electronic machines

Abstract

To provide highly convenient electronic devices, etc. To reduce the power consumption of electronic devices, etc. To provide electronic devices that achieve high visibility regardless of the method. Smooth video display and easy on the eyes. To provide electronic devices, etc., that can both display still images and photographs. [Solution] The electronic device has a first display unit, a second display unit, and a control unit. The unit displays the first image, the second image, and the first and second display units respectively. It has the function of simultaneously displaying two or more of the third image. The first image is by reflected light The first image is an image displayed by light emission, and the third image is an image displayed by light emission. This is an image displayed using light that is a mixture of reflected and emitted light.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to electronic equipment. One aspect of the present invention relates to an image display method and an image This invention relates to a program for display methods. One aspect of the present invention relates to a display system.

[0002] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned technical field. One aspect of the technical field is semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, energy storage devices, and memory devices. Electronic equipment, lighting equipment, input devices, input / output devices, methods for driving them, or methods for manufacturing them. Law can be cited as one example. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, there has been increasing diversification of electronic devices equipped with display devices. For example, mobile phones, smartphones These include electronic devices such as smartphones, tablet devices, and wearable devices.

[0004] Another example of such electronic devices is the e-reader. E-readers are tablet-type devices. Unlike the lowest class, it is an electronic device that is primarily specialized in the function of displaying text information. For example, a tablet. While e-books are equipped with LCD panels that allow for smooth video display, Some user terminals are equipped with electronic paper or similar devices that can display still images with low power consumption.

[0005] For example, Patent Document 1 describes an actuarial that uses a transistor as a switching element for pixels. A web matrix type electronic paper and a binder type electronic book using the same have been proposed. Yes, they are. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-169190 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] One aspect of the present invention aims to provide highly convenient electronic devices, etc. One of the challenges is to reduce the power consumption of electronic devices, etc. Alternatively, high visibility regardless of ambient light. One of the objectives is to provide electronic devices, etc., that achieve recognition. Alternatively, smooth video To provide electronic devices that can display both a visual display and an eye-friendly still image. One of the objectives is to provide novel electronic devices, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] One aspect of the present invention relates to an electronic device having a first display unit, a second display unit, and a control unit. Yes. The control unit displays the first image and the second image to the first display unit and the second display unit, respectively. It has the function of simultaneously displaying two or more of the first and third images. The first image is reverse The first image is displayed using projected light, the second image is displayed using emitted light, and the third image is displayed using projected light. The image shown is displayed using light that is a mixture of reflected and emitted light.

[0009] Another aspect of the present invention is a first housing having a first display unit and a second housing having a second display unit. The electronic device comprises a second housing and a control unit. The first housing and the second housing are, A form in which the first display unit and the second display unit are folded so that they overlap each other, and the first display unit The control unit is connected in a form that can be transformed into an open form in which the second display unit is exposed. The first display unit and the second display unit each display a first image, a second image, and a third image, respectively. It has the function of displaying two or more images simultaneously. The first image is displayed by reflected light. The first image is an image displayed by emitted light, and the second image is an image displayed by reflected light. This is an image displayed using light that is a mixture of light and emitted light.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above, it is preferable that the first housing and the second housing are detachably connected. It's nice.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above, the second display unit has the function of a touch sensor, and the control unit is the Display unit 1 displays document information, and the second display unit detects user input via a touch sensor. It is preferable that the system has a function to display the input information when it is issued.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above, the second display unit has the function of a touch sensor, and the control unit is If no input is detected, the second display unit will display either the second or third image. When user input is detected, the first image is displayed at the detection position of the second display unit. preferable.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above, the second display unit has the function of a touch sensor, and the control unit is If no input is detected, the second display unit will display multiple object information as a second image. Alternatively, it is displayed as a third image, and when user input is detected, the object located at the detection position is displayed. It is preferable to display the object information as the first image.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above, within the first display unit or the second display unit, the user is looking at it. A viewpoint detection unit detects a first region and outputs the position information of the first region to the control unit. It is preferable to have it. Also, at this time, the control unit, based on the position information, in the first area Display the second or third image, and display the first image in the second region other than the first region. It is preferable to show it.

[0015] Furthermore, the above-mentioned imaging unit has the function of capturing images and outputs the captured first image information. It is preferable that it has the first image information and the virtual object information. It is preferable that the control unit has a function to generate the second image information that has been created. Based on the image information from 2, the first display unit or the second display unit displays virtual object information. Display the area as the second or third image, and the remaining area as the first image. It is preferable.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention involves displaying on two separate display units using reflected light. The first image is displayed by the emitted light, and the second image is displayed by the emitted light, and the light is a mixture of reflected light and emitted light. An image display method that includes simultaneously displaying two or more of the third images to be displayed. be.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention involves a computer that has two display units, each individually configured to... A first image displayed by projected light, a second image displayed by emitted light, and reflected light and emitted light A control unit that simultaneously displays two or more of the third images displayed by light containing a mixture of and It is a program designed to make it function.

[0018] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention comprises a first display device, a second display device, and a control device. This is a display system. The first and second display devices display by reflected light. The control device comprises a first display element and a second display element that displays information using emitted light. The first display device and the second display device are individually configured using only the first display element. A first image to be displayed, a second image displayed using only the second display element, and the first display element To display two or more of the third images, which are displayed by both the child and the second display element, simultaneously. It has the function of [doing something]. [Effects of the Invention]

[0019] According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide highly convenient electronic devices, etc. Or, electronic devices, etc. This can reduce power consumption. Alternatively, it can enable high visibility regardless of ambient light. We can provide equipment, etc. Alternatively, we can provide both smooth video display and eye-friendly still image display. We can provide electronic devices, etc., that can perform the task. Or, we can provide novel electronic devices, etc. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0020] [Figure 1] Example of an electronic device configuration. [Figure 2] Example of an electronic device configuration. [Figure 3] Example of an electronic device configuration. [Figure 4] Example of an electronic device configuration. [Figure 5] A diagram illustrating an example of an image display method. [Figure 6] A diagram illustrating an example of an image display method. [Figure 7] A diagram illustrating an example of an image display method. [Figure 8] A diagram illustrating an example of an image display method. [Figure 9] Example of an electronic device configuration. [Figure 10] A diagram illustrating an example of an image display method. [Figure 11] A block diagram illustrating the display system. [Figure 12] A diagram illustrating the idle stop system. [Figure 13] A diagram illustrating a specific example of the display. [Figure 14] A diagram illustrating a specific example of the display. [Figure 15] A diagram illustrating the circuitry of a display device and a top view of a pixel. [Figure 16] A diagram illustrating the circuitry of a display device. [Figure 17] A diagram illustrating the circuitry of a display device and a top view of a pixel. [Figure 18] A diagram illustrating the configuration of a display device. [Figure 19] A diagram illustrating the configuration of a display device. [Figure 20] A diagram illustrating the configuration of a display device. [Figure 21] A diagram illustrating the configuration of a display device. [Figure 22] A diagram illustrating the configuration of the input / output panel according to the embodiment. [Figure 23] A diagram illustrating the configuration of the input / output panel according to the embodiment. [Figure 24] Example configuration of a display module. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0021] Embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, its form and details may be modified in various ways. Those skilled in the art will readily understand what is possible. Therefore, the present invention is as shown in the following embodiments. It should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described herein.

[0022] In the configuration of the invention described below, the same part or part having a similar function is The same reference numerals are used consistently across different drawings, and explanations of their repetition are omitted. When referring to the function of [this], the hatch pattern is the same, and sometimes no specific symbol is assigned.

[0023] In each figure described herein, the size, layer thickness, or area of ​​each component is as follows: It may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, it is not necessarily limited to that scale. stomach.

[0024] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as "the first," "the second," etc., are used to avoid confusion of constituent elements. This is added for the purpose of providing a numerical limit, and is not intended to limit the number of items.

[0025] (Embodiment 1) An electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention, illustrated below, comprises two display units and a connection to the two display units. It comprises a control unit that controls the display of an image.

[0026] Furthermore, the inventions disclosed below include an image display method and a method for controlling the display of an image using a computer. It comprises a program for doing so, a display device capable of displaying images, and a control device for controlling it. This includes display systems, etc.

[0027] An electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a first housing having a first display unit and a second display unit. It has a second housing. The control unit is located within either the first or second housing. The control unit may be located outside the first or second housing.

[0028] Preferably, the first housing and the second housing are connected in a deformable manner. The enclosure is designed so that the first display unit and the second display unit are folded so that they face each other and overlap. It can be reversibly transformed between a state in which the first display section and the second display section are exposed, and a state in which they are opened. It is preferable that the first display unit and the second display unit are connected to the back The two casings are connected in a way that allows them to be transformed into a folded form, so that they are positioned in the middle. It is preferable to do so.

[0029] With this configuration, when the first and second enclosures are folded, portability is It excels in this regard, and when opened, the wide display area provided by the two display sections offers excellent overview.

[0030] Display devices (including display panels and display modules) that constitute the first and second display units. It is preferable that at least one of the components functions as a touch sensor. This allows for intuitive user input using touch controls or a stylus. .

[0031] The first and second display units are display devices that contain a mixture of reflective elements and light-emitting elements. It is preferable to apply the following: Displaying the image using only reflective elements, and light-emitting elements. Displaying an image using only one element, and displaying an image using both a reflective element and a light-emitting element. It is more preferable to apply a display device that is capable of doing so.

[0032] This allows for low-power display using reflective elements when ambient light is bright. This allows for bright illumination, while in dim ambient light conditions, the light-emitting elements enable vivid display. By simultaneously displaying information using a reflective element and a light-emitting element, power consumption is reduced, and It can display vivid images.

[0033] At this time, within the display area of ​​the first display unit or the second display unit, two or more of the above types are displayed. It is preferable to have a configuration that allows images to be displayed simultaneously. For example, a first display unit or a second Within the display area of ​​the display unit, there is a first image displayed using only reflective elements, and a light-emitting element only The second image displayed by and the third image displayed by both the reflective element and the light-emitting element It is preferable to use a display device that can simultaneously display two or more of the images.

[0034] As a result, for example, the control unit can draw a drawing in the display area of ​​the first display unit or the second display unit. When displaying an image, parts that should not be emphasized, such as background information, or parts that the user is focusing on, may be affected. In areas that are not visible to the user, such as the missing parts, the first image is displayed using only reflective elements. This can reduce power consumption. Furthermore, it is important to highlight certain parts or the user A second or third image using light-emitting elements is displayed in areas that the user is focusing on. This allows for increased contrast in that area, thereby improving visibility. ru.

[0035] In other words, one aspect of the present invention is a display using only reflected light, a display using only emitted light, and Alternatively, a display using both reflected light and emitted light is displayed in the display area of ​​the first or second display unit. They can be used interchangeably within the same context.

[0036] [Example Configuration] In the following, a more specific example of an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. do.

[0037] Figure 1(A) shows a perspective view of the electronic device 10. The electronic device 10 consists of a housing 111, housing 11 2. It has a hinge 113. The housing 111 has a display unit 121, and the housing 112 has a display unit 1 It has 22.

[0038] Housing 111 and housing 112 are connected by a hinge 113. 12 can rotate relative to the hinge 113.

[0039] Furthermore, as will be described later, it is preferable that the housing 111 and housing 112 are detachable. .

[0040] Figure 1(A) shows the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 in an open configuration. Furthermore, Figure 1(B) shows the housing such that the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 face each other and overlap each other. Figure 1(C) shows the folded form of 111 and the housing 112. Also, Figure 1(C) shows the display unit 1 The housings 111 and 112 are folded so that 21 and the display unit 122 are back to back. It shows the folded form. Electronic device 10 changes from the form shown in Figure 1(B) to Figure 1(A). It can be reversibly transformed from the form shown in Figure 1(C) to the form shown in Figure 1(C).

[0041] Display unit 121 and display unit 122 each have a reflective display element and a light-emitting element. A display device (or display panel, display module) can be applied.

[0042] [Block Diagram 1] Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the electronic device 10. The electronic device 10 consists of a control unit 11 and a drive unit 13 It has a drive unit 14, a display unit 121, and a display unit 122. The control unit 11 has a calculation unit 12. ru.

[0043] Display unit 121 and display unit 122 each have multiple pixel units arranged in a matrix. It has a pixel unit 20. The pixel unit 20 has a first pixel 21 and a second pixel 22.

[0044] In Figure 2, the first pixel 21 and the second pixel 22 are red (R) and green (G), respectively. This shows an example of a display element that corresponds to three colors, including blue (B).

[0045] The first pixel 21 is a display element 21R corresponding to red (R), and a display element corresponding to green (G). It has element 21G and display element 21B corresponding to blue (B). Display elements 21R, 21G, Each of the 21B elements is a display element that utilizes the reflection of ambient light.

[0046] The second pixel 22 is a display element 22R corresponding to red (R), and a display element corresponding to green (G). It has element 22G and display element 22B corresponding to blue (B). Display elements 22R, 22G, Each of the 22B elements is a display element that utilizes light from a light source.

[0047] The drive unit 13 and the drive unit 14 each control multiple images within the display unit 121 or the display unit 122. It has a circuit that drives the element unit 20. Specifically, the pixel unit 20 has a first A signal including a grayscale value, a scanning signal, a power supply potential, etc., is supplied to pixel 21 and the second pixel 22. The drive unit 13 and drive unit 14 include, for example, a signal line drive circuit and a scan line drive circuit. .

[0048] The control unit 11 receives a video signal S0 containing image information from an external source. The control unit 11 then... Four grayscale values, including the grayscale values ​​supplied to each pixel unit 20 in the display unit 121 or the display unit 122. The following signals (signal S1, signal S2, signal S3, and signal S4) are generated, and the drive unit 13 and drive The output is sent to unit 14. In addition, the control unit 11 also receives signals S1, S2, S3, and S4. The drive unit 13 generates timing signals such as a clock signal and a start pulse signal. Output is sent to the drive unit 14.

[0049] Signal S1 and signal S3 are each given to the first pixel 21 of the pixel unit 20. This is a signal that includes regulating values. Here, signals S1 and S3 are sent to one pixel unit 20. Therefore, it includes information on the three grayscale values ​​assigned to each of the display elements 21R, 21G, and 21B. nothing.

[0050] Furthermore, signals S2 and S4 are applied to the second pixel 22 of the pixel unit 20, respectively. This is a signal containing the grayscale values. Here, signals S2 and S4 are one pixel unit For each of the 20, the information of the three grayscale values ​​given to each of the display elements 22R, 22G, and 22B Includes information.

[0051] Signals S1, S2, S3, and S4 are each transmitted via one signal line. It may be a serial signal, or a parallel signal transmitted via multiple signal lines. stomach.

[0052] As shown in Figure 2, the control unit 11 sends signals to the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 individually. It has the function of supplying. Therefore, the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are individually It can be controlled. For example, an image can be displayed on either display unit 121 or display unit 122. You can also stop the "please understand" function.

[0053] Furthermore, the control unit 11 individually controls the first pixel 21 and the second pixel 22 within the pixel unit 20. To drive the signal S1 and signal S2 or signal S3 and signal S4, the display unit 121 and It can be supplied to the display unit 122. Therefore, within the display unit 121 and the display unit 122, A portion displayed using only the first pixel 21, a portion displayed using only the second pixel 22, A portion to be displayed using both the first pixel 21 and the second pixel 22, and a portion that is not displayed. The display unit 121 and the display unit 122 can display two or more of the minutes together. can.

[0054] Here, the arithmetic unit 12 is, for example, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). Microprocessors such as nit can be used. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and FPA PL such as A (Field Programmable Analog Array) This configuration was realized using D (Programmable Logic Device). That's fine.

[0055] At this time, the video signal S0 is transmitted to a central processing unit (CPU) located separately from the electronic device 10. The Central Processing Unit (CPM) and other components generate the data, and the control unit 11 The supplied configuration may also be used. Alternatively, the arithmetic unit 12 may also function as the CPU, and the arithmetic unit 12 may also function as the video signal It may have a function to generate code S0.

[0056] Furthermore, the video signal S0 input from an external source is pre-corrected, such as by gamma correction. The signal may also be a digitized signal. Furthermore, the arithmetic unit 12 may have a function to perform the correction. The calculation unit 12 calculates signals S1, S2, and signal S0 based on the corrected signal of the video signal S0. Signal S3 and signal S4 may be generated, and the generated signals S1, S2, S3, Correction may be applied to each of the signals S4.

[0057] The arithmetic unit 12 interprets and executes instructions from various programs using the processor. It performs various data processing and program control. The programs that can be executed by the processor are It may be stored in the memory area owned by the processor, or it may be stored in a separate memory location. It's fine if it is done.

[0058] The arithmetic unit 12 may have main memory. The main memory is RAM (Random). volatile memory such as m Access Memory, and ROM (Read-Only Memory). The configuration can include non-volatile memory such as (y Memory).

[0059] For example, RAM can be DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). (emo) is used, and a virtual memory space is allocated as the workspace for the arithmetic unit 12. It is used. An operating system stored in an externally located storage device, app Application programs, program modules, program data, etc., are for execution. These data and programs loaded into RAM are then loaded into RAM. The module is directly accessed and operated by the arithmetic unit 12.

[0060] The control unit 11 is mounted on a circuit board such as a printed circuit board, and the drive unit 13 and drive unit 14 are mounted on it The display unit 121 or the display unit 122 can be provided on the substrate on which they are formed. At this time, the circuit board and the drive unit 13 or drive unit 14 are connected via FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit). It is sufficient if the connection is made via a Printed Circuit or similar. Also, at this time, The drive unit 13 and the drive unit 14 are each based on a base on which a display unit 121 or a display unit 122 is formed. The board is formed using the same process as the transistors and other components that constitute the display unit 121 or the display unit 122. It may be done, or part or all of the drive unit 13 and drive unit 14 may be an IC (Integr It may be mounted on the board as an ated Circuit. Alternatively, control unit 1 1 and one or more ICs that function as drive unit 13 or drive unit 14 are placed on the substrate. It may be implemented as follows: Alternatively, the control unit 11 and the drive unit 13 or drive unit 14 may be the display unit 121 Alternatively, the display unit 121 or the display unit 122 is formed on a substrate on which the display unit 122 is formed. It may be formed in the same process as the lunger, etc.

[0061] [Example of a display device configuration] The following describes the display devices that can be used in the above-mentioned display units 121 and 122. explain.

[0062] A display device according to one aspect of the present invention has a pixel provided with a first display element that reflects visible light. It is possible to have a pixel that is provided with a second display element that emits visible light. This is possible. Alternatively, it is possible to have a pixel that is provided with a third display element that transmits visible light. It is possible. Alternatively, a first display element and a second display element or a third display element may be provided. It can have pixels.

[0063] In this embodiment, there is a first display element that reflects visible light and a second display element that emits visible light. A display device having a child will be described.

[0064] The display device uses a first light reflected by a first display element and a second light emitted by a second display element. It has the function of displaying images using either one or both of the following methods. The device measures the amount of light from the first light reflected by the first display element and the amount of light from the second light emitted by the second display element. It has the function of expressing gradations by controlling the light intensity of and respectively.

[0065] Furthermore, the display device expresses gradation by controlling the amount of light reflected from the first display element. Tone gradation is expressed by controlling the amount of light emitted from the first pixel and the second display element. It is preferable to have a configuration that includes a second pixel. The first pixel and the second pixel are, for example, Multiple units are arranged in a matrix to form the display unit.

[0066] Furthermore, the first and second pixels are arranged within the display area in equal numbers and with the same pitch. This is preferable. At this time, adjacent first pixels and second pixels are combined to form a pixel unit. This can be called [a specific term]. As a result, an image displayed using only multiple first pixels can be [another specific term]. The image, and an image displayed with only a plurality of second pixels, and a plurality of first pixels and a plurality Each of the images displayed on both of the second pixels can be displayed in the same display area. .

[0067] The first display element of the first pixel may use an element that reflects ambient light for display. Yes, it is possible. Because such elements do not have a light source, they can consume extremely little power during display. This becomes possible.

[0068] Typically, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used as the first display element. Alternatively, the second As a display element, a shutter-type MEMS (Micro Electro Mec Hanical Systems) In addition to elements and optical interference MEMS elements, microcapsules Cell method, electrophoresis method, electrowetting method, electronic powder fluid (registered trademark) method Elements to which the following are applied can be used.

[0069] The second display element of the second pixel has a light source and displays using the light from that light source. An element can be used that emits light from a light-emitting material by applying an electric field. It is preferable to use an electroluminescent element that can be extracted. Because the brightness and chromaticity of this light are not affected by ambient light, it has high color reproduction (wide color gamut). Furthermore, it can display images with high contrast, that is, vivid images.

[0070] The second display element could be, for example, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting) element. g Diode), LED(Light Emitting Diode), QLED( Quantum-dot light-emitting diode), semiconductor laser Self-illuminating light-emitting elements such as the above can be used. Alternatively, the display element of the second pixel For example, the backlight is the light source, and the amount of light transmitted from the backlight is controlled by the light source. A combination with a modified liquid crystal element may also be used. An LED can be used as the backlight. Using an edge-lit backlight as the light source makes it easier to make the display device thinner. It is preferable.

[0071] The first pixel may be a subpixel exhibiting, for example, white (W), or, for example, red (R), green (G) It can be configured to have subpixels that emit three colors of light: blue (A), blue (B), and blue (B). Similarly, the second pixel may be a subpixel exhibiting white (W), for example, or red (R), It is possible to have a configuration that includes subpixels that emit green (G) and blue (B) light, respectively. It is possible. Furthermore, the subpixels that the first pixel and the second pixel each have are four or more colors. This is also good. The more types of subpixels there are, the lower the power consumption can be, and the higher the color reproduction can be. It is possible to do so.

[0072] One aspect of the present invention is a first mode in which an image is displayed in a first pixel, and a second mode in which an image is displayed in a second pixel. A second mode is shown, and a third mode is shown which displays the image using the first and second pixels. It can be switched.

[0073] Furthermore, in the following, the image displayed in the first mode is referred to as the first image, and the image displayed in the second mode is referred to as the second image. The displayed image is called the second image, and the image displayed in the third mode is called the third image. There is a match.

[0074] The first mode is a mode in which an image is displayed using reflected light from the first display element. The first mode does not require a light source, making it an extremely low-power driving mode. For example, This method is effective when the ambient light intensity is sufficiently high and the ambient light is white light or near white light. The first mode is a display mode suitable for displaying text information such as books and documents. Furthermore, because it uses reflected light, it can provide a display that is easy on the eyes and reduces eye strain. It produces that effect.

[0075] The second mode is a mode in which an image is displayed using light emitted by a second display element. Therefore, regardless of the illuminance and chromaticity of the ambient light, it is extremely vivid (high contrast and color). It can display (highly reproducible) images. For example, at night or in a dark room, when the ambient light level is extremely low. This is particularly effective when the screen is small. Also, if the ambient light is dim, a bright display can cause glare for the user. This can sometimes feel unpleasant. To prevent this, the second mode uses a display with reduced brightness. It is preferable to do so. In addition to reducing glare, this also reduces power consumption. It is possible. The second mode is suitable for displaying vivid images and smooth videos, etc. This is the mode.

[0076] In the third mode, both reflected light from the first display element and light emitted from the second display element are used. This is a mode that uses the light emitted by the first pixel and the first pixel By mixing the light emitted by the first and second adjacent pixels, a single color is represented. It moves. The third mode provides a brighter display than the first mode, while also being more dynamic than the second mode. This also helps to reduce power consumption. For example, under indoor lighting, or during the morning and evening hours, outdoors This is effective when the light intensity is relatively low or when the ambient light is not white. By using light that mixes reflected and emitted light, it creates an effect that makes you feel as if you are looking at a painting. It becomes possible to display images.

[0077] Next, the pixel unit 20 will be explained using the figures in Figure 3. Figures 3(A)~(C) This is a schematic diagram showing an example configuration of the pixel unit 20.

[0078] The first pixel 21 has display element 21R, display element 21G, and display element 21B. Element 21R reflects ambient light and is the red color included in the first grayscale value input to the first pixel 21. A red light R1 with a brightness corresponding to the corresponding grayscale value is emitted towards the display surface. Display element 21G Similarly, the display element 21B emits either green light G1 or blue light B1 towards the display surface. To release.

[0079] The second pixel 22 has display element 22R, display element 22G, and display element 22B. Element 22R has a light source and is input to the second pixel 22, which contains the red color included in the second grayscale value. A red light R2 with a brightness corresponding to the corresponding grayscale value is emitted towards the display surface. Display element 22G, Similarly, the display element 22B emits either green light G2 or blue light B2 towards the display surface. do.

[0080] [Third Mode] Figure 3(A) shows the display elements 21R, 21G, and 21B that reflect ambient light, The light-emitting display elements 22R, 22G, and 22B are all driven to display an image. An example of the operating mode is shown. As shown in Figure 3(A), the pixel unit 20 is reverse There are six types of light: the projective light R1, G1, and B1, and the emitted light R2, G2, and B2. By mixing the light, a predetermined color of light 25 can be emitted towards the display surface.

[0081] [First Mode] Figure 3(B) shows the display elements 21R, 21G, and 21B that reflect ambient light. This shows an example of an operating mode that displays an image by moving it. As shown in Figure 3(B), pixel units For example, when the ambient light intensity is sufficiently high, the second pixel 22 is not driven. By mixing only the light from the first pixel 21 (light R1, light G1, and light B1), Furthermore, it is possible to emit light 25 of a predetermined color towards the display surface. This results in extremely low power consumption. It can perform powerful driving.

[0082] [Second Mode] Figure 3(C) shows the display of an image by driving display elements 22R, 22G, and 22B. An example of the operating mode is shown. As shown in Figure 3(C), the pixel unit 20 is an example For example, when the ambient light intensity is extremely low, the first pixel 21 is not driven, and the second pixel By mixing only the light from element 22 (light R2, light G2, and light B2), a predetermined color is obtained. It is also possible to emit light 25 towards the display surface. This allows for a vivid display. Furthermore, by lowering the brightness when the ambient light level is low, the glare perceived by the user is reduced. This also reduces power consumption.

[0083] Furthermore, the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode described above are controlled by the display unit 121 and the display unit Within the 122 display area, partial execution is possible. That is, the display area Different parts of the system can be displayed using different display modes.

[0084] The above is a description of an example configuration of the pixel unit 20.

[0085] [Block Diagram 2] Figure 4 shows an example configuration that differs in some aspects from Figure 2. The electronic device 10 shown in Figure 4 It has a viewpoint detection unit 31. Also, the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 each have touch sensors A sensor 35 is provided. Therefore, the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are touch panels. It can also be called a touch panel module.

[0086] In Figure 4, the drive unit 13 and the drive unit 14 each have the function of driving the touch sensor 35. The control unit receives signal T1 or signal T2, which includes position information acquired by the touch sensor 35. It has the function to output to 11.

[0087] Examples of touch sensors 35 include capacitive type, resistive type, surface acoustic wave type, and red Touch sensors such as external-wire type, electromagnetic induction type, optical type, and pressure-sensitive type can be used. For example, touch operations, tap operations, etc. performed on the display unit 121 and the display unit 122. Gestures such as wipe and pinch gestures are used as input operations (also called user input). It can be detected.

[0088] The viewpoint detection unit 31 has the function of detecting the user's viewpoint and outputting its position information to the control unit 11. It has.

[0089] The viewpoint detection unit 31 includes, for example, an imaging device that captures the user's eyes, and the image information obtained from the imaging device. A calculation device calculates the positional information of the user's gaze from the information and outputs it to the control unit 11. A configuration having the above can be made. For example, a fixed-focus or variable-focus optical system A device (such as a lens) or an image that can detect visible light, infrared light, or ultraviolet light in two dimensions. The configuration can include a sensor, etc.

[0090] The viewpoint detection unit 31 detects if the user's eyes are included in the captured image. To calculate the direction and position of the pupil, and the distance from the viewpoint detection unit 31 to the user's eyes. This allows us to calculate the location information of the user's gaze.

[0091] It is preferable that the imaging devices included in the viewpoint detection unit 31 be provided at intervals of two or more units. Two imaging devices capture images of the user's right or left eye, thereby improving the user's vision. The positional information of the point can be calculated more accurately. Also, the viewpoint detection unit 31 and the user's eye ( Even if it has sensors such as infrared sensors that are specialized in measuring the distance to (or face), good.

[0092] [Example of image display method 1] The following describes an example of how to display an image on the electronic device 10.

[0093] Figure 5 shows a schematic top view of the electronic device 10 in an open state.

[0094] [Text mode] In Figure 5, document information 141a is displayed on display unit 121, and document information 14 1b indicates the state where text mode is displayed. For example, when viewing document information The application is executed, and the file containing document information is read and displayed. It could also be described as a "state" or "attitude."

[0095] Here, as an example of document information 141a and document information 141b, a text intended for educational materials is presented. This shows an example of displaying two specific facing pages in a document. Electronic device 10 can be used as a textbook.

[0096] Here, when the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook, in text mode, the display unit 121 Furthermore, the display unit 122 displays a still image for an extremely long period of time. Also, the user can view the display unit 12 The time spent looking at 1 and the display unit 122 will increase. Therefore, the time spent looking at the display unit 121 and the display unit 12 When displaying document information in 2, a display method using a reflective display element (first mode) is used. By applying this, it is possible to provide a display that is easy on the eyes with low power consumption. Furthermore, static By reducing the frequency of screen refreshes (also known as frame rate) when displaying an image, This allows for more effective reduction of power consumption.

[0097] Furthermore, in document information 141a and document information 141b, text information and drawing information are mixed. If so, the text information will be displayed in the first mode, and the drawing information in the second mode or By displaying in a third mode, drawing information can be displayed with greater emphasis. Furthermore, it is more effective when the drawing information includes video content. Only in the area where the image is displayed, the screen refresh rate (also called the frame rate) is reduced. Using dynamic power is preferable because it allows for a more effective reduction in power consumption.

[0098] [Note Mode] In Figure 6(A), the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are freely writable by the user. This shows the state (note mode). In Figure 6(A), display unit 121 and display unit 122 The grid lines are displayed, and you can draw freely using the stylus 131 or your finger. This is possible. In Figure 6(A), the user input image 142 is displayed on the display unit 121. It is showing.

[0099] For example, in note mode, touch sensors 3 provided on display units 121 and 122 When user input from a stylus 131 or finger is detected by step 5, the control unit 11 Based on the input information, a user input image 142 is generated and displayed on the display unit 121 or display unit 122. It can be made to happen.

[0100] In note mode, in addition to handwriting input, text input is possible using a software keyboard, etc. It is also possible to do this. Furthermore, there are drawing tools that can draw polygons, circles, lines, etc. It is also possible to perform drawing using the same method.

[0101] In note mode, for example, pre-defined lines are displayed in the first mode, and - By displaying the input image 142 in a second or third mode, power consumption is reduced. It is not only reducible, but it can also effectively highlight only the information written by the user.

[0102] [Dual Mode] In Figure 6(B), the display unit 121 displays document information 141a, and the display unit 122 displays notes. This indicates the state in which it is used (dual mode).

[0103] In dual mode, while displaying document information 141a on one of the display units 121, You can freely write to section 122. This allows you to study using a single electronic device 10. Because it can serve two functions—writing and note-taking—it can enhance learning effectiveness. ru.

[0104] [Writing Mode] Figure 6(C) shows document information 141 on the display unit 121, similar to the text mode shown in Figure 5. This shows the state where a is displayed on the display unit 122 and document information 141b is displayed on the display unit 122. The code is superimposed on document information 141a or document information 141b, and is written by the user. This mode allows you to display input image 146.

[0105] In addition, in writing mode, the text information of document information 141a or document information 141b is processed. You can also draw markers to highlight certain parts.

[0106] User input image 146 written by the user in write mode is in second mode Alternatively, it is preferable to display it in a third mode. This allows the user input image 146 to be displayed in text. Even when displayed overlaid with book information 141a or document information 141b, it will be further emphasized. This makes it possible to distinguish between them intuitively.

[0107] Note that the above text mode, note mode, dual mode, and write mode are available to you. The can be freely switched.

[0108] One example of a mode switching method is, for example, to the display unit 121 or the display unit 122. Then, by performing a horizontal swipe motion, page turning is performed, and the display unit 121 or By swiping vertically on the display unit 122, the display on each display unit can be changed to text mode. It can switch between write mode and note mode. It can also switch to write mode. Icons associated with actions such as selecting drawing tools are displayed on the display unit 121 or the display unit. It is displayed on a part of the display unit 122, and tapping this icon switches to writing mode. You can draw or select a drawing tool, etc.

[0109] [Submission Mode] Figure 7 shows the state in which the user-created user input image 142 is sent to the recipient (submission mode). This indicates, for example, in note mode or dual mode, related to the submission action. The icon will appear, and by tapping it, you can decide whether to submit or not, as shown in Figure 7. Window 145 will appear to confirm this.

[0110] The information from the user-input image 142 is digitized and transmitted wirelessly to schools, companies, and other institutions. It can be sent to a server owned by Seki. At this time, the data includes user input image 14 In addition to the data from 2, the electronic device 10 and unique ID information to identify the user, It is preferable that the data includes information such as time. Furthermore, the data should be transmitted encrypted. This is preferable.

[0111] This allows the user-created user input image 142 to be sent to applications such as email. It will be possible to submit more easily without launching the application. Also, user input image 14 The recipients of the second prize (schools, companies, and other institutions) also receive attached files individually via email, etc. One advantage is that it makes data management easier because there is no need to handle files.

[0112] The above is an explanation of Example 1 of the image display method.

[0113] [Example of image display method 2] The following describes examples of display methods that can further reduce power consumption.

[0114] Figure 8(A) displays document information 141a and document information 141b shown in Figure 5. This indicates the state. Here, the area 151 of the display unit 121 is the range that the user is looking at. or a region including its vicinity.

[0115] Furthermore, in Figure 8(B), the area 151 including the area the user is looking at is shown in the display unit 122 This shows an example of what happens when you move to the other side.

[0116] Both housing 111 and housing 112 are equipped with a camera 114 on the display side. The pair of cameras 114 function as part of the viewpoint detection unit 31 described above.

[0117] The area 151, which includes the range the user is looking at, is determined by the second or third mode. It is preferable to display the image. On the other hand, the part that the user is not paying attention to, i.e., the display The portion of section 121 other than area 151, and the display section 122, are displayed in the first mode. This is preferable. As a result, most of the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 can be displayed only by the reflective display element, so that the power consumption can be effectively reduced. When the video content is included in the range outside the region 151, it is preferable to display it as a still image rather than as a video. That is, it is preferable to display the entire range outside the region 151 as a still image. Further, at this time, by reducing the frame frequency in the range outside the region 151, the power consumption can be further effectively reduced.

[0118] Also, when the video content is included in the range outside the region 151, it is preferable to display it as a still image rather than as a video. That is, it is preferable to display the entire range outside the region 151 as a still image. Further, at this time, by reducing the frame frequency in the range outside the region 151, the power consumption can be further effectively reduced. Also, when the video content is included in the range outside the region 151, it is preferable to display it as a still image rather than as a video. That is, it is preferable to display the entire range outside the region 151 as a still image. Further, at this time, by reducing the frame frequency in the range outside the region 151, the power consumption can be further effectively reduced. Also, when the video content is included in the range outside the region 151, it is preferable to display it as a still image rather than as a video. That is, it is preferable to display the entire range outside the region 151 as a still image. Further, at this time, by reducing the frame frequency in the range outside the region 151, the power consumption can be further effectively reduced. Also, when the video content is included in the range outside the region 151, it is preferable to display it as a still image rather than as a video. That is, it is preferable to display the entire range outside the region 151 as a still image. Further, at this time, by reducing the frame frequency in the range outside the region 151, the power consumption can be further effectively reduced. Also, when the video content is included in the range outside the region 151, it is preferable to display it as a still image rather than as a video. That is, it is preferable to display the entire range outside the region 151 as a still image. Further, at this time, by reducing the frame frequency in the range outside the region 151, the power consumption can be further effectively reduced.

[0119] Also, at this time, as shown in FIG. 8(B), when the region 151 moves to the portion where the video content is displayed, that is, when the user views the video content, it is preferable that the portion switches from the still image display to the video display and the video content can be reproduced. Also, at this time, as shown in FIG. 8(B), when the region 151 moves to the portion where the video content is displayed, that is, when the user views the video content, it is preferable that the portion switches from the still image display to the video display and the video content can be reproduced. Also, at this time, as shown in FIG. 8(B), when the region 151 moves to the portion where the video content is displayed, that is, when the user views the video content, it is preferable that the portion switches from the still image display to the video display and the video content can be reproduced. At this time, the video content may be automatically reproduced when it overlaps with the region 151, or may be in a standby state where the video reproduction is started by an operation such as the user tapping that portion. At this time, the video content may be automatically reproduced when it overlaps with the region 151, or may be in a standby state where the video reproduction is started by an operation such as the user tapping that portion. At this time, the video content may be automatically reproduced when it overlaps with the region 151, or may be in a standby state where the video reproduction is started by an operation such as the user tapping that portion.

[0120] The above is the description of the image display method example 2.

[0121] [Regarding the housing] When the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook, it is preferable that the housing 111 and the housing 112 are lightweight. For example, each of the housing 111 and the housing 112 is 10 g or more and 1000 g or less, preferably 50 g or more and 800 g or less, more preferably 50 g or more and 500 g or less, and even more preferably 50 g or more and 250 g or less. The combined weight of the two housings is 5 When the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook, it is preferable that the housing 111 and the housing 112 are lightweight. For example, each of the housing 111 and the housing 112 is 10 g or more and 1000 g or less, preferably 50 g or more and 800 g or less, more preferably 50 g or more and 500 g or less, and even more preferably 50 g or more and 250 g or less. The combined weight of the two housings is 5 When the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook, it is preferable that the housing 111 and the housing 112 are lightweight. For example, each of the housing 111 and the housing 112 is 10 g or more and 1000 g or less, preferably 50 g or more and 800 g or less, more preferably 50 g or more and 500 g or less, and even more preferably 50 g or more and 250 g or less. The combined weight of the two housings is 5 When the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook, it is preferable that the housing 111 and the housing 112 are lightweight. For example, each of the housing 111 and the housing 112 is 10 g or more and 1000 g or less, preferably 50 g or more and 800 g or less, more preferably 50 g or more and 500 g or less, and even more preferably 50 g or more and 250 g or less. The combined weight of the two housings is 5 If it weighs less than 00g, it will be equivalent to or less than the weight of a textbook, especially for children on a daily basis. It is suitable as a device to carry around.

[0122] Furthermore, when the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook or similar, it is required that it be usable for several years. Therefore, the housing 111 and housing 112 are made of materials with high weather resistance and strength. Preferred. For example, alloys such as titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and aluminum alloys, It is preferable to use carbon fiber or the like.

[0123] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 1 and 5, the ends of housing 111 and housing 112 are rounded, and the ends By designing the device to have no sharp corners, it is a highly safe device even when used by children. It is possible.

[0124] The above is a description of the enclosure.

[0125] [Example of image display method 3] The following describes examples of image display methods for electronic devices that differ from those described above.

[0126] Figure 9(A) shows a perspective view of the electronic device 10. In Figure 9, the display unit 122 is connected to the input device (K This is an example of its use as a board, etc. By adopting this form, the electronic device 1 For example, 0 can be used as a notebook PC.

[0127] Figure 9(B) also shows an example where the housing 111 and housing 112 are separated. Figure 9(B) shows a support unit incorporated into the back of the housing 111 (the side opposite to the display unit 121). The housing 111 is held in a tilted position by the holding part 115. The support part 115 is used If not present, it is preferable to house it in the housing 111. In this way, one of the display units is used as a screen. When using one as one device and the other as an input device, by configuring them to be separable, This can result in a more convenient electronic device 10.

[0128] When housing 111 and housing 112 are separated, housing 111 is a portable device such as a tablet terminal. It functions as an information terminal device, and the housing 112 is an input device that can communicate wirelessly with the housing 111. This can be used. In this case, the control unit and the like are integrated into the housing 111, so the housing 112 Because the internal configuration can be simplified, the electronic device 10 can be made lighter. The housing 111 and housing 112 are configured to function independently as portable information terminal devices. That's fine.

[0129] Note that Figure 9(B) shows an example where the hinge 113 and the housing 111 can be separated, It is not limited to this. For example, the hinge 113 may have a mechanism that allows it to be separated into two parts. This provides a mechanism that allows housing 111 and housing 112 to be detachably connected without using hinge 113. It is acceptable to have it.

[0130] Figure 10(A) shows a schematic top view of the housing 112. A part of the display unit 122 is Image 143 is displayed, which has multiple objects 143a that resemble a single key on a board. Multiple objects 143a are associated with input actions. Figure 1 As shown in 0(A), the user can tap this with their finger 132, etc., to access user input information. The information is transmitted to the control unit 11.

[0131] Figure 10(B1) shows finger 132 tapping on an object 143a. In addition, Figure 10(B2) shows finger 132 with a dashed line.

[0132] At this time, most of the object touched by the finger 132 or the like is hidden by the finger 132 or the like, so it is not visible to the user. Therefore, it is preferable that the object touched by the finger 132 or the like is displayed in the first mode using only the reflective display element or the display is stopped. This can reduce power consumption. On the other hand, an object not touched by the finger 132 or the like can be displayed in the second mode or the third mode using a light-emitting element. In addition, when the environment is sufficiently bright or there is a request from the user, etc., the part not touched by the finger 132 or the like may also be configured to be displayable in the first mode.

[0133] Also, as shown in FIG. 10(B3), not only the object touched by the finger 132 but also the object covered by the finger 132 is not visible to the user, so it may be displayed in the first mode.

[0134] At this time, the touch sensor included in the display unit 122 may be a proximity sensor or an optical sensor, and the position information of the finger 132 or the like located within a predetermined distance from the surface of the display unit 122 may be acquired.

[0135] FIG. 10(C1) is an enlarged example of two objects. In FIG. 10(C1), the objects corresponding to the characters "E" and "R" are shown.

[0136] As shown in FIG. 10(C1), it is preferable to show only the contour portion 144a and the symbol portion 144b of the key and not to show the other portions. Especially when displaying in the second mode or the third mode using a light-emitting element, by setting the light-emitting elements located other than the contour portion 144a and the symbol portion 144b to black display (that is, a state where they do not emit light), the power consumption can be minimized.

[0137] It can be limited.

[0136] Figure 10(C2) shows the state when the key "R" is tapped with finger 132. The key "E" is displayed in a second or third mode that utilizes a light-emitting element, and the key " The "R" key is displayed in the first mode, which uses only reflective display elements. The minute display is effectively obscured because it is covered by finger 132, preventing external light from reaching it.

[0137] The above is an explanation of example 3 of the image display method.

[0138] One aspect of the present invention has two display units, each displaying a first image that is displayed by reflected light. The first image, a second image displayed by emitted light, and a second image displayed by light in which reflected light and emitted light are mixed. A third image can be displayed. Also, the first to third images can be displayed on a single display unit. It becomes possible to display two or more items simultaneously. This allows for the use of various display methods. This becomes possible. Also, by making the area for displaying the first image as large as possible, power consumption can be reduced. It becomes possible to reduce the force. On the other hand, for parts that you want to emphasize more, you can use a second image or a second By using image 3, we can reduce power consumption while providing a less stressful display. It can be provided to the company.

[0139] Furthermore, it combines input methods such as touch sensors with methods for recognizing the user's gaze. This reduces power consumption for displaying areas that the user is unaware of, making it more effective. This enables a display method that is both stress-free and power-efficient.

[0140] This embodiment may be appropriately combined with other embodiments described herein, at least in part. They can be implemented in combination.

[0141] (Embodiment 2) This embodiment describes a display method that can reduce power consumption. More specifically... This partially distinguishes between images with little change and images with a lot of change, and the image with little change consumes less power. This section explains examples of display methods that can reduce power consumption by applying less power-intensive display methods. do.

[0142] Furthermore, the method illustrated in this embodiment involves the image captured by the imaging means and the software. It combines and displays images such as computer graphics (CG) generated from it. This also applies to display technologies known as Augmented Reality (AR). It can be applied.

[0143] A display device used in a display system according to one embodiment of the present invention is a first display having a first display element It has a first pixel and a second pixel having a second display element. At least the first pixel is writeable The collected data can be retained for two or more consecutive frame periods, and the data can be written. The display can be maintained without needing to be changed.

[0144] Therefore, images with little change are displayed using the first pixel, and images with a lot of change are displayed using the second pixel. By using two pixels for display, power consumption can be reduced.

[0145] [Example Configuration] Figure 11 is a block diagram illustrating a display system according to one embodiment of the present invention. The display system 60 includes a control unit 600, a display unit 610, a camera 605 (CAM), and G PS (Global Positioning System) receiver 606 (GPS) And, data input / output unit 607 (I / O), touch sensor 613 (T-SEN), and optical sensor The configuration can include SA614 (P-SEN). The elements that may be included are not limited to these; other elements may also be included.

[0146] The display system 60 shown in Figure 11 is applied to the electronic device 10 shown in Embodiment 1. This is possible. The display system 60 shown here is the housing 111 in Embodiment 1, housing It can be incorporated into 112, or both. When incorporated into one of the enclosures The display system 60 can control both the two display units 121 and 122. Therefore, the display unit 610 shown below is the same as the display unit 121 in Embodiment 1, display This corresponds to part 122, or both.

[0147] The control unit 600 includes a data processing circuit 601 (CPU) and a first memory 602 (RAM1). The configuration includes a second memory 603 (RAM2) and a control circuit 604 (CON). It is possible.

[0148] The data processing circuit 601 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit). Arithmetic circuits such as nit can be used. The data processing circuit 601 may, if necessary, First memory 602, second memory 603, control circuit 604, camera 605, GPS receiver The device 606, data input / output unit 607, touch sensor 613, light sensor 614, etc., communicate signals with each other. It has the function of controlling the entire display system 60, including sending and receiving data.

[0149] The first memory 602 and the second memory 603 have the function of storing image data. For example, image data is stored as frame memory, and control is performed from the data processing circuit 601. This enables the exchange of data to and from path 604. Furthermore, by storing multiple frame data, This enables processing such as comparing image data between frames.

[0150] The first memory 602 has the function of storing image data to be displayed by the first display element. .

[0151] Furthermore, the second memory 603 has a function to store image data to be displayed by the second display element. To possess.

[0152] The control circuit 604 controls the movement of the display unit 610 in accordance with the frequency at which the two types of image data are updated. It has the function to perform operational control.

[0153] The display unit 610 has a first pixel 611 (PIX1) having a first display element and a second display It has a second pixel 612 (PIX2) which has an element. The first display element is, for example, A reflective liquid crystal element can be used. Furthermore, as a second display element, for example, a light-emitting element can be used. The term "child" can be used.

[0154] Reflective liquid crystal elements can operate with low power consumption, and light-emitting elements provide highly visible displays. This can be done. Note that the first pixel 611 has a second display element, and the second pixel 612 It can also be configured to have a first display element.

[0155] In the first pixel 611 and the second pixel 612, the image data writing transistor and Therefore, it is preferable to use a transistor having a metal oxide in the channel region. These transistors have extremely low off-currents, and the potential written as image data can be stored for a long time. It becomes possible to retain new image data over multiple frame periods. This enables so-called idle stop operation, where image display can be maintained without writing data. ru.

[0156] In idle stop drive, the image data written to the pixels is used for two or more frames. This allows for retention, thereby reducing the frequency of image data rewriting. Therefore, power consumption can be reduced.

[0157] A reflective liquid crystal element that can be used as the first display element does not require a backlight. Therefore, the power consumption of the pixel is equal to the power consumption of the circuit operation. Thus, the first It is particularly preferable to drive the pixels having display elements using idle stop drive, and the pixel portion is Power consumption can be reduced in proportion to the rewrite frequency.

[0158] Camera 605 has the function of acquiring an image corresponding to the incident light.

[0159] The GPS receiver 606 can communicate with communication satellites and has the function of calculating the reception position. do.

[0160] The data input / output unit 607 has a function to acquire image data etc. from an external source or to send image data to an external source. It has a function to output data, etc. For example, the data input / output unit 607 is wired or wireless network It can connect to the workpiece and acquire image data, etc., from external sources via the network. It is possible to do so. In addition, the data input / output unit 607 has a medium on which image data etc. is stored. It may be connected.

[0161] The touch sensor 613 is an input means and is mounted on top of the display unit 610. This function converts the user's touch of the 0 key into an electrical signal and outputs it to the data processing circuit 601. It has. The input information is output to the data processing circuit 601, which then processes the data processing circuit 6 It is used as an input signal for application software that is processed by 01.

[0162] The light sensor 614 has the function of measuring the illuminance of the environment in which the display system 60 is used. The data processing circuit 601 and control circuit 604 obtain illuminance information and use the table The system performs processes such as selecting display elements, changing the brightness of the display unit 610, and adjusting the color tone of the image. Yes, it is possible. The light sensor 614 may also be provided within a pixel. Furthermore, one embodiment of the present invention... In the display system 60, the touch sensor 613 and the light sensor 614 are omitted. It's also possible.

[0163] By using the display system 60 having the above-described components, multiple images can be combined. The image can be displayed in this way. For example, an image of a subject can be acquired with camera 605, and the Information about the subject is obtained from the data input / output unit 607, and the two are combined and displayed on the display unit 610. It can be displayed.

[0164] Furthermore, the image P acquired by camera 605 is divided into the first pixel 611 and the second pixel 612. The image Q is displayed in the same way, and the image Q acquired via the data input / output unit 607 is used for the first pixel 611 and the second When displayed on the other of the two pixels (612), an area occurs where image P and image Q overlap. Therefore, the area in image P where image Q is displayed should be processed into a black image. This is preferable. This processing can be performed by a data processing circuit. Depending on the application, this processing may be performed This can be omitted.

[0165] The composite position of image Q relative to image P is determined by using a designated marker within the first image. It can be determined. Alternatively, location information and data acquired by GPS receiver 606 can be used to determine the location. Either the information acquired via the input / output unit 607 or the imaging information from the camera 605, This can be determined from the results of calculations based on that combined information.

[0166] The control circuit 604 processes the image data input from the first memory 602 into the first pixel 611 It has the function of displaying on the first pixel 611 has a reflective liquid crystal element, and the eye mentioned above It is possible to operate it with a stop-start mechanism. Therefore, image data that is not frequently rewritten is used. When displayed with one pixel 611, the first pixel 611 is driven during a specific frame period. The operation of the peripheral circuits for this purpose can be stopped.

[0167] Furthermore, the control circuit 604 processes the image data input from the second memory 603 into the second pixel It has the function of displaying on 612. The second pixel 612 has a light-emitting element and for displaying motion. Therefore, it has good display response. Thus, the second pixel 612 is displayed by the first pixel 611. It is preferable to display an image that is rewritten more frequently than the image data being shown.

[0168] Furthermore, the number of frames for which the idle stop drive is performed will be a predetermined number, and the environment Changes are detected by various sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotational speed, distance, light, magnetism). Temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, electric current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, Recognition is performed using a device that includes functions to measure gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared radiation, etc. The number of frames may be changed automatically. By performing this control, consistency with reality can be maintained. This can be improved. Furthermore, it reduces power consumption by suppressing unnecessary rewriting of image data. It can be made to happen.

[0169] [Idling stop drive] An example of the idle stop drive described above is shown using Figures 12(A) to (C). explain.

[0170] Figure 12(A) shows the circuit diagram of a pixel, which consists of a liquid crystal element 653 and a pixel circuit 651. This is shown. In Figure 12(A), the transistors connected to the signal line SL and the gate line GL T M1, Capacitive element Cs LC The liquid crystal element (LC) is also shown.

[0171] Figure 12(B) shows the signal line in normal drive mode, not idle stop drive. This is a timing chart showing the waveforms of the signals applied to SL and gate line GL, respectively. In normal operation mode, it can operate at a normal frame frequency (e.g., 60Hz). ru.

[0172] When the periods of consecutive frames at the given frame frequency are denoted as T1, T2, and T3, During each frame period, a scan signal is applied to the gate line, and the data D1 of the signal line is written to the pixel. The operation is performed. This operation is performed even when the same data D1 is written to T1, T2, and T3. The same applies even when writing different data.

[0173] Figure 12(C) shows the signal line SL and gate line GL in idle stop drive. This is a timing chart showing the waveforms of the signals applied to each of them. In motion, it can be operated at a low frame rate (e.g., 1 Hz).

[0174] In Figure 12(C), the frame period at the frame frequency is T1, and within that period, data The period for writing is T W The period for which data is retained is T RET It is represented by this. Idlings Top drive is during period T W Then, a scan signal is applied to the gate line, and the data D1 of the signal line is written to the pixel. Including, period T RET The gate wire is fixed to a low voltage, and transistor M1 is de-conducted. The operation involves temporarily writing the data D1 to the pixel and then retaining that data in that state.

[0175] Here, by using a transistor with a metal oxide applied as transistor M1, Furthermore, its low off-current makes it possible to retain data D1 for a long time. Also, Figure 1 Examples using liquid crystal elements (LC) were shown in 2(A) to (C), but light-emitting elements such as organic EL elements are also used. Using the child engine, idling stop operation is also possible.

[0176] In the circuit diagram shown in Figure 12(A), the liquid crystal element LC is the leak path for data D1. Therefore, in order to properly operate the idle stop function, the resistivity of the liquid crystal element LC is important. 1.0 × 10 14 It is preferable that the density be Ω·cm or greater.

[0177] [Example of display method] Next, a specific example of the display will be explained. Here, the first pixel 611 is a first display element When a second display element is provided in the second pixel 612, it is possible to efficiently Examples of idling stop drive are shown in Figures 13(A1) to (A3) and Figure 14. We will explain using this method.

[0178] Figures 13(A1) to (A3) are images of the buildings acquired as the first image P1, which will be described later. This is an example of combining images of the aircraft acquired as the second images Q1, Q2, and Q3, which will be described later. Figures 13(A1) through (A3) are displayed consecutively, indicating that the aircraft does not actually exist. It is possible to create a video of it flying above a cluster of buildings.

[0179] In order to construct the images in Figure 13 (A1) to (A3), during the period F1 to F3, Specific examples of images obtained, generated, or displayed are shown in Figure 14.

[0180] First, during period F1, an image of the building complex is acquired by camera 605 as the first image P1. Then, the first image P1 is processed so that the area to be composited with the image is displayed in black, and the third Generate image P1'.

[0181] Furthermore, an image of the aircraft is acquired from the data input / output unit 607 as a second image Q1. Then, the original data of the area shown in black in the third image P1' and the second image Q1 are combined, The area outside of these regions is displayed in black to generate a fourth image Q1'.

[0182] Subsequently, the third image P1' is displayed in the first pixel 611, and the fourth image Q1' is displayed in the second When displayed on pixel 612, the overall image shown in Figure 13(A1) is displayed. .

[0183] Here, the third image P1' displayed in the first pixel 611 is the idle stop drive. Due to the dynamics, it is maintained even after period F2.

[0184] Furthermore, during period F2, the image of the aircraft is recorded as the second image Q2 in the data input / output unit 607 It is obtained from and a fourth image Q2' is generated. Then, the fourth image Q2' is placed on the second pixel 61 By displaying it in step 2, the overall image shown in Figure 13(A2) will be displayed.

[0185] Furthermore, during period F3, the image of the aircraft is recorded as the second image Q3 in the data input / output unit 607 It is obtained from and a fourth image Q3' is generated. Then, the fourth image Q3' is placed on the second pixel 61 By displaying it in step 2, the overall image shown in Figure 13 (A3) will be displayed.

[0186] In this way, by pre-allocating the area in the original image where the image will be added, the original image It allows for efficient operation of the idle stop system.

[0187] Here, period F1 is the period for acquiring the first image P1, and the period for generating the third image P1'. During the period for acquiring the second image Q1, the period for generating the fourth image Q1', and the third image Includes a period in which P1' and the fourth image Q1' are displayed. During periods other than the period in which 1' is displayed, the image that was composited and displayed before period F1 is used. It is preferable to display it. Similarly, for periods F2 and F3, the fourth image Q2' is also displayed. Or, during periods other than the period in which Q3' is displayed in the second pixel 612, it is generated before this. It is preferable to display the synthesized image.

[0188] The above is an explanation of the display method examples.

[0189] [Regarding semiconductor devices] The semiconductor devices such as transistors used in each of the pixels mentioned above, and in the circuits that drive the pixels It is preferable to apply a metal oxide to the semiconductor layer. Examples of such metal oxides include , CAC-OS (Cloud-Aligned Composite-Oxid (e Semiconductor, etc.) can be used.

[0190] In particular, it is preferable to use oxide semiconductors with a larger band gap than silicon. Using semiconductor materials with a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon This allows for a reduction in the current when the transistor is in the off state.

[0191] Furthermore, due to its low off-current, the capacitive element connected in series with the transistor accumulates... It is possible to retain electric charge for a long period of time. Such transistors can be applied to pixels. This makes it possible to stop the drive circuit while maintaining the gradation of each pixel. As a result, it becomes possible to create electronic devices with extremely reduced power consumption.

[0192] Furthermore, semiconductors such as transistors used in the aforementioned pixels and the circuits that drive those pixels. Polycrystalline semiconductors may be used for the body device. For example, polycrystalline silicon may be used. Preferred. Polycrystalline silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than single-crystal silicon, and amorphous silicon Compared to silicon, it has higher field-effect mobility and higher reliability. Such polycrystalline semiconductors By applying it to pixels, the aperture ratio of the pixels can be improved. Also, a very large number of pixels Even if present, the gate drive circuit and source drive circuit are formed on the same substrate as the pixel. This makes it possible to reduce the number of components that make up electronic devices.

[0193] This embodiment may be appropriately combined with other embodiments described herein, at least in part. They can be implemented in combination.

[0194] (Embodiment 3) The following describes an example of a display panel that can be used in a display device according to one aspect of the present invention. To clarify, the display panel described below has both a reflective liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element. This is a display panel capable of displaying in both light mode and reflective mode.

[0195] [Example Configuration] Figure 15(A) is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the display device 400. 0 has multiple pixels 410 arranged in a matrix on the display unit 362. 400 has circuit GD and circuit SD. Also, multiple pixels 410 are arranged in direction R. Multiple wires G1, multiple wires G2, multiple wires ANO, and more that are electrically connected to circuit GD. It has multiple wiring CSCOMs. It also has multiple pixels 410 arranged in direction C, and circuit SD It has multiple wirings S1 and multiple wirings S2 that are electrically connected to it.

[0196] For simplicity, the configuration shown here has one circuit GD and one circuit SD, but the liquid Circuits GD and SD for driving the crystal element, and circuits GD and S for driving the light-emitting element D and the other may be provided separately.

[0197] Pixel 410 has a reflective liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element. In pixel 410, the liquid crystal element The child and the light-emitting element have overlapping portions.

[0198] Figure 15(B1) shows an example of the configuration of the conductive layer 311b of pixel 410. Conductive layer 311 b functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element in pixel 410. Also, the conductive layer 311b An opening 451 is provided.

[0199] Figure 15(B1) shows the light-emitting element 360 located in the region overlapping with the conductive layer 311b, indicated by a dashed line. This shows that the light-emitting element 360 is arranged in overlap with the opening 451 of the conductive layer 311b. Therefore, the light emitted by the light-emitting element 360 is emitted towards the display surface side through the aperture 451. It can be done.

[0200] In Figure 15(B1), the pixels 410 adjacent to each other in direction R are pixels corresponding to different colors. At this time, as shown in Figure 15(B1), in multiple pixels arranged in direction R, multiple To prevent the openings 451 from being aligned in a straight line, they are each positioned at different locations on the conductive layer 311b. It is preferable that this is done so that two adjacent light-emitting elements 360 can be separated. It is possible that the light emitted by the light-emitting element 360 may be incident on the colored layer of the adjacent pixel 410. This can suppress the phenomenon (also called crosstalk) between two adjacent light-emitting elements. Since the child 360 can be placed separately, the EL layer of the light-emitting element 360 can be used as a shadow mask. Even when differentiating between various methods, a display device with high resolution can be achieved.

[0201] Alternatively, the arrangement shown in Figure 15(B2) may also be used.

[0202] If the ratio of the total area of ​​the aperture 451 to the total area of ​​the non-apertures is too large, the liquid crystal elements will not be used. The display becomes dim. Also, the ratio of the total area of ​​the opening 451 to the total area of ​​the non-openings. If the value is too small, the display using the light-emitting element 360 will become dim.

[0203] Furthermore, the area of ​​the opening 451 provided in the conductive layer 311b, which functions as a reflective electrode, is too small. This reduces the efficiency of the light that can be extracted from the light emitted by the light-emitting element 360.

[0204] The shape of the opening 451 may be, for example, a polygon, a square, an ellipse, a circle, or a cross. It is possible to have long, narrow stripes, slits, or checkerboard patterns. The aperture 451 may be positioned close to adjacent pixels. Preferably, the aperture 451 is the same color. Position the pixels close to the other pixels being displayed. This helps suppress crosstalk.

[0205] [Circuit Configuration Example] Figure 16 is a circuit diagram showing an example configuration of pixel 410. In Figure 16, two adjacent pixels It shows 410.

[0206] Pixel 410 consists of switch SW1, capacitive element C1, liquid crystal element 340, switch SW2, and It has a transistor M, a capacitive element C2, and a light-emitting element 360, etc. Also, the pixel 410 has Wiring G1, Wiring G2, Wiring ANO, Wiring CSCOM, Wiring S1, and Wiring S2 are electrical They are connected precisely. Also, in Figure 16, the wiring VCO that electrically connects to the liquid crystal element 340. This shows M1 and the wiring VCOM2 which is electrically connected to the light-emitting element 360.

[0207] Figure 16 shows an example where transistors are used for switches SW1 and SW2. This indicates that.

[0208] Switch SW1 has its gate connected to wiring G1, and either the source or drain is connected to wiring Connected to S1, with the source or drain being one electrode of the capacitive element C1, and liquid crystal It is connected to one electrode of element 340. Capacitive element C1 is connected to the other electrode of wiring CSCO It is connected to M. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to wiring VCOM1. .

[0209] Additionally, switch SW2 has its gate connected to wiring G2, and either the source or the drain is connected. The wire S2 is connected to the other side of the source or drain, and one electrode of the capacitive element C2 is connected to the other side. It is connected to the gate of transistor M. Capacitive element C2 has its other electrode connected to transistor M. One of the source or drain of is connected to wiring ANO. Transistor M is The source or drain is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. Child 360 has its other electrode connected to wiring VCOM2.

[0210] In Figure 16, transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor, and these are connected. This shows an example where the current that transistor M can supply is increased. It is possible.

[0211] Wiring G1 is used to provide a signal that controls switch SW1 to either a conductive or non-conductive state. This is possible. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1. A liquid can be applied to the wiring S1. A signal can be provided to control the orientation state of the liquid crystal in the crystal element 340. (Wiring CSC) A predetermined potential can be applied to the OM.

[0212] Wiring G2 is used to provide a signal that controls switch SW2 to either a conductive or non-conductive state. This is possible. Wiring VCOM2 and wiring ANO have a potential difference that causes the light-emitting element 360 to emit light. The potentials generated can be applied to each. The conduction state of transistor M is determined by the wiring S2. It can provide a control signal.

[0213] Pixel 410 shown in Figure 16, for example, when displaying in reflection mode, is connected to wiring G1 and It is driven by the signal supplied to the wiring S1 and displays using optical modulation by the liquid crystal element 340. This is possible. Also, when displaying in light emission mode, the wires G2 and S2 are supplied. It can be driven by a signal and illuminate the light-emitting element 360 to display information. Also, both When driven in this mode, each of the following applies: Wiring G1, Wiring G2, Wiring S1 and Wiring S2 It can be driven by a signal given to it.

[0214] In Figure 16, one pixel 410 contains one liquid crystal element 340 and one light-emitting element 360. An example with such a feature has been shown, but it is not limited to this. Figure 17(A) shows one pixel 410. The liquid crystal element 340 and four light-emitting elements (light-emitting element 360r, light-emitting element 360g, light-emitting element 3 This shows an example with 60b and a light-emitting element (360w).

[0215] In Figure 17(A), in addition to the example in Figure 16, wiring G3 and wiring S3 are connected to pixel 410. It is being done.

[0216] In the example shown in Figure 17(A), for example, there are four light-emitting elements (light-emitting element 360r, light-emitting element 36 0g, light-emitting element 360b, light-emitting element 360w) are colored red (R), green (G), and blue respectively. Light-emitting elements exhibiting color (B) and white (W) can be used. Also, liquid crystal elements 34 By setting it to 0, a reflective liquid crystal element that exhibits white light can be used. This allows for a reflective mode When displaying "D", a highly reflective white display can be used. Also, the illumination mode... When displaying images, it is possible to display images with high color rendering at low power consumption.

[0217] Figure 17(B) also shows an example of the configuration of pixel 410. Pixel 410 is connected to electrode 31 A light-emitting element 360w overlapping with the opening of 1, and light-emitting elements arranged around the electrode 311. It has 360r, light-emitting element 360g, and light-emitting element 360b. Light-emitting element 360r, It is preferable that the light-emitting element 360g and the light-emitting element 360b have approximately the same light-emitting area. stomach.

[0218] [Example of display panel configuration] Figure 18 is a schematic perspective view of a display panel 300 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Display panel 300 It has a configuration in which substrate 351 and substrate 361 are bonded together. In Figure 18, substrate 361 This is indicated by a dashed line.

[0219] The display panel 300 includes a display unit 362, a circuit 364, wiring 365, etc. Circuit board 351 This includes, for example, circuit 364, wiring 365, and conductive layer 311b which functions as a pixel electrode. A is provided. Also, in Figure 18, IC373 and FPC372 are mounted on the substrate 351. This shows an example. Therefore, the configuration shown in Figure 18 is a display panel 300 and an FPC 372. It can also be described as a display module that has IC373.

[0220] Circuit 364 can be, for example, a circuit that functions as a scan line drive circuit.

[0221] Wiring 365 has the function of supplying signals and power to the display unit and circuit 364. Power is supplied externally via FPC372 or from IC373 to wiring 365.

[0222] Furthermore, in Figure 18, the substrate 351 is formed using the COG (Chip On Glass) method, etc. This shows an example where IC373 is provided. IC373 is, for example, in the scan line drive circuit. Alternatively, an IC that functions as a signal line drive circuit can be applied. If 0 includes a circuit that functions as a scan line drive circuit and a signal line drive circuit, or if the scan line drive External circuits are provided to function as driving circuits and signal line drive circuits, and the display is connected via FPC372. When inputting a signal to drive the NEL300, for example, a configuration without IC373 is used. It is also permissible to use IC373 with COF (Chip On Film) or the like. It can also be implemented in FPC372.

[0223] Figure 18 shows a magnified view of a part of the display unit 362. The display unit 362 has multiple tables The conductive layer 311b of the element is arranged in a matrix. It has the function of reflecting visible light and functions as a reflective electrode for the liquid crystal element 340, which will be described later.

[0224] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 18, the conductive layer 311b has an opening. The substrate 351 side also has a light-emitting element 360. Light from the light-emitting element 360 is directed to the conductive layer 31 It is injected towards the substrate 361 through the opening 1b.

[0225] Furthermore, a touch sensor can be provided on the substrate 361. For example, a sheet-shaped electrostatic sensor. Alternatively, a capacitive touch sensor 366 can be mounted on top of the display unit 362. A touch sensor may be provided between substrate 361 and substrate 351. If a touch sensor is to be installed between 1 and the other element, in addition to a capacitive touch sensor, a photoelectric conversion sensor may also be used. An optical touch sensor using an element may also be applied.

[0226] [Cross-sectional configuration example 1] Figure 19 shows a portion of the area including the FPC372 of the display panel illustrated in Figure 18, and circuit 36. When a portion of the area including 4 and a portion of the area including the display unit 362 are cut off, the cross-section An example of a surface is shown. Note that the touch sensor 366 is not included.

[0227] The display panel has an insulating layer 220 between substrate 351 and substrate 361. Between 1 and the insulating layer 220, there is a light-emitting element 360, transistor 201, transistor 205, It has transistors 206, a colored layer 134, etc. Also, between the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 361, It has liquid crystal elements 340, a colored layer 135, etc. Also, the substrate 361 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded together by an adhesive layer 16 The substrate 351 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded via adhesive layer 162. .

[0228] Transistor 206 is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340, and transistor 205 is generated It is electrically connected to the optical element 360. Transistors 205 and 206 are either Since the insulating layer 220 is also formed on the substrate 351 side surface, these can be formed using the same process. It can be manufactured by [this method].

[0229] The substrate 361 has a colored layer 135, a light-shielding layer 136, an insulating layer 218, and a liquid crystal element 340. A conductive layer 313, an alignment film 133b, an insulating layer 117, etc., which function as a common electrode are provided. The insulating layer 117 is a spacer for holding the cell gap of the liquid crystal element 340. It works.

[0230] On the substrate 351 side of the insulating layer 220, there are insulating layers 211, 212, 213, and insulating Insulating layers such as layer 214 and insulating layer 215 are provided. A portion of insulating layer 211 is each It functions as a gate insulating layer for the transistor. Insulating layer 212, insulating layer 213, and insulating layer 214 is provided covering each transistor. Also, insulating layer 2 covers insulating layer 2 15 is provided. The insulating layer 214 and insulating layer 215 have the function of planarizing layers. Here, insulating layers 212 and 213 are used as insulating layers to cover transistors, etc. The example shown is for a case with three insulating layers 214, but it is not limited to this and can include four or more layers. It may be a single layer or two layers. Also, an insulating layer 2 that functions as a planarizing layer Item 14 can be omitted if it is not needed.

[0231] Furthermore, transistors 201, 205, and 206 are partially A conductive layer 221 that functions as a gate, and a conductive layer that functions as a source or drain. It has a layer 222 and a semiconductor layer 231. Here, multiple are obtained by processing the same conductive film. The same hatching pattern is applied to each layer.

[0232] The liquid crystal element 340 is a reflective liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element 340 has a conductive layer 311a and liquid crystal It has a laminated structure in which conductive layers 312 and 313 are stacked. Also, the substrate 35 of conductive layer 311a A conductive layer 311b that reflects visible light is provided in contact with side 1. The conductive layer 311b is open It has a mouth 251. In addition, conductive layers 311a and 313 are made of a material that transmits visible light. Includes. Also, an alignment film 133a is provided between the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 311a, and the liquid crystal 312 An alignment film 133b is provided between the conductive layer 313 and the substrate 361. It has a polarizing plate 130.

[0233] In the liquid crystal element 340, the conductive layer 311b has the function of reflecting visible light, and the conductive layer 31 3 has the function of transmitting visible light. Light incident from the substrate 361 side is filtered by the polarizing plate 130. It is polarized, passes through the conductive layer 313 and the liquid crystal 312, and is reflected by the conductive layer 311b. The liquid crystal 312 and conductive layer 313 are passed through again, reaching the polarizing plate 130. At this point, the conductive The orientation of the liquid crystal is controlled by the voltage applied between layer 311b and the conductive layer 313, and the optical modulation of light is controlled. This allows for the control of the intensity of light emitted through the polarizing plate 130. This is possible. Also, light outside of a specific wavelength range is absorbed by the colored layer 135. As a result, the extracted light will be, for example, red light.

[0234] The light-emitting element 360 is a bottom-emission type light-emitting element. The light-emitting element 360 is an insulating The layers are stacked in the following order from the layer 220 side: conductive layer 191, EL layer 192, and conductive layer 193b. It has a layered structure. Furthermore, a conductive layer 193a is provided covering the conductive layer 193b. Conductive layer 193b contains a material that reflects visible light, and conductive layers 191 and 193a reflect visible light. Includes a transparent material. The light emitted by the light-emitting element 360 passes through the colored layer 134, the insulating layer 220, and the aperture. 251, via the conductive layer 313, etc., it is injected towards the substrate 361.

[0235] Here, as shown in Figure 19, a conductive layer 311a that transmits visible light is provided in the aperture 251. It is preferable that this is done so that even in the area overlapping with the opening 251, other areas Because the liquid crystal 312 aligns in the same way as the regions, liquid crystal alignment defects occur at the boundaries of these regions. This helps to prevent unintended light leakage.

[0236] Here, a linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 130 placed on the outer surface of the substrate 361. However, circular polarizers can also be used. Examples of circular polarizers include linear polarizers and quarter-wave polarizers. A stack of long phase difference plates can be used. This suppresses external light reflection. This can be done. In addition, a light diffuser may be provided to suppress external light reflection. Also, the type of polarizer Depending on the type, the cell gap, orientation, driving voltage, etc. of the liquid crystal element used in the liquid crystal element 340 are adjusted. The goal is to achieve the desired contrast by doing so.

[0237] An insulating layer 217 is provided on the insulating layer 216 that covers the edge of the conductive layer 191. Layer 217 is a spacer that prevents the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 351 from coming into excessive proximity. It has the function of shielding the EL layer 192 and conductive layer 193a with a shielding mask (metal mask). When forming using, to suppress contact between the shielding mask and the surface to be formed It may have a function. Furthermore, the insulating layer 217 may be omitted if it is not needed.

[0238] Either the source or drain of transistor 205 is connected to a light-emitting element via the conductive layer 224. It is electrically connected to the conductive layer 191 of the 360.

[0239] Either the source or drain of transistor 206 is connected to the conductive layer 3 via the connector 207. It is electrically connected to 11b. The conductive layer 311b and the conductive layer 311a are provided in contact with each other. These are electrically connected. Here, the connection part 207 is provided in the insulating layer 220. This is the portion that connects the conductive layers provided on both sides of the insulating layer 220 through an opening.

[0240] A connection portion 204 is provided in the area where substrates 351 and 361 do not overlap. The connecting portion 204 is electrically connected to the FPC 372 via the connecting layer 242. Connecting portion 2 04 has the same configuration as connection part 207. The upper surface of connection part 204 is the conductive layer 311a A conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film is exposed. As a result, the connection part 204 and The FPC372 can be electrically connected via the connecting layer 242.

[0241] A connecting portion 252 is provided in a part of the area where the adhesive layer 161 is provided. In 52, a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as conductive layer 311a, and conductive layer 31 A portion of 3 is electrically connected by the connector 243. Therefore, on the substrate 361 side The formed conductive layer 313 receives signals input from the FPC 372 connected to the substrate 351. Alternatively, the potential can be supplied via the connection part 252.

[0242] For example, conductive particles can be used as the connector 243. In this case, a material is used in which the surface of particles such as organic resin or silica is coated with a metal material. Yes, it is possible. Using nickel or gold as the metallic material is preferable because it reduces contact resistance. Particles coated in layers of two or more metal materials, such as nickel further coated with gold. It is preferable to use a material that is elastically deformable or plastically deformable as the connecting body 243. It is preferable to use it. In this case, the conductive particles, which are the connectors 243, are as shown in Figure 19. In some cases, it may take on a shape that is flattened in the vertical direction. This allows the connector 243 and the electrical The contact area with the conductive layer that is connected by gas is increased, which reduces contact resistance and also prevents connection failures. This can suppress the occurrence of malfunctions.

[0243] It is preferable that the connecting body 243 be positioned so as to be covered by the adhesive layer 161. For example, hard The connectors 243 should be dispersed in the adhesive layer 161 before the transformation process.

[0244] Figure 19 shows an example of circuit 364 in which transistor 201 is provided. ru.

[0245] Figure 19 shows the channel shape as an example of transistors 201 and 205. A configuration is applied in which the semiconductor layer 231 to be formed is sandwiched between two gates. One gate is connected by the conductive layer 221, while the other gate is connected to the semiconductor layer 231 via the insulating layer 212. It is composed of an electrolytic layer 223. This configuration allows the threshold of the transistor The voltage value can be controlled. In this case, two gates are connected and the same signal is applied to them. The transistor may be driven by supplying a signal. Such a transistor may be driven by other transistors. Compared to a lampistor, it is possible to increase the field-effect mobility and increase the on-current. This makes it possible to create circuits that can be driven at high speeds. Furthermore, it is possible to rotate This makes it possible to reduce the area occupied by the circuit. A transistor with a high on-current can be applied. Therefore, even if the number of wires increases when the display panel is made larger or higher resolution, each This makes it possible to reduce signal delay in wiring and suppress display inconsistencies.

[0246] Furthermore, the transistors in circuit 364 and the transistors in display unit 362 are the same. They may have the same structure. Also, the multiple transistors in circuit 364 may all have the same structure. It may be present, or a combination of transistors with different structures may be used. Also, the display unit The multiple transistors in 362 may all have the same structure, or they may have different structures. Rangista may be used in combination.

[0247] At least one of the insulating layers 212 and 213 covering each transistor is protected from water and hydrogen It is preferable to use a material that does not easily allow impurities such as to diffuse. That is, the insulating layer 212 and The insulating layer 213 can function as a barrier film. This makes it possible to effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor. This enables the creation of highly reliable display panels.

[0248] On the substrate 361 side, an insulating layer 218 is provided covering the colored layer 135 and the light-shielding layer 136. The insulating layer 218 may also function as a planarizing layer. Therefore, the surface of the conductive layer 313 can be made approximately flat, which allows for a uniform orientation of the liquid crystal 312. .

[0249] [Cross-sectional configuration example 2] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 20, a display panel in one embodiment of the present invention has a first element provided on each pixel. The configuration may also include a region where one transistor and a second transistor overlap. This configuration allows for a smaller area per pixel, resulting in high-resolution images. It is possible to form a display panel with a high pixel density that can be shown.

[0250] For example, a transistor 205 is a transistor for driving the light-emitting element 360, A configuration can be made in which transistor 208 has an overlapping region. Alternatively, liquid crystal Transistor 206 for driving element 340, and transistor 205 and transistor The configuration may include one of the sta208 having an overlapping region.

[0251] [Cross-sectional configuration example 3] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 21, a display panel according to one aspect of the present invention includes a display panel 300a and a display panel The display panel 300b may be configured to be bonded together via an adhesive layer 50. 300a has a liquid crystal element 340 and a transistor 206 in the display unit 362a, and the display unit The circuit 364a that drives 362a has a transistor 201a. Display panel 300b The display unit 362b has a light-emitting element 360 and transistors 205 and 208, and the display unit The circuit 364b that drives 362b has transistor 201b.

[0252] With this configuration, each of the display panels 300a and 300b This allows for the use of a manufacturing process suitable for the purpose, thereby improving product yield.

[0253] [Regarding each component] The following sections will explain each of the components listed above.

[0254] 〔substrate〕 A substrate having a flat surface can be used for the display panel. The substrate on the side from which the light is extracted uses a material that transmits the light. For example, glass, quartz, Materials such as ceramics, sapphires, and organic resins can be used.

[0255] By using a thin substrate, the display panel can be made lighter and thinner. Furthermore, by using a substrate with a thickness sufficient to be flexible, a flexible display panel can be realized. It can be expressed.

[0256] Furthermore, the substrate on the side from which light is not extracted does not need to be translucent, as mentioned above. In addition to the base plate, metal substrates can also be used. Metal substrates have high thermal conductivity, and the entire substrate Because it can easily conduct heat to the body, it can suppress localized temperature increases in the display panel. Preferably, to obtain flexibility and bendability, the thickness of the metal substrate should be 10 μm to 200 μm. The following are preferred, and a thickness of 20 μm or more and 50 μm or less is more preferred.

[0257] There are no particular limitations on the materials that make up the metal substrate, but for example, aluminum, copper, and nickel are used. Preferably, metals such as buckle, or alloys such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel are used. It is possible.

[0258] Furthermore, insulating treatment can be performed by oxidizing the surface of the metal substrate or by forming an insulating film on the surface. A substrate with a treated surface may be used. For example, coating methods such as spin coating or dip coating, An insulating film may be formed using methods such as electrodeposition, vapor deposition, or sputtering, or oxygen In addition to leaving it in an atmosphere or heating it, an oxide film can be formed on the surface of the substrate by methods such as anodizing. It may be formed.

[0259] Examples of materials that are flexible and transparent to visible light include polyethylene. Polyester resins such as refthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), Polyacrylonitrile resin, polyimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate Polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, polyamide resin, cyclo Olefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamide-imide resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, poly Examples include tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin. In particular, materials with a low coefficient of thermal expansion. It is preferable to use a thermal expansion coefficient of 30 × 10 -6 Polyamides with a K value of less than / K Doimide resin, polyimide resin, PET, etc. can be suitably used. Glass fiber Substrates impregnated with organic resin, or substrates in which inorganic fillers are mixed with organic resin to lower the coefficient of thermal expansion. A board can also be used. A substrate made of such a material is lightweight, so the substrate can be used The display panel used can also be made lightweight.

[0260] If the above material contains fibrous material, the fibrous material is a high strength organic or inorganic compound. High-strength fibers are used. Specifically, high-strength fibers are fibers with a high tensile modulus or Young's modulus. This refers to polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers, polyester fibers, and poly- Aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxide) Examples include sazole fibers, glass fibers, or carbon fibers. Examples of glass fibers include E-glass. Examples include glass fibers using S glass, D glass, Q glass, etc. These are woven fabrics. Alternatively, it can be used in the form of a nonwoven fabric, and a structure can be made by impregnating this fiber with resin and hardening the resin. It may be used as a flexible substrate. As a flexible substrate, it may be made of a fiber and a resin. Using such a structure improves reliability against damage caused by bending and localized pressure, therefore it is preferred. It's nice.

[0261] Alternatively, a thin, flexible material such as glass or metal can be used as the substrate. Alternatively, a composite material may be used in which glass and resin materials are bonded together by an adhesive layer.

[0262] A flexible substrate is coated with a hard coat layer to protect the surface of the display panel from scratches, etc. (for example) For example, a layer of material that can distribute pressure (e.g., silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, etc.) or a layer of material that can distribute pressure. Laminated materials such as laminated resin may be used. Also, moisture may reduce the lifespan of the display element. To suppress such issues, a flexible substrate may be laminated with an insulating film that has low water permeability. For example, silicon nitride, silicon oxide nitride, silicon oxide nitride, aluminum oxide, nitrile Inorganic insulating materials such as aluminum oxide can be used.

[0263] The substrate can also be constructed by stacking multiple layers. In particular, it can be configured to include a glass layer. This improves barrier properties against water and oxygen, resulting in a highly reliable display panel. .

[0264] [Transistor] A transistor consists of a conductive layer that functions as the gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, and a source electrode. A functional conductive layer, a conductive layer that functions as a drain electrode, and a gate insulating layer that functions as a gate insulating layer. It has an insulating layer. The above shows the case where a bottom-gate transistor is applied. It is.

[0265] The structure of the transistor in the display device according to one aspect of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, it could be a planar transistor or a staggered transistor. It may also be an inverse staggered transistor. Alternatively, it can be a top-gate or bottom-gate transistor. Any type of transistor structure may be used. Alternatively, gate electrodes may be provided above and below the channel. It's okay to be kicked.

[0266] The crystallinity of semiconductor materials used in transistors is not particularly limited; amorphous semiconductors are also available. Crystalline semiconductors (microcrystalline semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, monocrystalline semiconductors, or semiconductors with some crystals) Any semiconductor having regions may be used. If a crystalline semiconductor is used, This is preferable because it suppresses the deterioration of the transistor characteristics.

[0267] Furthermore, semiconductor materials used in transistors have an energy gap of 2 eV or more. Preferably, a metal oxide with a voltage of 2.5 eV or higher, more preferably 3 eV or higher, can be used. Yes, it is possible. Typical examples include indium-containing oxide semiconductors, such as CA, which will be discussed later. C-OS and similar operating systems can be used.

[0268] Using oxide semiconductors, which have a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon. Due to its low off-current, the transistor is connected in series with a capacitive element. It is possible to retain the electric charge accumulated in it for a long period of time.

[0269] The semiconductor layer is made of, for example, indium, zinc, and M(aluminum, titanium, gallium, galvanic acid). Lumanium, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, tin, neodymium or The film can be represented as an In-M-Zn oxide containing metals such as hafnium. .

[0270] When the oxide semiconductor constituting the semiconductor layer is an In-M-Zn system oxide, In-M-Zn acid The atomic ratio of metal elements in a sputtering target used to deposit a phosphate film is In≧ It is preferable that M, Zn ≥ M. The metal elements of such a sputtering target. As atomic ratios, In:M:Zn=1:1:1, In:M:Zn=1:1:1.2, I n:M:Zn=3:1:2, In:M:Zn=4:2:3, In:M:Zn=4:2:4 .1. In:M:Zn = 5:1:6, In:M:Zn = 5:1:7, In:M:Zn = 5 :1:8 etc. are preferable. The atomic ratio of the semiconductor layer to be formed includes a fluctuation of plus or minus 40% of the atomic ratio of the metal elements contained in the sputtering target described above respectively. .

[0271] The transistor with the bottom gate structure exemplified in this embodiment is preferable because the manufacturing process can be reduced. Also, by using an oxide semiconductor at this time, wiring and electrode materials and substrate materials lower than the semiconductor layer that can be formed at a lower temperature than polycrystalline silicon can use materials with low heat resistance, so the range of material selection can be widened. For example, a glass substrate with an extremely large area can be preferably used . As the semiconductor layer, an oxide semiconductor film with a low carrier density is used. For example, the semiconductor layer has a carrier density of 1×10

[0272] / cm or less, preferably 1×10 17 / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1×10 15 / cm 3 or less, even more preferably 1×10 / cm 13 or less, still more preferably 1×10 3 / cm 11 or less, and even more preferably 1×10 3 / cm or less, and even more preferably less than 1×10 10 / cm 3 , and an oxide semiconductor of 1×10 -9 / cm 3 or more can be used. Such an oxide semiconductor is called a high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductor. As a result, the impurity concentration is low and the density of defect levels is low , so it can be said that it is an oxide semiconductor having stable characteristics . .

[0273] Furthermore, this is not limited to the semiconductor characteristics and electrical characteristics (electric field) of the transistor as needed. A suitable composition should be used depending on the effective mobility, threshold voltage, etc. To obtain the semiconductor characteristics of the transistor, the carrier density and impurity concentration of the semiconductor layer, and the absence It is preferable to set appropriate values ​​for depression density, the atomic ratio of metal elements to oxygen, interatomic distance, density, etc. It's nice.

[0274] In oxide semiconductors that constitute semiconductor layers, silicon and carbon are among the Group 14 elements. When present, oxygen vacancies increase in the semiconductor layer, causing it to become n-type. The concentrations of silicon and carbon in the body layer (concentrations obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry) are, ×10 18 atoms / cm 3 The following is preferably 2 × 10 17 atoms / cm 3 The following and do.

[0275] Furthermore, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, when combined with oxide semiconductors, release carriers. This can sometimes generate a small amount of material, which can increase the transistor's off-current. Alkali metals or alkaline earth metals obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry in the conductive layer The concentration of the genus is 1 × 10 18 atoms / cm 3 The following is preferably 2 × 10 16 atoms / cm 3 Do the following:

[0276] Furthermore, if nitrogen is present in the oxide semiconductor that makes up the semiconductor layer, the electrons, which are carriers, This occurs, increasing carrier density and making it more likely to become n-type. As a result, nitrogen-containing oxides are produced. Transistors using semiconductors tend to have normally-on characteristics. Therefore, the nitrogen concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry in the semiconductor layer should be 5 × 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, which is preferable.

[0277] Also, the semiconductor layer may have, for example, a non-single crystal structure. The non-single crystal structure includes, for example, CAAC-OS (C-Axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor, or C-Axis Aligned and A-B-plane Anchored Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor) having crystals aligned along the c-axis, a polycrystalline structure, a microcrystalline structure, or an amorphous structure. Among non-single crystal structures, the amorphous structure has the highest density of defect levels, and CAAC-OS has the lowest density of defect levels. ine Oxide Semiconductor、または、C-Axis Align ed and A-B-plane Anchored Crystalline Ox ide Semiconductor)、多結晶構造、微結晶構造、または非晶質構造を 含む。非単結晶構造において、非晶質構造は最も欠陥準位密度が高く、CAAC-OSは 最も欠陥準位密度が低い。 最も欠陥準位密度が低い。

[0278] An oxide semiconductor film with an amorphous structure has, for example, a disordered atomic arrangement and no crystal components. Or, an oxide film with an amorphous structure is, for example, a completely amorphous structure and has no crystal parts. い。または、非晶質構造の酸化物膜は、例えば、完全な非晶質構造であり、結晶部を有さ ない。

[0279] Note that the semiconductor layer may be a mixed film having two or more of an amorphous structure region, a microcrystalline structure region, a polycrystalline structure region, a CAAC-OS region, and a single crystal structure region. The mixed film may have, for example, a single layer structure or a laminated structure including any two or more of the above-described regions. C-OSの領域、単結晶構造の領域のうち、二種以上を有する混合膜であってもよい。混 合膜は、例えば上述した領域のうち、いずれか二種以上の領域を含む単層構造、または積 層構造を有する場合がある。

[0280] <CAC-OSの構成> Hereinafter, CAC (C It should be noted that there are some Japanese parts in the original text that seem not to be fully translated in the expected way in the provided translation result. You may need to double-check and correct as necessary to ensure the accuracy of the translation for the patent text.This document describes the configuration of a loud-Aligned Composite (Loud) OS.

[0281] CAC-OS refers to, for example, an oxide semiconductor in which the elements constituting the semiconductor are between 0.5 nm and 10 nm. Preferably, the material is unevenly distributed with a size of 1 nm to 2 nm or near that size. This is the composition. In the following, in oxide semiconductors, one or more metal elements The elements are unevenly distributed, and the region containing the metal element is 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm. A mixture of particles between 1 / 2nm and 2nm in size, or near that size, is described as a mosaic or patch. It is also called a form.

[0282] Furthermore, the oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium, particularly indium. It is preferable that it also contains aluminum, gallium, and zinc. Beryllium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, Germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium , one or more types selected from tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium It may be included.

[0283] For example, CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide (In- Ga-Zn oxide may also be specifically referred to as CAC-IGZO. ) is indium oxide (hereinafter referred to as InO X1 (Let X1 be a real number greater than 0.) ) or indium zinc Oxides (hereinafter, In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 (X2, Y2, and Z2 are real numbers greater than 0) ) and gallium oxide (hereinafter referred to as GaO X3(Let X3 be a real number greater than 0) ) or gallium zinc oxide (hereinafter referred to as Ga X4 Zn Y4 O Z4 (X4, Y4, oyo Let Z4 be a real number greater than 0. The material separates into parts, creating a mosaic pattern. Ino X1 , or In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 However, it is uniformly distributed within the membrane. This configuration (hereinafter also referred to as cloud-based) is as follows.

[0284] In other words, CAC-OS is GaO X3 The region in which is the main component, and In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 A composite oxide semiconductor having a structure in which a region is the main component and a region is mixed. It is a body. In this specification, for example, the number of atoms of In relative to element M in the first region. The first region indicates that the ratio is greater than the atomic ratio of In to element M in the second region. Assume that the concentration of In is higher in this region compared to the second region.

[0285] Note that IGZO is a common name and refers to a single compound composed of In, Ga, Zn, and O. There are cases where this occurs. A typical example is InGaO3(ZnO). m1 (m1 is a natural number), or In (1+x0) Ga (1-x0) O3(ZnO) m0 (-1≦x0≦1, m0 is any number) Examples of crystalline compounds are shown.

[0286] The above-mentioned crystalline compounds have a single-crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC structure. CAAC structure refers to a structure in which multiple IGZO nanocrystals have c-axis orientation and ab-plane orientation This is a crystal structure in which the elements are linked without orientation.

[0287] On the other hand, CAC-OS relates to the material composition of oxide semiconductors. CAC-OS is In, In a material composition containing Ga, Zn, and O, a portion of the material is in the form of nanoparticles with Ga as the main component. The observed region and the region observed as nanoparticles mainly composed of In are, This refers to a configuration that is randomly distributed in a mosaic-like manner. Therefore, in CAC-OS Crystal structure is a secondary factor.

[0288] Furthermore, CAC-OS does not include a layered structure of two or more films with different compositions. For example, a structure consisting of two layers, one with In as the main component and the other with Ga as the main component, includes No.

[0289] Note that GaO X3 The region in which is the main component, and In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 In some cases, a clear boundary may not be observable in a region where [this component] is the main component.

[0290] Note that aluminum, yttrium, copper, vanadium, and beryllium can be used instead of gallium. Molybdenum, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum N, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium If one or more species selected from Nesium etc. are included, CAC-OS will The region is observed to be in the form of nanoparticles mainly composed of the metal element, and the portion is mainly composed of In. The regions observed as nanoparticles are randomly dispersed in a mosaic-like manner. It refers to.

[0291] CAC-OS is a material that can be molded by sputtering, for example, under conditions where the substrate is not intentionally heated. This can be achieved. Also, when forming CAC-OS by sputtering, the deposition gas The gases selected are inert gases (typically argon), oxygen gas, and nitrogen gas. You may use one or more of them. Also, the acid in relation to the total flow rate of the film deposition gas during film formation. A lower flow rate ratio of the elemental gas is preferable; for example, a flow rate ratio of oxygen gas of 0% or more and less than 30% is preferable. It is preferable that the percentage be between 0% and 10%.

[0292] CAC-OS is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement method When measured using one method, the Out-of-Plane method with a θ / 2θ scan: It is characterized by the absence of a clear peak. In other words, from X-ray diffraction, the measurement area It can be seen that there is no orientation in the ab-plane direction or the c-axis direction of the region.

[0293] Furthermore, CAC-OS uses an electron beam with a probe diameter of 1 nm (also called a nanobeam electron beam). In the electron diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation, a ring-shaped region of high brightness is observed, Multiple bright spots are observed in the ring region. Therefore, from the electron diffraction pattern, CAC - The crystal structure of OS is non-oriented in both the planar and cross-sectional directions. It can be seen that it has a no-crystal structure.

[0294] Furthermore, for example, in CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX: Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry) GaO X3The main component is Region and In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 Regions where it is the main component are unevenly distributed and mixed. It can be confirmed that it has a combined structure.

[0295] CAC-OS has a different structure from IGZO compounds in which metal elements are uniformly distributed, It has different properties from GZO compounds. In other words, CAC-OS is GaO X3 These are the main components. The region and In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 The region in which is the main component, and It exhibits phase separation, and has a mosaic-like structure in which regions composed primarily of each element are arranged.

[0296] Here, In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 The region in which is the main component is GaO X This region has higher conductivity compared to regions where 3 is the main component. X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 As the carrier flows through the region where acid is the main component, Conductivity as a semiconductor is exhibited. Therefore, In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 , or I nO X1 Regions where this is the main component are distributed in a cloud-like manner within the oxide semiconductor, resulting in high electricity The field effect mobility (μ) can be realized.

[0297] On the other hand, GaO X3 Regions in which these are the main components are In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2、 or InO X1 is a region with higher insulation compared to the region where it is the main component. That is, GaO X3 and so on When the region where it is the main component is distributed in the oxide semiconductor, the leakage current can be suppressed, and a good switching operation can be realized.

[0298] Therefore, when CAC-OS is used in a semiconductor device, the insulation X3 caused by, for example, GaO and the conductivity caused by In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 、 or InO X1 act complementarily to achieve a high on-current (I on ) and a high field-effect mobility (μ). This can be achieved.

[0299] In addition, the semiconductor device using CAC-OS has high reliability. Therefore, CAC-OS is optimal for various semiconductor devices including displays.

[0300] Alternatively, silicon may be used for the semiconductor in which the channel of the transistor is formed. Sil icon may be amorphous silicon, but it is particularly preferable to use crystalline silicon . For example, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, single-crystalline silicon, etc. are preferably used . In particular, polycrystalline silicon can be formed at a lower temperature compared to single-crystalline silicon and has a higher field-effect mobility and higher reliability compared to amorphous silicon.

[0301] The bottom-gate structure transistor exemplified in this embodiment is preferable because the manufacturing process can be reduced . Also, by using amorphous silicon at this time, compared to polycrystalline silicon Because it can be formed at low temperatures, it can be used as a material for wiring and electrodes in layers below the semiconductor layer, and as a substrate material, and is resistant to Because it is possible to use materials with low heat properties, the range of material choices can be broadened. For example This allows for the use of extremely large-area glass substrates, etc. On the other hand, top gate type Because transistors tend to form impurity regions in a self-aligning manner, variations in characteristics can occur. This is preferable because it can reduce the amount of silicon. In particular, polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon This is suitable when using [a specific method / tool].

[0302] [Conductive layer] In addition to the gate, source, and drain of a transistor, various wiring components make up a display device. Materials that can be used for conductive layers such as electrodes include aluminum, titanium, and chromium. Molybdenum, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, or tungsten. Examples include metals such as sten, or alloys in which these are the main component. The film containing the material can be used as a single layer or as a multilayer structure. For example, silicon A single-layer structure containing an aluminum film, a double-layer structure in which an aluminum film is laminated on a titanium film, and tan A two-layer structure consisting of an aluminum film laminated on a gusten film, and a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy. A two-layer structure with a copper film laminated on a gold film, a two-layer structure with a copper film laminated on a titanium film, tungsten A two-layer structure with a copper film laminated on top of a film, a titanium film or titanium nitride film, and an aluminum film layered on top of that. A three-layer structure is formed by laminating a titanium film or copper film, and then forming a titanium film or titanium nitride film on top of it. A layered structure, a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film, with an aluminum film or layered on top thereof. A three-layer structure in which copper films are stacked, and then a molybdenum film or molybdenum nitride film is formed on top of them. These include, for example. Furthermore, oxides such as indium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may also be used. Furthermore, using copper containing manganese is preferable because it improves the controllability of the shape through etching. .

[0303] Furthermore, examples of conductive materials that are translucent include indium oxide, indium tin oxide, and Conductive oxides such as zinc oxide, zinc oxide, and zinc oxide with added gallium or Graphene can be used. Alternatively, gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, and t Examples include sten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium. Metal materials or alloy materials containing such metal materials can be used. Alternatively, the nitrogen of the metal material can be used. Metallic compounds (e.g., titanium nitride) may also be used. When using these nitrides, they should be thinned to a degree that allows light to pass through. A laminated film of materials can be used as a conductive layer. For example, an alloy of silver and magnesium and an ink Using a multilayer film of tungsten oxide is preferable because it can improve conductivity. These include conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes that constitute the display device, and conductive elements of the display element. It can also be used as an electrochemical layer (a conductive layer that functions as a pixel electrode or common electrode).

[0304] [Insulating layer] Examples of insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include acrylic, epoxy, etc. In addition to resins and resins containing siloxane bonds, silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, and silicon nitride oxide are also used. Inorganic insulating materials such as silicon nitride and aluminum oxide can also be used.

[0305] Furthermore, it is preferable that the light-emitting element is provided between a pair of insulating films with low water permeability. This can suppress the intrusion of impurities such as water into the light-emitting element and reduce the degradation of the reliability of the device. This can be suppressed.

[0306] Examples of the low-permeability insulating film include films containing nitrogen and silicon such as a silicon nitride film and a silicon oxynitride film, and films containing nitrogen and aluminum such as an aluminum nitride film. Further, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like may be used. For example, the water vapor transmission rate of the low-permeability insulating film is 1 × 10

[0307] [g / (m -5 ·day)] or less, preferably 1 × 10 2 [g / (m ·day)] or less, more preferably 1 × 1 -6 [g / (m 2 ·day)] or less, still more preferably 1 × 1 0 -7 [g / (m 2 ·day)] or less, and even more preferably 1 × 10 -8 [g / (m 2 ·d ay)] or less.

[0308] 〔Liquid crystal element〕 As the liquid crystal element, for example, a liquid crystal element to which a vertical alignment (VA: Vertical Alignment) mode is applied can be used. As the vertical alignment mode, an MVA ( Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA ( Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, an ASV (Advanced Super View) mode, or the like can be used.

[0309] Further, as the liquid crystal element, a liquid crystal element to which various modes are applied can be used. For example, in addition to the VA mode, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In -Plane-Switching) mode, FFS (Fringe Field Switch) itching) mode, ASM(Axially Symmetric aligne) d Micro-cell) mode, OCB (Optically Compensated) (ed Birefringence) mode, FLC (Ferroelectric L iquix Crystal mode, AFLC (AntiFerroelectric) Liquid crystal elements with modes such as Liquid Crystal applied can be used. .

[0310] Furthermore, liquid crystal elements control the transmission or non-transmission of light through the optical modulation effect of liquid crystals. It is a child. Furthermore, the optical modulation effect of liquid crystals is due to the electric field acting on the liquid crystal (horizontal electric field, vertical electric field) It is controlled by an electric field (including an electric field in an oblique direction). Note that the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal element and Examples include thermotropic liquid crystals, low molecular weight liquid crystals, polymer liquid crystals, and polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC). :Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), ferroelectric liquid Crystals, antiferroelectric liquid crystals, etc., can be used. Depending on the conditions, these liquid crystal materials can be cored. It exhibits phases such as the tellic phase, smectic phase, cubic phase, chiral nematic phase, and isotropic phase. .

[0311] Furthermore, either positive-type or negative-type liquid crystals may be used as the liquid crystal material. The optimal liquid crystal material should be used depending on the mode and design to be applied.

[0312] Furthermore, an alignment film can be provided to control the orientation of the liquid crystal. If adopted, a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase without an alignment layer may be used. The blue phase is the liquid crystal phase. One such example is when a cholesteric liquid crystal is heated, and it transitions from the cholesteric phase to the isotropic phase. This phase appears just before transfer. The blue phase only appears within a narrow temperature range. To improve the properties, a liquid crystal composition containing several weight percent or more of a chiral agent is used in the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and optical isotropy. It is a property. Furthermore, a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent is an alignment treatment. It is essential and has low viewing angle dependence. Also, since an alignment layer is not required, rubbing treatment is not necessary. As this is essential, it can prevent electrostatic discharge damage caused by rubbing, and This can reduce defects and damage to liquid crystal display devices during the manufacturing process.

[0313] Furthermore, the liquid crystal elements include transmissive liquid crystal elements, reflective liquid crystal elements, or semi-transmissive liquid crystal elements. Elements and the like can be used.

[0314] In one aspect of the present invention, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used in particular.

[0315] When using transmissive or semi-transmissive liquid crystal elements, two polarizing elements are placed so as to sandwich a pair of substrates. A plate is provided. Furthermore, a backlight is provided outside the polarizing plate. As for the backlight, It can be a direct-lit backlight or an edge-lit backlight. Direct-lit backlight equipped with LED (Light Emitting Diode). Using this method makes local dimming easier and allows you to increase contrast. It is preferable. Also, if edge-lit backlights are used, the module including the backlights This is preferable because it allows for a reduction in the thickness of the rubbing.

[0316] When using reflective liquid crystal elements, a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. In addition, Placing a light diffuser on the display side is preferable because it improves visibility.

[0317] Furthermore, when using reflective or semi-transmissive liquid crystal elements, fluorocarbons are placed outside the polarizing plate. Trilights may be provided. For the front lights, edge-light type front lights may be used. It is preferable to use an LED (Light Emitting Diode). Using a front light is preferable because it reduces power consumption.

[0318] [Light-emitting element] As the light-emitting element, a self-emitting element can be used, and by current or voltage This category includes elements whose brightness is controlled. For example, LEDs, organic EL elements, inorganic EL elements. Inductors and the like can be used.

[0319] Light-emitting devices include top-emission type, bottom-emission type, and dual-emission type. These are some examples. A conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode that extracts light. It is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects visible light on the electrode that is not removed.

[0320] The EL layer has at least an emissive layer. The EL layer has layers other than the emissive layer, such as hole injection layers. High-performance materials, materials with high hole transport, hole-blocking materials, materials with high electron transport, electron injection Materials with high electron transport or bipolar materials (materials with high electron and hole transport properties), etc. It may further have layers containing [the specified element].

[0321] The EL layer can use either low-molecular-weight compounds or high-molecular-weight compounds, and mineralization It may contain composites. Each layer constituting the EL layer is made by a vapor deposition method (including vacuum deposition). ), can be formed by methods such as transfer, printing, inkjet, and coating.

[0322] When a voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light-emitting element is applied between the cathode and anode, the EL layer on the anode side... Holes are injected from the cathode side, and electrons are injected from the cathode side. The injected electrons and holes are in the EL layer. They recombine, and the light-emitting material contained in the EL layer emits light.

[0323] When using a white light-emitting element as the light-emitting element, two or more types of light-emitting elements are used in the EL layer. It is preferable to have a composition that includes substances. For example, the emission of light from two or more light-emitting substances is related to the complementary color White light emission can be obtained by selecting a light-emitting material that acts in conjunction with the light-emitting material. For example, These are light-emitting substances that exhibit light emission in the following colors: R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), O (orange), etc. Or, among luminescent materials that exhibit emission containing two or more spectral components of R, G, and B, It is preferable that it contains 2 or more. Also, the spectrum of emission from the light-emitting element is in the visible light region. A light-emitting element having two or more peaks within a wavelength range (e.g., 350 nm to 750 nm) It is preferable to apply it. Also, the emission spectrum of a material having a peak in the yellow wavelength region. Preferably, the material has spectral components in the green and red wavelength regions.

[0324] The EL layer includes an emissive layer containing an emissive material that emits one color, and an emissive material that emits another color. It is preferable to have a structure in which multiple light-emitting layers are stacked. For example, multiple light-emitting layers in the EL layer The layers may be stacked in contact with each other, or they may be separated by regions that do not contain any light-emitting material. They may be laminated. For example, between the fluorescent emitting layer and the phosphorescent emitting layer, the fluorescent emitting layer or It contains the same material as the phosphorescent layer (e.g., host material, assist material), and either emission The configuration may also include a region that does not contain any optical material. This makes it easier to fabricate the light-emitting element. This also results in a reduction in the drive voltage.

[0325] Furthermore, the light-emitting element may be a single element having one EL layer, or it may have multiple EL layers These may be tandem elements stacked with charge generation layers in between.

[0326] Examples of conductive films that transmit visible light include indium oxide, indium tin oxide, and indium It can be formed using zinc oxide, zinc oxide, or zinc oxide with added gallium. Also, gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum Metal materials such as iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, and materials containing these metal materials. Alloys, or nitrides of these metallic materials (e.g., titanium nitride), also possess a degree of transparency. It can be used by forming it in a thin layer. Furthermore, the laminated film of the above material can be used as a conductive layer. This is possible. For example, a multilayer film of a silver-magnesium alloy and indium tin oxide. Using it is preferable because it can improve conductivity. Alternatively, graphene or the like may also be used. stomach.

[0327] Conductive films that reflect visible light include, for example, aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, nickel, and tungsten. Metal materials such as stainless steel, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, Alternatively, alloys containing these metal materials can be used. It may also contain additives such as nitrate, neodymium, or germanium. Furthermore, titanium and nickel may also be added. You may also use an alloy containing kel or neodymium and aluminum (aluminum alloy). Alternatively, an alloy containing copper, palladium, magnesium, and silver may be used. Gold is preferred because of its high heat resistance. Furthermore, an aluminum film or aluminum alloy film By layering a metal film or metal oxide film in contact with it, oxidation can be suppressed. Examples of materials for such metal films and metal oxide films include titanium and titanium oxide. Alternatively, a conductive film that transmits visible light and a film made of a metal material may be laminated together. For example, silver Multilayer film of indium tin oxide, multilayer film of silver and magnesium alloy and indium tin oxide These can be used.

[0328] The electrodes can be formed using methods such as vapor deposition or sputtering. Using ejection methods such as inkjet printing, printing methods such as screen printing, or plating methods It can be formed.

[0329] Furthermore, the above-mentioned light-emitting layer, as well as materials with high hole injection potential, materials with high hole transport potential, and electricity Layers containing materials with high electron transport properties, materials with high electron injection properties, bipolar materials, etc., These include inorganic compounds such as quantum dots, and polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polypolymers). It may have a rimer, etc. For example, by using quantum dots as the light-emitting layer, the light-emitting material It can also be used as such.

[0330] Furthermore, quantum dot materials include colloidal quantum dot materials, alloy-type quantum dot materials, Core-shell type quantum dot materials, core-type quantum dot materials, etc., can be used. Materials containing elemental groups 12 and 16, 13 and 15, or 14 and 16 May be used. Alternatively, cadmium, selenium, zinc, sulfur, phosphorus, indium, tellurium, Quantum dot materials containing elements such as lead, gallium, arsenic, and aluminum may also be used.

[0331] [Adhesive layer] The adhesive layer can be a photocuring adhesive such as an UV-curing type, a reaction-curing adhesive, or a thermosetting adhesive. Various types of curing adhesives, such as anaerobic adhesives, can be used. Epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin, imi Plastic resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, E Examples include VA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin. In particular, the moisture permeability of epoxy resins, etc. Materials with low properties are preferred. A two-part resin mixture may also be used. Furthermore, adhesive sheets, etc. You may use it.

[0332] Furthermore, the above resin may contain a desiccant. For example, an alkaline earth metal oxide (acid Using substances that adsorb moisture by chemical adsorption, such as calcium carbonate or barium oxide. It is possible to remove moisture through physical adsorption, such as with zeolite or silica gel. Adsorbent substances may be used. If a desiccant is included, impurities such as moisture may enter the element. This is preferable because it can suppress the process and improve the reliability of the display panel.

[0333] Furthermore, by mixing a filler or light scattering material with a high refractive index into the above resin, light can be extracted. This can improve efficiency. For example, titanium dioxide, barium oxide, zeolite, and Aquatic plants such as ruconium can be used.

[0334] [Connection layer] As a connecting layer, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is used. (Active Film) and anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic C) You can use inductive pastels, etc.

[0335] [Colored layer] Materials that can be used for the colored layer include metal materials, resin materials, pigments, or dyes. Examples include resin materials.

[0336] [Light blocking layer] Materials that can be used as a light-shielding layer include carbon black, titanium black, Examples include metals, metal oxides, and composite oxides containing solid solutions of multiple metal oxides. Light-shielding layer This may be a film containing a resin material, or a thin film of an inorganic material such as a metal. Furthermore, a laminated film containing the material for the colored layer can be used as the light-shielding layer. For example, a film of a certain color A film containing a material used for a light-transmitting colored layer, and a material used for a colored layer that transmits light of other colors. A laminated structure with a film containing can be used. By using the same material for the colored layer and the light-shielding layer, This is preferable because it allows for the standardization of equipment and simplifies the process.

[0337] This embodiment may be appropriately combined with other embodiments described herein, at least in part. They can be implemented in combination.

[0338] (Embodiment 4) The configuration of an input / output panel according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 22 and 23. I will reveal it.

[0339] Figure 22 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an input / output panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 shows input / output This is a cross-sectional view of the pixels on the panel.

[0340] Figure 23 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an input / output panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23(A) Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the functional membrane of the input / output panel, and Figure 23(B) shows the input This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the unit, and Figure 23(C) illustrates the configuration of the second unit. This is a cross-sectional view, and Figure 23(D) is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the first unit.

[0341] In this specification, a variable that takes an integer value of 1 or more may be used as the sign. Example For example, (p) containing a variable p that takes an integer value of 1 or greater, can be any of its up to p constituent elements. It may be used as part of the code to specify something. Also, for example, a variable m that takes an integer value of 1 or more. And (m,n) containing the variable n is a code that identifies any of the up to m × n components It may be used in some cases.

[0342] The input / output panel 700TP3 described in this configuration example has pixels 702(i,j) (Figure (See 22). Also, the input / output panel 700TP3 has a first unit 501 and a second unit It has a 502, an input unit 503, and a functional film 770P (see Figure 23). Unit 1 501 includes a functional layer 520, and Unit 2 502 includes a functional layer 720. .

[0343] [Pixel 702 (i,j)] Pixel 702(i,j) is part of the functional layer 520 and the first display element 750(i,j), It has a second display element 550(i,j) (see Figure 22).

[0344] The functional layer 520 consists of a first conductive film, a second conductive film, an insulating film 501C, and a pixel circuit 530. (i,j) is included. Note that the pixel circuit 530(i,j), which is not shown, is, for example, a transistor It includes TaM. Also, the functional layer 520 includes the optical element 560, the coating film 565 and the lens 580. It includes. Furthermore, the functional layer 520 comprises insulating film 528 and insulating film 521. Insulating film 52 A material formed by laminating 1A and insulating film 521B can be used as the insulating film 521.

[0345] For example, using a material with a refractive index near 1.55 for insulating film 521A or insulating film 521B This can be done. Alternatively, a material with a refractive index near 1.6 can be used in insulating film 521A or insulating film 521B. It can be used. Alternatively, an acrylic resin or polyimide can be used as an insulating film 521A or an insulating film. It can be used for the edge film 521B.

[0346] The insulating film 501C has a region sandwiched between the first conductive film and the second conductive film, providing insulation. The membrane 501C has an opening 591A.

[0347] The first conductive film is electrically connected to the first display element 750(i,j). Specifically, It is electrically connected to the electrode 751(i,j) of the first display element 750(i,j). Electrode 751(i,j) can be used as the first conductive film.

[0348] The second conductive film has a region that overlaps with the first conductive film. The second conductive film has an opening 591 At A, the first conductive film is electrically connected. For example, conductive film 512B is electrically connected to the second conductive film. It can be used as a film. The second conductive film is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530(i,j). For example, the transistor used in the switch SW1 of the pixel circuit 530(i,j) A conductive film that functions as a drain electrode or a second conductive film can be used. By the way, in the opening 591A provided in the insulating film 501C, the second conductive film is electrically connected to it. The first conductive film to be connected can be called a through-electrode.

[0349] The second display element 550(i,j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530(i,j). The second display element 550(i,j) has the function of emitting light toward the functional layer 520. Furthermore, the second display element 550(i,j) is, for example, a lens 580 or an optical element 56 It has the function of emitting light towards zero.

[0350] The second display element 550(i,j) displays the information using the first display element 750(i,j). It is positioned so that it is visible within a portion of the visible range. For example, the second display element 5 The first display element 75 has a shape that includes a region 751H that does not obstruct the light emitted by 50(i,j). It is used for electrode 751(i,j) at 0(i,j). Furthermore, the intensity of the reflected ambient light is controlled to create a picture. The direction in which ambient light enters and reflects off the first display element 750(i,j) that displays image information is indicated by a dashed line. The arrows are used to indicate this in the diagram. Also, the display using the first display element 750(i,j) is visually confirmed. In a portion of the area where it is possible, the direction in which the second display element 550(i,j) emits light is indicated by a solid arrow. This is shown in the figure using [the appropriate symbol].

[0351] As a result, in a portion of the area where the display using the first display element can be seen The display using the second display element can be visually confirmed. Alternatively, the orientation of the input / output panel, etc. The user can see the display without changing it. Alternatively, the first display element reflects The object color expressed by the light emitted by the second display element is multiplied by the light source color expressed by the light emitted by the second display element. It is possible to create a pictorial representation using object colors and light source colors. As a result, it is possible to provide a novel input / output panel that is superior in terms of convenience or reliability. .

[0352] For example, the first display element 750(i,j) has electrodes 751(i,j) and 752 It comprises a layer 753 containing liquid crystal material, and an alignment film AF1 and an alignment film AF2. Specifically, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used as the first display element 750(i,j). Cut.

[0353] For example, a transparent conductive film with a refractive index near 2.0 is used for electrode 752 or electrode 751(i,j). It is possible. Specifically, an oxide containing indium, tin, and silicon is used in electrode 752. Alternatively, it can be used for electrode 751(i,j). Or, a material with a refractive index near 1.6 can be used. It can be used as an alignment film.

[0354] For example, the second display element 550(i,j) has electrodes 551(i,j) and 552. , comprising a layer 553(j) containing a light-emitting material, and Electrode 552 is electrode 551(i,j It has a region that overlaps with ). Layer 553(j) containing the luminescent material is electrode 551(i,j) and a region sandwiched between electrodes 552. Electrode 551(i,j) has a connection portion 522 In this configuration, it is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530(i,j). Specifically, the organic EL element This can be used as the second display element 550(i,j).

[0355] For example, a transparent conductive film with a refractive index near 2.0 can be used for electrode 551(i,j). Specifically, an oxide containing indium, tin, and silicon is used for electrode 551(i,j). Alternatively, a layer 553(j) containing a luminescent material can be added to a material with a refractive index near 1.8. It can be used for this purpose.

[0356] The optical element 560 is light-transmitting, and the optical element 560 has a first region, a second region and a third region It has the domain of [this].

[0357] The first region includes a region supplied with visible light from the second display element 550(i,j), and Region 2 includes the region in contact with the coating film 565, and the third region has the function of emitting a portion of the visible light. It is equipped with the following. Furthermore, the third region has an area less than or equal to the area of ​​the region supplied with visible light in the first region. Prepare.

[0358] The coating film 565 has reflectivity to visible light, and the coating film 565 reflects a portion of the visible light. It has the function of supplying a third domain.

[0359] For example, a metal can be used as the coating film 565. Specifically, a material containing silver can be used as the coating. It can be used in film 565. For example, a material containing silver and palladium or silver and Materials containing copper, etc., can be used for the coating film 565.

[0360] [Lens 580] A material that transmits visible light can be used for lens 580. Alternatively, 1.3 to 2.5 Materials with the following refractive indices can be used for lens 580. For example, inorganic materials or Organic materials can be used in lens 580.

[0361] For example, materials containing oxides or sulfides can be used for the lens 580.

[0362] Specifically, cerium oxide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, oxide Niobium, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zinc oxide, indium and tin The lens 580 uses oxides containing indium, gallium, and zinc, etc. This is possible. Alternatively, zinc sulfide or the like can be used in lens 580.

[0363] For example, materials containing resin can be used in lens 580. Specifically, chlorine, odor Resins into which element or iodine has been introduced, resins into which heavy metal atoms have been introduced, and resins into which aromatic rings have been introduced. Resins containing lipids and sulfur can be used in lens 580. Alternatively, resin and resin can be used. A resin containing nanoparticles of a material with a higher refractive index than fat can be used in lens 580. Titanium oxide or zirconium oxide can be used as nanoparticles.

[0364] [Functional Layer 720] The functional layer 720 comprises a region sandwiched between the substrate 770 and the insulating film 501C. 720 has an insulating film 771 and a colored film CF1.

[0365] The colored film CF1 is sandwiched between the substrate 770 and the first display element 750(i,j). It has a range.

[0366] The insulating film 771 comprises a region sandwiched between the colored film CF1 and the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material. This makes it possible to flatten the unevenness caused by the thickness of the colored film CF1. Alternatively, This makes it possible to suppress the diffusion of impurities from the color film CF1, etc., to the layer 753 containing the liquid crystal material.

[0367] For example, an acrylic resin with a refractive index of around 1.55 can be used as the insulating film 771.

[0368] [Board 570, Board 770] Furthermore, the input / output panel described in this embodiment includes a substrate 570 and a substrate 770. .

[0369] Substrate 770 has an overlapping region with substrate 570. Substrate 770 has a region between it and substrate 570. It includes an area that encloses the functional layer 520.

[0370] The substrate 770 includes a region that overlaps with the first display element 750(i,j). For example, birefringence Materials with suppressed folding can be used in that area.

[0371] For example, a resin material with a refractive index near 1.5 can be used for the substrate 770.

[0372] [Joining layer 505] Furthermore, the input / output panel described in this embodiment has a bonding layer 505.

[0373] The bonding layer 505 has a region sandwiched between the functional layer 520 and the substrate 770, and the functional layer 5 It has the function of bonding 20 and substrate 770 together.

[0374] [Structure KB1, Structure KB2] Furthermore, the input / output panel described in this embodiment comprises structure KB1 and structure KB2. ru.

[0375] Structure KB1 has the function of providing a predetermined gap between the functional layer 520 and the substrate 770. Structure KB1 has an area that overlaps with area 751H, and structure KB1 is translucent. This allows the light emitted by the second display element 550(i,j) to be supplied to one side. It can then be ejected from the other side.

[0376] Furthermore, structure KB1 has an area that overlaps with optical element 560, for example, with optical element 560 Materials selected for structure KB1 are used such that the difference in refractive index between the selected material and the material used is 0.2 or less. This allows for efficient use of the light emitted by the second display element. This allows for a larger area of ​​the second display element. Alternatively, the current flowing through the organic EL element can be increased. It is possible to reduce the density.

[0377] Structure KB2 has a function to control the thickness of the polarizing layer 770PB to a predetermined thickness. Body KB2 has an area that overlaps with the second display element 550(i,j), and structure KB2 is light-transmitting It is equipped with.

[0378] Alternatively, use a material that transmits light of a predetermined color in structure KB1 or structure KB2. This allows you to use structure KB1 or structure KB2, for example, as a color filter. It is possible to use a material that transmits blue, green, or red light in structure KB1. It can also be used in the structure KB2. Furthermore, it is a material that transmits yellow light or white light, etc. The material can be used in structure KB1 or structure KB2.

[0379] Specifically, polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate A combination of resins such as polysiloxane or acrylic resin, or a combination of resins selected from these. Composite materials can be used in structure KB1 or structure KB2. Furthermore, photosensitive properties It may be formed using materials that possess the properties of the material.

[0380] For example, an acrylic resin with a refractive index near 1.5 can be used for the structure KB1. Acrylic resin with a refractive index of around 1.55 can be used in the structure KB2.

[0381] [Input Unit 503] The input unit 503 is equipped with a detection element. The detection element is located in an area that overlaps with pixel 702(i,j). It has a function to detect objects approaching the area. This allows it to detect fingers or other objects that are brought close to the display. It can be used as an interface to input location information.

[0382] For example, capacitive proximity sensors, electromagnetic induction proximity sensors, optical proximity sensors, A resistive proximity sensor or a surface acoustic wave proximity sensor, etc., is input to the input unit 503 It can be used for surface capacitance, projected capacitance, or red An external-line detection type proximity sensor can be used.

[0383] For example, a touch sensor with a refractive index near 1.6 equipped with a capacitive proximity sensor is used as the input. It can be used with knit 503.

[0384] [Functional membrane 770D, functional membrane 770P, etc.] Furthermore, the input / output panel 700TP3 described in this embodiment includes a functional film 770D and a functional film It has 770P and

[0385] The functional film 770D has a region that overlaps with the first display element 750(i,j). 0D includes a region that sandwiches the first display element 750(i,j) between it and the functional layer 520.

[0386] For example, a light-diffusing film can be used in the functional film 770D. Specifically, the substrate A material having a columnar structure with axes aligned in a direction intersecting the surface is used for the functional film 770D. This allows light to be more easily transmitted in the direction along the axis and more easily scattered in other directions. This is possible. Alternatively, for example, the light reflected by the first display element 750(i,j) can be amplified. It can be dispersed.

[0387] The functional film 770P is a polarizing layer 770PB, a phase difference film 770PA, or a structure KB2. The polarizing layer 770PB has an opening, and the phase difference film 770PA has a polarizing layer 770 It includes an area that overlaps with PB. Note that structure KB2 is installed in the opening.

[0388] For example, dichroic dyes, liquid crystal materials, and resins can be used in the polarizing layer 770PB. The polarizing layer 770PB possesses polarizing properties. This allows the use of the functional film 770P as a polarizer. It is possible.

[0389] The polarizing layer 770PB has a region that overlaps with the first display element 750(i,j), and the structure KB 2 has an area that overlaps with the second display element 550(i,j). This allows the liquid crystal element to be the second It can be used as the first display element. For example, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used as the first display element. This is possible. Alternatively, the light emitted by the second display element can be efficiently extracted. Alternatively, the current density flowing through the organic EL element can be reduced. This can increase its reliability.

[0390] For example, an anti-reflective film, polarizing film, or phase difference film can be used in the functional film 770P. It is possible to have a film containing a dichroic dye and a phase difference film as a functional film 77. It can be used for 0P.

[0391] In addition, it has an antistatic coating to suppress the adhesion of dust, a water-repellent coating to make it difficult for dirt to adhere, and for use A hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches can be used on the functional film 770P.

[0392] For example, a material with a refractive index near 1.6 can be used in a diffusion film. Materials near 1.6 can be used in the phase difference film 770PA.

[0393] This embodiment may be appropriately combined with other embodiments described herein, at least in part. They can be implemented in combination.

[0394] (Embodiment 5) This embodiment describes a display module applicable to an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention. I will reveal it.

[0395] The display module 6000 shown in Figure 24(A) consists of an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 60 Between 02 and FPC6005 are the display panel 6006, frame 6009, and It has a lint substrate 6010 and a battery 6011.

[0396] For example, a display device manufactured using one aspect of the present invention may be used as a display panel 6006. This allows for the production of display modules with a high yield.

[0397] The upper cover 6001 and lower cover 6002 are sized to match the display panel 6006. The shape and dimensions can be changed as needed.

[0398] Alternatively, a touch panel may be provided on top of the display panel 6006. This involves superimposing a resistive or capacitive touch panel onto the display panel 6006. It is possible to also provide a touch panel without a touch panel, on the display panel 6006. It is also possible to give it abilities.

[0399] Frame 6009 provides protection for the display panel 6006, as well as the movement of the printed circuit board 6010. It has the function of an electromagnetic shield to block electromagnetic waves generated by the operation. The 6009 may also function as a heat sink.

[0400] Printed circuit board 6010 is a power supply circuit and a signal for outputting video signals and clock signals. It has a power processing circuit. The power supply that provides power to the power supply circuit is an external commercial power supply. Alternatively, a separate battery 6011 may be used as the power source. This can be omitted when using commercial power.

[0401] Furthermore, the display module 6000 includes components such as polarizing plates, phase difference plates, and prism sheets. They may also be provided.

[0402] Figure 24(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display module 6000 equipped with an optical touch sensor. That is the case.

[0403] The display module 6000 includes a light-emitting section 6015 and a receiver provided on the printed circuit board 6010. It has a light-emitting section 6016. It is also surrounded by an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 6002. The region has a pair of light guides (light guide 6017a, light guide 6017b).

[0404] The display panel 6006 connects to the printed circuit board 6010 and battery via the frame 6009. It is installed overlapping with Ri 6011. The display panel 6006 and frame 6009 are light guides. 6017a is fixed to the light guide section 6017b.

[0405] Light 6018 emitted from the light-emitting unit 6015 is directed by the light guide unit 6017a to the display panel 60 It passes through the upper part of 06, through the light guide part 6017b, and reaches the light receiving part 6016. For example, a finger or When light 6018 is blocked by an object being detected, such as a tyrus, touch operation is detected. It is possible.

[0406] Multiple light-emitting units 6015 are provided, for example, along two adjacent sides of the display panel 6006. Multiple light-receiving units 6016 are provided at positions opposite to the light-emitting unit 6015. This allows for... Information about the location where the switch operation was performed can be obtained.

[0407] The light-emitting part 6015 can use a light source such as an LED element. In particular, the light-emitting part 6015 refers to infrared light that is invisible to the user and harmless to the user. It is preferable to use a source.

[0408] The light-receiving unit 6016 is a photoelectric element that receives light emitted by the light-emitting unit 6015 and converts it into an electrical signal. A photodiode capable of receiving infrared light can be used. can.

[0409] The light guide portion 6017a and the light guide portion 6017b are members that transmit at least light 6018. The following can be used. By using the light guide part 6017a and the light guide part 6017b, the light-emitting part 6015 and the light receiving unit 6016 can be placed below the display panel 6006, and ambient light This can prevent the light from reaching the light-receiving unit 6016 and causing the touch sensor to malfunction. In particular, visible light It is preferable to use a resin that absorbs and transmits infrared rays. This reduces the error of the touch sensor. It can suppress the movement more effectively.

[0410] This embodiment may be appropriately combined with other embodiments described herein, at least in part. They can be implemented in combination. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0411] 10 Electronic equipment 11 Control Unit 12 Arithmetic section 13 Drive unit 14 Drive Unit 20 pixel unit 21 pixels 21B Display element 21G Display Elements 21R display elements 22 pixels 22B Display element 22G Display elements 22R display element 25 light 31 Viewpoint detection unit 35 Touch Sensors 50 Adhesive layer 60 Display Systems 111 cabinets 112 cabinets 113 Hinge 114 Cameras 115 Support part 117 Insulating layer 121 Display section 122 Display section 130 Polarizing plate 131 Stylus 132 fingers 133a Orientation film 133b Alignment film 134 Colored layer 135 Colored layer 136 Light blocking layer 141a Document Information 141b Document Information 142 User-input images 143 images 143a Object 144a Outline 144b Symbol part 145 windows 146 User-input images 151 areas 161 Adhesive layer 162 Adhesive layer 191 Conductive layer 192 EL layer 193a conductive layer 193b Conductive layer 201 Transistors 201a Transistor 201b Transistor 204 Connection part 205 transistors 206 transistors 207 Connection part 208 transistors 211 Insulating layer 212 Insulating layer 213 Insulating layer 214 Insulating layer 215 Insulating layer 216 Insulating layer 217 Insulating layer 218 Insulating layer 220 Insulating layer 221 Conductive layer 222 Conductive layer 223 Conductive layer 224 Conductive layer 231 Semiconductor layer 242 Connecting Layer 243 Connectors 251 Aperture 252 Connection part 300 Display Panel 300a Display Panel 300b Display Panel 311 Electrode 311a conductive layer 311b Conductive layer 312 LCD 313 Conductive layer 340 LCD buttons 351 circuit board 360 light-emitting elements 360b light-emitting element 360g light-emitting element 360r light-emitting element 360W light-emitting element 361 circuit boards 362 Display section 362a Display 362b Display section 364 circuits 364a circuit 364b circuit 365 Wiring 366 Touch Sensors 372 FPC 373 IC 400 display device 410 pixels 451 Aperture 501 units 501C insulating film 502 units 503 Input Unit 505 Bonding layer 512B Conductive film 520 Functional Layers 521 Insulating film 521A Insulating Film 521B Insulating Film 522 Connection part 528 Insulating film 530 pixel circuit 550 display elements 551 Electrode 552 Electrode 553 Layer containing luminescent material 560 optical elements 565 Coating film 570 circuit boards 580 lens 591A opening 600 Control Unit 601 Data Processing Circuit 602 memory 603 memory 604 Control Circuit 605 Camera 606 GPS receiver 607 Data Input / Output Section 610 Display section 611 pixels 612 pixels 613 Touch Sensor 614 Light Sensor 651 pixel circuit 653 liquid crystal elements 700TP3 Input / Output Panel 702 pixels 720 Functional Layers 750 display elements 751 Electrode 751H area 752 Electrode 753 Layer containing liquid crystal material 770 circuit boards 770D functional membrane 770P functional membrane 770PA Phase Difference Film 770PB polarizing layer 771 Insulating Film 6000 Display Module 6001 Top cover 6002 Lower cover 6005 FPC 6006 Display Panel 6009 Frame 6010 Printed Circuit Board 6011 Battery 6015 Light-emitting part 6016 Light receiving section 6017a Light guiding part 6017b Light guiding part 6018 light

Claims

1. A first housing having a first display unit, A second housing having a second display unit, Control unit and An electronic device having a viewpoint detection unit, The first display unit or the second display unit has a first area that the user is looking at and a second area that is not the first area. The viewpoint detection unit calculates the position information of the first region and outputs it to the control unit. The control unit lowers the frame frequency of the second region to that of the first region. The first housing and the second housing are connected in a manner that allows them to be transformed between a folded state in which the first display unit and the second display unit overlap each other, and an open state in which the first display unit and the second display unit are exposed.

2. In claim 1, The first display unit or the second display unit has a transistor, The transistor has an oxide semiconductor in the channel formation region. electronic equipment.

Images