Bed structure

Abstract

The objective is to provide a floor structure that, when multiple waterproof sheets are laid on the substrate, eliminates the need for overlapping waterproof sheets, and allows for a visually appealing finish even when a finishing material is laid on top of the waterproof sheets, while suppressing water accumulation and blistering. [Solution] The floor structure comprises a plurality of waterproof sheets laid on a substrate, strip-shaped joint members joined to the waterproof sheets along the joints of the waterproof sheets, and a finishing material laid on top of the waterproof sheets, wherein the joint members are formed with a thinner thickness at the ends than the portion corresponding to the joints of the waterproof sheets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a floor structure in which a finishing material is laid and fixed on a waterproof layer.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, when laying a waterproof sheet on the base of a rooftop, roof, veranda, balcony, etc. of buildings such as buildings, condominiums, and detached houses, it is necessary to use a plurality of waterproof sheets. For example, when laying a waterproof sheet on a rooftop to form a waterproof layer, there is a method of constructing by overlapping adjacent waterproof sheets in order to prevent water leakage at the joints of adjacent waterproof sheets. However, the step formed at the overlapping portion sometimes becomes a problem. Due to the step at the overlapping portion, the flow of rainwater is hindered, and there is a problem that water accumulates around the overlapping portion. Furthermore, there is also a problem when forming a floor structure by laying a finishing material after laying the waterproof sheet. As shown in FIG. 9 for a conventional floor structure, if the finishing material has flexibility enough to follow the step of the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet, there are problems of picking up the step of the overlapping portion, appearance, and water accumulation (FIG. 9(9-1)). When an adhesive is applied with a brush on the waterproof sheet and the finishing material is adhered, it is easy to form a lump of the adhesive due to the step of the overlapping portion, and swelling of the finishing material may occur due to the release of the volatile component from the adhesive after construction (FIG. 9(9-2)). Even when the finishing material does not have flexibility enough to follow the step of the overlapping portion, the finishing material may rattle due to the step of the overlapping portion.

[0003] Here, in order to eliminate the gap generated at the end joint of a plurality of waterproof sheets and obtain a complete waterproof effect, a joint member of a waterproof sheet used to fill the gap generated at the stepped portion of the joint of the terminal of the waterproof sheet has been proposed (Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

[0005] While using such connecting members can reduce the unevenness after the waterproofing sheet has been installed, it was insufficient to improve the appearance, prevent water accumulation, and suppress blistering of the finishing material when it is laid on top of the waterproofing sheet.

[0006] This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a floor structure in which, when multiple waterproof sheets are laid on the substrate, there is no overlap of waterproof sheets, and even when a finishing material is laid on top of the waterproof sheets, it is possible to achieve a good appearance and suppress water accumulation and blistering of the finishing material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In other words, the present invention solves the above problems and comprises a plurality of waterproof sheets laid on a substrate, a strip-shaped joint member joined to the waterproof sheets along the joints of the waterproof sheets, and a finishing material laid on the waterproof sheets, wherein the joint member is formed with a thinner thickness at its ends than the portion corresponding to the joints of the waterproof sheets, and furthermore, the joint member is inclined in a direction substantially perpendicular to the joints of the waterproof sheets. Furthermore, the substrate is provided with a slope, and at least a portion of the joints of the waterproof sheets are arranged not parallel to the slope provided on the substrate, and the ends of adjacent waterproof sheets are laid butting together or facing each other, and the joint member is laid between the substrate and the waterproof sheets. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, when multiple waterproof sheets are laid on a substrate, there is no overlap between the waterproof sheets, and even when a finishing material is laid on top of the waterproof sheets, it is possible to provide a floor structure that can suppress appearance, water accumulation, and blistering of the finishing material. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional view showing the cross-sectional shape of the joint member of the present invention. [Figure 3] Figure 2(2-1) is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a modified example of the joint member. [Figure 4] This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 7] This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of construction using the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of construction using the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional floor structure. [Figure 10] This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a renovation structure using the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 11] These are a plan view and a partial cross-sectional view showing the slope of the substrate and the arrangement of the joints of the waterproof sheet in the floor structure of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The floor structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0011] The outline of the floor structure of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The floor structure of the present invention includes a joint member 2 joined to the waterproof sheet 3 along the joint between the ends of adjacent waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 when a plurality of waterproof sheets 3 are laid and fixed on a substantially flat base 1. Further, a finishing material 4 is laid on the waterproof sheet 3 to form the floor structure. The upper surface of the floor structure of the present invention has no step, and a portion corresponding to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 is formed to be slightly higher from the base than the peripheral portion. Thereby, even when a finishing material is laid on the waterproof sheet, no step occurs, and since the floor structure has a gentle slope from the portion corresponding to the joint 8 of the waterproof sheet to the outside, problems such as appearance, water pooling, and swelling of the finishing material are solved.

[0012] Here, each member constituting the floor structure of the present invention will be described.

[0013] <Base> The base 1 can be used without particular limitation, and is applicable to concrete bases, lightweight foamed concrete bases, metal bases, wooden bases, inorganic boards, etc. such as the roofs, rooftops, verandas, terraces of buildings such as buildings, condominiums, and detached houses. It can also be applied not only to newly constructed buildings but also to the renovation of existing buildings.

[0014] Examples of the inorganic board include gypsum board, cement board, calcium silicate board, resin reinforced board, etc. Among them, a resin reinforced board in which the inorganic matter is solidified and strengthened with a thermosetting resin is more preferable because it has less warping and excellent dimensional stability. Further, the above base 1 may be surface-treated with various treatment agents, etc. For example, a base conditioner for smoothing the surface may be applied, or an existing waterproof layer may be formed by coating film waterproofing or the like.

[0015] <Joint member> The joint member 2 is a member joined to the waterproof sheet along the joint between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3. Particularly, in places where watertightness of the joint is required, it is preferably joined continuously along the joint between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3. The joint member 2 is preferably in a strip shape. The joint member 2 is formed with a reduced thickness from the portion A corresponding to the joint to the end B parallel to the portion A corresponding to the joint. Also, the joint member 2 may be a single member or may be composed of a plurality of members, but considering watertightness and durability, it is preferably a single member.

[0016] FIG. 2 shows an example of the cross-sectional shape of the joint member 2 in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the joint). Hereinafter, the details of the shape of the joint member 2 will be described using FIG. 2.

[0017] The joint member 2-1 in FIG. 2 has a cross-section that is approximately an isosceles triangle. A corresponds to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3, and the bottom surface connecting the end portions B1 and B2 on both sides becomes the surface disposed on the base side. The joint member 2-1 is formed with a reduced thickness at the end portions B (B1, B2) compared to the thickness AA' of the portion A corresponding to the joint.

[0018] The cross-section may be trapezoidal like the joint member 2-2. In this case, it is preferable that the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 corresponds to approximately the central portion on the surface connecting the end portions C1 and C2. The joint member 2-2 has the bottom surface connecting the end portions B1 and B2 on both sides as the surface disposed on the base side. The joint member 2-2 is formed with a reduced thickness at the end portions B (B1, B2) compared to the thickness AA' of the portion A corresponding to the joint.

[0019] The cross-section may be a shape combining two right triangles like the joint member 2-3. In this case, for the joint member 2-3, there are two portions A1 and A2 corresponding to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3. The bottom surface connecting the portion A2 corresponding to the joint and the end portion B2 on one side becomes the surface disposed on the base side. The joint member 2-3 is formed with a reduced thickness at the end portions B (B1, B2) compared to the thicknesses AA' (A1A'1, A2A'v2) of the portions A (A1, A2) corresponding to the joint.

[0020] The thinner the joint member 2, the smoother the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 will be, which is preferable. However, if it is too thin, the bonding strength of the joint may decrease. For this reason, the thickness of the part of the joint member 2 that corresponds to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 is preferably 0.1 mm to 10.0 mm, and more preferably 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm. The thickness of the end of the joint member 2 is preferably 0.01 mm to 1.0 mm, and more preferably 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm. If the width of the joint member is small, the workability is good, but the waterproofing may decrease. If it is large, the waterproofing is sufficient, but the workability may be poor, especially during welding work with the waterproof sheet. For this reason, the width of the joint member 2 is preferably 40 mm to 400 mm, and more preferably 50 mm to 200 mm. The length of the joint member 2 can be appropriately selected according to the construction site. For example, if it is flexible, a long roll of joint member (e.g., several tens of meters) can be cut on-site to fit the construction site.

[0021] The joint member 2 preferably has an inclination from the portion A corresponding to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 to the end portion B, and more preferably the entire joint member 2 is inclined from the portion A corresponding to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 to the end portion B. For example, in the case of joint member 2-1 in Figure 2, there is a slope from part A corresponding to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 to end B1 or end B2, and the entire section from part A corresponding to the joint to end B1 or end B2 is sloped. In the case of joint member 2-2, there is a partial slope from part A corresponding to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 to end B1 or end B2. Having such a slope in joint member 2 has the effect of making it difficult for water to accumulate at the joint of the waterproof sheet 3. Comparing joint members 2-1 and 2-2, joint member 2-1, which has an overall slope from part A corresponding to the joint to end B, is more effective in preventing water accumulation than joint member 2-2, which has a partial slope from part A corresponding to the joint to end B.

[0022] By providing an incline to the joint member 2 in this way, the thickness of portion A corresponding to the joint can be increased. This increases the joint strength of the joint (connection joint) between waterproof sheet 3-1 and waterproof sheet 3-2. Here, when waterproof sheet 3-1 and waterproof sheet 3-2 are joined by butting their ends together (for example, Figure 1), the end faces of the waterproof sheets 3 may not be sufficiently joined. However, the joint member 2 is placed at the joint (connection joint), and the surface of the joint member 2 is joined to the back surfaces of waterproof sheet 3-1 and waterproof sheet 3-2. Therefore, even if stress acts on the joint (connection joint), the joint member 2 can resist that stress. In this case, it is preferable to make portion A corresponding to the joint thicker, as this strengthens the resistance to this stress. However, if the thickness extends to end B, the step becomes larger, making it easier for water to accumulate. In contrast, by forming the end portion B thinly and providing a slope to the joint member 2, the formation of steps is avoided, making it less likely for water to accumulate, and the thickness of the portion A corresponding to the joint is greater, resulting in superior joint strength.

[0023] The inclination of the joint member 2 from portion A corresponding to the joint to end portion B is preferably 1 / 200 to 1 / 5, and more preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 20. If the slope is too shallow, the width needs to be increased to ensure sufficient thickness, which widens the contact surface with the waterproof sheet and worsens work efficiency. If the slope is too steep, when it is joined to the waterproof sheet 3, it will no longer be flat when viewed from the ground. Furthermore, it is preferable that the direction of the slope is approximately perpendicular to the linear joints that form connections between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3.

[0024] The joint members 2-1 and 2-2 in Figure 2 are mainly used at joints where the ends of the waterproof sheet 3 are joined by butting them together. When joint member 2-1 is placed on the substrate 1 as shown in Figure 1, and the ends of the waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 are joined by butting them together on top of it, a mark can be placed on the part A corresponding to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3. Figure 3 shows a modified example of joint member 2-1. Joint member 2-1a in Figure 3 is an example in which a recessed line is formed as a mark on part A corresponding to the joint, and joint member 2-1b is an example in which a straight line is drawn as a mark. The mark is not limited to these, and may also be a raised line, a dashed line, or a dotted line. By providing such a mark, the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 can be accurately aligned with part A corresponding to the joint of joint member 2, thereby increasing the effect of preventing lifting of the joint and the formation of water puddles at the joint. Furthermore, if a groove is formed as a marker, welding rods or sealants can be inserted into the groove as a joint treatment agent, resulting in a cleaner finish for the end treatment.

[0025] The joint member 2 can be made of synthetic resin, metal plate, or other materials as appropriate, and these can also be used in combination. In the case of the joint member 2 used in the present invention, examples of synthetic resins include olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, acrylic resin, styrene resin, styrene-butadiene rubber, and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. Two or more of these resins may be used in combination.

[0026] Among the synthetic resins mentioned above, vinyl chloride resins are preferably used because they offer excellent moldability and flexibility. As the vinyl chloride resin used in the joint member 2, polyvinyl chloride (a vinyl chloride homopolymer), copolymers of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, ethylene, (meth)acrylic acid ester, vinylidene chloride, etc., can be used, but polyvinyl chloride is preferred from the viewpoint of economy and processability.

[0027] Furthermore, the joint member 2 can be used in single or multi-layer configurations, and the base material can be laminated. As the base material, natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyethylene, and acrylic, and woven or nonwoven fabrics of glass fibers can be used. Among these, polyester nonwoven fabrics, glass nonwoven fabrics, and glass woven fabrics are preferred in terms of dimensional stability and processability.

[0028] The joint member 2 may consist of layers with different compositions, or layers with the same composition. Furthermore, the base material may be laminated as the bottom layer or laminated between each layer.

[0029] When synthetic resin is used for the joint member 2, plasticizers, antioxidants, lubricants, stabilizers, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, processing aids, fillers, flame retardants, pigments, etc., may be added as needed.

[0030] Suitable plasticizers include phthalate-based plasticizers such as DOP, DINP, DUP, and DOTP; adipic acid-based plasticizers such as DOA, DINA, and DIDA; polyester-based plasticizers; trimellitic acid-based plasticizers; phosphate ester-based plasticizers such as TCP and TXP; epoxy-based plasticizers such as epoxidized soybean oil; and cyclohexane-based plasticizers such as DINCH. Among these, phthalate-based plasticizers such as DOP and DINP are preferred in terms of weather resistance, durability, plasticization efficiency, compatibility, and processability.

[0031] For example, when using a vinyl chloride resin as the synthetic resin, the amount of plasticizer added is preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight, and more preferably 30 to 70 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin, from the viewpoint of processability and flexibility.

[0032] In addition, inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, talc, kaolin, mica, and magnesium silicate can be used as fillers. For example, when using a vinyl chloride resin as the synthetic resin, the amount of filler added is preferably 5 to 200 parts by weight, and more preferably 50 to 150 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin, from the viewpoint of economy, processability, and flexibility.

[0033] <Waterproof sheet> The waterproof sheet 3 used in this invention is laid and fixed on the substrate 1 in order to provide waterproofing to the floor structure. As the waterproof sheet 3, synthetic resin waterproof sheets such as vinyl chloride, olefin, acrylic, and rubber can be used. A vinyl chloride waterproof sheet is preferred in terms of ease of installation, welding properties between sheets, and adhesion to waterproof sheet fixing hardware. Waterproof sheet 3 can be made with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, but 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm is preferable for safety reasons regarding waterproof performance.

[0034] Furthermore, the waterproof sheet 3 can be used in single-layer or multi-layer configurations. In the case of multi-layer configurations, the base material can also be laminated. As the base material, natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyethylene, and acrylic, and woven or nonwoven fabrics of glass fibers can be used. Among these, polyester nonwoven fabrics, glass nonwoven fabrics, and glass woven fabrics are preferred in terms of dimensional stability and processability.

[0035] If the waterproof sheet 3 is multi-layered, each layer may be composed of a different composition or of the same composition. Furthermore, the base material may be laminated as the bottom layer or laminated between each layer. When joining the waterproof sheet 3 to the joint member 2, or when overlapping and joining two waterproof sheets 3, it is preferable that the top and bottom layers be made of thermoplastic resin layers, as this allows for solvent welding or hot air welding. For example, in the case of a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet, it is preferable to use one in which the top and bottom layers are made of vinyl chloride resin and the aforementioned base material is laminated in between. Also, if the waterproof sheet 3 is a polyvinyl chloride sheet, it is preferable to use a joint member 2 made of vinyl chloride resin.

[0036] <Finishing materials> The finishing material 4 used in this invention is laid and fixed on top of the waterproof sheet 3 in order to impart functions such as aesthetic appeal, walkability, and slip resistance to the floor structure. As the finishing material 4, floor sheets or floor tiles made of synthetic resins such as vinyl chloride, olefin, acrylic, or rubber, or plate-shaped finishing materials or protective materials made of inorganic materials such as fine-grained natural stone, porcelain, or cement can be used. The thickness of the finishing material 4 can be approximately 1.0 mm to 100 mm, preferably 1.5 mm to 50 mm, and more preferably 1.5 mm to 25 mm.

[0037] Furthermore, the finishing material 4 can be used in single or multi-layer configurations. In the case of multi-layer configurations, the base material can also be laminated. As the base material, natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyethylene, and acrylic, and woven or nonwoven fabrics of glass fibers can be used. Among these, polyester nonwoven fabrics, glass nonwoven fabrics, and glass woven fabrics are preferred in terms of dimensional stability and processability.

[0038] If the finishing material 4 is multi-layered, each layer may be composed of a different composition or of the same composition. Furthermore, the base material can be laminated as the bottom layer or laminated between each layer.

[0039] Furthermore, the finishing material 4 may have regular or irregular bumps on its surface to provide slip resistance when walking and to enhance its aesthetic appeal, and may also have a design layer such as printing on its surface. Such a finishing material 4 is suitable for use in places such as open corridors and balconies of condominiums and other buildings.

[0040] <Floor structure> The floor structure of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

[0041] Figures 1, 4 to 8 show embodiments of the floor structure of the present invention. These can be broadly classified by the method of joining the waterproof sheets 3 into two types: one in which the ends of the waterproof sheets 3 are joined together by butting them, as shown in Figures 1, 4, 5, and 7 (classification i), and another in which the ends of the waterproof sheets 3 are joined facing each other, as shown in Figures 6 and 8 (classification ii).

[0042] For the joint structure of classification i, joint members 2-1 and 2-2 shown in Figure 2 are preferably used. In the joint structure shown in Figure 1, a joint member 2-1 is used. The joint member 2-1 is fixed to the substrate 1, and the ends 3-1a and 3-2a of the waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 are butted together, with the back surfaces of the edges of the waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 fixed to the surface of the joint member 2-1. In this structure, the joint between the waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 is formed at the apex A of the cross-section of the joint member 2-1, and the finishing material 4 is laid and fixed on top of it, so no steps are created, resulting in a nearly flat floor structure. Furthermore, since the joint member 2-1 has no flat sections from the part corresponding to the joint of the waterproof sheet 3 to the end and is sloped overall, water does not accumulate on the finishing material above the joint and is drained away.

[0043] As shown in Figure 4, the joint member 2-1 may be placed on top of the waterproof sheet 3. In this case, the ends 3-1a and 3-2a of the waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 are fixed to the substrate adjacent to each other, and then the joint member 2-1 can be fixed along the joint, resulting in good workability.

[0044] In the floor structure shown in Figure 5, a joint member 2-2 with a trapezoidal cross-section is used. By joining the ends of the waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 (3-1a and 3-2b) on the flat portion of the joint member 2-2, the edges of the waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 can be joined to the joint member 2-2 in a state parallel to the substrate 1. Therefore, even if the inclination of the sloping portion of the joint member 2-2 is large, the risk of the joint between the ends of the waterproof sheets 3 opening up is considerably lower compared to the case of joint member 2-1 (Figure 1).

[0045] For floor structures of classification ii, joint members 2-3 shown in Figure 2 are preferably used. In the floor structure of Figure 6, the ends of waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 (3-1a, 3-2b) are joined to the joint member 2-3 in an opposing state without butting, with the end 3-1a of waterproof sheet 3-1 in contact with A1 of joint member 2-3, and the end 3-2a of waterproof sheet 3-2 in contact with A2 of joint member 2-3. Since the ends of waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2 are joined to the joint member 2-3 in an opposing state without butting, there is an advantage in that it is easier to align the laying position when laying the waterproof sheet 3 compared to the case of butting as in classification i. To form this floor structure, the waterproof sheet 3-1 may be fixed to the substrate first, then the joint member 2-3 may be provided along the end 3-1a of waterproof sheet 3-1, and then waterproof sheet 3-2 may be joined, or the joint member 2-3 may be fixed to the substrate first, and then joined to waterproof sheets 3-1 and 3-2.

[0046] When fixing the joint member 2 to the substrate 1, various adhesives, adhesive materials, double-sided tape, etc., can be used for bonding, or mechanical fixing using fixing plates such as fixing discs and fixing members such as screws. When bonding the joint member 2 to the substrate 1 with adhesive, the adhesive should be applied to the substrate 1 using a notched trowel in the same way as when installing a waterproof sheet, so that a comb-like pattern of adhesive (a group of multiple raised grooves of adhesive spaced apart) is formed, and after an open time, the joint member 2 should be attached. However, if the adhesive is applied and attached so that the comb-like pattern of adhesive is approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the joint member 2 (approximately parallel to the joint of the waterproof sheet), there will be no way for volatile components remaining in the adhesive to escape, which may cause the joint member 2 to lift or peel off. Therefore, when bonding the joint member 2 to the substrate 1, it is preferable to form the comb-like pattern of adhesive so that it is not parallel to the longitudinal direction of the joint member 2, and then attach the joint member 2. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the adhesive grooves are provided on the substrate 1 so as to be approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the joint member 2. Also, in cases where a rubber-based adhesive is used, the adhesive may be applied to both the substrate 1 and the back surface of the joint member 2. In such cases, it is also preferable that the adhesive grooves are provided on the substrate 1 and the back surface of the joint member 2 so as not to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the joint member 2, and it is even more preferable that the adhesive grooves are provided approximately perpendicular to it.

[0047] The joint member 2 and the waterproof sheet 3 can be fixed together using various adhesives, adhesive materials, double-sided tape, or by solvent-based liquid welding or heat welding. The finishing material 4 can be attached to the waterproof sheet 3 using various adhesives, adhesive materials, double-sided tape, etc. If the finishing material 4 is a plate-shaped finishing material or protective material made of inorganic material, it can be fixed to the substrate 1 with fixing screws, etc., or heavy finishing materials can be simply laid down.

[0048] Furthermore, the waterproof sheet 3 can be fixed to the substrate 1 by various adhesives, adhesive materials, double-sided tape, or by mechanical fixing using fixing plates such as fixing discs and fixing members such as screws. When fixing the waterproof sheet 3 to the substrate 1 in areas other than the joints (on the joint members 2) by mechanical fixing, for example, a resin-coated fixing metal disc, which has a resin layer covering the surface of a metal plate, can be placed on the substrate 1, the resin-coated fixing metal disc can be fixed to the substrate 1 with screws, and the waterproof sheet 3 can be laid on top of that and the resin layer of the resin-coated fixing metal disc and the back surface of the waterproof sheet 3 can be welded together using a hot air welding machine, solvent, or induction heating. In this case, a strip of resin-coated steel plate can also be used.

[0049] In the floor structure of the present invention, the joints 8 between waterproof sheets 3 and the joints 9 between the joint member 2 and the waterproof sheet 3 can be treated with various joint treatment agents. As joint treatment agents, synthetic resin-based liquid sealers, sealants, welding rods, etc. can be used. By treating the joints, it is possible to prevent the joints from opening or peeling after construction and to improve the watertightness of the joints. Furthermore, for joint treatment between finishing materials 4, if the finishing material 4 is a synthetic resin floor sheet or floor tile, synthetic resin-based liquid sealers, sealants, welding rods, etc. can also be used.

[0050] The floor structure of the present invention preferably has an inclination on the upper surface extending from portion D, which corresponds to the joint 8 of the waterproof sheet 3 shown in Figure 1, to portion E, which corresponds to the joint end with the joint member 2, and more preferably the entire structure is inclined from D to E. Having such an inclination in the floor structure has the effect of making it difficult for water to accumulate on the finishing material on the joint of the waterproof sheet 3, and this effect is further improved when the entire structure is inclined from D to E. The slope from D to E is preferably 1 / 200 to 1 / 5, and more preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 20.

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention can also be used when using a substrate with a slope, such as a balcony in a house. In this case, even if there are joints in the waterproof sheet 3, the joints can be formed without any steps by using the joint member 2, and thus water can be drained without creating puddles on the floor structure. The slope of the substrate may be provided in the concrete substrate itself, or an insulating material with a slope may be laid on top of the concrete substrate, etc.

[0052] Furthermore, in the floor structure of the present invention, other layers can be provided between the base 1, the waterproof sheet 3, and the joint member 2, such as an insulating board or an inorganic board.

[0053] Examples of inorganic boards include gypsum board, cement board, calcium silicate board, and resin-reinforced board. However, resin-reinforced board, which is made by solidifying and strengthening inorganic materials with a thermosetting resin, is more preferable because it has less warping and excellent dimensional stability.

[0054] Insulation boards can be made from various materials such as polystyrene foam, rigid polyurethane foam, and phenolic foam. For strength, insulation boards with kraft paper or aluminum foil laminated on both sides are preferable. Insulation boards come in thicknesses of 20mm, 25mm, 50mm, 75mm, and 100mm, and are set according to the specifications. Standard dimensions (910mm x 1820mm, 910mm x 910mm, 30mm x 50mm, etc.) are cut to size at the construction site. While the thickness of the insulation board is set according to the specifications, when thick insulation is required, it is preferable to use multiple thin sheets stacked together rather than one thick sheet, considering the effort involved in delivery, drilling, and warping. In addition, if a slope is required, sloped insulation boards can be used.

[0055] In addition, on rooftops, balconies, and open corridors, slopes are often provided to direct rainwater into drainage ditches or direct drains. In particular, in spaces with limited area, multiple slopes are provided to allow water to flow from various directions. In such places, in conventional floor structures where a waterproof layer with overlapping sections of waterproof sheets is laid and a finishing material is placed on top, the slope becomes not parallel (including perpendicular) to the overlapping sections of the waterproof sheets, making it easy for water to accumulate in the steps formed in the finishing material above the overlapping sections of the waterproof sheets. However, in the floor structure of the present invention, there are no overlapping sections of the waterproof sheets, and steps are less likely to occur in the floor structure, so water is less likely to accumulate even on substrates with slopes in multiple directions. In other words, in the floor structure of the present invention, even if at least a portion of the joints of the waterproof sheets are positioned not parallel to the slope provided in the substrate, the occurrence of water accumulation can be suppressed.

[0056] As an example, Figure 11 shows a floor structure of the present invention in which the joints of the waterproof sheet have portions that are perpendicular to the slope provided in the substrate. Figure 11 (11-1) is a plan view, and the finishing material is omitted from the illustration for illustrative purposes. Figure 11 (11-2) is a cross-sectional view of the line segment PP' in (11-1), and the finishing material is also shown. In Figure 11 (11-1), a plurality of insulation boards are laid in the substrate 1, having an inclination in the direction of the arrow toward the drainage drain H. The insulation boards are arranged so that their heights are adjusted and they form a gentle slope as a whole toward the lowest drain H. The joints U of the waterproof sheet have portions that are parallel to the slope of the substrate (U1), portions that are not parallel to the slope (U2, U3), and portions that are approximately perpendicular to the slope (U3). That is, at least a part of the joints of the waterproof sheet is arranged not parallel to the slope provided in the substrate. In the cross-sectional view (11-2) on the line segment PP' of Figure 11 (11-1), the joint portion of the waterproof sheet and the slope are almost perpendicular. Even in such a case, in the floor structure of the present invention, no step is created on the upper surface of the finishing material above the joint of the waterproof sheet, and rainwater flows naturally from P' to P, so it is possible to drain the water without it accumulating.

[0057] A slope of 1 / 200 to 1 / 5 is preferable for the substrate, but in places where drainage is important, a larger slope (1 / 50 to 1 / 5) is preferable, and in places where walking comfort is important, a smaller slope (1 / 200 to 1 / 50) is preferable. Figure 11 shows a partial cross-sectional view of an example of a floor structure in an open corridor, where the slope of the substrate 1 is 1 / 100. In contrast, the slope of the joint member 2 is set to be greater than the slope of the substrate 1 (1 / 30). If drainage is prioritized, it is preferable that the slope of the joint member 2 be the same as or smaller than the slope of the substrate 1, but the joint member 2 needs to have a certain thickness in order to ensure sufficient waterproofing performance at the joint of the waterproof sheet 3. Therefore, if the slope is made smaller, the width of the joint member 2 will increase, making it difficult to work with. When the slope of the substrate 1 is small, it is possible to set the slope of the joint member 2 to be about 2 to 5 times the slope of the substrate 1.

[0058] There are no particular limitations on how inorganic boards or insulation boards are fixed to the substrate 1, but one method is to place a fixing plate such as a fixing disc on top of the inorganic board or insulation board and then fasten it to the substrate 1 with fixing members such as screws.

[0059] For fixing the waterproof sheet 3 to the substrate 1 and for fixing inorganic boards or insulation boards to the substrate 1, fixing plates such as fixing discs can be made of resin or metal coated with a resin layer. For metal fixing discs, suitable materials for the steel plates are stainless steel plates or steel plates treated with rust-preventive coatings such as zinc, aluminum, magnesium plating or zinc plating, which are resistant to rust even in humid conditions. The thickness is approximately 0.6 to 1.5 mm, and the shape can be any shape, such as a rectangular plate (square or rectangular) or a circular or elliptical disc, with a side or outer diameter of approximately 50 to 100 mm.

[0060] Furthermore, fastening components such as screws can be made of materials such as carbon steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel. In addition, to prevent the screw heads from protruding from the top surface of the waterproof sheet fixing disc, the head shape of the fixing screws should preferably be countersunk, flat, or pan head, and the recess shape of the seating surface for screwdrivers or wrenches should preferably be a Phillips head, hexagonal socket, or square socket.

[0061] Examples of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 7 and 8.

[0062] The floor structure shown in Figure 7 will be explained below. An insulating board 5a is installed on a concrete base 1M thick, and an inorganic board 5b is installed on top of that, and fixed to the base 1M thick with fixing discs 6 and screws 7. A joint member 2M-1 made of polyvinyl chloride resin with an isosceles triangular cross-section in the width direction and the inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown), a polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown), and a polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and the inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown). The ends 3M-1a of the polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and 3M-2a of the polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 are positioned to butt together, and the polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1, 3M-2 and the polyvinyl chloride resin joint member 2M-1 are solvent-welded. The joint 8 of the polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 is treated with sealer (not shown). Furthermore, the 4M vinyl chloride floor sheet is fixed to the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 with a urethane adhesive (not shown).

[0063] The construction method for the floor structure shown in Figure 7 will be explained below. An insulating board 5a is installed on a concrete base 1M thick, and then an inorganic board 5b is installed on top of that and fixed to the base 1M thick with fixing discs 6 and screws 7. An epoxy adhesive (not shown) is applied to the surface of the inorganic board 5b. On top of that, the portion of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 excluding the edges and the vinyl chloride resin joint member 2M-1 are laid and bonded to the inorganic board 5b. Next, the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 is laid so that its adjacent ends 3M-2a and 3M-1a meet with the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1, and bonded to the inorganic board 5b, leaving the edges untouched. The back surfaces of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the surface of the vinyl chloride resin joint member 2M-1 are welded together with a solvent. A sealer (not shown) is applied to the joint 8 of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2. Apply adhesive to the 3M-1 and 3M-2 vinyl chloride waterproof sheets, then lay and adhere the 4M vinyl chloride floor sheet.

[0064] Let's explain the floor structure shown in Figure 8. An insulating board 5a is installed on a concrete base 1M thick, and an inorganic board 5b is installed on top of that and fixed to the base 1M thick with fixing discs 6 and screws 7. A vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and an inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown), a strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin joint member 2M-3 and an inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown), and a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and an inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown). The end portion 3M-1a of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and portion A1 corresponding to the joint of the joint member 2M-3 are in contact, and the end portion 3M-2a of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and portion A2 corresponding to the joint of the joint member 2M-3 are in contact, and the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the vinyl chloride resin joint member 2M-3 are solvent-welded together. Furthermore, the joints 9 between the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the joint member 2M-3 are treated with a sealer (not shown). In addition, the vinyl chloride floor sheet 4M is fixed onto the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 with a urethane adhesive (not shown).

[0065] The construction method for the floor structure shown in Figure 8 will be explained below. An insulating board 5a is installed on a concrete base 1M thick, and then an inorganic board 5b is installed on top of that and fixed to the base 1M thick with fixing discs 6 and screws 7. An epoxy adhesive (not shown) is applied to the surface of the inorganic board 5b, and a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 is laid on top of it and fixed in place. A strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin joint member 2M-3 is then fixed to the inorganic board 5b, which has been coated with epoxy adhesive (not shown), so that the end portion 3M-1a of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the portion A1 corresponding to the joint of the joint member 2M-3 come into contact with each other. Subsequently, a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 is laid so that the end portion 3M-2a of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and the portion A2 corresponding to the joint of the joint member 2M-3 come into contact with each other, and fixed to the inorganic board 5b, which has been coated with epoxy adhesive (not shown). The edges of the polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 are welded to the polyvinyl chloride resin joint member 2M-3 using a solvent. Then, a sealer (not shown) is applied to the joint 9 between the polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the joint member 2M-3. Adhesive is applied to the polyvinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2, and the polyvinyl chloride floor sheet 4M is laid and adhered.

[0066] Figure 10 shows a renovation structure for a floor structure with an existing waterproofing layer. The renovation structure in Figure 10 will be explained below. A urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10 is formed on a concrete substrate 1N as an existing waterproof layer. On top of this, a joint member 2N-1 made of a vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate with an isosceles triangular cross-section in the width direction, and vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3N-1 and 3N-2 are fixed to the concrete substrate 1N covered with the urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10 using a urethane-based adhesive (not shown). The vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3N-1 and 3N-2 and the joint member 2N-1 made of a vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate are joined together. The joint 8 of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3N-1 and 3N-2 is treated with a sealer (not shown). Furthermore, a vinyl chloride floor sheet 4N is fixed on top of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3N-1 and 3N-2 with a urethane-based adhesive (not shown).

[0067] The construction method for the remodeled structure shown in Figure 10 will be explained. A urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10 is formed on a concrete substrate 1N as an existing waterproof layer. A urethane-based adhesive (not shown) is applied over it, and the joint member 2N-1, which consists of a strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate and the portion of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3N-1 excluding the edges, is bonded to the concrete substrate 1N covered with the urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10. Next, the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3N-2 is laid so that its adjacent ends 3N-2a and 3N-1a meet with the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3N-1, and is bonded to the concrete substrate 1N covered with the urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10, leaving the edges untouched. A urethane-based adhesive (not shown) is applied to the surface of the joint member 2N-1, which consists of a strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate, and the back surfaces of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3N-1 and 3N-2 are bonded to the surface of the joint member 2N-1, which consists of a strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate. Apply a sealer (not shown) to the joint 8 between the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3N-1 and 3N-2. Apply adhesive to the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3N-1 and 3N-2, then lay and adhere the vinyl chloride floor sheet 4N. [Industrial applicability]

[0068] The floor structure of the present invention allows for a nearly flat floor structure without steps even when a finishing material is laid on top of a waterproof sheet. Furthermore, because the present invention has the characteristic of being less prone to water accumulation due to the absence of steps, it can be suitably used as a floor structure for rooftops, roofs, verandas, balconies, etc. of buildings such as office buildings, condominiums, and detached houses. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0069] 1. Primer 2 Joint members A. Part corresponding to the joint B end 3 Waterproof sheet 3-1 Waterproof sheet 3-2 Other waterproof sheets 3-1a Edge of the first waterproof sheet 3-2a Edges of other waterproof sheets 4. Finishing materials 5a Insulation board 5b Inorganic board 6. Fixing disk 7 screws 8th joint 9 Joint 10. Urethane-based coating waterproof layer S floor structure

Claims

1. A floor structure comprising a plurality of waterproof sheets laid on a substrate, strip-shaped joint members joined to the waterproof sheets along the joints of the waterproof sheets, and a finishing material laid on top of the waterproof sheets, wherein the joint members are formed with a thinner thickness at the ends than the portion corresponding to the joints of the waterproof sheets.

2. The floor structure according to claim 1, wherein the joint member is inclined in a direction substantially perpendicular to the joint of the waterproof sheet.

3. The floor structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a slope is provided in the substrate, and at least a portion of the joints of the waterproof sheet is arranged not parallel to the slope provided in the substrate.

4. The floor structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the ends of adjacent waterproof sheets are laid butted together or facing each other.

5. The floor structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the joint member is laid between the substrate and the waterproof sheet.

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