Organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate.

Abstract

This invention provides an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface. [Solution] The present disclosure relates to an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate, comprising: (i) at least one organic solvent; (ii) at least one particulate metal provided as metal flakes and having a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm; (iii) at least one metal carbide in a total concentration in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; and (iv) at least one binder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the friction coefficient of the surface of the metal substrate; and a method for producing such a composition. The present invention further relates to a method for coating the surface of a metal substrate; and a metal substrate having a surface including such a coating.

Background Art

[0002] The surface of a metal substrate, particularly an iron-based metal substrate, is prone to corrosion, whereby the material properties of such a corroded metal surface are degraded.

[0003] Typically, a corrosion protection coating is applied to the surface of a metal substrate to protect the metal surface from corrosion.

[0004] Such a typical corrosion protection coating may include a chromium coating. Such a chromium coating provides an additional barrier layer to the metal surface because it is rapidly passivated by contact with the surrounding air. However, the product resulting from such a passivated chromium coating may impair the decorative and / or functional properties of the surface of the metal substrate.

[0005] Alternative corrosion protection coatings may include aqueous and solvent-based corrosion protection compositions containing particulate metals such as zinc and / or aluminum. Such zinc and / or aluminum coatings are typically not electrochemically nobler than the surface of the metal substrate to be coated, thereby providing cathodic protection to the surface of the metal substrate. Such zinc and / or aluminum coatings can be applied directly to the surface of the metal substrate to provide corrosion protection. However, due to the chemical reaction of such less noble zinc and / or aluminum coatings, the product resulting from such a coating may also impair the decorative and / or functional properties of the surface of the metal substrate.

[0006] However, the surfaces of many metal substrates commonly used in electronics and / or mechanical engineering are subjected to mechanical stress during manufacturing, i.e., manufacturing tools can exert mechanical forces on such surfaces.

[0007] In addition to corrosion resistance, the surfaces of many metal substrates, such as metal screws, metal nuts, metal clamps, and / or metal springs, need to withstand such mechanical forces. As a result, such metal surfaces typically have an increased coefficient of friction, which allows manufacturing tools to effectively apply mechanical force to the metal surface without slipping off.

[0008] British Patent Application Publication No. 1380748 discloses a zinc-filled coating composition applied to a metal substrate, comprising a silane and a titanium compound as a binder.

[0009] British Patent Application Publication No. 1499556 discloses a method for hydrolyzing ethyl silicate to provide a gellable hydrolysate.

[0010] U.S. Patent No. 4,209,555 discloses a coating for ferrous metals as cathode protection, comprising water, zinc powder, aluminum powder, sodium aluminum silicate, iron oxide, titanium dioxide ore, and thixotrope such as clay.

[0011] British Patent Application Publication No. 1212424 discloses protective coatings comprising crosslinked polymer compositions for cathode protection of metal surfaces. These crosslinked polymer compositions are formed by the reaction of tetraalkyl titanate esters with polymers resulting from the partial hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate in an aqueous acidic medium.

[0012] European Patent Application Publication No. 0808883 discloses a water-reducible, chromium-free coating composition for providing corrosion protection to a metal substrate. The coating composition comprises a high-boiling point organic liquid, particulate metals such as particulate zinc or aluminum, a thickener such as hydroxyethylcellulose, and a silane-based binder.

[0013] European Patent Application Publication No. 1280863 discloses a chromium-free coating composition comprising aluminum particles and zinc particles as corrosion inhibitors, and binders such as silicates and organic titanates.

[0014] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0259172 discloses a coating composition for providing corrosion protection for a metal substrate, wherein the composition comprises metal particles and a film-forming binder, and the binder comprises titanate and a polyfunctional polymer.

[0015] European Patent No. 1644451 discloses a chromium-free anticorrosion coating for metal parts, wherein the composition comprises particulate metal and at least one element selected from yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium as a reinforcing agent for the anticorrosion properties of the composition. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0016] [Patent Document 1] UK Patent Application Publication No. 1380748 [Patent Document 2] UK Patent Application Publication No. 1499556 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent No. 4,209,555 [Patent Document 4] UK Patent Application Publication No. 1212424 [Patent Document 5] European Patent Application Publication No. 0808883 [Patent Document 6] European Patent Application Publication No. 1280863 [Patent Document 7] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0259172 [Patent Document 8] European Patent No. 1644451 [Summary of the Invention] <00​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an organic solvent-based coating composition that provides good stability over the life of the composition.

[0023] Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic solvent-based coating composition suitable for use in coating the surface of a metal substrate.

[0024] Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic solvent-based coating composition that includes a generally simple coating composition, preferably having chemicals that are as inexpensive as possible.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0025] These objects, and additional objects that, while not explicitly stated, are readily derivable or distinguishable from the context introduced herein, are achieved by an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate, having all the features of claim 1 according to a first aspect of the present invention. Suitable modifications of the organic solvent-based coating composition of the present invention are described in dependent claims 2 to 12.

[0026] Furthermore, claim 13 includes a method for manufacturing an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate, according to a second aspect of the present invention.

[0027] According to a third aspect of the present invention, claim 14 includes a method for coating the surface of a metal substrate.

[0028] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, claim 15 includes a metal substrate having a surface, the surface of the metal substrate including a coating obtained by the coating method according to the third aspect.

[0029] The present invention is particularly suitable for depositing coatings on the surface of metal substrates, especially in the field of coatings for electronic and / or mechanical engineering equipment where protective coatings such as corrosion protection are required, and particularly with an additionally increased coefficient of friction (correspondingly increased K value). Typical metal substrates coated with the coating composition according to the present invention include metal screws, metal nuts, metal clamps, and / or metal springs. The basic material of the metal substrate may include iron, steel, known ferrous metals such as carbon steel, and mixtures thereof.

[0030] A first aspect of the present invention relates to an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate, (i) at least one organic solvent; (ii) At least one particulate metal provided as metal flakes, having a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm; (iii) At least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; (iv) at least one binder; The present invention provides a composition containing [a certain substance].

[0031] Therefore, it is possible to provide an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate in an unpredictable manner, and it does not exhibit the aforementioned drawbacks of known prior art coating compositions.

[0032] In particular, the organic solvent-based coating composition according to the present invention is suitable for depositing a coating on the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction (corresponding to the K value) of the surface of the metal substrate, and is also suitable for providing effective corrosion protection to the surface of the metal substrate.

[0033] In particular, organic solvent-based coating compositions are suitable for depositing coatings on multiple different types of metal substrates, such as iron or steel.

[0034] The present invention provides a chromium-free organic solvent-based coating composition that approaches the coating properties of at least a chromium-based coating composition.

[0035] The achieved coating has good or even better corrosion protection properties and good or even better mechanical properties such as a high coefficient of friction (correspondingly a high K value).

[0036] Furthermore, the present invention provides an organic solvent-based coating composition that offers good stability over the lifetime of the composition.

[0037] Furthermore, the modified organic solvent-based coating compositions of the present invention include very simple, common compositions, mostly consisting of inexpensive chemicals. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0038] A first aspect of the present invention relates to an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate, (i) at least one organic solvent; (ii) At least one particulate metal provided as metal flakes, having a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm; (iii) At least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; (iv) at least one binder; The present invention provides a composition containing [a certain substance].

[0039] In addition to the other features defined above, the addition of at least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight provides a coating composition that enables the deposition of a coating on the surface of a metal substrate having advantageous properties such as a good or even better (i.e., desirable) coefficient of friction (correspondingly a K value) and good or even better corrosion protection of the coated surface.

[0040] In the context of the present invention, the terms “for increasing the coefficient of friction” and “increased coefficient of friction” (or similar but corresponding wording) indicate that the present invention must be suitable for achieving this effect. This is preferably the case in which, compared to the same organic solvent-based coating composition, (iii) is absent or present in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight, respectively, and / or (ii) is provided as metal flakes and is not at least one particulate metal having a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm. An increased coefficient of friction (corresponding K value) is obtained when (ii) and (iii) are set as preferably defined as defined throughout this specification, as shown in the following examples.

[0041] Because metal carbides have high melting points, are very hard, and are wear-resistant, it is possible to apply coating compositions with advantageous mechanical properties such as an increased coefficient of friction (corresponding to the K value) to metal surfaces.

[0042] In the context of this invention, the term "metal carbide" includes metal carbides, metalloid carbides, and transition metal carbides. The most preferred metal carbide is a transition metal carbide.

[0043] By providing at least one binder in the composition, a coating can be provided on the surface of a metal substrate that does not peel off the surface of the metal substrate. During the coating process, at least one binder fixes the coating to the metal surface to be coated, and at least one binder binds the pigments present in the coating composition (i.e., the sum of at least one particulate metal and at least one metal carbide, and optionally further filler particles), thereby ensuring the formation of a permanent and stable coating.

[0044] Preferably, at least one binder is adapted to provide a stable dispersion of at least one particulate metal and at least one metal carbide in at least one organic solvent.

[0045] In this invention, at least one particulate metal is provided as a metal flake.

[0046] Preferably, at least one metal carbide is selected from the group consisting of transition metal carbides and metalloid carbides. Preferably, at least one metal carbide is a metal from subgroups IV ("titanium group") to VII ("manganese group") of the periodic table of elements. Preferably, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, and / or tungsten carbide, and / or metals of Group III ("Boron Group") and / or Group IV ("Carbon Group") of the periodic table of elements, Preferably, it contains boron carbide and / or silicon carbide. Most preferably, the at least one metal carbide is selected as tungsten carbide and / or silicon carbide.

[0047] The most preferred carbide in organic solvent-based coating compositions is tungsten carbide.

[0048] Preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition of the present invention is one in which at least one metal carbide is not chemically modified. This preferably means that the surface of at least one metal carbide is not chemically modified. This further preferably means that the surface of at least one metal carbide is not chemically modified by amine and / or carboxyl moieties.

[0049] Preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition of the present invention is one in which at least one metal carbide has a diameter of less than 3 μm, preferably less than 2.5 μm.

[0050] Preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition of the present invention is one in which, based on the total weight of the metal carbides, at least 50% by weight of at least one metal carbide has a diameter of less than 1 μm, preferably 900 nm or less, more preferably 800 nm or less, even more preferably 700 nm or less, even more preferably 600 nm or less, and most preferably 500 nm or less.

[0051] Most preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition of the present invention is one in which, based on the total weight of the metal carbides, at least 60% by weight of at least one metal carbide has a diameter of less than 1 μm, preferably 900 nm or less, more preferably 800 nm or less, even more preferably 700 nm or less, even more preferably 600 nm or less, and most preferably 500 nm or less.

[0052] Preferably, the coating composition contains at least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.25% to 3.5% by weight, preferably from 0.4% to 2.4% by weight.

[0053] By selecting a preferred type of metal carbide and / or a preferred concentration range of at least one metal carbide, the coating on the surface of the metal substrate includes excellent friction coefficient (correspondingly K value) and corrosion protection.

[0054] Preferably, at least one particulate metal comprises particulate aluminum and / or (preferably also) particulate zinc. and / or At least one particulate metal comprises a metal-zinc alloy, wherein the metal comprises aluminum, magnesium, tin, nickel, cobalt and / or manganese. Preferably, at least one particulate metal is selected as particulate aluminum and / or (preferably also) particulate zinc.

[0055] Particularly preferred are compositions of the present invention in which at least one particulate metal comprises at least particulate zinc. More preferably, at least one particulate metal comprises particulate zinc and particulate aluminum (preferably as separate particulate metals), and the organic solvent-based coating composition preferably contains more particulate zinc than particulate aluminum, based on weight % and the total weight of the organic solvent-based coating composition. In particular, zinc is required to achieve acceptable corrosion resistance.

[0056] At least one particulate metal provided as metal flakes has a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, preferably 5 μm to 30 μm.

[0057] Preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition of the present invention is one in which at least one particulate metal is not in powder form. This means, most preferably, that particulate zinc and particulate aluminum are not present as powder in the organic solvent-based coating composition. In this context, “powder” usually refers to a diameter significantly less than 1 μm.

[0058] Various particulate metals in the coating composition, particularly zinc, contribute to increased cathode protection of the coating composition. In particular, combining aluminum and zinc, preferably aluminum flakes and zinc flakes, as particulate metals ensures superior properties of the coating. Along with at least one carbide as defined above, a favorably high coefficient of friction (correspondingly, a high K value) is obtained.

[0059] Preferably, at least one particulate metal comprises particulate zinc at a concentration ranging from 31.5% to 49.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0060] Preferably, at least one particulate metal comprises particulate aluminum in a concentration ranging from 2.6% to 9.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0061] Preferably, at least one particulate metal comprises particulate aluminum and particulate zinc, preferably in a total concentration ranging from 20% to 50% by weight, and more preferably from 30% to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0062] By selecting a preferred concentration range for particulate zinc and / or particulate aluminum in the coating composition, the resulting coating on the surface of a metal substrate ensures excellent cathodic corrosion protection, while, in combination with metal carbides, provides an excellent coefficient of friction (corresponding to the K value).

[0063] Preferably, particulate aluminum and particulate zinc are also provided as aluminum flakes and zinc flakes, respectively. The aluminum flakes and zinc flakes preferably have a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 5 μm to 30 μm.

[0064] Providing aluminum flakes and / or zinc flakes (preferably, and preferably, as described herein as preferred) enables the efficient preparation of the coating composition according to the present invention and contributes considerably to an increase in the coefficient of friction (correspondingly the K value).

[0065] The coating composition preferably comprises at least one organic solvent preferably selected from the group consisting of alcohols including ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, butan-1-ol, and / or isooctanol; alkyl ethers of glycols including 1-methoxy-2-propanol; monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol; diethylene glycol; propylene glycol; ketones including methyl ethyl ketone and / or methyl isobutyl ketone; isophorones; esters; ethers including 2-ethoxyethyl acetate and / or 2-ethoxyethanol; aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, and / or xylene; petroleum-derived aromatic solvent blends including mixtures of aliphatic and naphtha hydrocarbons with a content of less than 0.5% by weight of hydrogenated heavy naphtha oil and / or aromatic compounds; and mixtures thereof.

[0066] Preferably, the coating composition contains at least one organic solvent in a total concentration ranging from 3% to 25% by weight, preferably 4% to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0067] The preferred organic solvent and / or preferred concentration range of the organic solvent enable efficient dispersion of all components of the coating composition of the present invention.

[0068] Preferably, the coating composition comprises at least one thickener selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose ether, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, ethyl-hydroxyethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, xanthan gum, a urethane-based thickener, organically modified clay, preferably organically modified hectorite and / or organically modified smectite clay; fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, modified urea and mixtures thereof.

[0069] However, in some cases, an organic solvent-based coating composition that does not contain silica is preferred.

[0070] Preferably, the coating composition comprises at least one wetting agent, which is preferably selected as a nonionic agent, more preferably as a nonionic alkylphenol polyethoxy adduct and / or alkoxylated polyalkylene, and / or preferably as an anionic wetting agent, more preferably as an organophosphate ester and / or diester sulfosuccinate, even more preferably as sodium bistridecyl sulfosuccinate, and / or more preferably as a low molecular weight polymethylalkylsiloxane, most preferably polydimethylsiloxane, and as modifiers thereof, even more preferably as methylalkylpolysiloxane, polyethersiloxane and / or polyestersiloxane.

[0071] Preferably, the coating composition comprises at least one thickener and / or (preferably also) at least one wetting agent in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5% to 4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0072] The viscosity of the coating composition can be efficiently adjusted by selecting a thickening agent at a preferred concentration. The surface of particulate metal and / or metal carbides can be efficiently wetted by selecting a wetting agent at a preferred concentration.

[0073] Preferably, at least one binder is - Preferably a silane selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethylenediamine, N-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)-ethylenediamine, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxy-propyl)-triethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof, oligomers and / or hydrolysates. and / or - Preferably monomers and / or oligomers of silica acid esters selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetrapropyl orthosilicate, tetrabutyl orthosilicate, and mixtures thereof, oligomers and / or hydrolysates. It includes at least one of the following.

[0074] Preferably, at least one silane agent has a total concentration ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 2% to 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0075] In some cases, preferably at least one binder has a total concentration ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 2% to 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0076] Preferably, at least one binder comprises (preferably further comprises) at least one titanate compound, preferably a titanium alkoxide and / or a titanium chelate and / or a titanate oligomer formed by partial hydrolysis of a titanate monomer, Preferably, the titanium alkoxide includes tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetra-isopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-tert-butyl titanate, and / or tetra-2-ethylhexyl titanate. Preferably, the titanium chelate includes a complex of titanium with at least one dicarbonyl compound, more preferably titanium diisopropoxide bis-(acetylacetonate), titanium oxyacetylacetonate, titanium diisopropoxide bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate), titanium bis-(ethyl-acetoacetato)-diisopropoxide, titanium 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolate, di-i-butoxy-bisethylacetoacetatotitanate, and / or a complex of titanium with at least one (poly)hydroxylcarboxylic acid, even more preferably titanium bis-(ammonium-lactato)-dihydroxyd, and / or a chelate complex of titanium with at least one molecule of citric acid, and / or a chelate complex of titanium with a polycarboxylic acid, and even more preferably with oxalic acid. Preferably, the titanate oligomer comprises polypropyl titanate and / or polybutyl titanate.

[0077] Preferably, at least one titanate compound has a total concentration ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 10% to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0078] Preferably, at least one binder is selected as at least one silane agent and at least one titanate compound (i.e., a mixture of both), and preferably the total concentration of at least one silane agent and at least one titanate compound is in the range of 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 20% to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0079] The silane binder and / or (preferably) the titanate binder make it possible to provide a coating on the surface of a metal substrate that does not peel off from the surface of the metal substrate, preferably within a preferred concentration range.

[0080] A highly preferred method is the organic solvent-based coating composition according to the present invention, wherein at least one binder comprises at least one titanate binder. The titanate binder is highly beneficial for achieving excellent corrosion resistance.

[0081] Preferably, the organic solvent does not contain water, or the amount of water in the organic solvent is 1% by weight or less, preferably 0.1% by weight or less. Most preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition of the present invention does not contain water, or the amount of water in the organic solvent is 1% by weight or less, preferably 0.1% by weight or less.

[0082] By using an organic solvent in a coating composition that is (essentially) water-free, the coating effect on the surface of a metal substrate can be enhanced when using such a coating composition.

[0083] Preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition according to the present invention is substantially free or preferably free of lubricants. This ensures an increase in the coefficient of friction (correspondingly the K value). More preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition according to the present invention is substantially free or preferably free of polypropylene wax, preferably substantially free or preferably free of polyalkylene wax, and most preferably substantially free or preferably free of any wax. Typically, lubricants and waxes reduce the coefficient of friction, which is undesirable in the context of the present invention.

[0084] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate, the method being: (a) A step of providing at least one organic solvent and at least one binder; (b) A step of providing at least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; (c) Providing at least one particulate metal, which is provided as a metal flake and has a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, The compounds from steps (a), (b), and / or (preferably, also) (c) are provided together and / or (preferably, or) individually, and the compounds from steps (a), (b), and / or (preferably, also) (c) are preferably provided in various orders; (d) Mixing the compounds provided between steps (a) and (c) to obtain the organic solvent-based coating composition; Includes.

[0085] By mixing the compounds in a compound mixture, a homogeneous (i.e., preferably having a homogeneous distribution) organic solvent-based coating composition can be obtained. Typically, the liquid compound is provided first, before the solid compound is dispersed within the liquid compound. Depending on the specific properties and / or solubility of the various compounds, some of the compounds from steps (a) to (c) may be provided separately. Alternatively, some or all of the compounds from steps (a) to (c) may be provided together.

[0086] Depending on the specific properties and / or solubility of various compounds, the order in which the compounds are provided may vary with respect to the specific compounds used.

[0087] Preferably, as a first step (a), at least one organic solvent is provided together with at least one binder and any additional liquid components, such as liquid additives; as a second step (b), at least one metal carbide is provided together with any additional solid additives; as a third step (c), at least one particulate metal is provided; and as a fourth step (d), the compounds provided between steps (a) and (c) are mixed to obtain an organic solvent-based coating composition.

[0088] Preferably, the mixture is stirred for a defined time between steps (a), (b), and / or (c), and preferably, the defined time is longer for liquid components than for solid compounds. The time is preferably in the range of 1 minute to 60 minutes.

[0089] By adjusting the stirring time when providing liquid or solid components, efficient dispersion of the provided components can be achieved.

[0090] Preferably, after step (d), the organic solvent-based coating composition is filtered, preferably through a sieve.

[0091] By filtering the organic solvent-based coating composition after mixing, compound aggregation can be suppressed, thereby ensuring a homogeneous organic solvent-based coating composition.

[0092] The foregoing (preferably indicated) relating to the organic solvent-based coating compositions of the present invention preferably also applies to the methods of the present invention for preparing organic solvent-based coating compositions.

[0093] Where applicable, the following preferred features preferably also apply to the organic solvent-based coating compositions according to the present invention.

[0094] Preferably for this method is that at least one metal carbide is selected from the group of transition metal carbides and / or metalloid carbides, more preferably at least one metal carbide is a metal ion from subgroup IV ("Titanium Group") to VII ("Manganese Group") of the periodic table of elements, even more preferably titanium carbide, tantalum carbide and / or tungsten carbide and / or metal ions from main group III ("Boron Group") and / or main group IV ("Carbon Group") of the periodic table of elements, even more preferably boron carbide and / or silicon carbide, and most preferably at least one metal carbide is selected as tungsten carbide and / or silicon carbide.

[0095] Preferably for this method, the coating composition contains at least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.25% to 3.5% by weight, preferably from 0.4% to 2.4% by weight.

[0096] Preferably for this method, at least one particulate metal is selected as particulate aluminum and particulate zinc, and / or at least one particulate metal is selected as a metal-zinc alloy, where the metal comprises aluminum, magnesium, tin, nickel, cobalt and / or manganese, and preferably at least one particulate metal is selected as particulate aluminum and particulate zinc.

[0097] In this method, at least one particulate metal is provided as a metal flake and has a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, preferably 5 μm to 30 μm.

[0098] Preferably for this method, at least one particulate metal contains particulate zinc at a concentration ranging from 31.5% to 49.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0099] Preferably for this method, at least one particulate metal contains particulate aluminum at a concentration ranging from 2.6% to 9.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0100] Preferably for this method, at least one particulate metal contains particulate aluminum and particulate zinc, preferably in a total concentration ranging from 20% to 50% by weight, more preferably 30% to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0101] Preferably for this method, the particulate aluminum and / or particulate zinc are provided as aluminum flakes and / or zinc flakes, and preferably the aluminum flakes and / or zinc flakes have a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 5 μm to 20 μm.

[0102] Preferably for this method, the coating composition comprises at least one organic solvent selected as a mixture thereof, preferably an alcohol comprising ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, butan-1-ol, and / or isooctanol; an alkyl ether of glycol preferably comprising 1-methoxy-2-propanol; a monoalkyl ether of ethylene glycol; diethylene glycol; propylene glycol; ketones, preferably methyl ethyl ketone and / or methyl isobutyl ketone; isophorone; esters or ethers, preferably 2-ethoxyethyl acetate and / or 2-ethoxyethanol; aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably benzene, toluene, and / or xylene; a petroleum-derived aromatic solvent blend, preferably hydrogenated heavy naphtha oil and / or a mixture of aliphatic and naphtha hydrocarbons with an aromatic compound content of less than 0.5% by weight; and a mixture thereof.

[0103] Preferably for this method, the coating composition contains at least one organic solvent in a total concentration ranging from 3% to 25% by weight, preferably 4% to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0104] Preferably for this method, the coating composition comprises at least one thickener, and preferably the thickener is selected from the group comprising hydroxyethylcellulose ether, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, ethyl-hydroxyethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, xanthan gum, urethane-based thickeners, organically modified clay, more preferably organically modified hectorite and / or organically modified smectite clay, fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, modified urea and mixtures thereof.

[0105] Preferably for this method, the coating composition comprises at least one wetting agent, and preferably the wetting agent is selected as a nonionic agent, more preferably as a nonionic alkylphenol polyethoxy adduct and / or alkoxylated polyalkylene, and / or preferably as an anionic wetting agent, more preferably as an organophosphate ester and / or diester sulfosuccinate, even more preferably as sodium bistridecyl sulfosuccinate, and / or more preferably as a low molecular weight polymethylalkylsiloxane, most preferably as polydimethylsiloxane, and as modifiers thereof, even more preferably as methylalkylpolysiloxane, polyethersiloxane and / or polyestersiloxane.

[0106] Preferably for this method, the coating composition contains at least one thickener and / or at least one wetting agent in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5% to 4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0107] Preferably for this method, at least one binder is selected as at least one silane agent, preferably selected as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethylenediamine, N-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)-ethylenediamine, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxy-propyl)-triethoxysilane, monomers and / or oligomers of silica acid esters, more preferably tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetrapropyl orthosilicate, tetrabutyl orthosilicate, and mixtures, oligomers and / or hydrolysates thereof.

[0108] Preferably for this method, at least one binder is selected as at least one silane agent with a total concentration ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 2% to 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0109] Preferably for this method, at least one binder is selected as at least one titanate compound, preferably selected as a titanium alkoxide and / or titanium chelate and / or a titanate oligomer formed by partial hydrolysis of a titanate monomer; more preferably the titanium alkoxide includes tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetra-isopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-tert-butyl titanate and / or tetra-2-ethylhexyl titanate; more preferably the titanium chelate is a complex of titanium with at least one dicarbonyl compound; even more preferably titanium diisopropoxide bis-(acetylacetonate), titanium oxyacetylacetonate The titanate oligomer comprises titanium diisopropoxide bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate), titanium bis-(ethyl-acetate)-diisopropoxide, titanium 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolate, di-i-butoxy-bisethylacetate titanate, and / or a complex of titanium with at least one (poly)hydroxylcarboxylic acid, more preferably titanium bis-(ammonium-lactate)-dihydroxyd, and / or a chelate complex of titanium with at least one molecule of citric acid, and / or a chelate complex of titanium with a polycarboxylic acid, more preferably oxalic acid, and more preferably the titanate oligomer is polypropyl titanate and / or polybutyl titanate.

[0110] Preferably for this method, at least one binder is selected as at least one titanate compound in a total concentration ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, and more preferably from 10% to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0111] Preferably for this method, at least one binder is selected as at least one silane agent and at least one titanate compound, and the total concentration of at least one silane agent and at least one titanate compound is in the range of 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 20% to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0112] For this method, it is preferable that the organic solvent does not contain water, or that the amount of water in the organic solvent is less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight.

[0113] According to a third aspect, the present invention relates to a method for coating the surface of a metal substrate, the method being: (A) The step of providing the metal substrate; (B) A step of providing an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate, wherein the composition is (i) at least one organic solvent; (ii) At least one particulate metal provided as metal flakes, having a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm; (iii) At least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; (iv) at least one binder; Steps including; (C) A step of bringing a metal substrate into contact with the organic solvent-based coating composition to deposit the coating on at least one surface of the metal substrate; and (D) Heat the metal substrate and the coating deposited on at least one surface of the metal substrate to obtain a surface of the metal substrate having an increased coefficient of friction; Includes.

[0114] The foregoing (preferably indicated) regarding organic solvent-based coating compositions preferably also applies to the coating method according to the present invention.

[0115] A preferred method is the third embodiment, in which the coating has a thickness in the range of 4 to 20 μm, preferably 6 to 10 μm.

[0116] Preferably, the method according to the third embodiment provides a K value of 0.28 or higher, preferably 0.29 or higher, more preferably 0.30 or higher, even more preferably 0.31 or higher, even more preferably 0.32 or higher, and most preferably 0.33 or higher.

[0117] Preferably, the method according to the third embodiment provides a coating with a coefficient of friction of 0.22 or higher, preferably 0.23 or higher, more preferably 0.24 or higher, even more preferably 0.25 or higher, still even more preferably 0.26 or higher, and most preferably 0.27 or higher.

[0118] In some cases, a third embodiment of the method is preferred, which preferably involves repeating steps (B), (C), and (D) at least twice. This is preferred when a thicker coating is desired after steps (B), (C), and (D) have been used once. This can preferably be achieved by performing the method a second time on a substrate that already has a coating as a result of performing the method once.

[0119] A preferred aspect of the method according to the third embodiment is that, prior to step (B), the metal substrate is pretreated, preferably by sandblasting the surface of the metal substrate or by phosphate treatment of the surface of the metal substrate.

[0120] By performing the aforementioned pretreatment step, the surface of the metal substrate can be efficiently modified, and the contact between the surface of the metal substrate and the coating can be improved.

[0121] A preferred aspect of the method according to the third embodiment is that, after step (C), the metal substrate is rotated to remove any excess coating composition from the metal substrate.

[0122] A preferred aspect of the method according to the third embodiment is that during step (D), the metal substrate is heated to a temperature in the range of 150°C to 350°C, preferably 200°C to 300°C.

[0123] A preferred aspect of the method according to the third embodiment is that during step (C), the organic solvent-based coating composition is sprayed onto the surface of the metal substrate during the spraying step, and / or during step (C), the metal substrate is immersed in the organic solvent-based coating composition during the immersion step.

[0124] A preferred aspect of the method according to the third embodiment is that the metal substrate includes metal screws, metal nuts, metal clamps and / or metal springs.

[0125] A preference for the method according to the third embodiment is that the coated surface of the metal substrate obtained after step (D) has a K value of 0.3 to 0.5. Preferably, the value measured to evaluate the coefficient of friction of the coated surface of the metal substrate according to the present invention is the K value (i.e., the K value is an indication for the coefficient of friction, but the two values ​​are not identical), which is determined by the following formula K = T / F × d according to item 10.1 of standard DIN EN ISO 16047, where T corresponds to the tightening torque ("Anziehdrehmoment"), F corresponds to the preload ("Vorspannkraft"), and d corresponds to the nominal screw diameter ("Gewindenenndurchmesser"). For further details, see the Examples section of this application.

[0126] A preferred aspect of the method according to the third embodiment is that the metal of the metal substrate is an iron-based metal, preferably iron or steel.

[0127] A preferred method is the third embodiment, in which no current is applied in step (C).

[0128] According to a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a metal substrate having a surface, wherein the surface of the metal substrate includes a coating obtained by a coating method according to a third aspect.

[0129] The foregoing (preferably indicated) regarding the method according to a third aspect of the present invention preferably applies similarly to the metal substrate of the present invention.

[0130] Preferably for this substrate, the metal substrate includes metal screws, metal nuts, metal clamps and / or metal springs.

[0131] Preferably for this substrate, the coated surface of the metal substrate contains a K value between 0.3 and 0.5. For further details regarding the K value, please refer to the Examples section of this application.

[0132] For this substrate, it is preferable that the metal of the metal substrate is an iron-based metal, preferably iron or steel. [Examples]

[0133] The following non-limiting embodiments are provided to illustrate embodiments of the present invention and to facilitate understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined by the claims herein.

[0134] [Organic solvent-based coating composition] Generally, all experiments, including those relating to the present invention and comparative embodiments other than the present invention, were performed using an organic solvent-based coating composition comprising particulate zinc, particulate aluminum, at least one additive, at least one titanate compound, at least one binder comprising at least one silane agent, and at least one organic solvent. The particulate zinc and particulate aluminum are provided as flakes having a diameter in the range of at least 5 μm to 15 μm. This is generally a very preferred diameter for the particulate metals used in the present invention.

[0135] In all experiments, at least one additive included hydrophilic fumed silica as a thickening agent and polymethylalkylsiloxane as a wetting agent.

[0136] In all experiments, at least one titanate is selected as tetra-n-butyl titanate, polybutyl titanate, titanium bis-(ethyl-acetacetate)-diisopropoxide, and tetra-2-ethylhexyl titanate, tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, and tetra-tert-butyl titanate.

[0137] In all experiments, at least one silane is selected as (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, or 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0138] In all experiments, at least one organic solvent is selected as hydrogenated heavy naphtha oil, isooctanool, butan-1-ol, and a mixture of aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons containing less than 0.5% by weight of aromatic compounds.

[0139] In the organic solvent-based coating composition used in this experiment, at least one metal carbide, preferably tungsten carbide (D), abbreviated as WC, is present. 50 Silicon carbide, abbreviated as SiC, is added (200 nm).

[0140] To prepare the organic solvent-based coating composition, all components are added to a container in a specified order and mixed using a dissolver during a preliminary dispersion step that allows for the crushing of aggregated components. In this experiment, at least one organic solvent is added during the first step, at least one additive is added during the second step, and solid components containing particulate aluminum, particulate zinc, at least one titanate compound and at least one silane are added during the third step.

[0141] After adding each component, the reaction mixture is stirred. The mixture is then filtered through a sieve of a specified mesh size to obtain an organic solvent-based coating composition. Subsequently, the composition parameters of the organic solvent-based coating composition, particularly viscosity, density, average particle size, and / or solid content, are measured.

[0142] [Surface coating of metal substrates] Organic solvent-based coating compositions enable coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase its coefficient of friction. The metal substrates to be coated include metal screws, metal nuts, metal clamps, and / or metal springs.

[0143] In the first coating step, a metal substrate, which is normally covered with lubricating oil, is cleaned, preferably with an alkaline degreasing agent. In the second coating step, the cleaned metal substrate is pre-treated, preferably by sandblasting the surface of the metal substrate.

[0144] In the third coating step, the pre-treated metal substrate is immersed in the corresponding coating composition according to a specific example to apply the coating composition to the surface of the metal substrate. Preferably, the pre-treated metal substrate is immersed at 10°C to 35°C for 30 seconds to 1 minute, and then immersed at 15°C to 28°C for 30 seconds to 1 minute. Preferably, the pre-treated metal substrate is moved into the corresponding coating composition during the immersion.

[0145] In the fourth coating step, the metal substrate is rotated to remove any excess coating composition from the substrate, leaving only a thin film of the coating composition on the surface of the metal substrate.

[0146] In the fifth coating step, the metal substrate containing the coating composition film is heated for a predetermined time at a temperature in the range of 300°C, preferably 230°C, for 30 minutes to remove volatile components from the coating composition and allow the chemical reaction of the remaining components of the coating composition to occur, thereby forming a coating on the surface of the metal substrate.

[0147] [Mechanical properties of coated surfaces of metal substrates] To evaluate the mechanical properties of various coatings applied to the surfaces of various metal substrates in this experiment, the coefficient of friction of the coated surfaces of various metal substrates is determined according to the standard DIN EN ISO 16047. The coefficient of friction (CoF) and the K value are proportional to each other. During the experiments of this invention, not only the K value but also the CoF is measured and evaluated.

[0148] The coefficient of friction (CoF) of the coated surface of the metal substrate according to the present invention is determined in the same way as the K value, where the K value is determined by the following formula K = T / F × d according to item 10.1 of the standard DIN EN ISO 16047, where T corresponds to the tightening torque ("Anziehdrehmoment"), F corresponds to the preload ("Vorspannkraft"), and d corresponds to the nominal screw diameter ("Gewindenenndurchmesser"). CoF was also determined based on DIN EN ISO 16047.

[0149] To experimentally determine the K value, a metal substrate, particularly a metal screw and / or metal nut, is placed on a test stand, which is adapted to apply a torque value to the metal substrate and to measure various experimental values ​​such as various coefficients of friction. For detailed information on how to derive the K value from the various measured coefficients of friction, refer to the mathematical relationships in standard DIN EN ISO 16047.

[0150] [Experimental data] The concentrations of the different coating compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 are all expressed in weight percent (wt%) based on the total weight of the coating composition, unless otherwise specified.

[0151] The experiments shown in Tables 1 and 2 are numbered in the order of their results.

[0152] Now, looking at the tables, Table 1 shows the experiments conducted on organic solvent-based coating compositions according to embodiments of the present invention, and Table 2 shows comparative experiments on organic solvent-based coating compositions.

[0153] [Table 1]

[0154] [Table 2]

[0155] Comparing Experiments 1-5 with Comparative Experiments 6 and 7, it can be concluded that the addition of metal carbides, namely silicon carbide (see Example 1) and / or tungsten carbide (see Examples 2-5), increases the K value of the coated surface of the metal substrate obtained after the coating process using each coating composition.

[0156] In particular, increasing the tungsten carbide content from 0.5% by weight (see Example 2) to 1.5% by weight (see Example 4) results in an increase in the K value from 0.29 (see Example 2) to 0.32 (see Example 4). The optimal K value of 0.35 is obtained when using the composition according to Example 5, in which the amount of tungsten carbide is 1.70% by weight.

[0157] Our own experiments have shown that at least one metal carbide, in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition, and at least one particulate metal provided as metal flakes with a diameter ranging from 1 μm to 100 μm, are crucial for obtaining an increased K value (corresponding to CoF). As shown above, in the absence of the at least one metal carbide, the K value (corresponding to CoF) decreases and becomes insufficient. Similar undesirable results can also be obtained when particulate metal flakes with significantly smaller diameters, e.g., significantly less than 1 μm, are used, for example, as a powder.

[0158] [1] An organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate, (i) at least one organic solvent; (ii) At least one particulate metal provided as metal flakes, having a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm; (iii) At least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; (iv) at least one binder; A composition containing the following: [2] The at least one metal carbide is selected from the group consisting of transition metal carbides and metalloid carbides, Preferably, the at least one metal carbide is a metal from subgroup IV ("titanium group") to VII ("manganese group") of the periodic table of elements. Preferably, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, and / or tungsten carbide, and / or metals of Group III ("Boron Group") and / or Group IV ("Carbon Group") of the periodic table of elements, Preferably, it contains boron carbide and / or silicon carbide. Most preferably, the at least one metal carbide is selected as tungsten carbide and / or silicon carbide, in the organic solvent-based coating composition according to [1]. [3] The coating composition comprises the at least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.25% to 3.5% by weight, preferably from 0.4% to 2.4% by weight, according to the organic solvent-based coating composition of [1] or [2]. [4] The at least one particulate metal includes particulate aluminum and / or particulate zinc, and / or The at least one particulate metal comprises a metal-zinc alloy, and the metal comprises aluminum, magnesium, tin, nickel, cobalt and / or manganese. Preferably, the organic solvent-based coating composition according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the at least one particulate metal is selected as particulate aluminum and / or particulate zinc. [5] The organic solvent-based coating composition according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the at least one particulate metal provided as a metal flake has a diameter in the range of 5 μm to 30 μm. [6] The organic solvent-based coating composition according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the at least one particulate metal comprises particulate zinc at a concentration ranging from 31.5% to 49.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. [7] The organic solvent-based coating composition according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the at least one particulate metal comprises particulate aluminum at a concentration ranging from 2.6% to 9.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. [8] The coating composition preferably comprises an organic solvent-based coating composition according to any one of [1] to [7], comprising: hydroxyethylcellulose ether, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, ethyl-hydroxyethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, xanthan gum, a urethane-based thickener, an organically modified clay, preferably an organically modified hectorite and / or an organically modified smectite clay; and at least one thickener selected from the group consisting of fumed silica, hydrophilic fumed silica, modified urea and mixtures thereof. [9] The at least one binder is - Preferably a silane selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethylenediamine, N-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)-ethylenediamine, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxy-propyl)-triethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof, oligomers and / or hydrolysates. and / or - Preferably monomers and / or oligomers of silica acid esters selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetrapropyl orthosilicate, tetrabutyl orthosilicate, and mixtures thereof, oligomers and / or hydrolysates. An organic solvent-based coating composition according to any one of [1] to [8], comprising at least one of the above.

[10] The organic solvent-based coating composition according to [9], wherein the at least one silane agent has a total concentration ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 2% to 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[11] The at least one binder preferably comprises at least one titanate compound comprising a titanium alkoxide and / or a titanium chelate and / or a titanate oligomer formed by partial hydrolysis of a titanate monomer, Preferably, the titanium alkoxide comprises tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetra-isopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-tert-butyl titanate, and / or tetra-2-ethylhexyl titanate. Preferably, the titanium chelate includes a complex of titanium with at least one dicarbonyl compound, more preferably titanium diisopropoxide bis-(acetylacetonate), titanium oxyacetylacetonate, titanium diisopropoxide bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate), titanium bis-(ethyl-acetoacetato)-diisopropoxide, titanium 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolate, di-i-butoxy-bisethylacetoacetatotitanate, and / or a complex of titanium with at least one (poly)hydroxylcarboxylic acid, even more preferably titanium bis-(ammonium-lactato)-dihydroxyd, and / or a chelate complex of titanium with at least one molecule of citric acid, and / or a chelate complex of titanium with a polycarboxylic acid, and even more preferably with oxalic acid. Preferably, the titanate oligomer comprises polypropyl titanate and / or polybutyl titanate, an organic solvent-based coating composition according to any one of [1] to

[10] .

[12] The organic solvent-based coating composition according to

[11] , wherein the at least one titanate compound has a total concentration of 1% to 50% by weight, more preferably 10% to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[13] A method for producing an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate, (a) A step of providing at least one organic solvent and at least one binder; (b) A step of providing at least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; (c) Providing at least one particulate metal, which is provided as a metal flake and has a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm; Here, the compounds from steps (a), (b), and / or (c) are provided together and / or individually, and the compounds from steps (a), (b), and / or (c) are preferably provided in various orders. (d) Mixing the compounds provided between steps (a) and (c) to obtain the organic solvent-based coating composition; Methods that include...

[14] A method for coating the surface of a metal substrate, (A) The step of providing the metal substrate; (B) A step of providing an organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate, wherein the composition is (i) at least one organic solvent; (ii) At least one particulate metal provided as metal flakes, having a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm; (iii) At least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; (iv) at least one binder; Steps including; (C) A step of bringing the metal substrate into contact with the organic solvent-based coating composition to deposit the coating on at least one surface of the metal substrate; and (D) Heat the metal substrate and the coating deposited on at least one surface of the metal substrate to obtain a surface of the metal substrate having an increased coefficient of friction; Methods that include...

[15] A metal substrate having a surface, wherein the surface of the metal substrate includes a coating obtained by the coating method according to

[14] .

Claims

[Claim 1] An organic solvent-based coating composition for coating the surface of a metal substrate to increase the coefficient of friction of the surface of the metal substrate, (i) at least one organic solvent; (ii) At least one particulate metal provided as a metal flake, having a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm; (iii) At least one metal carbide in a total concentration ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition; (iv) at least one binder; A composition containing the following:

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