Battery management device and method

Abstract

A battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential profile based on a voltage and capacity of a battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile, and determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile based on the adjustment results as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile, respectively, of the battery.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery management device and method, and more particularly to a battery management device and method for estimating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile that indicate the current state of a battery.

[0002] This application claims priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0185034 filed on December 26, 2022 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0191446 filed on December 26, 2023, and the contents disclosed in the specifications and drawings of those applications are incorporated herein in their entirety. [Background technology]

[0003] Recently, as demand for portable electronic products such as notebook PCs, video cameras, and mobile phones has skyrocketed, and development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has gained momentum, research into high-performance batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged is becoming more active.

[0004] Currently, commercially available batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Of these, lithium batteries are attracting attention due to their advantages of being free to charge and discharge, having a very low self-discharge rate, and having a high energy density, as they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries.

[0005] While various research efforts are underway to increase the capacity and density of such batteries, improving their lifespan and safety is also important. To improve battery safety, a technology that can accurately diagnose the current state of the battery is required.

[0006] Generally, since it is difficult to disassemble and assemble a manufactured battery, it is very difficult to accurately measure the state of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery. Therefore, a technology is needed to estimate the current state of the battery by estimating a positive electrode profile indicating the state of the positive electrode of the battery and a negative electrode profile indicating the state of the negative electrode of the battery. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and has an object to provide a battery management device and method that more accurately estimates the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of a battery.

[0008] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood from the following description and will become more apparent from the embodiments of the present invention, and the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof as claimed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention may include: a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of a battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile, and determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile based on the adjustment results as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile, respectively, of the battery.

[0010] The control unit may be configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, and to generate the comparative differential profile based on the generated comparative full-cell profile.

[0011] The control unit may be configured to calculate an error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile, and adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the calculated error is minimized.

[0012] The profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between a capacity and a differential voltage of the battery and a second differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between a voltage and a differential capacity of the battery.

[0013] The profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire the first derivative profile and the second derivative profile.

[0014] The control unit may be configured to generate a first comparative derivative profile corresponding to the first derivative profile and a second comparative derivative profile corresponding to the second derivative profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile.

[0015] The control unit may be configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, to generate the first comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile with respect to capacity, and to generate the second comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile with respect to voltage.

[0016] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on a first error between the first derivative profile and the first comparative derivative profile and a second error between the second derivative profile and the second comparative derivative profile.

[0017] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until a combined error of the first error and the second error is minimized.

[0018] It should be noted that a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0019] A motor vehicle according to yet another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management system according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0020] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a battery management method may include a profile acquisition step of acquiring a differential profile based on a voltage and capacity of a battery; a comparison differential profile generation step of generating a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile; a profile adjustment step of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile; and a profile determination step of determining an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile based on the adjustment results of the profile adjustment step as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management device has the advantage of being able to more accurately determine the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of a battery by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that an error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile is minimized.

[0022] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and other effects of the present invention not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] The following drawings attached to this specification serve to further understand the technical concept of the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention, and therefore the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to only the matters described in the drawings. [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a first derivative profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a second derivative profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery profile according to an embodiment of the present invention and a comparative full cell profile. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a first derivative profile and a first comparative derivative profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating another example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating another example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating another example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a second derivative profile and a second comparative derivative profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, the terms and phrases used in the specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, but should be construed as having meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical ideas of the present invention, in accordance with the principle that the inventors themselves can appropriately define the concepts of terms in order to best explain the invention.

[0025] Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical idea of ​​the present invention, and that there may be various equivalents and modifications that can be substituted for them at the time of this application.

[0026] Furthermore, if it is determined that a detailed description of known functions or configurations related to the present invention would obscure the gist of the present invention, the description will be omitted.

[0027] Terms including ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish one of various elements from the rest, and do not limit the elements.

[0028] Furthermore, throughout the specification, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, this does not mean that it excludes other components, but that it may further include other components, unless otherwise specified.

[0029] Furthermore, throughout this specification, when a part is said to be "coupled" to another part, this includes not only "directly coupled" but also "indirectly coupled" via another element in between.

[0030] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery management device 100 may include a profile acquisition unit 110 and a control unit 120.

[0033] Here, a battery refers to a single independent cell that has a negative terminal and a positive terminal and can be physically separated. For example, a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery. The battery may be cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch-type. A battery may also refer to a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, a battery will be described as a single independent cell.

[0034] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery.

[0035] For example, the battery profile is a profile that indicates the correspondence relationship between the voltage V and the capacity Q when the battery SOC is charged from a preset charging start SOC or 0% to a preset charging end SOC or 100%. In another example, the battery profile may indicate the correspondence relationship between the voltage V and the capacity Q when the battery SOC is discharged from a preset discharging start SOC or 100% to a preset discharging end SOC or 0%.

[0036] Then, by differentiating the battery profile with respect to capacity, a capacity-differential voltage profile (hereinafter referred to as a first differential profile D1) can be generated, which indicates the correspondence between the differential voltage dV / dQ and the capacity Q. Conversely, by differentiating the battery profile with respect to voltage, a voltage-differential capacity profile (hereinafter referred to as a second differential profile D2) can be generated, which indicates the correspondence between the differential capacity dQ / dV and the voltage V.

[0037] For example, there is no particular limitation on the C-rate for charging or discharging to generate a battery profile. However, it is preferable to charge or discharge the battery at a low rate to obtain a more accurate battery profile and differential profile. For example, a battery profile can be generated by charging or discharging the battery at 0.05C.

[0038] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may directly receive the differential profile of the battery from an external device. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire the differential profile by being connected to an external device via a wire and / or wireless connection and receiving the differential profile.

[0039] In another example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may receive battery information related to the voltage and capacity of the battery. Then, the profile acquisition unit 110 may generate a battery profile based on the received battery information and generate a differential profile based on the generated battery profile. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire the differential profile by directly generating the differential profile based on the battery information.

[0040] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be communicatively connected to the control unit 120. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be connected to the control unit 120 via a wire and / or wireless connection. The profile acquisition unit may transmit the acquired differential profile to the control unit 120.

[0041] Specifically, the profile acquisition unit 110 can be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile D1 indicating the correspondence relationship between the capacity of the battery and the differential voltage and a second differential profile D2 indicating the correspondence relationship between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity.

[0042] 2 is a diagram illustrating a first differential profile D1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the first differential profile D1 can be represented by an XY graph in which the X axis represents capacitance Q and the Y axis represents differential voltage dV / dQ.

[0043] 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a second differential profile D2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the second differential profile D2 can be represented by an XY graph in which the X axis is voltage V and the Y axis is differential capacitance dQ / dV.

[0044] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile.

[0045] First, the control unit 120 can be configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile based on a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile.

[0046] Specifically, the reference positive electrode profile may be a profile showing the correspondence relationship between the capacity and voltage of a reference positive electrode cell that is preset to correspond to the positive electrode of a battery. For example, the reference positive electrode cell may be a positive electrode coin half cell or the positive electrode of a three-electrode cell. And the reference negative electrode profile may be a profile showing the correspondence relationship between the capacity and voltage of a reference negative electrode cell that is preset to correspond to the negative electrode of a battery. For example, the reference negative electrode cell may be a negative electrode coin half cell or the negative electrode of a three-electrode cell.

[0047] The control unit 120 may generate a comparative full-cell profile that indicates the voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile for each capacity. For example, the control unit 120 may calculate the difference between the positive electrode potential of the reference positive electrode profile and the negative electrode potential of the reference negative electrode profile for each capacity, and generate a comparative full-cell profile based on the calculation result.

[0048] FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a reference positive electrode profile Rp and a reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] 4, the control unit 120 calculates the voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn in the capacity range from 5 Ah to 50 Ah, and generates a comparative full-cell profile R based on the calculated voltage difference. The capacity range of the comparative full-cell profile R is 5 Ah to 50 Ah, and the voltage range is 3.0 V to 4.0 V.

[0050] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on the generated comparative full-cell profile R.

[0051] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to voltage or capacity. Preferably, the control unit 120 may generate the comparative differential profile so as to correspond to the differential profile acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0052] For example, when the profile acquisition unit 110 acquires the first differential profile D1, the control unit 120 can generate a first comparative differential profile DR1 that indicates the correspondence between the capacitance Q and the differential voltage dV / dQ by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to the capacitance.

[0053] In another example, when the profile acquisition unit 110 acquires the second differential profile D2, the control unit 120 can generate a second comparative differential profile DR2 that shows the correspondence between the voltage V and the differential capacitance dQ / dV by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to voltage.

[0054] 5 is a diagram illustrating a battery profile M according to an embodiment of the present invention and a comparative full cell profile R. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a first differential profile D1 according to an embodiment of the present invention and a first comparative differential profile DR1.

[0055] In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the result of differentiating the battery profile M with respect to capacity is the first differential profile D1, and the result of differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to capacity is the first comparative differential profile DR1.

[0056] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit 120 can generate a first comparative derivative profile DR1 by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to volume so as to correspond to the first derivative profile D1.

[0057] The control unit 120 can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile.

[0058] Specifically, the control unit 120 can be configured to calculate the error between the derivative profile and the comparison derivative profile.

[0059] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1. As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit 120 may calculate a differential voltage difference d1 between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1 for each capacitance. The control unit 120 may then calculate the error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1 by summing up the calculated differential voltage differences d1. Here, the differential voltage difference d1 is the unit error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1 at that capacitance, and the sum of the differential voltage differences d1 is the error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1.

[0060] The control unit 120 can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the calculated error is minimized.

[0061] Specifically, the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn or adjust them using a capacity scaling method so that the error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile is minimized.

[0062] Specific embodiments relating to the adjustment of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn will be described later with reference to FIGS.

[0063] The control unit 120 may be configured to determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment result as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0064] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles R by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn. Then, the control unit 120 may generate a plurality of comparative differential profiles based on the plurality of comparative full-cell profiles R. The control unit 120 may identify a comparative differential profile from the plurality of comparative differential profiles that has a minimum error from the differential profile. Then, the control unit 120 may determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparative differential profile as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0065] The battery management device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being able to more accurately determine the positive and negative electrode profiles of the battery by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile is minimized.

[0066] Meanwhile, the control unit 120 included in the battery management device 100 may selectively include a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc., known in the art, to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. Furthermore, when the control logic is embodied as software, the control unit 120 may be embodied as a collection of program modules. In this case, the program modules may be stored in a memory and executed by the control unit 120. The memory may be internal or external to the control unit 120 and may be connected to the control unit 120 by various known means.

[0067] The battery management system 100 may further include a storage unit 130. The storage unit 130 may store data and programs required for each component of the battery management system 100 to operate and function, or data generated during the operation and function. The storage unit 130 may be any known information storage means capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. Examples of the information storage means include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, and registers. The storage unit 130 may also store program code defining processes executable by the control unit 120.

[0068] For example, the storage unit 130 may store the differential profiles D1 and D2 acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110. The storage unit 130 may also store a preset reference positive electrode profile Rp and a preset reference negative electrode profile Rn. The control unit 120 may then access the storage unit 130 to acquire the stored profiles.

[0069] An embodiment in which the control unit 120 adjusts the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn will be described in more detail below.

[0070] 7 to 9 are diagrams showing an example of a process for adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] The process of generating the comparative full-cell profile S, which will be described with reference to Figures 7 to 9, is performed in the following order: a first routine (see Figure 7) that sets four points (positive electrode involvement start point, positive electrode involvement end point, negative electrode involvement start point, and negative electrode involvement end point) corresponding to the voltage range of interest; a second routine (see Figure 8) that performs profile shifting; and a third routine (see Figure 9) that performs capacity scaling. That is, the process of generating the comparative full-cell profile S according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the first to third routines.

[0072] First, referring to FIG. 7, the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are the same as those shown in FIG.

[0073] The control unit 120 determines a positive electrode involvement start point pi, a positive electrode involvement end point pf, a negative electrode involvement start point ni, and a negative electrode involvement end point nf in the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0074] Either the positive electrode involvement start point pi or the negative electrode involvement start point ni depends on the other one.

[0075] In one example, the control unit 120 may divide the positive electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference positive electrode profile Rp into a plurality of minute voltage sections, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the positive electrode involvement start point pi. Each minute voltage section may have a predetermined size (e.g., 0.01 V). Then, the control unit 120 may set the negative electrode involvement start point ni to a point in the reference negative electrode profile Rn that is a first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) lower than the positive electrode involvement start point pi.

[0076] In another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative electrode profile Rn into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the negative electrode involvement start point ni. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is larger than the negative electrode involvement start point ni by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement start point pi.

[0077] Either the positive electrode engagement end point pf or the negative electrode engagement end point nf depends on the other.

[0078] In one example, the control unit 120 may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the reference positive electrode profile Rp into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the positive electrode involvement end point pf. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may set the point in the reference negative electrode profile Rn that is lower than the positive electrode involvement end point pf by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V) as the negative electrode involvement end point nf.

[0079] In another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative electrode profile Rn into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the negative electrode involvement end point nf. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is greater than the negative electrode involvement end point nf by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement end point pf.

[0080] Once the positive electrode involvement start point pi, the positive electrode involvement end point pf, the negative electrode involvement start point ni, and the negative electrode involvement end point nf have been determined, the control unit 120 shifts at least one of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to the left or right along the horizontal axis.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 8, the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive electrode profile Rp and / or the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the capacitance values ​​at the positive electrode involvement start point pi and the negative electrode involvement start point ni match.

[0082] Alternatively, the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive electrode profile Rp and / or the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the capacitance values ​​of the positive electrode engagement end point pf and the negative electrode engagement end point nf match.

[0083] Figure 8 shows a situation in which only the reference positive electrode profile Rp is shifted to the left to generate an adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp', resulting in the capacitance value at the positive electrode involvement start point pi' matching the capacitance value at the negative electrode involvement start point ni. The adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' is the result of applying an adjustment process to the reference positive electrode profile Rp, shifting it to the left by the voltage difference between the positive electrode involvement start point pi and the negative electrode involvement start point ni. Therefore, the two points pi and pi' differ only in capacitance value and have the same voltage. The two points pf and pf' differ only in capacitance value and have the same voltage.

[0084] When the adjusted profiles Rp' and Rn obtained by shifting at least one of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are obtained, the control unit 120 scales the capacity range of at least one of the adjusted profiles Rp' and Rn.

[0085] According to the embodiment of FIG. 8, the control unit 120 further performs an adjustment process of shrinking or expanding at least one of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ and the reference negative electrode profile Rn along the horizontal axis.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 9, the control unit 120 may generate an adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp″ by shrinking or expanding the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ so that the size of the capacity range between the two points pi′ and pf′ of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. In this case, one of the two points pi′ and pf′ may be fixed. As a result, the capacity difference between the two points pi′ and pf″ of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp″ matches the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0087] In addition, the control unit 120 may generate an adjusted reference anode profile Rn' by shrinking or expanding the reference anode profile Rn so that the size of the capacity range between the two points n i and n f of the reference anode profile Rn also matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. In this case, one of the two points n i and n f may be fixed. As a result, the capacity difference between the two points n i and n f' of the adjusted reference anode profile Rn' matches the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0088] In FIG. 9, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp″ is the result of shrinking the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ shown in FIG. 8, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn′ is the result of expanding the reference negative electrode profile Rn shown in FIG. 8.

[0089] The positive electrode engagement end point pf" in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp" corresponds to the positive electrode engagement end point pf in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'. The negative electrode engagement end point nf' in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' corresponds to the negative electrode engagement end point nf in the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0090] The capacity difference between the positive electrode engagement start point pi' and the positive electrode engagement end point pf" of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp" corresponds to the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. Similarly, the capacity difference between the negative electrode engagement start point ni and the negative electrode engagement end point nf' of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' corresponds to the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0091] Furthermore, the capacity range defined by the two points pi' and pf" of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp" matches the capacity range defined by the two points ni and nf' of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'. The control unit 120 can generate the comparative full-cell profile S by subtracting the profile between the two points pi' and pf" of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp" from the profile between the two points ni and nf' of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0092] The control unit 120 can generate a comparative derivative profile from the comparative full-cell profile S and calculate the error (profile error) between the comparative derivative profile and the derivative profile. When the error between the comparative derivative profile and the derivative profile is minimized, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp" corresponding to the comparative full-cell profile S can be determined as the adjusted positive electrode profile, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' can be determined as the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0093] The control unit 120 may map at least two of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp", the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn', the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf", the negative electrode involvement start point ni, the negative electrode involvement end point nf', the positive electrode change rate ps, the negative electrode change rate ns, the comparative full-cell profile S, and the profile error to one another and record them in the storage unit 130. Here, the control unit 120 may calculate the change rate of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp" relative to the reference positive electrode profile Rp as the positive electrode change rate ps. The control unit 120 may also calculate the change rate of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rn' relative to the reference negative electrode profile Rn as the negative electrode change rate ns.

[0094] Meanwhile, as described above, when the positive electrode voltage range of the reference positive electrode profile Rp is divided into a plurality of minute voltage sections, the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections can be set as the positive electrode involvement start point pi.

[0095] For example, if the positive electrode voltage range of the reference positive electrode profile Rp is divided into 100 small voltage ranges, the number of boundary points that can be set as the positive electrode involvement start point pf may be 100. Also, if the voltage range equal to or higher than the second set voltage in the reference positive electrode profile Rp is divided into 40 small voltage ranges, the number of boundary points that can be set as the positive electrode involvement end point pf may be 40. In this case, up to 4,000 different comparative full-cell profiles may be generated.

[0096] Of course, those skilled in the art will easily understand that as the size of the minute voltage section decreases, the maximum number of comparative full cell profiles that can be generated increases, and conversely, as the size of the minute voltage section increases, the maximum number of comparative full cell profiles that can be generated decreases.

[0097] 10 to 12 are diagrams showing another example of the process of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIGS. 10 to 12 are diagrams for explaining another example of the process of generating the comparative full-cell profile U. For reference, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 is independent of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 to 9. Therefore, common terms and symbols used in the description of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 and the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 are limited to each embodiment.

[0098] The process of generating a comparative full-cell profile U, which will be described with reference to Figures 10 to 12, is performed in the following order: a fourth routine (see Figure 10) that performs capacity scaling, a fifth routine (see Figure 11) that sets four points (positive electrode engagement start point, positive electrode engagement end point, negative electrode engagement start point, and negative electrode engagement end point), and a sixth routine (see Figure 12) that performs profile shifting. That is, the process of generating a comparative full-cell profile U according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the fourth to sixth routines.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 10, the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are the same as those shown in FIG.

[0100] The control unit 120 applies the first scale factor and the second scale factor selected from the scaling numerical range to the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn, respectively, to generate an adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and an adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0101] The scaling value range may be predetermined or may vary depending on the ratio of the capacity range of the battery profile M to the capacity range of the reference full-cell profile R. For example, if values ​​having 0.1% intervals (i.e., 90%, 90.1%, 90.2%, ..., 98.9%, 99%) within the scaling value range (e.g., 90-99%) can be selected as the first and second scale factors, 91 values ​​can be selected as the first and second scale factors. In this case, a maximum of 8,281 adjusted profile pairs can be generated using 91 × 91 = 8,281 adjustment levels (combinations of the first and second scale factors). An adjusted profile pair refers to a combination of an adjusted reference positive electrode profile and an adjusted reference negative electrode profile.

[0102] The adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' shown in Figure 10 show the results of applying a first scale factor and a second scale factor, each less than 100%, to the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn, respectively.

[0103] Because the first scale factor and the second scale factor are less than 100%, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' is the reference positive electrode profile Rp scaled down along the horizontal axis, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' is the reference negative electrode profile Rn scaled down along the horizontal axis. To facilitate understanding, the starting points of the positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are fixed, and only the remaining portions are shown as outlines scaled down to the left along the horizontal axis.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 11, the control unit 120 determines the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni', and the negative electrode involvement end point nf' in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0105] One of the positive electrode engagement start point pi' and the negative electrode engagement start point ni' may depend on the other. Also, one of the positive electrode engagement end point pf' and the negative electrode engagement end point nf' may depend on the other. Also, one of the positive electrode engagement start point pi' and the positive electrode engagement end point pf' may be set based on the other.

[0106] That is, when any one of the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni', and the negative electrode involvement end point nf' is set, the remaining three points can be automatically set according to the first set voltage, the second set voltage, and / or the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M (e.g., the charge capacity from 0 to 100% of SOC).

[0107] In one example, the control unit 120 may divide the positive electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point (or the second set voltage) of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' into a plurality of minute voltage sections, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may set the negative electrode involvement start point ni' to a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn that is lower than the positive electrode involvement start point pi' by a first set voltage (e.g., 3 V).

[0108] In another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is larger than the negative electrode involvement start point ni' by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'.

[0109] In yet another example, the control unit 120 may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is smaller than the positive electrode involvement end point pf' by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V), and set the searched point as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'.

[0110] In yet another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' that is greater than the negative electrode involvement end point nf' by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'.

[0111] When the control unit 120 determines one of the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni', and the negative electrode involvement end point nf', it can further determine the remaining three points based on the determined points.

[0112] In one example, when the positive electrode involvement start point pi' is determined first, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' having a capacity value larger than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'. In addition, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is lower than the positive electrode involvement start point pi' by a first set voltage and set the found point as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'. In addition, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' having a capacity value larger than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement start point ni' by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'.

[0113] In another example, when the positive electrode involvement end point pf' is determined first, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' having a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement end point pf' by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'. Furthermore, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is lower than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement end point pf' by a second set voltage and set the found point as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'. Furthermore, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' having a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement end point nf' by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'.

[0114] In yet another example, when the negative electrode involvement start point n i ′ is determined, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn′ having a capacity value larger than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement start point n i ′ by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the negative electrode involvement end point n f ′. In addition, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ that is higher than the negative electrode involvement start point n i ′ by a first set voltage and set the found point as the positive electrode involvement start point p i ′. In addition, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ having a capacity value larger than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement start point p i ′ by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the positive electrode involvement end point p f ′.

[0115] In yet another example, when the negative electrode involvement end point nf′ is determined, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn′ having a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement end point nf′ by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the negative electrode involvement start point n i′. In addition, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ that is higher than the negative electrode involvement end point nf′ by a second set voltage and set the found point as the positive electrode involvement end point pf′. In addition, the control unit 120 may set a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ having a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement end point pf′ by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the positive electrode involvement start point p i′.

[0116] Once the determination of the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni', and the negative electrode involvement end point nf' is completed based on the pair of the first scale factor and the second scale factor, the control unit 120 can shift at least one of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' along the horizontal axis so that the capacitance values ​​of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the negative electrode involvement start point ni' match, or so that the capacitance values ​​of the positive electrode involvement end point pf' and the negative electrode involvement end point nf' match.

[0117] The adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'' shown in Figure 12 is obtained by shifting only the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' shown in Figure 11 to the right. As a result, the capacitance values ​​of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the negative electrode involvement start point ni' match each other. In relation to this, since the capacity difference between the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the positive electrode involvement end point pf' is the same as the capacity difference between the negative electrode involvement start point ni'' and the negative electrode involvement end point nf'', when the capacity values ​​of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the negative electrode involvement start point ni'' match each other, the capacity values ​​of the positive electrode involvement end point pf' and the negative electrode involvement end point nf'' also match each other.

[0118] Referring to FIG. 12, the control unit 120 can generate the comparative full-cell profile U by subtracting the partial profile between two points pi' and pf' of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' from the partial profile between two points ni" and nf" of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn".

[0119] The control unit 120 can generate a comparative differential profile from the comparative full-cell profile U and calculate the error (profile error) between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile. When the error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile is minimized, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ corresponding to the comparative full-cell profile U can be determined as the adjusted positive electrode profile, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn″ can be determined as the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0120] The control unit 120 may map at least two of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp', the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn", the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni", the negative electrode involvement end point nf", the positive electrode change rate ps, the negative electrode change rate ns, the comparative full-cell profile U, and the profile error to each other and record them in the storage unit 130. For example, the control unit 120 may determine the first scale factor as the positive electrode change rate ps and the second scale factor as the negative electrode change rate ns.

[0121] Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described in which the control unit 120 determines the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery by taking into consideration both the first differential profile D1 and the second differential profile D2.

[0122] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a first derivative profile D1 and a second derivative profile D2.

[0123] For example, in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire both the first derivative profile D1 and the second derivative profile D2.

[0124] The control unit 120 can be configured to generate a first comparative derivative profile DR1 corresponding to the first derivative profile D1 and a second comparative derivative profile DR2 corresponding to the second derivative profile D2 based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0125] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate a comparative full-cell profile R based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn. The control unit 120 can then generate a first comparative derivative profile DR1 by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to capacity. The control unit 120 can also generate a second comparative derivative profile DR2 by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to voltage.

[0126] The control unit 120 can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn based on a first error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparison derivative profile DR1 and a second error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2.

[0127] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit 120 can calculate the root mean square error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparison derivative profile DR1.

[0128] FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically illustrating a second derivative profile D2 and a second comparative derivative profile DR2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0129] In the embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 13, the battery profile is differentiated with respect to voltage to produce the second derivative profile D2, and the comparative full-cell profile R is differentiated with respect to capacity to produce the second comparative derivative profile DR2.

[0130] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 13, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2. As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 13, the control unit 120 may calculate a differential capacitance difference d2 between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2 for each voltage. The control unit 120 may then sum up the calculated differential capacitance differences d2 to calculate a second error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2. Here, the differential capacitance difference d2 is the unit error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2 at that voltage, and the sum of the differential capacitance differences d2 is the error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2.

[0131] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the combined error of the first error and the second error is minimized.

[0132] Specifically, the control unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles R. Then, the control unit 120 may identify a comparative full-cell profile R from the plurality of comparative full-cell profiles R that minimizes the combined error of the first error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1 and the second error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparative derivative profile DR2. Then, the control unit 120 may determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparative full-cell profile R as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0133] The battery management device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine the positive and negative electrode profiles of the battery from the summation error between the first and second derivative profiles D1 and D2 and the first and second comparative derivative profiles DR1 and DR2. Therefore, more accurate positive and negative electrode profiles corresponding to the current state of the battery may be determined.

[0134] The battery management system 100 according to the present invention may be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention may include the battery management system 100 described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management system 100 may be implemented by complementing or adding functions of components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110, the control unit 120, and the storage unit 130 of the battery management system 100 may be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0135] The battery management system 100 according to the present invention may be included in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery management system 100 and one or more battery cells. The battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.), a case, etc.

[0136] FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0137] The positive terminal of the battery 11 may be connected to the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the battery 10 may be connected to the negative terminal P− of the battery pack 1.

[0138] The measurement unit 20 may be connected to a first sensing line SL1, a second sensing line SL2, and a third sensing line SL3. Specifically, the measurement unit 20 may be connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10 via the first sensing line SL1 and to the negative terminal of the battery 10 via the second sensing line SL2. The measurement unit 20 may measure the voltage of the battery 10 based on the voltages measured via the first sensing line SL1 and the second sensing line SL2, respectively.

[0139] The measurement unit 20 may be connected to the current measurement unit A via a third sensing line SL3. For example, the current measurement unit A may be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery 10. The measurement unit 20 may measure the charging current of the battery 10 via the third sensing line SL3 to calculate the charged amount. The measurement unit 20 may also measure the discharging current of the battery 10 via the third sensing line SL3 to calculate the discharged amount.

[0140] An external device may be connected to the positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1. For example, the external device may be a charging device or a load. The positive terminal of the battery 10, the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 1, the external device, the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the battery 10 may be electrically connected.

[0141] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle 1500 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0142] 15 , a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention may be included in a vehicle 1500 such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). The battery pack 1510 may drive the vehicle 1500 by supplying power to a motor via an inverter provided in the vehicle 1500. Here, the battery pack 1510 may include the battery management device 100. That is, the vehicle 1500 may include the battery management device 100. In this case, the battery management device 100 may be an on-board device included in the vehicle 1500.

[0143] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a battery management method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0144] Referring to FIG. 16, the battery management method may include a profile acquisition step S100, a comparison differential profile generation step S200, a profile adjustment step S300, and a profile determination step S400.

[0145] Preferably, each step of the battery management method may be performed by the battery management device 100. Hereinafter, for the sake of convenience, the overlapping content with the above content will be omitted or will be briefly described.

[0146] The profile acquisition step S100 is a step of acquiring a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0147] Specifically, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile D1 indicating the correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the differential voltage and a second differential profile D2 indicating the correspondence between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity.

[0148] The comparative differential profile generating step S200 is a step of generating comparative differential profiles RD1 and RD2 based on a preset reference positive electrode profile Rp and a preset reference negative electrode profile Rn, and can be performed by the control unit 120.

[0149] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate the comparative derivative profiles RD1 and RD2 by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to voltage or capacity. Preferably, the control unit 120 may generate the comparative derivative profiles RD1 and RD2 so as to correspond to the derivative profiles D1 and D2 acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0150] The profile adjusting step S300 is a step of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the comparison differential profiles RD1 and RD2 correspond to the differential profiles D1 and D2, and can be performed by the control unit 120.

[0151] Specifically, the control unit 120 can be configured to calculate the error between the differential profiles D1 and D2 and the comparison differential profiles RD1 and RD2, and then adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the calculated error is minimized.

[0152] The profile determination step S400 may be performed by the control unit 120 to determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment result of the profile adjustment step S300 as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0153] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile. Then, the control unit 120 may generate a plurality of comparative differential profiles based on the plurality of comparative full-cell profiles. The control unit 120 may identify a comparative differential profile from the plurality of comparative differential profiles that has a minimum error from the differential profile. Then, the control unit 120 may determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparative differential profile as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0154] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not necessarily embodied through devices and methods, but may be embodied through a program that realizes functions corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such implementation should be easily embodied by a person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0155] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and variations can be made by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims.

[0156] Furthermore, since the above-described present invention can be variously replaced, modified, and changed by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs without departing from the technical concept of the present invention, it is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the attached drawings, and can be configured by selectively combining all or part of each embodiment to make various modifications. [Explanation of symbols]

[0157] 10 Battery Pack 11 Battery 12 Measuring part 100 Battery Management Device 110 Profile Acquisition Unit 120 control section 130 Preservation Department 1500 cars 1510 Battery Pack

Claims

1. a profile acquisition unit that acquires a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; a control unit that generates a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjusts the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profiles, and determines an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile based on the adjustment results as a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile, respectively, of the battery.

2. The control unit The battery management device according to claim 1 , wherein a comparative full-cell profile is generated based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, and the comparative differential profile is generated based on the generated comparative full-cell profile.

3. The control unit The battery management device according to claim 1 , further comprising: calculating an error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile; and adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the calculated error is minimized.

4. The profile acquisition unit 2. The battery management device according to claim 1, further comprising: acquiring at least one of a first differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the capacity of the battery and a differential voltage; and a second differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the voltage of the battery and a differential capacity.

5. the profile acquisition unit acquires the first derivative profile and the second derivative profile; 5. The battery management device of claim 4, wherein the control unit generates a first comparative differential profile corresponding to the first differential profile and a second comparative differential profile corresponding to the second differential profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile.

6. The control unit 6. The battery management device of claim 5, wherein a comparative full-cell profile is generated based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, the first comparative differential profile is generated by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile with respect to capacity, and the second comparative differential profile is generated by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile with respect to voltage.

7. The control unit 6. The battery management device of claim 5, wherein the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile are adjusted based on a first error between the first derivative profile and the first comparative derivative profile and a second error between the second derivative profile and the second comparative derivative profile.

8. The control unit The battery management device according to claim 7, wherein the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile are adjusted until a combined error of the first error and the second error is minimized.

9. A battery pack comprising the battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A motor vehicle comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. a profile acquisition stage for acquiring a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; generating a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile; a profile adjusting step of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile; determining an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment results of the profile adjusting step as a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

Images