160 are filled with a shock-absorbing material Z made of foamed urethane.

[0111] By placing shock-absorbing material Z in the spaces V and V1 separated by the shelter body 102, the outer wall 103, and the lid 160, the impact applied to the outer wall 103 is less likely to be transmitted to the shelter body 102, and a structure can be created that prevents rainwater from above the outer wall 103 from flowing into space V. The shock-absorbing material Z is not limited to foamed urethane; any material softer than the outer wall is acceptable.

[0112] Furthermore, the four-layer structure consisting of the shelter body 102, the shock-absorbing material Z, the outer wall 103, and the cushioning material 151 further improves durability against external impacts. In addition, the impact received by the outer wall 103 is transmitted to the shelter body 102 via the shock-absorbing material Z, allowing the outer wall 103 and the shelter body 102 to work together to resist the impact.

[0113] Furthermore, since the cover 160 is positioned to cover the upper part of the outer wall 103, it is even more resistant to external impacts.

[0114] Since the shock-absorbing material Z has a more elastic structure than the outer wall 103 and the shelter body 102, it can mitigate the impact when the shelter 101 is subjected to external forces such as tsunamis, thereby ensuring the safety of the shelter body 102.

[0115] In this way, by arranging the shock-absorbing material Z as an impact absorber in the spaces V and V1 between the outer wall 103 and the shelter body 102, the impact force acting on the outer wall 103 from the outside is evened out by the shock-absorbing material Z, and strong localized stress does not act on the shelter body 102. Furthermore, the spaces V and V1 may contain only gas as in the above embodiment 3, or they may contain an impact-absorbing material such as the shock-absorbing material Z in this modified example 5, or they may contain a fluid other than an impact-absorbing material.

[0116] In this embodiment, the shelter body 102 and the outer wall portion 103 are made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) formed by laminating glass fibers and polyester resin. Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) is suitable for outer walls because it has high flexural strength and flexural modulus (for example, in the case of a laminate with a glass content of 30 percent, the flexural strength is 216 MPa and the flexural modulus is 9.8 GPa), it can deflect the impact of a tsunami by deformation and then recover, and thus recovers. [Examples]

[0117] Next, Example 6 will be described with reference to Figure 17. In Example 6, the method of fixing the shelter body 102 to the outer wall 103 differs from that of Example 3. Also, the structure of the floor differs from that of Example 3, but is the same as that of Example 1.

[0118] As shown in Figure 17, the shelter body 102 is fixed by sandwiching a ring-shaped fixing ring R, which has adhesive applied to both its inner and outer surfaces, between the outer circumference of the shelter body 102 and the outer wall portion 103. The fixing ring R may be made of resin or metal.

[0119] In this example, the shelter body 102, the outer wall 103, and the fixing ring R are separate components, but they may be molded together as a single unit by injection molding.

[0120] This makes it easy to change the position of the fixing ring R to any desired position, and allows adjustment of the load-bearing position when external force is transmitted from the outer wall to the shelter body. Furthermore, the floor does not necessarily have to be fixed integrally with the shelter body 102; it may be fixed to the foundation 134, as in the floor plate 4 of this embodiment, or it may be fixed to the outer wall 103. Also, the shelter body 102 does not necessarily have to be fixed to the outer wall 103 via the floor plate 104; it may be fixed to the outer wall 103 via a member other than the floor plate 104, as in the fixing ring R of this embodiment 6. In addition, the lower end of the shelter body 102 does not necessarily have to be fixed to the outer wall 103, as in embodiment 3; a part of the surrounding wall may be fixed to the shelter body 102, as in embodiment 6.

[0121] Furthermore, in the case of the shelter body 102, as the water level rises, the water level rises to position P3, indicated by the horizontal dashed line passing through the lower end surface 102c of the shelter body 102. Therefore, the opening at the lower end of the shelter body 102 constitutes the lower opening of the shelter body 102. [Examples]

[0122] Next, Example 7 will be described based on Figure 18. In Example 7, the structure of the shelter body 102B differs from that of Example 3. Also, the structure of the bottom differs from that of Example 3, but is the same as that of Example 1.

[0123] In Example 7, the lower end of the shelter body 102B is flange-shaped. An entry / exit notch 102a is formed in the peripheral wall of the shelter body 102B. In this case, as the water level rises, the water level rises to position P4, indicated by the horizontal dashed line passing through the upper end of the notch 102a. Therefore, a horizontal virtual plane passing through the upper end of the notch 102a formed in the peripheral wall of the shelter body 102 constitutes the lower opening of the shelter body 102B.

[0124] Furthermore, the flange portion 102f at the lower end of the shelter body 102B is fixed to the foundation 134 with bolts, together with the flange-shaped base portion 114 provided on the outer wall portion 103. Note that the method of fixing is not limited to this example, and the flange portion 102f and the flange-shaped base portion 114 may be fixed individually.

[0125] As a result, the shelter body 102B is directly fixed to the foundation 134, increasing the stability of the shelter body 102B. In other words, the shelter body 102 does not necessarily have to be fixed to the outer wall 103, as long as its relative movement with respect to the outer wall 103 is restricted.

[0126] Furthermore, although the flange portion 102f below the floor plate 4 of the shelter body 102B was fixed to the foundation 134, if at least the cylindrical portion above the floor portion of the shelter body 102B (the peripheral wall portion corresponding to the living space S) is spaced apart from the outer wall portion 103, the portion of the shelter body 102B below the living space S, that is, below the floor plate 4, may be integrally fixed to the outer wall portion 103 and the foundation 134.

[0127] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configurations are not limited to these embodiments, and any changes or additions that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are also included.

[0128] For example, the outer wall portion of the above embodiment is not limited to being supported by a base plate (referred to as the foundation in embodiments 3 to 7) made of exposed concrete poured on the ground surface, or by a base plate made of concrete poured into the ground. It may also be supported and fixed to an existing structure such as the ground or the roof of a building using anchor bolts. Furthermore, it is possible to utilize the strength of the breakwater wall of a quay as the strength of the outer wall portion and construct a tsunami shelter close to the breakwater.

[0129] Furthermore, in the above-described embodiments 1 and 2, the outer wall portion is not limited to being formed of reinforced concrete, but may also be formed of metal or synthetic resin, for example. That is, instead of the concrete outer wall portion (divided portion) 333, the outer wall portion 3 may be constructed using a metal plate outer wall portion (divided portion) 333 or a synthetic resin outer wall portion (divided portion) 333. Similarly, the shelter body is not limited to plastic, but may also be formed of metal such as aluminum, for example. If a light-transmitting material such as PP or PC is used, the upper part of the outer wall portion is open, allowing external light to enter the shelter.

[0130] Furthermore, the shelter body and outer wall are not limited to being approximately circular in top view; for example, they may be elliptical or rectangular, and the shelter body and outer wall are not limited to being the same shape in top view. Also, they are not limited to being a continuous cylindrical shape in the circumferential direction; they may be rectangular or have shapes that are scattered in the circumferential direction.

[0131] Furthermore, the structure of the shelter body 2 is not limited as long as at least the upper part is sealed and a living space is secured inside. For example, multiple entrances may be formed below the living space. Also, providing doors at each opening is effective in preventing the intrusion of rubble and water.

[0132] Furthermore, while embodiments 3 to 7 illustrate a configuration in which the shelter body 102, outer wall 103, floorboard 104, and escape route cover 123 are integrally fixed by adhesive, thereby restricting the relative movement of the shelter body with respect to the outer wall, the present invention is not limited to this. At least the shelter body 102 does not need to be restricted from relative movement with respect to the floorboard 104 and escape route cover 123, as long as its relative movement with respect to the outer wall 103 is restricted.

[0133] Furthermore, in the above embodiments 3 to 7, the shelter body 102, outer wall 103, floorboard 104, and escape route cover 123 are integrally fixed by adhesive, and the shelter body 102 is shown as being restricted from tilting in the vertical, forward / backward / left / right directions and from rotating in the circumferential direction relative to the outer wall 103. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that at least one of the relative movements in the vertical, forward / backward / left / right directions and from rotating in the circumferential direction is restricted.

[0134] Furthermore, while embodiments 3 to 7 illustrate a configuration in which the shelter body 102 is housed within the outer wall portion 103 with spaces between them in the circumferential direction, the present invention is not limited to this. As long as at least a portion of the shelter body 102 in the circumferential direction (for example, the side that is struck by the incoming wave) is spaced apart from the outer wall portion 103, other portions may be in contact with it. Moreover, the present invention is not limited to a configuration in which the shelter body 102 is positioned horizontally so as not to come into contact with the outer wall portion 103. It may also be positioned so that a portion of it comes into contact with the outer wall portion 103, or an impact absorbing material as described in embodiment 5 may be provided.

[0135] Furthermore, while embodiments 3 to 7 above illustrate a form in which a cushioning material 151 made of expanded styrene is applied as an example of a cushioning material, the present invention is not limited thereto, and cushioning materials made of other materials such as rubber or sandbags may also be used. In addition, the strength may be improved by coating the outer surface of the outer wall portion 103 with a reinforcing agent such as polyurea resin.

[0136] Furthermore, in the above embodiments 3 to 7, the outer wall portion is not limited to being formed of reinforced fiber plastic, but may also be formed of concrete, metal, or the like. Similarly, the shelter body may be made of resin, metal, or the like, not limited to reinforced fiber plastic. If a light-transmitting material is used, the upper part of the outer wall portion is open, allowing external light to enter the shelter. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0137] 1 Shelter 2. Shelter body 3 Exterior wall 3A aisle 3a Top opening 3B Cover 3C ladder 4. Floorboards (floor section) 5. Cylindrical part 6 Entrance / exit 7 Peripheral wall 7a Bottom end 8 aperture 9. Convex part 11 Protrusion 12 Hanging branch 13 Standing part 14 Flange section 15 Approach Section 16 connecting ports 17 Support part 18 Locking part 19 Protective measures 20 aperture 333 Outer wall (divided body) 34 Bottom plate (ground, foundation) 23A aisle 23B Cover Body 23C ladder 23D side plate 101 Shelter 102 Shelter body 112 Cylindrical part 102B Shelter Body 102a Cylindrical part 102f Flange section 103 Exterior wall 113 Standing part 116 Aperture 104 Floorboards 104a Notch 104h Drain hole 123 Evacuation route cover 123A aisle 123B Bottom 123C Ladder 123D side 123F Notch 134 Foundation (Ground) 151 Cushioning material 160 Lid S Living space V,V1 space

Claims

1. The shelter comprises a main body that is sealed at least at the top and open at the bottom to secure a living space inside, and an outer wall that surrounds the main body and is fixed to the ground to interfere with the mechanical effects on the main body caused by water force and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, A tsunami shelter characterized in that the shelter body is restricted from relative movement with respect to the outer wall and is housed within the outer wall at a distance from each other.

2. The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the shelter body and the inner surface of the outer wall are installed with their movement restricted so as to maintain a predetermined distance between them.

3. The shelter body and the outer wall are integrated by adhesive fixing or integral molding, the shelter body is sealed except for the lower part where the living space and the outside air are in contact, and when the water level rises, compressed air accumulates in the sealed living space at the top of the shelter body, generating buoyancy that causes the shelter body to rise, and the detachment of the shelter body from the outer wall due to the buoyancy is prevented, as described in claim 1.

4. The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that both the shelter body and the outer wall are annular cylindrical bodies.

5. A tsunami shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an impact-absorbing material is placed between the outer wall portion and the shelter body.

Images