Composition

Abstract

The present specification discloses a composition, a fire extinguishing device, and uses thereof. The present specification discloses a fire extinguishing composition, a fire extinguishing device, and uses thereof that are applied to products or elements that may generate heat, ignite, and / or explode during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and that can effectively respond to said heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion. The present specification discloses said composition, which is substantially non-flammable and non-toxic, and uses thereof.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0072165, filed June 5, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This specification discloses a composition, a fire extinguishing device and its uses. [Background technology]

[0003] The importance of technology for managing heat generated by products is gradually increasing, but managing, controlling, and processing heat in products that are composed of multiple heat-generating elements (heat-generating elements) is a difficult problem.

[0004] For example, it is very important to prevent so-called TR (Thermal Runaway) or TP (Thermal Propagation) phenomena that occur in battery modules, battery packs, etc. A battery module or battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells or a plurality of battery modules, which are positioned adjacent to one another. In such a structure, abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion that occurs in one battery cell and / or battery module propagates in a chain reaction to other adjacent battery cells, etc., and this is called the TR or TP phenomenon. Chain fires and chain explosions caused by such TR or TP phenomena must be managed from the perspective of stability.

[0005] In order to control the above-mentioned TR or TP, it is possible to consider using a substance with fire-extinguishing properties.

[0006] For example, by placing a substance with fire extinguishing properties adjacent to multiple products that generate heat, and having the substance with fire extinguishing properties exhibit its fire extinguishing function when the abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion occurs, it is possible to respond to the TR and TP phenomena, etc.

[0007] Depending on the product to which the fire-extinguishing material is applied, it is necessary for the fire-extinguishing material to remain substantially liquid at low temperatures. For example, a battery cell may undergo significant volume expansion during charging or use, and if the volume expansion occurs, the adjacent fire-extinguishing material may be in a solid phase and may not be able to effectively cope with stress caused by the volume expansion.

[0008] In addition, when a fire extinguishing material is applied in a liquid state and then exposed to a low-temperature environment to transform into a solid state, volume and hardness changes occur during the process, which can adversely affect adjacent products.

[0009] It is also advantageous for fire-extinguishing materials to vaporize in order to perform their fire-extinguishing function. For example, when water is used as a fire-extinguishing material, if it vaporizes and is converted into water vapor by the heat of abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion, it can perform its fire-extinguishing function more quickly and over a wider area. However, if water becomes a solid phase like ice in a low-temperature environment, the vaporization efficiency may decrease.

[0010] However, it is not easy to make a fire-extinguishing substance exist in a liquid state at low temperatures while still exhibiting its fire-extinguishing function in a timely manner. For example, as mentioned above, water is a useful fire-extinguishing substance, but due to its high freezing point, it can easily be converted into a solid state at low temperatures. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] The present specification relates to a composition, a fire extinguishing device, and uses thereof. The composition may be a fire extinguishing composition. The present specification aims to disclose a composition, a fire extinguishing device, and uses thereof that are applied to products or elements that may generate heat, ignite, and / or explode during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and that can effectively respond to such heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion. For example, the fire extinguishing composition or fire extinguishing device can be applied to an article containing multiple products or elements, and can respond to abnormal heat generation, explosion, and / or ignition occurring in any one of the elements or products, and can prevent or minimize the spread of such heat generation, explosion, and / or ignition to other adjacent elements or products.

[0012] The present specification also aims to disclose a substantially non-flammable, non-toxic fire-fighting composition and a fire-fighting device containing the same.

[0013] The present specification also aims to provide uses of the fire extinguishing device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] The term "room temperature" means a natural temperature without heating or cooling, and for example, room temperature can be any temperature within the range of about 10°C to 30°C, or a temperature of about 23°C, about 25°C, or about 27°C.

[0015] Of the physical properties referred to in this specification, those that are affected by the measurement temperature are those measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified.

[0016] Temperatures referred to herein are in degrees Celsius (°C) unless otherwise specified.

[0017] The term "normal pressure" means natural pressure without being pressurized or reduced, and usually means a pressure of about 730 mmHg to 790 mmHg.

[0018] Of the physical properties referred to in this specification, those that are affected by measurement pressure are those measured at normal pressure unless otherwise specified.

[0019] Of the physical properties referred to in this specification, those that are affected by the humidity at which they are measured are those measured at standard humidity, unless otherwise specified.

[0020] Humidity under standard conditions means any one of the relative humidities within the range of 40% to 60% relative humidity, and for example, means a relative humidity of about 55% or about 60%.

[0021] This specification discloses a composition. The term "composition" may refer to a mixture of two or more different components. The composition may be a fire-fighting composition. A fire-fighting composition is a composition that can respond to abnormal heat generation, fire, and explosion.

[0022] The term "fire extinguishing" referred to in this specification does not necessarily mean a function of extinguishing a fire, but includes the function of extinguishing the fire, and further includes all functions of responding to the abnormal heat generation, fire and / or explosion.

[0023] As used herein, the term "non-flammable" may mean that the substance does not have a flash point, but rather has a flash point of 120°C or higher, which is sufficient to generate heat, ignition, and / or explosion.

[0024] As used herein, the term "non-toxic" means that it emits little or no toxic gases and is friendly to the environment and the human body.

[0025] The composition can be formulated to be non-flammable and environmentally and human-friendly.

[0026] For example, the composition may have a flammability rating of 0 or 1 according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard. The NFPA 704 standard, published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), is a standard expressed in the so-called Fire Diamond, which was created to facilitate rapid response to hazardous materials in emergency situations. The flammability rating is indicated by the red area. The standard is classified into 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, with 0 meaning no flammability and 1 meaning ignition when sufficiently heated, with an approximate flash point of 93°C or higher. The flammability rating is evaluated in accordance with the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard.

[0027] The composition may be non-flammable, with a flammability rating of 0 or 1 according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard. For example, the composition may have a health hazard rating of 0, 1, or 2 according to the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard. The health hazard rating is represented by the blue area of ​​the NFPA 704 fire diamond. The standard is classified into 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, where 0 indicates no health threat and no special precautions are required, 1 indicates possible minor injury upon exposure, and 2 indicates possible temporary damage or injury upon sustained / general contact but not chronic contact.

[0028] In order for the composition to exhibit the above-mentioned grade, each component constituting the composition may also be made of a material exhibiting the above-mentioned flammability and / or health hazard grade.

[0029] The composition includes a solvent having a fire-extinguishing function. The fire-extinguishing composition may have a freezing point lower than that of the solvent. Typically, volatile solvents, as described below, exhibit adequate fire-extinguishing properties, but have relatively high freezing points, making it difficult to maintain the fire-extinguishing composition in a liquid state in low-temperature environments. In the present specification, a fire-extinguishing composition having a low freezing point while containing a sufficient amount of the volatile solvent can be provided by adjusting the composition of the fire-extinguishing composition.

[0030] The composition may contain a solvent. Such a solvent has the fire-extinguishing function. Therefore, when the heat generation, fire, and / or explosion occurs at an object adjacent to the composition, the solvent can be used to reduce heat through heat exchange or to eliminate flames generated by the fire and / or explosion. The solvent may be a vaporizable solvent. A vaporizable solvent is a solvent that can vaporize under certain temperature and / or pressure conditions. The composition disclosed herein may be formulated so that the vaporization of the solvent occurs when necessary, for example, when the abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion occurs or is at risk of occurring, and the vaporized form is suitable for the abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion. The gas released to the outside by such vaporization can rapidly demonstrate the fire-extinguishing function over a wider area.

[0031] The vaporizable solvent may be a solvent having a freezing point and / or boiling point within a predetermined range. The freezing point and boiling point referred to in this specification are those under 1 atmosphere unless otherwise specified.

[0032] For example, the lower limit of the freezing point of the volatile solvent may be about −10° C., −8° C., −6° C., −5° C., −4° C., −3° C., −2° C., −1° C., or 0° C., and the upper limit may be about 10° C., 9° C., 8° C., 7° C., 6° C., 5° C., 4° C., 3° ​​C., 2° C., or 1° C. The freezing point may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0033] The vaporizable solvent may have a boiling point within a certain range to exhibit suitable vaporizability. For example, the lower limit of the boiling point of the vaporizable solvent may be approximately 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C, and the upper limit may be approximately 120°C, 115°C, 110°C, or 105°C. The boiling point may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits. Such freezing point and / or boiling point may be adjusted depending on the application of the fire extinguishing device, as described below.

[0034] The vaporizable solvent may be any suitable solvent having a freezing point and / or boiling point within the above ranges without any particular limitation. The solvent may be selected from known solvents that are non-flammable or emit little or no toxic gases.

[0035] A typical example of a vaporizable solvent having a freezing point and / or boiling point within the above range is water, and thus water can be used as the vaporizable solvent of the composition, but the types of applicable vaporizable solvents are not limited to the above.

[0036] For example, the lower limit of the content of the vaporizable solvent in the composition may be about 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, or 55 wt%, and the upper limit may be about 95 wt%, 90 wt%, 85 wt%, 80 wt%, 75 wt%, 70 wt%, 65 wt%, or 60 wt%. The percentage may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. Solvents contained within such ranges can effectively function in a variety of heat-generating, ignition-, and / or explosion-generating environments.

[0037] The fire-extinguishing composition contains the vaporizable solvent and can exhibit a lower freezing point than the vaporizable solvent.

[0038] For example, the lower limit of the freezing point of the fire-extinguishing composition may be about -60°C, -55°C, -50°C, -45°C, -40°C, -35°C, -30°C, or -25°C, and the upper limit may be about -20°C, -25°C, or -30°C. The freezing point may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. With a freezing point within this range, the fire-extinguishing composition can be stably maintained in a liquid state at a certain low temperature, allowing for effective and rapid response to heat generation, fire, and / or explosion, and preventing adverse effects on surrounding elements and products due to changes in volume and hardness caused by phase transition.

[0039] The composition may include additional ingredients to ensure the freezing point.

[0040] For example, the composition may include a freezing point modifier.

[0041] The term "freezing point modifier" may refer to a component whose presence causes the freezing point of the fire-fighting composition to be achieved. While a variety of substances are known to be capable of modulating the freezing point, such substances may be flammable or may generate toxic gases. The compositions disclosed herein may include a non-flammable and / or non-toxic freezing point modifier.

[0042] The freezing point modifier may be radically reactive. When energy such as heat is applied, the freezing point modifier decomposes and combines with active radicals of combustibles, such as H free radicals or OH free radicals, to form stable products. For example, when the freezing point modifier is potassium carbonate (K2CO3), potassium formate (HCOOK), potassium acetate (CH3COOK), or the like, described below, it forms potassium radicals (K*), which combine with OH to form stable products such as KOH. Furthermore, such radically reactive freezing point modifiers can effectively prevent heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion.

[0043] The freezing point regulator may be a gas-generating freezing point regulator. When heat is applied, the freezing point regulator may be decomposed to generate gas. The freezing point regulator may also function as a gas-generating substance, as described below.

[0044] The freezing point modifiers herein may generate non-toxic gases after 8 hours of exposure. To ensure non-flammable and / or non-toxic properties, freezing point modifiers may be used that do not contain specific functional groups. Freezing point modifiers containing specific components or functional groups may be flammable and / or toxic, and their inclusion in a composition may result in a flammable and / or toxic composition. The above-mentioned components and components containing functional groups may generate known toxic gases, such as chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and gases containing halogen elements, such as hydrofluoric acid. The freezing point modifiers herein may be, for example, components that do not contain hydroxyl groups and / or chlorine, or components that generate sulfur dioxide gas, ammonia, and ethylene oxide or that do not contain components that generate such components. Furthermore, components that do not contain halogen elements, such as hydrofluoric acid, may be used.

[0045] The amount of the freezing point modifier to be added can be adjusted in consideration of the desired freezing point of the fire-extinguishing composition and the vaporization mode when required. The freezing point modifier may be present in an amount such that ΔT2 in the following formula 2 falls within a predetermined range.

[0046] [Formula 2] △T2=1.86×M2×I2

[0047] In Equation 2, M2 is the molar concentration of the freezing point modifier contained in the composition relative to the solvent. That is, M2 is the number of moles of the freezing point modifier per 1 kg of the solvent. In Equation 2, I2 is the number of moles of ions generated when 1 mole of the ionic compound dissociates, when the freezing point modifier is an ionic compound. In this case, dissociation refers to when the ionic compound completely dissociates. When the freezing point modifier is not an ionic compound, I2 is 1.

[0048] When two or more freezing point modifiers are present in the composition, the ΔT2 is calculated for each freezing point modifier, and these values ​​are summed to obtain the ΔT2 in Equation 2.

[0049] The ΔT2 is selected taking into consideration the desired freezing point and the type of vaporization when required. The lower limit of ΔT2 may be about 5, 10, 15, or 20, and the upper limit may be about 38, 35, 30, 25, 20, or 15. The ΔT2 may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits; or within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits. Within such a range, the composition can be formulated to remain liquid when required, vaporize when required, and allow the vaporization to occur very quickly.

[0050] The lower limit of the weight parts of the freezing point regulator relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent is 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 24 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, The amount may be about 26 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight, 29 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, or 55 parts by weight, with the upper limit being about 100 parts by weight, 95 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, or 30 parts by weight. The ratio may be in a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or in a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or in a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above.

[0051] The freezing point regulator may be an ionic compound. The category of ionic compounds used herein includes substances that are ionic themselves or can generate ions, such as salt.

[0052] The freezing point modifier may be a non-flammable ionic compound or an ionic compound with a flash point of 120°C or higher. A non-flammable ionic compound may refer to a compound that does not have a confirmed flash point when evaluated according to the method described in "12. Evaluation of Flammability" in the Examples section of this specification. The flash point is also evaluated according to the method described in "12. Evaluation of Flammability." When the ionic compound has a flash point of 120°C or higher, there is no particular upper limit to the flash point. In other words, the ionic compounds disclosed herein are only required to have a flash point above a certain level and not ignite in the event of abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion, so there is no upper limit to the flash point; for example, the upper limit of the flash point may be approximately 1,000°C or 500°C.

[0053] Examples of non-flammable ionic compounds or ionic compounds having a flash point of 120°C or higher that can be used as freezing point modifiers include one or more selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates. Specifically, the freezing point modifier may include one or more of the following substances: sodium acetate (CHCOONa), sodium formate (HCOONa), potassium acetate (CHCOOK), potassium formate (HCOOK), calcium formate ((HCOO)Ca), magnesium formate ((HCOO)Mg), potassium carbonate (KCO), and ammonium sulfate ((NH)SO).

[0054] The freezing point modifier preferably has a certain level of solubility in the vaporizable solvent. Selection of a freezing point modifier with appropriate solubility allows for greater freedom in the amount of the freezing point modifier added, allowing for selection of an amount that can ensure a desired freezing point while improving or not impairing the fire extinguishing function.

[0055] The lower limit of the solubility of the freezing point modifier in 100 g of the vaporizable solvent or water at 0° C. may be about 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, 40 g, 45 g, 50 g, 55 g, 60 g, 65 g, 70 g, 75 g, 80 g, 85 g, 90 g, 95 g, 100 g, 110 g, 115 g, 120 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135 g, 140 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 160 g, 165 g, 170 g, 175 g, 180 g, 185 g, 190 g, 195 g, 200 g, 205 g, 210 g, or 215 g, and the upper limit may be about 1,000 g, 900 g, 800 g, 950 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1150 g, 1200 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135 g, 1400 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 1600 g, 165 g, 1700 g, 1750 g, 1800 g, 185 g, 1900 g, 195 g, 2000 g, 205 g, 210 g, or 215 g. g, 700 g, 600 g, 500 g, 400 g, 300 g, 250 g, 245 g, 240 g, 235 g, 230 g, 225 g, 220 g, 215 g, 210 g, 205 g, 200 g, 195 g, 190 g, 185 g, 180 g, 175 g, 170 g, 165 g, 160 g, 155 g, 150 g, 145 g, 140 g, 135 g, 130 g, 125 g, 120 g, 115 g, 110 g, 105 g, 100 g, 95 g, 90 g, 85 g, 80 g, 75 g, 70 g, 65 g, 60 g, 55 g, 50 g, 45 g, 40 g, 35 g or 30 g. The solubility may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The solubility is the weight (g) of the freezing point modifier that can be dissolved at most in 100 g of water at 0°C, and is evaluated in the manner described in "2. Evaluation of Solubility" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0056] The lower limit of the solubility of the freezing point regulator in 100 g of the vaporizable solvent or water at 25° C. is 75 g, 80 g, 85 g, 90 g, 95 g, 100 g, 110 g, 115 g, 120 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135 g, 140 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 160 g, 165 g, 170 g, 175 g, 180 g, 185 g, 190 g, 200 g, 210 g, 220 g, 230 g, 240 g, 250 g, 260 g, 270 g, 280 g, 290 g, 300 g, 310 g, 320 g, 330 g, 340 g, 350 g, 360 g, 370 g, 380 g, 390 g, 400 g, 410 g, 420 g, 430 g, 440 g, 450 g, 460 g, 470 g, 480 g, 490 g, 500 g, 510 g, 520 g, 530 g, 540 g, 550 g, 560 g, 570 g, 580 g, 590 g, 600 g, 610 g, 620 g, 630 g, 640 g, 650 g, 660 g, 670 g, 680 g, 690 g, 700 g, 710 g, 720 g, 730 g, 740 g, 750 g, 760 g, g, 190 g, 195 g, 200 g, 205 g, 210 g, 215 g, 225 g, 230 g, 235 g, 240 g, 255 g, 260 g, 265 g, 270 g, 275 g, 280 g, 285 g, 290 g, 295 g, 300 g, 305 g, 310 g, 315 g, or 320 g, with the upper limit being 1,000 g, 900 g, 950 g, 1000 g, 1050 g, 1100 g, 1150 g, 1200 g, 1300 g, 1400 g, 1500 g, 1600 g, 1700 g, 1800 g, 1900 g, 2000 g, 2100 g, 225 g, 230 g, 235 g, 240 g, 255 g, 260 g, 265 g, 270 g, 275 g, 280 g, 285 g, 290 g, 295 g, 300 g, 305 g, 310 g, 315 g, or 320 g. 00g, 800g, 700g, 600g, 500g, 400g, 350g, 345g, 340g, 335g, 330g, 325g, 320g, 315g, 310 g, 305g, 300g, 295g, 290g, 280g, 275g, 270g, 265g, 260g, 255g, 250g, 245g, 240g, 235g, The solubility may be approximately 230 g, 225 g, 220 g, 215 g, 210 g, 205 g, 200 g, 195 g, 190 g, 185 g, 180 g, 175 g, 170 g, 165 g, 160 g, 155 g, 150 g, 145 g, 140 g, 135 g, 130 g, 125 g, 120 g, 115 g, 110 g, 105 g, or 100 g. The solubility may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The solubility is the weight (g) of the freezing point modifier that can be dissolved at most in 100 g of water at 25°C, and is evaluated using the method described in "2. Evaluation of Solubility" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0057] The freezing point modifier may be a component having a molar weight within a predetermined range. When the molar mass of the freezing point modifier is maintained at an appropriate level, the freezing point of the overall composition can be adjusted to a desired level while maintaining or improving the functionality (e.g., fire extinguishing function) of other components of the fire-extinguishing composition. For example, the lower limit of the molar mass of the freezing point modifier may be about 10 g / mol, 15 g / mol, 20 g / mol, 25 g / mol, 30 g / mol, 35 g / mol, 40 g / mol, 45 g / mol, 50 g / mol, 55 g / mol, 60 g / mol, 65 g / mol, 70 g / mol, 75 g / mol, 80 g / mol, 85 g / mol, 90 g / mol, or 95 g / mol, and the upper limit may be about 300 g / mol. mol, 250 g / mol, 200 g / mol, 150 g / mol, 145 g / mol, 140 g / mol, 135 g / mol, 130 g / mol, 125 g / mol, 120 g / mol, 115 g / mol, 110 g / mol, 105 g / mol, 100 g / mol, 95 g / mol, 90 g / mol, 85 g / mol, 80 g / mol, 75 g / mol, 70 g / mol, or 65 g / mol. The molar mass can be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0058] The composition may contain other ionic compounds in addition to the ionic compound used as the freezing point modifier. In such cases, the ionic compounds may be present so that ΔT1 in the following formula 1 falls within a predetermined range. This allows the freezing point and vaporization form of the composition to be appropriately controlled while ensuring an appropriate amount of the solvent having fire-extinguishing properties in the composition.

[0059] [Formula 1] △T1=1.86×M1×I1

[0060] In Equation 1, M1 is the molar concentration of all ionic compounds contained in the composition relative to the solvent. That is, M1 is the number of moles of the ionic compounds per kg of the solvent. In Equation 1, I1 is the number of moles of ions generated when 1 mole of the ionic compound dissociates. In this case, dissociation refers to when the ionic compound is completely dissociated.

[0061] When two or more ionic compounds are present in a composition, the ΔT1 is calculated for each ionic compound, and these values ​​are summed to obtain the ΔT1 in formula 1.

[0062] The ΔT1 is selected taking into consideration the desired freezing point and the type of vaporization when required. The lower limit of ΔT1 may be about 5, 10, 15, 20, 22, or 24, and the upper limit may be about 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20. The ΔT1 may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits. Within such ranges, the composition can be formulated to remain liquid when required, vaporize when required, and allow the vaporization to occur very quickly.

[0063] The composition can be controlled so that the ratio ΔT2 / ΔT1 of ΔT2 to ΔT1 in the formula 2 is within a predetermined range.

[0064] For example, the lower limit of the ratio ΔT2 / ΔT1 can be about 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, or 0.85, and the upper limit can be about 1, 0.95, 0.9, 0.85, 0.8, 0.75, or 0.7. The ratio ΔT2 / ΔT1 can be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits. Within such ranges, the composition can be formulated to remain liquid when needed, vaporize when needed, and allow the vaporization to occur very quickly.

[0065] The composition can also be formulated so that ΔT3 in the following formula 3 falls within a predetermined range.

[0066] [Formula 3] △T3=1.86×M3

[0067] In Equation 3, M3 is the molar concentration of all alcohols contained in the fire extinguishing composition relative to the vaporizable solvent. That is, M3 is the number of moles of alcohol per kg of solvent. When two or more alcohols are present in the composition, ΔT3 is calculated for each alcohol, and these values ​​are summed to obtain ΔT3 in Equation 3.

[0068] The upper limit of ΔT3 may be about 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0, and the lower limit may be about 0. ΔT3 may be in a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or may be in a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above.

[0069] A ΔT3 value within the above range means that the composition is substantially free of alcohol. Although alcohol, such as ethylene glycol, has been used as an additive to adjust the freezing point in the past, in the fire-extinguishing composition disclosed herein, it does not adequately adjust the freezing point, does not adequately control the vaporization pattern, and can impart flammability and / or toxicity to the composition. Therefore, it is appropriate to control the ΔT3 value within the above range.

[0070] The fire-extinguishing composition may further include, for example, a carbonizable organic material as an additional component. A carbonizable organic material is an organic material that carbonizes and forms a char when exposed to flame or heat at a predetermined temperature. The char formed by such an organic material is often porous, thereby providing heat insulation. Therefore, when the composition is exposed to heat generation, fire, or explosion, the organic material forms an appropriate char and can exhibit heat insulation functionality. For example, when the composition is applied together with a gas-generating material described below, when exposed to heat generation, fire, or explosion, a porous char can be more effectively formed through the action of gas generated from the gas-generating material during the char formation process of the organic material.

[0071] The organic material may be any suitable material that forms a char when exposed to heat or flame, and may be selected from known organic materials that are non-flammable or emit little or no toxic gases.

[0072] Examples of such organic substances include sugars such as sorbitol and mannitol, polysaccharides such as starch or dextrins (for example, maleated cyclodexdrin (MC) and metal salts of MC), polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate (THEIC), cellulose, bi(4-methoxy-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]-octan-1-sulfide)phenylphosphate (BSPPO), lignin (alkali lignin, urea modified lignin, etc.), melamine compounds such as methylol melamine, and phenol-formaldehyde resins. Examples of the material include, but are not limited to, carbonizing polymers such as carbon black resins and / or PA6T (Poly-hexa methylene terephthalamide).

[0073] A typical example of the carbonizable organic material is starch. Starch is relatively easy to obtain and can form a suitable char when exposed to heat or flame. The type of starch can be adjusted to efficiently form the char and ensure that the char effectively exhibits the desired fire-extinguishing or heat-insulating effects. For example, the starch may contain amylose and amylopectin, but is not particularly limited thereto, and the ratio of these may be adjusted to an appropriate level.

[0074] For example, the starch may contain amylose and amylopectin, with the ratio adjusted to an appropriate level. As is known, amylopectin and amylose are types of polysaccharides found primarily in plants, and among polysaccharides, starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is composed of glucose molecules linked by α(1→4) glycosidic bonds and has a linear chain structure, whereas amylopectin has relatively short, highly branched chains. Amylose crystallizes more easily than amylopectin, and amylopectin has relatively high solubility in water compared to amylose.

[0075] The desired composition can be more efficiently provided by using starch containing an appropriate ratio of amylose and amylopectin having the above-mentioned properties.

[0076] For example, in the starch containing amylose and amylopectin, the weight ratio of the amylopectin to 100 parts by weight of the amylose may be about 150 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight, 250 parts by weight, or 300 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 900 parts by weight, 850 parts by weight, 800 parts by weight, 750 parts by weight, 700 parts by weight, 650 parts by weight, 600 parts by weight, 550 parts by weight, 500 parts by weight, 450 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight, 350 parts by weight, or 300 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin may be measured by the method described in the Examples section of this specification.

[0077] The starch may have a molecular weight, for example, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw), within a predetermined range. For example, the lower limit of the weight-average molecular weight of the starch may be 200,000 g / mol, 250,000 g / mol, 300,000 g / mol, 350,000 g / mol, 400,000 g / mol, 450,000 g / mol, 500,000 g / mol, 550,000 g / mol, 600,000 g / mol, 650,000 g / mol, 700,000 g / mol, 750,000 g / mol, 800,000 g / mol, 850,000 g / mol, 900,000 g / mol. mol, 950,000g / mol, 1,000,000g / mol, 1,500,000g / mol, 2,000,000g / mol, 2,500,000g / mol, 3,000,000g / mol, 3,500,000g / mol, 4,000,000g / mol, 4,500,000g / mol, 5,000,000g / mol, 5,500,000g / mol, 6,000,000g / mol, 6,500,000g / mol, 7,000,000g / mol, 7, The molecular weight may be about 500,000 g / mol, 8,000,000 g / mol, 8,500,000 g / mol, 9,000,000 g / mol, 9,500,000 g / mol, 10,000,000 g / mol, 20,000,000 g / mol, 30,000,000 g / mol, 40,000,000 g / mol or 50,000,000 g / mol, with upper limits of 1,000,000,000 g / mol, 900,000,000 g / mol, 800,000,000 g / mol, g / mol, 700,000,000 g / mol, 600,000,000 g / mol, 500,000,000 g / mol, 400,000,000 g / mol, 300,000,000 g / mol, 200,000,000 g / mol, 150,000,000 g / mol, 100,000,000 g / mol, 90,000,000 g / mol, 80,000,000 g / mol, 70,000,000 g / mol or 60,000,000 g / mol.The molecular weight may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above. Starch having such a molecular weight (Mw) can more effectively form a carbonized product having a desired function (e.g., heat insulation) when exposed to heat or flame.

[0078] When included in the fire-extinguishing composition, the weight ratio of the carbonizable organic material relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, or 3 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits. The carbonizable organic material included in such a ratio can effectively form a char when needed within the composition, and the composition may have excellent overall handleability and storage stability.

[0079] The composition may further contain, for example, a fire extinguishing agent as an additional component to ensure adequate fire extinguishing function. Such a fire extinguishing agent can promote the carbonization of the carbonizable organic material and / or the gas generation of the gas-generating substance described below. For example, the fire extinguishing agent may form an acid or acid-based salt or ion at high temperatures, and such a component can promote the carbonization and gas generation process. Furthermore, depending on the type of fire extinguishing agent, it may impart flame retardancy to the carbonized material or form a component that exhibits flame retardancy on its own. For example, the fire extinguishing agent described below may form a phosphoric acid-based substance by decomposition at high temperatures, and such a substance may polymerize and become flame-retardant. As a result, the fire extinguishing agent contained in the composition allows the composition to respond to abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion.

[0080] It is appropriate for such a substance to have a certain level of solubility in the solvent (e.g., water). By adjusting the solubility in the solvent, aggregation or phase separation can be prevented within the composition, and the aforementioned char formation and / or flame retardant formation can be more effectively promoted. For example, the lower limit of the solubility of the fire extinguishing agent may be about 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, or 40 g, and the upper limit may be about 1000 g, 900 g, 800 g, 700 g, 600 g, 500 g, 400 g, 300 g, 200 g, 100 g, 90 g, 80 g, 70 g, 60 g, 50 g, 40 g, or 30 g. The solubility may be in a range below or below any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or above or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or in a range between below or below any one of the upper limits mentioned above and above or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above. The solubility is the weight (g) of the fire extinguishing agent that can be dissolved at most in 100 g of water at 25°C, and is evaluated in the manner described in "2. Evaluation of Solubility" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0081] The extinguishing agent can be appropriately selected from those having the above solubility, and examples thereof include phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid salts, and other phosphoric acid compounds, phosphonate compounds, and phosphate compounds. The extinguishing agent can be, for example, ammonium monophosphate or diphosphate, urea phosphate, guanylurea phosphate, or ammonium polyphosphate, and one or more of the above can be selected and used. The extinguishing agent can be selected from known extinguishing agents that are non-flammable or emit little or no toxic gases.

[0082] When included, the weight ratio of the fire extinguishing agent to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, or 20 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight. The ratio may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the aforementioned upper limits; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the aforementioned lower limits; or within a range equal to or less than any one of the aforementioned upper limits and equal to or greater than any one of the aforementioned lower limits. The fire extinguishing agent contained in such a ratio exhibits an effective suppression effect against heat and flames and a porous char formation effect when needed within the composition, and the composition as a whole can have excellent handling properties and storage stability.

[0083] The present invention may further include a gas-generating material in the composition. The gas-generating material in the composition is a material that generates gas when exposed to heat or flame. The generated gas can directly extinguish the heat or flame, or can make the carbonized material more porous during the carbonization process of the carbonizable organic material.

[0084] The gas generated by the gas generating material may be of various types, but may be selected from known gas generating materials that are non-flammable or emit little or no toxic gases, such as nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and / or water vapor.

[0085] There are various known substances that generate such gases. For example, examples of substances that generate nitrogen gas include melamine, phosphate, guanidine, urea, melamine pyrophosphate, dicyandiamide, guanylurea phosphate, and glycine. Examples of substances that generate carbon dioxide include potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, and magnesium bicarbonate. Examples of substances that generate water vapor include calcium hydroxide, magnesium dihydroxide, and aluminum trihydroxide. However, the substances applicable in the present specification are not limited to these.

[0086] The gas generating substance may be one or a mixture of two or more selected from the above-mentioned types.

[0087] When a gas-generating material is included, the weight ratio of the gas-generating material relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits. The gas-generating material included in such a ratio provides effective heat and flame suppression and porous carbonization in the composition when needed, and the composition may have excellent overall handleability and storage stability.

[0088] The composition may further comprise a water-absorbing polymer as a further component.

[0089] A water-absorbing polymer is a polymer that can absorb water. In one example, the water-absorbing polymer may be a so-called hydrogel polymer or hydrogel, which is generally defined as a cross-linked hydrophilic polymer. Such polymers are also known as SAPs (Super Absorbent Polymers).

[0090] The water-absorbing polymer is a material capable of absorbing tens to thousands of times its own weight in water, and such a material allows the composition of the present invention to exist entirely in a gel state, thereby ensuring ease of handling and storage stability.

[0091] The type of the water-absorbing polymer is not particularly limited, and any polymer that can be generally applied to SAP can be used without limitation. In addition, the water-absorbing polymer can be selected from known water-absorbing polymers that are non-flammable or emit little or no toxic gases.

[0092] Typically, a polyacrylate vinyl polymer is used as the water-absorbing polymer. The polyacrylate polymer is a polymer prepared from an acrylate monomer, and other known monomers may be further used to form the polymer, if necessary.

[0093] The absorbent properties of the water-absorbing polymer can be adjusted to suit the applications disclosed herein.

[0094] For example, the lower limit of the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of the water-absorbing polymer according to EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) method WSP 241.3 may be about 12 g / g, 13 g / g, 14 g / g, 15 g / g, 16 g / g, 17 g / g, 18 g / g, 19 g / g, 20 g / g, 21 g / g, 22 g / g, 23 g / g, 24 g / g, 25 g / g, 26 g / g, 27 g / g, 28 g / g, 29 g / g, 30 g / g, 31 g / g, 32 g / g, or 33 g / g, and the upper limit may be about 60 g / g, 55 g / g, 50 g / g, 45 g / g, 40 g / g, or 35 g / g. The retention capacity (CRC) can be in a range below or below any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or above or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or in a range between below or below any one of the upper limits mentioned above and above or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above.

[0095] The water-absorbing polymer having the above-mentioned absorption capacity can exhibit the desired properties in combination with other components of the composition of the present specification.

[0096] In one example, the water-absorbing polymer may be a particulate polymer, and in this case, the lower limit of the average particle size of the water-absorbing polymer may be about 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, or 140 μm, and the upper limit may be about 1000 μm, 950 μm, 900 μm, 850 μm, 800 μm, 750 μm, 700 μm, 650 μm, 600 μm, 550 μm, 500 μm, 450 μm, 400 μm, 350 μm, 300 μm, 250 μm, or 200 μm. The average particle size may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above, greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. Such average particle size can be measured by the method specified in NWSP 210.0.R2(15).

[0097] When the composition contains the water-absorbing polymer, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the water-absorbing polymer to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1.0 parts by weight, 1.5 parts by weight, 2.0 parts by weight, 2.5 parts by weight, 3.0 parts by weight, 3.5 parts by weight, 4.0 parts by weight, 4.5 parts by weight, or 5.0 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 20.0 parts by weight, 19.5 parts by weight, 19.0 parts by weight, 18.5 parts by weight, 18.0 parts by weight, 17.5 parts by weight, or 17.0 parts by weight. , 16.5 parts by weight, 16.0 parts by weight, 15.5 parts by weight, 15.0 parts by weight, 14.5 parts by weight, 14.0 parts by weight, 13.5 parts by weight, 13.0 parts by weight, 12.5 parts by weight, 12.0 parts by weight, 11.5 parts by weight, 11.0 parts by weight, 10.5 parts by weight, 10.0 parts by weight, 9.5 parts by weight, 9.0 parts by weight, 8.5 parts by weight, 8.0 parts by weight, 7.5 parts by weight, 7.0 parts by weight, 6.5 parts by weight, 6.0 parts by weight, 5.5 parts by weight, or 5.0 parts by weight. The ratio may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits recited above; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits recited above; or within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits recited above and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits recited above.

[0098] The composition comprises the above ingredients and may optionally contain further ingredients.

[0099] For example, the composition may further comprise a buffer.

[0100] 2 and 3, in an abnormal state, heat may be applied to the fire extinguisher, and further, instantaneous high pressure may be applied. For example, in the structure shown in FIG. 1, if the battery cells 12, 13, 14, and 15 adjacent to the fire extinguisher 100 explode or expand rapidly, high pressure may be applied to the fire extinguisher 100. If the fire extinguisher 100 contracts instantaneously due to the applied pressure, vaporizable substances present inside may be discharged to the outside before vaporizing, but such discharge may reduce the efficiency of the fire extinguishing action.

[0101] As described above, the buffer can act as a buffer against the momentary applied pressure, thereby allowing the vaporization of the vaporizable material inside to occur sufficiently. The buffer can also function as a carrier for the vaporizable material in some cases. That is, when the buffer is porous or in the form of a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt, as described below, the buffer can exhibit the ability to absorb or carry the vaporizable material.

[0102] There are no particular limitations on the type of buffer material as long as it can perform the above-mentioned function, and for example, a buffer material having an appropriate density and / or thermal decomposition temperature can be used.

[0103] For example, the upper limit of the density of the buffer may be about 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, or 0.04, and the lower limit may be about 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.15. The density may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The density is expressed in units of g / cm. 3 is.

[0104] For example, the upper limit of the thermal decomposition temperature of the buffer may be about 2,000°C, 1,800°C, 1,600°C, 1,400°C, 1,200°C, 1,000°C, 900°C, 800°C, 600°C, 500°C, or 400°C, and the lower limit may be about 150°C, 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, or 800°C. The thermal decomposition temperature may be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or may be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. A method for measuring the thermal decomposition temperature is described in "11. Thermal Decomposition Temperature" in the Examples section of the specification.

[0105] The buffer may be made of any known material without particular limitation, as long as it has the density and / or thermal decomposition temperature described above. For example, the buffer may be made of known insulating materials such as glass fiber, ceramic fiber, and / or mineral fiber. Such inorganic fibers may be in the form of a woven or nonwoven fabric, such as a porous film, porous sheet, porous foil, wool, or felt.

[0106] In addition, as the buffer, for example, inorganic foam such as various metal foams, glass wool, mineral wool, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt made of glass fiber or mineral fiber, or foam, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt made of a carbonizable organic material, which will be described later, can also be used.

[0107] As the buffer, inorganic gels (for example, silica gel) known as wet gels can also be used.

[0108] The buffer may be one or a combination of two or more selected from the above-mentioned various types.

[0109] The size of the buffer is determined by the size of the sealed space and is not particularly limited. For example, when the buffer is in the form of a porous film, porous sheet, porous foil, wool, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt, the lower limit of the thickness of the buffer may be about 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or 2.5 mm, and the upper limit may be about 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm, or 3 mm. The thickness may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0110] The composition can exhibit advantageous properties, including the desired fire extinguishing effect, through the combination of the above-mentioned components.

[0111] The composition may have a controlled viscosity and / or thixotropic index.

[0112] For example, the lower limit of the viscosity of the composition is about 30,000 cP, 40,000 cP, 50,000 cP, 60,000 cP, 70,000 cP, 80,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 110,000 cP, 120,000 cP, 130,000 cP, 140,000 cP, 150,000 cP, or 155,000 cP. The upper limit may be on the order of 600,000 cP, 550,000 cP, 500,000 cP, 450,000 cP, 400,000 cP, 350,000 cP, 300,000 cP, 250,000 cP, 200,000 cP, 150,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 80,000 cP, or 70,000 cP. The viscosity may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. Such viscosity is a value measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotation speed of 0.5 rpm, and a specific measurement method is described in the Examples section.

[0113] For example, the lower limit of the thixotropic index of the composition may be about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 10.5, and the upper limit may be about 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, or 6. The thixotropic index may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The thixotropic index is calculated by dividing the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm by the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotational speed of 5 rpm. A specific measurement method is described in the Examples section.

[0114] A composition having the above viscosity and / or thixotropic index can exhibit excellent handling properties and storage stability.

[0115] The composition can exhibit a predetermined latent heat characteristic. Latent heat is generally defined as the amount of heat required for a substance to undergo a phase transition without a temperature change. However, when the composition exhibits the latent heat, it does not necessarily have to undergo a phase transition entirely. The latent heat can be generated during the phase transition of at least a portion of the composition or of a component contained in the composition.

[0116] A composition exhibiting latent heat means that the composition exhibits an endothermic peak within a predetermined temperature range in a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis conducted as described in the Examples below. The process by which the composition exhibits the latent heat may be an isothermal process or a similar process. Therefore, when applied to a heat-generating product, the composition can control the heat while maintaining a uniform temperature of the product, thereby minimizing or preventing the impact of abnormal heat generation, explosion, and / or fire generated from one product on other adjacent products.

[0117] The lower limit of the latent heat exhibited by the composition may be, for example, about 500 J / g, 550 J / g, 600 J / g, 650 J / g, 700 J / g, 750 J / g, 800 J / g, 850 J / g, 900 J / g, 950 J / g, 1000 J / g, 1100 J / g, 1200 J / g, or 1300 J / g, and the upper limit may be about 3000 J / g, 2800 J / g, 2600 J / g, 2400 J / g, 2200 J / g, 2000 J / g, 1800 J / g, 1600 J / g, 1400 J / g, 1200 J / g, 1000 J / g, or 900 J / g. The latent heat can be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0118] The lower limit of the on-set temperature range at which the composition begins to exhibit the latent heat may be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C, and the upper limit may be about 200°C, 180°C, 160°C, 140°C, 120°C, 100°C, 90°C, or 80°C. The on-set temperature may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits. The on-set temperature refers to the temperature at the left on-set point of the endothermic peak section in the DSC analysis.

[0119] The lower limit of the temperature range showing the latent heat of the composition may be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, or 180°C, and the upper limit may be about 300°C, 280°C, 260°C, 240°C, 220°C, 200°C, 180°C, or 160°C. The temperature range may be determined within a range that is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits. The temperature range is the value obtained by subtracting the temperature of the left onset point from the temperature of the right onset point of the endothermic peak range in the DSC analysis.

[0120] In addition, the composition may further contain various known additives as long as the above-mentioned physical properties are not impaired. In this case, there is no particular limitation on the type of additive. Various types of additives can be used, but it is appropriate to select from known additives that are non-flammable or emit little or no toxic gases.

[0121] This specification also discloses a fire extinguishing device containing the composition, which can be manufactured by loading the composition into a suitable case.

[0122] The fire extinguishing device includes a case having an enclosed space therein and a vaporizable solvent or the composition present in the enclosed space. The composition may be the fire extinguishing composition described above, and the vaporizable solvent may be one component of the composition.

[0123] The case is a container for maintaining the vaporizable solvent or composition. The case has the sealed space therein or is prepared so as to be able to form the sealed space. In this regard, "the case is prepared so as to be able to form the sealed space therein" means that the sealed space is formed inside the case, or that a certain space exists inside the case, and the space is not sealed, but the case exists so as to be able to form the sealed space by sealing an open portion.

[0124] The enclosed space in such a case may have a vent area. The term "vent area" may refer to an area that is sealed in a first state to maintain the enclosed state of the space, but is open in a second state to allow the discharge of materials inside the space. The second state may refer to a state in which, for example, abnormal ignition, heat generation, and / or explosion occurs in the environment to which the composition or fire extinguishing device is applied, and the first state may refer to a state in which the abnormal ignition, heat generation, and explosion do not occur.

[0125] Such a vent region can be formed in the manner described below.

[0126] In one example, the case may have a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) within a predetermined range or may include a portion having such a WVTR. For example, at least the portion of the case that forms the sealed space may have a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) within the predetermined range. For example, the upper limit of the WVTR of the case may be approximately 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01, and the lower limit may be approximately 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5. The WVTR may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or may be within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The closer the WVTR is to the range disclosed in the Examples section of the present specification within the above-mentioned range, the more excellent the effect can be secured. The unit of the WVTR is g / m. 2 ·days, which is measured by the method described in "7. Evaluation of WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate)" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0127] In one example, when an enclosed space is formed within the case, at least a certain level of the entire area of ​​the case forming the enclosed space may have a WVTR within the range described above.

[0128] For example, a WVTR within the aforementioned range can be determined from a certain percentage or more of the total area of ​​the case. For example, the lower limit of the percentage of the area of ​​the portion having a WVTR within the aforementioned range of the total area of ​​the case may be approximately 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99%, and the upper limit may be approximately 100%. The percentage may be greater than or exceeding any one of the aforementioned lower limits; or may be greater than or exceeding any one of the aforementioned lower limits and less than or equal to the aforementioned upper limit.

[0129] In another example, a portion of the case that forms the sealed space may have a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) within the aforementioned range. For example, the lower limit of the percentage of the area of ​​the case that forms the sealed space and exhibits a WVTR within the aforementioned range may be approximately 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99%, and the upper limit may be approximately 100%. The percentage may be greater than or equal to any one of the aforementioned lower limits; or may be greater than or equal to any one of the aforementioned lower limits and less than or equal to the aforementioned upper limit.

[0130] The above means that the sealed space inside the case is substantially entirely surrounded by an area having a WVTR within the aforementioned range, which effectively induces a momentary increase in internal pressure inside the fire extinguisher, as described below.

[0131] The fire extinguishing device is configured to stably maintain the vaporizable solvent or composition inside under normal conditions, and to release all or part of the vaporizable solvent or composition, or its vaporized form, to the outside under abnormal conditions. The abnormal conditions may be, for example, abnormal heat generation, fire and / or explosion, or conditions in which the TR and / or TP occur or are at risk of occurring.

[0132] The fire extinguishing device will be described assuming that it is applied to a battery module.

[0133] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing device 100 applied to a battery module. As shown in Fig. 1, the battery module may be configured by arranging a plurality of battery cells 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 adjacent to each other, and the fire extinguishing device 100 may be arranged between the battery cells (for example, between 12 and 13 in Fig. 1 and between 14 and 15 in Fig. 1) as shown.

[0134] The fire extinguisher 100 maintains a vaporizable solvent or the like inside in a normal state. In an abnormal state, the vaporizable solvent or the like in the fire extinguisher 100 is ejected in a direction (dotted arrow in FIG. 1 ) through, for example, the vent region described above, thereby responding to high temperatures and flames caused by abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion. While FIG. 1 illustrates a case in which the substance is ejected from both the upper and lower ends of the fire extinguisher 100, the ejection direction is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1 . The ejection direction may be in one direction of the fire extinguisher 100 or in two or more directions. The ejection direction can be adjusted by forming a vent region.

[0135] In order for a fire extinguisher to perform its function effectively under abnormal conditions, it is required that the vaporizable solvents present inside the case be maintained stably under normal conditions, and that when an abnormal condition occurs, the vaporizable solvents be quickly exhausted to the outside in a vaporized state as much as possible.

[0136] The principle of the operation of the fire extinguishing device will now be described.

[0137] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the fire extinguisher 100 of FIG. 1 separately. In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, if abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion occurs in at least one battery cell, high heat above a certain level is instantaneously applied to the fire extinguisher, as indicated by the solid arrows in FIG. 2. The applied heat causes the vaporizable solvent present inside the fire extinguisher to vaporize. The vaporized material propagates randomly in all directions within the sealed space inside the fire extinguisher's case 1001, as indicated by the dotted arrows in FIG. 2. If the sealed space inside the case 1001 is substantially surrounded by the WVTR-equipped section, the vaporized material cannot be released to the outside, and the inside of the case 1001 momentarily becomes highly pressurized. If the case's vent region 1002 is instantaneously opened at a high pressure above a certain level, the internal gas is rapidly released to the outside through the opened vent region 1002.

[0138] If the WVTR of the case surrounding the sealed space is high, the internal pressure of the case 1001 may not increase effectively in the above state, or the rate of increase may be slow, preventing the vent area 1002 from opening effectively. Even if the vent area 1002 is opened, the internal pressure may be insufficient, causing some of the vaporized material to be discharged to the outside and remain unconsumed, or the discharge rate may be excessively slow.

[0139] Maintaining a low WVTR of the case has the added benefit of ensuring the storage stability of the internal materials under normal conditions.

[0140] Furthermore, the effect can be maximized by the composition containing the above-mentioned ionic compound and satisfying ΔT1 and ΔT2.

[0141] The method for forming the vent region is not particularly limited. The vent region may be formed by designing the case to open when the internal pressure of the case forming the sealed space reaches a certain level. For example, if a portion of the case forming the sealed space is configured to have lower strength than other portions, the portion with lower strength may open due to increased internal pressure. Another method may be to form the sealed space through sealing using a hot melt material, etc., so that opening occurs upon melting at a predetermined temperature. Alternatively, the vent region may be formed by making only a certain portion of the case forming the sealed space thinner than other portions. Such a method for forming a vent region is easily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0142] For example, when the fire extinguishing device is applied to a battery module / pack, the case may be a rectangular case, a pouch-type case, and / or a cylindrical case, which has the same shape as a battery cell, for ease of application. In such cases, a vent region may be formed in the rectangular or cylindrical case by controlling the bonding strength of the cover that forms the sealed space.

[0143] The case can be constructed using any known material as long as it satisfies the above-mentioned WVTR, and the material can have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure of two or more layers.

[0144] For example, the case can be formed using suitable organic and / or substrate-free materials capable of exhibiting a WVTR in the ranges described above.

[0145] The organic layer may be, for example, a known polymer film or sheet. Examples of the organic film include a cellulose-based polymer film, a cycloolefin copolymer (COP) film, an acrylic polymer film, a polyolefin film, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) film, a polyether sulfone (PES) film, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) film, a polyphenylsulfone (PPS) film, a polyetherimide (PEI) film, a polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN) film, a polyester film such as a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, a polyimide (PI) film, a polysulfone (PSF) film, and / or a polyarylate (PAR) film.

[0146] For example, the inorganic layer may be a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer, a metal oxynitride layer, etc. The inorganic layer may be a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer, a metal oxynitride layer, etc. containing one or more selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, Pb, Au, Cu, Ag, Zr, Hf, Zn, Al, Si, La, Ti, and Ni. For example, a foil, sheet, or film of the material may be applied, or the metal layer, metal oxide layer, metal nitride layer, or metal oxynitride layer may be formed on an appropriate substrate by vapor deposition or the like.

[0147] The material forming the case may be a single layer selected from the inorganic layer and the organic layer, or may have a multi-layer structure in which two or more of the above layers are laminated.

[0148] The thickness of the inorganic layer and / or organic layer is not particularly limited and is selected taking into consideration the desired physical properties, such as WVTR. For example, the lower limit of the thickness may be approximately 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, or 30 μm, and the upper limit may be approximately 5,000 μm, 4,000 μm, 3,000 μm, 2,000 μm, 1,000 μm, 500 μm, 200 μm, 150 μm, 100 μm, 90 μm, 80 μm, 70 μm, 60 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, or 30 μm. The thickness may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0149] The fire extinguishing device may include an additional configuration to perform the function more effectively. For example, the fire extinguishing device may further include a thermally conductive layer. Such a thermally conductive layer may be present at an appropriate position within the fire extinguishing device. For example, the thermally conductive layer may be present between the case and the vaporizable solvent or composition in the fire extinguishing device, or the thermally conductive layer may be present adjacent to the case.

[0150] Fig. 3 shows an example in which the heat conductive layer 2001 is added to the fire extinguisher of Fig. 2. The heat conductive layer may be present at another position inside the case, and the number of layers may be one or more.

[0151] The term "thermal conductive layer" refers to a layer having a thermal conductivity (based on 20°C) within the range described below. The lower limit of the thermal conductivity (based on 20°C) of the thermal conductive layer may be approximately 15, 18, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400, and the upper limit may be approximately 2,000, 1,500, 1,000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, or 50. The thermal conductivity may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The unit of the thermal conductivity is W / mK.

[0152] The type of the thermally conductive layer is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned thermal conductivity. Generally, metal materials have excellent thermal conductivity and can be used for the thermally conductive layer. For example, a layer made of a metal material such as aluminum, gold, pure silver, tungsten, copper, nickel, or platinum can be used.

[0153] The thickness of the thermally conductive layer is not particularly limited, and an appropriate thickness can be set taking into consideration the specifications of the fire extinguisher, etc. For example, the lower limit of the thickness of the thermally conductive layer can be approximately 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, or 90 μm, and the upper limit can be approximately 500 μm, 400 μm, 300 μm, 200 μm, 100 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, or 30 μm. The thickness can be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0154] As shown in Figure 3, in some cases, heat generated under abnormal conditions may not be applied uniformly to the fire extinguisher, but may be applied locally to a certain area. However, in order for the vaporizable solvent inside the fire extinguisher to quickly evaporate and achieve a high-pressure state, heat under abnormal conditions must be applied uniformly to the fire extinguisher. If a thermally conductive layer is present, even if heat under abnormal conditions is applied locally, the heat can be quickly transferred to the entire fire extinguisher, thereby allowing the fire extinguishing action of the fire extinguisher to occur quickly and efficiently.

[0155] To ensure the fire extinguishing device achieves the above-described effect more efficiently, the amount of the vaporizable solvent or the composition containing the vaporizable solvent present in the internal space or enclosed space of the case of the fire extinguishing device can be adjusted. For example, the lower limit of the volume ratio of the vaporizable solvent or composition to the total volume of the internal space or enclosed space of the case can be approximately 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%, and the upper limit can be approximately 100%. The ratio can be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits; or greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. Under such a ratio, the rapid increase in internal pressure described above can be more effectively induced.

[0156] The present specification also discloses electronic equipment or devices to which the composition or the fire extinguishing device is applied.

[0157] The type of electronic equipment or device is not particularly limited. For example, the composition or fire extinguishing device may be applied to equipment or devices that are at risk of abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion during operation, maintenance, and / or storage, and that must be controlled to prevent such abnormal phenomena.

[0158] A typical example of such equipment or devices is a battery. In particular, in a battery module configured using multiple battery cells, it is important to prevent abnormal heat, fire, and / or explosion occurring in one battery cell from spreading to other adjacent battery cells.

[0159] Therefore, the present specification discloses a battery module or a battery pack including the fire extinguishing device.

[0160] Such a battery module may basically include a plurality of battery cells; and the fire extinguishing device disposed between the battery cells.

[0161] As long as the fire extinguishing device is applicable, the specific configuration of the battery module, for example, the type of the battery cells, is not particularly limited, and known materials may be applied. For example, known pouch-type, rectangular, or cylindrical battery cells may be applied as the battery cells.

[0162] The manufacturing method of the battery module is not particularly limited, and for example, as described above, a method of manufacturing a fire extinguishing device in the form of a battery cell and then positioning the fire extinguishing device at a required position during the manufacturing process of the battery module may be used. [Effects of the Invention]

[0163] The present specification relates to a fire-extinguishing composition, a fire-extinguishing device, and uses thereof. The present specification provides a fire-extinguishing composition, a fire-extinguishing device, and uses thereof that are applied to products or elements that may generate heat, ignite, and / or explode during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and that can effectively respond to the heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion. The present specification also provides a non-flammable, non-toxic fire-extinguishing composition that has no flash point or has a flash point that is sufficient to respond to the heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion, and a fire-extinguishing device containing the same. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0164] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery module to which a fire extinguishing device is applied. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an illustrative diagram for explaining the operation of the fire extinguisher. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is an illustrative diagram for explaining the operating principle of the fire extinguisher. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a process for manufacturing a fire extinguisher in the embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing one exemplary form of the case applied in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0165] The fire-extinguishing compositions and the like disclosed in this specification will be specifically described below based on examples and comparative examples, but the scope of the fire-extinguishing compositions and the like is not limited to the following examples.

[0166] 1. Measurement of freezing temperature The freezing point was evaluated at 1 atmosphere by the method specified in OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals 102 (adopted by the council on July 27, 1995).

[0167] 2.Solubility Evaluation The solubility was evaluated based on ASTM E1148-02 standard. The maximum amount of the sample dissolved in 100 g of water at 0°C or room temperature (approximately 25°C) was evaluated according to the standard to confirm the solubility.

[0168] 3.Convection test The composition was loaded into an aluminum dish with a bottom thickness of approximately 0.2 mm. The loading was performed so that the composition had a thickness of approximately 3 mm. The aluminum dish was placed on a temperature sensor (K-type thermocouple). Next, a flame was applied vertically from a height of approximately 1 inch above the composition loaded in the dish. The flame was applied using butane gas (a 220 g can of butane gas (unused product)) and a torch. The flame was applied for approximately 3 minutes, while the temperature sensor measured the temperature, and the results were evaluated according to the following criteria.

[0169] <Evaluation criteria> PASS: If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor remains below 250°C NG: If the temperature sensor measures a temperature of 250°C or higher or if the aluminum dish is observed to melt

[0170] 4. Chain ignition test Prismatic batteries were arranged side by side with approximately 3mm spacing, and a fire extinguisher was placed between them. The prismatic batteries used were CATL products (120Ah, 3.2V, dimensions = thickness x width x width = 48 x 174 x 165mm), and were tested in a 100% charged state. In this arrangement, a battery fire was induced in one prismatic battery according to the SAE J2464:2009 standard, and the presence or absence of a chain reaction fire in other cells was confirmed. The battery fire was induced by penetrating the prismatic battery with a nail approximately 5mm in diameter at a speed of 25mm / sec (nail penetration method).

[0171] <Evaluation criteria> PASS: No fire occurs in any battery cells other than the one penetrated by the nail. NG: If a battery cell other than the one penetrated by the nail catches fire

[0172] 5. Molecular Weight Measurement The molecular weight of starch was evaluated by the following method.

[0173] (1) Preparation of mobile phase Mobile phase A was prepared by filtering 1000 mL of a 150 mM NaNO3 aqueous solution containing 0.02 wt% NaN3 using a solvent clarification system (Millipore Millisolve Kit, MilliporeSigma).

[0174] (2) Preparation of sample solution 25 mg of the sample to be measured for molecular weight was mixed with 5 mL of 150 mM NaNO3 aqueous solution containing 0.02 wt% NaN3, heated at 80°C for 20 hours, and then filtered through a 0.4 μm nylon syringe filter to prepare a sample solution.

[0175] (3) GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) / MALS (Multi-Angle Light Scattering Detection) conditions Using the sample solution and mobile phase A, the molecular weight was evaluated by the following method.

[0176] Measuring instrument: Agilent GPC (Agilent 1200 series, US) Stationary phase: Shodex OH-Pak 804 column and Shodex OH-Pak 80 column connected Mobile phase: A; 0.02% NaN3, 150mM NaNO3 aqueous solution = 100 (v / v%) Flow rate: 0.4mL / min Stationary phase temperature: 25℃ Injection volume: 100μl (0.45μm filtered) Analysis time: 120 minutes

[0177] 6. Measurement of amylopectin and amylose content The amylopectin and amylose contents of starch were evaluated according to the method described in the paper (Potato Research 31 (1988) 241-246).

[0178] First, approximately 5 mg of starch as a sample was dissolved in approximately 1 mL of sterile water to prepare a sample (Step 1), and the sample was heated at 95°C in a water bath for approximately 15 minutes (Step 2).

[0179] Next, about 20 μl of the sample was placed in a cuvette (step 3), and about 980 μl of iodine solution was added and mixed (step 4).

[0180] Next, the absorbance of the sample mixed with the iodine solution was measured at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm and recorded (Step 5). The absorbance was measured using an OPTIZEN POP model manufactured by KLAB.

[0181] Approximately 20 μl of water was placed in another cuvette, and 980 μl of iodine solution was added and mixed (Step 6). The absorbance of the solution from Step 6 was measured at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm in the same manner as in Step 5 and recorded (Step 7).

[0182] The absorbance obtained in step 7 was subtracted from the absorbance obtained in step 5 to determine the percentage of amylose using the following formula C (step 8).

[0183]

number

[0184] In Equation C, PA is the percentage of amylose and OD 700 is the absorbance at 700 nm measured in step 5 minus the absorbance at 700 nm measured in step 7, and OD 525 is the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance at 525 nm measured in step 7 from the absorbance at 525 nm measured in step 5.

[0185] 7. WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) Evaluation The WVTR of the cases was evaluated according to ASTM F1249 standard at 38°C and 100% relative humidity.

[0186] 8. Melting Point Evaluation The melting point of the hot melt film used in the manufacture of the fire extinguisher was evaluated using a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) (TA Instrument, Q200 model). The temperature range during evaluation was 25°C to 300°C. The temperature was raised from 25°C to 300°C at a rate of approximately 10°C / min. The left and right on-set points of the endothermic peak section were designated as the start and end of the phase transition, and the temperature of the maximum peak in that section was determined as the melting point.

[0187] 9.CRC(Centrifuge Retention Capacity) CRC was measured using EDANA WSP 241.3. Approximately 0.2 g (W0) of the water-absorbent polymer was placed in a nonwoven bag, sealed, and then immersed in physiological saline at room temperature. The physiological saline was a 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. This condition was maintained for approximately 30 minutes, and the bag was centrifuged at 250 G for 3 minutes to remove water, after which the mass of the bag (g, W2) was measured.

[0188] The same procedure was carried out on the same nonwoven bag that did not contain the water-absorbent polymer, and the mass (g, W1) was measured.

[0189] The measurement results were substituted into the following formula A to calculate CRC (g / g).

[0190] The evaluation was carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions (23±1° C., relative humidity: 50±10%).

[0191] [Formula A] CRC(g / g)={[W2(g)-W1(g)] / W0(g)}-1

[0192] 10.AUP(Absorption Under Pressure) AUP was measured using EDANA method WSP 242.3. A 400-mesh stainless steel wire mesh was attached to the bottom of a plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of approximately 60 mm. 0.90 g (W0) of water-absorbent polymer was evenly spread on the wire mesh, and a piston capable of uniformly applying a load of 0.3 psi was then placed on top of it. The piston had an outer diameter slightly smaller than 60 mm and was placed so that there was no gap between it and the inner wall of the cylinder and it could move up and down. The weight of the apparatus (g, W3) was measured.

[0193] A glass filter with a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was placed inside a 150 mm diameter petroleum dish, and physiological saline was added so that it was flush with the top surface of the glass filter. A 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution was used as the physiological saline. A sheet of filter paper with a diameter of 90 mm was placed on top of the filter. The measurement device was mounted on the filter paper and allowed to absorb the physiological saline under a 0.3 psi load for 1 hour. The measurement device was then lifted and its weight (g, W4) was measured.

[0194] The obtained value was substituted into the following formula B to evaluate AUP (g / g).

[0195] The evaluation was carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions (23±1° C., relative humidity: 50±10%).

[0196] [Formula B] AUP(g / g) = [W4(g) - W3(g)] / W0(g)

[0197] 11.Pyrolysis temperature The thermal decomposition temperature was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Using a Mettler-Toledo TGA e850, the sample temperature was raised from approximately 20°C at a rate of 5°C / min in a N2 flow atmosphere, and the point at which the weight loss reached 5% or more was defined as the thermal decomposition temperature.

[0198] 12.Flammability evaluation The flammability of the freezing point modifier was evaluated according to the ASTM D93 standard. The sample (ignition source) was placed in a 100 mL brass test cup at a volume of approximately 90% of the cup by volume, stirred at approximately 100 rpm, and the diameter of the ignition source was set to approximately 3.2 mm to 4.8 mm. The flash point was evaluated while the temperature was raised at a rate of 5°C / min.

[0199] During the evaluation, if the sample vaporized without igniting, and had no flash point or a flash point of 120°C or higher, it was rated as PASS. If the sample ignited, the temperature at the time of ignition was used as the flash point and it was rated as NG.

[0200] 13.Evaluation of the presence or absence of toxic gases The presence or absence of toxic gas generation was evaluated using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters according to ASTM D4599-21. The length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters are tubes that can measure concentration by color, and measurement tubes are specified for each toxic gas. Gas samples generated from the target substance were collected for approximately 1 minute and quantified. The sample was injected into the open end of the length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter using a 100 ml syringe, and then maintained for approximately 8 hours, after which the concentration of each gas was measured. The toxic gases measured using this method were chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas.

[0201] 14.Ignition potential The fire extinguishing composition was placed in an aluminum can and its ignition property was evaluated. The aluminum can was made of aluminum foil with a thickness of about 3 mm and was in the form of a bag with an open top. The width and length of the can were about 9 cm and 12 cm, respectively, and the internal volume was about 32.4 cm. 3 It was about that extent.

[0202] The can was filled with the fire-extinguishing composition, and with the top of the can open, a flame was applied vertically to one side of the can from a distance of about 1 inch using butane gas (a 220 g can of butane gas (unused product)) and a torch.

[0203] The flame was applied for about 5 minutes, and it was observed whether a flame was generated at the open upper end. If no flame was generated, it was evaluated as PASS, and if a flame was generated, it was evaluated as NG.

[0204] Example 1 Manufacture of fire-extinguishing compositions A first mixture was prepared by mixing water (W), monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass: 115.0257 g / mol), and potassium formate (F) (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass: 84.12 g / mol) in a weight ratio of 100:20:30 (W:N:F). The mixture was mixed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 10 minutes.

[0205] The potassium formate is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by the Toxic Gas Evaluation Method are all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. The solubility of potassium formate in 100 g of water at 0°C is approximately 32.8 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is approximately 331 g.

[0206] The solubility of the monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) in 100 g of water at 25°C was approximately 29 g. Next, starch (S) (Sigma-Aldrich) and melamine (M) (ACROS ORGANICS) were further mixed with the first mixture to prepare a second mixture. In the second mixture, the ratio of water (W), starch (S), and melamine (M) (W:S:M) was adjusted to approximately 100:10:10. The mixing was performed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 30 minutes. Corn starch was used as the starch in the preparation of the second mixture. The starch had a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 51,000,000 g / mol and an amylose-to-amylopectin weight ratio (amylose:amylopectin) of approximately 25:75. Next, a water-absorbent polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the second mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbent polymer was mixed with the second mixture and mixed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 2 hours. The mixing was performed so that the weight ratio (W:P) of the water (W) to the water-absorbent polymer (P) in the mixture was approximately 100:5. The water-absorbent polymer used was LG Chem's SAP GS-803ND product, which was crushed and classified to a size of approximately 150 μm. The CRC (Centrifuge Retention Capacity) of this water-absorbent polymer was approximately 33.5 g / g, and the AUP (Absorption Under Pressure) was approximately 28.1 g / g.

[0207] fire extinguisher The fire extinguishing composition was placed inside an aluminum can (case) used in the manufacture of prismatic batteries, and the open portion was sealed to produce a fire extinguishing device. The WVTR of the can used in the prismatic batteries was approximately 0 g / m 2 It was about a day.

[0208] As shown in Fig. 4, the fire extinguishing composition was injected into the can 1001, and then the can was covered with a cover 1002 to manufacture a fire extinguisher. When manufacturing the fire extinguisher, the composition was injected so that it filled at least 90% of the volume of the empty space inside the can. The can for the prismatic battery used was 9 cm wide, approximately 12 cm long, and 3 cm thick.

[0209] Example 2. A fire-extinguishing composition and a fire-extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that sodium formate (HCOONa) (DAE MYUNG CHEMICALS) (molar mass: 68.01 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS).

[0210] The sodium formate is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by the toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. The solubility of sodium formate in 100 g of water at 0°C is approximately 43.82 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is approximately 97.2 g.

[0211] Example 3. A fire-extinguishing composition and a fire-extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that potassium acetate (CHCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass: 98.15 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) when preparing the fire-extinguishing composition.

[0212] The potassium acetate is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by the Toxic Gas Evaluation Method are all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. The solubility of potassium acetate in 100 g of water at 0°C is approximately 216 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is approximately 268.6 g.

[0213] Example 4. Manufacture of fire-extinguishing compositions A first mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), monobasic ammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS), and potassium acetate (CH3COOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass 98.15 g / mol) (F) in a weight ratio of 160:15:90 (W:N:F). The mixture was mixed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 10 minutes.

[0214] The potassium acetate is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by the toxic gas evaluation method were all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. The solubility of potassium acetate in 100 g of water at 0°C is approximately 216 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is approximately 268.6 g.

[0215] The monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) was the same as in Example 1. Next, starch (S) (the same as that used in Example 1) was further mixed with the first mixture to prepare a fire-extinguishing composition. In the second mixture, the ratio (W:S) of water (W) to the starch (S) was adjusted to about 160:3. The mixing was carried out at room temperature (about 25°C) at 300 rpm for about 30 minutes.

[0216] Next, the fire-extinguishing composition was supported on a porous film. The porous film was made of glass wool (thickness: about 2.5 mm, density: about 0.03 g / cm). 3Glass wool blanket, Rosewool (thermal decomposition temperature: approximately 400°C) was used.

[0217] fire extinguisher A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the fire extinguishing composition was replaced with glass wool carrying the fire extinguishing composition. At this time, the fire extinguishing composition and the glass wool carrying the composition were filled in the can to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the empty space inside the can.

[0218] Comparative Example 1 A fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that ethylene glycol (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass: 62.07 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) when preparing the fire extinguishing composition.

[0219] The ethylene glycol is a flammable substance with a flash point of approximately 111°C, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by the toxic gas evaluation method were all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance.

[0220] Comparative Example 2 A fire-extinguishing composition and a fire-extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that CaCl (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass: 110.98 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) when preparing the fire-extinguishing composition.

[0221] The CaCl2 is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas measured by the toxic gas evaluation method are 0.001 ppm, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas are each 0 ppm, making it a toxic substance. The solubility of the CaCl2 in 100 g of water at 0°C is approximately 59.5 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is approximately 74.5 g.

[0222] Comparative Example 3. A fire-extinguishing composition and a fire-extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that xylitol (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) (molar mass: 152.15 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) and the weight ratio (W:F) of water (W) to xylitol (F) was 100:15.

[0223] Xylitol is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by a toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. The solubility of xylitol in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 10 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 10 g.

[0224] Comparative Example 4. A fire-extinguishing composition and a fire-extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Al2(SO4)3 (DAE MYUNG CHEMICALS) (molar mass: approximately 342.14 g / mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (DAE JUNG CHEMICALS & METALS) when preparing the fire-extinguishing composition.

[0225] The Al2(SO4)3 is a non-flammable substance with no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured by the toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance. The solubility of Al2(SO4)3 in 100 g of water at 0°C is approximately 31.2 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is approximately 36.4 g.

[0226] The evaluation results for the fire extinguisher are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0227] In the following Tables 1 and 2, flammability is the result of the evaluation in "14. Presence or absence of flammability" above, and toxicity is the result of the evaluation of the gases generated and their concentrations in "13. Evaluation of the presence or absence of toxic gas generation" above. If a column is left blank, it means that no toxic gas is generated as evaluated by the evaluation method above.

[0228] In Tables 1 and 2 below, ΔT1 is a value obtained by calculating all ionic compounds in the fire extinguishing composition using the formula 1.86 × M1 × I (M1 is the molar concentration of each ionic compound in water, and I is the number of moles of ions generated when 1 mole of the ionic compound completely dissociates), ΔT2 is a value obtained by calculating ionic compounds in the fire extinguishing composition that have a solubility of 75 g or more in water at 25°C using the formula 1.86 × M2 × I (M2 is the molar concentration of each ionic compound in water, and I is the number of moles of ions generated when 1 mole of the ionic compound completely dissociates), and ΔT3 is a value obtained by calculating alcohols (ethylene glycol and xylitol) in the fire extinguishing composition using the formula 1.86 × M3 (M3 is the molar concentration of the alcohol in water).

[0229] [Table 1]

[0230] [Table 2]

[0231] Example 5 A fire extinguisher was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a pouch was used instead of a can. The pouch was fabricated by laminating a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: approximately 10 μm), aluminum foil (thickness: approximately 20 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) hot melt film (thickness: approximately 70 μm) in this order. The PET film was laminated on one side of the aluminum foil with an adhesive, and the PP hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of approximately 200°C to fabricate an outer shell. The PP hot melt film used had a melting point of approximately 140°C. As shown in FIG. 5, a recess I was formed in the center of the outer shell, and upper and lower shells 121 and 122 were prepared. A fire extinguishing composition was placed in the recess I between the upper and lower shells 121 and 122, and the PP hot melt films were fused together at a temperature of approximately 200°C at the sealing portion S to fabricate the fire extinguisher. Thereafter, three of the four sealing portions S were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could act as vent areas. The composition was injected so as to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the recess I. The WVTR of the case was approximately 0 g / m 2 The case was manufactured to be 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 cm thick.

[0232] Example 6 A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the pouch manufactured in Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0233] Example 7 A fire extinguisher was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0234] Example 8 A fire extinguisher was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0235] Comparative Example 5 A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0236] Comparative Example 6 A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0237] Comparative Example 7 A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0238] Comparative Example 8 A fire extinguisher was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.

[0239] The evaluation results for the fire extinguisher are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below.

[0240] In Tables 3 and 4 below, the meanings of ignition, toxicity, △T1, △T2 and △T3 are the same as those shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0241] [Table 3]

[0242] [Table 4]

Claims

1. a solvent whose freezing point is −10° C. or higher under 1 atmosphere; The solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is 75 g or more, and the ionic compound is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or more. ΔT1 in the following formula 1 is within the range of 5 to 40, A composition in which the ratio ΔT2 / ΔT1 of ΔT2 to ΔT1 in the following formula 2 is 0.4 or more: [Formula 1] △T1 = 1.86 × M1 × I1 [Formula 2] △T2 = 1.86 × M2 × I2 In Equation 1 and Equation 2, M1 is the molar concentration of all ionic compounds contained in the composition relative to the solvent, I1 is the number of moles of ions generated upon dissociation of 1 mole of the ionic compound having the molar concentration M1, M2 is the molar concentration of the ionic compound that is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher contained in the composition relative to the solvent, and I2 is the number of moles of ions generated upon dissociation of 1 mole of the ionic compound having the molar concentration M2.

2. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein ΔT2 is in the range of 5 to 38.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein ΔT3 in the following formula 3 is 7 or less: [Formula 3] △T3 = 1.86 × M3 In Equation 3, M3 is the molar concentration of all alcohols contained in the composition relative to the solvent.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the solvent has a boiling point in the range of 80°C to 120°C.

5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is water.

6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the solvent content is 40% by weight or more.

7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the ionic compound is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher and has a solubility of 20 g or more in 100 g of water at 0°C.

8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the ionic compound is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher and has a solubility of 80 g or more in 100 g of water at 25°C.

9. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the ionic compound, which is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher, has a molar mass of 300 g / mol or less.

10. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the ionic compound that is non-flammable or has a flash point of 120°C or higher is one or more selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates.

11. 10. The composition of claim 1, further comprising phosphoric acid, a phosphate salt, a phosphonate compound, or a phosphate compound.

12. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a carbonizable organic material.

13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the carbonizable organic material is a polysaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, cellulose, lignin, BSPPO, a carbonizable polymer, or a melamine compound.

14. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a water-absorbing polymer.

15. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a buffer.

16. Cases; and 16. A fire extinguishing device comprising the composition of any one of claims 1 to 15 present within the case.

17. The case has a WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) of 0.5 g / m ２ 17. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the period is equal to or less than 1 day.

18. 17. The fire suppression device of claim 16, wherein the composition occupies 70% or more of the interior volume of the case.

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