A system that produces biochar by smoking biomass until it is thermally decomposed.

Abstract

This invention discloses a system for producing biochar by smoking biomass until it is thermally decomposed. [Solution] The system includes a smoker and a pyrolysis furnace, the smoker including a first outlet, a first intake, and a first exhaust, and a pyrolysis chamber provided in the pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis chamber including a feed port, a second outlet, and a second exhaust port, where the feed port communicates with the first outlet and the second exhaust port communicates with the first intake. Thus, the present invention promotes the direct condensation and adhesion of condensable volatiles in the pyrolysis gas to the biomass by constantly using the pyrolysis gas to smoke the biomass, and then improves the yield and carbon retention rate of biochar through the co-thermolysis of bio oil and biomass, thereby sealing more carbon elements into the biochar and achieving the effect of carbon fixation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biochar, and particularly to a production system for manufacturing biochar by pyrolysis.

Background Art

[0002] Biomass energy is a widely distributed renewable energy that is carbon-neutral and can balance CO2 emissions and absorption. Although biomass can be directly converted into fuel, due to its high moisture content, low energy density, large volume, high fiber content, poor abrasiveness, and poor uniformity, etc., the transportation of biomass is difficult, the cost is high, and a series of problems such as seasonal limitations restrict its wider application.

[0003] Pyrolysis, as a biomass treatment and fuel upgrading technology, can improve the characteristics of raw materials itself and produce energy and chemical products. By pyrolysis technology, biomass is usually converted into three-phase products of gas, liquid, and solid, and the yields of the three-phase products are controlled by changing the parameters of the pyrolysis process, for example, changing the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and carrier gas flow rate, etc. Among these three-phase products, biochar is the most potential coal substitute product due to its good fuel characteristics (high energy density, high calorific value, high carbon content, and low oxygen content).

[0004] In the conventional biomass pyrolysis process, most of the carbon is transferred to bio-oil and pyrolysis gas, so the yield of biochar is low, and there are limitations in the carbon retention rate and combustion performance of the produced biochar, and the economic efficiency is poor. By improving the carbon yield and carbon content of biomass, more carbon elements can be encapsulated in biochar, which has important significance for realizing green sustainable development.

[0005] Currently, there are mainly two methods for carbon fixation through biomass pyrolysis. First, there is the use of pressure devices to increase the reaction pressure in the biomass pyrolysis process. However, pressurized pyrolysis is generally a batch process and cannot satisfy the high efficiency and continuity requirements of biomass pyrolysis carbon fixation technology. At the same time, the safety of the pressure devices is a technical problem that hinders the development of pressurized pyrolysis carbon fixation of biomass. Second, there is the method of mixing additives with biomass before pyrolysis. However, the use of additives increases industrial production costs and can alter the composition of the biomass pyrolysis products, potentially affecting their subsequent utility value. At the same time, some additives may pollute the environment. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems that exist in the prior art. To that end, the present invention provides a system for producing biochar by smoking biomass to the point of thermal decomposition, which allows for the sealing of more carbon elements in the biochar by smoking the biomass raw material with a thermal decomposition gas and then performing thermal decomposition. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The system for producing biochar by fumigating biomass until it is thermally decomposed, according to an embodiment of the present invention, A smoking furnace including a first exhaust port, a first intake port and a first exhaust port, A pyrolysis furnace is provided, wherein a pyrolysis chamber is provided within the pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feed port, a second discharge port and a second exhaust port, wherein the feed port communicates with the first discharge port and the second exhaust port communicates with the first intake port.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the smoking furnace includes a first feed case, a first rotating furnace body, and a first discharge case, wherein both ends of the first rotating furnace body are dynamically sealed and connected to the first feed case and the first discharge case, respectively, the first discharge port and the first intake port are provided in the first discharge case, and the first exhaust port is provided in the first feed case.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first rotary furnace body includes an inner furnace body and an outer furnace body, and a condensation cavity is provided between the inner furnace body and the outer furnace body.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the condensation cavity includes a first condensation region and a second condensation region, wherein the temperature of the first condensation region is lower than the temperature of the second condensation region, the first condensation region is located on the side closer to the first feed case, and the second condensation region is located on the side closer to the first discharge case.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, a material scooping plate is provided on the inner wall of the inner furnace body.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, a hollow heat conduction chamber is provided within the material scooping plate, and the heat conduction chamber is in communication with the condensation cavity.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, a burner is further included, the burner including an intake port and an exhaust port, the intake port communicating with the first exhaust port and the exhaust port communicating with the pyrolysis chamber.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the burner further includes a fuel inlet, a slag outlet, and a mesh plate, wherein the mesh plate is provided above the air intake, the fuel inlet is provided on one burner side wall of the mesh plate, and the slag outlet is provided on the other burner side wall of the mesh plate.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis furnace includes a second feed case, a second rotary furnace body, and a second discharge case, wherein both ends of the second rotary furnace body are dynamically sealed and connected to the second feed case and the second discharge case, respectively, the feed port is provided in the second feed case, and the second exhaust port and the second discharge port are provided in the second discharge case. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] This invention promotes the direct condensation and adhesion of condensable volatiles in the pyrolysis gas to the biomass by continuously using pyrolysis gas to fumigate the biomass through the system. Subsequently, the co-thermolysis of bio-oil and biomass improves the biochar yield and carbon retention rate, thereby encapsulating more carbon elements in the biochar and achieving carbon fixation.

[0017] At the same time, the high carbon retention rate in biochar is advantageous in improving the calorific value of biochar as an alternative fuel, improving the thermal stability of biochar fuel, enhancing the fuel performance of biochar, and bringing the combustion process of biochar closer to that of fossil fuels.

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand from the description of the embodiments with reference to the following drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0019] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of a system for producing biochar by smoking biomass until it is thermally decomposed, according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram 1 of the cross-sectional structure of the first rotary furnace body according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is schematic diagram 2 of the cross-sectional structure of the first rotary furnace body according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a burner according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0020] Hereinafter, referring to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described. The description of the embodiments is only illustrative and explanatory in nature, and should not be construed as any limitation on the present disclosure and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, those skilled in the art should be able to obtain all other embodiments without creative labor and these embodiments should fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Also, although detailed descriptions of technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant fields may not be provided, where appropriate, the said technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the specification.

[0021] As shown in FIGS. 1-4, a system 100 for producing biochar by smoking biomass until pyrolysis according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least a smoking furnace 1 and a pyrolysis furnace 2. Here, the smoking furnace 1 includes a first discharge port 14, a first intake port 15, and a first exhaust port 15. A pyrolysis chamber is provided in the pyrolysis furnace 2, and a feed port 24, a second discharge port 25, and a second exhaust port 26 are provided in the pyrolysis chamber. Here, the feed port 24 communicates with the first discharge port 14, and the second exhaust port 26 communicates with the first intake port 15.

[0022] During use, after the biomass raw material enters the smoking furnace 1, it contacts the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace 2. In this process, the pyrolysis gas continuously smokes the biomass to condense pyrolysis oil and attach it to the biomass particles. Finally, the biomass particles with attached bio-oil are pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace 2.

[0023] Specifically, after smoking, in the pyrolysis process, the bio-oil adhering to the biomass particles can close the inherent pore structure of the biomass, form a restricted space inside the biomass structure, limit the escape of the initial products of biomass pyrolysis, and further retain them in the biomass. The radicals (e.g., phenoxy groups) in these primary pyrolysis products crosslink with hemicellulose and cellulose, causing further condensation polymerization reactions, and ultimately promoting the formation of stable biochar. At this time, the condensed bio-oil can produce the effect of a carbon fixation agent.

[0024] Thereby, in the present invention, by continuously using the pyrolysis gas to smoke the biomass with the system, it promotes the direct condensation and adhesion of the condensable volatiles in the pyrolysis gas to the biomass, and utilizes the co-pyrolysis effect of the bio-oil and the biomass to improve the biochar yield and carbon retention rate, encapsulate more carbon elements into the biochar, achieve the effect of carbon fixation, have a high retention rate of carbon elements in the biochar, improve the combustion calorific value as an alternative fuel for the biochar, improve the thermal stability of the biochar fuel, improve the fuel performance of the biochar, and is advantageous for making the combustion process of the biochar closer to that of fossil fuels.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, as shown in the figure, the smoking furnace 1 includes a first feed case 11, a first rotary furnace body 12, and a first discharge case 13. Both ends of the first rotary furnace body 12 are dynamically sealed and connected to the first feed case 11 and the first discharge case 13 respectively. The first discharge port 14 and the first intake port 15 are provided on the first discharge case 13, and the first exhaust port 16 is provided on the first feed case 11.

[0026] During use, the biomass raw material enters from the first feed case 11, continuously rotates in the first rotary furnace, is continuously mixed with the pyrolysis gas, and finally moves to the first discharge case 13 and then leaves from the first discharge port 14. In this process, the continuous reversing action of the first rotary furnace body 12 is advantageous for promoting more uniform smoking between the biomass and the pyrolysis gas.

[0027] Furthermore, based on the above embodiment, as shown in the figure, the first rotating furnace body 12 includes an inner furnace body 121 and an outer furnace body 122, and a condensation cavity 3 is provided between the inner furnace body 121 and the outer furnace body 122. A heat conduction medium is introduced into the condensation cavity 3, thereby controlling the temperature of the smoking furnace 1. Low-temperature air can be used as the heat conduction medium here. In this way, the cooling effect of the condensation cavity 3 promotes the condensation of pyrolysis gas into pyrolysis oil and its attachment to biomass, which is advantageous in improving the yield of biochar.

[0028] Preferably, the condensation cavity 3 may be divided into a first condensation region 31 and a second condensation region 32, where the temperature of the first condensation region 31 is lower than the temperature of the second condensation region 32, the first condensation region 31 is located on the side closer to the first feed case 11, and the second condensation region 32 is located on the side closer to the first discharge case 13. In this way, after the biomass enters the smoker 1, it gradually moves towards the first discharge case within the first rotary furnace body 12, and after the pyrolysis gas enters the smoker 1, it flows towards the side closer to the first feed case 11. Even if the pyrolysis gas and biomass move in opposite directions and are constantly in contact, in this case, volatile substances with different boiling points can be condensed in different temperature zones, forming a classifying condensation effect.

[0029] Specifically, the temperature of the second condensation region 32 can be set to a medium-low or medium-high temperature range, for example, from 80 to 150 degrees Celsius, thereby condensing bio-oil suitable for that temperature range. Subsequently, the initially condensed pyrolysis gas is mixed with the biomass in the first condensation region 31, and the temperature of the first condensation region 31 is set to between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius, thereby condensing bio-oil suitable for the 20 to 30 degree Celsius range. This ultimately achieves the effect of classification condensation, further promoting the production of biochar by co-thermolysis of bio-oil and biomass, and improving the biochar yield.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in the figure, a material scooping plate 4 is provided on the inner wall of the inner furnace body 121. Specifically, by continuously scooping up and spreading biomass with the material scooping plate 4, the contact surface between the biomass and the pyrolysis gas is improved, which contributes to the condensation and encasing of combustible volatiles in the pyrolysis gas within the biomass, thereby improving the yield of biochar.

[0031] Furthermore, based on the above embodiment, a hollow heat conduction chamber 41 is provided inside the material scoop plate 4, and the heat conduction chamber 41 is in communication with the condensation cavity 3. This improves the temperature control of the region inside the furnace body by the condensation cavity 3, promotes the condensation effect of condensable volatiles, and improves the fumigation effect between the pyrolysis gas and biomass.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in the figure, a system for producing biochar by fumigating biomass to the point of pyrolysis further includes a burner 5, where the burner 5 includes an air intake 51 and an exhaust port 52, the air intake 51 communicating with a first exhaust port 16 and the exhaust port 52 communicating with a pyrolysis chamber. Specifically, the pyrolysis gas condensed in the fumigation furnace 1 contains some combustible volatile matter and some non-condensable gases. This portion of the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the burner 5 and burned thoroughly to generate high-temperature flue gas, which is then introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 2. This allows the large amount of heat contained in the flue gas to replenish the energy consumption during pyrolysis, thereby achieving the effect of recovering some of the heat, reducing energy consumption during pyrolysis, and improving the energy utilization rate.

[0033] Preferably, since both the concentration and temperature of the pyrolysis gas are required during combustion, using a method that directly ignites the pyrolysis gas can easily lead to extinguishing due to its concentration and can also cause undesirable chain reactions. Therefore, by utilizing the combustion stability of the solid fuel to ignite the pyrolysis gas, stable combustion of the pyrolysis gas can be achieved.

[0034] Specifically, as shown in the figure, the burner 5 further includes a fuel inlet 53, a sludge outlet 54, and a mesh plate 55, the mesh plate 55 being located above the air intake 51, the fuel inlet 53 being located on one side wall of the burner 5 on the mesh plate 55, and the sludge outlet 54 being located on the other side wall of the burner 5 on the mesh plate 55.

[0035] During use, solid fuel is introduced into the burner 5 via the fuel inlet 53 and burned on the mesh plate 55. After the pyrolysis gas enters the burner 5 through the air intake 51, it is thoroughly combusted by the flame on the mesh plate. This ensures that changes in the concentration of the pyrolysis gas do not affect combustion as the pyrolysis gas passes through the mesh plate 55, effectively guaranteeing stable operation of the entire system.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in the figures, the pyrolysis furnace 2 includes a second feed case 21, a second rotating furnace body 22, and a second discharge case 23, the ends of which are dynamically sealed and connected to the second feed case 21 and the second discharge case 23, respectively, a feed port 24 is provided in the second feed case 21, and a second exhaust port 26 and a second discharge port 25 are provided in the second discharge case 23. During use, the smoked biomass raw material enters from the second feed case 21, rotates continuously within the second rotating furnace, and finally moves to the second discharge case 23 before passing through the second discharge port 25 and leaving. In this process, the constant inversion action of the second rotating furnace body 22 is advantageous in making the heat absorption of the biomass more uniform, thereby improving the pyrolysis carbonization efficiency and the quality of the biochar.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "vertical direction," "horizontal direction," "length," "width," "thickness," "top," "bottom," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," "outside," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial direction," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are intended to facilitate and simplify the explanation of the present invention. They do not indicate or imply that the mentioned devices or elements have a specific direction or need to be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0038] In this specification, any reference to the terms "one embodiment," "several embodiments," "schematic embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "several examples" means that the specific features, configurations, materials, or characteristics described in the embodiment or exemplary description are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expression of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0039] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the claims and equivalents. [Explanation of symbols]

[0040] 100: A system for producing biochar by smoking biomass until it is thermally decomposed. 1: Smoker, 11: First feed case, 12: First rotating furnace body, 121: Inner furnace body, 122: Outer furnace body, 13: First discharge case, 14: First discharge port, 15: First intake port, 16: First exhaust port, 2: Pyrolysis furnace, 21: Second feed case, 22: Second rotary furnace body, 23: Second discharge case, 24: Feed port, 25: Second discharge port, 26: Second exhaust port, 3: Condensing cavity, 31: First condensation region, 32: Second condensation region, 4: Material scooping plate, 41: Heat conduction chamber, 5: Burner, 51: Air intake, 52: Exhaust port, 53: Fuel inlet, 54: Sludge outlet, 55: Mesh plate.

Claims

1. This is a system that produces biochar by smoking biomass until it is thermally decomposed. A smoking furnace including a first exhaust port, a first intake port, and a first exhaust port, A pyrolysis furnace comprising a pyrolysis chamber provided within the pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis chamber provided with a feed port, a second discharge port, and a second exhaust port, wherein the feed port communicates with the first discharge port and the second exhaust port communicates with the first intake port, A system for producing biochar by smoking biomass until it is thermally decomposed.

2. The smoking furnace includes a first feed case, a first rotating furnace body, and a first discharge case, the ends of which are dynamically sealed and connected to the first feed case and the first discharge case, respectively, the first discharge port and the first intake port are provided in the first discharge case, and the first exhaust port is provided in the first feed case. A system for producing biochar by smoking the biomass described in item 1 until it is thermally decomposed.

3. The first rotary furnace body includes an inner furnace body and an outer furnace body, and a condensation cavity is provided between the inner furnace body and the outer furnace body. A system for producing biochar by smoking biomass according to feature 2 until it is thermally decomposed.

4. The condensation cavity includes a first condensation region and a second condensation region, wherein the temperature of the first condensation region is lower than the temperature of the second condensation region, the first condensation region is located on the side closer to the first feed case, and the second condensation region is located on the side closer to the first discharge case. A system for producing biochar by smoking biomass according to feature 3 until it is thermally decomposed.

5. The system for producing biochar by smoking biomass until it is thermally decomposed, as described in claim 3, characterized in that a material scooping plate is provided on the inner wall of the inner furnace body.

6. A system for producing biochar by smoking biomass until it is thermally decomposed, characterized in that a hollow heat conduction chamber is provided inside the material scooping plate, and the heat conduction chamber and the condensation cavity are in communication.

7. The invention further includes a burner, the burner including an intake port and an exhaust port, the intake port communicating with the first exhaust port and the exhaust port communicating with the pyrolysis chamber. A system for producing biochar by smoking the biomass described in item 1 until it is thermally decomposed.

8. The burner further includes a fuel inlet, a sludge outlet, and a mesh plate, wherein the mesh plate is provided above the air intake, the fuel inlet is provided on one burner side wall of the mesh plate, and the sludge outlet is provided on the other burner side wall of the mesh plate. A system for producing biochar by smoking biomass according to feature 7 until it is thermally decomposed.

9. The pyrolysis furnace includes a second feed case, a second rotary furnace body, and a second discharge case, wherein both ends of the second rotary furnace body are dynamically sealed and connected to the second feed case and the second discharge case, respectively, the feed port is provided in the second feed case, and the second exhaust port and the second discharge port are provided in the second discharge case. A system for producing biochar by smoking the biomass described in item 1 until it is thermally decomposed.

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