Optical tools containing functional molecules

Abstract

Pigment flakes in paint systems must be compatible with the specific chemical properties of that system. If the pigment flake material is not compatible with the paint system, the intended optical effect cannot be achieved due to the incorrect orientation of the pigment flakes in the paint. [Solution] The optical instrument comprises a reflective layer; a selective optical modulation layer outside the reflective layer; and a functional molecule present in at least one of the following: the selective optical modulation layer, a functional layer outside the surface of the selective optical modulation layer, near the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer, near the reflective layer of the selective optical modulation layer, and the functional layer outside the reflective layer. A method for manufacturing the optical instrument is also disclosed.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure generally pertains to articles such as optical instruments in the form of foils, sheets, and / or flakes. Regarding optical instruments, the reflective layer; the selective optical modulation layer outside the reflective layer; and the selective optical modulation layer , functional layer on the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer, near the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer, selective optical modulation Functional components present in at least one of the functional layers near the reflective layer and outside the reflective layer It may include children. In another embodiment, the optical instrument includes a reflective layer; a selective optical modulation layer outside the reflective layer; Selection of the reflective layer, the functional layer outside the surface of the reflective layer, the area near the outer surface of the reflective layer, and the reflective layer. It may contain functional molecules present in at least one of the vicinity of the optical modulation layer. The manufacturing method is also disclosed. [Background technology]

[0002] Pigment flakes for paint systems need to be compatible with the specific chemical properties of the paint system. If the paint material is incompatible with the paint system, the incorrect orientation of the pigment flakes in the paint may result in unintended consequences. The desired optical effect cannot be achieved. For certain applications, random flake orientation is required. It is required to control the behavior of flakes in the paint, using hydrophobic or hydrophilic methods as needed. In addition to adjusting the properties of conventional pigments, it is necessary to control the surface energy of the flakes. For flake compatibility, for example, silane functionalization is used to ensure compatibility with the desired paint chemistry. For this purpose, another chemical coating step in a chemical bath is required. Vacuum-deposited face The material properties of the flakes must be adjusted gradually because all materials need to be evaporated under vacuum. This is not possible, which severely limits the choice of materials. Functionality is vacuum It can only be added in a separate chemical coating step to the prepared pigment flakes, and the layer coating It cannot be added as part of the development process. [Overview of the project]

[0003] In one embodiment, a reflective layer; a selective optical modulation layer outside the reflective layer; and a selective optical modulation layer, selective The functional layer on the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer, near the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer, and the reverse of the selective optical modulation layer. Includes functional molecules present in at least one of the functional layers near the irradiative layer and outside the reflective layer. Optical tools are disclosed.

[0004] In another embodiment, a method for manufacturing an optical instrument is disclosed, the method for which a reflective surface is placed on a substrate. Depositing layers; depositing a selective optical modulation layer on a reflective layer; and a selective optical modulation layer, Functional layer on the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer, near the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer, selective optical modulation layer Functional molecules present in at least one of the functional layers near the reflective layer and outside the reflective layer. This includes preparing it.

[0005] In a further embodiment, a reflective layer; a selective optical modulation layer outside the reflective layer; and the reflective layer, reflective layer Among the functional layer on the outer surface, near the outer surface of the reflective layer, and near the selective optical modulation layer of the reflective layer An optical tool containing a functional molecule present in at least one of the following is disclosed.

[0006] In another embodiment, a method for manufacturing an optical instrument is disclosed, the method for which a reflective surface is placed on a substrate. Depositing layers; depositing a selective optical modulation layer on a reflective layer; and the reflective layer, reflective layer Among the functional layer on the outer surface, the area near the outer surface of the reflective layer, and the area near the selective optical modulation layer of the reflective layer This includes preparing at least one functional molecule.

[0007] Additional features and advantages of various embodiments will be described in part in the following description, in part will become apparent from the description or can be learned by the implementation of various embodiments. The objectives and other advantages of various embodiments will be realized and achieved by the elements and combinations specifically pointed out in the description of this specification as follows.

[0008] This disclosure can be more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings in some of its aspects and embodiments.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to one aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 13]Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 16] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 17] Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid coating process showing the deposition of layers such as an SLML layer, according to an example of this disclosure.

[0010] Throughout this specification and the figures, similar reference numerals identify similar elements. Detailed description of the invention

[0011] Both the general explanation above and the detailed explanation below are for illustrative purposes only. It should be understood that this is intended to provide descriptions of various embodiments of the teaching. In a variety of embodiments, those disclosed herein include, for example, foils, sheets, and frames. Articles such as optical instruments in the form of a pen; and methods for manufacturing articles. One example is pigments, etc. Articles including optical tools, optical tagants and optical security devices, have a simplified structure. It can be manufactured in this way. In particular, functionality can be incorporated into the deposited layer without vacuum and chemical baths. This is possible, and as a result, it generates little to no waste. Furthermore, The properties of the article, such as the amount of sap, can be selected. For example, during the processing of the article and when applying paint to the article. During the process, the accumulation of static electricity can be controlled. Another example is a fire or explosion during the handling of an item. Flame retardant additives may be added to help control related hazards.

[0012] The article 10 in the diagrams such as Figure 1, such as the optical instrument, has a reflective layer 16; the outside of the reflective layer 16 is selective It may include a light modulation layer (SLML) 14. In one embodiment, the functional molecule 12 is a selective light modulation layer 14. Functional layer 12 on the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer 14, near the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer 14 Among the functional layers 12 near the reflective layer 16 of the selective optical modulation layer 14 and outside the reflective layer 16 It may be present in at least one. In another embodiment, the functional molecule 12 is located in the reflective layer 16, reflective layer 1 The functional layer 12 on the outer surface of surface 6, the area near the outer surface of the reflective layer 16, and the selective light change of the reflective layer 16 It may be present in at least one of the vicinity of the functional layer 14. The functional molecule 12 is in the functional layer 12. They can exist as functional molecules 12, or within another layer such as an SLML14 layer containing functional molecules 12. It can exist. For the sake of convenience in the figures and references in this disclosure, functional molecule 1 If 2 exists as functional layer 12, the number 12 is used to identify the entire layer. Functional molecule If 12 exists within another layer, it is represented as a circle and identified by the number 12.

[0013] Functional molecule 12 provides at least one of the following functions to article 10 such as optical tools. Benefits include: ease of removal from substrate, compatibility with water-based and other coating systems, color adjustment, and durability. Improved conductivity, flame retardancy, water permeability control, optical appearance, and durability for controlling static charge. and other properties beneficial to safety. The surface energy of article 10 such as flakes is paint The desired optical effect can be optimized by adjusting it to match the matrix. Furthermore, the paint ma The orientation of the flakes within the tricks is determined by the angle in the largest flop or z dimension (leafing). This can be controlled. Asymmetrical or symmetrical flakes can be oriented in the paint matrix.

[0014] As another example, if the functional molecules 12 are present within the functional layer 12, they will be present on the substrate. It can be coated and used to detach the optical stack from the substrate. The functional molecules 12 present in the functional layer 12 are selected to control the paint's compatibility. It can also have hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or both properties. As an example, poly Vinyl alcohol has hydrophilic properties that can be adjusted to detach the optical stack from the substrate. Because it exhibits both hydrophobic and hydrophobic properties, it can be used as functional molecule 12.

[0015] As a further example, as shown in Figures 4-9, functional molecule 12 is SLML14 If present within, they increase the conductivity of articles 10 such as optical tools, and improve article processing. It can reduce the accumulation of static electricity inside. Examples of functional molecules 12 include carbon materials and metallic nanoparticles. Examples include powders, ionic liquids, and conductive polymers.

[0016] As another example, functional molecule 12 is involved in the processing of goods such as flake separation, transport, and handling. It can provide flame-retardant properties that control the explosion risk of fine powders such as pigment dust generated during processing. The flakes may adhere to the equipment electrostatically, and any static electricity on the items being processed may cause problems. This can generate more sparks, potentially causing a fire or explosion. Functional molecule 12 is electrostatic It may help dissipate the load and provide improved adhesion with the metal reflective layer 16. Functional molecule 12 Examples include halogen additives and siloxanes. One example is acrylic. Functional molecule 12, which has both a rate functional group and a phosphate group, is involved in the crosslinking of resins. This allows the phosphate group to bond strongly to the oxide on the metal surface, such as the reflective layer 16. In addition, the phosphate group is such that the charge on article 10 crosses the surface of article 10, or article 10 This allows the light to dissipate through the bulk to the reflective layer 16 and ultimately to the ground. .

[0017] As shown in Figures 2, 3, and 10, when article 10 includes a functional layer 12, the functional layer 12 is a functional layer 1 Depending on the composition of 2, the wavelength range is approximately 5 nm to approximately 200 nm, for example, approximately 10 nm to approximately 180 nm, and further As another example, it may have a thickness in the range of approximately 15 nm to approximately 160 nm. The functional layer 12 is selected It is preferable not to reduce the optical properties of the target optical modulation layer 14. The functional layer 12 provides a specific optical effect. To provide, it can be coated to a certain thickness, or may contain suitable materials. Yes, it is possible. For example, the functional layer 12 can contain nanoparticles with a higher refractive index, which is... It can also facilitate the removal of materials from substrates used in coating processes.

[0018] As shown in Figure 2, article 10 comprises a reflective layer 16 and a selective optical modulation layer outside the reflective layer 16. Includes functional molecules 12 present in the functional layer 12 on the outer surface of the selective light modulation layer 14. As can be seen, as shown in Figure 3, article 10 has a reflective layer 16, and selective light modulation outside the reflective layer 16. It may include functional molecules 12 present in the functional layer 12 outside of layer 14 and the reflective layer 16.

[0019] As shown in Figure 4, article 10 comprises a reflective layer 16 and a selective light modulation layer 14 outside the reflective layer 16. and may include functional molecules 12 present in the selective light modulation layer 14. In particular, functional molecules 12 It can be present throughout the entire selective optical modulation layer 14, that is, it can be diffused throughout the entire selective optical modulation layer 14. The functional molecule 12 is obtained from a diffusion state as shown in Figure 4 to an organized state as shown in Figures 5 and 6. It can move to a column state. Does the change from a diffuse state to a aligned state occur over time? , or based on the physical properties of the functional molecule 12, the drying process and / or the curing process It can be selected. As shown in Figure 5, article 10 has a reflective layer 16, and the reflective layer 16 The outer selective optical modulation layer 14 and the functional components present near the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer 14 It may include child 12. As shown in Figure 6, article 10 has a reflective layer 16, and the outside of the reflective layer 16 is selected Functional molecules 12 located near the selective optical modulation layer 14 and the reflective layer 16 of the selective optical modulation layer 14 It may include.

[0020] Article 10 has a reflective layer 16 having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. Article 10 may include a selective light modulation layer 14, which is a first selective light This is the modulation layer 14, located outside the first surface of the reflective layer 16. As shown in Figure 7, article 10 This may include a second selective optical modulation layer 14' located outside the second surface of the reflective layer 16. The sex molecule 12 is at least in the first selective light modulation layer 14 and the second selective light modulation layer 14'. It can also exist on the other side. Functional molecule 12, from the diffusion state shown in Figure 7, to Figure 8 and It can move into an aligned state as shown in 9. As shown in Figure 8, article 10 has a first surface and A reflective layer 16 having a second surface opposite to the first surface; the outer surface of the first surface of the reflective layer 16 The first selective optical modulation layer 14 on the side; the second selective optical modulation layer on the outside of the second surface of the reflective layer 16. 14'; and at least one of the first selective optical modulation layer 14 and the second selective optical modulation layer 14' The outer surface of at least one of the first selective optical modulation layer 14 and the second selective optical modulation layer 14' It may contain functional molecules 12 located near the surface. As shown in Figure 9, article 10 is located near the first surface. A reflective layer 16 having a surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; the first surface of the reflective layer 16 The first selective optical modulation layer 14 on the outside; the second selective optical modulation layer on the outside of the second surface of the reflective layer 16 Modulation layer 14'; and at least the first selective optical modulation layer 14 and the second selective optical modulation layer 14' The other may contain functional molecules 12 located near the reflective layer. The first selective optical modulation layer 14 is The second selective optical modulation layer 14' may be the same as or different from the second selective optical modulation layer 14'.

[0021] As shown in Figure 10, article 10 has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. A reflective layer 16 having; a first selective optical modulation layer 14 outside the first surface of the reflective layer 16; reflection The second selective optical modulation layer 14' outside the second surface of layer 16; and the first selective optical modulation layer Functional layers 12, 12' outside at least one surface of 14 and the second selective optical modulation layer 14' It may include a functional molecule 12 present in at least one of the two. The first selective optical modulation layer 14 is The selective optical modulation layer 14' of 2 may be the same as or different from the functional layer 12, 1 2' may be the same as or different from each other.

[0022] Figures 11-16 show an article 10 including a non-vacuum deposited non-metallic reflective layer 16. Non-metallic materials may be used for the reflective layer 16. Examples of non-metallic materials are further disclosed herein. For example, sputtering deposition; deposition; plasma deposition; sol-gel deposition; spin-co Coating; immersion coating; and liquid coating processes (slot die deposition process) Any non-vacuum deposition process (including ROSES, etc.) may be used.

[0023] As shown in Figure 11, article 10 comprises a reflective layer 16 and a selective light modulation layer 1 outside the reflective layer 16. It may include functional molecules 12 present in 4 and the reflective layer 16. In particular, functional molecules 12 are anti It is present throughout the entire reflective layer 16, that is, it can diffuse throughout the entire reflective layer 16. Functional molecule 12 is shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, it can move from a diffused state to an aligned state, as shown in Figures 12 and 13. The change from a diffused state to an aligned state occurs over time, or through the functional molecule 1 The two can be selected based on their physical properties, drying process, and / or curing process. As shown in Figure 12, article 10 has a reflective layer 16, and selective light modulation outside the reflective layer 16. It may include functional molecules 12 located near the outer surfaces of layer 14 and reflective layer 16. (See Figure 13) Thus, article 10 has a reflective layer 16, a selective light modulation layer 14 outside the reflective layer 16 and a reflective layer. It may contain functional molecules 12 located near the selective optical modulation layer 14 of layer 16.

[0024] Article 10 has a reflective layer 16 having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. Article 10 may include a selective optical modulation layer 14, which is a first selective optical modulation layer This is the tone layer 14, located outside the first surface of the reflective layer 16. As shown in Figure 14, article 10 This may include a second selective optical modulation layer 14', which is located outside the second surface of the reflective layer 16. It is located on the side. Functional molecule 12 may be present in the reflective layer 16, behaving similarly to article 10 in Figure 7. As shown in Figure 15, article 10 has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. A reflective layer 16 having; a first selective optical modulation layer 14 outside the first surface of the reflective layer 16; reflection The second selective optical modulation layer 14' outside the second surface of layer 16; and the first selective functional layer It may include functional molecules 12 located near the light modulation layer 14. In another embodiment, the functional molecules are It may be located near the second selective optical modulation layer 14' of the functional layer.

[0025] As shown in Figure 16, article 10 has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. A reflective layer 16 having; a first selective optical modulation layer 14 outside the first surface of the reflective layer 16; reflection The second selective optical modulation layer 14' outside the second surface of layer 16; and the first selective functional layer Near at least one (e.g., both) of the optical modulation layer 14 and the second selective optical modulation layer 14' It may contain the existing functional molecule 12. The first selective optical modulation layer 14 is the second selective optical modulation layer Layer 14' may be the same as or different from layer 14'.

[0026] Article 10 shown in the figure comprises a charge dissipation group; a coating bonding group; and adhesive. The functional molecule 12 may include at least one group selected from the improvement group. Examples of charge dissipation groups include amines, polyols, phosphoric acid, amides, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Monium salt, pyridinium salt, polyethylene glycol, phenol, carbon black Conductive metal particles, carbon nanotubes, indium oxide, conductive polymers, sulfones Examples include acids and combinations thereof. Coating bonding groups include, for example, Acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, epoxy, urethane, polyol, amine, Examples include phenols, carboxylic acids, amides, thiols, and combinations thereof. Examples of the adhesion improvement group include siloxanes, amines, polyols, and polycarboxylic acids. Examples include phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, amine, anhydride, acyl halides, and combinations thereof. Functional molecule 12 can contain two or more functional groups having two or more functions. Please note: For example, phosphoric acid, amines, carboxylic acids, polyols, and amides are metals. It can bond to the surface and dissipate electric charge.

[0027] The functional molecules for use in the disclosed article 10 may be the same or different. For example, functional molecule 12 provides various different functions to an article. It may contain molecules. In one embodiment, for example, the functional molecule 12 is present in the layer or aligned. If so, they can be functional molecules 12 of the same type as those disclosed above. In another embodiment, for example, if the functional molecules 12 are present in the layer in a diffuse state, they are different It may be a functional molecule of a certain type. In a further embodiment, the functional molecule 12 is in a certain layer They may be the same, but they may be different in the second layer or in different layers.

[0028] In one embodiment, article 10 may be in the form of an object or a sheet that can be used on a substrate. In another embodiment, article 10 may be in the form of foil or flakes. For example, article 1 0 may have a layered shape. In one embodiment, the optical instrument may include article 10. In another embodiment, The composition may include optical tools and liquid media. The composition may include inks, varnishes, paints, etc. It is possible. In another embodiment, article 10 is an optical instrument in the form of flakes, and flakes The workpiece has, for example, a thickness of 100 nm to 100 μm and a size of 100 nm to 1 mm. Item 10 can be a color-changing coloring agent, or a currency security function. It can be used in this way. Common attributes of using item 10 include high chromaticity (or strong Color), the change in color with respect to the viewing angle (also called goniochromaticity or iridescence) and flops (mirror-like appearance and metals where brightness, hue, or chromaticity changes as the viewing angle changes) Appearance) is one example. In addition, article 10 may be metallic in color, and the process of producing the color is dry. It is not possible to use Wataru.

[0029] The figure shows an item 10 such as an optical instrument in the form of a sheet, but the item 1 such as an optical instrument 0 may be in the form of flakes and / or foils, according to various aspects of this disclosure. Furthermore, although the figure shows specific layers in a specific order, a person skilled in the art can arrange article 10 in any order. You will understand that it can contain any number of layers. Furthermore, the composition of any particular layer The composition of this layer may be the same as or different from any other layer. For example, the first selective optical modulation layer (SLML)14 has the same composition as the second selective optical modulation layer (SLML)14' but a different combination It may also be the case that the physical properties of any particular layer are the same as the physical properties of any other layer. They may be different. For example, the first SLML14 has a composition having a first refractive index. However, the second SLML14' of the same article 10 has a different refractive index. It can have a composition such as the first SLML14 having a first thickness. The composition may be such that the second SLML14' has a second thickness different from the first thickness. They can have the same composition.

[0030] The reflective layer 16 is a broadband reflector, for example, a spectral and Lambertian reflector (for example, It may also be made of white TiO2. The reflector 16 can be metal, nonmetal or metallic alloy. In one example, the material of the reflective layer 16 is any material having reflective properties in a desired spectral range. This may include, for example, a reflectance having a range of 5% to 100% in the desired spectral range. Reflective material. An example of a reflective material is aluminum, which has good reflective properties and is inexpensive. It is available and can be easily formed or deposited as a thin layer. Other reflective materials include aluminum. It can be used as a substitute for copper, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, Niobium, chromium, tin, and combinations or alloys of these or other metals are used as reflective materials. It can be used in this way. In one embodiment, the material of the reflector 16 may be a white or light-colored metal. In this example, the reflector 16 is made of, for example, transition metals and lanthanide metals and combinations thereof. Combinations; metal carbides, metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal sulfides, or combinations thereof It may include metals and mixtures of one or more of these materials. As mentioned above, some articles 10 It includes a nonmetallic reflective layer 16 that is deposited without vacuum and contains functional molecules 12. can.

[0031] The thickness of the reflector 16 can range from approximately 5 nm to 5000 nm, but this range is limited. It should not be considered fixed. For example, reflector 16 provides a maximum transmittance of 0.8. To enable this, a lower limit of thickness can be selected. In addition, or as an alternative, aluminum For the reflector 16 containing nium, the optical density (OD) at a wavelength of approximately 550 nm is approximately 0.1~ Approximately 4 is also acceptable.

[0032] To obtain sufficient optical density and / or achieve the desired effect, the composition of the reflective layer 16 Depending on the case, a higher or lower minimum thickness may be required. In some cases, the upper limit These are approximately 5000nm, 4000nm, 3000nm, 1500nm, and 200nm. and / or it may be about 100 nm. In one embodiment, the thickness of the reflective layer 16 is about 10 nm ~5000nm, for example, approximately 15nm to 4000nm, approximately 20nm to 3000nm , about 25nm to about 2000nm, about 30nm to about 1000nm, about 40nm to about 750nm m, or approximately 50nm to approximately 500nm, for example, approximately 60nm to approximately 250nm or approximately 70 It could be anywhere from nm to approximately 200 nm.

[0033] As shown in the figure, at least two surfaces / sides of the reflective layer 16, for example, the right shown in the figure ( The third and left (fourth) surfaces / sides may be exposed. In one embodiment, article 10 is framed If in the form of a reflective layer or foil, the reflective layer 16 has more than four surfaces than those illustrated in the figure. It can include, for example, one, two, three, four or five of the reflector 16 The surface may be exposed to the atmosphere. For example, the exposed side of the reflector 16, In other words, the surface of the reflector 16, which does not include the outer layer, can be an advantage for the flop.

[0034] Referring back to Figure 1, article 10 has a first selective surface outside the first surface of the reflective layer 16. It may include an optical modulation layer (SLML) 14. The SLML is in the range of approximately 0.2 μm to approximately 20 μm. Modulation of light intensity in different selected regions of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation having wavelength (absorption and A physical layer containing multiple optical functions intended to / or emit. Item 1 in Figure 1. 0 is the selective modulation of light by absorption provided by selective SLMS in SLML14. It includes an asymmetric layered structure (described in more detail below). In particular, article 10 is such that light It may contain SLML14, which selectively absorbs energy at specific wavelengths.

[0035] SLML14 (and / or materials within SLML14) can selectively modulate light. For example, SLML14 can control the amount of transmission at a specific wavelength. In some examples, SLM L14 selects energy at a specific wavelength (e.g., within the visible and / or invisible range). It can be absorbed selectively. For example, SLML14 is a "colored layer" and / or a "wavelength selective absorption layer". This can be expressed as follows: In some cases, the article 10 is particularly absorbed by a specific wavelength. It may appear as a specific color. For example, SLML14 may appear red to the human eye. (For example, SLML14 can absorb light wavelengths less than approximately 620 nm.) Therefore, it reflects or transmits the energy of wavelengths that appear red. This is due to colorants (for example). Selective light-modulated particles (SL) are organic pigments and / or inorganic pigments and / or dyes. This is achieved by adding MP to a host material such as a dielectric material (e.g., polymer). It is possible. For example, in some cases, SLML14 may be colored plastic. stomach.

[0036] In some cases, some or all of the specific wavelengths that are absorbed may be in the visible range. (For example, SLML14 can absorb the entire visible spectrum but transmits infrared light.) The resulting article 10 appears black, but reflects infrared light. Some examples above So, the absorption wavelength (and / or specific visible color) of article 10 and / or SLML14 This may depend at least partially on the thickness of SLML14. Additionally or alternatively, S The wavelengths of energy absorbed by LML14 (and / or these layers and / or The visible color of the flakes may, in part, depend on the addition of certain aspects to SLML14. In addition to absorbing specific wavelengths of energy, SLML14 is also resistant to degradation. Strengthening of the ray coating 16; enabling delamination from the substrate; enabling sizing; reflection. The aluminum or other metals and materials used in layer 16 are resistant to environmental degradation such as oxidation. To provide resistance to light transmission, reflection, and absorption based on the composition and thickness of SLML14; It is possible to achieve at least one of the high performance aspects in terms of revenue.

[0037] In some examples, a specific wavelength of energy and / or a specific wavelength of visible light is selected. In addition to or as a substitute for the SLML14 that absorbs the target, the SLML14 of article 10 is, The refractive index can be controlled, and / or SLML14 is a selective optical modulation grain with a controllable refractive index. It can contain sub-substances (SLMPs). In addition to absorption-controlled SLMPs (e.g., colorants), Alternatively, an SLMP capable of controlling the refractive index of SLML14 can be included within the host material. It is possible. In some examples, the host material is SLML14 absorption-controlled SLMP and It can be combined with both refractive index SLMPs. In some examples, the same SLMP can be used for absorption and refractive index. Both the bending rate and the bending rate can be controlled.

[0038] The performance of SLML14 can be determined based on the selection of materials present in SLML14. In one embodiment, SLML14 handles flakes, corrosion, alignment, and other layers within article 10. For example, this can improve at least one of the environmental performance characteristics of the reflective layer 16.

[0039] The first (and optionally the second, third, fourth, etc.) SLML14 each independently hosts The host material may consist of the host material alone or in combination with a selective optical modulation system (SLMS). Obtain. In one embodiment, at least one of the first SLML14 may include a host material. In this embodiment, at least one of the first SLML14 may include a host material and an SLMS. SLMS consists of selective light-modulating molecules (SLMMs), selective light-modulating particles (SLMPs), and additives. Or it may include a combination of those.

[0040] The composition of SLML14 ranges from approximately 0.01% to 100%, for example, from approximately 0.05% to 80%. As a further example, it may have a solid content ranging from about 1% to about 30%. In some embodiments, solid The form component may exceed 3%. In some embodiments, the composition of SLML14 is about 3% to about 10% It may have a solid content ranging from 0% to, for example, approximately 4% to 50%.

[0041] The first SLML14 host material is independently coated as a coating solution, and optically It may be a film-forming material that serves a useful and structural purpose. The host material is, if necessary, an article. 10 Selective Optical Modulation Systems (SLMS) and other systems to provide additional optical modulation characteristics. It can be used as a host (matrix) for implementing a 3D system.

[0042] The host material may be a dielectric material. Additionally or alternatively, the host material may be organic. It may be at least one of polymers, inorganic polymers, and composite materials. Non-exclusive examples include polyester, polyolefin, polycarbonate, and polyamide. Polyimide, polyurethane, acrylic, acrylate, polyvinyl ester, poly Tel, polythiol, silicone, fluorocarbon and various copolymers thereof Thermoplastics such as epoxy, polyurethane, acrylate, melamine phosphate. Thermosetting substances such as aldehydes, urea formaldehyde, and phenol formaldehyde Resins; such as acrylates, epoxy, vinyl, vinyl esters, styrene, and silane. Energy-curable materials are one example. Non-limiting examples of inorganic polymers include silanes and siloxanes. Sun, titanate, zirconate, aluminate, silicate, phosphazene, polyvora Examples include dilen and polythiadyl.

[0043] The first SLML14 may contain approximately 0.001% to 100% by weight of host material. In one embodiment, the host material is approximately 0.01% to approximately 95% by weight of SLML14, for example. SL ranges from approximately 0.1% by weight to approximately 90% by weight, and as another example, from approximately 1% by weight to approximately 87% by weight. It may exist in ML14.

[0044] SLMS for use with host material in SLML14 is selected independently. Selectively Modulated Optical Particles (SLMPs), Selectively Modulated Optical Molecules (SLMMs), Additives, or combinations thereof May include composites. SLMS may include other materials. SLMS is a selected area or subject. Modulation of electromagnetic radiation amplitude (absorption, reflection, It may provide fluorescence, etc.

[0045] Each of the first SLML14s can independently include SLMP in SLMS. SLMPs are any particles that, in combination with a host material, selectively control optical modulation. For example, color-shift particles, dyes, colorants containing one or more dyes, pigments, reflective pigments, Examples include color-shift pigments, quantum dots, and selective reflectors. Non-limited SLMPs Examples include organic pigments, inorganic pigments, quantum dots, and nanoparticles (which selectively reflect and / or absorb). This includes, for example, micelles. Examples of nanoparticles include those with a high refractive index (approximately 550N). Organic and organometallic materials with n > 1.6 at a wavelength of m; TiO2, ZrO2, In2 O3, In2O3-SnO, SnO2, Fe x O y(x and y are each independently 0 Metal oxides such as WO3 (larger integers); ZnS and Cu x S y (x and y are Metal sulfides (each independently a greater than 0 integer); chalcogenides, quantum dots, metals Examples include nanoparticles; carbonates; fluorides; and combinations thereof.

[0046] Examples of SLMMs include other molecules such as organic dyes, inorganic dyes, micelles, and chromophores. The system is included.

[0047] In some embodiments, the SLMS of the first SLML14 is a curing agent and coating aid. It may contain at least one additive, such as a chemical agent.

[0048] A curing agent is a compound or material that can initiate curing, vitrification, crosslinking, or polymerization of a host material. It may be a material. Non-limiting examples of curing agents include solvents, radical generators (energy or chemical). (by chemical substances), acid generators (by energy or chemical substances), condensation initiators and acids / It contains a base catalyst.

[0049] Non-exclusive examples of coating aids include leveling agents, wetting agents, defoamers, adhesion promoters, Antioxidants, UV stabilizers, curing inhibitors, antifouling agents, corrosion inhibitors, photosensitizers, secondary crosslinking agents and an infrared absorber for improved infrared drying. In one embodiment, the antioxidant is It may be present in the composition of SLML14 in amounts ranging from approximately 25 ppm to approximately 5% by weight.

[0050] Each of SLML14 can independently contain a solvent. Non-limiting examples of solvents include: Acetates such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and butyl acetate; acetone; water; dimethyl acetate Luketone (DMK), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), sec-butyl methyl ketone (SB) MK), tert-butyl methyl ketone (TBMK), cyclopentanone and aniso Ketones such as propyl glycol methyl ether; propylene glycol methyl ether Glycols and glycol derivatives such as methyl acetate; isopropyl alcohol Alcohols such as diacetone alcohol; esters such as malonates; n-methyl methyl alcohol Heterocyclic solvents such as rolidone; hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; glycols This may include condensing solvents such as tel; and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the solvent is SLML For a total weight of 14, this ranges from approximately 0% to approximately 99.9% by weight, for example, approximately 0.005% by weight. The first S is in an amount ranging from approximately 0.05% to approximately 90% by weight, as a further example. It can exist in LML14'.

[0051] In some cases, the first SLML14 consists of (i) a photoinitiator and (ii) an oxygen suppression mitigation agent. A set comprising (iii) a product, and at least one of (iv) a leveling agent and an antifoaming agent. It may contain finished products.

[0052] By using oxygen suppression mitigation compositions, the oxygen suppression of free radical materials can be mitigated. Molecular oxygen eliminates the triplet state of the photoinitiator sensitizer or removes free radicals. This leads to a decrease in coating properties and / or an uncured liquid surface. Oxygen suppression mitigation The composition may reduce oxygen suppression or improve the curing of any SLML14.

[0053] The oxygen-inhibiting composition may contain two or more compounds. The oxygen-inhibiting relaxation composition may contain a small amount of compounds. At least one acrylate, for example, at least one acrylate monomer and less It may contain at least one acrylate oligomer. In one embodiment, oxygen suppression relaxation group The product comprises at least one acrylate monomer and two acrylate oligomers. This is possible. Non-limiting examples of acrylates for use in oxygen suppression and mitigation compositions include: Epoxy acrylates such as acrylates, methacrylates, and modified epoxy acrylates. Acid-functional polyester acrylate, tetrafunctional polyester acrylate, modified polyester Polyester acrylates such as steraldehyde and bio-derived polyester acrylates. Amine-modified amines containing amine-functionalized acrylate co-initiators and tertiary amine co-initiators Polyether acrylates such as reether acrylates; aromatic urethane acrylates Modified aliphatic urethane acrylate, aliphatic urethane acrylate and aliphatic allophane Urethane acrylates such as phosphate-based urethane acrylates; and their monomers and oligomers may be included. In one embodiment, the oxygen suppression mitigation composition is two oligomers It may contain at least one acrylate oligomer. The acrylate oligomers are mercapto-modified polyester acrylates and amine-modified polyesters. Polyester acrylates such as reethertetraacrylate and polyetheramine It can be selected from related options. The oxygen suppression mitigation composition is 1,6-hexanedi It may also contain at least one monomer, such as an all-diacrylate. The Japanese composition should be approximately 5% to 95% by weight of the total weight of SLML14, for example, about 10 The amount ranges from approximately 90% by weight to approximately 15% by weight to approximately 85% by weight. It can exist in SLML14 of 1.

[0054] In some cases, the host material for SLML14 uses a non-radical curing system such as a cationic system. It can be used. Cationic systems have the effect of mitigating the oxygen suppression in free radical processes. Because it is less susceptible, oxygen suppression mitigation compositions may not be necessary. In one example, monomer 3 The use of ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane does not require an oxygen relaxation composition.

[0055] In one embodiment, the first SLML14 independently contains two photoinitiators or three It may contain at least one photoinitiator, such as a photoinitiator. The photoinitiator is a shorter wave It can be used for a long time. The photopolymerization initiator may be active to chemical wavelengths. The photoinitiator is It may be a type 1 photoinitiator or a type II photoinitiator. SLML14 contains a type I photoinitiator. Initiator only, Type II photoinitiator only, or both Type I and Type II photoinitiators The combination may include the following: The photoinitiator is added to the total weight of the SLML14 composition. And, approximately 0.25% by weight to approximately 15% by weight, for example, approximately 0.5% by weight to approximately 10% by weight, and furthermore, For example, it is present in the composition of SLML14 in an amount ranging from approximately 1% by weight to approximately 5% by weight. It is possible.

[0056] The photoinitiator may be a phosphine oxide. A phosphine oxide is, for example, a monoa May contain sylphosphine oxide and bisacylphosphine oxide. Monoacylpho Sphin oxide is diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide It can be a side. Bisacylphosphine oxide is bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenn It may be zoyl phenylphosphine oxide. In one embodiment, at least one phosphine Phosphate oxides may be present in the composition of SLML14. For example, two phosphine oxides Sides may be present in the composition of SLML14.

[0057] Sensitizers may be present in the composition of SLML14, type 1 and / or type 1. It can act as a photoinitiator for type II photoinitiators. The sensitizer acts as a photoinitiator for type II photoinitiators. It can also function as an initiator. In one embodiment, the sensitizer is added to the total weight of the SLML14 composition. In contrast, approximately 0.05% by weight to approximately 10% by weight, for example, approximately 0.1% by weight to approximately 7% by weight, and further For example, it may be present in the composition of SLML14 in an amount ranging from approximately 1% to approximately 5% by weight. The sensitizer may be a thioxanthone such as 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanthone. ru.

[0058] In one embodiment, SLML14 may include a leveling agent. The leveling agent is a por It may be a acrylate. The leveling agent eliminates the craters in the SLML14 composition. It is possible. The leveling agent is added in an amount of approximately 0.05% of the total weight of the SLML14 composition. Weight % to approximately 10% by weight, for example, approximately 1% by weight to approximately 7% by weight, and as a further example, approximately 2% by weight SLML14 can be present in the composition in amounts ranging from weight % to approximately 5% by weight.

[0059] The first SLML14 may also include an antifoaming agent. The antifoaming agent can lower the surface tension. Yes, it is possible. The defoaming agent may be a silicone-free liquid organic polymer. The defoaming agent is SL Approximately 0.05% to 5% by weight, for example, about 0.2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the ML14 composition. SLM is used in quantities ranging from % to approximately 4% by weight, and as another example, in quantities ranging from approximately 0.4% by weight to approximately 3% by weight. It can be present in the composition of L14.

[0060] The first SLML14 each independently has a refractive index greater than or less than approximately 1.5 It can have. For example, each SLML14' may have a refractive index of about 1.5. Each S The refractive index of LML14 can be selected to provide the required degree of color shift. Color shift is L with viewing angle * a * b * It can be defined as a change in the hue angle measured in the color space. In some examples, each SLML14 is approximately 1.1 to 3.0, approximately 1.0 to 1.3, and This can include refractive indices in the range of approximately 1.1 to approximately 1.2. In some examples, each SL The refractive index of ML14 can be less than approximately 1.5, less than approximately 1.3, or less than approximately 1.2. In a few examples, SLML14 is substantial if there are two or more SLMLs in article 10. It can have a refractive index equal to or different from that of the others.

[0061] The first SLML14 has a range of approximately 1 nm to 10,000 nm and approximately 10 nm to 1,000 nm. Approx. 20nm ~ approx. 500nm, approx. 1nm ~ approx. 100nm, approx. 10nm ~ approx. 1000nm, approx. It can have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to approximately 5000 nm. In one embodiment, optical tools, etc. Article 10 may have an aspect ratio of 1:1 to 1:50 in terms of thickness and width.

[0062] For example, SLML14 uses a diketopyrrolopyrrole-insoluble red dye as SLMP. The alicyclic epoxy resin host used may contain aluminum. It is possible.

[0063] For example, SLML14 uses white pigment (titania) as SLMP in acrylic It can contain an oligomer resin host.

[0064] For example, SLML14 is an acrylate that uses a black IR-transmitting pigment as SLML. The oligomer resin host may contain aluminum, and the reflective layer 16 may contain aluminum. ru.

[0065] However, one of the advantages of Article 10 described herein is that, in some examples, optical effect The fruit appears to be relatively insensitive to variations in thickness. Therefore, several In this embodiment, each SLML14 independently has an optical thickness variation of less than approximately 5%. This is possible. In one embodiment, each SLML14 independently has an optical thickness of less than approximately 3% across the entire layer. This may include variations in the degree of variation. In one embodiment, each SLML14 is independently about 50n Optical The target thickness can have a variation of less than approximately 1%.

[0066] In one embodiment, an article 10 such as an optical instrument in the form of flakes, foils, or sheets is placed on a substrate and A release layer may also be included. In one embodiment, the release layer is between the substrate and the article 10. It can be placed.

[0067] Additionally or alternatively, Article 10 in the form of flakes, sheets, or foils may be placed on Article 10. It may also include a hard coat or protective layer. In some examples, these layers (hard The coating (or protective layer) does not require optical quality.

[0068] Articles 10, such as optical instruments, described herein can be manufactured by any method. For example, a sheet is created, and then it is divided, crushed, polished, etc., to form an optical tool. It can be made up of small pieces. In some examples, the sheet is, for example, as follows: A liquid coating process, including the process described with respect to and / or Figure 17 It can be created by doing so.

[0069] As described herein, for example, article 10 in the form of a sheet, flake or foil A method of manufacture is disclosed. This method involves depositing a reflective layer 16 on a substrate; reflective layer 1 6 deposits a first selective light modulation layer 14 on top of; and selective light modulation layer 14, selective light Functional layer 12 on the outer surface of the modulation layer 14, near the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer 14, selective optical modulation At least one of the functional layers 12 near the reflective layer 16 of the tone layer 14 and outside the reflective layer 16 This may include providing a functional molecule 12 to the first selective It can be provided to the functional layer 12 on the outer surface of the optical modulation layer 14. In another embodiment, functional Molecules 12 may be provided to the functional layer 12 outside the reflective layer 16. In a further embodiment, functional The molecule 12 can be provided to the selective optical modulation layer 14, for example, the selective optical modulation layer 14 It can be provided on the entire surface, near the outer surface, or near the reflective layer 16.

[0070] As described herein, for example, article 10 in the form of a sheet, flake or foil A manufacturing method is also disclosed. This method involves depositing a reflective layer 16 on a substrate; reflective layer 1 6 deposits a first selective optical modulation layer 14 on top of the reflective layer 16, and the surface of the reflective layer 16 The outer functional layer 12, the area near the outer surface of the reflective layer 16, and the selective optical modulation layer 14 of the reflective layer 16 This may include providing a functional molecule 12 to at least one of the nearby molecules. The functional molecule 12 can be provided to the reflective layer 16. In another embodiment, the functional molecule 12 is It can be provided to the functional layer 12 on the outer surface of the reflective layer 16. In a further embodiment, the functional The functional molecule 12 can be provided near the outer surface of the reflective layer 16. In another embodiment, the functional The molecules can be located near the selective light modulation layer 14 of the reflective layer 16.

[0071] In this method, the substrate may include a delamination layer. In the disclosed method, plasma enhancement Physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, thin film deposition, atomic layer deposition, and other improved technologies, including fluidized bed vapor deposition. The reflective layer 16 can be deposited using known conventional deposition processes. The method includes non-vacuum deposition, including liquid coating processes, as disclosed herein. The reflective layer 16 is deposited using known conventional deposition processes that do not utilize a vacuum. It is possible.

[0072] The substrate can be made of a flexible material. The substrate can accept any layer to be deposited. It can be a suitable material. Non-limiting examples of suitable substrate materials include polyethylene terephthalate. Polymer webs such as PET, glass foil, glass sheets, polymer foil, polymer Sheets, metal foil, metal sheets, ceramic foil, ceramic sheets, ionic liquids, paper, silicone This includes condensing wafers, etc. The substrate thickness can be varied, for example, about 2 μm~ It could be approximately 100 μm, or, as another example, in the range of approximately 10 to 50 μm.

[0073] Present in the first and / or second SLML14, 14' and / or SLML14 Functional molecules present in the functional layer 12 and / or the reflective layer 16 The molecules and / or functional molecules 12 present in the reflective layer 16 are used in processes such as slot die processes. It can be deposited by a liquid coating process. The components include slot beads, slide beads, slot curtains, slide curtains, and single layers. and multi-layer coating, tensioned web slots, gravure, roll coating Apply the liquid to the substrate or to an already deposited layer, then allow it to dry and / or harden. This includes other liquid coating and printing processes that form a liquid layer or film to be transformed. It can be done.

[0074] Next, the substrate can be peeled off from the deposited layer to create article 10. In one embodiment, The substrate can be cooled, and any associated delamination layer, if present, can be embrittled. Another embodiment So, the delamination layer is subjected to, for example, heating and / or photonic or electron beam energy The hardening process causes embrittlement, increasing the degree of crosslinking and enabling delamination. Subsequently, The deposited layer can be mechanically removed, such as by sharply bending or brushing the surface. The exfoliated layer is used in optical instruments in the form of flakes, foils, or sheets using known techniques. It can be sized to items such as item 10.

[0075] In another embodiment, the deposited layer can be moved from the substrate to another surface. It can be punched or cut to produce large flakes with distinct sizes and shapes.

[0076] Liquid coating processes can achieve faster rates compared to other deposition techniques such as vapor deposition. The composition of LML14, 14', reflective layer 16 and / or functional molecule 12 moves. This makes it possible. Furthermore, the liquid coating process enables SLML14, 14', and reflection. Various materials used in layer 16 and functional molecule 12 can be set up with a simple device. The layer formed using the disclosed liquid coating process exhibits improved optical properties. It is thought that this could demonstrate ability.

[0077] Figure 17 shows the formation of a layer using a liquid coating process. The layer, for example, SLM L14, reflector 16 or functional molecule 12 composition (liquid coating composition) The material can be inserted into the die 320 and deposited onto the substrate 340 to obtain a wet film. With respect to the disclosed process, the substrate 340 consists of a substrate, a release layer, a reflective layer 16 and already deposited It may include at least one of the layers from the bottom of the slot die 320 to the substrate. The distance up to 340 is the slot gap G. As shown in Figure 17, liquid coating The composition can be deposited with a wet film thickness D greater than the dry film thickness H. After the wet film of the coating composition is deposited on the substrate 340, the wet film of the liquid coating composition The existing solvent can be evaporated. The liquid coating process continues with the liquid coating. The wetted film of the coating composition is cured to obtain the correct optical thickness H (in the range of approximately 30 to 700 nm). This results in a cured self-planar layer having a (circumference). Self-planar ability of liquid coating composition The force likely reduced the variation in optical thickness across the entire layer. Ultimately, Article 10, such as an optical tool, containing a self-planarizing liquid coating composition exhibits high optical precision. It is possible. For ease of understanding, the terms "wet film" and "dry film" refer to the liquid film. Used to refer to liquid coating compositions at various stages of the coating process. ru.

[0078] The liquid coating process involves a small portion of the coating speed and slot gap G. Alternatively, one of the factors may be adjusted to achieve a wet film of a predetermined thickness D. The body coating composition is approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 500 μm, for example, approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 5 μm It can be deposited to have a wet film thickness D in the range of m. Wet film within the disclosed range The formed liquid coating composition having a thickness D is a stable layer, i.e., a striped pattern or This can result in a layer free from damage or defects such as streaks. In one embodiment, a wetted film This uses slot die bead mode with a coating speed of up to approximately 100 m / min. A stable wetted film can have a thickness of approximately 10 to 12 μm. In another embodiment, The wet film is then coated at a maximum coating speed of approximately 1200 m / min in slot die curtain mode. Using this method, a stable wet film can be obtained with a thickness of approximately 8 to 10 μm.

[0079] The liquid coating process is carried out at a speed of approximately 0.1 to approximately 1000 m / min, with a volume of approximately 1 to approximately 100. The ratio of the slot gap G to the wet film thickness D may be included. In one embodiment, the ratio is approximately At a coating speed of 100 m / min, the ratio is approximately 9. In one embodiment, the ratio is approximately 50 m / min The coating speed can be approximately 20. The liquid coating process is approximately 0 to 1000. It may have a slot gap G in the range of μm. Reducing the slot gap G can lead to wet The film thickness can be reduced. In slot bead mode, the wet film thickness can exceed 10 μm. This enables faster coating speeds.

[0080] The liquid coating process operates at speeds of approximately 0.1 to 1000 m / min, for example, approximately 25 m / min. Approximately 950 m / min, for example, approximately 100 m / min to approximately 900 m, and in further examples, approximately 200 m / min It can have a coating speed in the range of minutes to approximately 850 m / min. In one embodiment, The treading speed is greater than approximately 150 m / min, and in further examples, greater than approximately 500 m / min. big.

[0081] In one embodiment, the coating speed of the bead-mode liquid coating process is approximately 0.1 m / min to approximately 600 m / min, for example, it may be in the range of approximately 50 to approximately 150 m / min. Another embodiment So, the coating speed of the curtain mode liquid coating process is approximately 200 m / min. It can range from approximately 300 m / min to approximately 1200 m / min, for example, around 1500 m / min.

[0082] As shown in Figure 17, the solvent can be evaporated from the wet film before the wet film hardens. Yes, it is possible. In one embodiment, before the liquid coating composition hardens, about 100%, for example, about 9% 9.9%, and as a further example, approximately 99.8% of the solvent is evaporated from the liquid coating composition. In a further embodiment, trace amounts can be added to the cured / dried liquid coating composition. A solvent may be present. In one embodiment, a wetted film with a larger original weight percentage of the solvent will be reduced This can result in a dry film with a slightly thicker film thickness H. In particular, when the weight percentage of the solvent is high, the film is thick. A wet film deposited with a wet film thickness D becomes a liquid coating composition with a small dry film thickness H. is obtained. After evaporation of the solvent, the wet film remains liquid, thereby avoiding problems such as skinning and island formation during the curing step of subsequent liquid coating process. It is important to pay attention to this .

[0083] The dynamic viscosity of the wet film can range from about 0.5 to about 50 cP, for example, from about 1 to about 45 cP, and in a further example from about 2 to about 40 cP. The viscosity measurement temperature is 25 °C, and rheology is measured with an Anton Paar MCR 101 rheometer with a solvent trap using a cone / plate with a diameter of 40 mm at an angle of 0.3° with a gap setting of 0.025 mm .

[0084] In certain embodiments, the liquid coating composition and the solvent can be selected such that the wet film exhibits Newtonian behavior for precision coating of the liquid coating composition using a liquid coating process. The wet film can exhibit a Newtonian shear rate of up to 10,000 seconds or more. In one embodiment, the shear rate of the liquid coating process ‐1 is 1000 seconds at a coating speed of up to 25 m / min, for example, 3900 seconds at a coating speed of up to 100 m / min, and in a further example, 7900 seconds ‐1 at a coating speed of up to 200 m / min. It is understood that the maximum shear rate can occur in a very thin wet film such as 1 μm thick. ‐1 As the thickness of the wet film increases, the shear rate is expected to decrease, for example, it decreases by 15% in a 10 ‐1 μm wet film, and in a further example, it decreases by 30% in a 20 μm wet film .

[0085] .

[0086] The evaporation of the solvent from a wetted film can change its viscosity and potentially produce pseudoplasticity, which is... This may be beneficial in achieving precision layers such as the reflective layer 16 and / or SLML 14. After the medium evaporates, the dynamic viscosity of the sedimentary layer is approximately 10 cP to 3000 cP, for example, approximately 20 cP. P can range from approximately 2500 cP, and as a further example, it can range from approximately 30 cP to approximately 2000 cP. When a solvent is present, evaporating it from the wetted film increases viscosity and exhibits pseudoplastic behavior. This can occur. Pseudoplastic behavior enables the self-planarization of the wetted film.

[0087] In one embodiment, the method involves using known techniques to evaporate the solvent present in the wetted film. This may include: the time required to evaporate the solvent, the speed of the web / substrate and the dryer. It may depend on the capacity. In one embodiment, the temperature of the dryer (not shown) is less than about 120°C, for example For example, the temperature can be less than approximately 100°C, or, as a further example, less than approximately 80°C.

[0088] The wet film deposited using the liquid coating process is cured using known techniques. It can be done. In one embodiment, the wetted film is exposed to ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light or electron beam It can be cured using a hardener that utilizes at least one of the following. The process can proceed in an inert atmosphere or ambient atmosphere. In one embodiment, the curing step is performed at approximately 395 N A UV light source with a wavelength of m is used. The UV light source emits approximately 100 mJ / cm². 2 ~about 10 000 mJ / cm 2 For example, approximately 200 mJ / cm² 2 ~Approx. 900mJ / cm 2 , and Another example is approximately 300 mJ / cm². 2~about 850mJ / cm 2 Wet film with irradiation dose within the range It can be applied to this.

[0089] Wetted films can be crosslinked using known techniques. A non-limiting example is free radio. Photopolymerization, spectrally sensitized free radical polymerization, photo-induced cationic polymerization, spectrally sensitized cationic polymerization Photo-induced polymerization such as on polymerization and photo-induced addition cyclization; electron beam-induced free radical polymerization, electron Electron beam-induced polymerization, such as electron beam-induced cationic polymerization and electron beam-induced addition cyclization; and thermally induced cationic polymerization. This includes thermally induced polymerization, such as polymerization.

[0090] SLML14, 14', and reflective layer 16 formed using a liquid coating process The functional layer 12 may exhibit improved optical performance, i.e., it may be a precision layer. In some cases, precision layers have optical thickness variations of less than approximately 3% across the entire layer, and about 5%. This is understood to mean a layer with optical thickness variation or an optical thickness variation of approximately 7%. can.

[0091] In one embodiment, the liquid coating process is performed at a speed of approximately 5 to approximately 100 m / min and approximately 50 Adjust at least one of the coating gaps ranging from μm to approximately 100 μm, to approximately 50 A wet film of approximately 2 μm to 10 μm in thickness of a deposited layer having a predetermined thickness from 0 nm to approximately 1500 nm. This may include depositing. In a further embodiment, the process may be 30 m / min This can include a speed, a 75 μm gap, a 10 μm wet film, and a dry film thickness of 1.25 μm. Cut.

[0092] For example, SLML14 is an aliphatic epoxy resin that uses solvent dyes as SLMM. The reflective layer 16 may include aluminum.

[0093] Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid, wax, silane, fluorocarbon Functional molecules 12 such as Bonwax are reflected onto the substrate by the reflector 16 and / or SLML 14 It can be used to control adhesion and, therefore, to promote delamination from the substrate.

[0094] Contains oligomers having functional groups such as phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and siloxane. By using functional molecules 12, adhesion to the reflective layer 16 can be controlled and charge can be dissipated. Cut.

[0095] Functional molecules 12 and oligomers having a silane or fluorocarbon group are SLM This can increase the hydrophobicity of L14, thereby improving its compatibility with hydrophobic paint vehicles. This is possible. When hydrophilicity of SLML14 is desired for the paint vehicle, hydroxyl, cal Additives containing hydrophilic groups such as ammonium acids, phosphoric acids, amines, amides, urea, and urethanes are SL This can increase the hydrophilicity of ML14.

[0096] Functional molecules such as crosslinkable dispersants, carboxylates, or phosphate-containing molecules are used with SLMPs. This can increase the adhesive strength between the host material and the host material.

[0097] Functional molecules such as primary and secondary amines are polymerized by free radical polymerization to form a reflective layer 1 6. This can alleviate oxygen suppression during UV curing of deposited layers such as SLML14. Furthermore, they can facilitate charge dissipation through SLML14.

[0098] β-carotene, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, quercetin, sterically hindered amines, Functional molecules such as phenol can be effective singlet oxygen quenchers.

[0099] Functional molecules 12 such as silane and fluorocarbon-containing molecules are strongly hydrophobic; Therefore, by incorporating them into SLML 14, the moisture diffusing through it can be minimized.

[0100] Functional molecules 12 such as organophosphorus compounds can be used as flame retardants. Phosphoric containing compounds can also promote the dissipation of charges through SLML 14.

[0101] Functional molecules 12 containing silane and fluorocarbon groups usually have weak intermolecular interactions ; as a result, they can be used in SLML 14 or the reflective layer 16 to minimize the interaction between flakes and flakes, that is, the static friction.

[0102] Functional molecules 12 such as UV absorbers such as benzoates and benzotriazoles can absorb UV light in different wavelength ranges other than the wavelength at which the curing of the SLML 14 host material occurs . By using sterically hindered amines in SLML 14 to neutralize oxygen and peroxy radicals , SLML 14 can be protected from degradation.

[0103] Superacid generating molecules such as iodonium / sulfonium salts can be utilized as electron beam curing catalysts for cationic SLML host chemistry .

[0104] From the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can understand that the present teachings can be implemented in various forms. Therefore, these teachings have been described in relation to their specific embodiments and examples. However, the true scope of this instruction should not be limited in that way. Various changes and modifications can be made without deviating from the established rules.

[0105] This disclosure should be interpreted broadly. This disclosure is not limited to the tools disclosed herein. Discloses equivalents, means, systems, and methods for achieving activities and mechanical movements. It is intended that each disclosed tool, article, method, means, mechanical element, or mechanism be used. This disclosure is also included in that disclosure, and many aspects, mechanisms and The intention is to teach equivalents, means, systems, and methods for implementing the tools. Furthermore, this disclosure relates to coatings and many of their embodiments, features and elements. Such tools can be dynamic in their use and operation, and this disclosure describes them. Equivalents, means, systems and methods of use of optical tools and / or manufacture, as well as This includes many aspects consistent with the spirit of the descriptions and operations and functions disclosed herein. It is intended that the claims of this application be interpreted similarly broadly. The description of many embodiments of the present invention is essentially illustrative and therefore the present invention Any modifications that do not deviate from the spirit of the invention shall be considered to be within the scope of the invention. It should not be considered a deviation from the spirit and scope of the Ming Dynasty.

Claims

1. It is an optical instrument, Reflective layer and; The selective optical modulation layer outside the reflective layer; The selective optical modulation layer, the outer functional layer on the surface of the selective optical modulation layer, the selective optical modulation layer Functional layer near the outer surface, near the reflective layer of the selective light modulation layer, and outside the reflective layer A functional molecule present in at least one of the following, Optical instruments, including those mentioned above.

2. Claim 1, wherein the functional molecule is present in the functional layer outside the surface of the selective light modulation layer. The optical instruments described.

3. The optical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the functional molecule is present in the functional layer outside the reflective layer. 。

4. The optical tool according to claim 1, wherein the functional molecule is present in the selective light modulation layer.

5. The optical optical layer according to claim 1, wherein the functional molecule is present on the outer surface of the selective optical modulation layer. tool.

6. The functional molecule is located near the reflective layer of the selective optical modulation layer, as described in claim 1. Optical tools.

7. The reflective layer includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; The optical tool according to claim 1, wherein the selective optical modulation layer is a first selective optical modulation layer.

8. The first selective optical modulation layer is located outside the first surface of the reflective layer; The second selective optical modulation layer is located outside the second surface of the reflective layer, as described in claim 7. Optical tools.

9. The functional molecule is present in at least one of the first and second selective light modulation layers. Optical instruments as described in item 8.

10. The functional molecule is located on the outer surface of the first selective light modulation layer and the second selective light modulation layer. The optical tool according to claim 8, which is present on at least one of the outer surfaces of the layer.

11. The functional molecule is located outside the surface of at least one of the first and second selective light modulation layers. The optical tool according to claim 8, which is present in at least one functional layer.

12. The functional molecule is located near the reflection layer of at least one of the first and second selective light modulation layers. An optical tool according to claim 8, which exists in [location].

13. The functional molecules include: charge dissipation group; coating bonding group; and adhesion-enhancing group. The optical instrument according to claim 1, comprising at least one group selected from a loop.

14. The aforementioned charge dissipation group includes amines, polyols, phosphoric acid, amides, and quaternary ammonium salts. Pyridinium salt, polyethylene glycol, phenol, carbon black, conductive gold Affiliated particles, carbon nanotubes, indium oxide, conductive polymers, sulfonic acid and so The optical instrument according to claim 13, including a combination thereof.

15. The aforementioned coating bonding group includes acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, and epoxy. urethane, polyol, amine, phenol, carboxylic acid, amide, thiol and so The optical instrument according to claim 13, including a combination thereof.

16. The aforementioned adhesion-enhancing group includes siloxanes, amines, polyols, polycarboxylic acids, and phosphoric acids. This includes sulfonic acids, amines, anhydrides, acyl halides, and combinations thereof. Optical instruments as described in item 13.

17. A method for manufacturing optical tools, Depositing a reflective layer on a substrate; Depositing a selective optical modulation layer on the reflective layer; and The selective optical modulation layer, the outer functional layer on the surface of the selective optical modulation layer, the selective optical modulation layer Functional layer near the outer surface, near the reflective layer of the selective light modulation layer, and outside the reflective layer To provide a functional molecule in at least one of the following: A method for manufacturing optical tools, including

18. Claim 17, wherein the functional molecule is present in the functional layer outside the surface of the selective light modulation layer. Methods used.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the functional molecule is present in the functional layer outside the reflective layer.

20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the functional molecule is present in the selective light modulation layer.

Images