Silicate and borosilicate glass with high refractive index and low density

Abstract

To provide diatomaceous phosphate and borosilicate glass having a high refractive index and low density. [Solution] It contains silicon dioxide (SiO2) and / or boron oxide (B2O3) as a glass-forming agent and has a refractive index n of 1.9 or higher when measured at 587.56 nm. d And, when measured at 25℃, it was 5.5 g / cm³. 3 A glass having the following density is provided. Optionally, the glass may be characterized by high transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, and / or good glass-forming properties.

Description

Priority

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 076,547, filed September 10, 2020, under Section 119(e) of the U.S. Patent Act, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Technical Field]

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to diatomaceous phosphate and borosilicate glass having a high refractive index and low density. [Background technology]

[0003] Glass is used in a variety of optical devices, including augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, mixed reality devices, and eyewear. Desired properties for this type of glass often include a high refractive index and low density. Further desirable properties may include high transmission in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, and / or low light dispersion. Finding a glass that can be formed from a composition having a desirable combination of these properties and good glass-forming properties can be difficult. For example, generally, as the refractive index of glass increases, the density also tends to increase. To increase the refractive index of glass without increasing its density, species such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 are often added. However, these materials often absorb blue and UV light, which undesirably can reduce the transmittance of light in these ranges of the spectrum by the glass. Attempts to increase the refractive index of glass while maintaining low density and without reducing transmittance in the blue and UV ranges of the spectrum often result in reduced glass-forming properties of the material. For example, crystallization and / or liquid-liquid separation may occur while cooling a glass molten material at a cooling rate generally acceptable in the industry. Typically, a decrease in glass-forming ability is observed when the amount of certain types of elements, such as ZrO2, Y2O3, Sc2O3, and BeO, increases.

[0004] Low-density, high-refractive-index glasses often belong to one of two types of chemical systems, based on the glass-forming agent used: (a) silicic acid or borosilicate glass, where SiO2 and / or B2O3 is used as the main glass-forming agent; and (b) phosphoric acid glass, where P2O5 is used as the main glass-forming agent. Glasses that rely on other oxides such as GeO2, TeO2, Bi2O3, and V2O5 as the main glass-forming agent may be difficult to use due to cost, glass-forming properties, optical properties, and / or manufacturing requirements.

[0005] While phosphated glass can be characterized by a high refractive index and low density, its manufacture can be difficult due to the risk of P2O5 volatilization from the molten material and / or incompatibility with platinum. Furthermore, phosphated glass is often heavily colored and may require an additional bleaching step to provide glass with the desired transmittance properties. Additionally, phosphated glass exhibiting a high refractive index tends to have increased light dispersion.

[0006] Diatomaceous crystalline and borosilicate glass are typically easy to manufacture and can exhibit high transmittance without a bleaching step. However, compared to phosphoric acid glass, diatomaceous crystalline and borosilicate glass typically show increased density when the refractive index is increased. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] Considering these factors, there is a demand for diatomaceous phosphate and borosilicate glass that has a high refractive index and low density, in addition to being made from compositions that optionally exhibit high transmittance in the visible and near-UV ranges and / or provide good glass-forming properties. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass is composed of: 14.0 mol% to 50.0 mol% SiO2; over 0.0 mol% B2O3; 5.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% TiO2; 2.2 mol% to 50.0 mol% Nb2O5; 2.5 mol% to 25.0 mol% ZrO2; and 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% rare earth metal oxides (RE m O n The total content of ) and other oxide species present, if any, in amounts of 0.5 mol% or less. The ratio of the amount of B2O3 to the amount of SiO2 (B2O3 / SiO2) in mole percent of oxides is at least 0.050. Furthermore, the glass described above is substantially free of Y2O3.

[0009] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, the glass contains: 1.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% of B2O3; 13.5 mol% or more of La2O3; and 0.0 mol% or more of SiO2, provided that the total of (SiO2 + B2O3) is 1.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%; as well as rare earth metal oxides, Al2O3, Nb2O5, TiO2, ThO2, GeO2, P2O5, ZnO, Y2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, Er2O3, Gd2O3, K2O, La2O3, Li2O, Na2O, Nd2O3, PbO, TeO2 The glass contains at least one oxide selected from WO3, Yb2O3, and ZrO2, with Nb2O5 being 0.0 mol% to 12.3 mol%, TiO2 being 0.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, ThO2 being 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, GeO2 being 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, P2O5 being 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, Al2O3 being 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, and the total (ZnO + Y2O3) being 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%. The above glass further contains formula (X):

[0010]

number

[0011] The condition is satisfied, and here P n is the refractive index parameter of the above glass, and is given by equation (VIII):

[0012]

number

[0013] It is calculated according to, P d is the density parameter, and is given by equation (IX):

[0014]

number

[0015] The calculations are performed according to the formulas (VIII) and (IX), where each oxide listed in formulas (VIII) and (IX) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0016] In yet another embodiment, the glass contains: 14.5 mol% or more of B2O3; 2.0 mol% or more of SiO2, where the total of (SiO2 + B2O3) is 3.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%; 1.0 mol% to 45.0 mol% of Nb2O5; and monovalent metal oxides, divalent metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, As2O3, Sb2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, MoO3. The following are selected from Ta2O5, GeO2, P2O5, ZnO, Y2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, Er2O3, Gd2O3, Ga2O3, K2O, La2O3, Li2O, Na2O, Nd2O3, PbO, TeO2, WO3, Yb2O3, and ZrO2, with TiO2 being 0.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, and ZrO2 being 0.0 mol% or more, and Y 2O3 is 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, Ta2O5 is 0.0 mol% to 1.5 mol%, GeO2 is 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, CaO is 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, P2O5 is 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, Al2O3 is 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, ZnO is 0.0 mol% to 5.5 mol%, and Mo The content of O3 is 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, MgO is 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, Ga2O3 is 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, Li2O is 0.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, TeO2 is 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, the total content of monovalent metal oxides (R2O) is 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, and rare earth metal oxides (RE m O n The total content of (As2O3 + Sb2O3) is 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, and the total of (RE) is 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, and m O n The glass contains at least one oxide that satisfies the following conditions: the total of (TiO2 + Nb2O5 + ZrO2 + Bi2O3 + WO3) is 25.0 mol% or more, and the total of (R2O + RO - BaO) is 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, where RO is the total content of divalent metal oxides. Furthermore, the glass is substantially fluorine-free. Moreover, the glass is a product of formula (XII):

[0017]

number

[0018] satisfies, where P n is a refractive index parameter having a value of 1.85 or more, and Equation (VIII):

[0019] [Number]

[0020] is calculated according to, and P d is the density parameter calculated according to Equation (IX):

[0021] [Number]

[0022] and is the density parameter calculated according to, T i is Equation (VI):

[0023] [Number]

[0024] is the transmittance index calculated according to, and each oxide listed in Equation (VIII), Equation (IX), and Equation (VI) refers to the amount of the oxide expressed in mol% in the above glass.

[0025] The above and other aspects, objects, and features of the present disclosure will be understood by those skilled in the art upon studying the following specification, claims, and drawings. [Brief Description of the Drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] A plot showing the relationship between the density dRT at room temperature and the density parameter Pd calculated according to Equation (IX) for glasses of some comparative examples and some exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure [Figure 2]Plots showing the relationship between the refractive index nd (measured at 587.56 nm) and the refractive index parameter Pn, calculated according to formula (VIII), for several comparative example glasses and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] Plots of exemplary cooling schedules according to “15-minute test” and “2.5-minute test” conditions for several exemplary glasses according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] Plots showing the relationship between the density parameter Pd, calculated according to formula (IX), and the refractive index parameter Pn, calculated according to formula (VIII), for several comparative example glasses and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] Plots showing the relationship between density dRT (g / cm³) and refractive index nd (measured at 587.56 nm) at room temperature for several comparative example glasses and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] Plots showing the relationship between the transmittance index Ti calculated according to formula (VI), the refractive index parameter Pn calculated according to formula (VIII), and the density parameter Pd calculated according to formula (IX) for several comparative example glasses and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] Plots showing the relationship between the transmittance index Ti calculated according to formula (VI) for several comparative example glasses and several exemplary glasses according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the refractive index nd (measured at 587.56 nm), and the density dRT at room temperature. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0027] The following "Modes for Carrying Out the Invention" provide a complete understanding of the various principles of this disclosure by describing exemplary embodiments that disclose specific details for illustrative purposes, not limitation. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art who have benefited from this disclosure that the disclosure can also be practiced in other embodiments that deviate from the specific details disclosed herein. Furthermore, descriptions of known devices, methods, and materials may be omitted so as not to obscure the explanation of the various principles of this disclosure. Finally, where applicable, similar reference numerals refer to similar elements.

[0028] As used herein, the term "and / or" means, when used in an enumeration of two or more items, that any one of the enumerated items may be taken alone, or any combination of two or more of the enumerated items may be taken. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition may contain: A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B together; A and C together; B and C together; or A, B, and C together.

[0029] Those skilled in the art and those who create or use the Disclosure will be able to imagine modified forms of the Disclosure. Therefore, it will be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the Disclosure as defined by the following claims, which are to be interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.

[0030] Where used herein, the term “about” means that quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are approximate and / or large or small, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, and other factors known to those skilled in the art, as necessary, but not necessarily exact. Generally, quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, or other quantities or characteristics are “about” or “approximate,” whether explicitly stated as such. Where the term “about” is used to describe a value or an endpoint of a range, it should be understood that this disclosure includes the specific value or endpoint mentioned. Whether or not a numerical value or range endpoint in this specification is described as “about,” it is intended to include two embodiments: embodiments modified with “about” and embodiments not modified with “about.” Furthermore, it will be understood that each range endpoint is important both in relation to other endpoints and independently of other endpoints.

[0031] The term "formed from" can mean one or more of the following: "comprise," "consist essentially of," or "consists of." For example, a component formed from a particular material may contain, essentially consist of, or consist of that material.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, all compositions are expressed in mole percent (mol%) of the as-batch state. As those skilled in the art will understand, various molten components (e.g., fluorine, alkali metals, boron, etc.) may undergo varying levels of volatilization during the melting of these components (depending on, for example, vapor pressure, melting time, and / or melting temperature). Accordingly, the term “about” with respect to such components is intended to encompass values ​​of no more than about 0.2 mol% when the final article is measured compared to the as-batch state compositions provided herein. With this in mind, substantial compositional equivalence between the final article and the as-batch state compositions is expected. In some embodiments, where indicated so, the composition may be expressed in weight percent (wt%) of the oxides in the as-batch state.

[0033] When fluorine is added to oxide glass, or when fluorine is present in oxide glass, the molecular representation of the resulting glass composition can be expressed in several different ways. In this disclosure, when fluorine is present, the fluorine content as a single term is expressed in units of atomic percent (atomic%), which is determined based on 100 times the fraction of fluorine relative to the total number of atoms in the glass composition.

[0034] In this disclosure, the following methods of indicating fluorine-containing compositions and concentration ranges are used. The concentration limits for all oxides (e.g., SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, etc.) are given by their respective cations (e.g., silicon [Si 4+ ], boron [B 3+ ], sodium [Na + The following is presented under the assumption that the substances (etc.) are first presented in the form of their corresponding oxides. If fluorine is present, some of the oxygen in the oxide is replaced with equivalent fluorine (i.e., one oxygen atom is replaced by two fluorine atoms) in order to calculate the concentration of the components in the composition. Since the above fluorine is assumed to exist in the form of silicon fluoride (SiF4), the total amount of all oxides and SiF4 is 100 mole percent or 100% by weight in all compositions.

[0035] The terms "free" and "substantially free" are used interchangeably to refer to the amount and / or absence of specific components in a glass composition that are not intentionally added. A glass composition may contain trace amounts of certain components as impurities or blunt materials, in amounts less than 0.10 mol%.

[0036] When used to describe a particular component in a glass composition, the term "tramp" as used herein refers to a component that is not intentionally added to the glass composition but is present in an amount of less than 0.05 mol%. Tramp components may be unintentionally added to a glass composition as an impurity in another component, and / or by migration into the composition during processing of the glass composition.

[0037] In this specification, the term "glass former" refers to a component that exists alone in a glass composition (i.e., without other components except playing cards) and is capable of forming glass when the molten material is cooled at a rate of approximately 200°C / min to approximately 300°C / min or less.

[0038] As used herein, the term “modifier” refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, i.e., M2O or MO (where “M” represents a metal). By adding a modifier to a glass composition, the atomic structure of the molten material and the resulting glass can be altered. In some embodiments, the modifier can alter the coordination number of cations present in the glass-forming agent (e.g., boron in B2O3), thereby enabling the formation of a more polymerized atomic network and consequently providing better glass formation.

[0039] As used herein, the term "RO" refers to the total content of divalent metal oxides, the term "R2O" refers to the total content of monovalent metal oxides, and the term "Alk2O" refers to the total content of alkali metal oxides. The term R2O includes alkali metal oxides (Alk2O) in addition to other monovalent metal oxides such as Ag2O, Tl2O, and Hg2O. As described below, in this disclosure, rare earth metal oxides are not included in the term "RO" because rare earth metals are referred to by their normalized formula (RE2O3) in which the redox state "+3" is present.

[0040] As used herein, the term “rare earth metal” refers to the metals listed in the lanthanide series of the IUPAC periodic table, as well as yttrium and scandium. As used herein, the term “rare earth metal oxide” refers to oxides of rare earth metals in various redox states, such as lanthanum at “+3” in La2O3, cerium at “+4” in CeO2, europium at “+2” in EuO, and so on. In general, the redox state of rare earth metals in oxide glasses can vary, and in particular, the redox state can change during melting based on the batch composition and / or the redox conditions in the furnace in which the glass is melted and / or heat-treated (e.g., annealed). Unless otherwise specified, rare earth metal oxides are referred herein by their normalized formula in which the rare earth metal has a redox state of “+3”. Therefore, when rare earth metals having a redox state other than "+3" are added to a batch of glass compositions, the glass composition is recalculated by adding or removing some oxygen to maintain stoichiometry. For example, when CeO2 (containing cerium in a redox state of "+4") is used as a batch component, the resulting glass composition is recalculated assuming that 2 moles of CeO2 are equivalent to 1 mole of Ce2O3, and the resulting glass composition is presented with respect to Ce2O3. Where used herein, the term "RE" m O nThe term "+3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in all existing redox states, while the term "RE2O3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in the "+3" redox state.

[0041] The measured density values ​​of glass reported in this specification are 0.001 g / cm³. 3 Using a helium pycnometer with an error of g / cm², 3 The unit is measured at room temperature. When used herein, the density measurement value at room temperature (d RT The values ​​(as described) are indicated as being measured at 20°C or 25°C and include multiple measurements obtained at temperatures that may be within the range of 20°C to 25°C. It is understood that room temperature may vary between approximately 20°C and approximately 25°C, but for the purposes of this disclosure, the variation in density within the temperature range of 20°C to 25°C is 0.001 g / cm³. 3 Since this is expected to be smaller than the error, it is not expected to affect the density measurements at room temperature reported herein.

[0042] As used herein, the term "low density" means 5.5 g / cm³ unless otherwise specified. 3 The term "low density parameter" refers to the density parameter P. d The value is 5.5 g / cm³. 3 This means the following:

[0043] As used herein, “good glass-forming ability” refers to the ability of the molten material to withstand devitrification during cooling. Glass-forming ability can be measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the molten material. The term “critical cooling rate” or “v crIn this specification, "critical cooling rate" is used to refer to the minimum cooling rate at which a molten material of a given composition forms a glass that does not contain crystals visible under an optical microscope at a magnification of 100 to 500 times. The critical cooling rate can be used to measure the glass-forming ability of a composition, i.e., the ability of a molten material of a given glass composition to form glass upon cooling. Generally, the lower the critical cooling rate, the better the glass-forming ability.

[0044] The term "liquidus temperature" is used herein to refer to the lowest temperature at which the glass composition becomes completely liquid without the crystallization of its constituent components. The liquidus temperature values ​​reported herein were obtained by measuring samples using DSC or by isothermal holding of samples wrapped in platinum foil. To measure a sample using DSC, a powdered sample was heated to 1250°C at 10 K / min. The liquidus temperature was obtained at the end of the endothermic event corresponding to the melting of the crystals. For the second technique (isothermal holding), a glass block (approximately 1 cm) was used. 3 The glass block was wrapped in platinum foil to prevent volatilization and placed in a furnace at a given temperature for 17 hours. Next, the glass block was observed under an optical microscope to examine the crystals.

[0045] The refractive index values ​​reported herein were measured at room temperature (approximately 25°C) unless otherwise specified. The refractive index of glass samples was measured using a Metricon Model 2010 prism-coupler refractometer with an error of approximately ±0.0002. Using the Metricon, the refractive index of glass samples was measured at two or more wavelengths: approximately 406 nm, 473 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, 828 nm, and 1064 nm. The measured dependence characterizes the dispersion, and by applying this to Cauchy's law or Sellmeyer's equation, the refractive index of the sample at a given wavelength of interest among the above multiple measurement wavelengths could be calculated. (Term: "refractive index n") d In this specification, the term "refractive index n" is used to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, which corresponds to the helium d-line wavelength. CIn this specification, the term "refractive index n" is used to refer to the refractive index at a wavelength of 656.3 nm, calculated as described above. F In this specification, the term "refractive index n" is used to refer to the refractive index at a wavelength of 486.1 nm, calculated as described above. g In this specification, "f" is used to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 435.8 nm.

[0046] As used herein, the term “high refractive index” or “high index” refers to the refractive index of glass that is at least 1.85 when measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, unless otherwise specified. Where specified, “high refractive index” refers to the refractive index of glass that is at least 1.85, 1.90, 1.95, or 2.00 when measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm. The term “high refractive index parameter” refers to the refractive index parameter P that is 1.85 or higher, at least 1.90, 1.95, or 2.00. n This refers to the value of [the object].

[0047] Where used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term "internal transmittance" refers to the transmittance through a glass sample corrected for Fresnel loss. The term "transmittance" refers to the transmittance value without considering Fresnel loss. The transmittance of a glass sample was measured for a 2 mm thick sample using an integrating sphere with a Cary 5000 spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 250 nm to 2500 nm and a resolution of 1 nm. The internal transmittance value for a 10 mm thick sample was calculated at 375 nm to 1175 nm using the measured refractive index and the measured raw transmittance.

[0048] In this specification, the term "blue light" refers to light with wavelengths ranging from approximately 330 nm to approximately 480 nm. The term "internal transmittance for blue light" refers to the transmittance for blue light that has been corrected for Fresnel loss. The term "transmittance for blue light" refers to the transmittance for blue light that does not take Fresnel loss into account.

[0049] Embodiments of this disclosure generally relate to silicic acid and borosilicate glasses having a high refractive index and low density. In some embodiments, the glasses may also be characterized by high transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. The glasses of this disclosure may contain silica (SiO2) and boron oxide (B2O3) as glass-forming agents, and one or more additional modifiers and / or refractive index enhancers, such as monovalent and divalent metal oxides, ZrO2, La2O3, Nb2O5, TiO2, and Gd2O3. In some embodiments, the glasses may contain relatively low amounts of TiO2, and relatively high amounts of La2O3, ZrO2, and / or other low-absorbing oxide species.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass described herein comprises silicon dioxide (SiO2) and / or boron oxide (B2O3) as a glass-forming agent. Increasing the amount of glass-forming oxides such as SiO2 and B2O3 can correspondingly increase the viscosity at a given temperature, thereby protecting the molten material from crystallization during cooling and thus providing a glass with a lower critical cooling rate. In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure may contain both SiO2 and B2O3 to provide a glass with a desired critical cooling rate, i.e., a desired degree of glass-forming ability.

[0051] According to some embodiments, the glass composition may contain silica (SiO2) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain SiO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 12.0 mol% or more, 14.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 44.0 mol% or more, 46.0 mol% or more, or 48.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain SiO2 in amounts of 50.0 mol% or less, 48.0 mol% or less, 46.0 mol% or less, 44.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains SiO2 in the following concentrations: 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 46.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 14.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 14.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%, 14.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 14.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 14.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 14.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 48.0 mol%, and 3 0.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~44.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~35.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 25.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 25.0 It may be included in amounts of mol% to 45.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 12.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 21.0 mol% to 42.0 mol%, or 10.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%.

[0052] According to some embodiments, the glass composition may contain boron oxide (B2O3) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 51.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 14.0 mol% or more, 14.5 mol% or more, 17.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, or 50.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in amounts of 51.0 mol% or less, 50.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains B2O3 in the following concentrations: 0.0 mol% to 51.0 mol%, 14.5 mol% to 51.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 14.5 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 14.5 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 51.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, and 1 It may be included in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 14.5 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 14.5 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 14.5 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 14.5 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 51.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 14.0 mol% to 48.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, or 13.0 mol% to 38.0 mol%.

[0053] However, the combination of SiO2 and B2O3 may result in a decrease in refractive index, which may make it more difficult to provide glass with the desired high refractive index. Therefore, in some embodiments, the total amount of SiO2 and B2O3 (SiO2 + B2O3) in the glass may be limited. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain a total of (SiO2 + B2O3) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, as well as all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain (SiO2 + B2O3) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 44.0 mol% or more, 46.0 mol% or more, or 48.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain (SiO2 + B2O3) in amounts of 50.0 mol% or less, 48.0 mol% or less, 46.0 mol% or less, 44.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or less.In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains (SiO2 + B2O3) in concentrations of 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 46.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 46.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, and 10.0 mol It may be included in amounts of %~20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~48.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 25.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 7.0 mol%~45.0 mol%, 24.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 17.0 mol%~42.0 mol%, 9.0 mol%~33.0 mol%, 3.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, or 3.0 mol%~44.0 mol%.

[0054] In some embodiments, the ratio of the amount of B2O3 to the amount of SiO2 in mole percent of oxide (B2O3 / SiO2) of the glass composition may be at least 0.050. For example, the above ratio (B2O3 / SiO2) in mole percent of oxide may be at least 0.050, at least 0.10, at least 0.9, at least 1.1, at least 1.5, at least 1.7, at least 2.0, at least 2.5, at least 3.0, at least 3.5, at least 4.0, at least 4.5, at least 5.5, at least 6, at least 10, at least 100, or at least 1000.

[0055] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain phosphorus oxide (P2O5) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 17.0 mol% or more, 18.0 mol% or more, or 19.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in amounts of 20.0 mol% or less, 19.0 mol% or less, 18.0 mol% or less, 17.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains P2O5 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 17.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 17.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, and 5.0 mol% to 1 It may be included in amounts of 8.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 17.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 19.0 mol%, 9.0 mol% to 16.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, or 1.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass may include one or more refractive index enhancers added to increase the refractive index of the glass. Examples of refractive index enhancers that can be used with the glass of the present disclosure include titania (TiO2), niobia (Nb2O5), zirconia (ZrO2), and other rare earth metal oxides.

[0057] Titania (TiO2) is generally expected to increase the refractive index of glass, along with achieving low density and / or acceptable low dispersion. In some cases, titania may produce yellow or brown glass, which can be addressed by dissolution and / or annealing under oxidizing conditions, and / or bleaching by adding one or more oxidizing agents, such as CeO2, As2O5, and Mn2O3, to the glass batch. In some cases, too much titania may be counteracted by refractory species, such as rutile (TiO2), sphene (CaTiSiO5), and titanium niobate (e.g., Ti2Nb). 10 O 29 Titania may cause crystallization, which can raise the liquidus temperature of the glass and potentially reduce the glass-forming properties of the molten material. Furthermore, at high concentrations, titania may cause liquid-liquid separation of the molten material, which can lead to a loss of glass transmittance.

[0058] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain titania (TiO2) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 7.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 13.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 50.0 mol% or more, 52.0 mol% or more, or 54.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in amounts of 55.0 mol% or less, 54.0 mol% or less, 52.0 mol% or less, 50.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 33.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains TiO2 in the following concentrations: 0.0 mol% to 55.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.3 mol% to 35.0 mol%, 0.3 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, and 6.0 mol It may be included in amounts of %~20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%~33.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 12.0 mol%~33.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~52.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol%~33.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~54.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 30.0 mol%~40.0 mol%, 40.0 mol%~54.0 mol%, 40.0 mol%~52.0 mol%, 40.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 24.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 28.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, or 28.0 mol%~50.0 mol%.

[0059] In some aspects of this disclosure, Niobia (Nb2O5) can be used, similar to titania, to increase the refractive index of glass while maintaining a low density. However, Niobia may introduce a yellow coloration into the glass that cannot be bleached in the same manner as titania, which may result in a loss of transmittance, particularly in the blue and UV ranges. Like titania, Niobia may cause crystallization and / or phase separation of the molten material. In some cases, Niobia may result in high light dispersion in the glass, which may be significantly higher than that induced by adding titania and any other refractive index enhancer at similar concentrations. Since the effect of Niobia may be influenced by other components of the glass, it can be difficult to determine the exact limit of Niobia. Accordingly, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the amount of Niobia is limited to 20 mol% or less, and in some cases the glass may not contain Niobia, or may substantially not contain it. However, in some cases, the amount of niobia present may be greater than 20 mol%, for example, based on the content of the glass components and / or when high blue transmittance is not a strong preference.

[0060] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less, as well as all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 2.2 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 44.0 mol% or more, 46.0 mol% or more, or 48.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 in amounts of 50.0 mol% or less, 48.0 mol% or less, 46.0 mol% or less, 44.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 12.3 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains Nb2O5 in concentrations of 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 12.5 mol%, 2.2 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 2.2 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 45.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 46.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, and 6.0 mol% to 30. It may be included in amounts of 0.0 mol%, 6.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 48.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 46.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.3 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.3 mol% to 12.3 mol%, 12.0 mol% to 34.0 mol%, or 4.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%.

[0061] Zirconia (ZrO2) is another example of an oxide that can increase the refractive index while maintaining an acceptable low density of the glass of this disclosure. In some cases, ZrO2 can provide the glass with a higher density at similar refractive index values ​​compared to TiO2 and Nb2O5. ZrO2 can also increase the viscosity of the molten material, which may help protect the molten material from crystallization. In contrast to other refractive index enhancers such as TiO2 and Nb2O5, which can provide a low density to the glass, ZrO2 does not introduce coloration into the glass in the visible and near-UV ranges, which may help maintain the high transmittance of the glass. However, high concentrations of zirconia may cause crystallization of refractory inorganic materials such as zirconia (ZrO2), zircon (ZrSiO4), and calcium zirconate (CaZrO3), which may increase the liquidus temperature. As a result, crystallization may occur at relatively low viscosity, which may reduce the glass-forming properties of the molten material (i.e., the critical cooling rate may increase). To address these challenges, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the concentration of zirconia in the glass is 20.0 mol% or less, and in some examples, the glass contains no zirconia or is substantially free of zirconia. In some cases, such as when the requirements for glass formation are low, the glass may contain a larger amount of zirconia.

[0062] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain zirconia (ZrO2) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 25.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZrO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 2.3 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 22.0 mol% or more, 23.0 mol% or more, or 24.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZrO2 in amounts of 25.0 mol% or less, 24.0 mol% or less, 23.0 mol% or less, 22.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains ZrO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%, and 5.0 mol% to 2 It may be included in amounts of 0.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 24.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 23.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.3 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.3 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 4.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, or 8.0 mol% to 19.0 mol%.

[0063] In some embodiments, rare earth metal oxides may be added to the glass composition to increase the refractive index of the glass of the Disclosure. Examples of rare earth metal oxides that can be added to the glass of the Disclosure include La2O3, Gd2O3, and Yb2O3. 3、Examples include Y2O3 and Sc2O3. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises at least one rare earth metal oxide selected from La2O3, Gd2O3, Yb2O3, and combinations thereof. Oxides of the last two elements, namely Y2O3 and Sc2O3, can also provide the glass with a relatively low density, lower than titania and niobia at similar refractive indices. However, scandium oxide (Sc2O3) can be expensive and therefore undesirable for mass production. In some cases, Sc2O3 may be acceptable if the cost of the glass batch is a low priority. The cost of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) is lower than that of scandium oxide. However, in some cases, Y2O3, even at relatively low concentrations, can reduce the glass-forming properties of the glass (i.e., increase the critical cooling rate). Therefore, according to some embodiments of this disclosure, the glass may not contain, or may substantially not contain, Y2O3. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain yttria (Y2O3) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, as well as all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Y2O3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.2 mol% or more, 0.4 mol% or more, 0.6 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 4.4 mol% or more, 4.6 mol% or more, or 4.8 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Y2O3 in amounts of 5.0 mol% or less, 4.8 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.4 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, 0.6 mol% or less, 0.4 mol% or less, or 0.2 mol% or less.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Y2O3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.4 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, or 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%.

[0064] Among rare earth metal oxides, excluding Y2O3 and Sc2O3, lanthanum oxide (La2O3) can be a preferred refractive index enhancer in some embodiments. La2O3 can provide the glass of this disclosure with a lower density at a similar refractive index compared to several other rare earth metal oxides. La2O3 can also provide acceptablely good glass formation and is the most cost-effective among the rare earth metal oxides. Therefore, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the glass composition may contain at least a small amount of La2O3. However, in some cases, if the concentration of La2O3 becomes too high, lanthanum oxide can be replaced by lanthanum silicate (La4Si3O). 12 La2O3 can cause precipitation of refractory species such as La2SiO5 (La2SiO5, La2Si2O7), lanthanum borate (LaBO3, LaB3O6), lanthanum niobate (LaNbO4), lanthanum zirconate (La2ZrO5, La2Zr2O7), and lanthanum titanate (La2TiO5, La2Ti2O7), which can raise the liquidus temperature of the glass and reduce the glass-forming properties of the composition. Furthermore, high concentrations of La2O3 can stimulate phase separation in the molten material, resulting in a loss of transmittance in the resulting glass. Similar adverse effects can occur with the addition of other rare earth metal oxides at high concentrations.

[0065] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain lanthanum oxide (La2O3) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 33.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain La2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 13.5 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 25.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 31.0 mol% or more, or 32.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain La2O3 in amounts of 33.0 mol% or less, 32.0 mol% or less, 31.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 25.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains La2O3 in the following concentrations: 0.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, and 1 It may be included in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 13.5 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 31.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 32.0 mol%, 13.0 mol% to 26.0 mol%, or 4.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%.

[0066] Optionally, other rare earth metal oxides such as Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 can be added to the glass composition. While rare earth metal oxides such as Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 can help maintain the high refractive index and good transmittance of the glass, they may undesirably increase the density of the glass. To address these issues, some embodiments of this disclosure provide RE in the glass composition. m O n This includes limiting the content of rare earth metal oxides (RE). In some embodiments, the glass composition is rare earth metal oxide (RE m O n The total content of ) may be between 0.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%, and within the entire range and partial range between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition is RE m O n It may contain in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 6.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 44.0 mol% or more, 46.0 mol% or more, or 48.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the above glass composition is RE m O n It may contain in amounts of 50.0 mol% or less, 48.0 mol% or less, 46.0 mol% or less, 44.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, 30.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 6.0 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition is RE m O nto 0.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~44.0 mol%, 0.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~44.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 2.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 4.0 mol%~44.0 mol%, 4.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 4.0 mol%~20.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~46.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~30.0 mol%, 6.0 mol%~2 It may be included in amounts of 0.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 46.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 46.0 mol%, 20.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 48.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 44.0 mol%, 7.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 12.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, or 2.0 mol% to 17.0 mol%.

[0067] In some embodiments, the glass of the Disclosure may optionally contain further and / or other refractive index enhancers, such as tungsten oxide (WO3), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), thorium oxide (ThO2), and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), which may be used in small amounts if present. In some embodiments, the glass of the Disclosure may not contain or substantially contain tungsten oxide (WO3), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), thorium oxide (ThO2), or bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). In some embodiments, the glass may optionally contain further and / or other refractive index enhancers selected from vanadium (V2O5), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), germania (GeO2), tellurium oxide (TeO2), fluorides (e.g., ZrF4, LaF3, etc.), and thallium oxide (Tl2O). Refractive index enhancers such as V2O5, MoO3, GeO2, TeO2, fluorides, and Tl2O may be used in some cases, although they may be less desirable in some situations due to their low transmittance, cost, and / or environmental concerns.

[0068] Ta2O5 can increase the density of the glass and, in some examples, can cause crystallization of the glass molten material during cooling. Furthermore, the cost of Ta2O5 can be exorbitant. Therefore, in some embodiments, it may be preferable to limit the amount of Ta2O5 in the glass to 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, as well as all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Ta2O5 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.2 mol% or more, 0.4 mol% or more, 0.6 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 4.4 mol% or more, 4.6 mol% or more, or 4.8 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Ta2O5 in amounts of 5.0 mol% or less, 4.8 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.4 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, 0.6 mol% or less, 0.4 mol% or less, or 0.2 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Ta2O5 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.5 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.8 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, or 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%.

[0069] In some embodiments, Bi2O3 may be present in the glass in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%. For example, Bi2O3 may be present in the glass in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, or 10.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass does not contain Bi2O3 or is substantially free of it.

[0070] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain thorium oxide (ThO2) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain ThO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain ThO2 in an amount of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain ThO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 7.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 7.5 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 1.4 mol% to 5.8 mol%, 1.4 mol% to 5.0 mol%, or 3.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%.

[0071] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain tungsten oxide (WO3) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 7.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in an amount of 10.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, or 2.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.3 mol% to 9.5 mol%, or 6.6 mol% to 9.6 mol%.

[0072] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain germania (GeO2) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.4 mol% to 5.5 mol%, 5.4 mol% to 8.3 mol%, or 1.9 mol% to 6.8 mol%.

[0073] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain tellurium oxide (TeO2) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain TeO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain TeO2 in an amount of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain TeO2 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 7.5 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 1.4 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 0.7 mol% to 4.2 mol%, or 3.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%. The cost of TeO2 can be prohibitive, and undesirable in some applications, TeO2 may increase the density of the glass. Therefore, the glass preferably contains less than 10.0 mol% of TeO2. In some embodiments, the glass may not contain TeO2, or may substantially not contain it.

[0074] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain molybdenum oxide (MoO3) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain MoO3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain MoO3 in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain MoO3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 7.5 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 5.5 mol%, or 4.5 mol% to 9.2 mol%.

[0075] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain alumina (Al2O3) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Al2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.2 mol% or more, 0.4 mol% or more, 0.6 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 4.4 mol% or more, 4.6 mol% or more, or 4.8 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Al2O3 in an amount of 5.0 mol% or less, 4.8 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.4 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, 0.6 mol% or less, 0.4 mol% or less, or 0.2 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition contains Al2O3 in concentrations of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.4 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 4.0 mol%, and 0.6 It may be included in amounts of mol% to 2.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, or 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%.

[0076] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain gallia (Ga2O3) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Ga2O3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Ga2O3 in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Ga2O3 in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 7.5 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 2.4 mol% to 9.4 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.2 mol%, or 5.7 mol% to 9.0 mol%.

[0077] In some embodiments, the glass of the Disclosure may be fluorine-free or substantially fluorine-free. In some embodiments, the glass may contain 0.0 atomic% to 1.0 atomic% of fluorine. For example, the glass may contain 0.0 atomic% to 1.0 atomic%, 0.0 atomic% to 0.5 atomic%, 0.0 atomic% to 0.25 atomic%, or 0.0 atomic% to 0.1 atomic% of fluorine.

[0078] According to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass may contain one or more modifiers. As stated above, the term “modifier” refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, i.e., M2O or MO (where “M” represents a metal). Adding modifiers to the glass compositions of the present disclosure can improve the glass-forming properties of the molten material, i.e., reduce the critical cooling rate. Examples of modifiers that can be used in the glass of the present disclosure include alkali and alkaline earth modifiers such as CaO, MgO, BaO, Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, as well as other modifiers such as ZnO and Ag2O. According to one embodiment, the glass composition may contain CaO and / or Li2O, which have been found to provide a desired ratio between refractive index and density of the glass. In some embodiments, other alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides (e.g., Na2O, K2O, MgO, SrO, BaO) and other modifiers that do not cause discoloration (e.g., ZnO, Ag2O) may be included in the glass composition. While these other modifiers may not facilitate the provision of desired refractive index and / or density like CaO and Li2O, adding them to the glass composition can provide other properties. For example, adding barium oxide (BaO), potassium oxide (K2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), etc., can increase the solubility of refractive index enhancers (TiO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2, etc.) in the glass melt, which can lead to an overall increase in the refractive index of the glass and / or an increase in the refractive index-to-density ratio. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass may contain at least CaO as a modifier, as CaO has been found to provide a good balance of desired attributes of density, refractive index, and glass-forming properties. Therefore, in many examples of the present disclosure, all or at least some of the one or more modifiers present in the glass composition are in the form of CaO. In some embodiments, the glass may not contain or may substantially not contain any modifiers.

[0079] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain calcium oxide (CaO) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 30.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 20.0 mol% or more, 25.0 mol% or more, 27.0 mol% or more, 28.0 mol% or more, or 29.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in amounts of 30.0 mol% or less, 29.0 mol% or less, 28.0 mol% or less, 27.0 mol% or less, 25.0 mol% or less, 20.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 27.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 27.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 28.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 28.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 25.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 21.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 27.0 mol%, or 13.0 mol% to 22.0 mol%.

[0080] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain zinc oxide (ZnO) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZnO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZnO in an amount of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZnO in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 7.5 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 2.9 mol% to 7.2 mol%, 0.7 mol% to 7.7 mol%, or 6.5 mol% to 9.5 mol%.

[0081] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain lithium oxide (Li2O) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Li2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 1.5 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 3.99 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 7.5 mol% or more, 8.5 mol% or more, 9.0 mol% or more, or 9.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Li2O in amounts of 10.0 mol% or less, 9.5 mol% or less, 9.0 mol% or less, 8.5 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 2.5 mol% or less, 1.5 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, or 0.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Li2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 0.5 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 9.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 8.5 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 7.5 mol% to 9.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.7 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, or 1.8 mol% to 8.2 mol%.

[0082] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain barium oxide (BaO) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 10.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in an amount of 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, or 5.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 3.5 mol% to 10.5 mol%, 6.5 mol% to 11.5 mol%, or 8.9 mol% to 13.4 mol%.

[0083] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain magnesia (MgO) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain MgO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 12.0 mol% or more, 13.0 mol% or more, or 14.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain MgO in an amount of 15.0 mol% or less, 14.0 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or less, 12.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain MgO in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 14.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 14.0 mol%, 9.7 mol% to 13.5 mol%, 2.1 mol% to 7.5 mol%, or 5.4 mol% to 11.9 mol%.

[0084] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain sodium oxide (Na2O) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Na2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 7.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Na2O in an amount of 10.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, or 2.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Na2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.6 mol% to 9.9 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 6.9 mol%, or 1.1 mol% to 6.9 mol%.

[0085] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain potassium oxide (K2O) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain K2O in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 7.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain K2O in an amount of 10.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, or 2.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain K2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 4.4 mol% to 7.6 mol%, 3.8 mol% to 7.6 mol%, or 2.1 mol% to 5.8 mol%.

[0086] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain strontium oxide (SrO) in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain SrO in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, or 7.5 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain SrO in an amount of 10.0 mol% or less, 7.5 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, or 2.5 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain SrO in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 2.5 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 7.5 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 6.5 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 6.5 mol%, or 4.0 mol% to 7.3 mol%.

[0087] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain a total amount of monovalent metal oxide (R2O) between 0.0 mol% and 15.0 mol%, and within all and partial ranges of the above values. Examples of monovalent metal oxides R2O include alkali metal oxides, Ag2O, Tl2O, and other monovalent oxides. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain R2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 12.0 mol% or more, 13.0 mol% or more, or 14.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain R2O in amounts of 15.0 mol% or less, 14.0 mol% or less, 13.0 mol% or less, 12.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain R2O in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 12.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 14.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 13.0 mol%, 4.4 mol% to 14.7 mol%, 4.5 mol% to 9.5 mol%, or 4.0 mol% to 10.5 mol%.

[0088] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain the total amount of As2O3 and Sb2O3 (As2O3+Sb2O3) in mol% in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, as well as all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain (As2O3+Sb2O3) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.2 mol% or more, 0.4 mol% or more, 0.6 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 4.4 mol% or more, 4.6 mol% or more, or 4.8 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain (As2O3+Sb2O3) in amounts of 5.0 mol% or less, 4.8 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.4 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, 0.6 mol% or less, 0.4 mol% or less, or 0.2 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain (As2O3+Sb2O3) in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 1.0 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.4 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.4 mol% to 4.4 mol%, or 0.4 mol% to 2.0 mol%. It may be included in amounts of 0.6 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, or 1.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%.

[0089] In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain the total amount of ZnO and Y2O3 (ZnO + Y2O3) in mol% in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, as well as all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain (ZnO + Y2O3) in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.2 mol% or more, 0.4 mol% or more, 0.6 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 4.4 mol% or more, 4.6 mol% or more, or 4.8 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain (ZnO + Y2O3) in amounts of 5.0 mol% or less, 4.8 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.4 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, 0.6 mol% or less, 0.4 mol% or less, or 0.2 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain (ZnO + Y2O3) in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 0.2 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.4 mol% to 4.4 mol%, 0.4 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 0.6 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 4.6 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, or 3.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%.

[0090] In some embodiments, the glass composition is (RE) in mol% m O n The total of (+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) may be present in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more and 5.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition is (RE m O n(+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) may be contained in amounts of 0.0 mol% or more, 0.2 mol% or more, 0.4 mol% or more, 0.6 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 4.0 mol% or more, 4.4 mol% or more, 4.6 mol% or more, 4.8 mol% or more, or 5.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the above glass composition is (RE m O n (+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) may be contained in amounts of 5.0 mol% or less, 4.8 mol% or less, 4.6 mol% or less, 4.4 mol% or less, 4.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, 1.0 mol% or less, 0.6 mol% or less, 0.4 mol% or less, or 0.2 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the above glass composition is (RE m O n (+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) may be contained in amounts of 25.0 mol% or more and 75.0 mol% or less, and within all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the glass composition is (RE m O n The glass composition may contain (+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) in amounts of 25.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 40.0 mol% or more, 50.0 mol% or more, 60.0 mol% or more, or 70.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain (RE m O n (+TiO2+Nb2O5+ZrO2+Bi2O3+WO3) may be contained in amounts of 75.0 mol% or less, 70.0 mol% or less, 60.0 mol% or less, 50.0 mol% or less, 40.0 mol% or less, or 30.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the above glass composition is (RE m O n(TiO2 + Nb2O5 + ZrO2 + Bi2O3 + WO3) in concentrations of 25.0 mol% to 75.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 60.0 mol%, 25.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 75.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 70.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 60.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, 30.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%, 40.0 mol% to 75.0 mol%, and 40.0 mol% It may be contained in amounts of ~70.0 mol%, 40.0 mol%~60.0 mol%, 40.0 mol%~50.0 mol%, 50.0 mol%~75.0 mol%, 50.0 mol%~70.0 mol%, 50.0 mol%~60.0 mol%, 60.0 mol%~75.0 mol%, 60.0 mol%~70.0 mol%, 39.0 mol%~54.0 mol%, 32.0 mol%~65.0 mol%, or 53.0 mol%~66.0 mol%.

[0091] In some embodiments, the amount (R2O+RO-BaO) of the glass composition may be 0.0 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less, as well as all and partial ranges between the above values. In some embodiments, the amount (R2O+RO-BaO) of the glass composition may be 0.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 2.0 mol% or more, 3.0 mol% or more, 5.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 15.0 mol% or more, 17.0 mol% or more, 18.0 mol% or more, or 19.0 mol% or more. In some other embodiments, the amount (R2O+RO-BaO) of the glass composition may be 20.0 mol% or less, 19.0 mol% or less, 18.0 mol% or less, 17.0 mol% or less, 15.0 mol% or less, 10.0 mol% or less, 5.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, 2.0 mol% or less, or 1.0 mol% or less. In some further embodiments, the amount (R2O+RO-BaO) of the glass composition is 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 17.0 mol%, 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 1.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, and 3.0 mol% to 15. It may be 0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 5.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 19.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 17.0 mol%, 10.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, 15.0 mol% to 19.0 mol%, 8.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%, 3.0 mol% to 11.0 mol%, or 8.0 mol% to 18.0 mol%.

[0092] While we do not wish to be constrained by any particular theory, it has been found that when attempting to melt glass of a certain composition that does not contain a molten metal modifier, the improved glass-forming properties described above are achieved when a specific relationship is satisfied between the amount of rare earth metal oxides and the amounts of several other constituent components. In general, the total content of rare earth metal oxides RE is less than the total concentration (mol%) of (Nb2O5 + ZrO2) and does not contain a modifier. m O nGlass compositions containing (mol%) have been found to have poor glass-forming properties. For example, these compositions generally have fluorescence that results in a molten material that crystallizes while cooling at a rate of 300°C / min to less than 400°C / min, which is generally unacceptable for mass production. In these compositions, it is thought that refractory inorganic materials such as niobia and / or zirconia precipitate at high temperatures. The composition does not contain a modifier and the total content of rare earth metal oxides (RE) is greater than the total concentration (mol%) of (Nb2O5+ZrO2+SiO2). m O n When (mol%) was present, these compositions were typically found not to form glass. This is thought to be because rare earth metal oxides crystallize on their own or as solid solutions (e.g., with zirconia) at high temperatures. m O n It was found that when a mixture contains a significantly larger amount of SiO2 than the difference in concentration (mol%) between Nb2O5 and ZrO2, and does not contain a sufficiently high concentration of titania (TiO2), the high-temperature glass-forming molten material exhibits fluorescence that is prone to phase separation, crystallization, or both. It is considered that SiO2 and TiO2 may be factors that promote the phase separation and / or crystallization exhibited by these compositions.

[0093] Accordingly, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass composition is RE m O n , SiO2, Nb2O5, and ZrO2 are included in mol% amounts that satisfy at least one of the following conditions (I) and / or (II):

[0094]

number

[0095] and

[0096]

number

[0097] In some examples, glass compositions with a value of less than -1 in formula (II) tended to exhibit better glass-forming properties than glass compositions with a value in the range of -1 to 0. While we do not wish to be constrained by any theory, it is believed that both the glass compositions of this disclosure, i.e., compositions containing modifiers and compositions without modifiers that exhibit good glass-forming properties, can result in improved solubility of refractive index enhancers in the glass melt, which can contribute to improved optical properties of some of the glasses of the present invention.

[0098] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the glass described herein has a refractive index n of 1.85 or greater when measured at 587.56 nm. d In some examples, the above glass has a refractive index n of 1.85 or higher, 1.90 or higher, 1.95 or higher, 2.00 or higher, 2.05 or higher, or 2.10 or higher when measured at 587.56 nm. d In some examples, the above glass has a refractive index n of 1.85~2.10, 1.90~2.10, 1.91~2.10, 1.95~2.10, 2.00~2.10, 2.05~2.10, 1.85~2.05, 1.90~2.05, 1.91~2.05, 1.95~2.05, 2.00~2.05, 1.85~2.00, 1.90~2.00, 1.91~2.00, 1.95~2.00, 1.85~1.95, 1.90~1.95, or 1.91~1.95 when measured at 587.56 nm. d It holds.

[0099] At a given refractive index, a low density corresponds to a smaller weight for the optical element in which the glass is used. Size and weight can be important in many types of optical devices, particularly portable optical devices such as augmented reality systems. As described above, the glass of this disclosure has a high refractive index along with a low density. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the glass described herein has a density of 5.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3 The density d below RT In some examples, the glass of this disclosure has a density of 5.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3The following density d may be 5.3 g / cm 3 or less, 5.1 g / cm 3 or less, 4.9 g / cm 3 or less, 4.8 g / cm 3 or less, or 4.5 g / cm 3 or less. In some examples, the glass may have a refractive index n of 1.91 to 2.0 when measured at 587.56 nm RT and a density d of 4.3 g / cm d to 5.1 g / cm 3 when measured at 25°C. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 1.90 or more when measured at 587.56 nm 3 and a density d of 4.8 g / cm RT or less when measured at 25°C. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 1.96 or more when measured at 587.56 nm d and a density d of 4.95 g / cm 3 or less when measured at 25°C. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 1.91 or more when measured at 587.56 nm RT and a density d of 5.0 g / cm d or less when measured at 25°C. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 2.00 or more when measured at 587.56 nm 3 and a density d of 5.0 g / cm RT [[ID=�2]]or less when measured at 25°C. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 1.91 or more when measured at 587.56 nm d and a density d of 5.0 g / cm 3 or less when measured at 25°C. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 2.00 or more when measured at 587.56 nm RT and a density d of 5.0 g / cm d or less when measured at 25°C. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 2.00 or more when measured at 587.56 nm 3 and a density d of 5.0 g / cm RT or less when measured at 25°C.

[0100] In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure has a refractive index n and a density d according to formula (III):

[0101]

Number

[0102] The refractive index n and density d according to d and density d RTcan be characterized, where the refractive index n d is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm and the density is measured at 25 °C (in g / cm 3 as the unit). In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure has a refractive index n

[0103]

Equation

[0104] in accordance with Equation (IV): d and density d RT can be characterized, and the refractive index n d is measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm and the density is measured at 25 °C (in g / cm 3 ) as the unit). In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure has a refractive index n that provides a value of 0.020 or more in accordance with Equation (IV) d and density d RT can be characterized.

[0105] In some embodiments, the glass is characterized by high transmittance. Generally, the higher the transmittance of glass, the longer the path that light travels at a given optical loss, which can improve optical performance in many applications. High refractive index glass typically includes species such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 that absorb at least a portion of light, particularly light in the blue and near-UV regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In embodiments of this disclosure, the transmittance of glass may be characterized with respect to several different wavelengths in the range of about 300 nm to 2300 nm. In some applications, high transmittance in the visible and near-UV ranges (blue region) is particularly desirable. Achieving high transmittance in the blue region with high refractive index glass can be difficult. High levels of TiO2 and / or Nb2O5, which are typically used in glass to increase the refractive index, tend to reduce transmittance in the near-UV region and shift the UV cutoff to higher wavelengths. The internal transmittance of blue light (considering Fresnel loss) can be considered acceptable if the internal transmittance of a 10 mm thick sample at a wavelength of 460 nm is 90% or higher, good if it is 95% or higher at a wavelength of 460 nm, and excellent if it is 97% or higher at a wavelength of 460 nm.

[0106] In some embodiments, the above glass is given by formula (V):

[0107]

number

[0108] A refractive index n of at least 1.85 that satisfies the following conditions d (Measured at 587.56 nm), density d RT (Measured at 25°C), and transmittance index T i This is a characteristic feature, where the transmittance index T i Equation (VI):

[0109]

number

[0110] The transmittance index T is determined according to the formula (VI), where each oxide listed in formula (VI) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent. i This is the molar ratio of the colorless refractive index enhancers La2O3, Gd2O3, and ZrO2 to the total of the five refractive index enhancers La2O3, Gd2O3, ZrO2, Nb2O5, and TiO2. i The amount of this substance has been found to correlate with the blue light transmittance of the high refractive index, low density glass of this disclosure.

[0111] In some embodiments, the glass is given by formula (VII):

[0112]

number

[0113] A refractive index n of at least 1.95 that satisfies the following conditions d (Measured at 587.56 nm), density d RT (Measured at 25°C), and transmittance index T i This is a characteristic feature, where the transmittance index T i This is determined according to formula (VI) above.

[0114] Refractive index and density are two properties that can be predicted from the composition of glass. Linear regression analysis of comparative examples of glass near the composition space of the glass of the embodiments of this disclosure was performed to determine the refractive index n at a wavelength of 587.56 nm. d The composition dependence of the glass, and the density of the glass at 25°C (g / cm³). 3 We determined an equation that can predict the composition dependence of ). Equations (VIII) and (IX) below were obtained from linear regression analysis and were used to predict the refractive index and density of the glass, respectively:

[0115]

number

[0116] Here P nThis is the refractive index n of glass at a wavelength of 587.56 nm. d P is the refractive index parameter that predicts the refractive index. d This is the density of glass at 25°C (g / cm³). 3 ) is a density parameter that predicts the glass composition, and each oxide listed in equations (VIII) and (IX) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0117] Table 1 below identifies the concentration limits from which equations (VIII) and (IX) were derived. The linear regression analysis used to determine equations (VIII) and (IX) randomly selected glass samples to be used as a training dataset to advance the regression, and glass samples to be used as a validation dataset to evaluate the ability to perform interpolation within the predefined composition limits (shown in Table 1 below). The training dataset, consisting of approximately 100 glass compositions for each property, that met the criteria specified in Table 1 below and had measured values ​​of the properties of interest, was randomly selected from literature data presented in the publicly available SciGlass Information System database and from example glass samples from embodiments presented herein. Equations (VIII) and (IX) were determined using linear regression analysis of the datasets specified above, with non-significant variables and outliers removed. The resulting equations (VIII) and (IX) are presented in Table 2 below. A different portion of glass compositions meeting the same criteria was used as a validation set to evaluate the ability to perform interpolation within the predefined composition limits. This corresponds to the standard deviations specified in Table 2. This also evaluated the ability to predict specific properties outside the specified compositional limits with reasonable accuracy using an external dataset of conventional glass compositions randomly selected from the SciGlass Information System database. This process was repeated multiple times to determine the best variant for each property of interest corresponding to the regression equations specified in Table 2.

[0118] [Table 1]

[0119] [Table 2]

[0120] Figure 1 shows the density parameter P for several comparative example glasses ("Comp. Glass") and example glass ("Ex. Glass") d The measured refractive index n as a function of d Measured density d RT (Measured at 25°C, g / cm³) 3 This is a plot of the refractory density parameter P. As shown by the data in Figure 1, the refractory density parameter P d The composition dependence is ±0.090 g / cm³ of the measured density for most glasses. 3 The error was within the range of [value]. Figure 2 shows the refractive index parameter P for several comparative example glasses ("Comp. Glass") and example glass ("Ex. Glass"). n The measured refractive index n as a function of d This is a plot of the (measured at 587.56 nm) values. As shown by the data in Figure 2, the refractive index parameter P n The composition dependence of the measured refractive index n is as follows for most glasses. d It had an error within the range of ±0.019 units.

[0121] The concentration limits representing some embodiments of this disclosure are specified in Tables 3 to 6 below.

[0122] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the glass of the present invention is of formula (X):

[0123]

number

[0124] Refractive index parameter P that satisfies this condition n and density parameter P d It can have.

[0125] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the glass of the present invention is of formula (XI):

[0126]

number

[0127] Refractive index parameter P that satisfies this condition n and density parameter P d It can have.

[0128] In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure is of formula (XII):

[0129]

number

[0130] Refractive index parameter P that satisfies this condition n , density parameter P d , and the transmittance index T i It can have, where P n The value is 1.85 or greater.

[0131] In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure is of formula (XIII):

[0132]

number

[0133] Refractive index parameter P that satisfies this condition n , density parameter P d , and the transmittance index T i It can have.

[0134] In some embodiments, the glass may be characterized by good glass-forming properties, which can be evaluated as resistance to devitrification during cooling. As described above, glass-forming properties can be numerically measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the molten material, i.e., the minimum cooling rate at which the molten material forms glass without crystallization. According to one embodiment, the glass may be characterized by a critical cooling rate of 300°C / min or less, and in some examples, 100°C / min or less. In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure may be characterized by being able to cool from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes in air without crystallization. Glass characterized by this glass-forming property can be used in press molding processes.

[0135] Examples of Glass A of the Disclosure in some embodiments of the Disclosure are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3 specifies the combinations of components and the amounts of each component in some embodiments of the Disclosure. The Examples of Glass A in Table 3 may contain additional components in any embodiment of the Disclosure described herein in amounts of 0.5 mol% or less. The (B2O3 / SiO2) ratio of the Examples of Glass A in Table 3, expressed with respect to the mol% of each oxide, may be 0.05 or greater.

[0136] [Table 3]

[0137] Examples of Glass B of the Disclosure according to several embodiments of the Disclosure are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4 specifies the combinations of components and the amounts of each component according to several embodiments of the Disclosure. The Examples of Glass B in Table 4 may contain additional components according to any embodiment of the Disclosure described herein in amounts of 0.5 mol% or less. The (B2O3 / SiO2) ratio of the Examples of Glass B in Table 4, expressed with respect to the mol% of each oxide, may be 0.05 or greater.

[0138] [Table 4]

[0139] Examples of glass C of the present disclosure according to several embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in Table 5 below. Table 5 specifies combinations of components and the amounts of each component according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. The examples of glass C in Table 5 may include additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure described herein.

[0140] [Table 5]

[0141] Glass C in the embodiments of the embodiments of this disclosure also comprises one or more of the formulas (X) or (XI):

[0142]

number

[0143] and / or

[0144]

number

[0145] This can be satisfied, where P n P is a refractive index parameter determined according to equation (VIII), and P d is a density parameter determined according to equation (IX), where each oxide listed in equations (VIII) and (IX) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0146] Glass C in the embodiments of the embodiments of this disclosure also comprises one or more of formulas (III) or (IV):

[0147]

number

[0148] and / or

[0149]

Number

[0150] can be satisfied, where d RT is the density measured at 25°C in g / cm 3 as the unit, and n d is the refractive index measured at 587.56 nm.

[0151] Glass D of an example of the present disclosure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown in Table 6 below. Table 6 specifies a combination of components and the amount of each component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Glass D of the examples in Table 6 may contain additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure described herein.

[0152]

Table 6

[0153] Glass D of an example according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can have a refractive index n of 1.85 or more when measured at 587.56 nm d In some embodiments, Glass D of the example can be one or more of Formula (XII) or (XIII):

[0154]

Number

[0155] and / or

[0156]

Number

[0157] is satisfied, where P n is calculated according to Formula (VIII), and P d is calculated according to Formula (IX), and T iIt is calculated according to formula (VI).

[0158] Glass D in the embodiments of the present disclosure also comprises one or more of the formulas (V) or (VII):

[0159]

number

[0160] and / or

[0161]

number

[0162] Satisfying the condition, where d RT This was measured at 25°C, g / cm³. 3 It is a density with units of n d This is the refractive index measured at 587.56 nm, and T i It is calculated according to formula (VI).

[0163] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a dose of 5.5 g / cm³ (when measured at 25°C). 3 A high refractive index n of 1.90 or greater, and in some embodiments greater than 2.0, along with the following densities and optionally one or more further desired features. d Glass characterized by the above can be provided. In some embodiments, the glass of the present disclosure has equivalent density and refractive index n d Compared to some conventional boric diatomaceous glass having a refractive index n, this invention can provide improved glass-forming properties. Such improved glass-forming properties can simplify manufacturing, reduce costs, and / or improve the quality of the final glass product. In some embodiments, the glass of this disclosure has an equivalent refractive index n d Compared to conventional glass with the same and / or density characteristics, it can provide equivalent or improved blue light transmittance.

[0164] The transmittance of glass can be, at least in part, based on the constituent elements and / or process used to form the glass. Under manufacturing conditions where process parameters have already been determined / optimized, the transmittance of glass is essentially component-dependent. While we do not wish to be bound by any theory, it is thought that components such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 can reduce the blue transmittance of glass, especially when used in high concentrations. However, the use of components such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 can increase the refractive index of glass without the corresponding undesirable increase in glass density. Therefore, in some embodiments, components such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 can be added at concentrations that match the desired refractive index and density, still providing glass with an acceptable level of blue transmittance. The refractive index of the glass of the present invention can also be increased using other oxides such as ZrO2, La2O3, Gd2O3, and possibly other rare earth metal oxides. It has been shown that adding these oxides can produce glass with a desirable blue transmittance. However, these oxides may also increase density, which may be undesirable for some applications. Some of these oxides, at high concentrations, may also reduce the glass-forming properties of the composition. For example, these oxides may increase the liquidus temperature and / or precipitate a crystalline phase containing these oxides from the glass molten material at high temperatures. Among the oxides, ZrO2, La2O3, Gd2O3, TiO2, and Nb2O5, ZrO2 have been observed to have the greatest effect on the liquidus temperature in some compositions, while simultaneously having the least effect on the blue light transmittance of the glass. Therefore, attempts to increase the refractive index and / or decrease the density may have undesirable effects on the glass-forming properties of the composition. Embodiments of this disclosure still provide glass exhibiting acceptable levels of blue light transmittance and glass-forming properties for many applications, such as augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, mixed reality devices, and / or eyewear, while providing a high refractive index n of 1.90 or higher, and in some embodiments of 2.0 or higher. d 5.5 g / cm³3 It is possible to provide a glass having the following density (measured at 25 °C).

Examples

[0165] The following examples illustrate various features and advantages provided by the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present invention and the appended claims in any way.

[0166] All of the glasses of the examples and the comparative examples were prepared by melting relatively pure oxide materials. Table 7 below lists typical trump elements found in some of the oxides used in the preparation of the glasses of the examples and the comparative examples described herein.

[0167]

Table 7

[0168] To prepare the glass samples, approximately 15 grams of each sample (containing over 99.99% by weight of the target species) from the batch raw materials were melted in a platinum or platinum-rhodium crucible ((Pt:Rh=80:20)) at approximately 1300°C for 1 hour. Two controlled cooling conditions were applied. Under the first condition (referred to as the "15-minute test"), it took approximately 15 minutes to cool the sample from 1100°C to 500°C in the furnace. Under the second condition (referred to as the "2.5-minute test"), it took approximately 2.5 minutes to cool the sample from 1100°C to 500°C. Temperature readings were obtained by direct reading of the furnace temperature or using an IR camera with calibration scaling. The first test condition (15-minute test) roughly corresponds to a maximum cooling rate of 300°C / min at 1000°C (around this temperature, the cooling rate approaches its maximum), and the second test condition (2.5-minute test) roughly corresponds to a maximum cooling rate of 600°C / min at 1000°C. As the temperature decreases, the cooling rate also decreases significantly. Typical schedules for the first and second cooling systems are shown in Figure 3. Chemical analysis was not performed on the tested samples. This is because chemical analysis was performed on similar samples prepared as separate melts using the XRF method (X-ray fluorescence, all oxides except B2O3) and the ICP method (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, B2O3). These analyses yielded deviations of within ±2.0 mass% from the batch composition for major components such as Nb2O5, which are similarly present in less than approximately 1 mol%.

[0169] Table 8 below lists the glass compositions and properties of Glass 1 to 90 of the examples according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Table 8 includes observations from three devitrification tests: “Devitrification Test 1,” “Devitrification Test 2,” and “Devitrification Test 3.” “Devitrification Test 1” refers to the results of observations of glass samples molten in a 1-liter crucible under an optical microscope (magnification 100 to 500 times). The abbreviations “A,” “B,” “C,” and “D” are used as follows: No evidence of crystallization (“A”); A very small number of crystals were found under a microscope in only one or two spots in the glass and only on the surface, but more than 98% of the surface was crystal-free (“B”); There were many more crystals on the surface, but more than 90% of the glass surface was crystal-free (“C”); There were some crystals in most of the crucible, and less than 90% of the glass surface was crystal-free (“D”). “Devitrification Test 2” refers to the “15-minute test” cooling procedure described above, and “OK” is used to indicate that the glass composition passed this test. "Devitrification Test 3" refers to the "2.5-minute test" cooling procedure described above, and "OK" in the observation is used to indicate that the glass composition passed this test.

[0170] [Table 8-1]

[0171] [Table 8-2]

[0172] [Table 8-3]

[0173] [Table 8-4]

[0174] [Table 8-5]

[0175] [Table 8-6]

[0176] [Table 8-7]

[0177] [Table 8-8]

[0178] [Table 8-9]

[0179] [Table 8-10]

[0180] [Table 8-11]

[0181] [Table 8-12]

[0182] Table 9 below lists the glass compositions and properties of comparative examples 1 to 25.

[0183] [Table 9-1]

[0184] [Table 9-2]

[0185] [Table 9-3]

[0186] The reference keys for each of the comparative example glasses listed in Table 9 are as follows: [1] JP 50-018509 (Ohara Optical Glass Manufacturing Co., Ltd.); [2] JP S6033229 (Minolta Camera Co., Ltd.); [3] U.S. Registered Patent No. 10287205B2 (CDGM GLASS CO LTD); [4] U.S. Published Patent No. 2004220041 (Hikari Glass Co., Ltd.); [5] U.S. Registered Patent No. 7091145B2 (CARL-ZEISS-STIFTUNG); [6] U.S. Registered Patent No. 7598193B2 (HOYA Corporation); [7] U.S. Patent No. 8077406 (HOYA Corporation); [8] U.S. Patent No. 8207075 (Ohara Corporation); [9] U.S. Registered Patent No. 8661853B2 (HOYA Corporation);

[10] U.S. Registered Patent No. 9169152B2 (CDGM GLASS CO.LTD);

[11] International Publication No. 2017110304A1.

[0187] Figure 4 shows the density parameter P for some of the example glasses and some of the comparative example glasses. d and refractive index parameter P n This plot shows the relationship between the two. The glasses in the above-mentioned examples (black circles) are Examples 5, 10, 14, 16-21, and 25-56 from Table 8. The glasses in the above-mentioned comparative examples (white circles) are Comparative Examples C1-C4 from Table 9. The refractive index parameter P predicts the refractive index at 587.56 nm. n The density parameter P predicts the density at room temperature. dThis is determined according to formula (IX), where the chemical formulas listed in formula (IX) refer to the amount of the corresponding component in the glass, expressed in mole percent. All the example glasses and comparative example glasses shown in Figure 4 have the characteristics specified in Table 10 below. In Table 10, if there is an entry "No restrictions," this refers to restrictions that were not considered when selecting the composition. In Figure 4, some of the compositions listed above may be labeled for improved visibility.

[0188] [Table 10]

[0189] The comparative example glasses listed above are known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 10, with equivalent density parameter P values. d And the highest refractive index parameter P n It has been selected as having [a certain characteristic].

[0190] The line corresponding to the equation y = 0.815 + 0.25*x shown in Figure 4 provides a visual representation of the difference between the comparative example glass having the characteristics specified in Table 10 and the examples 5, 10, 14, 16-21, and 25-56 of the present disclosure. As can be seen in Figure 4, above the line y = 0.815 + 0.25*x, there are the examples of the above-mentioned glass shown in Figure 4 (black circles), but not the comparative example glass (white circles). Here, y is the refractive index parameter P n Corresponding to this, x is the density parameter P d This corresponds to the following equation (X):

[0191]

number

[0192] Some of the glass in the examples shown in Figure 4 satisfy this condition, while the glass in the comparative examples does not.

[0193] As can also be seen in Figure 4, some of the glasses from the examples shown in Figure 4 are above the line y = 0.850 + 0.25*x, while none of the glasses from the comparative examples are above it. Here, y is the refractive index parameter P. n Corresponding to this, x is the density parameter P d This corresponds to equation (XI):

[0194]

number

[0195] The glass in the above-described embodiment shown in Figure 4 satisfies this condition, while the glass in the comparative example does not.

[0196] The data shown in Figure 4 indicates that, under the conditions specified in Table 10 above, some of the glasses of the examples from this disclosure have a comparable density parameter P than the best of the comparative example glasses meeting the same conditions. d At a higher refractive index parameter P n This indicates that the glass in these examples has a density d at room temperature of an equivalent value among the glasses described above. RT The refractive index n is highest at 587.56 nm. d This can be interpreted as meaning that it is predicted to have a value of n. In other words, the glass of the embodiment shown in Figure 4 has a high refractive index n among the known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 10. d and low density d at room temperature RT This is expected to provide improved combinations.

[0197] Figure 5 shows the density d at room temperature for some of the example glasses and some of the comparative example glasses. RT and the refractive index n at 587.56 nm dThis is a plot showing the relationship between the two. The example glass (black circle) described above is Example 25 from Table 8. The comparative example glass (white circle) described above is Comparative Examples C2 and C5 from Table 9. All example and comparative example glasses shown in Figure 5 have the characteristics specified in Table 11. In Table 11, if an entry "No restrictions" exists, this refers to restrictions that were not considered when selecting the composition. In Figure 5, some of the compositions listed above may be labeled for improved visibility.

[0198] [Table 11]

[0199] The comparative example glass listed above is one of the known glasses having the above-described characteristics specified in Table 11, with a density d measured at 25°C of equivalent value. RT (g / cm 3 ) and the refractive index n at the highest 587.56 nm d It has been selected as having the following measurement values.

[0200] The line corresponding to the equation y = 0.815 + 0.25*x shown in Figure 5 provides a visual representation of the difference between the comparative example glass having the characteristics specified in Table 11 and the example glass 25 according to this disclosure. As can be seen in Figure 5, the glass of the above-mentioned example (black circle) shown in Figure 5 is above the line y = 0.815 + 0.25*x, while the comparative example glass (white circle) is not. Here, y is the refractive index n d Corresponding to this, x is density d RT This corresponds to the following equation (III):

[0201]

number

[0202] Some of the glass in the examples shown in Figure 5 satisfy this condition, while the glass in the comparative examples does not.

[0203] As can also be seen in Figure 5, some of the glass from the examples shown in Figure 5 are above the line y = 0.850 + 0.25*x, while none of the glass from the comparative example is above it. Here, y is the refractive index n d Corresponding to this, x is density d RT This corresponds to equation (IV):

[0204]

number

[0205] The glass in the above-described embodiment shown in Figure 5 satisfies this condition, while the glass in the comparative example does not.

[0206] The data shown in Figure 5 indicates that, under the conditions specified in Table 11 above, some of the glasses of the examples from this disclosure have a comparable density d than the best of the comparative example glasses meeting the same conditions. RT Value (measured at 25°C, g / cm³) 3 ) at a higher refractive index n at 587.56 nm d This indicates that the measured values ​​are such that, according to the measured properties, the glass of these examples has equivalent d values ​​among the glasses described above. RT The highest n d This can be interpreted as having a value of n. In other words, the glass of the embodiment shown in Figure 5, according to its measured properties, has a high refractive index n among the known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 11. d and density d at low room temperature RT and provides improved combination Tables 10 and 11, and the values ​​of all attributes specified by formulas (X), (XI), (III), and (IV) for comparative example glasses C1 to C5 plotted in Figures 4 and 5, are shown in Table 12 below. The complete compositions of the comparative example glasses are shown in Table 9. The complete compositions and attributes of the examples of glasses from this disclosure are shown in Table 8.

[0207] [Table 12]

[0208] Accordingly, referring to Figures 4 and 5, both the predicted and measured characteristic data indicate that the glasses of some embodiments from this disclosure have a higher refractive index at 587.56 nm compared to the best of the comparative example glasses, having the features specified in Tables 10 and 11. d and low density d RT (Measured at 25°C, g / cm³) 3 It has been confirmed that it has an improved combination with ).

[0209] Figure 6 shows the transmittance index T for some of the example glasses and some of the comparative example glasses. i and quantity P n -(0.815+0.25*P d This is a plot showing the relationship between ). The glasses of the above-mentioned examples (black circles) are Examples 5, 8-10, 12, 14-21, 25-32, 34, 35, 44, 45, 57, 59-61, 63-73, 75-86, and 88-90 from Table 8. The glasses of the above-mentioned comparative examples (white circles) are Comparative Examples C6-C15 from Table 9. The refractive index parameter P predicts the refractive index at 587.56 nm. n The density parameter P predicts the density at room temperature. d The transmittance index T was determined according to equation (IX). i The formula was determined according to formula (VI). All of the example and comparative example glasses shown in Figure 6 have the characteristics specified in Table 13 below. In Table 13, if an entry “No restrictions” exists, this refers to restrictions that were not considered when selecting the composition. In Figure 6, some of the compositions listed above may be labeled for improved visibility.

[0210] [Table 13]

[0211] The comparative example glasses listed above are known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 13, with equivalent transmittance index T values. i And the largest quantity P n -(0.815+0.25*P d It is selected as having ).

[0212] The line corresponding to the equation y = 0.16 - 0.38*x shown in Figure 6 provides a visual representation of the difference between the comparative example glass having the characteristics specified in Table 13 and the examples of the present disclosure glass 5, 8-10, 12, 14-21, 25-32, 34, 35, 44, 45, 57, 59-61, 63-73, 75-86, and 88-90. As can be seen in Figure 6, above the line y = 0.16 - 0.38*x, there are the examples of the above-mentioned glass shown in Figure 6 (black circles), but not the comparative example glass (white circles). Here, y is the quantity P n -(0.815+0.25*P d ) corresponds to the transmittance index T i This corresponds to the following equation (XII):

[0213]

number

[0214] Some of the glass in the examples shown in Figure 6 satisfy this condition, while the glass in the comparative examples does not.

[0215] As can also be seen in Figure 6, some of the glass from the examples shown in Figure 6 are above the line y = 0.20 - 0.38*x, while none of the glass from the comparative example is above it. Here, y is the quantity P. n -(0.815+0.25*P d ) corresponds to the transmittance index T i This corresponds to equation (XIII):

[0216]

number

[0217] The glass in the above-described embodiment shown in Figure 6 satisfies this condition, while the glass in the comparative example does not.

[0218] This means that, under the conditions specified in Table 13 above, some of the glasses of the examples from this disclosure have an equivalent transmittance index T than the best of the comparative example glasses that meet the same conditions. i A larger quantity P in the value n -(0.815+0.25*P d This means that the glass of these examples has a transmittance index T of an equivalent value among the glasses described above. i The largest quantity in "n d -(0.815+0.25*d RT This can be interpreted as meaning that it is predicted to have a value of ")". In other words, the glass of the embodiment shown in Figure 6 is one of the known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 13, with a transmittance index T i and quantity "n d -(0.815+0.25*d RT It is expected to provide an improvement in combination with )".

[0219] Figure 7 shows the transmittance index T for some of the example glasses and some of the comparative example glasses. i and quantity n d -(0.815+0.25*d RT This is a plot showing the relationship between ). The example glasses (black circles) described above are Examples 25, 57, and 61 from Table 8. The comparative example glasses (white circles) described above are comparative examples C5, C6, C8, C12-C14, and C16-C25 from Table 9. All example and comparative example glasses shown in Figure 7 have the characteristics specified in Table 14. In Table 14, if an entry "No restrictions" exists, this refers to restrictions that were not considered when selecting the composition. In Figure 7, some of the compositions listed above may be labeled for improved visibility.

[0220] [Table 14]

[0221] The comparative example glass listed above is one of the known glasses having the characteristics described above as specified in Table 14, with a transmittance index T of an equivalent value. i So, quantity n d -(0.815+0.25*d RT It has been selected as having the maximum measured value of ).

[0222] The line corresponding to the equation y = 0.16 - 0.38*x shown in Figure 7 provides a visual representation of the difference between the comparative example glass having the characteristics specified in Table 14 and the examples 25, 57, and 61 of the present disclosure. As can be seen in Figure 7, above the line y = 0.16 - 0.38*x, there are the examples of the above-mentioned glass shown in Figure 7 (black circles), but not the comparative example glass (white circles). Here, y is the quantity n. d -(0.815+0.25*d RT ) corresponds to the transmittance index T i This corresponds to the following equation (V):

[0223]

number

[0224] Some of the glass in the examples shown in Figure 7 satisfy this condition, while the glass in the comparative examples does not.

[0225] As can also be seen in Figure 7, some of the glass from the examples shown in Figure 7 are above the line y = 0.20 - 0.38*x, while none of the glass from the comparative example is above it. Here, y is the quantity n. d -(0.815+0.25*d RT ) corresponds to the transmittance index T i This corresponds to equation (VII):

[0226]

number

[0227] The glass in the above-described embodiment shown in Figure 7 satisfies this condition, while the glass in the comparative example does not.

[0228] This means that, under the conditions specified in Table 14 above, some of the glasses of the examples from this disclosure have an equivalent transmittance index T than the best of the comparative example glasses that meet the same conditions. i In the measurement of n, a larger quantity d -(0.815+0.25*d RT This means that, according to the measured properties, the glass of these examples has a transmittance index T of an equivalent value among the glasses described above. i The largest quantity in "n d -(0.815+0.25*d RT This can be interpreted as having a value of "). In other words, the glass of the embodiment shown in Figure 7, according to the measured properties, has the transmittance index T among the known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 14. i and quantity "n d -(0.815+0.25*d RT This provides an improvement in combination with )".

[0229] Tables 13 and 14, as well as the values ​​of all attributes specified by formulas (XII), (XIII), (V), and (VII) for comparative example glasses C5 to C25 plotted in Figures 6 and 7, are shown in Table 15 below. The complete compositions of the above comparative example glasses are shown in Table 9. The complete compositions and attributes of the glasses of the examples from this disclosure are shown in Table 8.

[0230] [Table 15-1]

[0231] [Table 15-2]

[0232] [Table 15-3]

[0233] Accordingly, referring to Figures 6 and 7, both the predicted and measured characteristic data indicate that the glasses of some embodiments from this disclosure have a higher refractive index at 587.56 nm compared to the best of the comparative example glasses, having the features specified in Tables 13 and 14. d And the density d at room temperature RT and the transmittance index T i It is confirmed that it has an improved combination with [the other component].

[0234] The following non-limiting aspects are included in this disclosure. Additional aspects may be formed by combining, in part or in whole, any one of the features of aspects 1 through 27 of this disclosure with any one or more features of the other aspects of this disclosure, to the extent not yet described, even if such combinations are not expressly described.

[0235] Numerous modifications and alterations may be made to the embodiments described herein without substantially departing from the spirit and various principles of this disclosure. All such modifications and alterations are intended to be incorporated herein within the scope of this disclosure and are protected by the following claims.

[0236] To the extent not yet described, multiple features from various aspects of this disclosure may be used in combination with each other as needed. The absence of a particular feature in relation to each aspect of this disclosure is not intended to be interpreted as meaning that the feature cannot exist, but is done for clarity and conciseness. Thus, multiple features from different aspects may be mixed or adapted as needed to form new aspects, regardless of whether these new aspects are explicitly disclosed.

[0237] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in separate sections.

[0238] Embodiment 1 SiO2 in a concentration of 14.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%; B2O3 exceeding 0.0 mol%; 5.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% TiO2; 2.2 mol% to 50.0 mol% Nb2O5; 2.5 mol% to 25.0 mol% ZrO2; 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% rare earth metal oxides (RE m O n ) total content; and If present, other oxide species present at a concentration of 0.5 mol% or less Glass containing, The ratio of the amount of B2O3 to the amount of SiO2 in the molar percentage of the oxide (B2O3 / SiO2) is at least 0.050. The above glass is glass that is substantially free of Y2O3.

[0239] Embodiment 2 The above glass is: 12.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% TiO2; 2.5 mol% to 13.0 mol% of ZrO2; and 2.2 mol% to 30.0 mol% Nb2O5 The glass according to Embodiment 1, comprising at least one of the following.

[0240] Embodiment 3 The glass described above is the glass according to Embodiment 1 or 2, containing 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% of B2O3.

[0241] Embodiment 4 Rare earth metal oxides (RE m O n The glass according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the total content of the above is 10.0 mol% to 30.0 mol%.

[0242] Embodiment 5 The glass according to Embodiment 4, wherein at least one of the above one or more rare earth metal oxides is selected from the group consisting of La2O3, Gd2O3, and Yb2O3.

[0243] Embodiment 6 The above glass is: 3.0 mol% to 12.0 mol% Nb2O5 The glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, further comprising the above.

[0244] Embodiment 7 The above glass is: When measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n is 1.90 to 2.10. d and 5.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3 The density d below RT A glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, having the following characteristics.

[0245] Embodiment 8 The above glass is: Refractive index n measured at 587.56 nm d and Density d measured at 25℃ RT (g / cm 3 ) It has, The above glass is given by formula (III):

[0246]

number

[0247] A glass according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7 that satisfies the requirements.

[0248] Embodiment 9 The above glass is based on the amount of each oxide in mole percent units, as shown by formulas (I) and (II):

[0249]

number

[0250] and

[0251]

number

[0252] Satisfying at least one of the following, where RE m O n The glass according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, wherein is the total content of rare earth metal oxides as described above, expressed in mole percent.

[0253] Embodiment 10 The glass described above is characterized in that it can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization, as described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 9.

[0254] Embodiment 11 The above glass is: 14.0 mol% to 36.0 mol% of SiO2; and 14.0 mol% to 48.0 mol% B2O3 Includes, The glass described above is the glass according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 10, containing a total of 50.0 mol% or less of (SiO2 + B2O3).

[0255] Embodiment 12 B2O3 in concentrations of 1.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%; 13.5 mol% or more of La2O3; 0.0 mol% or more of SiO2, provided that the total of (SiO2 + B2O3) is between 1.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%; and At least one oxide selected from rare earth metal oxides, Al2O3, Nb2O5, TiO2, ThO2, GeO2, P2O5, ZnO, Y2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, Er2O3, Gd2O3, K2O, La2O3, Li2O, Na2O, Nd2O3, PbO, TeO2, WO3, Yb2O3, and ZrO2, The concentration of Nb2O5 is between 0.0 mol% and 12.3 mol%. The TiO2 content ranges from 0.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%. ThO2 is present in a range of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, GeO2 is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, The amount of P2O5 is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. Al2O3 is present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, The total amount of (ZnO + Y2O3) is between 0.0 mol% and 2.5 mol%. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The above glass is given by formula (X):

[0256]

number

[0257] The condition is satisfied, and here P n is the refractive index parameter of the above glass, and is given by equation (VIII):

[0258]

number

[0259] It is calculated according to, P d is the density parameter, and is given by equation (IX):

[0260]

number

[0261] A glass calculated according to the formula (VIII) and formula (IX), where each oxide listed in formulas (VIII) and (IX) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0262] Embodiment 13 The above glass is: Refractive index n measured at 587.56 nmd and Density d measured at 25℃ RT (g / cm 3 ) It has, The above glass is given by formula (III):

[0263]

number

[0264] The glass according to embodiment 12, which satisfies the requirements.

[0265] Embodiment 14 The above glass is: 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% B2O3; 13.5 mol% to 30.0 mol% of La2O3; and SiO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more to 20.0 mol% Glass according to embodiment 12 or 13, including the glass described in embodiment 12 or 13.

[0266] Embodiment 15 The above glass is: 0.3 mol% to 33.0 mol% of TiO2; and 0.3 mol% to 12.3 mol% Nb2O5 The glass according to any one of embodiments 12 to 14, comprising at least one of the above.

[0267] Embodiment 16 The above glass is: 0.3 mol% to 15.0 mol% ZrO2; 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% CaO; 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol% of BaO; and 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol% K2O The glass according to any one of embodiments 12 to 15, comprising at least one of the above.

[0268] Embodiment 17 The above glass is: When measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n is 1.90 to 2.10. d and 5.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3 The density d below RT A glass according to any one of embodiments 12 to 16, having the following characteristics.

[0269] Embodiment 18 The above glass is based on the amount of each oxide in mole percent units, as shown by formulas (I) and (II):

[0270]

number

[0271] and

[0272]

number

[0273] Satisfying at least one of the following, where RE m O n The glass according to any one of Embodiments 12 to 17, wherein is the total content of rare earth metal oxides as expressed in mole percent.

[0274] Embodiment 19 The glass described above is characterized in that it can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization, as described in any one of embodiments 12 to 18.

[0275] Embodiment 20 14.5 mol% or more of B2O3; SiO2 of 2.0 mol% or more, where the total of (SiO2 + B2O3) is between 3.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%; 1.0 mol% to 45.0 mol% Nb2O5; and At least one oxide selected from monovalent metal oxides, divalent metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, As2O3, Sb2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, MoO3, Ta2O5, GeO2, P2O5, ZnO, Y2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, Er2O3, Gd2O3, Ga2O3, K2O, La2O3, Li2O, Na2O, Nd2O3, PbO, TeO2, WO3, Yb2O3, and ZrO2, The TiO2 content ranges from 0.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%. The amount of ZrO2 is 0.0 mol% or more. The amount of Y2O3 is between 0.0 mol% and 1.0 mol%, The concentration of Ta2O5 is between 0.0 mol% and 1.5 mol%, GeO2 is present in a range of 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, The amount of CaO is between 0.0 mol% and 15.0 mol%, The amount of P2O5 is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. Al2O3 is present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, The ZnO content is between 0.0 mol% and 5.5 mol%, MoO3 is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, The MgO content is between 0.0 mol% and 15.0 mol%, The amount of Ga2O3 is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%, Li2O is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, TeO2 is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, The total content of monovalent metal oxides (R2O) is 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, Rare earth metal oxides (RE m O n The total content of ) is 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, The total amount of (As2O3 + Sb2O3) is between 0.0 mol% and 1.0 mol%, (RE m O n The total of (TiO2 + Nb2O5 + ZrO2 + Bi2O3 + WO3) is 25.0 mol% or more. The total content of (R2O + RO - BaO) is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%, where RO is the total content of divalent metal oxides. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The above glass is also substantially fluorine-free, The above glass is given by formula (XII):

[0276]

number

[0277] The condition is satisfied, and here P n is a refractive index parameter with a value of 1.85 or greater, and is given by equation (VIII):

[0278]

number

[0279] It is calculated according to P d Equation (IX):

[0280]

number

[0281] The density parameter is calculated according to the following: T i Equation (VI):

[0282]

number

[0283] A transmittance index calculated according to formula (VIII), formula (IX), and formula (VI), where each oxide listed in formula (VIII), formula (IX), and formula (VI) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0284] Embodiment 21 The above glass is: The refractive index n is at least 1.85 when measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm. d and Density d measured at 25℃ RT (g / cm 3 ) It has, The above glass is given by formula (V):

[0285]

number

[0286] The glass according to embodiment 20, which satisfies the requirements.

[0287] Embodiment 22 The above glass is given by formula (XIII):

[0288]

number

[0289] The glass according to embodiment 20, which satisfies the requirements.

[0290] Embodiment 23 The above glass is: The refractive index n is at least 1.95 when measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm. d and Density d measured at 25℃ RT (g / cm 3 ) It has, The above glass is given by formula (VII):

[0291]

number

[0292] The glass according to embodiment 20, which satisfies the requirements.

[0293] Embodiment 24 The above glass is: When measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n is 1.90 to 2.10. d and 5.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3 The density d below RT A glass according to any one of embodiments 20 to 23, having the following characteristics.

[0294] Embodiment 25 The above glass is based on the amount of each oxide in mole percent units, as shown by formulas (I) and (II):

[0295]

number

[0296] and

[0297]

number

[0298] Satisfying at least one of the following, where RE m O n The glass according to any one of Embodiments 20 to 23, wherein is the total content of rare earth metal oxides as expressed in mole percent.

[0299] Embodiment 26 The above glass is: 2.0 mol% to 36.0 mol% of SiO2; and 14.5 mol% to 48.0 mol% B2O3 The glass according to any one of embodiments 20 to 25, including the glass described above.

[0300] Embodiment 27 The glass described above is characterized in that it can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization, as described in any one of embodiments 20 to 26.

[0301] Embodiment 28 SiO2 in a concentration of 14.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%; B2O3 exceeding 0.0 mol%; 5.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% TiO2; 2.2 mol% to 50.0 mol% Nb2O5; 2.5 mol% to 25.0 mol% ZrO2; 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% rare earth metal oxides (RE m O n ) total content; and If present, other oxide species present at a concentration of 0.5 mol% or less Glass containing, The ratio of the amount of B2O3 to the amount of SiO2 (B2O3 / SiO2) in the molar percentage of the oxide is at least 0.050. The glass is a glass that is substantially free of Y2O3.

[0302] Embodiment 29 The aforementioned glass is: 12.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% TiO2; 2.5 mol% to 13.0 mol% of ZrO2; and 2.2 mol% to 30.0 mol% Nb2O5 The glass according to embodiment 28, comprising at least one of the following.

[0303] Embodiment 30 The aforementioned glass is: When measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n is 1.90 to 2.10. d and 5.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3 The density d below RT The glass according to Embodiment 28 or Embodiment 29, having the following characteristics.

[0304] Embodiment 31 The glass is based on the amount of each oxide in mole percent units, according to formulas (I) and (II):

[0305]

number

[0306] and

[0307]

number

[0308] Satisfying at least one of the following, where RE m O n The glass according to any one of Embodiments 28 to 30, wherein is the total content of rare earth metal oxides in mole percent.

[0309] Embodiment 32 The glass according to any one of embodiments 28 to 31, characterized in that the glass can be cooled in air from 1100°C to 500°C in 2.5 minutes without crystallization.

[0310] Embodiment 33 B2O3 in concentrations of 1.0 mol% to 40.0 mol%; 13.5 mol% or more of La2O3; 0.0 mol% or more of SiO2, provided that the total of (SiO2 + B2O3) is between 1.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%; and At least one oxide selected from rare earth metal oxides, Al2O3, Nb2O5, TiO2, ThO2, GeO2, P2O5, ZnO, Y2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, Er2O3, Gd2O3, K2O, La2O3, Li2O, Na2O, Nd2O3, PbO, TeO2, WO3, Yb2O3, and ZrO2, The concentration of Nb2O5 is between 0.0 mol% and 12.3 mol%. The TiO2 content ranges from 0.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%. ThO2 is present in a range of 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, GeO2 is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, The amount of P2O5 is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. Al2O3 is present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, The total amount of (ZnO + Y2O3) is between 0.0 mol% and 2.5 mol%. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The aforementioned glass is given by formula (X):

[0311]

number

[0312] The condition is satisfied, and here P n is the refractive index parameter of the glass, and is given by equation (VIII):

[0313]

number

[0314] It is calculated according to, P d is the density parameter, and is given by equation (IX):

[0315]

number

[0316] A glass calculated according to the formulas (VIII) and (IX), where each oxide listed in formulas (VIII) and (IX) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0317] Embodiment 34 The aforementioned glass is: 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% B2O3; 13.5 mol% to 30.0 mol% of La2O3; and SiO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol% or more to 20.0 mol% The glass according to embodiment 33, including the glass described above.

[0318] Embodiment 35 The aforementioned glass is: When measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n is 1.90 to 2.10. d and 5.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. 3 The density d below RT The glass according to embodiment 33 or 34, having the following features.

[0319] Embodiment 36 14.5 mol% or more of B2O3; SiO2 of 2.0 mol% or more, where the total of (SiO2 + B2O3) is between 3.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%; 1.0 mol% to 45.0 mol% Nb2O5; and At least one oxide selected from monovalent metal oxides, divalent metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, As2O3, Sb2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, MoO3, Ta2O5, GeO2, P2O5, ZnO, Y2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, Er2O3, Gd2O3, Ga2O3, K2O, La2O3, Li2O, Na2O, Nd2O3, PbO, TeO2, WO3, Yb2O3, and ZrO2, The TiO2 content ranges from 0.0 mol% to 36.0 mol%. The amount of ZrO2 is 0.0 mol% or more. The amount of Y2O3 is between 0.0 mol% and 1.0 mol%, The concentration of Ta2O5 is between 0.0 mol% and 1.5 mol%, GeO2 is present in a range of 0.0 mol% to 0.5 mol%, The amount of CaO is between 0.0 mol% and 15.0 mol%, The amount of P2O5 is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%. Al2O3 is present in amounts of 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, The ZnO content is between 0.0 mol% and 5.5 mol%, MoO3 is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 3.0 mol%, The MgO content is between 0.0 mol% and 15.0 mol%, The amount of Ga2O3 is between 0.0 mol% and 5.0 mol%, Li2O is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 8.0 mol%, TeO2 is present in amounts ranging from 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, The total content of monovalent metal oxides (R2O) is 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol%, Rare earth metal oxides (RE m O n The total content of ) is 0.0 mol% to 50.0 mol%, The total amount of (As2O3 + Sb2O3) is between 0.0 mol% and 1.0 mol%, (RE m O n The total of (TiO2 + Nb2O5 + ZrO2 + Bi2O3 + WO3) is 25.0 mol% or more. The total content of (R2O + RO - BaO) is between 0.0 mol% and 20.0 mol%, where RO is the total content of divalent metal oxides. At least one oxide that satisfies the following condition Glass containing, The glass further contains substantially no fluorine, The aforementioned glass is given by formula (XII):

[0320]

number

[0321] The condition is satisfied, and here P n is a refractive index parameter with a value of 1.85 or greater, and is given by equation (VIII):

[0322]

number

[0323] It is calculated according to P d Equation (IX):

[0324]

number

[0325] The density parameter is calculated according to the following: T iEquation (VI):

[0326]

number

[0327] A transmittance index calculated according to formula (VIII), formula (IX), and formula (VI), where each oxide listed in formula (VIII), formula (IX), and formula (VI) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in mole percent.

[0328] Embodiment 37 The aforementioned glass is: The refractive index n is at least 1.95 when measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm. d and Density d measured at 25℃ RT (g / cm 3 ) It has, The aforementioned glass is given by formula (VII):

[0329]

number

[0330] The glass according to embodiment 36, which satisfies the requirements.

[0331] Embodiment 38 The aforementioned glass is: 2.0 mol% to 36.0 mol% of SiO2; and 14.5 mol% to 48.0 mol% B2O3 Glass according to embodiment 36 or 37, including the glass described in embodiment 36 or 37.

Claims

1. 1.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% of B ２ O ３ , 13.5 mol% or more of La ２ O ３ , 0.0 mol% or more of SiO ２ However, (SiO ２ +B ２ O ３ The total of ) is between 1.0 mol% and 50.0 mol%, and Rare earth metal oxides, Al ２ O ３ Nb ２ O ５ TiO ２ ThO ２ GeO ２ P ２ O ５ ZnO, Y ２ O ３ BaO, Bi ２ O ３ CaO, Er ２ O ３ Gd ２ O ３ K ２ O, La ２ O ３ Li ２ O, Na ２ Nd ２ O ３ PbO, TeO ２ WO ３ Yb ２ O ３ and at least one oxide selected from ZrO ２ such that Nb ２ O ５ is 0.0 mol% to 12.3 mol%, TiO ２ is 0.0 mol% to 33.0 mol%, ThO ２ is 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol%, GeO ２ is 0.0 mol% to 10.0 mol%, P ２ O ５ The range is from 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol%, Al ２ O ３ The range is from 0.0 mol% to 2.5 mol%, (ZnO + Y ２ O ３ The total of ) is between 0.0 mol% and 2.5 mol%. A glass containing at least one oxide that satisfies the following conditions: The aforementioned glass is given by formula (X): 【Number 1】 The condition is satisfied, and here, P ｎ is the refractive index parameter of the glass, and is given by equation (VIII) [Math 2] It is calculated according to P ｄ is the density parameter, and is given by equation (IX) [Math 3] A glass calculated according to formula (VIII) and formula (IX), where each oxide listed in formula (VIII) and formula (IX) refers to the amount of oxide in the glass, expressed in units of mole percent.

2. The refractive index n measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm ｄ , and Density d measured at 25°C ＲＴ (g / cm ３ ) It has, Formula (III) [Math 4] The glass according to claim 1, satisfying the requirements.

3. 10.0 mol% to 40.0 mol% of B ２ O ３ , 13.5 mol% to 30.0 mol% La ２ O ３ , and 0.0 mol% to 20.0 mol% SiO ２ The glass according to claim 1 or 2, including the glass described in claim 1 or 2.

4. 0.3 mol% to 33.0 mol% TiO ２ , and 0.3mol%~12.3mol%のNb ２ O ５ The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least one of the following.

5. 0.3 mol% to 15.0 mol% ZrO ２ , 0.0 mol% to 30.0 mol% CaO, 0.0 mol% to 15.0 mol% of BaO, and 0.0 mol% to 5.0 mol% K ２ O The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least one of the following.

6. When measured at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, the refractive index n is 1.90 to 2.

10. ｄ , and 5.5 g / cm³ when measured at 25°C. ３ The density d below ＲＴ A glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, having the following characteristics.

7. Equations (I) and (II) are based on the amount of each oxide in mole percent units. [Math 5] and [Math 6] Satisfying at least one of the following, where RE ｍ O ｎ The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein is the total content of rare earth metal oxides in mole percent.

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