Use of protective materials and clothing against contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of protective clothing, preferably in the form of protective underwear, to protect people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources when staying and / or working in places where PAHs are emitted or present, and / or to protect people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination") in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are emitted or present, and / or to protect people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular to prevent or minimize contamination ("PAH contamination").

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of textile protective materials or clothing for protection against contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (also synonymously referred to as "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons" or abbreviated as "PAH" or "PAHs"). [Background technology]

[0002] The present invention relates to the use of textile protective clothing, preferably textile protective underwear (i.e. protective underwear), to protect people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources and / or to protect people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular to prevent or minimize contamination ("PAH contamination"), especially when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of textile protective materials, in particular in the form of (textile) protective clothing, preferably in the form of protective underwear (protective underwear), to prevent or minimize contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources ("PAH contamination"), in particular to protect people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

[0004] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, and / or to a method for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular a method for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination").

[0005] Finally, the present invention relates to a protective clothing combination and its use for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources and / or for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination") and / or for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources, preferably for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present.

[0006] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (derived from the English "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons" and sometimes referred to synonymously as "PAHs" or "PAHs" or "PAHs") is a general term for a group of over 100 individual substances. PAHs are found in large amounts in coal, tar, and pitch, but also in significant amounts in exhaust gases from combustion and high-temperature processes (e.g., smoke from fires, and exhaust and flue gases from coke plants, steel mills, metal smelters, and blast furnaces). PAHs are formed, especially during the incomplete combustion of organic matter.

[0007] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) form a group of organic compounds consisting of at least two linked, or fused, aromatic ring systems, which may contain substituents. Consequently, PAHs exist in a diverse range of subspecies, with hundreds of known compounds. PAHs are primarily neutral, nonpolar solids with poor water solubility. Many PAHs have been shown to be carcinogenic (i.e., to cause cancer), particularly through epoxidation during metabolism in the body, where the resulting epoxides undergo nucleophilic ring-opening reactions with human DNA.

[0008] From an occupational safety and health perspective, the reference or lead substance for this group of substances is benzo[a]pyrene. Benzo[a]pyrene (also synonymously known as "1,2-benzopyrene") is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It is present, for example, in coal tar, but is also produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter and compounds, making it a very common substance (e.g., automobile and industrial exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, roasted coffee beans, and barbecues cooked with charcoal or pine cones). However, benzo[a]pyrene is particularly abundant in exhaust and flue gases from combustion and high-temperature processes (e.g., smoke from fires, and exhaust from coke plants, steel mills, metal smelters, and blast furnaces). Benzo[a]pyrene is considered carcinogenic, germ cell mutagenic, and reproductively toxic.

[0009] With regard to occupational safety and health, if the benzo[a]pyrene content exceeds 50 mg / kg, the Special Technical Regulations for Hazardous Substances (so-called TRGS) of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, in particular guidelines TRGS 551 and TRGS 524, apply. The occupational exposure limit is 70 ng / m 3 , the occupational exposure limit is 700ng / m 3 Diseases caused by PAHs during occupational activities as a result of contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. mucosal changes, cancers, other tumors, especially of the urinary tract) are recognized as occupational diseases in Germany upon application if there is evidence of cumulative exposure to benzo[a]pyrene for at least 80 years (see, for example, the list of occupational diseases). List of German occupational diseases, Annex 1 of the Occupational Diseases Regulation (BKV) (5th revised edition of the Occupational Diseases Regulation of 29 June 2021).

[0010] In an environment contaminated with PAHs, PAHs are absorbed into the body not only through the air we breathe and our respiratory organs, but also through our skin and hair.

[0011] Firefighters in particular are exposed to high concentrations of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) during their work. During emergencies, firefighters are directly exposed to fire smoke. Fire smoke is a mixture of various chemicals, the concentration of which varies greatly depending on the location of the fire. Fire smoke always contains substances that belong to the group of so-called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contain various carcinogenic substances and can be absorbed into the body through the skin and hair. In Germany alone, there are 40,000 full-time firefighters and 1.3 million volunteer firefighters.

[0012] As explained above, in the event of an emergency, these firefighters are directly exposed to the smoke of the fire and therefore, in order to protect themselves from contamination by the smoke of the fire, and in particular by the toxic substances it contains, in addition to respiratory protective equipment, they also wear protective outerwear, in particular personal protective equipment (PPE), preferably protective outerwear in accordance with DIN EN 469, in the case of firefighters in particular.

[0013] DIN EN 469 (current edition: DIN EN 469:2020), entitled "Protective clothing for firefighters - Requirements for protective clothing for firefighters," regulates the quality of protective clothing for firefighters in firefighting activities. In particular, this regulation focuses on the performance requirements of firefighting protective clothing, i.e., the resistance or behavior of protective clothing during firefighting activities (especially exposure of materials to flames, thermal radiation, and heat). However, it does not mention at all the prevention of penetration of toxic substances, especially PAHs.

[0014] However, firefighting, especially fires, almost always produces large amounts of hazardous materials, regardless of the materials involved. In addition to fire gases and smoke, particles such as soot, dust, and fibers may be released, depending on the object affected by the fire, the building design, and the materials used. The basic composition of fire smoke and its hazard classification are well known, thanks to extensive research.

[0015] When a fire occurs, hazardous substances are generally released, including acute and chronic toxic substances (carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, styrene, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride, etc.) and carcinogens (benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.).

[0016] As with any exposure to hazardous materials, there are several ways that fire smoke and other combustion products and residues, and related hazardous, biological, and other materials, can enter the body: through direct uptake of the hazardous material into the body, such as through inhalation, ingestion, or skin (absorption), or through contamination by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as personal protective equipment or other gear, or even through contact with the skin itself.

[0017] Many toxic substances present or generated during fires, especially PAHs, can be absorbed through the skin. Although most of these toxic substances are blocked by protective clothing, they may adhere to or penetrate the clothing to some extent, eventually coming into contact with the skin or hair and potentially being absorbed into the body.

[0018] However, harmful substances contained in smoke during a fire, especially the aforementioned PAHs, not only emerge in gaseous form under high temperatures such as those that occur during a fire, but also adhere to and bind to the dust and soot released during the fire, and can remain on protective jackets even after the fire has been extinguished. Contaminant particles (dust and soot containing large amounts of PAHs) that penetrate protective jackets also adhere to the skin, and PAHs that bind to the skin can be absorbed into the body from there.

[0019] However, to date, the state of the art lacks an efficient solution to prevent PAHs (both gaseous and particle-bound) from penetrating protective outerwear.

[0020] However, many other combustion and high-temperature processes also generate gases containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly exhaust or flue gases. Examples include coke plants, foundries, steel mills, smelting processes, metal and steel production and processing processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt production and processing processes, glass production and processing processes, and refractory production and processing processes. Therefore, people in the affected areas, and especially those working in the affected processes, are at increased risk of exposure and contamination from PAHs, which are released in both gaseous and particulate form (e.g., dust and soot particles), due to the extremely high temperatures of these processes. This means that both gaseous and particle-bound PAHs can be absorbed into the body through the skin and hair as well as the respiratory system.

[0021] However, protective outerwear, especially protective workwear and in particular personal protective equipment (PPE) typically used in the above activities, such as firefighter protective outerwear in accordance with DIN EN 469:2020, is generally insufficient to prevent the penetration of PAH-containing pollutants in gaseous or particle-bound form (dust, soot, exhaust gas particles, etc.), thereby preventing PAHs from reaching the skin, resulting in significant exposure and contamination of the skin, and consequently undesirable PAH absorption through the skin. PAHs remain on the protective outerwear in a particle-bound form even after exposure, posing a risk of skin contamination through the protective outerwear even after exposure.

[0022] However, until now, despite knowledge of exposure to PAH contamination in the affected areas, no solution has been available to effectively prevent, or at least minimize, the inadvertent penetration of PAH-containing protective outerwear into the wearer's skin. Because exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons often occurs in very hot locations and when the wearer of such protective outerwear is already under high heat stress, it has not been possible to provide additional protection to prevent PAH penetration, as this would lead to further, and therefore unbearable, heat stress for the wearer during use.

[0023] Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient and economical concept for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources when staying and / or working in places where PAHs are emitted or present, or for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination by PAHs ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination by PAHs ("PAH contamination"), which concept is intended in particular to at least largely avoid or at least minimize or mitigate the problems and drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above.

[0024] A further object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and economical concept for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, or for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination by PAHs ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination by PAHs ("PAH contamination"), which concept should be implementable or feasible in combination with protective outerwear, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment (PPE), already in use or customarily in the area concerned. In particular, the concept of the present invention should be compatible with and / or complementary to protective outerwear, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment (PPE), already in use or customarily in use in the area concerned.

[0025] Finally, another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and economical concept for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources when staying and / or working in areas where PAHs are emitted or present, or for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from PAH contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing PAH contamination ("PAH contamination"). This concept should be implementable or realizable as a follow-up and / or complementary piece of equipment related to protective outerwear, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment (PPE), already or customarily used in the area. In particular, the concept of the present invention can also complement or retrofit existing or customary protective concepts in the relevant field, particularly with the aim of providing additional and / or complementary PAH protection.

[0026] Finally, a further object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and economical concept for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources when staying and / or working in places where PAHs are emitted or present, or for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination by PAHs ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination by PAHs ("PAH contamination"), which concept does not or is intended to not impose significant (additional) stress on the protected person (heat stress, lack of wearing comfort, limited freedom of movement, etc.). The concept of the present invention is particularly intended to ensure a high level of wearing comfort while providing excellent protection against PAHs. Summary of the Invention

[0027] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes, according to a first aspect thereof, the use of a protective garment, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), as set forth in claim 1. Further preferred embodiments and configurations of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent claims and dependent claims (i.e. claims 2 to 11, claims 22 to 55 and claims 57 to 60).

[0028] A further object of the present invention is, according to a second aspect thereof, the use of a textile protective material according to the related independent claim (claim 12), in particular in the form of a protective garment, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear). Further preferred embodiments and configurations of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent and auxiliary claims (i.e. claims 13 to 54 and claims 56 to 60).

[0029] A further object of the present invention, according to a third aspect thereof, is also a method according to the associated independent method claim (claim 61). Further preferred embodiments and configurations of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent method claims (i.e. claims 62 to 64).

[0030] Similarly, another object of the present invention (according to a fourth aspect of the present invention) is a protective clothing combination for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources and / or for protecting people, in particular exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from contamination ("PAH contamination") when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination") and / or for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from pollution sources (related independent claim (claim 65)). Furthermore, each preferred further embodiment and configuration of this aspect of the present invention is the subject of a corresponding dependent claim (i.e. claim 66).

[0031] Finally, according to a fifth aspect of the invention, a further object of the invention is also the use of a protective clothing combination as claimed in claim 67 or claim 68. Further preferred embodiments and configurations of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent claims (i.e. claim 69).

[0032] Needless to say, in the following description of the present invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments, configurations, advantages, examples, etc. described below only with respect to one aspect of the present invention are equally applicable to other aspects of the present invention without the need to explicitly mention them.

[0033] Furthermore, in the following specification of values, numerical values ​​and ranges, it should be understood that the specification of values, numerical values ​​and ranges should not be understood as limiting, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is possible to deviate from the specified ranges or specifications on a case-by-case or application-related basis without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0034] Furthermore, all values ​​or parameters etc. mentioned below can in principle be measured using standardized or explicitly defined measurement methods or measurement methods known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, these values ​​or parameters are measured under standard conditions (i.e., in particular at a temperature of 20°C and / or a pressure of 1,013.25 hPa or 1.01325 bar).

[0035] Furthermore, it should be noted that for all relative or percentage amounts given below, in particular amounts related to weight, these details should be selected or combined by the skilled artisan so that within the scope of the present invention, and including further components or materials as specifically defined below as necessary, the total always amounts to 100% or 100% by weight, although this will be obvious to the skilled artisan.

[0036] Having said this, the invention will now be described and explained in more detail below with reference to figures and drawings showing preferred or example embodiments.

[0037] The object of the present invention, according to a first aspect thereof, is to use protective clothing, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment, for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source and / or for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, said protective clothing comprising or formed from a textile protective material, said textile protective material being configured as a multi-layer textile composite comprising a plurality of interconnected layers, said textile protective material preferably comprising the following layers in the order listed below: (a) a fibrous support layer, said fibrous support layer being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure (fibrous fabric); (b) an adhesive layer applied to one side of the fibrous support layer, said adhesive layer being present and / or configured as a water vapor permeable and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) a preferably discontinuously formed and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer secured to and / or adhered to said adhesive layer, said adsorbent layer comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles; (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer disposed on and / or connected to said adsorbent layer, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer, said particle and / or aerosol filter layer being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable woven sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual woven fibers; (e) optionally a cover layer disposed on the particle and aerosol filter layer and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter, the cover layer being present and / or configured as a fiber sheet structure that is preferentially gas permeable.

[0038] Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is envisaged that the textile protection material also comprises a further or second cover layer arranged on the side of the textile support layer opposite the adhesive layer and / or bonded to the adhesive layer, the further or second cover layer being preferably present and / or configured as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure. That is, according to the present invention, the textile protection material may also optionally comprise the following layers: (f) a further or second cover layer disposed on the side of the fibrous support layer opposite the adhesive layer and / or bonded to the adhesive layer, the further or second cover layer preferably being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

[0039] Generally, in the context of the present invention, the protective clothing and / or protective material is positioned and / or used in such a way that during and / or in use, in particular when worn, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and / or any cover layer present faces the source of contamination and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and / or any cover layer present faces away from the wearer of the protective clothing and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer and / or any cover layer present forms the outer layer of the protective clothing and / or protective material.

[0040] In other words, in the context of the present invention, the protective clothing and / or protective material is arranged and / or used in such a way that during use and / or in the state of use, in particular when worn, the textile support layer and / or any further or second cover layer faces away from a source of contamination, and / or the textile support layer and / or any further or second cover layer faces towards the wearer of the protective clothing, and / or the textile support layer and / or any further or second cover layer forms an inner layer of the protective clothing and / or protective material.

[0041] In other words, when using protective clothing or protective materials used in accordance with the present invention, the aforementioned textile support layer forms the layer closest to the body, or any cover layer, and if there is no cover layer, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer forms the layer furthest from the body. This means that the PAH-containing gas and / or particle stream to be decontaminated passes through the protective clothing or protective materials used in accordance with the present invention in the order of the aforementioned layers (e), (d), (c), (b) and finally (a).

[0042] This ensures that released polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are rendered harmless. PAHs are typically present at high ambient temperatures (such as fire smoke) in both gaseous and particle-bound form (such as soot, flue gases, and dust particles containing PAHs), and will first impinge on any cover layer and then on or come into contact with the particle and / or aerosol filter layer before the remaining PAH contaminants come into contact with the adsorbent layer or any adsorbent particles present therein.

[0043] As a result, when used in the application state (use state) according to the present invention, coarse PAH-containing or PAH-contaminated particles are first retained by the cover layer, and then the finest to finest PAH-containing or PAH-contaminated particles are retained and detoxified by the subsequent particle and aerosol filter layer, so that PAH-containing or PAH-contaminated particles (e.g., PAH-containing dust, soot, or exhaust gas particles, up to fine and ultrafine particles carrying PAHs) are detoxified first, and then finally the remaining, mainly gaseous PAH-containing particles (PAH pollutants) are adsorbed to the adsorbent layer or the adsorbent particles present therein and detoxified. In this context, the adhesive layer that fixes the adsorbent layer to the fibrous support layer ensures sufficient residence time and / or convection of the adsorbed gaseous PAH pollutants, preventing undesirable breakthrough of PAHs through the underlying fibrous support layer.

[0044] As the Applicant has discovered in a completely unexpected way, the use of protective clothing used in accordance with the present invention, preferably in the form of protective underwear (=protective underwear), or the use of protective materials used in accordance with the present invention, allows an efficient and economical idea to protect people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources and / or to protect people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination") when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, in particular to prevent or minimize contamination ("PAH contamination").

[0045] The specially designed structure and composition, in particular of the individual components, of the protective clothing or protective material used according to the invention provides for the first time an efficient and economical double protection against PAH contamination, i.e., protection is reliably guaranteed not only against solid PAH contamination (e.g., PAH-containing particles) but also against gaseous PAH contamination.

[0046] At the same time, the specially tailored structure of the protective clothing or protective material used according to the invention, consisting of a small number of essential individual components, in combination with a particularly low weight per unit area and good water vapor and air permeability, ensures high wearing comfort and allows use even under particularly high physical stress (e.g., use by firefighters at fire sites, or by firefighters performing heavy work under thermal stress or heat influence in blast furnaces, glass factories, refractory production, etc.). The wearing comfort of firefighters performing heavy work at fire sites, for example, is also improved by the fact that the adsorbent layer or the adsorbent particles (preferably activated carbon particles) present therein can also function as a moisture, water reservoir or buffer (e.g., for body sweat). Thus, the protective clothing or protective material used according to the invention offers multifunctionality that goes far beyond mere protection against PAH contamination.

[0047] In addition to the above advantages and special features of the present invention, the concept of the present invention is accompanied by many further advantages and special features, some of the main advantages and special features of which are listed below in a non-exhaustive manner, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0048] A particular feature of the present invention is that the above-mentioned inventive concept can be implemented or realized in particular in combination with protective outerwear, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment (PPE), which is already in existence or customary in the field (e.g., in the case of firefighters, in particular in combination with firefighter protective outerwear according to DIN EN 469). In particular, the inventive concept is compatible with and / or complementary to protective outerwear, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment (PPE), which is already in existence or customary in the field. The inventive concept can therefore be implemented or realized in a particularly efficient and economical way, in particular as additional or supplementary protective equipment, in particular as protective equipment against PAH contamination. In this case, the protective clothing used according to the present invention or the protective material used according to the present invention is used or configured in particular as protective underwear.

[0049] In particular, the inventive concept also allows for subsequent and / or complementary equipment in connection with existing or customary protective outer garments, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment (PPE) in the field concerned, e.g., in particular in the case of firefighters, in combination with existing or customary firefighter protective clothing according to DIN EN 469. In this way, existing or customary protective concepts in the field concerned can be supplemented or subsequently supplemented or retrofitted with the inventive concept, in particular for the purpose of additional and / or complementary PAH protection (in which case, as already explained above, the protective clothing or protective material used according to the invention is in particular used or configured as protective underwear).

[0050] Furthermore, the concept according to the present invention does not impose any or significant (additional) stress on the protected person, such as heat stress, lack of comfort when worn, or restriction of freedom of movement. This is because the concept according to the present invention ensures high wearing comfort while providing excellent protection against PAHs (i.e., gaseous and particulate PAHs). In particular, when the protective clothing or protective material used according to the present invention is used as protective underwear, it is possible to easily replace existing commercially available underwear used in the prior art (e.g., existing commercially available two-layer underwear with an outer wool layer and an inner viscose layer) with the concept according to the present invention.

[0051] Testing of the concept according to the invention in practice or under real conditions (in particular the use of the protective suit or material according to the invention as a protective undergarment or protective undershirt in combination with conventional standard firefighter protective outerwear according to DIN EN 469 for protection against PAHs during a fire or in exhaust gases) has shown that a protection effect against PAHs of more than 200 times is obtained when compared directly with the combination of standard commercial underwear (existing standard two-layer commercial underwear with an outer wool layer and an inner viscose layer) with the same firefighter protective outerwear according to DIN EN 469. In particular, the aforementioned combination of, on the one hand, a standard protective outerwear according to DIN EN 469 and, on the other hand, a so-called protection factor against PAHs of significantly more than 3,000 is achieved by the aforementioned combination, whereas this protection factor for the same protective outerwear in combination with the commercial underwear is only about 15. The so-called protection factor against PAHs represents the reciprocal value of the penetration of PAHs. That is, for example, if the protection factor is 100, this means that no more than 1 / 100 (= 1 / 100) of the PAH contaminants will penetrate the material. Therefore, a protection factor of 100 means that only 1% of the PAH contaminants will penetrate or break through.

[0052] The use of protective clothing or materials used in accordance with the present invention results in a significantly improved protection against PAHs, which surprisingly remains at least essentially intact, compared to conventional protective material combinations of the aforementioned type, even after multiple fire exposures under the influence of PAHs and multiple washings of the protective clothing or materials used in accordance with the present invention.

[0053] Further tests have also shown that the desired high-performance protective effect against contamination and penetration of both gaseous and particulate PAHs can only be achieved by using all of the individual concepts or individual components of the protective clothing or protective material listed above in accordance with the present invention (in their specific target combinations and sequences); i.e., if the structure is altered, in particular if individual concepts or individual components are altered or omitted and / or their sequence is altered, the high performance capabilities described above in terms of protective effect against both gaseous and particulate-bound forms of PAHs cannot be achieved.

[0054] By specifically selecting the adsorbent particles of the adsorption layer, the performance or protection performance against PAHs of the protective clothing or protective material used according to the invention can be further improved or adjusted. Particularly good results are achieved by using activated carbon particles, in particular granular activated carbon, preferably granular or spherical activated carbon, as described in more detail below. This allows for a particularly high adsorption capacity for the PAHs to be detoxified, and therefore particularly good performance.

[0055] The high protection against PAHs and resistance of the materials used in the protective clothing or protective materials used according to the invention also result in particularly high durability and resistance, in particular abrasion and / or wear resistance, so that the idea according to the invention is very economical and efficient.

[0056] Since the protective clothing or materials used according to the invention can be easily decontaminated and regenerated after use, especially by washing, without any significant loss of their protective performance against PAHs, the concept of the invention can be easily implemented at low cost and easily retrofitted to existing standard protective equipment, thereby ensuring a high level of sustainability.

[0057] Therefore, the overall result of the present invention is a highly efficient, yet extremely economical, and also very sustainable concept for achieving high-performance protection against both gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Therefore, the present invention can highly effectively protect people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from pollution sources when staying and / or working in places where PAHs are emitted or present, or highly effectively protect people exposed to PAHs from exposure to PAH contamination, in order to prevent or minimize PAH contamination, respectively. Here, it is particularly advantageous that the concept of the present invention can be implemented or realized, if necessary, in combination with existing or customary protective outerwear, particularly protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment (PPE), in the relevant area.

[0058] The result is a highly efficient, powerful, extremely economical and highly sustainable protection concept against gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, protecting people from PAH pollution.

[0059] The present invention will now be described with reference to drawings or figures showing preferred embodiments or examples, the relevant descriptions being applicable to all aspects of the invention and the corresponding preferred embodiments are in no way limiting. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0060] [Figure 1]1 is a cross-sectional view of a protective garment 8 used in accordance with the present invention or a protective material 1 used in accordance with the present invention, in the order shown in FIG. 1 , having a fibrous support layer 2, an adhesive layer 3, and an adsorbent layer 4 comprising a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4 a, a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5, an optional cover layer 6, and an optional further or second cover layer 7. [Figure 2A] 1 is a partial cross-sectional view according to a first particular and alternative embodiment of the present invention of a protective garment 8 used in accordance with the present invention, or of a textile protective material 1 used in accordance with the present invention (i.e., only the extent of the textile support layer 2, the adhesive layer 3, and the adsorbent layer 4 having a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a), in which the adhesive layer 3 and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer 3 are applied and / or provided to the textile support layer 2 as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on a dried and / or cured, in particular crosslinked, fractured adhesive polymer foam. [Figure 2B] 2B is a partial cross-sectional view of a second special alternative embodiment of a protective garment 8 used in accordance with the present invention or a textile protective material 1 used in accordance with the present invention (i.e., only the area of ​​the textile support layer 2, the adhesive layer 3, and the adsorbent layer 4 having a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a), according to FIG. 2A, in which the adhesive layer 3 and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer 3 are applied and / or provided on the textile support layer 2 as a discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or adhesive polymer, and the adhesive layer is configured in the form of a grid of a plurality of individual (i.e., non-continuous or non-bonded) adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer 2. [Figure 3]1 is a schematic illustration of a protective garment 8 for use in accordance with the present invention according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the protective garment 8 being present and / or configured as a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, and / or a protective jacket 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular an arm covering, and / or a protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava, in particular the protective garment 8 being preferably present and / or configured as a combination of (i) protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective jacket 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular an arm covering, and (iii) protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective headgear or a protective balaclava. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0061] The drawings relating to the present invention, i.e., the aforementioned FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B, and 3, illustrate and clarify the concepts of the present invention by preferred embodiments or examples, as shown and described in the aforementioned drawings or illustrations but not limited thereto.

[0062] As noted above, Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a protective garment 8 used in accordance with the present invention or a protective material 1 used in accordance with the present invention, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, with the protective garment 8 or protective material 1 having, in the order shown in Figure 1, a fibrous support layer 2, an adhesive layer 3, an adsorbent layer 4 having a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a, a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5, an optional cover layer 6, and an optional further or second cover layer 7. The properties and further characteristics of the protective garment 8 or protective material 1 used in accordance with the present invention, and the individual layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, are described in more detail below in connection with various aspects of the present invention.

[0063] As shown in Figure 1, the textile armor material 1 is configured as a multi-layer textile composite including a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The individual layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are preferably laminated or joined together by lamination.

[0064] As mentioned above, Figure 2A shows a partial cross-sectional view of a protective garment 8 or textile protective material 1 used in accordance with the present invention (i.e., only the area of ​​the textile support layer 2, adhesive layer 3, and adsorbent layer 4 having a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a) according to a first alternative embodiment of the present invention to Figure 2B, in which adhesive layer 3 and / or the adhesive of adhesive layer 3 are applied and / or provided to textile support layer 2 as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on a dried and / or cured, particularly crosslinked, fractured adhesive polymer foam. Further details of this first particular alternative embodiment of Figure 2B, in particular the nature and further characteristics of support layer 2, adhesive layer 3, adsorbent layer 4, and adsorbent particles 4a, are described in more detail below in connection with various aspects of the present invention.

[0065] As also explained above, Figure 2B shows a partial cross-sectional view of a protective garment 8 or textile protective material 1 used in accordance with the present invention (i.e., only the area of ​​the textile support layer 2, adhesive layer 3, and adsorbent layer 4 having a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a) according to a second special embodiment of the present invention different from that of Figure 2A, in which adhesive layer 3 and / or the adhesive of adhesive layer 3 are applied and / or provided to textile support layer 2 as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer in the form of a grid of a plurality of individual (i.e., non-continuous or non-bonded) adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on support layer 2. Further details of this second special embodiment different from that of Figure 2A, particularly with regard to the nature and further properties of support layer 2, adhesive layer 3, adsorbent layer 4, and adsorbent particles 4a, are described in more detail below in connection with various aspects of the present invention.

[0066] Finally, FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a protective garment 8 used in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, which may be present and / or configured as a protective leg garment 8a (particularly protective trousers), and / or a protective upper garment 8b (particularly a protective shirt, T-shirt, or sweater, particularly covering the arms), and / or a protective headgear 8c (particularly a protective head cover or balaclava). More preferably, the protective garment 8 is present and / or configured as a combination of (i) the protective leg garment 8a (particularly protective trousers), (ii) the protective upper garment 8b (particularly a protective shirt, T-shirt, or sweater, particularly covering the arms), and (iii) the protective headgear 8c (particularly a protective headgear or balaclava). This provides a particularly optimized protective effect. Further details regarding the nature and further properties of the protective garment 8 used in accordance with the present invention or the protective material 1 and the individual layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 used in accordance with the present invention are described in detail below in connection with various aspects of the present invention.

[0067] The concepts relating to various aspects of the present invention are described in further detail below.

[0068] As previously mentioned (and also as illustrated in Figures 1, 2A, 2B and 3), the object of a first aspect of the present invention is to use a protective garment 8 (i.e., a textile protective garment), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), to protect a person from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source when staying and / or working in a location where PAHs are emitted or present, and / or to protect a person exposed to PAHs from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular to prevent or minimize contamination ("PAH contamination"). The protective garment 8 comprises or is formed from a textile protective material 1, which is configured as a multi-layer textile composite comprising a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer 2, said fibrous support layer 2 being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure (woven fabric); (b) an adhesive layer 3 applied to one side of the fibrous support layer 2, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or configured as a water vapor-permeable and / or gas-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) an adsorbent layer 4 fixed to and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3, the adsorbent layer 4 being preferably discontinuous and / or gas permeable, the adsorbent layer 4 comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a; (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 disposed on and / or connected to the adsorptive layer 4, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers; (e) optionally a cover layer 6 disposed on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said cover layer 6 preferably being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

[0069] The advantages and special features generally associated with the inventive concept have already been explained in detail at the beginning, so reference can be made to the relevant description above to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0070] As explained above, according to certain embodiments of the invention, it is also envisaged that the textile protective material 1 further comprises the following layer 7: (f) a further second cover layer 7 arranged on the opposite side of the fibrous support layer 2 from the adhesive layer 3 and / or connected to the adhesive layer 3, said further second cover layer 7 being present and / or configured as a preferentially gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

[0071] In other words, according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the textile protective material 1 also comprises a further second cover layer 7 arranged on the textile support layer 2 opposite the adhesive layer 3 and / or connected to the adhesive layer 3, and this further second cover layer 7 can be intended to be present and / or configured preferentially as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure.

[0072] Optionally, a second cover layer 7 is also used, inter alia, for additional protection, for increased comfort when worn, and for increased abrasion resistance.

[0073] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, according to a first aspect of the present invention (as also illustrated in Figures 1, 2A, 2B and 3), the object of the present invention is to use a protective garment 8 (i.e., a textile protective garment), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (= protective underwear), for protecting a person from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source when staying and / or working in a place where PAHs are emitted or present, and / or for protecting a person exposed to PAHs from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for use as described above according to the first aspect of the present invention. The protective garment 8 comprises or is formed from a textile protective material 1, which is configured as a multilayer textile composite comprising a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer 2, said fibrous support layer 2 being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; (b) an adhesive layer 3 applied to one side of the fibrous support layer 2, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or configured as a water vapor-permeable and / or gas-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) an adsorbent layer 4 fixed to and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3, the adsorbent layer 4 being preferably discontinuous and / or gas permeable, the adsorbent layer 4 comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a; (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 disposed on and / or connected to the adsorptive layer 4, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers; (e) optionally a cover layer 6 disposed on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said cover layer 6 being present and / or configured as a fiber sheet structure that is preferentially gas permeable.

[0074] According to a particular embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the protective suit 8 may be intended to consist of and / or to exist in the form of at least one protective garment 8a, 8b, 8c, preferably in the form of a plurality of, in particular mutually complementary, protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear).

[0075] In this respect, it is particularly preferred according to the invention that the protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c are selected from and / or are in the following forms: (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outer garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, (iii) protective headgear 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overalls, (v) protective hand covers, in particular protective gloves, and (vi) protective foot covers, in particular protective stockings, protective socks or protective footwear, as well as combinations thereof. Preferably, the protective garments are selected from and / or are in the form of (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outer garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, in particular those covering the arms, and (iii) protective headwear 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, and combinations thereof, which provide optimal protection against PAHs.

[0076] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the invention, it may be intended that the protective suit 8 is provided in the form of at least one protective garment 8a, 8b, 8c, preferably a plurality of, in particular mutually complementary, protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c, preferably a protective undergarment (protective underwear).

[0077] In this regard, according to the present invention, the protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c may in particular be intended to be selected from and / or in the form of: (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective outer garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters; (iii) protective headgear 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas; (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overalls; (v) protective hand covers, in particular protective gloves; and (vi) protective foot covers, in particular protective stockings, protective socks or protective footwear, and combinations thereof. Preferably, it is selected from and / or is in the form of: (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective outer garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, in particular arm covers; and (iii) protective headwear 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

[0078] Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is envisaged that a protective suit 8 is present, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear) and / or configured to protect the lower body, the upper body and the head. In particular, in this context, the protective suit 8 is composed of a plurality of protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c, in particular complementary to one another, in particular (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outer garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, (iii) protective hats 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overalls, (v) protective hand covers, in particular protective gloves, and (vi) It may be intended to be selected from and / or take the form of protective footwear, in particular protective stockings, socks or footwear, and combinations thereof, preferably (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outer garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, T-shirts or sweaters, in particular arm coverings, and (iii) protective headwear 8c, in particular protective head covers, hoods or balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

[0079] According to the present invention, the protective clothing 8 is preferably used and / or exists in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear). In particular, the protective clothing 8 may be intended to exist and / or consist of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular one covering the arms, and (iii) a protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava. In this way, a particularly good protection effect against PAHs is obtained.

[0080] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protective clothing 8 may be intended to be used and / or exist in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear). In this case, the protective clothing 8 exists and / or consists of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective shirt or a protective pullover, in particular one covering the arms, and (iii) a protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava. In this way, a comprehensive and particularly good protective effect against PAHs can be achieved.

[0081] In the context of the present invention, it is envisaged that the protective clothing 8 and / or protective material 1 are arranged and / or used in such a way that during and / or in use, in particular when worn, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 and / or the optionally present cover layer 6 face the source of contamination and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 and / or the optionally present cover layer 6 face away from the wearer of the protective clothing 8 and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 and / or the optionally present cover layer 6 form the outer layer of the protective clothing 8 and / or protective material 1.

[0082] In other words, in the context of the present invention, it is envisaged that the protective clothing 8 and / or protective material 1 are arranged and / or used in such a way that during use and / or in the state of use, in particular when worn, the textile support layer 2 and / or any further or second cover layer 7 face away from the source of contamination, and / or the textile support layer 2 and / or any further or second cover layer 7 face towards the wearer of the protective clothing, and / or the textile support layer 2 and / or any further or second cover layer 7 form an inner layer of the protective clothing 8 and / or protective material 1.

[0083] As already explained above, this ensures that in the event of high ambient temperatures (such as smoke during a fire), the emitted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are usually present both in gaseous and particle-bound form (such as PAH-laden tin, exhaust gases, dust particles, etc.), first impinge on the (optional) cover layer 6 and then impinge on or come into contact with the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5, before any remaining PAH pollutants come into contact with the adsorbent layer 4 or the adsorbent particles 4a present therein, resulting in the aforementioned effects and being rendered harmless.

[0084] In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is envisaged that the protective suit 8 is used as a protective undergarment (protective underwear), which allows the aforementioned advantages and features of the inventive concept to be realised, in particular allowing retrofitting to existing protective outer garments in the area in question (e.g. as a supplementary add-on to firefighter protective outer garments according to DIN EN 469 etc.).

[0085] As mentioned above, according to the present invention, the protective suit 8 is particularly preferably used as a protective undergarment (protective underwear) in combination with protective outerwear, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment. For further details in this regard, reference is also made to the above explanation of the advantages and features of the present invention.

[0086] A further object of the present invention, according to a second aspect of the invention (as also illustrated in Figures 1, 2A, 2B and 3), is the use of a textile protective material 1, in particular in the form of a protective garment 8, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (=protective underwear), for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from a pollution source, in particular for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), wherein the textile protective material 1 is configured as a multilayer textile composite comprising a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, wherein the textile protective material 1 comprises the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer 2, said fibrous support layer 2 being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure (woven fabric); (b) an adhesive layer 3 applied to one side of the fibrous support layer 2, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or configured as a water vapor-permeable and / or gas-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) an adsorbent layer 4 fixed to and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3, the adsorbent layer 4 being preferably discontinuous and / or gas permeable, the adsorbent layer 4 comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a; (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 disposed on and / or connected to the adsorbent layer 4, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer 5, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers; (e) optionally a cover layer 6 disposed on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said cover layer 6 being present and / or configured as a fiber sheet structure that is preferentially gas permeable.

[0087] In this context, according to a second aspect of the invention, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the textile protective material 1 may also be intended to comprise a layer 7: (f) a further or second cover layer 7 arranged on the opposite side of the fibrous support layer 2 from the adhesive layer 3 and / or connected to the adhesive layer 3, which further or second cover layer 7 is present and / or is configured preferentially as a gas-permeable fibrous fabric.

[0088] In other words, according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is also envisaged that in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, the textile protective material 1 further comprises a further or second cover layer 7 arranged on the textile support layer 2 opposite the adhesive layer 3 and / or connected to the adhesive layer 3, wherein the further or second cover layer 7 is preferentially present and / or configured as a gas-permeable textile fabric.

[0089] Optionally, a further or second cover layer 7 is used, inter alia, for additional protection, for further comfort to the wearer, and for increased abrasion resistance.

[0090] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention (as also illustrated in Figures 1, 2A, 2B and 3), the object of the invention is to use a textile protective material 1, in particular in the form of a protective garment 8, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from a pollution source, in particular for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in particular in applications as described above according to the second aspect of the invention, where the textile protective material 1 is configured as a multi-layer textile composite comprising a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, where the textile protective material 1 comprises the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer 2, said fibrous support layer 2 being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; (b) an adhesive layer 3 applied to one side of the fibrous support layer 2, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or configured as a water vapor-permeable and / or gas-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) an adsorbent layer 4 fixed to and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3, the adsorbent layer 4 being preferably discontinuous and / or gas permeable, the adsorbent layer 4 comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a; (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 disposed on and / or connected to the adsorptive layer 4, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers; (e) optionally a cover layer 6 disposed on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said cover layer 6 being present and / or configured as a fiber sheet structure that is preferentially gas permeable.

[0091] According to a particular embodiment of the invention according to its second aspect, the protective material 1 may be configured and / or intended to be present in the form of a protective garment 8, in particular in the form of at least one protective garment 8a, 8b, 8c, preferably in the form of several, in particular mutually complementary, protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear). In this regard, according to the present invention, the protective clothing 8 may in particular be chosen from and / or be intended to be in the following forms: (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective upper garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters; (iii) protective headgear 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas; (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overalls; (v) protective hand covers, in particular protective gloves; and (vi) protective foot covers, in particular protective stockings, protective socks or protective footwear, and combinations thereof, preferably chosen from and / or in the following forms: (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective upper garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, in particular those covering the arms; and (iii) protective headgear 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, and combinations thereof. This ensures a particularly high level of PAH protection.

[0092] According to a further particular embodiment of the invention according to the second aspect of the invention, it may further be provided that the protective material 1 is present and / or consists in the form of a protective suit 8, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for protecting the lower body, the upper body and the head. In this respect, the protective suit 8 is in particular made up of a plurality of mutually complementary protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c, in particular (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective top garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, (iii) protective headgear 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overalls, (v) protective gloves, and (vi) protective foot covers, in particular protective Preferably, the protective garment is selected from and / or takes the form of stockings, protective socks or protective footwear, and combinations thereof, and more preferably is selected from and / or takes the form of (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outer garments 8b, in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, in particular those covering the arms, and (iii) protective headwear 8c, in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, or combinations thereof, thereby ensuring a particularly high level of PAH protection.

[0093] Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the protective material 1 may be intended for use and / or to exist as a protective garment 8 in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear).

[0094] Furthermore, with regard to the second aspect of the present invention, the protective material 1 may be intended to exist and / or be configured as a protective garment 8 in the form of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective outer garment 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular one that covers the arms, and (iii) a protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava.

[0095] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention according to the second aspect of the invention, in the context of the use according to the invention, it may be intended that the protective material 1 is used and / or present as a protective garment 8 in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), whereby the protective garment 8 is present and / or consists of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective outer garment 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular an arm covering, and (iii) a protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava.

[0096] With regard to the use of the protective material 1 during or in use, the following points should be mentioned: According to the present invention, it is envisaged that the protective material 1 is arranged and / or used in such a way that, during and / or in use, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 and / or the optionally present cover layer 6 face towards a source of contamination. In other words, according to embodiments of the present invention, it is intended that the protective material 1 is arranged and / or used in such a way that, during and / or in use, the textile support layer 2 and / or the optionally present further or second cover layer 7 face away from a source of contamination.

[0097] In other words, in the application of the present invention, the protective material 1 is a protective garment 8, preferably a protective underwear. It is envisaged that the protective clothing 8 and / or the protective material 1 will be used and / or be present in the form of a protective underwear, in which the protective clothing 8 and / or the protective material 1 are arranged and / or used in such a way that during use and / or in the state of use, in particular when worn, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 and / or the optionally present cover layer 6 face the pollution source and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 and / or the optionally present cover layer 6 face away from the wearer of the protective clothing 8 and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 and / or the optionally present cover layer 6 form the outer layer of the protective clothing 8 and / or protective material 1, which are associated with the advantages and special features mentioned above.

[0098] In the present invention, the use of the present invention is implemented in such a way that the protective material 1 is used and / or is present in the form of a protective garment 8, preferably a protective undergarment (protective underwear). In this case, the protective garment 8 and / or the protective material 1 are arranged and / or used in such a way that during use and / or in the state of use, in particular when worn, the textile support layer 2 and / or any further or second cover layer 7 face away from the source of contamination and / or the textile support layer 2 and / or any further or second cover layer 7 face towards the wearer of the protective garment and / or the textile support layer 2 and / or any further or second cover layer 7 form an inner layer of the protective garment 8 and / or the protective material 1. This is associated with the advantages and special features mentioned above.

[0099] The following description of the invention relates to both the use according to the first aspect of the invention and the use according to the second aspect of the invention.

[0100] The basis weight of the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 used in accordance with the present invention can vary over a wide range. Typically, in the present invention, the total basis weight (measured in particular as dry weight) of the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 is preferably less than 200 g / m, measured in particular according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour. 2 ~1,000g / m 2 range, especially 225g / m 2 ~750g / m 2 in the range of 250 g / m 2 ~650g / m 2 more preferably in the range of 275 g / m 2 ~600g / m 2 and even more preferably in the range of 300 g / m 2 ~450g / m 2 This ensures both excellent comfort and excellent PAH protection.

[0101] The protective material 1 used according to the invention or the protective clothing 8 used according to the invention can also be configured to be inelastic or at least partially elastic. It is particularly preferred that the protective material 1 used according to the invention or the protective clothing 8 used according to the invention be configured to be at least partially elastic, in particular that the protective material 1 used according to the invention or the protective clothing 8 used according to the invention be configured to be elastic at least in areas that are exposed to mechanical stresses, in particular bending, tensile and / or tensile stresses (bending, tensile and / or tensile stresses) in the use and / or wearing state (e.g. areas such as the knees, the bends of the arms, the armpits, the groin, etc.).

[0102] As already explained, it is envisaged and preferred according to the invention that the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 are configured to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, which results in particularly good wearing comfort without compromising the good PAH protection performance.

[0103] The gas permeability, in particular the air permeability, of the protective material 1 used according to the invention or the protective clothing 8 used according to the invention can vary over a wide range. In particular, the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 can have a gas permeability, in particular an air permeability, of at least 0.5 mm / s, in particular at least 1 mm / s, preferably at least 2.5 mm / s, more preferably at least 3.5 mm / s, and even more preferably at least 5 mm / s, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237. Preferably, the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 has a gas permeability, in particular an air permeability, of up to 500 mm / s, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237. Furthermore, the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 preferably have a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascal, measured in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237, in the range of 0.5 mm / s to 500 mm / s, in particular 1 mm / s to 450 mm / s, preferably 2.5 mm / s to 400 mm / s, more preferably 3.5 mm / s to 300 mm / s, and even more preferably 5 mm / s to 250 mm / s, which allows for both particularly good wearing comfort and excellent PAH protection.

[0104] The water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) can also vary over a wide range, in which case the water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) of the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 can be up to 15 m, measured in particular according to DIN EN 343:2019. 2 Pa / Watt, especially up to 10m 2 Pa / Watt, preferably up to 8m 2 Pa / Watt, preferably up to 7m 2 Pa / Watt, even more preferably up to 6m 2 Pa / Watt, preferably up to 5m 2 The water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) of the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 is preferably Ret≦15 m Pa / Watt, measured in accordance with class 4 of DIN EN 343:2019. 2In this way, a high wearing comfort is guaranteed or possible while providing excellent protection.

[0105] The thickness, in particular the overall cross-sectional thickness, of the protective material 1 used according to the invention or of the protective clothing 8 used according to the invention can also vary over a wide range. In particular, the invention envisages that the thickness, in particular the overall cross-sectional thickness, of the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 is in the range of 0.25 mm to 25 mm, in particular in the range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm, preferably in the range of 0.6 mm to 10 mm, preferentially in the range of 0.75 mm to 5 mm, and even more preferably in the range of 0.8 mm to 2 mm, determined in particular in accordance with DIN EN ISO 5084. This ensures, on the one hand, sufficient PAH protection and, on the other hand, good wearing comfort.

[0106] For good abrasion resistance of the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8 used according to the invention, it is also advantageous if the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8 used has a defined burst pressure, a defined elongation load or elongation capacity (emulation) and a defined shrinkage rate.

[0107] In this context, according to the invention, the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 preferably has a burst pressure, measured in particular in accordance with DIN EN ISO 13938-2, of at least 50 kPa (kilopascals), in particular at least 75 kPa, preferably at least 90 kPa, more preferably at least 100 kPa.

[0108] Preferably, the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 has a burst pressure, measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 13938-2, in the range of 50 kPa (kilopascals) to 1,000 kPa, in particular 75 kPa to 800 kPa, preferably 90 kPa to 600 kPa, and more preferably 100 kPa to 500 kPa, which ensures high abrasion resistance, as described above.

[0109] Furthermore, in this context, it is more preferred according to the invention that the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 preferably has a maximum tensile force and / or maximum tensile elongation in the longitudinal and transverse directions of at least 200 Newtons, in particular at least 225 Newtons, preferably at least 250 Newtons, more preferably at least 275 Newtons, in particular determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 13934-1.

[0110] Preferably, the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 has a maximum tensile force and / or maximum tensile elongation, preferably in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in the range of 200 Newtons to 4,000 Newtons, in particular in the range of 225 Newtons to 3,750 Newtons, preferentially in the range of 250 Newtons to 3,500 Newtons, more preferably in the range of 275 Newtons to 3,000 Newtons, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1.

[0111] Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is preferred that the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 have a longitudinal and transverse elongation load and / or elongation capacity (elongation rate) of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 5%, measured at 20 Newtons according to DIN 53835-14. It is particularly preferred that the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 have a longitudinal or transverse elongation load and / or elongation capacity (elongation rate) of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, measured at 20 Newtons according to DIN 53835-14 in at least one direction, in particular the longitudinal or transverse direction. This ensures high abrasion resistance.

[0112] Furthermore, according to the invention, it is preferred that the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 have a shrinkage in the longitudinal and transverse directions of at most 10%, preferably at most 6%, measured according to DIN EN 5077. In this respect, it is particularly preferred that the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 have a shrinkage in at least one direction, in particular the longitudinal or transverse direction, of at most 10%, preferably at most 6%, preferably at most 3%, measured according to DIN EN 5077. In this way, it is ensured that the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8 used according to the invention has good abrasion resistance as well as resistance to recycling processes, in particular by washing.

[0113] As already explained at the beginning, according to the invention the protective material 1 and / or the protective suit 8 are designed to be washable, in particular washable and dryable, which allows for good recyclability and allows for repeated use, resulting in significant cost savings and sustainability.

[0114] With regard to the protective effect against particulate PAH contamination, further performance properties of the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8 used according to the invention are important, in particular the mean efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993), the integrated initial penetration Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998; DEHS aerosol, MPPS ≈ 0.1-0.3 m), and the mean deposition velocity for particles and / or aerosols. These properties or parameters are at least partially adjusted by the aerosol and / or particle filter layer 5 provided according to the invention and the optional cover layer 6.

[0115] In this context, in order to obtain good PAH protection, it is preferred that the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 have an average efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferentially at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% and / or that the protective material 1 has an average separation efficiency Am according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferentially at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99%.

[0116] Furthermore, in order to ensure good PAH protection, especially against particle-bound PAHs, the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 preferably has an overall initial permeability Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998, DEHS aerosol, MPPS ≈ 0.1-0.3 m) of at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, more preferably at most 20%, even more preferably at most 10%.

[0117] Furthermore, with regard to good PAH protection performance, in particular against particle-bound PAHs, it is advantageous if the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 have an average deposition efficiency for particles and / or aerosols with a diameter in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 μm at an incident flow velocity of 0.1 m / s of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and / or if the protective material 1 has an average separation efficiency for particles and / or aerosols with a diameter of 2 μm, in particular 1.5 μm, preferably 1.0 μm at an incident flow velocity of 0.1 m / s of at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%.

[0118] The MPPS (Most Penetrating Particle Size) criterion refers to the particle size at which the filtering material (here, protective material 1 or protective clothing 8) has the lowest separation efficiency.

[0119] Furthermore, for good PAH protection, especially against particle-bound PAHs, it is advantageous for the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 to have a separation efficiency, especially a partial separation efficiency, measured in accordance with DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals using potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance, of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90% as a minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS≈0.1 μm to 0.3 μm).

[0120] Furthermore, in view of good PAH protection performance, particularly against gaseous PAHs, the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 advantageously have a butane adsorption capacity, measured according to ASTM D5742-16, of at least 10 g / m, in particular at least 15 g / m, and preferably at least 20 g / m. The butane adsorption capacity is primarily attributable to the adsorbent layer 4 or adsorbent particles 4a, preferably activated carbon, and is a measure of the pore volume of the adsorbent layer 4 or adsorbent particles 4a. In this way, particularly good adsorption performance against PAHs is achieved. Regarding the butane adsorption capacity of activated carbon, see also the explanation below.

[0121] The above-mentioned properties, in particular the physicochemical and mechanical parameters, of the protective material 1 used in accordance with the invention or of the protective clothing 8 used in accordance with the invention can be targeted or customized to be adjusted or controlled by the selection and configuration of the individual layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, in particular the selection and configuration of the materials of the individual layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

[0122] Achieving this in specific individual cases is known and familiar to those skilled in the art, so that general expertise can be applied in this regard and no further explanation is necessary. However, more specific and detailed explanations will be given below, especially regarding the selection and combination of materials and compositions of layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

[0123] Details of the properties of the individual layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the protective material 1 used in accordance with the invention, or of the protective clothing 8 used in accordance with the invention, are described below.

[0124] With regard to the textile support layer 2 of the protective material 1 used according to the invention, the textile support layer 2 is typically constructed as a breathable textile sheet structure.

[0125] Preferably, the textile support layer 2 is configured as a breathable textile sheet structure, preferably as a knitted product, in particular as a crotch fabric or knitted fabric.

[0126] More preferably, the fibrous support layer 2 comprises or is formed from natural and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers.

[0127] Particularly preferably, the fibrous support layer 2 is made of or formed from natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (artificial fibres).

[0128] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the area weight of the fibrous support layer 2 (measured in particular as dry weight), measured in particular according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour, is 10 g / m 2 from 275 g / m 2 range, especially 15g / m 2 from 175 g / m 2 in the range of 25 g / m 2 from 150 g / m 2 in the range of 30 g / m 2 from 100g / m 2 It is expected that the range will be

[0129] The pre-structured textile support layer 2 ensures particularly good wearing comfort and good wear properties of the material.

[0130] In particular, by constructing the textile support layer 2 as a knitted product, in particular a crocheted fabric or knitted fabric, preferably based on natural fibers (more preferably cotton fibers), optionally in combination with synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), excellent stretch and tear resistance are obtained in addition to comfort when worn and excellent wear properties.

[0131] Suitable materials having the above properties for forming the above-described fibrous support layer 2 according to the present invention are known and familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0132] With regard to the adhesive layer 3 of the protective material 1 used according to the invention, the following should be mentioned.

[0133] The amount of adhesive layer 3 and / or adhesive of adhesive layer 3 applied can vary over a wide range. Generally, adhesive layer 3 and / or adhesive of adhesive layer 3 is applied and / or provided to fibrous support layer 2 in an amount ranging from 5 g / m to 80 g / m, particularly from 10 g / m to 60 g / m, and preferably from 15 g / m to 50 g / m. This simultaneously ensures good fixation of absorbent layer 4, good wearing comfort due to a low weight per unit area, and good moisture permeability.

[0134] The adhesive or adhesive polymer may be of a wide variety of materials. In particular, it is envisaged that the adhesive and / or adhesive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate (PA), polymethacrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU) and silicone, as well as mixtures or combinations of at least two of said compounds, preferably polyurethane (PU). The adhesive or adhesive polymer ensures good fixation of the absorbent layer 4 while at the same time providing a good wearing comfort and, in particular, good moisture permeability.

[0135] The adhesive and / or adhesive polymer is particularly preferably polyurethane (PU). This provides particularly good adhesion to the adsorption layer 4, and the excellent moisture permeability of polyurethane provides an excellent wearing comfort. Furthermore, even if the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a becomes wet, the deterioration of the adsorption performance due to polyurethane is minimized.

[0136] The density of the adhesive layer 3 can also vary over a wide range. In general, the density of the adhesive layer 3 is preferably in the range of 100 g / L to 500 g / L, particularly in the range of 150 g / L to 400 g / L, and even more preferably in the range of 200 g / L to 350 g / L. This reduces the weight per unit area and improves the overall wearing comfort of the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8.

[0137] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the adhesive layer 3 partially penetrates the textile support layer 2 and / or extends into the textile support layer 2. This allows for a particularly secure fixation between the textile support layer 2, the adhesive layer 3 and the absorbent layer 4. This also reduces the cross-sectional thickness of the adhesive layer 3 and thus the overall thickness of the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8, resulting in a more comfortable fit.

[0138] In general, in the context of the application of the present invention, it is envisaged that the adhesive layer 3 and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer 3 is applied and / or provided on the fibrous support layer 2 as a discontinuously formed adhesive layer that is water vapor permeable and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or based on an adhesive polymer, the adhesive layer being either in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken adhesive polymer foam, or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer 2, preferably in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken adhesive polymer foam.

[0139] In this regard, according to the present invention, it may be intended that the adhesive layer is constituted either in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular cross-linked, broken adhesive polymer foam, or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer 2, preferably in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular cross-linked, broken adhesive polymer foam.

[0140] This ensures particularly good water vapor and / or air permeability, in particular water vapor and air permeability, while at the same time providing good fixation or adhesion.

[0141] Applying the adhesive layer in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, crushed adhesive polymer foam is more preferred from an adhesion point of view, since this results in a particularly low density of the adhesive layer 3 and therefore a particularly low weight per unit area, with associated advantages and special features (i.e. increased comfort when worn, reduced overall thickness of the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8, etc.).

[0142] It is also advantageous to form the adhesive layer 3 or to have the adhesive layer in the form of a dried and / or cured, in particular crosslinked, crushed adhesive polymer foam, since the adhesive layer 3 not only securely fixes the adsorbent layer 4 on the fibrous support layer 2, but also has the function of ensuring sufficient residence time and / or convection of the gaseous PAH load to be adsorbed during use in the event of gaseous PAH contamination. This function of the adhesive layer 3 can be achieved to a certain extent when the adhesive layer 3 is bonded in the form of the above-mentioned adhesive polymer foam or when the adhesive layer 3 is configured in the form of the above-mentioned adhesive polymer foam.

[0143] The application of the adhesive layer 3, in particular the adhesive or adhesive polymer that constitutes the adhesive layer 3, according to the two aforementioned adhesive methods (i.e., in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, crushed adhesive polymer foam, or in the form of a grid of a plurality of individual adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer 2) is well known to those skilled in the art, so no further explanation is necessary in this regard, see also the description of the examples below.

[0144] As mentioned above, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is envisaged that the adhesive layer 3 and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer 3 is applied and / or provided to the fibrous support layer 2 as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on a dried and / or cured, in particular crosslinked, fractured adhesive polymer foam. The advantages associated with this embodiment have been explained in detail above.

[0145] In particular, it is envisaged that the collapsed adhesive polymeric foam comprises a plurality of foam bubbles that have been dried and / or cured, in particular crosslinked, and have been collapsed and / or ruptured and / or collapsed.

[0146] Furthermore, it can be particularly envisaged that the broken adhesive polymer foam, in particular the broken adhesive foam drying and / or hardening, in particular crosslinking, broken and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles comprise a plurality of broken and / or damaged and / or collapsed adhesive polymer walls and / or webs.

[0147] Furthermore, according to the present invention, it can be particularly envisaged that the proportion of broken and / or ruptured and / or collapsed foam bubbles relative to the total number of foam bubbles in the broken adhesive polymer foam is at least 10%, in particular at least 30%, preferentially at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%.

[0148] Furthermore, in this context, it is particularly envisaged that the proportion of broken and / or ruptured and / or collapsed foam bubbles is in the range of 10% to 100%, in particular in the range of 30% to 99.9%, preferably in the range of 50% to 99%, preferably in the range of 70% to 99%, more preferably in the range of 90% to 98%, based on the total number of foam bubbles in the broken adhesive polymer foam.

[0149] Furthermore, it is particularly envisaged that the broken adhesive polymer foam is not configured in a closed state and / or that the broken adhesive polymer foam is provided with a plurality of perforations, pores, channels and / or openings extending into the broken adhesive polymer foam and / or a plurality of perforations, pores, channels and / or openings particularly connecting the respective outsides of the broken adhesive polymer foam and / or adhesive layer.

[0150] According to the invention, it is particularly preferred that the fractured adhesive polymer foam is configured to be continuous and / or coherent.

[0151] Furthermore, it may in particular be envisaged that the crushed adhesive polymer foam is applied and / or provided on at least substantially the entire surface and / or all sides of the fibrous support layer 2 .

[0152] In particular, it is envisaged that the collapsed adhesive polymer foam has a density and / or volume weight reduced by at least 5%, in particular at least 10%, preferably at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 25% compared to a corresponding non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer, based on the non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer.

[0153] In particular, it may further be provided that the collapsed adhesive polymer foam has a reduced density and / or volumetric weight, in particular area-related, compared to a non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer, in the range of 5% to 80%, in particular in the range of 10% to 70%, preferably in the range of 15% to 60%, preferably in the range of 20% to 55%, compared to the corresponding non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer.

[0154] In particular, it is further envisaged that the fractured adhesive polymer foam has an increase in density and / or volume weight of at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, preferably at most 1%, compared to a corresponding intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam, based on the intact and / or unbroken adhesive polymer foam.

[0155] Furthermore, in particular, the ruptured adhesive polymer foam may have a reduced elasticity and / or reversible extensibility of at most 30%, in particular at most 20%, preferentially at most 10%, preferably at most 5%, compared to the corresponding intact and / or unruptured adhesive polymer foam.

[0156] Furthermore, it is particularly envisioned that the ruptured adhesive polymer foam will have reduced elasticity and / or reversible extensibility in the range of 5% to 30%, particularly in the range of 10% to 20%, compared to a corresponding intact and / or unruptured adhesive polymer foam.

[0157] Finally, in this embodiment, it is also conceivable that in particular the broken adhesive polymer foam is obtained by drying and / or curing, in particular crosslinking, of a foamed, preferably foamed under mechanical energy input, aqueous or organic-based, preferably aqueous, solution and / or dispersion of the adhesive polymer, in particular with at least partial refraction of the foam provided by the foamed solution and / or dispersion of the adhesive polymer, in particular that the drying and / or curing, in particular crosslinking, is carried out in the presence of at least one foaming agent, optionally at least one foam stabilizer, optionally at least one crosslinking agent, optionally at least one emulsifier and optionally at least one thickener.

[0158] In this regard, for details regarding this particular application form of the adhesive layer 3, in particular the application of adhesives or adhesive polymers, reference may be made in particular to WO 2017 / 016694 A1, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0159] However, according to alternative embodiments of the present invention, it is also envisaged that the adhesive layer 3 and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer 3 are applied and / or provided on the fibrous support layer 2 as a discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on a water vapor permeable and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor permeable and air permeable, and / or adhesive polymer, the adhesive layer being configured in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer 2 and / or the adhesive layer being configured in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer.

[0160] In this context, it is particularly envisaged that the adhesive layer covers up to 75% of the surface of the support layer 2, preferably up to 60% of the surface of the support layer 2, more preferably up to 50% of the surface of the support layer 2, and even more preferably up to 40% of the surface of the support layer 2. This ensures good wearing comfort, particularly high water vapor and air permeability, good fastening or adhesion, and good PAH protection performance properties.

[0161] According to the invention, it is particularly envisaged that the grid of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer 2 may be arranged regularly or irregularly.

[0162] Furthermore, it is particularly envisaged that the adhesive (polymer) dots have at least substantially the same size, particularly a size extension.

[0163] Methods for applying the adhesive layer 3 according to this embodiment, in particular the adhesive or sticky polymer, are also well known to those skilled in the art. For this purpose, for example, the adhesive polymer is applied to the fiber support 2 in the form of an adhesive polymer dispersion or in the form of a hot-melt adhesive polymer, for example by means of a stencil, followed by application of the adsorbent particles 4a of the adsorptive layer 4, after which the adhesive or sticky polymer is crosslinked and cured. For further details in this regard, please also refer to the following embodiments.

[0164] Materials suitable for forming the adhesive layer 3 suitable for the present invention having the above-mentioned properties are known and familiar to those skilled in the art, so no further explanation is necessary in this regard, including the application method, application amount, etc., and further details regarding the formation of the adhesive layer 3.

[0165] With regard to the adsorbent layer 4 of the protective material 1 used according to the invention and the adsorbent particles 4a present therein, the following should be said.

[0166] The material of the adsorbent particles 4a of the adsorbent layer 4 can vary widely. According to the invention, it is particularly envisaged that the adsorbent particles 4a of the adsorbent layer 4 are selected from the group consisting of: (i) in particular granular activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon"), spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), or fibrous activated carbon particles ("fibrous carbon"); (ii) zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites; (iii) molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves, and / or synthetic molecular sieves, in particular based on carbon, oxides and / or glass; (iv) metal oxide and / or metal particles; (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchange resins, in particular of the gel and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxide, silica gel and / or aluminum oxide; (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (metal-organic frameworks), COFs (covalent organic frameworks), ZIFs (zeolitic imidazolate frameworks), POMs (polymeric organic materials) and / or OFCs, (viii) mineral granules; (ix) clathrates, and (x) Mixtures and / or combinations thereof, Here, (i) is more preferred.

[0167] In accordance with the present invention, it is particularly preferred that the adsorbent particles 4a of the adsorption layer 4 are activated carbon particles, preferably granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles, which provide a particularly good protection against PAHs.

[0168] Suitable adsorbents or adsorbent particles 4a according to the present invention, particularly adsorbents in the form of activated carbon as described below, are commercially available or are available commercially, for example from Blucher GmbH, Erkrath / Germany, or other commercial manufacturers and suppliers of activated carbon.

[0169] Adsorbents or adsorbent particles 4a, in particular in the form of activated carbon, which can be preferably used according to the invention and have the following properties and parameters are described in particular in the following prior art documents: DE 20 2006 016 898 U1, EP 1 918 022, US 2008 / 0107589 A1, WO 01 / 83688 (PCT / EP 01 / 04615), WO 2011 / 003434 (PCT / EP 2009 / 007172), WO 2008 / 110233 (PCT / EP 2008 / 000606) and WO 2013 / 068060 (PCT / EP 2012 / 003743).

[0170] The size of the adsorbent particles 4a can also vary over a wide range. In particular, according to the present invention, the diameter of the adsorbent particles 4a, in particular activated carbon particles, is contemplated to be 0.005 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably 0.01 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.015 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.02 mm to 1.25 mm, and even more preferably 0.03 mm to 1 mm, and / or the average diameter, in particular the average diameter D50, of the adsorbent particles 4a, in particular activated carbon particles, is contemplated to be 0.01 mm to 2 mm, in particular 0.02 mm to 1.75 mm, preferably 0.03 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.04 mm to 1.25 mm, and even more preferably 0.04 mm to 1 mm. In this way, good adsorption capacity and loading capacity for PAHs are simultaneously ensured with an acceptable layer thickness.

[0171] The amount of adsorbent particles 4a present or applied can also vary over a wide range. In particular, according to the invention, the amount of adsorbent particles 4a, in particular activated carbon particles, is preferably 5 g / m 2 to 300 g / m 2 , especially 25g / m 2 from 275 g / m 2 , preferably 30 g / m 2 from 250 g / m 2 , preferably 50 g / m 2 from 200 g / m 2 and / or the protective material 1, in particular the adsorbent layer 4, is used in an amount of 5 g / m 2 of adsorbent particles 4a, in particular activated carbon particles. 2 to 300 g / m 2 , especially 25g / m 2 from 275 g / m 2 , preferably 30 g / m 2 from 250 g / m 2 , preferably 50 g / m 2 from 200 g / m 2 It is provided that the amount of

[0172] Particularly good results are obtained if the adsorbent particles 4a, in particular activated carbon particles, are obtained by carbonization and subsequent activation of particulate starting materials based on synthetic and / or non-natural substances, in particular particulate starting materials based on organic polymer particles.

[0173] Furthermore, particularly good results are obtained when the adsorbent particles 4a, in particular activated carbon particles, are obtained from a particulate starting material based on an organic polymer, in particular a sulfonated organic polymer, preferably divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably a styrene / divinylbenzene copolymer, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material, in particular when the divinylbenzene content in the starting material is in the range from 1% to 20% by weight, in particular from 1% to 15% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 12.5% ​​by weight, preferably from 2% to 10% by weight, based on the starting material.

[0174] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is envisaged that the adsorbent particles 4a, in particular the activated carbon particles, are based on and / or consist of polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC), which results in particularly good adsorption results.

[0175] The activated carbon preferably used according to the invention has good overall adsorption properties and is also characterized by the following specifications:

[0176] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorbent particles 4a of the adsorbent layer 4 are activated carbon particles, preferably granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles. In this way, particularly good adsorption results for PAHs are obtained. In particular, excellent results in terms of protection against PAHs can be achieved if the following parameters and requirements are met:

[0177] In particular, according to the invention, the activated carbon has a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to the Gurvich method, of less than 0.3 cm 3 / g~3.8cm 3 / g range, especially 0.4cm 3 / g~3.5cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g~3cm 3 / g, more preferably in the range of 0.6 cm 3 / g~2.5cm 3 / g, more preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g~1.5cm 3 / g, which ensures particularly good adsorption capacity.

[0178] In this context, it is particularly preferred that at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, is formed by pores, in particular micropores and / or mesopores, with a pore diameter of at most 50 nm, thereby achieving particularly good adsorption performance for PAHs.

[0179] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that 50% to 95%, particularly 60% to 90%, and preferably 70% to 85% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, is formed by pores having a pore diameter of up to 50 nm, in particular micropores and / or mesopores, which also achieves particularly good adsorption performance for PAHs.

[0180] Furthermore, it is particularly envisaged that 1% to 60%, in particular 5% to 50%, preferably 10% to 40%, preferably 15% to 35% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, is formed by pores with a pore diameter of more than 2 nm, in particular mesopores and / or macropores.

[0181] In particular, activated carbon has a pore volume formed by pores having a pore diameter of up to 2 nm (i.e., 2 nm or less), and in particular a micropore volume formed by carbon black of 0.05 cm 3 / g~2.5cm 3 / g, especially 0.15cm 3 / g~2cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 cm 3 / g~1.5cm 3 / g, and in particular it can further be assumed that 15% to 98%, in particular 25% to 95%, preferably 35% to 90% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon is formed by pores, in particular micropores, with a pore diameter of at most 2 nm.

[0182] In addition, activated carbon is 600m 2 / g~4,000m 2 / g, especially 800m 2 / g~3,500m 2 / g, preferably 1,000m 2 / g~3,000m 2 / g, more preferably 1,200m 2 / g~2,750m 2 / g, more preferably 1,300m 2 / g~2,500m 2 It is particularly envisaged that the carbon nanotube has a BET specific surface area in the range of / g.

[0183] Furthermore, according to the present invention, the activated carbon has a surface area formed by pores, particularly micropores, having a pore diameter of at most 2 nm, of 400 to 3,500 m 2 / g, especially 500 to 3,000 m 2 / g, preferably 600 to 2,500 m 2 / g, preferably 700 to 2,000 m 2 / g is particularly envisaged.

[0184] It is particularly envisaged that the activated carbon has a surface area formed by pores, particularly mesopores, having a pore diameter in the range of 2 nm to 50 nm, in the range of 200 to 2,000 m / g, particularly 300 to 1,900 m / g, preferably 400 to 1,800 m / g, and preferably 500 to 1,700 m / g.

[0185] Finally, according to the invention it is particularly envisaged that the average pore size of the activated carbon is in the range of 0.1 nm to 55 nm, in particular 0.2 nm to 50 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 45 nm, preferably 1 nm to 40 nm.

[0186] The activated carbon preferably used in the present invention (i.e. in the form of activated carbon particles, preferably granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles) has an abrasion resistance measured in accordance with ASTM D3802:2016 of at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, more preferably at least 99%, and even more preferably 100%. This ensures particularly good abrasion resistance under use or abrasive conditions.

[0187] The activated carbons preferably used according to the invention (i.e. in the form of activated carbon particles, preferably granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles) have a butane adsorption capacity, measured according to ASTM D5742-16, of at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 35%. Each activated carbon has a butane adsorption capacity, measured according to ASTM D5742-16, in particular in the range of 20% to 90%, in particular in the range of 30% to 85%, preferably in the range of 35% to 80%. In this way, particularly good adsorption performance for PAHs is achieved. Butane activity is a measure of the micropore volume of the activated carbon (micropores are pores with a diameter of less than 2 nm). According to the aforementioned method, butane activity determines the ability of activated carbon to adsorb butane from dry air. Butane activity is particularly defined as the slope of the adsorbed mass per mass of sample at equilibrium.

[0188] The activated carbon preferably used in the present invention (i.e., activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles) has an iodine value, measured according to ASTM D4607:2014, of at least 900 mg / g, in particular at least 1,000 mg / g, and preferably at least 1,100 mg / g. Such activated carbons have an iodine value, measured according to ASTM D4607:2014, in the range of 900 mg / g to 2,200 mg / g, in particular in the range of 1,000 mg / g to 2,100 mg / g, and preferably in the range of 1,100 mg / g to 2,000 mg / g. This results in particularly excellent adsorption performance for PAHs. The iodine value can be evaluated as a measure of the available surface area of ​​the activated carbon, which is provided primarily by mesopores, in particular small mesopores. The above iodine value indicates that the activated carbon has high mesoporosity, which are pores with diameters between 2 nm and 50 nm.

[0189] Suitable activated carbons according to the present invention are commercially available or available from, as mentioned above, inter alia, Blucher GmbH, Erkrath / Germany, or other commercial activated carbon manufacturers.

[0190] According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the adsorbent particles 4a of the adsorption layer 4 are fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3 so that at least 30%, in particular at least 40%, and preferably at least 60% of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a are not covered with adhesive (polymer) and / or so that 30% to 95%, in particular 40% to 90%, and preferably 60% to 85% of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a are not covered with adhesive (polymer), thereby ensuring good adsorption performance for PAHs.

[0191] In particular, according to the invention, in this context it can be envisaged that at least 30% of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a, in particular at least 40% of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a, preferentially at least 60% of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a, is not covered with adhesive (polymer).

[0192] Furthermore, in this context it can be envisaged that 30% to 95%, in particular 40% to 90%, preferably 60% to 85% of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a is not covered with adhesive (polymer).

[0193] Materials suitable for the present invention having the above-mentioned properties, which are used to construct the above-mentioned adsorption layer 4 or the above-mentioned adsorbent particles 4a, are known and well known to those skilled in the art, so no further explanation is necessary in this regard (see also the above explanation).

[0194] Regarding the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, the following can be said.

[0195] In the present invention, it is particularly envisaged that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is present and / or is constituted as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure consisting of a plurality of individual fibres with a fibre diameter of 10 nm to 30 μm, preferably 50 nm to 10 μm, and preferably having an areal weight (measured in particular as dry weight) measured in accordance with DIN EN 12127 of 2 g / m after drying, preferably at 105° C. for 1 hour. 2 ~100g / m 2 , especially 5g / m 2 ~90g / m 2 , more preferably 10 g / m 2 ~80g / m 2 This provides both a good wearing comfort and good protection performance.

[0196] Furthermore, in accordance with the present invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 has a weight per unit area (measured in particular as dry weight), measured in particular according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour, of 2 g / m 2 ~100g / m 2 range, especially 5g / m 2 ~90g / m 2 more preferably in the range of 10 g / m 2 ~80g / m 2 It is particularly envisaged that the range

[0197] In the present invention, it is generally assumed that the fiber diameter of the fibers in the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is in the range of 10 nm to 30 μm, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 10 μm, thereby ensuring good protection performance of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5.

[0198] Furthermore, the present invention particularly envisages the use of synthetic fibres (artificial fibres) as textile fibres for the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5, in particular from the group consisting of polyesters (PES), polyolefins (e.g. polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene), polyvinyl chloride (CLF), polyvinylidene chloride (CLF), acetate (CA), triacetate (CTA), polyacrylic resins (PAN), in particular polyacrylonitrile, polyamide (PA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyurethane, polyvinyl ester, poly(meth)acrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and mixtures thereof (more preferably polyurethane), polyesters, polyolefins, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, poly(meth)acrylate, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and mixtures thereof (even more preferably polyurethane). Polyurethane fibres are particularly preferred, as they ensure a high wearing comfort, in particular with regard to the water vapor permeability of the material.

[0199] Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is envisaged that polyurethane fibres are used as fibres in the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 .

[0200] Typically, it is envisaged that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is configured as a nonwoven or fiber composite, in particular as a nonwoven, more preferably as a nonwoven.

[0201] In a particular embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is configured and / or present as a nonwoven or fiber composite, in particular as a nonwoven, more preferably as a nonwoven of polyurethane fibers.

[0202] Finally, the present invention contemplates that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is produced by electrospinning, meltblowing, or a combination of these two methods, preferably a combination of electrospinning and meltblowing, which results in particularly good performance of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5. Most preferably, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is produced by a combination of electrospinning and meltblowing, which results in the formation of regions with different densities in the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5, resulting in good overall performance.

[0203] Regarding the placement and fixation of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 within the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8, the following points should be kept in mind.

[0204] In particular, according to the invention, it can be envisaged that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is arranged directly on the adsorbent layer 4, in particular fixed on and / or to the adsorbent layer 4, preferably laminated to the adsorbent layer 4.

[0205] Furthermore, it can be envisaged in the present invention that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is fixed onto and / or to the adsorbent layer 4, preferably by lamination, and in particular that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is fixed onto and / or to the cover layer 6 as well, preferably by lamination.

[0206] Finally, the present invention envisages that the particle filter layer and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is fixed onto and / or to the adsorption layer 4, preferably by lamination, and that the particle filter layer and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is fixed onto and / or to the cover layer 6, preferably by lamination.

[0207] According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, it is further envisaged that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is formed of fibers, in particular synthetic fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, and / or is a fiber sheet structure formed from synthetic fibers, with a plurality of pores or meshes separated by the fibers. In particular, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 has an average pore diameter or mesh size of 200 μm or less, in particular 100 μm or less, preferably 75 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, even more preferably 40 μm or less, even more preferably 10 μm or less, and / or in particular an average pore diameter or mesh size of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 in the range from 0.5 μm to 200 μm, in particular 0.75 μm to 100 μm, preferably 1 μm to 75 μm, more preferably 1.5 μm to 50 μm, even more preferably a particle diameter in the range from 1.75 μm to 40 μm, even more preferably 2 μm to 10 μm. This ensures particularly good performance of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 used in the method according to the invention.

[0208] Furthermore, the present invention contemplates that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 comprises pores or meshes, in particular a plurality of pores or meshes. In particular, the average pore diameter or mesh size is 200 μm or less, in particular 100 μm or less, preferably 75 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, even more preferably 40 μm or less, and / or the average pore diameter or mesh size is in the range of 0.5 μm to 200 μm, in particular 0.75 μm to 100 μm, preferably 1 μm to 75 μm, more preferably 1.5 μm to 50 μm, even more preferably 1.75 μm to 40 μm, and more preferably 2 μm to 10 μm for particle diameters. In this way, particularly good performance of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is achieved.

[0209] According to a further particular embodiment of the present invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 can be formed by and / or is a fibrous sheet structure formed from fibers, in particular synthetic fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, with pores or meshes defined by the fibers. In particular, the ratio of the average pore or mesh size to the average fiber diameter is in the range of 0.1 to 2,000, in particular in the range of 1 to 500, preferably in the range of 5 to 350, more preferably in the range of 10 to 300, and even more preferably in the range of 25 to 250.

[0210] Furthermore, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 used according to the invention is defined by several performance parameters in order to ensure a particularly good protective performance within the protective material 1 or protective clothing 8 .

[0211] In particular, according to the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 has an average efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%, and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 has an average separation efficiency Am according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99%.

[0212] Furthermore, according to the invention, it is envisaged that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 has an integrated initial permeability Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998; DEHS aerosol, MPPS=0.1-0.3 μm) of 60% or less, in particular 50% or less, preferably 40% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and even more preferably 20% or less.

[0213] Furthermore, in the present invention, it is assumed that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 has an average separation efficiency of 80% or more, particularly 90% or more, and preferably 95% or more for particles and / or aerosols having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 μm at an incident flow velocity of 0.1 m / s, and / or that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 has an average separation efficiency of 95% or more, particularly 98% or more, and preferably 99% or more for particles and / or aerosols having a diameter of 2 μm or more, particularly 1.5 μm or more, and preferably 1.0 μm or more at an incident flow velocity of 0.1 m / s.

[0214] In the context of the present invention, it is also envisaged that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 has a separation efficiency, in particular a fractional separation efficiency, measured in accordance with DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals using potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance, of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, as minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS=0.1 μm to 0.3 μm).

[0215] The particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 configured as described above provides good protection and a good wearing comfort, and in particular sufficient water vapor and air permeability.

[0216] The thickness of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 can vary within a wide range. In particular, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5, measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 5084, is envisaged to be in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.01 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 1 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.05 mm to 0.8 mm.

[0217] Furthermore, according to the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is preferably configured as a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air or Particulate Air) or ULPA filter (Ultra Low Efficiency Particulate Air or Particulate Air).

[0218] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is a breathable fibrous sheet structure formed by and / or from fibers, in particular polyurethane fibers, with a fiber diameter of 10 nm to 30 μm, preferably 50 nm to 10 μm, in the form of a nonwoven fabric, preferably with a basis weight (measured in particular according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour) of 2 g / m 2 ~100g / m 2 , especially 5g / m 2 ~90g / m 2 , more preferably 10 g / m 2 ~80g / m 2 Here, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is constructed by electrospinning, meltblowing, or a combination of these two methods, thereby achieving particularly good performance of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 and at the same time providing an excellent wearing comfort, especially with regard to water vapor permeability and gas permeability.

[0219] Materials suitable for constituting the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 according to the invention having the above-mentioned properties are known and familiar to those skilled in the art, so no further explanation is necessary in this regard (see, for example, EP 1 825 899, US 8 062 411, US 2007 / 0240576 A1, EP 2 160 228, US 8 366 816, etc.).

[0220] With regard to the textile cover layer 6, the following points need to be mentioned.

[0221] In particular, the present invention envisages that the cover layer 6 is preferentially configured and / or present as a gas-permeable woven sheet structure, as previously mentioned.

[0222] Preferably, according to the invention, it is envisaged that the cover layer 6 is constructed as a breathable textile sheet structure, preferably a knitted product, in particular a crocheted or knitted textile.

[0223] In particular, according to the method of the present invention, the cover layer 6 comprises or is formed from natural and / or synthetic fibers (man-made fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers.

[0224] Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, it can be envisaged that the cover layer 6 comprises or is formed from natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (artificial fibres).

[0225] Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, the cover layer 6 can be made to contain or be made of natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers, optionally in combination with synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably elastane fibers, so that the cover layer 6 has good elasticity and stretchability, thereby providing good durability and resilience in use.

[0226] Finally, according to the invention, the weight per unit area of ​​the cover layer 6 (measured in particular as dry weight) is 10 g / m 2 ~275g / m 2 range, especially 15g / m 2 ~175g / m 2 in the range of 25 g / m 2 ~150g / m 2 in the range of 30 g / m 2 ~100g / m 2 and is measured in particular in accordance with DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour.

[0227] Materials suitable for forming the cover layer 6 according to the invention having the above-mentioned properties are known and familiar to those skilled in the art, so no further explanation is necessary in this regard.

[0228] Finally, with regard to the further or second cover layer 7, the following should be noted.

[0229] In particular, the present invention can envisage that a further or second cover layer 7 is configured and / or present as a preferably gas-permeable textile sheet structure.

[0230] Furthermore, the invention allows for the further or second cover layer 7 to be constructed as an air-permeable textile sheet structure, preferably as knitwear, in particular as a crocheted or knitted textile.

[0231] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, the further or second cover layer 7 may comprise or be made of natural and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers.

[0232] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, the further or second cover layer 7 may comprise or be made of natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (man-made fibres).

[0233] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it can be envisaged that the further or second cover layer 7 is made of or formed from natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (artificial fibres), preferably elastane fibres.

[0234] Finally, in the present invention, the weight per unit area of ​​the further or second cover layer 7 (measured in particular as dry weight) is 10 g / m 2 ~275g / m 2 range, especially 15g / m 2 ~175g / m 2 in the range of 25 g / m 2 ~150g / m 2 in the range of 30 g / m 2 ~100g / m 2 and is measured in particular in accordance with DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour.

[0235] Suitable materials according to the invention for forming the further or second cover layer 7 as described above are known and familiar to those skilled in the art and therefore no further explanation is required in this regard.

[0236] Based on the formation of the individual layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, as mentioned at the outset, a particularly high-performance protective material 1 or a particularly high-performance protective garment 8 is provided, with the advantages and special features mentioned above.

[0237] According to a more preferred embodiment of the invention according to the first aspect of the invention, the object of the invention is the use of a protective garment 8, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for protecting a person from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source and / or for protecting a person exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination") when staying and / or working in a place where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular when used as described above according to the first aspect of the invention, The protective clothing 8 includes or is made of a textile protective material 1, the textile protective material 1 is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; The textile protective material 1 comprises the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer 2, which is preferably present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure, preferably a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric, and which comprises or is formed from natural and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers; (b) an adhesive layer 3 applied to one side of the fibrous support layer 2, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or configured as a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably an adhesive layer based on an adhesive polymer, said adhesive layer being either in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken adhesive polymer foam, or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer 2, preferably in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken adhesive polymer foam, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or partially penetrating and / or extending into the fibrous support layer 2; (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer 4 fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3, said adsorbent layer 4 comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a, said adsorbent particles 4a of said adsorbent layer 4 being activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles, in particular said adsorbent particles 4a of said adsorbent layer 4 being fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3 such that 30% to 95% of the surface of said adsorbent particles 4a is not covered by adhesive (polymer); (d) a layer 5, preferably a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5, arranged on and / or connected to the particle and / or aerosol filter adsorptive layer 4, which particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is present and / or consists of a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure in the form of a nonwoven fabric (nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers, in particular polyurethane fibers, with a fiber diameter in the range of 10 nm to 5 μm, and which particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is produced by electrospinning, meltblowing or preferably a combination of these two methods, (e) optionally a cover layer 6 arranged on the particle and aerosol filter layer 5 and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said cover layer 6 being preferably present and / or formed as a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric, preferably as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure, said cover layer 6 being formed from natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (artificial fibres), preferably elastane fibres; the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 are configured to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable, In particular, the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 has a gas permeability, in particular an air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascal, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237, in the range of 0.5 mm / s to 500 mm / s, in particular in the range of 1 mm / s to 450 mm / s, preferably in the range of 2.5 mm / s to 400 mm / s, more preferably in the range of 3.5 mm / s to 300 mm / s, even more preferably in the range of 5 mm / s to 250 mm / s, In particular, the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 has a water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) of 15 m 2 Pa / Watt or less, especially 10m 2 Pa / Watt or less, preferably 8m 2 Pa / Watt or less, with 7m as the priority 2 Pa / Watt or less, even more preferably 6m 2 Pa / Watt or less, more preferably 5m 2 Pa / Watt or less, and / or the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 has a separation efficiency, in particular a fractional separation efficiency, of at least 90% as a minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS=0.1 μm to 0.3 μm) measured in accordance with DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals using potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance, and / or the protective material 1 and / or protective garment 8 has a butane adsorption of at least 20 g / m as measured according to ASTM D5742-16.2 and; In particular, the protective clothing 8 is used as a protective undergarment in combination with a protective outer garment, in particular in combination with a protective work garment, preferably in combination with personal protective equipment; and / or the protective clothing 8 consists of and / or is present in the form of at least one protective garment 8a, 8b, 8c, preferably in the form of a plurality of protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c, in particular complementary to one another, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment and / or preferably for protecting the lower body, the upper body and the head, in particular (i) a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective outer garment 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, (iii) a protective (iv) protective overalls, a protective one-piece suit or a protective overall suit; (v) protective hand coverings, in particular protective gloves; and (vi) protective foot coverings, in particular protective stockings, socks or footwear, and combinations thereof, and more preferably selected from (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective pants; (ii) protective outerwear 8b, in particular protective shirts, T-shirts or sweaters, in particular those covering the arms; and (iii) protective hats 8c, in particular protective head coverings, hoods or balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

[0238] According to a more preferred embodiment of the invention, according to a second aspect of the invention, the object of the invention is the use of a textile protective material 1, in particular in the form of a protective garment 8, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for use as described above in accordance with the second aspect of the invention, for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from a pollution source, in particular for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the textile protective material 1 is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; The textile protective material 1 comprises the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer 2, which is preferably present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure, preferably a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric, and which comprises or is formed from natural and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers; (b) an adhesive layer 3 applied to one side of the fibrous support layer 2, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or configured as a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably an adhesive layer based on an adhesive polymer, said adhesive layer being either in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken adhesive polymer foam, or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer 2, preferably in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken adhesive polymer foam, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or partially penetrating and / or extending into the fibrous support layer 2; (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer 4 fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3, said adsorbent layer 4 comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a, said adsorbent particles 4a of said adsorbent layer 4 being activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles, in particular said adsorbent particles 4a of said adsorbent layer 4 being fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3 such that 30% to 95% of the surface of said adsorbent particles 4a is not covered by adhesive (polymer); (d) a layer 5, preferably a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5, arranged on and / or connected to the particle and / or aerosol filter adsorptive layer 4, which particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is present and / or consists of a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure in the form of a nonwoven fabric (nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers, in particular polyurethane fibers, with a fiber diameter in the range of 10 nm to 5 μm, and which particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is produced by electrospinning, meltblowing or preferably a combination of these two methods, (e) optionally a cover layer 6 arranged on the particle and aerosol filter layer 5 and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said cover layer 6 being preferably present and / or formed as a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric, preferably as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure, said cover layer 6 being formed from natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (artificial fibres), preferably elastane fibres; the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 are configured to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable, In particular, the protective material 1 and / or protective clothing 8 has a gas permeability, in particular an air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascal, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237, in the range of 0.5 mm / s to 500 mm / s, in particular in the range of 1 mm / s to 450 mm / s, preferably in the range of 2.5 mm / s to 400 mm / s, more preferably in the range of 3.5 mm / s to 300 mm / s, even more preferably in the range of 5 mm / s to 250 mm / s, In particular, the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 has a water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) of 15 m 2 Pa / Watt or less, especially 10m 2 Pa / Watt or less, preferably 8m 2 Pa / Watt or less, with 7m as the priority 2 Pa / Watt or less, even more preferably 6m 2 Pa / Watt or less, more preferably 5m 2 Pa / Watt or less, and / or the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 has a separation efficiency, in particular a fractional separation efficiency, of at least 90% as a minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS=0.1 μm to 0.3 μm) measured in accordance with DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals using potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance, and / or the protective material 1 and / or protective garment 8 has a butane adsorption of at least 20 g / m as measured according to ASTM D5742-16. 2 and; In particular, the protective suit 8 is used as a protective undergarment (protective underwear) in combination with a protective outer garment, in particular in combination with a protective workwear, preferably in combination with personal protective equipment; and / or the protective clothing 8 consists of and / or is present in the form of at least one protective garment 8a, 8b, 8c, preferably in the form of a plurality of protective garments 8a, 8b, 8c, in particular complementary to one another, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), and / or preferably for protecting the lower body, the upper body and the head, in particular (i) a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, (iii) a protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover, a protective hood or a protective balaclava, (iv) a protective overcoat (v) protective hand coverings, particularly protective gloves, and (vi) protective foot coverings, particularly protective stockings, socks or footwear, and combinations thereof, and more preferably selected from (i) protective leg garments 8a, particularly protective pants; (ii) protective outer garments 8b, particularly protective shirts, T-shirts or sweaters, particularly those covering the arms; and (iii) protective headgear 8c, particularly protective head coverings, hoods or balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

[0239] Furthermore, it is conceivable according to the invention that the protective material 1 used according to the invention and / or the protective clothing 8 used according to the invention are provided with a flame-retardant or flame-resistant finish, in particular a flame-retardant or flame-resistant finish based on halogen- and / or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, preferably phosphate esters, phosphonates, phosphinates. In particular, the flame-retardant or flame-resistant finish is preferably achieved according to the invention by impregnating the protective material 1 and / or the protective clothing 8 with a flame retardant, thereby providing an even greater level of protection.

[0240] The use of the present invention according to both the first and second aspects of the invention allows for numerous applications.

[0241] The use according to the first aspect of the invention as well as the use according to the second aspect of the invention can therefore be used in particular to protect people from gases, in particular exhaust or flue gases, containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from combustion and / or high temperature processes, in particular from fires, coke plants, foundries, ironworks, smelting processes, metal and steel manufacturing and treatment processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt manufacturing and treatment processes, glass manufacturing and treatment processes, refractory manufacturing and treatment processes or therein.

[0242] Furthermore, the uses of the present invention according to both the first and second aspects of the present invention can be used in particular when the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons originate from gases, in particular exhaust gases or flue gases, from combustion and / or high temperature processes, in particular from fires, coke plants, foundries, steel mills, smelting processes, metal and steel manufacturing and treatment processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt manufacturing and treatment processes, glass manufacturing and treatment processes, refractory manufacturing and treatment processes or in fires, in particular exhaust gases or flue gases.

[0243] Furthermore, the use of the invention according to both the first and second aspects of the invention can be used in particular when the protected persons are firefighters or workers in coke plants, foundries, iron and steel mills, smelting processes, metal and steel manufacturing and processing processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt manufacturing and processing processes, glass manufacturing and processing processes, refractory manufacturing and processing processes, preferably firefighters.

[0244] Preferably, the use of the present invention, both according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, can be used to protect firefighters from gases containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular exhaust or flue gases, especially from fires. In particular, the protective suit 8 can be used as a protective undergarment in combination with a protective top garment, in particular in combination with protective workwear, preferably in combination with personal protective equipment, preferably in combination with a protective top garment for firefighters in accordance with DIN EN 469. In particular, the protective suit 8 can be used in this context in the form of a protective undergarment, and / or can exist as a combination of (i) protective leg garments 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective top garment 8b, in particular a protective shirt, protective T-shirt or protective sweater, in particular one covering the arms, and (iii) protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover or protective balaclava.

[0245] Yet another object of the present invention, according to a third aspect thereof, is to provide a method for protecting persons from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source when staying and / or working in a place where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, and / or a method for protecting persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular a method for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), The method comprises the step of providing a person with and / or providing, in particular wearing, protective clothing 8, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), The protective clothing 8 includes or is made of a textile protective material 1, The textile protective material 1 is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material including a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, The textile protective material 1 comprises the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer 2, said fibrous support layer 2 being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; (b) an adhesive layer 3 applied to one side of the fibrous support layer 2, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or configured as a water vapor-permeable and / or gas-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer preferably based on an adhesive polymer, (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer 4 fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3, said adsorbent layer 4 comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a; (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 disposed on and / or connected to the adsorptive layer 4, preferably the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers; (e) optionally a cover layer 6 disposed on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, said cover layer 6 being preferentially present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

[0246] In particular, the method of the present invention is used to protect people from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing gases, in particular exhaust or flue gases, arising from combustion and / or high-temperature processes, in particular from fires, coke plants, foundries, steel mills, smelting processes, metal and steel manufacturing and treatment processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt manufacturing and treatment processes, glass manufacturing and treatment processes, refractory manufacturing and treatment processes, or from or during a fire.

[0247] More preferably, the method of the present invention is used to protect firefighters from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing gases, particularly exhaust or flue gases, from fires.

[0248] In particular, as mentioned above in connection with the application of the present invention, the protective suit 8 can be used as a protective undergarment (protective underwear) in combination with a protective outer garment, in particular a protective work suit, preferably personal protective equipment, preferably a firefighter's protective outer garment in accordance with DIN EN 469.

[0249] In particular, as mentioned above in relation to the application of the present invention, the protective clothing 8 may be used and / or exist in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), in which case the protective clothing 8 exists and / or consists of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective outer garment 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular one covering the arms, and (iii) a protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava.

[0250] For further details of the aforementioned method according to the third aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above descriptions of the aforementioned uses according to the first and second aspects of the invention, which descriptions also apply, as appropriate, in relation to the method according to the invention.

[0251] Similarly, according to a fourth aspect of the invention, another object of the invention is a protective clothing combination for protecting persons from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources and / or for protecting persons in particular exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination") and / or for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination") and / or for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from pollution sources, preferably for protecting persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, The protective clothing combination comprises: (A) protective outerwear, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment, preferably firefighter protective outerwear in accordance with DIN EN 469; and (B) Protective clothing 8 in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), in particular the protective clothing 8 being present and / or consisting of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment 8a, in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket 8b, in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular covering the arms, and (iii) a protective headgear 8c, in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava; The protective clothing 8 comprises or is formed from a textile protective material 1, the textile protective material 1 is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; The textile protective material 1 comprises the following layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, preferably in the following order: (a) A fibrous support layer 2, said fibrous support layer 2 being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure. (b) an adhesive layer 3 applied to one side of the fibrous support layer 2, said adhesive layer 3 being present and / or configured as a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) an adsorbent layer 4 fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer 3, preferably discontinuous and / or gas permeable, wherein the adsorbent layer 4 comprises or is formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a; (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 disposed on and / or connected to the adsorbent layer 4, preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer 5, wherein said particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers. (e) optionally a cover layer 6 disposed on and / or connected to the particle and aerosol filter layer 5, wherein said cover layer 6 is preferably present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

[0252] For further details regarding the combination of protective clothing according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, reference may be made to the above descriptions regarding the other aspects of the present invention (i.e., the first to third aspects of the present invention), which also apply, as appropriate, to the combination of protective clothing according to the present invention.

[0253] Finally, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, it is a further object of the present invention to use a protective clothing combination of the present invention as described in the fourth aspect of the present invention for protecting persons from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from pollution sources and / or for protecting persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination") (see claim 67), when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, or a protective clothing combination of the present invention as described in the fourth aspect of the present invention for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from pollution sources, in particular for protecting persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (see claim 68).

[0254] For further details of the use according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, reference may be made to the above descriptions relating to the other aspects of the present invention (i.e., the first to fourth aspects of the present invention), which descriptions equally apply to the use according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.

[0255] Thus, the overall result of the present invention is a highly efficient, highly economical, and highly sustainable concept for providing high-performance protection against both gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This allows for highly effective protection of people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from pollution sources when staying and / or working in areas where PAHs are emitted or present. It also provides highly effective protection of people exposed to PAHs from PAH contamination, and in particular prevents or minimizes PAH contamination. A particular advantage here is that the concept of the present invention can be implemented or realized, if necessary, in combination with protective outerwear, particularly protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment (PPE), already in use or customarily used in the area. As a result, a highly efficient and powerful, highly economical, and highly sustainable protection concept for protecting people from PAH contamination against gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is realized.

[0256] Further embodiments, modifications, variations, configurations, special features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification and may be realized without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0257] The present invention is illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention. [Example]

[0258] Provision of protective textile materials and protective clothing used in the form of underwear Different fiber protective materials were manufactured, namely, two protective materials used in accordance with the present invention (protective materials A1 and A2) and two comparative protective materials (protective materials B1 and B2). Each of the protective materials A1, A2, B1, and B2 was processed by known methods to form the three-part underwear shown in FIG. 3 (an underwear consisting of (i) protective pants, (ii) a protective shirt covering the arms, and (iii) a protective hood / balaclava). This resulted in four different underwear combinations, each consisting of three parts. These will be referred to below as "Protective Underwear A1" and "Protective Underwear A2" (both according to the present invention), and "Protective Underwear B1" and "Protective Underwear B2" (both comparative products), depending on the protective materials used to manufacture them. Another comparative protective underwear ("Protective Underwear B3") was a commercially available two-layer firefighting underwear with an outer wool layer and an inner viscose layer, used by European firefighters.

[0259] The terms "inside" and "outside" (e.g., inner layer and outer layer) in the present invention refer to the state of use or wearing. In particular, the inner layer of a textile protective material or protective garment faces away from the source of PAH contamination or toward the wearer and is in contact with the skin, while the outer layer of a textile protective material or protective garment faces away from the source of PAH contamination or away from the wearer.

[0260] Each of the protective underwear "Protective Underwear A1" and "Protective Underwear A2" according to the present invention has the structure of the protective material shown in Figure 1 (but without the further or second cover layer 7), with the cover layer 6 forming the outer layer and the textile support layer 2 forming the inner layer. The layer structure of "Protective Underwear A1" and "Protective Underwear A2" is therefore as follows (the reference numbers have the above-mentioned meanings): 2 (inner) / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 (outer)

[0261] "Protective underwear A1" and "Protective underwear A2" differ from each other in that in "Protective underwear A1", the adhesive layer 3 is in the form of a dried and hardened, i.e. cross-linked, crushed adhesive polymer foam (corresponding to Figure 2A), whereas in "Protective underwear A2", the adhesive layer 3 is composed of a regular lattice of numerous individual adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the textile support layer 2 (corresponding to Figure 2B).

[0262] The comparative underwear "protective underwear B1" differs from the "underwear A1" of the present invention in that it does not have a particle / aerosol filter layer 5 (i.e., the layer structure of "protective underwear B1" is 2 layers (inner) / 3 layers / 4 layers / 6 layers (outer)).

[0263] On the other hand, the comparative underwear "protective underwear B2" differs from the "underwear A1" of the present invention in that it does not have an adsorption layer 4 (i.e., the layer structure of "protective underwear B2" is 2 (inner) / 3 / 5 / 6 (outer)).

[0264] The properties of each layer are as follows: As textile support layer 2, a gas-permeable textile fabric in the form of knitwear (ie, knitted fabric) made of cotton fibres is used.

[0265] The adhesive layer 3 is constructed as a water vapor and gas permeable or discontinuous adhesive layer based on a polyurethane adhesive polymer, and is applied to the fiber support layer 2 so as to partially penetrate the fiber support layer 2 or to extend to the fiber support layer 2 (application amount: dry weight approximately 30 g / m 2 ).

[0266] The discontinuously formed gas-permeable adsorbent layer 4, fixed or adhered to the fibrous support layer 2 by the adhesive layer 3, comprises a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a in the form of spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon") (coating weight: approximately 38 g / m). 2 ) and the adsorbent particles 4a are fixed or adhered to the adhesive layer 3 so that 50% or more of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a is not covered with the adhesive (polymer) (confirmed by analysis using SEM images).

[0267] The properties of the activated carbon used as the adsorbent particles 4a are as follows: Total pore volume (previous maximum volume according to Gurvich): about 1.3 cm3 / g, of which more than 65% are pores with a pore diameter of <50 nm; BET specific surface area: about 2,200 m 2 / g, average particle diameter: approximately 0.06 mm, activated carbon particles based on polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC), produced by carbonization and subsequent activation of a synthetic granular starting material based on organic polymer particles (a sulfonated organic polymer based on divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene). The activated carbon has an attrition resistance of approximately 100% as measured in accordance with ASTM D3802:2016. The butane adsorption is 55% as measured in accordance with ASTM D5742-16, and the iodine value is approximately 1,250 mg / g as measured in accordance with ASTM D4607:2014.

[0268] The protective materials of the undergarments A1 and A2, and B1 and B2, are produced by laminating the individual layers together in a manner known per se.

[0269] First, an adhesive layer 3 is applied to a fibrous support layer 2 to produce the protective materials A1, A2, B1 and B2.

[0270] For the protective materials A1 and B1, the procedure is as described in WO 2017 / 016694 A1 (see also FIG. 2A). For this purpose, an aqueous solution or dispersion of a polyurethane adhesive polymer, pre-foamed by the input of mechanical energy, is applied to the fibrous support layer 2 (wet application rate: 60 g / m). 2 , approximately 0.2-0.4 mm thick; dispersed adhesive). During this process, the adhesive polymer partially penetrates the fiber support layer 2. Next, while the adhesive polymer is still wet, the adsorbent particles 4a are applied or secured by sprinkling and gently pressing, ensuring that no more than 50% of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a is covered with the adhesive polymer. The adhesive polymer solution or dispersion is then dried and cured to further secure the adsorbent particles 4a, forming or maintaining a cured adhesive layer 3 comprising dried and cured crushed adhesive polymer foam or crushed foam (drying and curing temperature: 100°C-150°C). For protective material B2, the procedure is similar, except that the application of the absorbent layer 4 or adsorbent particles 4a is omitted.

[0271] On the other hand, in the case of the protective material A2 (see also FIG. 2B), a molten polyurethane adhesive polymer (hot melt adhesive) is applied or printed via a stencil so that numerous individual adhesive polymer dots are distributed in a regular grid pattern on the fiber support layer 2 (the adhesive polymer partially penetrates the fiber support layer 2). Next, while the adhesive polymer is not yet crosslinked, the adsorbent particles 4a are sprinkled and lightly pressed onto the surface to apply or fix them. However, the adhesive polymer should not cover more than 50% of the surface of the adsorbent particles 4a. The adhesive polymer is then cured or crosslinked to further fix the adsorbent particles 4a.

[0272] The remaining layers 5 and 6 (i.e., particle and aerosol filter layer 5 and textile cover layer 6) are laminated onto the adsorptive layer 4 having a plurality of individual adsorbent particles 4a and, in the case of protective materials A1 and A2 (i.e., particle and aerosol filter layer 5 and textile cover layer 6), are fixed to the textile support layer 2 via adhesive layer 3 in a manner known per se, except that in the case of comparative protective material B1, particle and aerosol filter layer 5 is omitted (i.e., only textile cover layer 6 is laminated directly onto the adsorptive layer 4).

[0273] The production of comparative protective material B2 is carried out in a corresponding manner, except that the adsorption layer 4 is omitted as described above.

[0274] This results in two protective materials A1 and A2 on the one hand, and two comparative protective materials (i.e., protective materials B1 and B2) on the other hand, where the aforementioned protective materials A1, A2, B1 and B2 are all processed or produced in a known manner to form a three-part underwear as shown in Figure 3 (an underwear consisting of (i) protective trousers, (ii) a protective shirt covering the arms, and (iii) a protective hood / protective balaclava).

[0275] This results in four different underwear combinations, each consisting of three parts: "Protective Underwear A1" and "Protective Underwear A2" (both based on the present invention) and "Protective Underwear B1" and "Protective Underwear B2" (both comparison products).

[0276] Various properties of the protective undergarment are then measured and recorded.

[0277] The following properties have been measured for the protective materials or protective underwear A1 and A2 of the present invention: Total surface weight (measured as dry weight after drying at 105°C for 1 hour according to DIN EN 12127): 340±20g / m 2 Thickness (total cross-sectional thickness according to DIN EN ISO 5084): approx. 1.2 mm Air permeability (flow resistance) according to DIN EN ISO9237: 5mm / s or more Moisture permeability (Ret) according to DIN EN 343:2019: up to 15m2Pa / Watt Burst pressure according to DIN EN ISO13938-2: at least 100 kPa (kilopascals) Maximum tensile force (elongation) according to DIN EN ISO13934-1: over 200 Newtons Elongation load / elongation capacity (elongation) at 20 Newtons in both longitudinal and transverse directions according to DIN 53835-14: 5% or more Shrinkage in both longitudinal and transverse directions according to DIN EN 5077: 5% or less Separation efficiency, especially fractional separation efficiency: 90% or more (according to DIN EN 1822) measured at minimum efficiency (MPPS, especially MPPS = 0.1 μm to 0.3 μm) using potassium chloride (KCl) as test substance at a pressure difference of 15 Pa. Butane adsorption (measured according to ASTM D5742-16): at least 20g / m 2

[0278] Applicability testing of provided textile protective materials and protective clothing The aforementioned underwear A1 (invention), A2 (invention), B1 (comparison), B2 (comparison) and B3 (comparison) are tested for their protective effect against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under fire gas exposure conditions, in which the underwear is combined with a standard firefighter's protective jacket in accordance with DIN EN 469 and a standard breathing apparatus.

[0279] First, the subject is fitted with an appropriate PAH sensor, which is attached to the skin of the neck, chest, upper arm, thigh, and lower back. A passive air sampler made of polyurethane foam is used as the PAH sensor (see B. Strandberg et al., "Evaluation of Polyurethane Foam Passive Air Samplers (PUFs) as a Tool for Occupational PAH Measurement," Sphere, Vol. 190 (January 2018), pp. 35-42). The PAH sensor is attached directly to the skin in each case and analyzed after the test. The polyurethane foam PAH sensor is circular (approximately 14 cm in diameter) and is attached directly to the skin using adhesive.

[0280] Five firefighters each wore the protective clothing (combined breathing apparatus and appropriate underwear) described above in accordance with DIN EN 469 (i.e., five in underwear A1, five in underwear A2, five in underwear B1, five in underwear B2, and five in underwear B3). These subjects had previously attached PAH sensors to their skin at designated sites.

[0281] The test involves setting a specified fire in a sealed steel vessel to generate a specified amount of smoke. The PAH concentrations in the exhaust gas are also analyzed, and the corresponding PAH substances are analytically determined and identified. The PAH substances discovered include over 32 substituted and unsubstituted naphthalenes, naphthylenes, naphthenes, biphenyls, fluorenes, anthracenes, phenanthrenes, pyrenes, perylenes, chrysene, and coronenes.

[0282] Firefighters wearing different protective underwear were divided into groups of five and placed in a fire enclosure wearing the five different types of protective underwear and exposed to the corresponding fire gases. Each fire test ("smoke crawl") in the enclosure lasted 25 minutes (i.e., 25 minutes of smoke crawling).

[0283] After the test, the PAH sample collectors are analyzed for PAH content (typically by solvent extraction followed by purification by column chromatography and then GC / MS analysis to determine the total amount of over 32 individual PAH substances). The PAH content is quantified as the amount of PAH in nanograms per sampling sensor (averaged across all PAH sensors for each subject, and then averaged across five subjects in a group).

[0284] These values ​​are used to calculate the average permeability rate and ultimately the so-called protection factor (the so-called protection factor for PAHs represents the reciprocal of the permeability rate for PAHs. For example, a protection factor of 100 means that less than 1 / 100 of the PAH pollutants penetrate the material. Therefore, a protection factor of 100 means that only 1% of the PAH pollutants penetrate or break through).

[0285] The tests on the protective underwear A1 and A2 of the invention are repeated in the same way after washing each protective underwear ten times (washing according to DIN EN ISO 6330:2013-02). The results are evaluated in the same way.

[0286] In the case of underwear B3, the total amount of PAHs measured on the skin is on average about 6% of the total amount of PAHs present in the fire smoke. This corresponds to a reduction of about 15 times the amount of PAHs (i.e., a protection factor of 15). In the case of underwear B1 and B2 not according to the invention, the protection factors are about 550 and about 500, respectively. In contrast, in the case of underwear A1 and A2 according to the invention, the protection factors are 3,400 and 3,340, respectively. Even after 10 washes (washing according to DIN EN ISO 6330:2013-02), the protection factors remain at 660 and 610, respectively.

[0287] Thus, the inventive concept can achieve excellent protection against gaseous and particulate PAH contamination and can also be retrofitted or integrated into existing protective equipment, further enhancing the efficiency, economy and sustainability of the inventive solution.

[0288] Reference symbols: 1. Fiber protective materials 2. Fiber support layer 3 Adhesive layer 4 Adsorption layer 4a Adsorbent particles 5 Particle and / or aerosol filter layer 6 Cover Layer 7 Further or Second Cover Layer 8 Protective clothing 8a Protective leg clothing 8b Protective outerwear 8c protective hat

Claims

1. 1. Use of a protective garment (8), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for protecting a person from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source and / or for protecting a person exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), when staying and / or working in a place where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, The protective clothing (8) comprises or is made of a textile protective material (1), The textile protective material (1) is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), The textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), preferably in the order listed below: (a) a fibrous support layer (2), which is preferably present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure (fibrous fabric), (b) an adhesive layer (3) applied to one side of the fibrous support layer (2), the adhesive layer (3) being present and / or configured as a water vapor permeable and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer (4) fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3), the adsorbent layer (4) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4a); (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) disposed on and / or connected to said adsorptive layer (4), preferably a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5), said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) being composed of a plurality of individual fibers or being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable woven sheet structure formed from a plurality of individual fibers; (e) optionally a cover layer (6) disposed on and / or connected to said particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said cover layer (6) being present and / or configured preferentially as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

2. 2. The use according to claim 1, The textile protective material (1) further comprises the following layer (7): (f) a further or second cover layer (7) arranged on the side of the fibrous support layer (2) opposite the adhesive layer (3) and / or connected to the adhesive layer (3), the further or second cover layer (7) being present and / or configured as a predominantly gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; and / or The textile protective material (1) also comprises a further or second cover layer (7) arranged on the side of the textile support layer (2) opposite the adhesive layer (3) and / or connected to the adhesive layer (3), the further or second cover layer (7) being present and / or configured preferentially as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure.

3. 1. Use of a protective garment (8), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), in particular as claimed in claim 1 or 2, for protecting a person from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source and / or for protecting a person exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), when staying and / or working in a place where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, The protective clothing (8) comprises or is made of a textile protective material (1), The textile protective material (1) is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), The textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), preferably in the order listed below: (a) a fibrous support layer (2), said fibrous support layer (2) being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; (b) an adhesive layer (3) applied to one side of the fibrous support layer (2), the adhesive layer (3) being present and / or configured as a water vapor permeable and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer (4) fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3), the adsorbent layer (4) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4a); (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) disposed on and / or connected to said adsorptive layer (4), preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers, (e) a cover layer (6) disposed on and / or connected to said particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said cover layer (6) being present and / or configured as a preferentially gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

4. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the protective clothing (8) is constituted and / or present in the form of at least one protective garment (8a, 8b, 8c), preferably in the form of several protective garments (8a, 8b, 8c), in particular complementary to one another, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment, (v) protective hand coverings, in particular protective gloves; and (vi) protective foot coverings, in particular protective stockings, socks or footwear, and combinations thereof; and preferably comprises and / or is selected from and / or forms the following: (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective upper garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters; (iii) protective hats (8c), in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas; (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overall suits; (v) protective hand coverings, in particular protective gloves; and (vi) protective foot coverings, in particular protective stockings, protective socks or protective footwear, and combinations thereof; and preferably comprises and / or is selected from and / or forms the following: (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective upper garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, in particular arm coverings; and (iii) protective hats (8c), in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

5. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, said protective clothing (8) comprising at least one protective garment (8a, 8b, 8c), preferably a plurality of protective garments (8a, 8b, 8c), in particular complementary to one another, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment; In particular, the protective garments are selected from and / or are in the form of: (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective upper garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters; (iii) protective headgear (8c), in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas; (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overalls; (v) protective hand covers, in particular protective gloves; and (vi) protective foot garments, in particular protective stockings, protective socks or protective footwear, and combinations thereof, and preferably are: (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective upper garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters (including in particular those covering the arms); and (iii) protective headgear (8c), in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

6. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The protective garment (8), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment, is present and / or configured to protect the lower body, the upper body and the head, In particular, said protective clothing (8) comprises a plurality of protective garments (8a, 8b, 8c), in particular complementary to one another, in particular (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outer garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, (iii) protective headgear (8c), in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overalls, (v) protective hand covers, in particular protective and (vi) protective footwear, in particular protective stockings, socks or footwear, and combinations thereof, and / or preferably in the form of (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outerwear (8b), in particular protective shirts, T-shirts or sweaters, in particular arm covers, and (iii) protective headwear (8c), in particular protective head covers, hoods or balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

7. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the protective clothing (8) is used and / or exists in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear); and / or The protective clothing (8) may be present and / or configured as a combination of (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outer garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, in particular arm coverings, and (iii) protective headwear (8c), in particular protective head covers or protective balaclavas.

8. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The protective clothing (8) is used and / or exists in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), and the protective clothing (8) exists and / or consists of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket (8b), in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular one covering the arms, and (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava.

9. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the protective suit (8) and / or the protective material (1) are arranged and / or used in such a way that, during and / or in a state of use, in particular when worn, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) and / or the optional cover layer (6) face towards a source of contamination and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) and / or the optional cover layer (6) face away from the wearer of the protective suit (8) and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) and / or the optional cover layer (6) form an outer layer of the protective suit (8) and / or the protective material (1); and / or The protective suit (8) and / or the protective material (1) are arranged and / or used in such a way that during use and / or in a state of use, in particular when worn, the textile support layer (2) and / or the optionally present further or second cover layer (7) face away from a source of contamination and / or the textile support layer (2) and / or the optionally present further or second cover layer (7) face towards the wearer of the protective suit and / or the textile support layer (2) and / or the optionally present further or second cover layer (7) form an inner layer of the protective suit (8) and / or the protective material (1).

10. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The protective clothing (8) is used as a protective undergarment.

11. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The protective suit (8) is used as a protective undergarment in combination with a protective outer garment, in particular in combination with a protective work garment, preferably in combination with personal protective equipment.

12. 1. Use of a textile protective material (1), in particular in the form of a protective garment (8), preferably a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from a pollution source, in particular for the protection of persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), comprising: The textile protective material (1) is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), The textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer (2), said fibrous support layer (2) being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; (b) an adhesive layer (3) applied to one side of the fiber support layer (2), the adhesive layer (3) being water vapor permeable and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) a preferably discontinuously formed and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer (4) fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3), the adsorbent layer (4) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4a); (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) disposed on and / or connected to said adsorptive layer (4), preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers, (e) optionally a cover layer (6) disposed on and / or connected to said particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said cover layer (6) being preferentially present and / or configured as a gas-permeable woven sheet structure.

13. 13. The use according to claim 12, The textile protective material (1) further comprises the following layer (7): (f) a further or second cover layer (7) arranged on the side of the fibrous support layer (2) opposite the adhesive layer (3) and / or connected to the adhesive layer (3), the further or second cover layer (7) being present and / or configured as a predominantly gas-permeable fibrous fabric; and / or The textile protective material (1) comprises a further or second cover layer (7) arranged on the textile support layer (2) on the side opposite the adhesive layer (3) and / or connected to the adhesive layer (3), the further or second cover layer (7) being present and / or configured as a preferentially gas-permeable textile fabric.

14. 14. Use of a textile protective material (1), in particular in the form of a protective garment (8), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), in particular for the use according to claim 12 or 13 for the protection of persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in order to prevent or minimize contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from a pollution source, in particular for the protection of persons exposed to PAHs, The textile protective material (1) is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), The textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), preferably in the order listed below: (a) a fibrous support layer (2), said fibrous support layer (2) being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; (b) an adhesive layer (3) applied to one side of the fibrous support layer (2), the adhesive layer (3) being present and / or configured as a water vapor permeable and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer (4) fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3), the adsorbent layer (4) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4a); (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) disposed on and / or connected to said adsorptive layer (4), preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers, (e) Arranged on said particle and aerosol filter layer (5) and / or in said particle and aerosol filter layer (5), a cover layer (6) is present and / or configured as a gas-permeable woven sheet structure.

15. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 14, the protective material (1) is constituted and / or present in the form of a protective garment (8), in particular at least one protective garment (8a, 8b, 8c), preferably a plurality of complementary protective garments (8a, 8b, 8c), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), In particular, it is selected from (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective upper garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters; (iii) protective headgear (8c), in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas; (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overall suits; (v) protective hand covers, in particular protective gloves; and (vi) protective foot covers, in particular protective stockings, protective socks or protective footwear; and / or is present in the following forms and combinations thereof, preferably selected from and / or takes the form of (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective upper garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, in particular arm covers; and (iii) protective headgear (8c), in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

16. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 15, The protective material (1) is in the form of and / or is configured as a protective garment (8), preferably a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for protecting the lower body, upper body and head, In particular, the protective suit (8) comprises a plurality of protective garments (8a, 8b, 8c), in particular complementary to one another, in particular (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) protective outer garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, protective T-shirts or protective sweaters, (iii) protective headgear (8c), in particular protective head covers, protective hoods or protective balaclavas, (iv) protective overalls, protective one-piece suits or protective overalls, (v) protective gloves, in particular protective gloves. and (vi) protective footwear, in particular protective stockings, socks or footwear, and combinations thereof, and / or in the form of, preferably (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective outer garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, T-shirts or sweaters, in particular arm covers; and (iii) protective headwear (8c), in particular protective head covers, hoods or balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

17. 17. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 16, Said protective material (1) is used and / or present as a protective garment (8) in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear).

18. 18. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 17, The protective material (1) is present and / or configured as a protective garment (8) in the form of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective outer garment (8b), in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular an arm covering, and (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava.

19. 19. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 18, The protective material (1) is used and / or present in a protective garment (8) in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), said protective garment (8) being present and / or consisting of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket (8b), in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular an arm covering, and (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava.

20. 20. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 19, The protective material (1) is arranged and / or used in such a way that, during and / or in the state of use, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) and / or the optionally present cover layer (6) face a source of contamination, The protective material (1) is arranged and / or used such that during and / or in use, the textile support layer (2) and / or the optionally present further or second cover layer (7) faces away from a source of contamination.

21. Use according to any one of claims 12 to 20, the protective material (1) is used and / or is present in the form of a protective garment (8), preferably a protective undergarment (protective underwear), the protective garment (8) and / or the protective material (1) being arranged and / or used in such a way that, during use and / or in the state of use, in particular when worn, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) and / or the optional cover layer (6) face towards a source of contamination and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) and / or the optional cover layer (6) face away from the wearer of the protective garment (8) and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) and / or the optional cover layer (6) form an outer layer of the protective garment (8) and / or the protective material (1); and / or The protective material (1) is used and / or is present in the form of a protective garment (8), preferably a protective undergarment (protective underwear), and the protective garment (8) and / or the protective material (1) are arranged and / or used in such a way that during use and / or in use, in particular when worn, the textile support layer (2) and / or the optionally present further or second cover layer (7) face away from a source of contamination and / or the textile support layer (2) and / or the optionally present further or second cover layer (7) face towards the wearer of the protective garment and / or the textile support layer (2) and / or the optionally present further or second cover layer (7) form an inner layer of the protective garment (8) and / or the protective material (1).

22. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The total area weight of the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8), measured in particular as dry weight, is preferably less than 200 g / m² after drying at 105°C for 1 hour, measured in particular according to DIN EN 12127. ２ Up to 1,000 g / m ２ in the range of 225 g / m ２ ~750g / m ２ in the range of 250 g / m ２ ~650g / m ２ more preferably in the range of 275 g / m ２ ~600g / m ２ and even more preferably in the range of 300 g / m ２ ~450g / m ２ The range is.

23. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) are configured to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable.

24. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, in particular the use according to claim 23, the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a gas permeability, in particular an air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascal, measured in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237, of preferably at least 0.5 mm / s, in particular at least 1 mm / s, preferably at least 2.5 mm / s, more preferably at least 3.5 mm / s, even more preferably at least 5 mm / s; and / or the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a gas permeability, in particular an air permeability, measured in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237 at a flow resistance of 100 Pascals of at most 500 mm / s, and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) has a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascal, measured in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237, in the range of 0.5 mm / s to 500 mm / s, in particular in the range of 1 mm / s to 450 mm / s, preferably in the range of 2.5 mm / s to 400 mm / s, more preferably in the range of 3.5 mm / s to 300 mm / s, even more preferably in the range of 5 mm / s to 250 mm / s.

25. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, in particular claim 23 or 24, The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) of 15 m / s or more, measured in particular according to DIN EN 343:2019. ２ Pa / Watt or less, especially 10m ２ Pa / Watt or less, preferably 8m ２ Pa / Watt or less, preferentially 7m ２ Pa / Watt or less, even more preferably 6m ２ Pa / Watt or less, more preferably 5m ２ Pa / Watt or less, and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) according to class 4 of DIN EN 343:2019, in particular Ret≦15 m ２ Pa / Watt.

26. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The thickness, in particular the overall cross-sectional thickness, of the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) is in the range of 0.25 mm to 25 mm, in particular in the range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm, preferably in the range of 0.6 mm to 10 mm, preferentially in the range of 0.75 mm to 5 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.8 mm to 2 mm, in particular measured according to DIN EN ISO 5084.

27. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the burst pressure of the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8), measured in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13938-2, is at least 50 kPa (kilopascals), in particular at least 75 kPa, preferentially at least 90 kPa and more preferably at least 100 kPa; and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a burst pressure, in particular measured according to DIN EN ISO 13938-2, in the range of 50 kPa (kilopascals) to 1,000 kPa, in particular in the range of 75 kPa to 800 kPa, preferably in the range of 90 kPa to 600 kPa, more preferably in the range of 100 kPa to 500 kPa; and / or the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) preferably have a maximum tensile force and / or maximum tensile elongation, measured in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1, in the longitudinal and transverse directions of at least 200 Newtons, in particular at least 225 Newtons, preferably at least 250 Newtons, more preferably at least 275 Newtons; and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) preferably has a maximum tensile force and / or maximum tensile elongation, measured in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1, in the range of 200 Newtons to 4,000 Newtons, in particular in the range of 225 Newtons to 3,750 Newtons, preferably in the range of 250 Newtons to 3,500 Newtons, more preferably in the range of 275 Newtons to 3,000 Newtons.

28. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a longitudinal and transverse elongation load and / or elongation capacity (elongation rate) of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 5%, measured at 20 Newtons according to DIN 53835-14; and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) has an elongation load and / or elongation capacity (elongation rate) in at least one direction, in particular the longitudinal or transverse direction, of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, measured at 20 Newtons according to DIN 53835-14.

29. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) has a shrinkage in the longitudinal and transverse directions measured according to DIN EN 5077 of at most 10%, preferably at most 6%; and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) has a shrinkage measured in accordance with DIN EN 5077 in at least one direction, in particular in the longitudinal or transverse direction, of at most 10%, preferably at most 6%, preferably at most 3%.

30. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) is configured to be washable, in particular washable and dryable.

31. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have an average efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%, and / or the protective material (1) has an average separation efficiency Am according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99%, and / or the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have an integrated initial permeability Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998; DEHS aerosol, MPPS=0.1-0.3 μm) of at most 60%, in particular at most 50%, preferably at most 40%, more preferably at most 30%, even more preferably at most 20%; and / or the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have an average deposition efficiency of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, for particles and / or aerosols with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 μm at an incident flow velocity of 0.1 m / s, and / or the protective material (1) has an average separation efficiency of at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, for particles and / or aerosols with a diameter of 2 μm, in particular 1.5 μm, preferably 1.0 μm at an incident flow velocity of 0.1 m / s, and / or the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a separation efficiency, in particular a fractional separation efficiency, measured according to DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals using potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance, of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90% as the minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS=0.1 μm to 0.3 μm); and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a butane adsorption of at least 10 g / m2 as measured in accordance with ASTM D5742-16. ２ , especially at least 15 g / m ２ , preferably at least 20 g / m ２ is.

32. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The fibrous support layer (2) is configured as a breathable fibrous sheet structure; and / or the textile support layer (2) is configured as a breathable textile sheet structure, preferably as a knitwear, in particular a crotched or knitted fabric; and / or the textile support layer (2) comprises or is made of natural and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers; and / or the textile support layer (2) comprises or is made of natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers, optionally in combination with synthetic fibers (artificial fibers); and / or The fibrous support layer (2) preferably has an areal weight (measured in particular as dry weight) of 10 g / m2, measured in particular according to DIN EN 12127, after drying at 105°C for 1 hour. ２ ~275g / m ２ in the range of 15 g / m ２ ~175g / m ２ in the range of 25 g / m ２ ~150g / m ２ in the range of 30 g / m ２ ~100g / m ２ The range is.

33. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The adhesive layer (3) and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer (3) is 5 g / m ２ ~80g / m ２ In particular, in the range of 10 g / m ２ ~60g / m ２ in the range of 15 g / m ２ ~50g / m ２ The coating amount is applied and / or provided to the fiber support layer (2).

34. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The adhesive and / or the adhesive polymer is selected from the group of polyacrylate (PA), polymethacrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU) and silicone, and mixtures or combinations of at least two of said compounds, preferably polyurethane (PU), wherein the adhesive and / or the adhesive polymer is polyurethane (PU).

35. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The density of the adhesive layer (3) is in the range of 100 g / l to 500 g / l, in particular in the range of 150 g / l to 400 g / l, preferably in the range of 200 g / l to 350 g / l.

36. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The adhesive layer (3) is present so as to partially penetrate the fibrous support layer (2) and / or the adhesive layer (3) extends into the fibrous support layer (2).

37. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the adhesive layer (3) and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer (3) is applied and / or provided on the fibrous support layer (2) as a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on an adhesive polymer, the adhesive layer being in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular cross-linked, fractured adhesive polymer foam or in the form of a grid of a plurality of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer (2), preferably in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular cross-linked fractured adhesive polymer foam; and / or The adhesive layer is either in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular cross-linked, crushed adhesive polymer foam or in the form of a grid of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer (2), preferably in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular cross-linked, crushed adhesive polymer foam.

38. 38. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 37, the adhesive layer (3) and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer (3) are applied and / or provided on the fibrous support layer (2) as a water vapor-permeable and / or air-permeable, preferably water vapor- and air-permeable, and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer based on a dried and / or cured, in particular crosslinked, fractured adhesive polymer foam, In particular, the broken adhesive polymer foam comprises a plurality of dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken and / or ruptured and / or collapsed foam bubbles; and / or In particular, the ruptured adhesive polymer foam comprises or contains a plurality of dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, ruptured and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles of the ruptured adhesive foam, and / or the ruptured and / or burst and / or collapsed adhesive polymer walls and / or webs; and / or In particular, the destroyed adhesive polymer foam has a proportion of destroyed and / or ruptured and / or collapsed foam bubbles of at least 10%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%, relative to the total number of foam bubbles in the destroyed adhesive polymer foam; and / or In particular, the proportion of broken and / or burst and / or collapsed foam bubbles in the broken adhesive polymer foam is in the range of 10% to 100%, in particular in the range of 30% to 99.9%, preferably in the range of 50% to 99%, preferably in the range of 70% to 99%, more preferably in the range of 90% to 98%, relative to the total number of foam bubbles in the broken adhesive polymer foam; and / or In particular, the broken adhesive polymer foam is not in a closed configuration, and / or in particular the broken adhesive polymer foam has a plurality of perforations, pores, channels and / or openings extending into the broken adhesive polymer foam and / or a plurality of perforations, pores, channels and / or openings in particular connecting the respective outer sides of the broken adhesive polymer foam and / or adhesive layer, and / or In particular, the fractured adhesive polymer foam is configured to be continuous and / or coherent, and / or In particular, said broken adhesive polymer foam is applied and / or provided on at least substantially the entire surface and / or all sides of said fibrous support layer (2), and / or In particular, the collapsed adhesive polymer foam has a reduced density and / or volume weight, compared to a corresponding non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer, of at least 5%, in particular at least 10%, preferably at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 25%, based on the non-foamed and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer; and / or In particular, the collapsed adhesive polymer foam has a reduced density and / or volumetric weight, in particular an area-related volumetric weight, in comparison with a corresponding non-expanded and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer, in the range of 5% to 80%, in particular in the range of 10% to 70%, preferably in the range of 15% to 60%, preferably in the range of 20% to 55%, in comparison with a non-expanded and / or continuously formed adhesive polymer; and / or In particular, the disrupted adhesive polymer foam has a density and / or volume weight that is increased by at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, preferably at most 1%, compared to a corresponding intact and / or undisrupted adhesive polymer foam, based on the intact and / or undisrupted adhesive polymer foam; and / or In particular, the ruptured adhesive polymer foam has a reduced elastic and / or reversible elongation compared to a corresponding intact and / or unruptured adhesive polymer foam of at most 30%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 5% compared to the intact and / or unruptured adhesive polymer foam; and / or In particular, the ruptured adhesive polymer foam has a reduced elasticity and / or reversible extensibility in comparison to a corresponding intact and / or unruptured adhesive polymer foam, in the range of 5% to 30%, in particular in the range of 10% to 20%, compared to the intact and / or unruptured adhesive polymer foam; and / or In particular, said broken adhesive polymer foam is obtainable by drying and / or curing, in particular crosslinking, of a foamed, preferably foamed under mechanical energy input, aqueous or organic-based, preferably aqueous, solution and / or dispersion of an adhesive polymer, in particular with at least partial refraction of the foam provided by said foamed adhesive polymer solution and / or dispersion, in particular wherein the drying and / or curing, in particular crosslinking, is carried out in the presence of at least one foaming agent, optionally at least one foam stabilizer, optionally at least one crosslinking agent, optionally at least one emulsifier, and optionally at least one thickener.

39. 38. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 37, the adhesive layer (3) and / or the adhesive of the adhesive layer (3) is applied and / or provided on the fibrous support layer (2) as a discontinuous adhesive layer based on a water vapor and / or air permeable, preferably water vapor and air permeable, and / or adhesive polymer, the adhesive layer being configured in the form of a grid of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer (2) and / or the adhesive layer being configured in the form of a grid of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer (2), In particular, the adhesive layer covers at most 75% of the surface of the support layer (2), preferably at most 60% of the surface of the support layer (2), more preferably at most 50% of the surface of the support layer (2), and even more preferably at most 40% of the surface of the support layer (2); and / or In particular, a grid of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on said support layer (2) may be arranged regularly or irregularly; and / or In particular, said adhesive (polymer) dots have at least substantially the same size, in particular a size extension.

40. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorption layer (4) are selected from the following group: (i) in particular in the form of granular activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon"), spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), or fibrous activated carbon particles ("fibrous carbon"); (ii) zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites; (iii) molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves, and / or synthetic molecular sieves, in particular based on carbon, oxides and / or glass; (iv) metal oxide and / or metal particles; (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchange resins, in particular gel-type and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxide, silica gel and / or aluminum oxide. (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (metal-organic frameworks), COFs (covalent organic frameworks), ZIFs (zeolitic imidazolate frameworks), POMs (polymeric organic materials) and / or OFCs, (viii) mineral granules; (ix) clathrates, and (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof; Here, (i) is more preferred.

41. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorbent layer (4) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles.

42. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the adsorbent particles (4a), in particular the activated carbon particles, have a diameter of 0.005 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably 0.01 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.015 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.02 mm to 1.25 mm, even more preferably 0.03 mm to 1 mm; and / or the adsorbent particles (4a), in particular the activated carbon particles, have a mean diameter, in particular a mean diameter D50, of 0.01 mm to 2 mm, in particular 0.02 mm to 1.75 mm, preferably 0.03 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.04 mm to 1.25 mm, even more preferably 0.04 mm to 1 mm; and / or the adsorbent particles (4a), in particular the activated carbon particles, have a density of 5 g / m ２ to 300 g / m ２ , especially 25 g / m ２ to 275 g / m ２ , preferably 30 g / m ２ to 250 g / m ２ , preferably 50 g / m ２ to 200 g / m ２ and / or the protective material (1), in particular the adsorbent layer (4), contains the adsorbent particles (4a), in particular the activated carbon particles, in an amount of 5 g / m ２ to 300 g / m ２ , especially 25 g / m ２ to 275 g / m ２ , preferably 30 g / m ２ to 250 g / m ２ , preferably 50 g / m ２ to 200 g / m ２ and / or The adsorbent particles (4a), in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtained by carbonization and subsequent activation of a granular starting material based on synthetic and / or non-natural substances, in particular based on organic polymer particles; and / or the adsorbent particles (4a), in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtained from a particulate starting material based on an organic polymer, in particular a sulfonated organic polymer, preferably divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably a styrene / divinylbenzene copolymer, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material, in particular the divinylbenzene content in the starting material being in the range from 1% to 20% by weight, in particular from 1% to 15% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 12.5% ​​by weight, preferably from 2% to 10% by weight, based on the starting material; and / or The adsorbent particles (4a), in particular the activated carbon particles, are based on polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) and / or the adsorbent particles (4a), in particular the activated carbon particles, are made of polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC).

43. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorbent layer (4) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles; In particular, the activated carbon has a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to the Gurvich method, of 0.3 cm ３ / g ~ 3.8 cm ３ / g range, especially 0.4 cm ３ / g to 3.5 cm ３ / g range, preferably 0.5 cm ３ / g to 3cm ３ / g, more preferably in the range of 0.6 cm ３ / g ~ 2.5cm ３ / g, more preferably in the range of 0.5 cm ３ / g to 1.5 cm ３ / g, and / or In particular, at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, is formed by pores with a pore diameter of at most 50 nm, in particular micropores and / or mesopores; and / or In particular, 50% to 95%, in particular 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, is formed by pores with a pore diameter of at most 50 nm, in particular micropores and / or mesopores, and / or In particular, 1% to 60%, in particular 5% to 50%, preferably 10% to 40%, preferably 15% to 35% of the total pore volume, in particular of the total pore volume according to the Gurvich method, of the activated carbon is formed by pores, in particular mesopores and / or macropores, with a pore diameter of more than 2 nm, and / or In particular, the activated carbon has a pore volume formed by pores having a pore diameter of up to 2 nm (i.e., 2 nm or less), in particular a micropore volume formed by carbon black of 0.05 cm ３ / g ~ 2.5cm ３ / g, especially 0.15 cm ３ / g to 2cm ３ / g, preferably 0.3 cm ３ / g to 1.5 cm ３ / g, in particular 15% to 98%, in particular 25% to 95%, preferably 35% to 90% of the total pore volume of the activated carbon being formed by pores, in particular micropores, with a pore diameter of at most 2 nm; and / or In particular, the BET specific surface area of ​​the activated carbon is 600 m ２ / g to 4,000m ２ / g, especially 800m ２ / g~3,500m ２ / g, preferably 1,000m ２ / g to 3,000m ２ / g, more preferably 1,200 m ２ / g~2,750m ２ / g, more preferably 1,300 m ２ / g~2,500m ２ / g, and / or In particular, the activated carbon has a surface area of ​​400 to 3,500 m2 formed by pores, in particular micropores, with a pore diameter of up to 2 nm. ２ / g, especially 500 to 3,000 m ２ / g, preferably 600 to 2,500 m ２ / g, preferably 700 to 2,000 m ２ / g, and / or In particular, the activated carbon has a surface area of ​​200 to 2,000 m2 formed by pores, particularly mesopores, having a pore diameter of 2 nm to 50 nm. ２ / g, especially 300 to 1,900 m ２ / g, preferably 400 to 1,800 m ２ / g, preferably 500 to 1,700 m ２ / g, and / or In particular, the average pore size of the activated carbon is in the range of 0.1 nm to 55 nm, in particular 0.2 nm to 50 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 45 nm, preferably 1 nm to 40 nm.

44. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorbent layer (4) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably spherical activated carbon particles; In particular, the activated carbon has an attrition resistance, measured according to ASTM D3802:2016, of at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, more preferably at least 99%, even more preferably 100%; and / or In particular, the activated carbon has a butane adsorption capacity, measured according to ASTM D5742-16, of at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 35%, and / or in particular, the activated carbon has a butane adsorption capacity, measured according to ASTM D5742-16, in the range of 20% to 90%, in particular in the range of 30% to 85%, preferably in the range of 35% to 80%, and / or In particular, the activated carbon has an iodine number, measured according to ASTM D4607:2014, of at least 900 mg / g, in particular at least 1,000 mg / g, preferably at least 1,100 mg / g, and / or in particular an iodine number, measured according to ASTM D4607:2014, in the range from 900 mg / g to 2,200 mg / g, in particular in the range from 1,000 mg / g to 2,100 mg / g, preferably in the range from 1,100 mg / g to 2,000 mg / g.

45. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorbent layer (4) are fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3) in such a way that at least 30% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a), in particular at least 40% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a), preferably at least 60% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a) are not covered with adhesive (polymer); and / or 30% to 95% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a), in particular 40% to 90% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a), preferably 60% to 85% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a) are not covered with adhesive (polymer); and / or at least 30% of the surface of the sorbent particles (4a), in particular at least 40% of the surface of the sorbent particles (4a), preferably at least 60% of the surface of the sorbent particles (4a) are not covered with adhesive (polymer); and / or 30% to 95% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a), particularly 40% to 90% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a), preferably 60% to 85% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a) are not covered with adhesive (polymer).

46. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is present and / or is configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure composed of a plurality of individual fibres with a fibre diameter in the range of 10 nm to 30 μm, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 10 μm, the fibrous sheet structure preferably having an areal weight (measured in particular as dry weight), in particular measured in accordance with DIN EN 12127, of 2 g / m² after drying, preferably at 105° C. for 1 hour. ２ ~100g / m ２ in the range of 5 g / m ２ ~90g / m ２ in the range of 10 g / m ２ ~80g / m ２ and / or The weight per unit area of ​​the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) (measured in particular as dry weight) is 2 g / m ２ ~100g / m ２ in the range of 5 g / m ２ ~90g / m ２ in the range of 10 g / m ２ ~80g / m ２ in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 wt., in particular measured according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour, and / or the fiber diameter of the fibers of said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is in the range of 10 nm to 30 μm, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 10 μm, and / or and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers) are used as textile fibers of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5), in particular from the group of polyesters (PES), polyolefins (e.g. polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene), polyvinyl chloride (CLF), polyvinylidene chloride (CLF), acetate (CA), triacetate (CTA), polyacrylic resins (PAN), in particular polyacrylonitrile, polyamide (PA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyurethane, polyvinyl ester, poly(meth)acrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and mixtures thereof, more preferably polyurethane, polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, poly(meth)acrylate, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and mixtures thereof, even more preferably polyurethane; and / or the fibers of said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) are polyurethane fibers, and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is configured as a nonwoven or fiber composite, in particular as a nonwoven, more preferably as a nonwoven, and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is constituted and / or present as a nonwoven or fiber composite of polyurethane fibers, in particular as a nonwoven, more preferably as a nonwoven, and / or Said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is manufactured by electrospinning, meltblowing or a combination of these two methods, preferably a combination of electrospinning and meltblowing.

47. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is arranged directly on the adsorptive layer (4), in particular on and / or fixed to the adsorptive layer (4), preferably laminated to the adsorptive layer (4); and / or said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is fixed on and / or to said adsorptive layer (4), preferably said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is fixed on and / or to said cover layer (6), preferably by said lamination; and / or The particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is fixed on and / or to the adsorption layer (4), and preferably the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is also fixed on and / or to the cover layer (6), preferably by means of the lamination.

48. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is formed of fibers, in particular synthetic fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, and / or is a fiber sheet structure having a plurality of pores or meshes defined by the fibers, in particular the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) has an average pore diameter or average mesh size of 200 μm or less, in particular 100 μm or less, preferably 75 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, even more preferably 40 μm or less, even more preferably 10 μm or less, and / or in particular the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) has an average pore diameter or average mesh size in the range of 0.5 μm to 200 μm, in particular 0.75 μm to 100 μm, preferably 1 μm to 75 μm, more preferably 1.5 μm to 50 μm, even more preferably 1.75 μm to 40 μm, even more preferably 2 μm to 10 μm, and / or The particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) comprises pores or meshes, in particular a plurality of pores or meshes, in particular having an average pore or mesh size of 200 μm or less, in particular 100 μm or less, preferably 75 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, even more preferably 40 μm or less, even more preferably 10 μm or less, and / or an average pore or mesh size in the range of 0.5 μm to 200 μm, in particular 0.75 μm to 100 μm, preferably 1 μm to 75 μm, more preferably 1.5 μm to 50 μm, even more preferably 1.75 μm to 40 μm, even more preferably 2 μm to 10 μm.

49. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is a fibrous sheet structure formed by and / or from fibers, in particular synthetic fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, with pores or meshes defined by the fibers, in particular with a ratio of the average pore or mesh size to the average diameter of the fibers in the range of 0.1 to 2,000, in particular in the range of 1 to 500, preferably in the range of 5 to 350, more preferably in the range of 10 to 300, even more preferably in the range of 25 to 250.

50. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) has an average efficiency Em according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%, and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) has an average separation efficiency Am according to DIN EN 779 (July 1993) of at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99%, and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) has an integrated initial permeability Di according to DIN EN 1822 (April 1998; DEHS aerosol, MPPS=0.1-0.3 μm) of at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, more preferably at most 20%, even more preferably at most 10%, and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) has an average separation efficiency of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95% for particles and / or aerosols with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 μm at an incident flow velocity of 0.1 m / s, and / or the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) has an average separation efficiency of at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99% for particles and / or aerosols with a diameter of at least 2 μm, in particular at least 1.5 μm, preferably at least 1.0 μm at an incident flow velocity of 0.1 m / s; and / or The particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) has a separation efficiency, in particular a fractional separation efficiency, measured in accordance with DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals using potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance, of at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, as minimum efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS=0.1 μm to 0.3 μm).

51. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the thickness of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is in the range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.01 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.01 mm to 1 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.05 mm to 0.8 mm, in particular measured according to DIN EN ISO 5084; and / or The particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is configured as a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air or Particulate Air) or an ULPA filter (Ultra Low Particulate Air or Particulate Air).

52. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is a breathable fiber sheet structure formed by and / or from fibers, in particular polyurethane fibers, having a fiber diameter of 10 nm to 30 μm, preferably 50 nm to 10 μm, in the form of a nonwoven fabric, preferably having a basis weight (measured in particular according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour) of 2 g / m ２ ~100g / m ２ , especially 5 g / m ２ ~90g / m ２ , more preferably 10 g / m ２ ~80g / m ２ and said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is constructed by electrospinning, meltblowing or a combination of these two methods.

53. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the cover layer (6) is preferably configured and / or present as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure; and / or the cover layer (6) is configured as an air-permeable textile sheet structure, preferably as a knitwear, in particular as a crocheted or knitted textile; and / or the cover layer (6) comprises or is made of natural and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers; and / or said cover layer (6) comprising or made of natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (artificial fibres), preferably elastane fibres; and / or said cover layer (6) comprising or made of natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (artificial fibres), preferably elastane fibres; and / or The weight per unit area of ​​the cover layer (6) (measured in particular as a dry weight) is 10 g / m ２ ~275g / m ２ in the range of 15 g / m ２ ~175g / m ２ in the range of 25 g / m ２ ~150g / m ２ in the range of 30 g / m ２ ~100g / m ２ and is measured in particular in accordance with DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour.

54. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the further or second cover layer (7) is preferably configured and / or present as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure; and / or the further or second cover layer (7) is configured as a breathable textile sheet structure, preferably as a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric, and / or said further or second cover layer (7) comprises or is made of natural and / or synthetic fibres (artificial fibres), preferably natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres; and / or said further or second cover layer (7) comprises or is made of natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (man-made fibres), preferably elastane fibres; and / or said further or second cover layer (7) comprises or is made of natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (man-made fibres), preferably elastane fibres; and / or The weight per unit area of ​​said further or second cover layer (7), measured in particular as dry weight, is preferably less than 10 g / m after drying at 105° C. for 1 hour, measured in particular according to DIN EN 12127. ２ ~275g / m ２ in the range of 15 g / m ２ ~175g / m ２ in the range of 25 g / m ２ ~150g / m ２ in the range of 30 g / m ２ ~100g / m ２ The range is.

55. 1. Use of a protective garment (8), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for protecting a person from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source and / or for protecting a person exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), when staying and / or working in a place where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, in particular a use according to any one of the preceding claims, The protective clothing (8) comprises or is made of a textile protective material (1), The textile protective material (1) is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Said textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), preferably in the following order: (a) a textile support layer (2), which is preferably present and / or configured as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure, preferably a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric, and which comprises or is formed from natural and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers; (b) an adhesive layer (3) applied to one side of the fibrous support layer (2), the adhesive layer (3) being present and / or configured as a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer, the adhesive layer being in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken adhesive polymer foam or in the form of a grid of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer (2), preferably in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular crosslinked, broken adhesive polymer foam, the adhesive layer (3) partially penetrating and / or extending into the fibrous support layer (2); (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer (4) fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3), the adsorbent layer (4) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4a), the adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorbent layer (4) being activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles, in particular the adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorbent layer (4) being fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3) in such a way that 30% to 95% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a) is not covered by adhesive (polymer); (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) arranged on and / or connected to the adsorptive layer (4), preferably a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5), which is present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure in the form of a nonwoven fabric (nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers, in particular polyurethane fibers, with a fiber diameter in the range of 10 nm to 5 μm, and which particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) is produced by electrospinning, meltblowing or preferably a combination of these two methods, (e) a cover layer (6) optionally arranged on and / or connected to said particle and aerosol filter layer (5), preferably a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric present and / or formed as a knitwear, said cover layer (6) consisting of natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers, optionally in combination with synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably elastane fibers, or a fabric formed from natural fibers; the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) are configured to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable, in particular the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, at a flow resistance of 100 Pascal, measured in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237, in the range of 0.5 mm / s to 500 mm / s, in particular in the range of 1 mm / s to 450 mm / s, preferably in the range of 2.5 mm / s to 400 mm / s, more preferably in the range of 3.5 mm / s to 300 mm / s, even more preferably in the range of 5 mm / s to 250 mm / s; and / or In particular, the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) of up to 15 m, measured in particular according to DIN EN 343:2019. ２ Pa / Watt, especially up to 10m ２ Pa / Watt, preferably up to 8m ２ Pa / Watt, preferably up to 7m ２ Pa / Watt, even more preferably up to 6m ２ Pa / Watt, more preferably up to 5m ２ Pa / Watt, and / or the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a separation efficiency, in particular a fractional separation efficiency (MPPS, in particular MPPS = 0.1 μm to 0.3 μm), of at least 90% at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals, measured according to DIN EN 1822 using potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance, and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a butane adsorption of 20 g / m2 measured in accordance with ASTM D5742-16. ２ That's all; In particular, the protective suit (8) is used as a protective undergarment (protective underwear) in combination with a protective outer garment, in particular in combination with a protective workwear, preferably in combination with personal protective equipment; and / or Said protective clothing (8) consists and / or is present in the form of at least one protective garment (8a, 8b, 8c), preferably in the form of a plurality of protective garments (8a, 8b, 8c), in particular complementary to one another, preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear) and / or preferably for protection of the lower body, upper body and head, in particular (i) a protective leg garment (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket (8b), in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover, a protective hood or a protective balaclava, (iv) a protective overall. , a protective one-piece suit or a protective overall suit, (v) protective hand coverings, in particular protective gloves, and (vi) protective foot coverings, in particular protective stockings, socks or footwear, and combinations thereof, and more preferably selected from and / or configured as: (i) protective leg garments (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) protective outer garments (8b), in particular protective shirts, T-shirts or sweaters; (iii) protective headwear (8c), in particular protective head covers, hoods or balaclavas, and combinations thereof.

56. 1. Use of a textile protective material (1), in particular in the form of a protective garment (8), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from a pollution source, in particular for protecting persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), comprising: The textile protective material (1) is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Said textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), preferably in the order given below: (a) a textile support layer (2), which is preferably present and / or configured as a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric, preferably as a gas-permeable textile sheet structure, and which comprises or is made of natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers (artificial fibers), preferably natural fibers, more preferably cotton fibers; (b) an adhesive layer (3) applied to one side of the fibrous support layer (2), the adhesive layer (3) being present and / or configured as a water vapor and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer, the adhesive layer being either in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular cross-linked, crushed adhesive polymer foam or in the form of a grid of adhesive (polymer) dots distributed on the support layer (2), preferably in the form of a dried and / or hardened, in particular cross-linked, crushed adhesive polymer foam, and the adhesive layer (3) being present and / or partially penetrating and / or extending into the fibrous support layer (2); (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer (4) fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3), the adsorbent layer (4) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4a), the adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorbent layer (4) being activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles, in particular the adsorbent particles (4a) of the adsorbent layer (4) being fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3) in such a way that 30% to 95% of the surface of the adsorbent particles (4a) is not covered by adhesive (polymer); (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5), preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer (5), arranged on and / or connected to said adsorptive layer (4), said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) being configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure in the form of a nonwoven (nonwoven) fabric and comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers, in particular polyurethane fibers, with a fiber diameter in the range of 10 nm to 5 μm, said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) being manufactured by electrospinning, meltblowing or preferably a combination of these two methods; (e) optionally comprising a cover layer (6) arranged on and / or bonded to said particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said cover layer (6) preferably being present as a knitwear, in particular a crocheted or knitted fabric, and / or being configured as a preferably gas-permeable textile sheet structure, said cover layer (6) comprising or made of natural fibres, more preferably cotton fibres, optionally in combination with synthetic fibres (artificial fibres), preferably elastane fibres; the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) are configured to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable, in particular the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a gas permeability, in particular air permeability, in particular at a flow resistance of 100 Pascal, measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9237, in the range of 0.5 mm / s to 500 mm / s, in particular in the range of 1 mm / s to 450 mm / s, preferably in the range of 2.5 mm / s to 400 mm / s, more preferably in the range of 3.5 mm / s to 300 mm / s, even more preferably in the range of 5 mm / s to 250 mm / s; and / or In particular, the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a water vapor transmission resistance (Ret) of up to 15 m, measured in particular according to DIN EN 343:2019. ２ Pa / Watt, especially up to 10m ２ Pa / Watt, preferably up to 8m ２ Pa / Watt, preferably up to 7m ２ Pa / Watt, even more preferably up to 6m ２ Pa / Watt, more preferably up to 5m ２ Pa / Watt; and / or the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a separation efficiency, in particular a fractional separation efficiency, measured in accordance with DIN EN 1822 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascals using potassium chloride (KCl) as the test substance, of at least 90% (minimum efficiency (MPPS), in particular MPPS = 0.1 μm to 0.3 μm), and / or The protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) have a butane adsorption of at least 20 g / m2 measured according to ASTM D5742-16. ２ and In particular, the protective suit (8) is used as a protective undergarment (protective underwear) in combination with a protective outer garment, in particular in combination with a protective work garment, preferably in combination with personal protective equipment, and / or Said protective clothing (8) is formed and / or exists in the form of at least one protective garment (8a, 8b, 8c), preferably in the form of a plurality of, in particular mutually complementary, protective garments (8a, 8b, 8c), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear) and / or preferably for protection of the lower body (8a), in particular protective trousers; (ii) a protective outer garment (8b), in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater; (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover, a protective hood or a protective balaclava; (iv) protective overalls, a protective one-piece suit; (8b) a protective outer garment (8c), in particular a protective shirt, T-shirt or sweater (including in particular arm coverings), and (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover, hood or balaclava, and combinations thereof.

57. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) are flame-retardant or flame-resistant, in particular flame-retardant or flame-resistant based on halogen- and / or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, preferably phosphate esters, phosphonates, phosphinates; In particular, the flame retardant or flame resistant treatment is achieved by impregnating the protective material (1) and / or the protective clothing (8) with the flame retardant agent.

58. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims for protecting people from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing gases, in particular exhaust or flue gases, arising from combustion and / or high-temperature processes, in particular from or during fires, coke plants, foundries, steel mills, smelting processes, metal and steel production and treatment processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt production and treatment processes, glass production and treatment processes, refractory production and treatment processes, or from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing gases, in particular exhaust or flue gases.

59. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons originate from gases, in particular exhaust gases or flue gases, emanating from combustion and / or high-temperature processes, in particular from fires, coke plants, foundries, steel mills, smelting processes, metal and steel manufacturing and treatment processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt manufacturing and treatment processes, glass manufacturing and treatment processes, refractory manufacturing and treatment processes, or from or during fires, in particular exhaust gases or flue gases.

60. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims, The protected persons are firefighters or persons working in coke plants, foundries, ironworks, smelting processes, metal and steel manufacturing and treatment processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt manufacturing and treatment processes, glass manufacturing and treatment processes, refractory manufacturing and treatment processes, preferably firefighters.

61. 10. Use according to one or more of the preceding claims for protecting firefighters from gases containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular exhaust or flue gases, from a fire, comprising: In particular, the protective suit (8) is used as a protective undergarment in combination with a protective outer garment, in particular in combination with a protective work suit, preferably in combination with personal protective equipment, preferably in combination with a protective outer garment for firefighters according to DIN EN 469, and / or In particular, the protective clothing (8) is used and / or exists in the form of a protective undergarment (protective innerwear), and the protective clothing (8) exists and / or consists of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket (8b), in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular one covering the arms, and (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava.

62. 1. A method for protecting people from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source when staying and / or working in a place where PAHs are emitted or present, and / or a method for protecting people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular a method for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), comprising: said person is provided with and / or wears a protective garment (8), preferably in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), in particular worn by said person, The protective clothing (8) comprises or is formed from a textile protective material (1), The textile protective material (1) is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), The textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer (2), said fibrous support layer (2) being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; (b) an adhesive layer (3) applied to one side of the fibrous support layer (2), the adhesive layer (3) being present and / or configured as a water vapor permeable and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) a preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable adsorbent layer (4) fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3), the adsorbent layer (4) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4a); (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) disposed on and / or connected to said adsorptive layer (4), preferably a particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers, (e) optionally comprising a cover layer (6) disposed on and / or connected to said particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said cover layer (6) being present and / or configured preferentially as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

63. 63. A method according to claim 62 for protecting persons from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing gases, in particular exhaust or flue gases, arising from combustion and / or high-temperature processes, in particular from fires, coke plants, foundries, steel mills, smelting processes, metal and steel manufacturing and treatment processes, blast furnace processes, waste incineration processes, asphalt manufacturing and treatment processes, glass manufacturing and treatment processes, refractory manufacturing and treatment processes or from or during a fire.

64. 64. A method according to claim 62 or 63, for protecting firefighters from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing gases, in particular exhaust or flue gases, from a fire, In particular, the protective suit (8) is used as a protective undergarment in combination with a protective outer garment, in particular as a protective undergarment in combination with a protective work garment, preferably as a protective undergarment in combination with a protective outer garment in combination with personal protective equipment, preferably as a protective undergarment in combination with a firefighter's protective outer garment according to DIN EN 469, and / or In particular, the protective clothing (8) is used and / or exists in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), and the protective clothing (8) exists and / or consists of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket (8b), in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular an arm covering, and (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava.

65. 10. A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, comprising: The invention is characterized by any one or more of claims 1 to 61.

66. 1. A protective clothing combination for protecting persons from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source when staying and / or working in a place where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present, and / or for protecting persons particularly exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination") and / or for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ("PAH contamination") emitted from a pollution source, preferably for protecting persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), The protective clothing combination comprises: (A) protective outerwear, in particular protective workwear, preferably personal protective equipment, preferably firefighter protective outerwear according to DIN EN 469; and (B) a protective garment (8) in the form of a protective undergarment (protective underwear), in particular said protective garment (8) being present and / or consisting of a combination of (i) a protective leg garment (8a), in particular protective trousers, (ii) a protective jacket (8b), in particular a protective shirt, a protective T-shirt or a protective sweater, in particular an arm covering, and (iii) a protective headgear (8c), in particular a protective head cover or a protective balaclava; The protective clothing (8) comprises or is formed from a textile protective material (1), The textile protective material (1) is configured as a multi-layer textile composite material comprising a plurality of interconnected layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), The textile protective material (1) comprises the following layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), preferably in the following order: (a) a fibrous support layer (2), said fibrous support layer (2) being present and / or configured as a preferably gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure; (b) an adhesive layer (3) applied to one side of the fibrous support layer (2), the adhesive layer (3) being present and / or configured as a water vapor permeable and / or gas permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer preferably based on an adhesive polymer; (c) an adsorbent layer (4) fixed and / or adhered to the adhesive layer (3), preferably discontinuous and / or gas-permeable, the adsorbent layer (4) comprising or formed from a plurality of individual adsorbent particles (4a); (d) a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) disposed on and / or connected to the adsorbent layer (4), preferably a particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5), said particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5) being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure comprising or formed from a plurality of individual fibers; (e) a cover layer (6) optionally disposed on and / or connected to said particle and aerosol filter layer (5), said cover layer (6) preferably being present and / or configured as a gas-permeable fibrous sheet structure.

67. 67. The protective garment combination of claim 66, 65. The method according to claim 1, further comprising one or more of the features set forth in any one of claims 1 to 65.

68. 68. Use of a protective clothing combination as claimed in claim 66 or 67 for protecting persons from exposure to and / or contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a pollution source and / or for protecting persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contamination ("PAH contamination"), in particular for preventing or minimizing contamination ("PAH contamination"), when staying and / or working in places where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted or present.

69. 68. Use of a protective clothing combination according to claim 66 or 67 for preventing or minimizing contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH contamination) emitted from a pollution source, in particular for protecting persons exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).

70. 70. The use according to claim 68 or 69, 66. The method according to claim 1, further comprising one or more of the features set forth in any one of claims 1 to 66.

Images