Bed structure

Abstract

The objective is to provide a floor structure that, when multiple waterproof sheets are laid on the substrate, can mitigate the height difference at the overlapping sections of the waterproof sheets, and even when a finishing material is laid on top of the waterproof sheets, can maintain a good appearance and suppress water accumulation and blistering of the finishing material. [Solution] The floor structure comprises a plurality of waterproof sheets laid on a substrate and a finishing material laid on the waterproof sheets, with overlapping sections where the ends of adjacent plurality of waterproof sheets are joined together vertically, and a sloped sheet laid on the substrate and the lower waterproof sheet along the ends of the waterproof sheets in the overlapping section, wherein the sloped sheet is formed to be thinner from one end corresponding to the end of the waterproof sheet to the other end.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a floor structure in which a finishing material is laid and fixed on a waterproof layer.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, when laying a waterproof sheet on the base of a building such as a building, condominium, or detached house, such as the roof, rooftop, veranda, or balcony, it is necessary to use a plurality of waterproof sheets. For example, when laying a waterproof sheet on a roof to form a waterproof layer, there is a method of overlapping adjacent waterproof sheets to prevent water leakage at the joints of adjacent waterproof sheets. However, the step formed at the overlapping portion may sometimes be a problem. Due to the step at the overlapping portion, the flow of rainwater is hindered, and there is a problem that water accumulates around the overlapping portion. Furthermore, even when a finishing material is laid to form a floor structure after laying the waterproof sheet, there is a problem. As shown in Fig. 7, which shows a conventional floor structure, if the finishing material has flexibility enough to follow the step at the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet, it picks up the step at the overlapping portion, and there are problems with appearance and water accumulation (Fig. 7(7-1)). When an adhesive is applied with a brush on the waterproof sheet and the finishing material is adhered, it is easy for the adhesive to form lumps due to the step at the overlapping portion, and swelling of the finishing material may occur due to the release of volatile components from the adhesive after construction (Fig. 7(7-2)). Even when the finishing material does not have flexibility enough to follow the step at the overlapping portion, the finishing material may rattle due to the step at the overlapping portion.

[0003] Therefore, as a method for eliminating the step at the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet in sheet waterproof work, a method of laying a gradient sheet along the end of the waterproof sheet arranged below at the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet constructed in new construction work has been proposed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

[0005] However, in the above case, since the sloped sheet is only placed on the lower part of the overlapping section of the waterproofing sheet installed during new construction, it was insufficient to improve the appearance and prevent blistering when the finishing material was laid on top of the waterproofing sheet.

[0006] This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a floor structure that, when multiple waterproof sheets are laid on the substrate, reduces the height difference at the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheets, and even when a finishing material is laid on top of the waterproof sheets, it can be made to look good and suppress water accumulation and blistering of the finishing material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In other words, the present invention solves the above problems and comprises a plurality of waterproof sheets laid on a substrate and a finishing material laid on the waterproof sheets, wherein the ends of adjacent plurality of waterproof sheets are joined together by overlapping them vertically, and a sloped sheet is laid on the substrate and the lower waterproof sheet along the ends of the waterproof sheets in the overlapped portion, and the sloped sheet is formed to be thinner from one end corresponding to the end of the waterproof sheet to the other end. Furthermore, the sloped sheet is inclined in a direction substantially perpendicular to the overlapped portion of the waterproof sheets, and the substrate is provided with a slope, and at least a part of the overlapped portion of the waterproof sheets is arranged not parallel to the slope provided on the substrate. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, when multiple waterproof sheets are laid on a substrate, the difference in height at the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheets is mitigated, and even when a finishing material is laid on top of the waterproof sheets, a floor structure is provided that is aesthetically pleasing and can suppress water accumulation and blistering of the finishing material. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional view showing the cross-sectional shape of the gradient sheet of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of construction using the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of construction using the floor structure of the present invention. [Figure 7] This is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional floor structure. [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view showing the slope of the substrate and the arrangement of the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet in the floor structure of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The floor structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0011] The outline of the floor structure of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figure 1. In the floor structure of the present invention, when multiple waterproof sheets 3 are laid and fixed on a substantially flat base 1, the ends of adjacent waterproof sheets 31 and 32 are joined together by overlapping them vertically, and sloped sheets 21 and 22 are provided along the overlapping portion and on the base and the lower waterproof sheet 31. Because the step difference in the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheets is mitigated, there is no step on the upper surface of the floor structure of the present invention, and the portion of the waterproof sheet 3 corresponding to the overlapping portion is formed to be slightly higher from the base than the surrounding portion. As a result, no step is created even when a finishing material is laid on top of the waterproof sheet, and the structure has a gentle slope from the portion corresponding to the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet outwards, thus resolving problems such as appearance, water accumulation, and blistering of the finishing material.

[0012] Here, each member constituting the floor structure of the present invention will be described.

[0013] <Base The base 1 can be used without particular limitation, and is applicable to concrete bases, lightweight foamed concrete bases, metal bases, wooden bases, inorganic boards, etc. on the rooftops, roofs, verandas, terraces, etc. of buildings such as buildings, condominiums, and detached houses. It can also be applied not only to newly constructed buildings but also to the renovation of existing buildings.

[0014] Examples of the inorganic board include gypsum board, cement board, calcium silicate board, resin reinforced board, etc. Among them, a resin reinforced board in which an inorganic substance is solidified and strengthened with a thermosetting resin is more preferable because it has less warping and excellent dimensional stability. In addition, the above-mentioned base 1 may be surface-treated with various treatment agents, etc. For example, a base conditioner for smoothing the surface may be applied, or an existing waterproof layer may be formed by coating film waterproofing or the like.

[0015] <Gradient sheet The gradient sheet 2 is a member joined to the waterproof sheet along the overlapping portion between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3. In particular, in places where watertightness of the overlapping portion is required, it is preferably continuously joined along the overlapping portion between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3. The gradient sheet 2 is preferably a strip-shaped one. The gradient sheet 2 is formed with a decreasing thickness from the portion corresponding to the overlapping portion to the other end B parallel to the one end A corresponding to the overlapping portion. The gradient sheet 2 may be a single member or may be composed of a plurality of members.

[0016] FIG. 2 shows an example of the cross-sectional shape in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the joint) of the gradient sheet 2. Hereinafter, the details of the shape of the gradient sheet 2 will be described using FIG. 2.

[0017] The gradient sheet 2-1 in Fig. 2 has a substantially right-angled triangular cross-section. The end A corresponds to the overlapping portion of the ends of the waterproof sheet 3. The bottom surface connecting the lower end a' of the end A and the other end B becomes the surface disposed on the base side. The gradient sheet 2-1 is formed such that the thickness of the end B is thinner than the thickness aa' of the end A, which corresponds to the overlapping portion of the ends of the waterproof sheet 3.

[0018] The cross-section may be trapezoidal, like the gradient sheet 2-2. For the gradient sheet 2-2, the bottom surface connecting the lower end a' of the portion A corresponding to the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet 3 and the other end B becomes the surface disposed on the base side. While the entire gradient sheet 2-1 slopes from the upper end a of the end A, which corresponds to the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet 3, to the other end B, only a part of the gradient sheet 2-2 slopes. The gradient sheet 2-2 is formed such that the thickness of the end B is thinner than the thickness aa' of the end A, which corresponds to the overlapping portion of the ends of the waterproof sheet 3.

[0019] Also, the cross-section may be in a shape where two right-angled triangles are connected by a connecting portion C, like the gradient sheet 2-3. In this case, for the gradient sheet 2-3, the end A, which corresponds to the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet 3, has two locations, A1 and A2. The bottom surface connecting the lower end a'1 of the end A1, which corresponds to the overlapping portion, and the other end B1 becomes the surface disposed on the base side. The gradient sheet 2-3 is formed such that the thickness of the other end B (B1, B2) is thinner than the thickness aa' (a1a'1, a2a'2) of the end A (A1, A2), which corresponds to the overlapping portion of the ends of the waterproof sheet 3.

[0020] It is preferable that the thickness of the slope sheet 2 be about the same as the thickness of the waterproof sheet 3, as this makes the step at the overlapping portion of the edges of the waterproof sheet 3 smoother. For this reason, the thickness of edge A, which corresponds to the overlapping portion of the edges of the waterproof sheet 3, is preferably 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, and more preferably 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm. The thickness of edge B of the slope sheet 2 is preferably 0.01 mm to 1.0 mm, and more preferably 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm. If the width of the slope sheet 2 is small, workability is good, but the effect of mitigating the step may be reduced, and if it is large, workability may be poor. Therefore, the width of the slope sheet 2 is preferably 20 mm to 400 mm, and more preferably 25 mm to 200 mm. The length of the slope sheet 2 can be appropriately selected according to the construction site, but for example, if it is flexible, a long roll (e.g., several tens of meters) of slope sheet can be cut on-site to fit the construction site.

[0021] Preferably, the gradient sheet 2 has a slope in the portion that extends from one end A to the other end B, which corresponds to the overlapping portion between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3, and further preferably, the entire gradient sheet 2 is sloped from one end A to the other end B. For example, in the case of the sloped sheet 2-1 in Figure 2, the portion from one end A to the other end B, which corresponds to the overlapping portion between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3, has a slope, and the entire portion from one end A to the other end B, which corresponds to the overlapping portion, also has a slope. In the case of the sloped sheet 2-2, the portion from one end A to the other end B, which corresponds to the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet 3, has a partial slope. The slope of the gradient sheet 2 has the effect of preventing water from accumulating in the overlapping area between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3. Comparing gradient sheets 2-1 and 2-2, gradient sheet 2-1, which has a slope throughout the area from one end A to the other end B that corresponds to the overlapping area, is more effective at preventing water from accumulating than gradient sheet 2-2, which has a partial slope in the area from one end A to the other end B that corresponds to the overlapping area.

[0022] The slope of the gradient sheet 2 from one end A to the other end B, which corresponds to the overlap portion, is preferably 1 / 200 to 1 / 5, and more preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 20. If the slope is too shallow, the width needs to be increased to ensure sufficient thickness, which widens the contact surface with the substrate and waterproofing sheet, worsening work efficiency. If the slope is too steep, when it is joined to the waterproof sheet 3, it will no longer be flat when viewed from the ground surface. Furthermore, it is preferable that the direction of the incline is approximately perpendicular to the length direction of the overlapping portion between the ends of the waterproof sheet 3.

[0023] The gradient sheet 2 can be made of synthetic resin, metal plate, or other materials as appropriate, and these can also be used in combination. When the gradient sheet 2 used in the present invention is made of synthetic resin, examples include olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, acrylic resin, styrene resin, styrene-butadiene rubber, and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. Two or more of these resins may be used in combination.

[0024] Among the synthetic resins mentioned above, vinyl chloride resins are preferably used because they offer excellent moldability and flexibility. As the vinyl chloride resin used in the gradient sheet 2, polyvinyl chloride (a vinyl chloride homopolymer), copolymers of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, ethylene, (meth)acrylic acid ester, vinylidene chloride, etc., can be used, but polyvinyl chloride is preferred from the viewpoint of economy and processability.

[0025] Furthermore, the gradient sheet 2 can be used in single or multi-layer configurations, and the base material can also be laminated. As the base material, natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyethylene, and acrylic, and woven or nonwoven fabrics of glass fibers can be used. Among these, polyester nonwoven fabrics, glass nonwoven fabrics, and glass woven fabrics are preferred in terms of dimensional stability and processability.

[0026] The gradient sheet 2 may consist of layers with different compositions, or layers with the same composition. Furthermore, the base material can be laminated as the bottom layer or laminated between each layer.

[0027] When using synthetic resin for the gradient sheet 2, plasticizers, antioxidants, lubricants, stabilizers, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, processing aids, fillers, flame retardants, pigments, etc., may be added as needed.

[0028] Suitable plasticizers include phthalate-based plasticizers such as DOP, DINP, DUP, and DOTP; adipic acid-based plasticizers such as DOA, DINA, and DIDA; polyester-based plasticizers; trimellitic acid-based plasticizers; phosphate ester-based plasticizers such as TCP and TXP; epoxy-based plasticizers such as epoxidized soybean oil; and cyclohexane-based plasticizers such as DINCH. Among these, phthalate-based plasticizers such as DOP and DINP are preferred in terms of weather resistance, durability, plasticization efficiency, compatibility, and processability.

[0029] For example, when using a vinyl chloride resin as the synthetic resin, the amount of plasticizer added is preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight, and more preferably 30 to 70 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin, from the viewpoint of processability and flexibility.

[0030] In addition, inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, talc, kaolin, mica, and magnesium silicate can be used as fillers. For example, when using polyvinyl chloride resin as the synthetic resin, the amount of filler added is preferably 5 to 200 parts by weight, and more preferably 50 to 150 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, from the viewpoint of economy, processability, and flexibility.

[0031] <Waterproof sheet> The waterproof sheet 3 used in this invention can be a synthetic resin waterproof sheet such as a vinyl chloride-based, olefin-based, acrylic-based, or rubber-based waterproof sheet. A vinyl chloride-based waterproof sheet is preferred in terms of ease of installation, welding properties between sheets, and adhesion to waterproof sheet fixing hardware. Waterproof sheet 3 can be made with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, but 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm is preferable for safety reasons regarding waterproof performance.

[0032] Furthermore, the waterproof sheet 3 can be used in single-layer or multi-layer configurations. In the case of multi-layer configurations, the base material can also be laminated. As the base material, natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyethylene, and acrylic, and woven or nonwoven fabrics of glass fibers can be used. Among these, polyester nonwoven fabrics, glass nonwoven fabrics, and glass woven fabrics are preferred in terms of dimensional stability and processability.

[0033] If the waterproof sheet 3 is multi-layered, each layer may be composed of a different composition or of the same composition. Furthermore, the base material may be laminated as the bottom layer or laminated between each layer. When joining the waterproof sheet 3 and the slope sheet 2, or when overlapping and joining two waterproof sheets 3, it is preferable that the top and bottom layers be made of thermoplastic resin layers, as this allows for solvent welding or hot air welding. For example, in the case of a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet, it is preferable to use one in which the top and bottom layers are made of vinyl chloride resin and the aforementioned base material is laminated in between. Also, if the waterproof sheet 3 is a vinyl chloride sheet, it is preferable to use a slope sheet 2 made of vinyl chloride resin as well.

[0034] <Finishing materials> The finishing material 4 used in this invention is laid and fixed on top of the waterproof sheet 3 in order to impart functions such as aesthetic appeal, walkability, and slip resistance to the floor structure. As the finishing material 4, floor sheets or floor tiles made of synthetic resins such as vinyl chloride, olefin, acrylic, or rubber, or plate-shaped finishing materials or protective materials made of inorganic materials such as fine-grained natural stone, porcelain, or cement can be used. The thickness of the finishing material 4 can be approximately 1.0 mm to 100 mm, preferably 1.5 mm to 50 mm, and more preferably 1.5 mm to 25 mm.

[0035] Furthermore, the finishing material 4 can be used in single or multi-layer configurations. In the case of multi-layer configurations, the base material can also be laminated. As the base material, natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyethylene, and acrylic, and woven or nonwoven fabrics of glass fibers can be used. Among these, polyester nonwoven fabrics, glass nonwoven fabrics, and glass woven fabrics are preferred in terms of dimensional stability and processability.

[0036] If the finishing material 4 is multi-layered, each layer may be composed of a different composition or of the same composition. Furthermore, the base material can be laminated as the bottom layer or laminated between each layer.

[0037] Furthermore, the finishing material 4 may have regular or irregular bumps on its surface to provide slip resistance when walking and to enhance its aesthetic appeal, and may also have a design layer such as printing on its surface. Such a finishing material 4 is suitable for use in places such as open corridors and balconies of condominiums and other buildings.

[0038] <Floor structure> The floor structure of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

[0039] Figures 1, 3, and 4 show embodiments of the floor structure of the present invention. Multiple waterproof sheets 3 are laid on a base 1, and corresponding sloped sheets 2 are provided at the ends of the waterproof sheets 3, and the ends of the waterproof sheets 3 are overlapped and joined together, and a finishing material 4 is laid on top of the waterproof sheets 3.

[0040] Let's explain the floor structure in Figure 1 in more detail. In the floor structure shown in Figure 1, the ends of the waterproof sheet 31 and the waterproof sheet 32 ​​are overlapped and joined together, and the ends A1 and A2 of the slope sheets 21 and 22, which have the same shape as the slope sheet (2-1) in Figure 2, are in contact with both the end 31e of the waterproof sheet 31 and the end 32e of the waterproof sheet 32, respectively. Finishing material 4 is laid over the waterproof sheets 31, 32 and the slope sheet 22. The floor structure shown in Figure 1 is highly watertight because the edges of the waterproof sheets 3 are overlapped and joined together, making it suitable for use as a floor structure for rooftops and roof balconies.

[0041] When fixing the slope sheet 21 to the substrate 1, it can be done using various adhesives, adhesive materials, double-sided tape, etc., or by mechanical fixing using fixing plates such as fixing discs and fixing members such as screws. Similarly, the waterproof sheets 31 and 32 can be fixed to the substrate 1 using various adhesives, adhesive materials, double-sided tape, etc., or by mechanical fixing using fixing plates such as fixing discs and fixing members such as screws. To fix the slope sheet 2 and the waterproof sheet 3, that is, to fix the slope sheet 22 to the waterproof sheet 31 and the waterproof sheet 32 ​​to the slope sheet 21, it can be done using various adhesives, adhesive materials, double-sided tape, etc., or by liquid welding with solvents or heat welding. Furthermore, the finishing material 4 can be attached to the waterproof sheet 3 using various adhesives, adhesive materials, double-sided tape, etc., or if the finishing material 4 is a plate-shaped finishing material or protective material made of inorganic material, it can be fixed to the substrate 1 with fixing screws, etc., or heavy finishing materials can be simply laid down.

[0042] When fixing the waterproof sheet 3 to the substrate 1 by mechanical fastening, for example, a resin-coated fixing metal disc, which has a resin layer covering the surface of a metal plate, can be placed on the substrate 1, the resin-coated fixing metal disc can be fixed to the substrate 1 with screws, and the waterproof sheet 3 can be laid on top of that and the resin layer of the resin-coated fixing metal disc and the back surface of the waterproof sheet 3 can be welded together using a hot air welding machine, solvent, or induction heating. In this case, a strip of resin-coated steel plate can also be used.

[0043] In the floor structure of the present invention, the joint 9 between the slope sheet 2 and the waterproof sheet 3 can be treated with various joint treatment agents. As joint treatment agents, synthetic resin-based liquid sealers, sealants, welding rods, etc. can be used. By treating the joints, it is possible to prevent the joints from opening or peeling after construction and to improve the watertightness of the joints. Furthermore, for joint treatment between finishing materials 4, if the finishing material 4 is a synthetic resin floor sheet or floor tile, synthetic resin-based liquid sealers, sealants, welding rods, etc. can also be used. Note that the finishing materials 4 are usually laid with the adjacent ends of multiple finishing materials 4 butted together.

[0044] The floor structure of the present invention preferably has a gentle slope on the upper surface extending from portion D, which corresponds to approximately the center of the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet 3 shown in Figure 1, to portion E, which corresponds to the end of the overlap portion, and more preferably the entire structure from D to E is gently sloped. Having such a slope in the floor structure has the effect of making it difficult for water to accumulate on the finishing material on the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet 3, and this effect is further improved if the entire structure from D to E is gently sloped. The slope from D to E is preferably 1 / 200 to 1 / 5, and more preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 20.

[0045] The floor structure in Figure 3 uses the same shape as the slope sheet (2-2) in Figure 2 as the slope sheets 21 and 22 in the floor structure in Figure 1, and otherwise the configuration is the same as in Figure 1. The slope sheet (2-2) slopes from end A, which corresponds to the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet, through a flat portion to the other end B, and has a partially sloped structure. Compared to Figure 1, the floor structure in Figure 3 has a flat portion that follows the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet 3. As a result, the durability of the slope sheet is superior to that of the floor structure in Figure 1, and therefore the waterproofing function for the substrate is also improved.

[0046] The floor structure in Figure 4 uses a slope sheet 23, which has the same shape as the slope sheet (2-3) in Figure 2, instead of the slope sheets 21 and 22 in the floor structure in Figure 1. The slope sheet 23 is an integrated member comprising a sloped portion 231 having an end A1 that abuts against the end 31e of the waterproof sheet 31, a sloped portion 232 having an end A2 that abuts against the end 32e of the waterproof sheet 32, and a connecting portion 233 that connects the sloped portion 231 and the sloped portion 232. The connecting portion 233 of the slope sheet 23 is positioned between the overlapping portions of the waterproof sheets 31 and 32, and the upper surface of the waterproof sheet 31 and the lower surface of the connecting portion 233 of the slope sheet 23, and the lower surface of the waterproof sheet 32 ​​and the upper surface of the connecting portion 233 of the slope sheet 23 are welded together. In the floor structure shown in Figure 4, the sloped sheet 23 allows for welding of the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet and welding of the edge of the waterproof sheet to the sloped portion of the sloped sheet 23 using a single component, resulting in a structure with even higher watertightness compared to the floor structures shown in Figures 1 and 2.

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention can also be used when using a substrate with a slope, such as a balcony in a house. In this case, even if there is an overlap of the waterproof sheet 3, the overlap can be formed without a step by using the slope sheet 2, and water can be drained without creating puddles. The slope of the substrate may be provided in the concrete substrate itself, or an insulating material with a slope may be laid on top of the concrete substrate, etc.

[0048] Furthermore, in the construction structure of the waterproof sheet 3 using the floor structure of the present invention, other layers can be provided between the substrate 1, the waterproof sheet 3, and the slope sheet 2, such as an insulating board or an inorganic board.

[0049] Examples of inorganic boards include gypsum board, cement board, calcium silicate board, and resin-reinforced board. However, resin-reinforced board, which is made by solidifying and strengthening inorganic materials with a thermosetting resin, is more preferable because it has less warping and excellent dimensional stability.

[0050] Insulation boards can be made from various materials such as polystyrene foam, rigid polyurethane foam, and phenolic foam. For strength, insulation boards with kraft paper or aluminum foil laminated on both sides are preferable. Insulation boards come in thicknesses of 20mm, 25mm, 50mm, 75mm, and 100mm, and are set according to the specifications. Standard dimensions (910mm x 1820mm, 910mm x 910mm, 30mm x 50mm, etc.) are cut to size at the construction site. While the thickness of the insulation board is set according to the specifications, when thick insulation is required, it is preferable to use multiple thin sheets stacked together rather than one thick sheet, considering the effort involved in delivery, drilling, and warping. In addition, if a slope is required, sloped insulation boards can be used.

[0051] In addition, on rooftops, balconies, and open corridors, the floor surface is often sloped to allow rainwater to flow into drainage ditches or directly into drains. In particular, in spaces with limited area, multiple slopes are provided to allow water to flow from various directions. In such places, in conventional floor structures where a waterproof layer with overlapping sections of waterproof sheets is laid and a finishing material is placed on top, the slope becomes not parallel (including perpendicular) to the overlapping sections of the waterproof sheets, making it easy for water to accumulate in the step formed in the finishing material above the overlapping sections of the waterproof sheets. However, in the floor structure of the present invention, there is no step in the overlapping sections of the waterproof sheets, and steps are less likely to occur in the floor structure, so water is less likely to accumulate even on a substrate with slopes in multiple directions. In other words, in the floor structure of the present invention, even if at least a part of the joints of the waterproof sheets are arranged not parallel to the slope provided in the substrate, the occurrence of water accumulation can be suppressed.

[0052] As an example, Figure 8 shows a floor structure of the present invention in which the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet has a portion that is perpendicular to the slope provided in the substrate. Figure 8 (8-1) is a plan view, and the finishing material is omitted from the illustration for illustrative purposes. Figure 8 (8-2) is a cross-sectional view of the line segment PP' in (8-1), and the finishing material is also shown. In Figure 8 (8-1), a plurality of insulation boards are laid in the substrate 1, having an inclination in the direction of the arrow toward the drainage drain H. The insulation boards are arranged so that their heights are adjusted and they form a gentle slope as a whole toward the lowest drain H. The overlap portion O of the waterproof sheet has a portion that is parallel to the slope of the substrate (O1), a portion that is not parallel to the slope (O2, O3), and a portion that is approximately perpendicular to the slope (O3). That is, at least a part of the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet is arranged not parallel to the slope provided in the substrate. In the cross-sectional view (8-2) on the line segment PP' of Figure 8 (8-1), the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet and the slope are almost perpendicular. Even in such a case, the floor structure of the present invention does not create a step on the upper surface of the finishing material on the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet, and rainwater flows naturally from P' to P, so it is possible to drain the water without it accumulating.

[0053] A slope of 1 / 200 to 1 / 5 is preferable for the substrate, but in places where drainage is important, a larger slope (1 / 50 to 1 / 5) is preferable, and in places where walking comfort is important, a smaller slope (1 / 200 to 1 / 50) is preferable. Figure 8 shows a partial cross-section of an example floor structure in an open corridor, where the slope of substrate 1 is 1 / 100. In contrast, the slope of slope sheet 2 is set to be greater than the slope of substrate 1 (1 / 30). If drainage is prioritized, it is preferable that the slope of slope sheet 2 be the same as or smaller than the slope of substrate 1, but slope sheet 2 needs to have a certain thickness to ensure sufficient waterproofing performance at the joints of waterproof sheet 3. Therefore, if the slope is made smaller, the width of slope sheet 2 will increase, making it difficult to work with. When the slope of substrate 1 is small, it is possible to set the slope of slope sheet 2 to be about 2 to 5 times the slope of substrate 1.

[0054] There are no particular limitations on how inorganic boards or insulation boards are fixed to the substrate 1, but one method is to place a fixing plate such as a fixing disc on top of the inorganic board or insulation board and then fasten it to the substrate 1 with fixing members such as screws.

[0055] For fixing the waterproof sheet 3 to the substrate 1 and for fixing inorganic boards or insulation boards to the substrate 1, fixing plates such as fixing discs can be made of resin or metal coated with a resin layer. For metal fixing discs, suitable materials for the steel plates are stainless steel plates or steel plates treated with rust-preventive coatings such as zinc, aluminum, magnesium plating or zinc plating, which are resistant to rust even in humid conditions. The thickness is approximately 0.6 to 1.5 mm, and the shape can be any shape, such as a rectangular plate (square or rectangular) or a circular or elliptical disc, with a side or outer diameter of approximately 50 to 100 mm.

[0056] Furthermore, fastening components such as screws can be made of materials such as carbon steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel. In addition, to prevent the screw heads from protruding from the top surface of the waterproof sheet fixing disc, the screw heads should preferably be countersunk, flat, or pan head, and the recess shape of the seating surface for screwdrivers or wrenches should preferably be Phillips, hexagonal, or square.

[0057] An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figure 5.

[0058] The construction structure shown in Figure 5 will be explained below. An insulating board 5a is installed on a 1M concrete base, and an inorganic board 5b is then installed on top of that and fixed to the 1M base with fixing discs 6 and screws 7. A vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and an inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown), a strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-1 and an inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown), and a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and an inorganic board 5b are fixed with epoxy adhesive (not shown). The vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 has an end portion 3M-1e that abuts against the overlapping portion of the slope sheet 2M-1, and the end portion 3M-2e of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 has an end portion A2 that abuts against the overlapping portion of the strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2. The vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2, and the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-1 are welded together with a solvent, and the overlapping portions of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 are welded together with a solvent. In addition, the joints 9 between the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2 are treated with a sealer (not shown). Furthermore, a 4M vinyl chloride floor sheet is fixed with a urethane adhesive (not shown) over vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and a vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2.

[0059] The construction method shown in Figure 5 will be explained below. An insulating board 5a is installed on a concrete base 1M thick, and then an inorganic board 5b is installed on top of it and fixed to the base 1M thick with fixing discs 6 and screws 7. An epoxy adhesive (not shown) is applied to the surface of the inorganic board 5b, and a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 is laid on top of it and fixed in place. A strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-1 is then positioned so that its end 3M-1e of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and its end A1, which corresponds to the overlap portion of the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-1, are in contact, and fixed to the inorganic board 5b to which the epoxy adhesive (not shown) has been applied. Subsequently, a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 is laid so as to cover the edges of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-1, and fixed to the inorganic board 5b to which the epoxy adhesive (not shown) has been applied. The back surface of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and the surface surface of the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-1, as well as the overlapping portions of the edges of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2, are welded together with a solvent. Next, the strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2 is placed so that the end portion 3M-2e of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and the end portion A2 of the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2, which corresponds to the overlapping portion, are in contact, and the surface surface of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the end portion 3M-2e of 3M-2 and the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2 are welded together with a solvent. Then, a sealer (not shown) is applied to the joint 9 between the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2. Apply adhesive over the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the vinyl chloride resin slope sheet 2M-2, then lay and adhere the vinyl chloride floor sheet 4M.

[0060] Figure 6 shows the renovation structure of a floor structure with an existing waterproofing layer. The construction structure of Figure 6 will be explained below. A urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10 is formed on a concrete substrate 1M thick as an existing waterproof layer. On top of this, a gradient sheet 2N-1 and vinyl chloride-based waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2, which are made of a strip-shaped vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate with a right-angled triangular cross-section in the width direction, are fixed to the concrete substrate 1M thick, which is covered by the urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10, with a urethane-based adhesive (not shown). The ends 3M-1e of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and end A1 of the slope sheet 2N-1, which corresponds to the overlap portion, are in contact, and the ends 3M-2e of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and end A2 of the slope sheet 2N-2, which corresponds to the overlap portion, are in contact. The vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the slope sheet 2N-2 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel, and the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and the slope sheet 2N-1 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel, are welded together with a solvent, and the overlap portions of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 are welded together with a solvent. In addition, the joints 9 between the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the slope sheet 2N-2 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel are treated with a sealer (not shown). Furthermore, the 4M vinyl chloride floor sheet is fixed to the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 with a urethane adhesive (not shown).

[0061] The construction method shown in Figure 6 will be explained below. A urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10 is formed on a 1M concrete substrate as an existing waterproof layer. A urethane-based adhesive (not shown) is applied over it, and a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 is laid and fixed in place. A strip-shaped slope sheet 2N-1 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate is then positioned so that the end portion 3M-1e of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the end portion A1 of the slope sheet 2N-1, which corresponds to the overlap portion, are in contact, and it is bonded to the 1M concrete substrate covered with the urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10 using a urethane-based adhesive (not shown). Subsequently, a vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 is laid so as to cover the edge of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the slope sheet 2N-1 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate, and it is bonded to the 1M concrete substrate covered with the existing urethane-based waterproof coating layer 10 using a urethane-based adhesive (not shown). The back surface of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and the surface of the slope sheet 2N-1 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate, as well as the overlapping portions of the edges of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2, are welded together with a solvent. Next, the strip-shaped slope sheet 2N-2 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate is placed so that the end portion 3M-2e of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-2 and the end portion A2 of the slope sheet 2N-2 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate, which corresponds to the overlapping portion, are in contact, and the surface of the vinyl chloride waterproof sheet 3M-1 and the end portion 3M-2e of 3M-2 and the slope sheet 2N-2 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate are welded together with a solvent. Then, a sealer (not shown) is applied to the joint 9 between the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2 and the slope sheet 2N-2 made of vinyl chloride resin-coated steel plate. Apply a urethane adhesive (not shown) to the vinyl chloride waterproof sheets 3M-1 and 3M-2, then lay and adhere the vinyl chloride floor sheet 4M. [Industrial applicability]

[0062] The floor structure of the present invention allows for a nearly flat floor structure without steps even when a finishing material is laid on top of a waterproof sheet. Furthermore, because the present invention has the characteristic of being less prone to water accumulation due to the absence of steps, it can be suitably used as a floor structure for rooftops, roofs, verandas, balconies, etc. of buildings such as office buildings, condominiums, and detached houses. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0063] 1. Primer 2 Gradient Sheet A. The part corresponding to the joint (one end) B end (other end) 3 Waterproof sheet 31. Waterproof sheet 32 Other waterproof sheets 31e Edge of one waterproof sheet 31e Other edges of tarpaulins 4. Finishing materials 5a Insulation board 5b Inorganic board 6. Fixing disk 7 screws 9 Joint 10. Urethane-based coating waterproof layer S floor structure

Claims

1. The system comprises multiple waterproof sheets laid on a substrate and a finishing material laid on top of the waterproof sheets, The edges of the adjacent plurality of waterproof sheets are joined together by overlapping them vertically, A sloped sheet is laid along the edge of the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet on top of the substrate and the lower waterproof sheet. The aforementioned sloped sheet is a floor structure in which the thickness is formed to be thinner from one end corresponding to the edge of the waterproof sheet to the other end.

2. The floor structure according to claim 1, wherein the gradient sheet is inclined in a direction substantially perpendicular to the overlap portion of the waterproof sheet.

3. The floor structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a slope is provided in the substrate, and at least a portion of the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheet is arranged not parallel to the slope provided in the substrate.

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