Superconducting magnets, plasma devices, nuclear fusion devices, and coil guides for superconducting magnets

Abstract

Disclosed are a superconducting magnet, a plasma device, a nuclear fusion device, and a coil guide for a superconducting magnet, which are capable of properly winding a spiral-shaped superconducting wire surrounding a torus space. [Solution] The present disclosure provides a superconducting magnet in the shape of a spiral that surrounds a torus space, comprising a coil formed of a superconducting wire and a coil guide that forms a winding frame along the curve of the spiral shape, wherein the coil guide is a superconducting magnet in which the torus space side support surface of the inner surface of the winding frame that supports the coil from the torus space side is orthogonal to the principal normal vector of the curve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application discloses a superconducting magnet, a plasma device, a fusion device, and a coil guide for a superconducting magnet.

Background Art

[0002] As a coil included in a magnetic confinement type fusion device, for example, there is a helical coil wound in a spiral shape so as to surround the periphery of a toroidal space (see Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Since the superconducting wire is formed of a delicate material, care must be taken when winding it into a coil. For example, as a form of the superconducting wire, there is a form in which a superconducting layer is laminated on an elongated tape-shaped base material. The superconducting wire using the tape-shaped base material is relatively easy to deform in the thickness direction of the tape, but it is not easy to deform in the in-plane direction of the tape. Therefore, when winding the superconducting wire using the tape-shaped base material in a spiral shape so as to surround the periphery of the toroidal space, an in-plane deformation force can inevitably occur in the tape.

[0006] Therefore, this application discloses a superconducting magnet, a plasma device, a nuclear fusion device, and a coil guide for a superconducting magnet that are capable of properly winding a spiral-shaped superconducting wire surrounding a torus space. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the above problems, in this disclosure, the support surface that supports the coil from the torus space side is made orthogonal to the principal normal vector of the coil curve.

[0008] More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a superconducting magnet in the shape of a spiral surrounding a torus space, comprising a coil formed of a superconducting wire and a coil guide that forms a winding frame along the curve of the spiral shape, wherein the coil guide is a superconducting magnet in which the torus space side support surface of the inner surface of the winding frame that supports the coil from the torus space side is orthogonal to the principal normal vector of the curve.

[0009] Here, the principal normal vector is the normal vector of the contact plane that contacts the spatial curve. With a superconducting magnet using such a coil guide, the coil is supported by a support surface perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve, making it possible to wind the coil in a natural position along the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the torus space-side support surface is located at the center in the width direction of the winding frame, relative to the principal normal of the curve. It may also be perpendicular to the curve. This allows the entire coil to be wound along the outer surface of the torus-shaped cylinder in a more natural posture compared to the case where it is perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve at locations other than the center in the width direction of the winding frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the coil may have a laminate formed by stacking tape-shaped superconducting wires, and may be supported on the torus space-side support surface in a manner in which the tape-shaped surfaces of the superconducting wires are parallel to the torus space-side support surface. In this case, the coil is supported on the torus space-side support surface in a manner in which the stacking direction of the coil laminate is perpendicular to the torus space-side support surface. Therefore, the deformation force acting in the in-plane direction on the tape-shaped superconducting wires forming the laminate is suppressed as much as possible.

[0012] Furthermore, the coil guide may have multiple winding frames, each housing multiple coils, and at least one of the winding frames may have a torus space-side support surface perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve on its inner surface. With a coil guide formed in this way, the coil is supported by the support surface perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve in the winding frame that has the torus space-side support surface perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve, making it possible to wind the coil in a natural position along the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, this disclosure may also refer to a plasma device or nuclear fusion device equipped with a superconducting magnet as described above.

[0014] Furthermore, the present disclosure also relates to a coil guide for a helical superconducting magnet surrounding a torus space, comprising a winding frame along the curve of the helical shape, and a torus space-side support surface formed on the inner surface of the winding frame, which supports a coil formed of superconducting wire from the torus space side, wherein the torus space-side support surface is orthogonal to the principal normal vector of the curve, and may be a coil guide for a superconducting magnet. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] According to this disclosure, it becomes possible to properly wind a helical-shaped superconducting wire around a torus space. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0016] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the schematic configuration of a fusion device. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the schematic configuration of a superconducting magnet. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a coil conductor. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the cross-sectional shape of a coil guide housing a coil conductor. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a coil guide housing a coil. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a first diagram for explaining the support state of a coil. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a second diagram for explaining the support state of a coil. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a third diagram for explaining the support state of a coil. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a fourth diagram for explaining the support state of a coil.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described. The embodiments shown below are one embodiment of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0018] <Schematic Configuration of Fusion Device> FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the schematic configuration of a fusion device. The fusion device 1 according to the embodiment is a magnetic confinement type fusion device, and more specifically, a helical type fusion device. The X direction, Y direction, and Z direction shown in FIG. are orthogonal to each other.

[0019] A "nuclear fusion device" is a device that extracts energy generated using a nuclear fusion reaction. A "magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device" is a nuclear fusion device that employs a method of confining the plasma used to generate the nuclear fusion reaction using magnetic field lines. Magnetic confinement methods include various types such as "tokamak type" and "helical type," depending on the shape of the magnetic field lines. In this application, "magnetic confinement method" is used as a general term for methods of confining plasma using magnetic field lines. In a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, coils are wound around a torus space for confining the plasma. A type of nuclear fusion device in which the shape of these coils encircles the torus space in a helical shape is called a "helical type."

[0020] The fusion device 1 comprises a vacuum vessel 2, a blanket 3, a divertor 5, a superconducting magnet 4, and a cryostat 7. Each of the blanket 3, divertor 5, superconducting magnet 4, and cryostat 7 is located inside the vacuum vessel 2. The divertor 5 is located inside the blanket 3.

[0021] Vacuum vessel 2 is a container for housing components necessary for continuously generating a nuclear fusion reaction. Nuclear fusion reactions use hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium as raw materials. Therefore, the inside of vacuum vessel 2 is in an ultra-high vacuum state (for example, 10°C) before the start of operation of the nuclear fusion plasma. -5 It needs to be maintained at approximately Pa or below.

[0022] Blanket 3 is a component that constitutes the flow path for the liquid metal 6. The fusion plasma FP forms an annular (torus shape) in the XY plane, which includes the X and Y directions in Figure 1. In the following description, "torus space T" refers to the torus-shaped space in which the fusion plasma FP is confined during the operation of the fusion device 1 shown in Figure 1.

[0023] Blanket 3 is positioned to sandwich the fusion plasma FP in either the X or Y direction. In other words, during operation of the fusion device 1, the fusion plasma FP (in other words, the torus space T) is sandwiched between blankets 3 in either the X or Y direction.

[0024] In the example shown in Figure 1, the liquid metal 6 flowing inside the blanket 3 is irradiated with neutrons generated by the fusion plasma (FP). In other words, the blanket 3 has the function of receiving and shielding from the neutrons generated by the fusion plasma (FP).

[0025] The liquid metal 6 acts as a coolant, transferring the heat generated by neutron irradiation to the outside. In other words, the blanket 3 has the function of transferring the thermal energy generated by neutron irradiation to the outside (for example, power generation equipment such as a turbine generator) via the coolant (liquid metal 6).

[0026] Furthermore, when irradiated with neutrons, liquid metal 6 acts as a fuel source, generating tritium, the fuel for the nuclear fusion reaction. Tritium is produced by a spallation reaction caused by neutron irradiation of lithium contained in liquid metal 6. In other words, blanket 3 functions as a raw material supply route for generating the fuel for the nuclear fusion reaction.

[0027] Divertor 5 is a component (heat receiving device) located in the part of blanket 3 where the divertor plasma DP is in contact. A portion of the fusion plasma FP is connected to a part of the surface of blanket 3 by magnetic field lines. This is called the divertor plasma. Charged particles in the plasma move along magnetic field lines. Divertor 5 utilizes this property of charged particles. This suppresses the entry of impurities into the fusion plasma fission products (FP) as charged particles.

[0028] The divertor 5 is positioned between the blanket 3 and the fusion plasma FP. Therefore, the distance between the divertor 5 and the fusion plasma FP is short. Accordingly, non-magnetic austenitic steel, as described later, is preferred as the material for the divertor 5.

[0029] The superconducting magnet 4 is a component (superconducting electromagnet) that generates magnetic field lines to maintain the fusion plasma (FP) in a pre-designed shape. The superconducting magnet 4 includes a coil formed from superconducting wire and a coil guide for shaping and maintaining the coil in the designed shape. Details of the superconducting magnet 4 will be described later.

[0030] The cryostat 7 is a container that houses the superconducting magnet 4. Furthermore, the cryostat 7 acts as a thermal shield to maintain the superconducting state of the superconducting magnet 4.

[0031] <Outline configuration of a superconducting magnet> Figure 2 shows an example of the schematic configuration of a superconducting magnet. In this embodiment, a helical-type nuclear fusion device 1 is illustrated, and the superconducting magnet 4 that generates the magnetic field for confining the fusion plasma FP has a helical shape, as shown in Figure 2, where the superconducting magnet 4 surrounds the torus space T. In this embodiment, a double-helix structure superconducting magnet is employed, in which one torus space T is surrounded by two superconducting magnets 4 (4A, 4B). Therefore, as shown in Figure 2, the nuclear fusion device 1 is illustrated with a double-helix structure formed by two superconducting magnets 4A and 4B. Since superconducting magnets 4A and 4B have basically the same configuration, in the following description, when superconducting magnets 4A and 4B are not distinguished, they will simply be referred to as "superconducting magnet 4".

[0032] The superconducting magnet 4 has a structure in which a coil formed from superconducting wire is housed in a coil guide that forms a winding frame along a helical curve. Therefore, in Figure 2, only the coil guide is shown, and the coil is housed within the coil guide.

[0033] Figure 3 shows an example of a coil conductor. The coil conductor 41 that forms the coil of the superconducting magnet 4 is a linear conductor housed in the coil guide of the superconducting magnet 4. As shown in Figure 3, it has a superconducting wire 10 which is made by bundling superconducting tape wires 11, cooling tubes 13 and spacers 14 with a metal strip 12, and a block 20 which houses the superconducting wire 10 in a holding space 21. As shown in Figure 3, the extension direction of the superconducting wire 10 is the X direction, the direction perpendicular to the X direction is the Y direction, and the normal direction of the XY plane including the X and Y directions is the Z direction.

[0034] The superconducting tape wire 11 is a tape wire in which a superconducting layer (more specifically, a high-temperature superconductor layer) is formed on a thin metal base tape with a thickness of several tens of micrometers. In this application, a superconductor that exhibits superconductivity at 77K or higher is called a high-temperature superconductor. Hereafter, it may be simply referred to as "superconducting magnet," "superconductor," "superconducting tape wire," or "superconducting wire," but all of these refer to materials that include high-temperature superconductors. Since the superconducting tape wire 11 is a tape wire in which a superconducting layer (more specifically, a high-temperature superconductor layer) is formed on a thin metal base tape with a thickness of several tens of micrometers, the thickness of the superconducting tape wire 11 is about 100 micrometers, and the width of the superconducting tape wire 11 is about 4 mm. The thickness and width of the superconducting tape wire 11 are examples, and various modifications are applicable.

[0035] In this embodiment, several dozen such superconducting tape wires 11 are stacked together in a manner that allows them to slide relative to one another, thereby forming a laminate 11A. The laminate 11A is then bundled with the cooling tube 13 and spacer 14 by the metal strip 12, allowing it to move somewhat freely within the tube formed by the metal strip 12. Therefore, the superconducting wire 10 formed by the laminate 11A of stacked superconducting tape wires 11 has relatively more flexibility in the stacking direction than in the width direction of the tape wires. In Figure 3, the ends of the laminate 11A are shown in a gently sloping, stepped shape to facilitate understanding of the structure of the coil conductor 41, but the ends are not actually processed in this manner. The ends of the laminate 11A are firmly fastened to the power supply line for the coil conductor 41.

[0036] However, if such a superconducting wire 10 is wound directly onto the coil guide, the superconducting wire 10 may be damaged. Therefore, the coil conductor 41 is equipped with a block 20 to protect the superconducting wire 10, as shown in Figure 3. The block 20 is a block that surrounds and holds the superconducting wire 10, and multiple blocks are connected by a wire 30. The wire 30 is made of a metal wire. Examples of metal materials that make up the wire 30 include so-called stainless steel (e.g., SUS304), titanium (Ti), or titanium alloys.

[0037] There are gaps between each block 20. This allows the entire coil conductor 41 to be deformed and wrapped around a structure such as a coil guide. In other words, the multiple blocks 20 have a deformable structure like a spine. The wire 30 functions as a reinforcing member to suppress damage to the superconducting wire 10 due to the tensile force when the coil conductor 41 is wrapped around the coil guide, etc. For this reason, the wire 30 is arranged to extend in the same direction as the extension direction of the superconducting wire 10 (in the case of Figure 3, the X direction). At least one wire 30 is sufficient, but it is preferable to have multiple wires 30 as shown in Figure 2, as this increases the reinforcing strength of the superconducting wire 10.

[0038] Each of the multiple blocks 20, as shown in Figure 3, includes a holding space 21 for holding the superconducting wire 10, a roof portion 22 covering the holding space 21, a bottom portion 23 located on the opposite side of the roof portion 22 via the holding space 21, and side wall portions 24 connected to the roof portion 22 and the bottom portion 23, respectively. In this embodiment, the roof portion 22, the bottom portion 23, and the side wall portion 24 are each formed as a single unit. However, the block 20 may be composed of multiple parts from which some or all of the roof portion 22, the bottom portion 23, and the side wall portion 24 can be disassembled. The roof portion 22, the bottom portion 23, and the side wall portion 24 are each made of a metallic material. Examples of metallic materials constituting the roof portion 22, the bottom portion 23, and the side wall portion 24 include titanium (Ti) or titanium alloys. In particular, for protective members of linear materials through which large currents flow, such as the superconducting wire 10, a non-magnetic material is preferred. Considering the hardness, workability, and non-magnetic properties of the material, in addition to the titanium alloy described above, stainless steel (e.g., SUS304) can also be used to form the roof portion 22, bottom portion 23, and side wall portion 24. The wire 30 is housed in a groove formed in at least one of the roof portion 22, bottom portion 23, and side wall portion 24 that form the block 20. As a result, multiple blocks 20 are connected to each other by the wire 30.

[0039] Figure 4 shows an example of the cross-sectional shape of a coil guide housing coil conductors 41. The coil guide 43 holds multiple long coil conductors 41 in a spiral shape to form a coil 42, but Figure 4 shows a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the coil conductors 41. The coil guide 43 has a winding frame 43W for forming a coil 42 by bundling and housing multiple coil conductors 41, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 shows a winding frame 43W housing four coil conductors 41, but the winding frame 43W is not limited to a size that can house such a number. The winding frame 43W may have a width that can house three or more coil conductors 41 in the horizontal direction of the paper in Figure 4, or the paper in Figure 4 may have a width that can house three or more coil conductors 41. The winding frame 43W may have a height (depth) that allows for the storage of three or more coil conductors 41 in the vertical direction on the surface. The size of the winding frame 43W is appropriately determined according to the number of coil conductors 41 that make up the coil 42.

[0040] As shown in Figure 4, the winding frame 43W has a winding frame bottom surface 43T that supports the coil 42. The coil guide 43 is placed in the fusion device 1 with the opening of the winding frame 43W facing away from the torus space T. Therefore, the winding frame bottom surface 43T that forms the bottom surface of the winding frame 43W forms a support surface (an example of a "torus space side support surface" as referred to in this application) that supports the coil 42 from the torus space T side. For this reason, the stacking direction of the laminate 11A of each coil conductor 41 that forms the coil 42 is perpendicular to the winding frame bottom surface 43T, as shown in Figure 4. Therefore, when the coil 42 is housed in the winding frame 43W of the helical coil guide 43, the coil 42 is supported from the winding frame bottom surface 43T with the superconducting wires 10 of the laminate 11A parallel to the winding frame bottom surface 43T, which forms a helical curved surface along the longitudinal direction of the winding frame 43W.

[0041] Figure 5 shows an example of a coil guide for housing a coil 42. The coil guide 43 shown in Figure 5 illustrates a part of an endless coil guide that spirally circulates around the torus space T. For example, by connecting multiple coil guides 43 as shown in Figure 5, it is possible to form an endless coil guide that spirally circulates around the torus space T.

[0042] The coil guide 43 is positioned so that the opening of the winding frame 43W faces away from the torus space T. Therefore, the bottom surface 43T of the winding frame 43W forms a spiral curved surface along the longitudinal direction of the winding frame 43W, as shown in Figure 5.

[0043] <Details of the coil guide> Incidentally, depending on the curved shape of the bottom surface 43T of the winding frame, the coil conductor 41 may not be properly supported by the bottom surface 43T of the winding frame. Figure 6 is the first diagram illustrating the support state of the coil.

[0044] Figure 6 illustrates a state in which a strip-shaped coil (winding wire) is wound spirally around the outer surface of a straight cylinder. If the curve of the coil wound spirally around the outer surface of a straight cylinder is r(t) (the center line of the coil), the tangent vector of the curve r(t) (winding direction) is e1(t), and the principal normal vector of the curve r(t) (direction of the center of curvature) is e2(t), then each function can be expressed by the following formulas.

number

[0045] Furthermore, the radius of curvature of the curve r(t) is expressed by the following formula.

number

[0046] In other words, the direction from the center of the coil to the center of curvature (direction of the center of curvature) coincides with the direction from the center of the coil to the center of the cylinder. Also, the radius of curvature is always constant. However, if this cylinder is torus-shaped rather than linear, the direction of the center of curvature does not fundamentally coincide with the direction of the center of the torus-shaped cylinder. Also, the radius of curvature is not constant. Figure 7 is a second diagram to explain the support state of the coil.

[0047] Figure 7 illustrates a state in which a strip-shaped coil (winding) is wound spirally around the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder. The length from the center of the torus to the center of the cylinder (principal radius of the torus) is R. C The distance from the center of the cylinder to the center of the coil (the small radius of the torus) is a c When the angle around the center of the torus is φ, the angle around the center of the cylinder is θ, the number of coil pitches is l, the number of coil poles is m, and the pitch modulation is α, the trajectory of the curve (centerline of the coil) of a coil (helical coil) wound in a spiral shape around the outer surface of a toroidal cylinder is defined by the following winding rule in toroidal coordinates.

number

[0048] The direction of the center of curvature of a curve spirally wrapped around the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder does not fundamentally coincide with the direction of the cylinder's center. Therefore, when a strip-shaped coil (winding) is spirally wrapped around the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder in close contact, as shown in Figure 7, the thickness direction of the coil coincides with the direction of the cylinder's center, but this direction generally does not coincide with the direction of the center of curvature of the curve traced by the coil's centerline. Consequently, when a strip-shaped coil (winding) is spirally wrapped around the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder in close contact, as shown in Figure 7, the coil is wrapped in an unnatural position, and a deformable force acting in the in-plane direction of the coil (in the in-plane direction on a plane perpendicular to the coil's thickness direction) inevitably occurs. Figure 8 is a third diagram illustrating the coil's support state.

[0049] Figure 8 shows the vectors in a typical spiral curve r(t). If e1(t) is the tangent vector to curve r(t), e2(t) is the principal normal vector to curve r(t), and e3(t) is the binormal vector to curve r(t), then each function can be expressed by the following formulas.

number

[0050] When a strip-shaped coil is wound spirally around the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder, in order to minimize the deformation force acting on the coil in the plane, the thickness direction of the coil should coincide with the curvature center direction of the curve traced by the coil's centerline. In other words, to wind the coil in a natural position, the winding surface of the coil that supports the coil from the torus side should be perpendicular to the principal normal vector e2(t) of the curve r(t). If the winding surface of the coil is perpendicular to the principal normal vector e2(t) of the curve r(t), the difference between the expansion and contraction rate that occurs in the longitudinal direction of the coil at the left end in the width direction of the strip-shaped coil and the expansion and contraction rate that occurs in the longitudinal direction of the coil at the right end in the width direction of the coil will be almost eliminated, making it possible to minimize the deformation force acting on the coil in the plane. Figure 9 is the fourth figure for explaining the support state of the coil.

[0051] Figure 9 illustrates the shape when a coil is wound in a spiral shape along the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder, with the thickness direction of the coil aligned with the curvature center direction of the curve traced by the coil's centerline. The curve r(t), the tangent vector e1(t) of the spiral formed along the outer surface of the cylinder that forms a perfect circle torus when viewed from directly above (Z direction in Figure 1), and the principal normal vector e2(t) of the curve r(t) can be expressed by the following formula, for example, when the toroidal pitch is 2 (l=2), the number of coil poles is 10 (m=10), and the pitch modulation is 0 (α=0).

number

[0052] Therefore, by forming the coil winding surface that supports the coil from the torus side so as to be perpendicular to the principal normal vector e2(t) shown in the above formula "Equation 5", the coil can be made natural This allows it to be wrapped around the outer surface of a torus-shaped cylinder.

[0053] Therefore, in this embodiment, as indicated by the arrows in Figures 4 and 5, the bottom surface 43T of the coil guide 43 is formed such that, at the center in the width direction of the bottom surface 43T of the winding frame, it is perpendicular to the principal normal vector e2(t) of the helical curve r(t) formed by the winding frame 43W. By winding the coil conductor 41 along the bottom surface 43T of the coil guide 43 formed in this way, the coil 42 is supported by the bottom surface 43T of the winding frame in a position where the stacking direction of the laminate 11A of the coil conductor 41 is perpendicular to the bottom surface 43T of the winding frame. Thus, the deformation force acting in the in-plane direction on the tape-shaped superconducting wire 10 forming the laminate 11A is suppressed compared to the winding state shown in Figure 7.

[0054] Therefore, in the fusion apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, it is possible to properly wind the superconducting wire 10 of the spiral-shaped coil conductor 41 surrounding the torus space T. Although the fusion apparatus 1 is illustrated in this embodiment, this disclosure may also be understood as a superconducting magnet 4 alone, a plasma apparatus using the superconducting magnet 4, or a coil guide 43 for the superconducting magnet 4.

[0055] Furthermore, although this embodiment illustrates a coil conductor 41 formed by a laminate 11A of stacked superconducting tape wires 11, the disclosure is not limited to this form. The winding frame 43W of the coil guide 43 may house a coil formed by wires with a non-laminated structure.

[0056] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a double helix structure formed by two superconducting magnets 4A and 4B is illustrated as shown in Figure 2, but the disclosure is not limited to this form. The fusion device 1 may, for example, be equipped with one superconducting magnet 4, or it may be equipped with three or more superconducting magnets 4.

[0057] Furthermore, in this embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 4, the coil guide 43 is shown to form a single coil. However, the coil guide 43 may have multiple stages of winding frames 43W, and one superconducting magnet 4 may form multiple coils.

[0058] For example, the coil guide 43 may have two stages of winding frames 43W, and the coil 42 housed in the winding frame 43W closer to the torus space T may be used as the main helical coil, and the coil 42 housed in the winding frame 43W further from the torus space T may be used as the sub-helical coil. In this case, the main helical coil closer to the torus space T can play the role of generating a magnetic field for confining the fusion plasma FP in the torus space T. The sub-helical coil, which is spaced apart from the main helical coil and positioned along it, can perform an auxiliary function for expanding the blanket space. With a superconducting magnet 4 having both a main helical coil and a sub-helical coil, it becomes possible to confine the fusion plasma FP in the torus space T with the main helical coil while expanding the blanket space with the sub-helical coil, or to perform a rescue operation by controlling the operating current with the sub-helical coil to prevent quenching of the main helical coil.

[0059] In the nuclear fusion apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, when multiple coils are provided, such as the main helical coil and sub-helical coil described above, these coils are connected to a predetermined power source (not shown), causing a current to flow through each coil in a predetermined direction. These multiple coils are arranged inside a cryostat 7, and by placing the inside of the cryostat 7 at an extremely low temperature (e.g., 4K, 20K), superconductivity becomes possible, allowing current up to the critical current to flow. The predetermined power source is a power source that supplies appropriate power to the coils. This refers to a power source unit, and examples include power converters, transformers, and various other power supply equipment that convert the electricity supplied from the on-site power supply system installed within the building of the fusion device 1. The on-site power supply system that supplies power to this power source unit is connected to an external power supply system and the on-site main generator, etc. When the fusion device 1 is generating power, the electricity generated by the on-site main generator is supplied to various on-site electrical equipment such as power supply units for coils such as the main helical coil, and when the fusion device 1 is not generating power, electricity supplied from the external power supply system is supplied to the various on-site electrical equipment.

[0060] The various coils of the fusion device 1, such as the main helical coil, sub-helical coil, and vertical field coil, can be connected to a single power supply unit. This configuration reduces the number of components compared to having multiple power supply units for each coil, resulting in a more compact fusion device 1. In this case, for example, the circuit can be configured to return to the power supply unit after passing through various coils such as the main helical coil, sub-helical coil, upper outer coil, lower outer coil, upper inner coil, and lower inner coil.

[0061] Furthermore, the fusion device 1 can also be equipped with multiple power supply units. For example, if there are two power supply units, the first power supply unit is connected to the main helical coil and the circuit is configured so that the power returns to the first power supply unit via the sub-helical coil, some of the superconducting wires (coils) that make up the upper outer coil, some of the superconducting wires (coils) that make up the lower outer coil, the upper inner coil, and the lower inner coil. The second power supply unit can be configured as a second circuit so that the power returns to the second power supply unit via the remaining superconducting wires (coils) that make up the upper outer coil and the remaining superconducting wires (coils) that make up the lower outer coil. By configuring it in this way, the controllability of the magnetic axis of the magnetic field generated in the fusion device 1 is improved. Also, in this case, the capacity of the second power supply unit can be made less than the capacity of the first power supply unit to stably control the magnetic field. By configuring it in this way, a fusion device 1 that consumes little power to generate a stable magnetic field can be realized. For example, the capacity of the first power supply unit is 150kA and the capacity of the second power supply unit is 25kA.

[0062] Furthermore, the main helical coil, sub-helical coil, upper outer coil, lower outer coil, upper inner coil, and lower inner coil can each be connected to separate power supply units. This configuration improves the controllability of the magnetic axis of the magnetic field generated within the fusion device 1.

[0063] Furthermore, the above embodiments and modifications can be appropriately modified without altering the gist of this disclosure. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0064] FP (Fusion Plasma) DP-Diverta Plasma T·· Torus space 1...Nuclear fusion device 2...Vacuum container 3. Blanket 4. Superconducting Magnets 4A ··Superconducting Magnet 4B Superconducting Magnet 41. Coil Conductor 42 coils 43. Coil Guide 43W ·· Winding frame 43T ··Bottom of winding frame 5. Diverter 6...liquid metal 7. Cryostat 10. Superconducting wire 11. Superconducting Tape Wire 11A ··Laminate 12. Metal strip 13...Cooling pipe 14. Spacer 20 blocks 21·Holding space 22. Roof section 23...Bottom 24. Side wall section 30 wires

Claims

1. A superconducting magnet with a spiral shape surrounding a torus space, A coil formed by superconducting wire, The coil includes a coil guide that forms a winding frame along the aforementioned spiral curve, The coil guide has a toroidal support surface on the inner surface of the winding frame that supports the coil from the toroidal space side, and the toroidal support surface is perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve. Superconducting magnet.

2. The torus space-side support surface is perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve at the center in the width direction of the winding frame. The superconducting magnet according to claim 1.

3. The coil has a laminate formed by stacking tape-shaped superconducting wires, and is supported on the torus space-side support surface in a position where the tape surface of the superconducting wire is parallel to the torus space-side support surface. The superconducting magnet according to claim 1.

4. The coil guide has a plurality of winding frames, each housing a plurality of coils, and at least one of the plurality of winding frames has a torus space-side support surface perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve. The superconducting magnet according to claim 1.

5. A superconducting magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, Plasma device.

6. A superconducting magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, Nuclear fusion device.

7. A coil guide for a spiral-shaped superconducting magnet surrounding a torus space, A winding frame along the aforementioned spiral curve, The winding frame has a torus space side support surface formed on its inner surface, which supports the coil formed of superconducting wire from the torus space side, The torus space-side support surface is perpendicular to the principal normal vector of the curve, Coil guide for superconducting magnets.

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