Road construction machinery with parallel hybrid drive system

Abstract

This invention provides a compact and efficient drive concept for road construction machinery, a method for operating road construction machinery, and a parallel hybrid drive system for road construction machinery. [Solution] The present invention relates to road construction machinery, particularly paving machinery or feeders. The road construction machinery comprises a primary drive unit 12, an electric machine 14, a transmission 13, and at least one load 16 connected to the transmission 13. The primary drive unit 12 and the electric machine 14 are also connected to the transmission 13 in particular in a force-transmitting, power-transmitting and / or energy-transmitting manner. The electric machine 14 is configured to operate as a generator and a motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to road construction machines, methods of operating road construction machines, and the use of parallel hybrid drive devices in road construction machines. The road construction machine is particularly a paving machine.

Background Art

[0002] It is known that hybrid drive devices, i.e., combinations of a primary drive device, particularly an internal combustion engine, and an electric drive device, are used in road construction machines. However, in the prior art, only the use of serial hybrid drive devices in road construction machines, particularly paving machines, is taught.

[0003] For example, a paving machine equipped with a generator supplied with electrical energy from a primary energy source is known from European Patent No. 2333158 B1. Other serial hybrid drive devices in paving machines are known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 112195730 A and German Utility Model No. 9308802 U1.

[0004] Serial hybrid drive devices have the disadvantage, inter alia, that the energy generated by the primary drive device has to be frequently converted. In addition, the primary drive device and the electric drive device or the electric generator each have to be of a sufficiently large size so that both can transmit the required rated output of the drive system.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a compact and efficient drive concept for road construction machines. This object is achieved by the road construction machine according to claim 1, the method of operating a road construction machine according to claim 11, or the use of a parallel hybrid drive device in a road construction machine according to claim 15.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a road construction machine comprises a primary drive unit, an electromechanism, a transmission, and at least one load. The at least one load is connected to the transmission, particularly to the output of the transmission. The connection between the load and the transmission is, in particular, a force-transmitting, power-transmitting, and / or energy-transmitting connection. Preferably, the connection between the load and the transmission is a force-transmitting connection. The primary drive unit and the electromechanism are connected to the transmission. The connection between the primary drive unit and the transmission is, in particular, a force-transmitting, power-transmitting, and / or energy-transmitting connection. Preferably, the connection between the primary drive unit and the transmission is a force-transmitting connection. The connection between the electromechanism and the transmission is, in particular, a force-transmitting, power-transmitting, and / or energy-transmitting connection. Preferably, the connection between the electromechanism and the transmission is a force-transmitting connection. A force-transmitting connection is understood to be a connection capable of transmitting mechanical energy, or force and / or torque, from a first component to a second component, respectively. The term "force-transmitting" can be understood to mean, in particular, that no (intermediate) conversion to electrical energy takes place. A force-transmitting connection can have multiple components, and it can also mean that force is transmitted indirectly. A force-transmitting connection can include the transient conversion of force or torque, respectively, to hydraulic energy. A power-transmitting connection can be understood to mean a connection that can transmit mechanical energy, or force and / or torque, from a first component to a second component without converting it to electrical energy.

[0007] Road construction machinery may be equipped with one or more primary drive units. Road construction machinery may be equipped with one or more electric machines. Road construction machinery may be equipped with one or more transmissions.

[0008] An electromachine is designed, formed, and / or configured to operate as both a generator and a motor. When operating as a generator, an electromachine can be configured to convert mechanical energy generated by a primary drive unit into electrical energy. When operating as a motor, an electromachine can be configured to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and in particular to use this mechanical energy to drive a transmission.

[0009] The primary drive unit and the electromechanical unit are configured, in particular, as a parallel hybrid drive unit.

[0010] Force transmission, power transmission, and / or energy transmission between the transmission and the primary drive unit can be carried out particularly mechanically and / or hydraulically. Force transmission, power transmission, and / or energy transmission between the transmission and the electromechanical unit can be carried out particularly hydraulically and / or mechanically. Force transmission, power transmission, and / or energy transmission between the load and the primary drive unit can be carried out particularly hydraulically and / or mechanically.

[0011] The mechanical energy generated by the primary drive unit is transmitted directly to the transmission and is not converted into electrical energy beforehand, for example.

[0012] The electromachine is configured to operate in particular as a motor and a generator. When operating as a generator, the electromachine can generate electrical energy from mechanical energy transmitted from the primary drive unit to the electromachine via the transmission. When operating as a motor, the electromachine can operate on electrical energy and, in particular, can drive the transmission together with the primary drive unit. This makes it possible to reduce the load on the primary drive unit or compensate for a failure of the primary drive unit. By selectively turning on the electromachine, the primary drive unit can be operated at a level close to its optimal consumption point. Furthermore, since load peaks can be compensated by turning on the electromachine, the primary drive unit can be made smaller.

[0013] This hybrid design significantly reduces fuel consumption and noise emissions.

[0014] The primary drive unit can be configured to automatically shut down when the road construction machine is stopped for paving. At least one load can be powered from a battery during paving stops. The battery will be described in more detail below.

[0015] Road construction machinery may be equipped with a screed heating system. Road construction machinery may be equipped with one or more auxiliary drive units. The screed heating system is shown as an example only and may represent different electrical loads or auxiliary drive units. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following considerations and descriptions relating to the screed heating system also apply to other electrical loads or auxiliary drive units, respectively. The screed heating system and / or other electrical loads may be supplied with energy from a battery during paving stoppages.

[0016] A transmission, in particular a transfer gear. A transmission, in particular a pump transfer gear. A transmission, in particular a pump transfer gear, is configured to transmit mechanical energy to at least one load.

[0017] Road construction machinery, in particular, includes paving machines or feeder vehicles for paving machines. Paving machines are configured to form a pavement layer from paving material.

[0018] The primary drive unit and the electromechanical unit can each be connected to the transmission directly or via a clutch, such as a hydraulic clutch and / or a friction clutch. For example, the primary drive unit can be connected directly to the transmission and the electromechanical unit can be connected to the transmission via a clutch, such as a hydraulic clutch and / or a friction clutch, or vice versa. The primary drive unit and the electromechanical unit can each be connected directly to the transmission. The primary drive unit and the electromechanical unit can each be connected to the transmission via a hydraulic clutch. In particular, force transmission, power transmission and / or energy transmission occur from the primary drive unit to the transmission via an intermediate component as may be possible. In particular, force transmission, power transmission and / or energy transmission occur from the electromechanical unit to the transmission, or from the transmission to the electromechanical unit, each via an intermediate component as may be possible. The term “direct” can be understood to mean that, in particular, no conversion to electrical energy occurs between the primary drive unit and the transmission, or between the electromechanical unit and the transmission. Any other configuration of the clutch is possible.

[0019] In this configuration, the transmission is positioned particularly between the primary drive unit and the electromechanism. The primary drive unit can be connected to the drive unit of the transmission. The electromechanism can be connected to the output of the transmission. The mechanical energy generated by the primary drive unit can be transmitted from the primary drive unit to the electromechanism via the transmission.

[0020] The electromechanical unit can be connected to the transmission directly or via a clutch, such as a hydraulic clutch and / or friction clutch. The primary drive unit can be connected to the transmission indirectly, particularly via the electromechanical unit. In this case, the electromechanical unit is configured, in particular, as a crankshaft generator. The electromechanical unit can be positioned between the primary drive unit and the transmission. The electromechanical unit can be connected to the primary drive unit.

[0021] Road construction machinery can be formed or configured such that no conversion to electrical energy occurs between the primary drive unit and the transmission. In particular, it is possible that the mechanical energy generated by the primary drive unit is not converted to electrical energy. The energy generated by the primary drive unit can be transmitted to the transmission without being converted to electrical energy along the way. The primary drive unit generates mechanical energy in particular. This mechanical energy is transmitted to the transmission in particular directly, i.e., without conversion to electrical energy. The transmission of mechanical energy from the primary drive unit to the transmission may occur via one or more intermediate components, i.e., the transmission may occur directly or indirectly. The transmission of mechanical energy from the primary drive unit to the transmission may occur via an electromechanical device, in such cases the electromechanical device is configured in particular as a crankshaft generator. The transmission of mechanical energy from the primary drive unit to the transmission may occur via a clutch, e.g., a hydraulic clutch and / or a friction clutch. The transmission of mechanical energy from the primary drive unit to the transmission may include a conversion to hydraulic energy. The transmission of mechanical energy from the primary drive unit to the transmission does not, in particular, include a conversion to electrical energy.

[0022] Road construction machinery can be formed or configured such that no conversion to electrical energy occurs between the primary drive unit and at least one load. An exception to this may be an electrical load, in which case the conversion to electrical energy is necessarily performed beforehand.

[0023] The road construction machine can be equipped with a battery, particularly a high-voltage battery. High voltage particularly means 30 volts to 1000 volts for alternating current voltage or 60 volts to 1500 volts for direct current voltage. The electric machine can be configured to charge the battery with the generated energy, particularly when operating as a generator. The electric machine can be configured to operate with the energy from the battery, particularly when operating as a motor. The battery of a road construction machine with a rated motor output of less than 200 kW can be configured to have a capacity of 10 kWh to 100 kWh.

[0024] Such a configuration can be more compact compared to the above-described configuration. Such a configuration can have an advantage in terms of installation space.

[0025] The primary drive device can mechanically drive the transmission. The mechanical energy generated by the primary drive device is transmitted to the transmission, particularly without being first converted into electrical energy. The torque or rotation generated by the primary drive device is transmitted to the transmission, particularly.

[0026] The primary drive device can particularly comprise an internal combustion engine, and can particularly consist of an internal combustion engine. The primary drive device can particularly comprise a diesel engine, and can particularly consist of a diesel engine. The primary drive device can particularly comprise a gasoline engine, and can particularly consist of a gasoline engine. The primary drive device can particularly comprise a hydrogen engine, and can particularly consist of a hydrogen engine. The primary drive device can particularly comprise a gas engine, and can particularly consist of a gas engine.

[0027] The electric machine can be an electromagnetic converter, for example, a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PSM). The electromagnetic converter can be a permanent magnet synchronous machine, an asynchronous machine, a reluctance machine, an externally excited synchronous machine or a combination thereof. The permanent magnet synchronous machine can be connected to the output of the transmission. The transmission can be arranged between the permanent magnet synchronous machine and the primary drive device. The permanent magnet synchronous machine can operate as a generator using mechanical energy generated by the primary drive device and particularly transmitted to the permanent magnet synchronous machine via the transmission. The permanent magnet synchronous machine can be operated as a motor to drive the transmission.

[0028] The permanent magnet synchronous machine can be connected to the drive part of the transmission. The permanent magnet synchronous machine can be connected to the primary drive device. The permanent magnet synchronous machine can be arranged between the primary drive device and the transmission. The permanent magnet synchronous machine can represent a crankshaft generator.

[0029] The electric machine can be an externally excited synchronous machine. The externally excited synchronous machine can be arranged at the output of the transmission. The transmission can be arranged between the externally excited synchronous machine and the primary drive device. The externally excited synchronous machine can operate as a generator using mechanical energy generated by the primary drive device and particularly transmitted to the externally excited synchronous machine via the transmission. The externally excited synchronous machine can be operated as a motor to drive the transmission. During the paving state, the externally excited synchronous machine can be connected to the screed heating system, particularly to supply energy to the screed heating system. During the paving stop, the externally excited synchronous machine can be disconnected from the screed heating system.

[0030] An electromechanical device can be an asynchronous machine. An asynchronous machine can be positioned at the output of a transmission. A transmission can be positioned between the asynchronous machine and a primary drive unit. The asynchronous machine can operate as a generator using the mechanical energy generated by the primary drive unit and, in particular, transmitted to the asynchronous machine via the transmission. The asynchronous machine can also operate as a motor to drive a transmission.

[0031] An electromechanical device can be a reluctance motor. An electromechanical device can be a combination of synchronous and asynchronous machines.

[0032] At least one load may be equipped with a variable or fixed displacement pump, a travel drive, a lateral distribution device and / or a material conveying device. This pump can be connected to the output of the transmission in a manner that is particularly coupleable or switchable. Each travel drive, in particular a pump attached to the travel drive, can be connected to the output of the transmission in a manner that is particularly coupleable or switchable. Each lateral distribution device, in particular a pump attached to the lateral distribution device, can be connected to the output of the transmission in a manner that is particularly coupleable or switchable. Each pump, travel drive, lateral distribution device and / or material conveying device, or pumps attached thereto, can be connected to the transmission at different points on the transmission. The pumps described above are in particular hydraulic pumps. Hydraulic pumps are in particular configured to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.

[0033] Hydraulic pumps and motors may include variable or fixed displacement types. In variable displacement pumps, the flow of power to the hydraulic motor connected to the pump can be interrupted, for example, by tilting and returning the pump, without requiring a mechanical coupling.

[0034] A connectable or switchable connection between the transmission and the load, and / or by tilting and returning a variable displacement pump, makes it possible to disconnect the corresponding load from the primary drive unit or electromechanical unit.

[0035] The connection between an electromechanical machine, particularly a permanent magnet synchronous machine, and a transmission can be configured in a coupling or switching manner. A coupling or switching manner allows the electromechanical machine to be disconnected from the transmission, particularly when the electromechanical machine is not operating as either a generator or a motor, and the primary drive unit is running, in order to prevent drag losses in the electromechanical machine.

[0036] The connection between the primary drive unit, particularly the combustion engine, and the transmission can be configured in a coupling or switching manner. This makes it possible to operate road construction machinery purely electrically. Electromechanical devices, especially permanent magnet synchronous machines, are operated particularly as motors to drive the transmission.

[0037] Road construction machinery may be equipped with a DC voltage network. Batteries can be placed in the DC voltage network. Batteries can be connected to or joined to the DC voltage network. Electromachinery can be connected to or joined to the DC voltage network. Scred heating systems can be placed in the DC voltage network. Scred heating systems can be connected to or joined to the DC voltage network. A first power converter, in particular a first inverter, can be placed between the screed heating system and the DC voltage network. In addition, a first transformer can be placed between the screed heating system and the first power converter / inverter. Auxiliary drive units can be placed in the DC voltage network. Auxiliary drive units can be connected to or joined to the DC voltage network. Additional power converters, in particular additional inverters, can be placed between the auxiliary drive units and the DC voltage network.

[0038] The screed heating system of road construction machinery can be supplied with energy from an electromechanical device and / or a battery. The auxiliary drive unit of road construction machinery can be supplied with energy from an electromechanical device and / or a battery. The auxiliary drive unit and / or the screed heating system can be connected in series. The auxiliary drive unit and / or the screed heating system can each be connected in a manner that allows them to be coupled to an electromechanical device or a battery. The auxiliary drive unit and / or the screed heating system can be connected in a manner that allows them to be coupled to a DC voltage network.

[0039] An electromachine can be configured to supply energy to a DC voltage network, particularly when operating as a generator. An electromachine can be configured to operate on energy from a DC voltage network, particularly when operating as a motor. A DC voltage network can be configured to receive energy from and / or to an electromachine. A DC voltage network can be configured to receive energy from and / or to a battery.

[0040] When an electric machine operates as a generator, energy is supplied from the electric machine to the battery via a DC voltage network. When an electric machine operates as a motor, energy is supplied from the battery to the electric machine.

[0041] The battery can be directly connected to a DC voltage network.

[0042] Road construction machinery may be equipped with a first power converter, in particular a first inverter. The first power converter / inverter may be placed between the DC voltage network, in particular a battery and the screed heating system. The term "placed between" will be understood by those skilled in the art to mean, in particular, that the component in question is connected (directly or indirectly) to both adjacent components. Thus, the first power converter / inverter is connected to the DC voltage network or the battery, respectively, and also to the screed heating system. Road construction machinery may be equipped with a first transformer. The first transformer may be placed between the first power converter / inverter and the screed heating system.

[0043] The road construction machine may be equipped with a first auxiliary drive unit, in particular, which is located in or connected to a DC voltage network. The road construction machine may also be equipped with a second power converter, in particular a second inverter. The second power converter / inverter may be located between the DC voltage network, in particular a battery, and the first auxiliary drive unit. The first auxiliary drive unit may be supplied with energy from the battery and / or electromachinery.

[0044] Road construction machinery may, in particular, be equipped with a second auxiliary drive unit located in or connected to a DC voltage network. Road construction machinery may also be equipped with a third power converter, in particular a third inverter. The third power converter / inverter may be located between the DC voltage network, in particular a battery, and the second auxiliary drive unit. The second auxiliary drive unit may be supplied with energy from the battery and / or electromachinery.

[0045] Road construction machinery may be equipped with a third auxiliary drive unit located in or connected to a DC voltage network. Road construction machinery may also be equipped with a fourth power converter, in particular a fourth inverter. The fourth power converter / inverter may be located between the DC voltage network, in particular a battery, and the third auxiliary drive unit. The third auxiliary drive unit may be supplied with energy from the battery and / or electromachinery.

[0046] The first auxiliary drive unit, the second auxiliary drive unit, and / or the third auxiliary drive unit are connected in parallel, in particular.

[0047] Those skilled in the art will understand that road construction machinery can be equipped with further auxiliary drive units and, therefore, further accompanying power converters, in particular inverters. For example, road construction machinery can be equipped with four, five, six or more auxiliary drive units. The auxiliary drive units are connected in parallel, in particular. The auxiliary drive units can be supplied with energy from batteries and / or electromechanical devices.

[0048] Road construction machinery may be equipped with a first rectifier. The first rectifier can be placed between an AC voltage network, such as a public power grid, and a DC voltage network, particularly a battery. The battery can be supplied with or charged with energy from the DC voltage network. The electrical machinery can be supplied with energy from the DC voltage network, or can operate on energy from the DC voltage network. Road construction machinery can be configured to connect to an AC voltage network.

[0049] Road construction machinery can be configured to connect to charging stations, particularly DC voltage charging stations. The charging stations are specifically connected to a DC voltage network. The batteries can be charged with energy from the DC voltage network.

[0050] Road construction machinery may be equipped with bidirectional power converters. Bidirectional power converters can be placed between the DC voltage network, particularly batteries, screed heating systems, auxiliary drive units, AC voltage networks, and / or charging stations, and the electromachinery.

[0051] A bidirectional power converter can be configured to convert direct current to alternating current, particularly when an electromachine is operating as a motor. When an electromachine is operating as a motor, the bidirectional power converter is supplied with a DC voltage network, particularly a DC current from a battery, and the bidirectional power converter converts this DC current to alternating current so that the electromachine can operate with the converted alternating current.

[0052] A bidirectional power converter can be configured to convert alternating current to direct current, particularly when the electromachine is operating as a generator. When the electromachine is operating as a generator, the bidirectional power converter is supplied with alternating current from the electromachine, and the bidirectional power converter converts this alternating current to direct current so that it can be supplied to a battery, a screed heating system, and / or an auxiliary drive unit. Instead of a bidirectional power converter, it is also possible to provide two separate power converters, particularly a rectifier and an inverter.

[0053] A DC voltage network can be placed between the electromachine and the battery. A DC voltage network can be placed between the bidirectional power converter and the battery. A DC voltage network can be placed between each of the electromachine or bidirectional power converters and an AC voltage network. A DC voltage network can be placed between each of the electromachine or bidirectional power converters and a charging station. A DC voltage network can be placed between the battery and the screed heating system. A DC voltage network can be placed between the battery and one or more auxiliary drive units. A DC voltage network can connect each of the electromachine or bidirectional power converters to the battery, the screed heating system, and / or auxiliary drive units. A DC voltage network can connect the battery to each of the electromachine or bidirectional power converters, the screed heating system, and / or auxiliary drive units.

[0054] As described above, the first transformer can be placed between the DC voltage network, in particular a battery or the first inverter, and each of the screed heating systems. In this case, each of the DC voltage network or the bidirectional power converter is placed in particular between the screed heating system and the electromechanical unit. Energy is then supplied to the screed heating system, in particular via the DC voltage network. Alternatively, the screed heating system can be placed between the electromechanical unit, in particular an externally excited synchronous machine, and the DC voltage network or the bidirectional power converter. The screed heating system can be directly connected to the electromechanical unit, in particular a coupled manner. Energy, in particular alternating current, can then be supplied to the screed heating system, in particular a coupled manner, in particular when the electromechanical unit is operating as a generator, in particular a coupled manner. In this case, the first transformer can be placed between each of the electromechanical unit or the screed heating system and the bidirectional power converter. The connection between the screed heating system and the first transformer can be formed in particular a coupled manner. The connection between the electromechanical unit and the first transformer can be formed in particular a coupled manner. The connection between the electromachine and the screed heating system can be formed in a particularly coupling manner. During pavement stoppage, the electromachine can then be disconnected from either the screed heating system or the DC voltage network. The screed heating system can be either an AC heating system or a DC heating system.

[0055] Road construction machinery can be equipped with a cooling system. The cooling system is configured to cool the electromechanical components.

[0056] The battery, electromechanism, and / or cooling system can each be fully integrated into or installed on the road construction machine. The battery and / or cooling system can be configured as modules. The modules can be attached to or mounted on the road construction machine in a manner that allows them to be coupled to it. Even in the modular concept, the electromechanism can be integrated into or installed on the road construction machine.

[0057] The road construction machine may be equipped with a second transmission, in particular a second transfer gear or a second pump transfer gear. The road construction machine may be equipped with a second electric machine, in particular a motor. The second electric machine can be connected to a battery and / or the first electric machine. The second electric machine can be configured to drive the second transmission. The second transmission can be connected to an additional load. For example, the first transmission can be connected to a pump, in particular a hydraulic pump. The first transmission can be configured to drive the pump. The second transmission can be connected to the travel drive of the road construction machine. The second transmission can be configured to drive the travel drive of the road construction machine.

[0058] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for operating a road construction machine includes at least a first step and a second step. The road construction machine comprises at least one primary drive unit, at least one electromachine, and at least one transmission. In the first step, the transmission is driven by the primary drive unit. In the first step, the electromachine is operable as a generator via the transmission. In the second step, the transmission is driven by the electromachine. In the second step, the electromachine is operable as a motor. The first and second steps do not need to be performed in chronological order. The first step can be performed before the second step. The first step can be performed after the second step.

[0059] The road construction machine is configured in particular as a road construction machine according to the first aspect of the present invention. The road construction machine is in particular a paving machine or a feeder vehicle for a paving machine. In the second step, the primary drive unit is separable from the transmission.

[0060] When the electric machine is operating as a generator, the battery of the road construction machine is rechargeable, particularly in the first step. The battery is charged, in particular, with the energy generated by the electric machine. When the electric machine is operating as a motor, it is powered by energy from the battery, particularly in the second step. The energy stored in the battery during operation as a generator is used to drive the electric machine during operation as a motor.

[0061] Alternatively or additionally, the battery can be charged via a charging station, particularly a DC charging station. Alternatively or additionally, the battery can be charged via an AC voltage network, particularly a public power grid, where the AC current from the AC voltage network is first converted to a DC current using a rectifier.

[0062] The primary drive unit can also drive the transmission in the second step, i.e., when the electromechanism is operated as a motor. In the second step, the transmission is driven in particular by the primary drive unit and the electromechanism. The motor operation of the electromechanism is used in particular to compensate for load peaks. This makes it possible to make the primary drive unit smaller.

[0063] When the electromechanism is operated as a generator, or in each of the first steps, the bidirectional power converter can be used as a rectifier. In the first step, the bidirectional power converter or a separate rectifier each converts, in particular, alternating current (from the electromechanism) to direct current (for a DC voltage network or battery).

[0064] When the electromechanism is operated as a motor, or in each of the second steps, the bidirectional power converter can be used as an inverter. In the second step, the bidirectional power converter or a separate inverter each converts, in particular, a direct current (from a battery or a DC voltage network) to an alternating current (for the electromechanism).

[0065] Road construction machinery can be equipped with a load, particularly the screed heating system described above. While the road construction machinery is paving, the load can be connected to an electric machine and can receive energy from the electric machine. When the road construction machinery is not paving, the load can be disconnected from the electric machine and can receive energy from either a battery or a DC voltage network.

[0066] The method may further include the step of supplying energy to a first auxiliary drive unit, particularly via a DC voltage network. The method may further include the step of supplying energy to a second auxiliary drive unit, particularly via a DC voltage network. The method may further include the step of supplying energy to a third auxiliary drive unit, particularly via a DC voltage network. Those skilled in the art will understand that energy can also be supplied to further auxiliary drive units.

[0067] When the electromachine is operating as a generator, or in each of the first steps, the first, second and / or third auxiliary drive units (or any further auxiliary drive units) can be supplied with energy from the electromachine and / or battery. When the electromachine is operating as a motor, or in each of the second steps, the first, second and / or third auxiliary drive units (or any further auxiliary drive units) can be supplied with energy from the battery.

[0068] This method may additionally include the step of converting the DC voltage from the DC voltage network or battery, respectively, to an AC voltage so that the auxiliary drive unit and / or screed heating system can be operated with an AC voltage.

[0069] In the third step, the transmission is driveable by the primary drive unit, and the electromechanical unit is separable from the transmission. This makes it possible to prevent drag losses in particular. The first, second, and / or third steps can be performed in any order. Additional steps can be performed between the first, second, and / or third steps.

[0070] A third aspect of the present invention includes the use of a parallel hybrid drive system comprising an internal combustion engine and an electromachinery in a road construction machine. The road construction machine is in particular a paving machine. The road construction machine can be configured according to the first aspect of the present invention. The electromachinery is in particular configured to act as a motor and a generator.

[0071] A road construction machine according to the first aspect of the present invention can be used in conjunction with the method steps of the method according to the second aspect of the present invention. The method according to the second aspect of the present invention can be implemented with the road construction machine according to the first aspect of the present invention. A road construction machine according to the first aspect of the present invention can be used in accordance with the use of the third aspect of the present invention.

[0072] In the descriptions of the various embodiments and the accompanying claims, unless otherwise clearly indicated by the context, the singular form is understood to include the plural form, and vice versa.

[0073] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and “fourth” should be understood solely as designations for specific elements or components, and not necessarily indicating a particular order or configuration of the components or elements mentioned. For example, the presence of a fourth element does not necessarily imply the presence of a first, second, or third element, and vice versa.

[0074] Hereinafter, advantageous embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0075] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a side view of the road construction machine according to the present invention, which is a form of paving machine. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a drive system known from the prior art. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the drive system for road construction machinery according to the present invention. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the drive system for road construction machinery according to the present invention. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the drive system for road construction machinery according to the present invention. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of the drive system for road construction machinery according to the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0076] Figure 1 shows a side view of a road construction machine 1 according to the present invention, which is a form of a paving machine. The paving machine 1 is configured to form a pavement layer 2 on a roadbed 3. The paving machine 1 is equipped with a material hopper 4 at the front in the paving travel direction 100, and the paving material 6 contained therein is transported to the paving screed 7 of the paving machine 1 by a material transport device 5 in the opposite direction to the paving travel direction 100 of the paving machine 1. The material transport device 5 is located inside the chassis 8 of the paving machine 1 and first transports the paving material 6 to a lateral distribution device 9 located in front of the paving screed 7 in the paving travel direction 100. The lateral distribution device 9 is configured to distribute the paving material 6 in front of the paving screed 7 along the lateral direction that crosses the paving travel direction 100. The paving machine 1 may be equipped with a screed heating system 10 configured to heat the paving screed 7 to a predetermined temperature. The paving machine may also be equipped with a drive system 11.

[0077] A drive system 11 known from the prior art in the form of a serial hybrid drive unit 900 is schematically shown in Figure 2. The serial hybrid drive unit comprises a primary drive unit 901 in the form of an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine 901 drives a generator 902. The AC voltage generated by the generator 902 is converted to a DC voltage in a rectifier 903. The rectifier 903 is connected to a battery 905 via a DC-DC converter 904. The serial hybrid drive unit 900 further comprises an inverter 906 and an electric motor 907. The inverter 906 converts the DC voltage provided by the rectifier 903 or the battery 905 to an AC voltage, which enables the electric motor 907 to operate. A transmission 908 is connected to and driven by the electric motor 907. A load 909, for example in the form of a hydraulic pump, is placed at the output of the transmission 908 and driven by the transmission 908. In the serial hybrid drive unit shown in Figure 2, mechanical energy is initially generated by the internal combustion engine 901. Subsequently, the mechanical energy is first converted into electrical energy by the generator 902. The electrical energy is then converted back into mechanical energy by the electric motor 907 and supplied to the hydraulic pump 909 via the transmission 908. In the hydraulic pump 909, the mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy, and this hydraulic energy is then converted back into mechanical energy in the main load, such as the travel drive unit or material conveying unit of the paving machine 1.

[0078] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the drive system 11 of the road construction machine 1. The drive system 11 includes a primary drive unit 12, which is in the form of an internal combustion engine, for example, a diesel or gasoline engine. The primary drive unit 12 is connected to a transmission 13, and in particular is coupled to it in a detachable manner and configured to drive the transmission 13. The transmission 13 may be a pump transfer gear 13. An electromechanical unit 14, in particular in the form of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PSM) 15, is positioned at the output of the transmission 13. The electromechanical unit 14 is detachably coupled to the transmission 13. Furthermore, at least one load 16, in particular in the form of a hydraulic pump 17, is connected to the transmission 13 and driven through the transmission 13. The at least one load 16 may be attached to or provided for, for example, a travel drive unit or a material handling system.

[0079] The electromachine 14 is configured to operate as a generator and a motor. When operating as a generator, an alternating current is generated in the electromachine 14, in particular from the mechanical energy transmitted from the primary drive unit 12 to the electromachine 14 via the transmission 13.

[0080] Compared to a conventional serial drive system for road construction machinery 1, as shown in Figure 2, in the drive system 11 according to the present invention, the mechanical energy generated by the primary drive unit 12 is not first converted into electrical energy, but is directly supplied to the transmission 13.

[0081] The drive system 11 includes a power converter 18, which is in the form of a bidirectional power converter. Alternatively, the power converter 18 can be formed from two separate inverters and rectifiers. When the electric machine 14 is operating as a generator, the bidirectional power converter converts the AC voltage generated by the electric machine 14 into a DC voltage. A DC voltage network 20 is connected to the bidirectional power converter 18. The DC voltage network 20 connects the bidirectional power converter 18 to a battery 21 provided in the paving machine 1. When the electric machine 14 is operating as a generator, the battery 21 can be charged with energy from the electric machine 14.

[0082] A first power converter 22, which is a first inverter, is connectable to a DC voltage network 20. The first inverter 22 is connected to the screed heating system 10 of the paving machine 1 via a first transformer 23. The first inverter 22 converts the DC voltage present in the DC voltage network 20 to AC voltage. The first transformer 23 adapts the present AC voltage to the AC voltage required by the screed heating system 10.

[0083] A second power converter 24, which is a second inverter, can be connected to the DC voltage network 20. The second inverter 24 is connected to the first auxiliary drive unit 25 of the paving machine 1. The second inverter 24 converts the DC voltage present in the DC voltage network 20 into AC voltage and transmits it to the first auxiliary drive unit 25. Those skilled in the art will understand that the road construction machine 1 may be equipped with further auxiliary drive units. Two further auxiliary drive units are shown in Figure 3 as examples, as described below.

[0084] A third power converter 26, which is a third inverter, can be connected to the DC voltage network 20. The third inverter 26 is connected to the second auxiliary drive unit 27 of the paving machine 1. The third inverter 26 converts the DC voltage present in the DC voltage network 20 into AC voltage and transmits it to the second auxiliary drive unit 27.

[0085] A fourth power converter 28, in the form of a fourth inverter, is connectable to the DC voltage network 20. The fourth inverter 28 is connected to the third auxiliary drive unit 29 of the paving machine 1. The fourth inverter 28 converts the DC voltage present in the DC voltage network 20 into AC voltage and transmits it to the third auxiliary drive unit 29. Those skilled in the art will understand that the road construction machine 1 may be equipped with further additional auxiliary drive units. Depending on the required voltage type, the road construction machine 1 may also be equipped with further power converters in the form of inverters.

[0086] The screed heating system 10 and / or one or more of the auxiliary drive units 25, 27, 29 can be operated by energy from the battery 21.

[0087] The paving machine 1 may also be equipped with a rectifier 30. The rectifier 30 is configured to convert AC voltage from the AC voltage network 31, particularly from the public power grid, into DC voltage. The battery 21 can then be charged with energy from the AC voltage network 31. One or more of the screed heating system 10 and / or auxiliary drive units 25, 27, 29 can be operated with energy from the AC voltage network 31.

[0088] The paving machine 1, in particular the DC voltage network 20, can be configured to connect to a charging station 32 in the form of a DC charging station. The battery 21 can then be charged with energy from the charging station 32. The screed heating system 10 and / or one or more of the auxiliary drive units 25, 27, 29 can be operated with energy from the charging station 32.

[0089] The auxiliary drive units 25, 27, and 29 are, in particular, electric auxiliary drive units. The screed heating system 10 and the auxiliary drive units 25, 27, and 29 are connected in parallel.

[0090] When the electromachine 14 is in particular a permanent magnet synchronous machine 15 and is operated as a motor, the electromachine 14 is powered by energy from a battery 21, an AC voltage network 31, and / or a charging station 32. The electromachine 14 drives the transmission 13, in particular the pump transfer gear. This can be done in addition to or as a replacement for driving by the primary drive unit 12.

[0091] Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of the drive system 11 of the road construction machine 1 according to the present invention. The DC voltage network 20 can be configured in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 3. The transmission 13, bidirectional power converter 18, DC voltage network 20, battery 21, first power converter 22, first transformer 23, screed heating system 10, second power converter 24, first auxiliary drive unit 25, third power converter 26, second auxiliary drive unit 27, fourth power converter 28, third auxiliary drive unit 29, rectifier 30, AC voltage network 31 and / or charging station 32 (and combinations thereof) can be configured and arranged in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 3.

[0092] In contrast to the embodiment in Figure 3, the primary drive unit 12 and the electromechanism 14 in the embodiment in Figure 4 are not connected to the transmission 13 at different points. Instead of placing the electromechanism 14 at the output of the transmission 13 as in Figure 3, the electromechanism 14 is placed between the primary drive unit 12 and the transmission 13. The electromechanism 14 specifically represents a crankshaft generator. This design may offer advantages in terms of installation space. The primary drive unit 12 can be an internal combustion engine 12, as in Figure 3. The electromechanism 14 can be a permanent magnet synchronous machine 15, as in Figure 3. The electromechanism 14 in this embodiment can also operate as both a motor and a generator.

[0093] One or more loads 16, in particular one or more hydraulic pumps 17, can be configured in the same manner as in the embodiment shown in Figure 3.

[0094] Figure 5 shows a third embodiment of the drive system 11 of the road construction machine 1 according to the present invention. The DC voltage network 20 can be configured in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 3. The transmission 13, bidirectional power converter 18, DC voltage network 20, battery 21, second power converter 24, second transformer 24, first auxiliary drive unit 25, third power converter 26, second auxiliary drive unit 27, fourth power converter 28, third auxiliary drive unit 29, rectifier 30, AC voltage network 31 and / or charging station 32 (and combinations thereof) can be configured and arranged in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 3. One or more loads 16, in particular one or more hydraulic pumps 17 can be configured in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 3. The primary drive unit 12 can be an internal combustion engine 12 as in Figure 3.

[0095] In contrast to the embodiments shown in Figures 3 and 4, the electromachine 14 is an externally excited synchronous machine (FSM) 33. The FSM 33 is located at the output of the transmission 13 and connected to the transmission 13. The first transformer 23 is located between the bidirectional power converter 18 and the electromachine 14. The screed heating system 10 is directly connected to the electromachine 14. The screed heating system 10 is connected in a manner that allows it to be coupled to the electromachine 14, in particular so that it can be disconnected from the electromachine 14. The first transformer 23 is connected in a manner that allows it to be coupled to the electromachine 14, in particular so that the first transformer 23 (and thereby the DC voltage network 20) ​​can be disconnected from the electromachine 14. The screed heating system 10 is also connected in a manner that allows it to be coupled to the first transformer 23.

[0096] While the paving machine 1 is stopped, the electrical machine 14 is disconnected from the first transformer 23 (and thereby from the bidirectional power converter 18). The screed heating system 10 is then connected to the bidirectional power converter 18 via the first transformer 23. The screed heating system 10 is then supplied with energy from the battery 21.

[0097] In this embodiment, the electromachine 14, particularly the external excitation synchronous machine 33, can also be operated as a generator and a motor. However, the electromachine 14, particularly the external excitation synchronous machine 33, cannot be operated as a motor when the screed heating system 10 is active at the same time.

[0098] Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the drive system 11 of the road construction machine 1 according to the present invention, representing an evolution of the embodiments shown in Figures 3 to 5. This evolution is shown as an example based on the embodiment shown in Figure 3. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this is also applicable to the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5.

[0099] The drive system includes a fifth inverter 34 connected to a DC voltage network 20. The fifth inverter 34 converts the DC voltage present in the DC voltage network 20 to AC voltage. An electric motor 35 is connected to the fifth inverter 34 in a particularly coupleable manner. The electric motor 35 is supplied with energy from the electromechanism 14 and / or battery 21, particularly through the DC voltage network 20. Alternatively or additionally, the electric motor 35 is supplied with energy from the charging station 32 and / or AC voltage network 31, particularly through the DC voltage network 20. The electric motor 35 drives a second transmission 36. The second transmission 13 can be a pump transfer gear. The second transmission 36 can be configured equivalently to the transmission 13. The second transmission 36 can be configured differently from the transmission 13. At least one additional load 37 is placed at the output of the second transmission 36. At least one additional load 37 can be connected to the second transmission 36 in a coupleable manner. At least one load 37 can be a hydraulic pump. At least one further load 37 is supplied with energy by an electric motor 35 via a second transmission 36. Multiple further loads 37 can be connected to the second transmission 36 in a particularly coupled manner.

[0100] A fifth inverter 34, an electric motor 35, a second transmission 36, and at least one additional load 37 are specifically referred to as an electric auxiliary drive unit 38. The electric auxiliary drive unit 38 is connected to the electric machine 14 and / or battery 21 through a DC voltage network 20. The road construction machine 1 may have multiple electric auxiliary drive units 38, for example, two, three, or four electric auxiliary drive units 38. All auxiliary drive units 38 can be connected separately (in series) to the DC voltage network 20. As an example, only one electric auxiliary drive unit 38 is shown in Figure 6. Embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 5 can also be extended to include one or more electric auxiliary drive units 38.

Claims

1. Road construction machinery (1), particularly paving machinery or feeders: Primary drive unit (12); Electrical machinery (14); Transmission (13); and At least one load (16) connected to the transmission (13) Equipped with, The primary drive unit (12) and the electrical machine (14) are also connected to the transmission (13) in a manner particularly for force transmission, power transmission and / or energy transmission, in a road construction machine (1), The road construction machine (1) is characterized in that the electrical machine (14) is configured to operate as a generator and a motor.

2. The primary drive unit (12) and the electromechanical unit (14) are each connected to the transmission (13) directly or via a clutch, particularly a hydraulic clutch and / or a friction clutch, or The road construction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric machine (14) is connected to the transmission (13) directly or via a clutch, particularly a hydraulic clutch and / or a friction clutch, and the primary drive unit (12) is connected indirectly to the transmission (13) via the electric machine (14).

3. The road construction machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that no conversion to electrical energy takes place between the primary drive unit (12) and the transmission (13).

4. The road construction machine (1) is characterized in that it comprises a battery (21), particularly a high-voltage battery, and the electric machine (14) is configured to charge the battery (21) with the energy generated, and / or the electric machine (14) is configured to operate on energy from the battery (21), as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The road construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the primary drive unit (12) drives the transmission (13) mechanically and / or hydraulically.

6. The road construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the primary drive unit (12) is equipped with an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, a hydrogen engine, a gas engine, or a gasoline engine.

7. The road construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electrical machine (14) is an electrical machine converter, in particular a permanent magnet synchronous machine (15), an asynchronous machine, a reluctance machine, an external excitation synchronous machine (33), or a combination thereof.

8. The road construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one load (16) comprises a variable or fixed-displacement pump (17), a travel drive, a lateral distribution device and / or a material conveying device, which can be connected in a particularly coupleable manner to the output of the transmission (13).

9. The road construction machine (1) is further equipped with a DC voltage network (20) that supplies energy to the screed heating system (10) and / or the auxiliary drive units (25, 27, 29) of the road construction machine (1), and the DC voltage network (20) is supplied with energy from the electric machine (14) and / or the battery (21), as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The road construction machine according to claim 9, wherein the screed heating system (10) of the road construction machine (1) is located between the electric machine (14) and the DC voltage network (20), and the screed heating system (10) is connected to the electric machine (14) by a connection that is coupled in a manner that allows coupling between the electric machine (14) and the DC voltage network (20), or is directly connected to it.

11. A method for operating a road construction machine (1), wherein the road construction machine (1) comprises at least one primary drive unit (12), at least one electric machine (14), and at least one transmission (13), - In the first step, the transmission (13) is driven by the primary drive unit (12), and the electromachine (14) is operated as a generator via the transmission (13), and - In the second step, the electric machine (14) is operated as a motor, and the transmission (13) is therefore driven by the electric machine (14). How to operate road construction machinery (1).

12. When the electrical machine (14) is operated as a generator, energy is charged to the battery (21) of the road construction machine (1), and when the electrical machine (14) is operated as a motor, the electrical machine (14) A method for operating a road construction machine according to claim 11, characterized in that it is operated by energy from the battery (21).

13. A method for operating a road construction machine according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the road construction machine (1) is equipped with a load, in particular a screed heating system (10), and while the road construction machine (1) is paving, the load is connected to the electric machine (14) and supplied with energy from the electric machine (14), and while the road construction machine (1) is paving, the load is disconnected from the electric machine (14) and supplied with energy in particular from a battery (21).

14. A method for operating a road construction machine according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, in the third step, the transmission (13) is driven by the primary drive unit (12), and the electric machine (14) is separated from the transmission (13).

15. Use of a parallel hybrid drive system comprising an internal combustion engine (12) and an electric machine (14) in a road construction machine (1), particularly a paving machine (1).

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