Coating apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a dry film

Abstract

The present invention relates to a deposition mechanism (101; 101') comprising a powder feeder (700; 700') for feeding a powdered material (004; 004'), the deposition mechanism (101; 101') comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103') forming a nip (104; 104') with the first roller (102; 102'), wherein an injection and / or pre-space (126) is formed and / or provided above the nip (104; 104') in the region of a spandrel (108) formed between the circumferential surface of the first roller (102; 102') and the circumferential surface of the second roller (103; 103'), The application mechanism (101; 101') relates to a powder supplying device (700; 700') into which a powdered material (004; 004') can be supplied via a discharge device (701) provided in the powder supplying device (700; 700'), the discharge device (701) having a container (751) with a bottom (753) that is vibrated by a vibration drive device (707), an opening (752) provided in the bottom (753) of the container (751) connected to a supply passage (756) on the outlet side, and through this supply passage (756) the powdered material (004; 004') can be discharged from the container (751) into the injection and / or pre-space (126) located below. The feed passage (756) extends at its outlet side into an inlet and / or pre-fill space (126) formed in the spandrel (108) between the circumferential surface of the first roller (102; 102') and the circumferential surface of the second roller (103; 103') above the nip (104; 104').Furthermore, the present invention relates to a coating apparatus (100; 100') for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003; 003'). * ) regarding.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The invention relates to a deposition mechanism according to claim 1 and to a coating device according to claim 16, which comprises a powder supply device for supplying powdered material.

[0002] From DE 10 2017 208 220 A1, an apparatus and method for coating a carrier substrate are known, in which a dry film is formed in a nip between a first roller and a second roller and, in one configuration, transferred to the carrier substrate in a nip with a further roller. The rollers are operated at differential speeds to form fibrils.

[0003] US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0224529 discloses an apparatus for coating an object with a coating material, the coating material containing, in particular, 20 to 65% by volume of water. A layer is formed between a first roller and a second roller, where the first roller has improved transfer properties, such as a rough surface, for better release, and the rollers can be operated at different speeds.

[0004] In WO 2020 / 150254, a film is formed by calendering a powder mixture and wound up into a roll, which is fed to a subsequent process where it can be laminated onto a collector. In one configuration, the powder mixture is discharged onto a strip, over which it is guided into the nip of two rollers.

[0005] Japanese Patent Publication No. 5772427 relates to a powder rolling apparatus for producing electrode material from powder. In one configuration, a central vibrating conveyor transports powder to the middle region of a front hopper, and two outer vibrating conveyors transport the powder to the edge regions. In another configuration, the feed hopper has five sections.

[0006] WO 01 / 32312 discloses a roller mill for grinding granular material, in particular grain, which comprises a feeder with an opening by means of which the granules can be released into a grinding mechanism formed by two rollers, the feeder comprising a vibratory drive for generating a vibratory movement of the feeder.

[0007] Japanese Patent No. 5772427 relates to the production of films by pressing powder into the nip between two rollers. The powder is supplied to the nip via a hopper located above the nip. The hopper receives the powder from a feed opening at the downstream end of a vibrating conveyor, which itself receives the powder from a feed hopper. The layer thickness is adjusted or controlled in a closed loop by changing the vertical position of the feed opening and thus the height of the powder column above the nip.

[0008] Chinese Utility Model No. 216749956 discloses a feeding device for a roller assembly for manufacturing battery electrodes, which has a metering device at the inlet of the feeding device to adjust the amount of raw material for the powder mixture. The materials are mixed in a container and fed into a heating container, from which they are fed via a vibrating conveyor into a hopper-like container located above the roller spandrel.

[0009] Chinese Utility Model No. 215964437 and Chinese Patent Publication No. 113102160 relate to an apparatus and a coating apparatus for supplying a highly viscous battery slurry, in which the slurry is first conveyed by a conveyor screw into a supply hopper equipped with at least one vibration-driven device, and from there applied to a collector film. In one configuration of Chinese Utility Model No. 215964437, the slurry is first applied and then guided between two rolls on the downstream side. In another configuration of Chinese Utility Model No. 215964437 and Chinese Patent Publication No. 113102160, the collector film is guided from above through the nip between two rollers, in which case the slurry is applied to the collector film from the upper spandrel.

[0010] Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-32930 discloses an apparatus for uniformly dispersing and coating powder, in which powder, assisted by a vibrator, falls from a hopper through a sieve onto a roller, from which the powder is guided through a series of rollers rotating in the same direction into a nip, within which a guided web is coated with powder.

[0011] The problem underlying the present invention is to provide a deposition mechanism and a coating device with a powder feeder for feeding powdered material.

[0012] This problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claims 1 and 16.

[0013] The advantages that can be obtained by the present invention are, in particular, that the application mechanism or coating device can continuously and reliably produce carrier substrates coated with an active material layer that is as uniform and / or as few defects as possible.

[0014] By feeding the material into the injection and / or pre-space storing the powdered material via a shaking container having a significantly high filling height of the material to be fed, it is possible to achieve a feed into the film-forming gap that does not vary or varies only slightly across its width, and thus the formation of a uniform layer.

[0015] In a particularly suitable configuration of an application mechanism with a powder supply device for supplying powdered material, which application mechanism comprises a first roller and a second roller forming a gap with the first roller, an injection and / or pre-space with a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller is formed and / or provided in the so-called spandrel region above the gap, i.e. in the space, particularly wedge-shaped or triangular in cross section, formed between the circumferential surfaces of the two rollers above the gap, into which the powdered material can be directly or indirectly supplied via a metering device provided in the powder supply device. According to the invention, the discharge device comprises a container with a bottom and, for example, an annular wall, which is vibrated by a vibrating drive, and the powdered material can be discharged through at least one opening in the bottom of the container into a downstream inlet and / or outlet space, and a feed channel with an outlet on the outlet side extends into the inlet and / or outlet space formed in a spandrel between the circumferential surfaces of the first and second rollers above the nip. The wedge-shaped or triangular space formed between the rollers, also called the spandrel, has a substantially triangular or wedge-shaped cross-section, as can be seen in the drawings, which is defined on two sides by two concavely curved lines or surfaces, i.e., the roller circumferential surfaces, and above by an imaginary tangent line or imaginary tangential plane that is tangent to both rollers.

[0016] In a particularly advantageous configuration, a filling level sensor is provided above the bottom with an opening, in particular above the opening, and is preferably arranged in such a way that the filling level in the container and / or in or above the supply channel can be monitored by means of the filling level sensor.

[0017] In one refinement, a plurality of openings are provided next to each other, viewed in the direction of the roller gap, and / or only one or each opening is followed at its downstream and / or lower end by a passage having an outlet recessed into the injection and / or pre-position space.

[0018] A particularly suitable coating device for coating a carrier substrate with a dry film, in particular a powder composite film, comprises at least one application mechanism in the above-described configuration, by means of which a powdered material can first be processed into a dry film by means of a pressing force, and then this dry film can be applied to one side of the carrier substrate as a powder composite film, in particular by pressing and / or by means of a pressing force.

[0019] Preferably, the second roller or a roller which cooperates directly with the second roller or indirectly via one or more further rollers and which acts as a laminating roller forms a second nip in the nip between its circumferential surface and the circumferential surface of the roller which acts as a counter pressure roller, through which the carrier substrate (006) can be guided, and onto which the dry film formed via the first nip can then be applied.

[0020] In an advantageous configuration, the coating apparatus comprises a second deposition mechanism of the above configuration, into which powdered material can be introduced via a further powder supply device and processed into a second dry film in the further powder supply device, and which can then be deposited onto the other second side of the carrier substrate, and the second deposition mechanism also has a first roller and a second roller, and the second rollers of both deposition mechanisms together form a second roller gap, through which the carrier substrate can be guided, and at the same time, the dry films formed through each first gap can be deposited onto both sides of the carrier substrate.

[0021] An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is explained in more detail below. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a product to be produced. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming and depositing a dry film. [Figure 3] 1 shows an embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product comprising a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of a first group of embodiments. [Figure 4] 4 is an enlarged view of the deposition step of the first configuration shown in FIG. 3. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 shows an alternative configuration to that of the first group of examples. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 shows a further alternative configuration of the first group of example configurations. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 shows a further alternative configuration of the first group of example configurations. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a principle diagram of the configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a principle diagram for a further configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 10]10 shows an embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of the second group of embodiments. FIG. [Figure 11] 11 is an enlarged view of the deposition stage shown in FIG. 10 with a paired coupling of two rollers in a first configuration. [Figure 12] 11 is an enlarged view of the deposition stage shown in FIG. 10 with a paired coupling of two rollers in a second configuration. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a view from diagonally below, showing the removal device. [Figure 14] A perspective view of a product section with slight lateral primer extrusion. [Figure 15] 10 shows a further embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product comprising a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 16] 10 shows a further embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product comprising a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 17] 1 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with a first configuration of the device for feeding powdered material into a nip; FIG. [Figure 18] 1 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with a sensor device provided in the drop path in a first configuration; FIG. [Figure 19] 10 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with a sensor device provided in the drop path in a second configuration. FIG. [Figure 20] 20a) is a schematic perspective view of an application mechanism with a further advantageous configuration for a device for feeding powdered material into a nip, and FIG. 20b) is a detailed view of FIG. 20a). [Figure 21] 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an application mechanism with a further advantageous configuration for a device for feeding powdered material into a nip; [Figure 22]1 is a schematic perspective view of an application mechanism with a further advantageous configuration for a device for feeding powdered material into a nip; [Figure 23] 1 is a schematic perspective view of an application mechanism with a further advantageous configuration for a device for feeding powdered material into a nip; [Figure 24] 1A) is a schematic side view and FIG. 1B) is a top view of an application mechanism with a further advantageous configuration for a device for feeding powdered material into a nip. [Figure 25] 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an apparatus for determining the density of a layer of material conveyed around a roller;

[0023] The device or machine described below is particularly concerned with the fabrication of electrode units 001 of electrochemical storage devices such as those used in batteries or accumulators, such as lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries or, in particular, lithium-ion batteries, as well as in solid-state batteries.

[0024] The products 001; 002 produced by the machine described below can be formed, for example, by an intermediate product 002 that has not yet been cut, for example in web form, such as a product continuum 002 formed as an electrode continuum 002, or by an arc-shaped final product 001 that has already been cut in the machine, such as a product segment 001 formed as an electrode unit 001, or electrode 001 for short.

[0025] Thus, for the production of such products 001;002, which comprise a material layer 003;003', in particular an active material layer 003;003', preferably applied as a dry film 003;003', applied on one or both sides to a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web 006, for example a current collector substrate 006 formed by a current collector sheet 006, there is provided an apparatus 100;100 for coating, for example a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 as described above, with said material layer 003;003', preferably a dry film 003;003', in particular a powder composite film 003.* , abbreviated as Coating Apparatus 100;100 * An apparatus for, in particular dry coating, is provided, which comprises at least one first application mechanism 101 by means of which a powdery, preferably dry, material 004;004', in particular a preferably solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture 004;004', can first be converted, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, into a dry film 003, and then this dry film 003;003' can be applied, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, to a first side of a carrier substrate 006. The dry film 003;003' to be applied preferably has a thickness of, for example, 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably 40 μm to 100 μm, for example, after application and pressing.

[0026] The above-mentioned powder mixture 004; 004', in particular present as a dry powder, comprises, in particular for the fabrication of electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators, for example electrode units 001 with more than 90% by weight of active material, such as one or more of the lithium compounds lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide and / or lithium titanate, a few weight percent, for example 3% by weight, of a conductive additive, for example graphite or so-called CNTs, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and a few weight percent, for example 2% by weight, of a plastic, for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which acts as a binder in the subsequent powder composite.

[0027] The carrier substrate 006 is, for example, also the current collector layer of the electrode unit 001 and is formed, for example, from a conductive material, such as a metal, in the form of a sheet, fleece, or fabric. The carrier substrate 006 is, for example, formed from aluminum or copper and / or has a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 16 μm, particularly when producing electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators. In the case of producing anodes, the carrier substrate 006 is made, in particular, of copper, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 5 to 13 μm, and in the case of producing cathodes, the carrier substrate 006 is made, in particular, of aluminum, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 μm.

[0028] In a preferred configuration, the carrier substrate 006 has a superficial coating of a bond-promoting or bond-generating agent 007;007', such as a binder 007;007', a primer 007;007' or an adhesive 007;007', at least in the surface area coated with the dry film 003;003'. Such an agent 007;007' may be formed by a thermoplastic or reactive binder or primer, for example, may contain a thermoplastic component and / or may only have a thickness d007 of a few μm, for example at most 5 μm, in particular at most 3 μm.

[0029] The thickness d003;d003' of the active material layer 003;003' of the product 001;002, i.e., the electrode unit 001 or the electrode continuum 002, is, for example, at most 240 μm, in particular at most 150 μm, preferably at most 100 μm, and / or for example, at least 20 μm, in particular at least 30 μm, preferably at least 40 μm.

[0030] For example, the total thickness of the double-sided coated products 001;002 amounts to, for example, at most 500 μm, in particular at most 320 μm, preferably at most 220 μm, and / or at least 50 μm, in particular at least 70 μm, preferably at least 90 μm.

[0031] To ensure an efficient production process, the web-like carrier material 006 is preferably processed into the above-mentioned final or intermediate product, for example having a width of at least 500 mm, in particular at least 600 mm, or even in a particularly advantageous configuration at least 1,200 mm. For example, the carrier substrate 006 is not coated with the dry film 003; 003' over its entire width, but only up to the bond-free edge regions, where the surface of the metallic conductive carrier substrate 006 remains free and accessible, for example for bonding purposes with cables.

[0032] For the production of the dry film 003, the first roller 102, in particular the metering roller 102, and the second roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103, of the first application mechanism 101 are arranged to form a first gap 104, in particular a first film-forming gap 104, in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, through which a powder mixture 004 conveyed into the nip by, for example, a device 700 for supplying powdered material, shortly referred to as a powder supply device 700, can be conveyed to form the dry film 003 (see, for example, FIG. 2). The inner width of the first gap 104 at its narrowest point determines the thickness of the dry film 003 before passing the application point where the dry film 003 is applied to the carrier substrate 006, in particular under pressure, and which may be even greater than the thickness of the product 001; 002 afterwards.

[0033] The adhesion point is preferably formed here by the nip of a second roller 103, in this case acting as a laminating roller 103, either directly with the roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103', or by a roller which cooperates with the second roller directly or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, with the roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103' (not shown here). The second or further roller acting as laminating roller 003 and the roller 106; 103 acting as counter pressure roller 106; 103 form a second gap 107, in particular a deposition gap 107 (hereinafter also referred to as laminating gap 107, for example), in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, by which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular, a dry film 003 having a thickness of, for example, at least 40 μm, for example, 50 μm to 200 μm, in particular 60 to 120 μm, formed via the first film forming gap 104 can be deposited from the side facing away from the counter pressure roller 106; 103.

[0034] Adhering stage 100;100 * In a preferred configuration, the device 700′ for supplying, in particular, a solvent-free and / or dry, e.g., powder-like material, or powder supply device 700′ for short, comprises a second application mechanism 101′ (see, for example, FIGS. 3 to 13), by means of which the powder mixture 004′ conveyed into the nip by the application mechanism 101′ as well, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, can first be processed into a second dry film 003′;003′, which can then be applied, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, to the other, second side of the carrier substrate 006. In principle, this can be the same powder mixture 004′ or a powder mixture 004′ different from the first powder mixture 004′.

[0035] In the second application mechanism 101', preferably, a first roller 102', particularly a metering roller 102', and a second roller 103', particularly a laminating roller 103', are arranged so as to form a first gap 104', particularly a second film forming gap 104', in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, through which the powder mixture 004' can be transported for the formation of a second dry film 003'.

[0036] Here again, the second roller 003' of the second application mechanism 101' can form a gap 107'; gap 107 with the roller 106'; 103 acting as a counter pressure roller 106'; 103, either directly or by a roller (not shown here) cooperating with the second roller 103' directly or indirectly through one or more further rollers and acting as a laminating roller, in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, by which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided, and in particular the second dry film 003' formed through the second film forming gap 104' can be applied from the second side facing away from the second counter pressure roller 106'; 103.

[0037] In a first group of embodiments of the coating apparatus 100 (see, for example, FIGS. 3-7), the second gap 107′ is formed by a second deposition gap 107′ different from the first deposition gap or lamination gap 107′, e.g., a lamination gap 107′, with a roller 106′ acting as a second, particularly counter-pressure roller 106′ and acting as a second counter-pressure roller 106′ different from the first counter-pressure roller 106, which can guide the carrier substrate 006 and, in particular, can deposit the second dry film 003′ formed via the second film-forming gap 104′ from a second side opposite the second counter-pressure roller 106′. In this configuration, two independent deposition mechanisms 101; 101′ are provided for the two sides of the carrier substrate 106. It is therefore possible to adjust different conditions in the lamination gap 107; 107' for each deposition independently of one another, for example different pressing or line forces and / or possibly temperatures.

[0038] In such a configuration, for example, for large windings, the metering rollers 102; 102, the laminating rollers 103; 103' and the counter-pressure rollers 106; 106' which together form the laminating gap 107; 107' may, in each application mechanism 101; 101', in a first configuration variant, be arranged relative to one another so that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106', respectively, intersect at an angle α of, for example, 40° to 130°, in particular 70° to 110°, preferably 80° to 100°. A larger wrap can ensure better heat transfer from the possibly temperature-controllable counter pressure roller 106; 106' and / or improved, e.g., chatter-free, loading and unloading (see, e.g., Figures 3 to 5).

[0039] For example, each counter-pressure roller 106; 106' may be arranged below the laminating roller 103; 103' in such a way that the plane connecting the rotation axes R103; R106; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' deviates from the vertical by at most ±30°, in particular by at most ±15°. The pressure force and gravity in the laminating gap act mainly in the same direction.

[0040] In a second, for example, advantageous design variant with regard to the acting forces and load direction, the metering rollers 102; 102, the laminating rollers 103; 103' and the counterpressure rollers 106; 106' which together form the laminating gap 107; 107', are, for example, arranged in pairs in each application mechanism 101; 101', adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; The planes connecting the rotation axes R102;R103;R106;R102';R103' of the rollers 102;103;106;102';103';106' of the application mechanism 101;101' intersect at most at an acute angle α of at most 20°, in particular at 0°, so that the rotation axes R102;R103;R106;R102';103' of the three rollers 102;103;106;102';103';106' of the same application mechanism 101;101' are arranged relative to one another in a coplanar manner. As a result, the arrangement has a very high stiffness, since the forces and reaction forces are at least mainly directed in opposite directions.

[0041] The two application stations 101; 101' with their laminating rollers 103; 103' are on different sides of the substrate path and may be arranged relative to one another such that in one embodiment the two laminating gaps 107; 107' are directly above each other vertically (see, for example, FIG. 6) or in another embodiment horizontally, in particular offset by at least half the laminating roller diameter, and at most 1.5 times the laminating roller diameter (see, for example, FIG. 7). According to FIG. 7, substrate guides, which can also be applied to other configurations, are also shown exemplarily in dashed lines, by means of which a larger wrap angle and thus better heat transfer and / or more stable entry can be achieved. For this purpose, the substrate path is aligned with the conveying direction T when entering the subsequent rollers 106; 106'. S is the conveying direction T of the substrate 006 being conveyed. S , or is deflected by an additional substrate guiding element 121 so as to extend at an inclination angle of at least 45° relative to the substrate.

[0042] In addition to the metering roller 102; 102', the second roller 103; 103', or a roller cooperating directly with the second roller or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acting as a laminating roller, in an advantageous configuration further rollers 118; 118' (see, for example, all configurations of the first group in Figure 5) may be provided, which further rollers 118; 118' can be applied in the manner of a calendering roller 118; 118' to the dry film 003; 003' supplied or guided onto the laminating roller 103; 103' in the peripheral section that guides the dry film 003; 003' between the metering gap 104; 104' and the laminating gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' during operation, i.e., during production operation.

[0043] With regard to the above-mentioned configurations, configuration variants and configuration forms, in a first arrangement for the roller support means, the laminating roller 103; 103' of each application mechanism 101; 101' can be fixed in position during operation on its rotation axis R103; R103', even if its position can be adjusted if necessary, and the metering roller 102; 102' and the counter pressure roller 106; 106' can each be adjustably supported via respective adjustment drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the assigned laminating roller 103; 103'. Hereinafter, the term adjusting drive 109;109';111;111' will be understood to mean the whole set of means for performing and / or allowing direct or indirect adjustment of the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106', which will also be referred to as adjusting means 109;109';111;111' in the following, and which comprise at least one adjusting mechanism 112;112';113;113' which guides the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' along an adjusting movement, and one or more drive means which effect the adjustment.

[0044] In order to bring each metering roller 102, 102' into contact with the second roller 103, 103', a position-based adjusting drive 109, 109' or adjusting means 109, 109' for position-based adjustment is provided in the first configuration, i.e., an adjusting drive 109, 109' or adjusting means 109, 109' that can be moved to a defined position of the component to be adjusted. Such a position-based adjusting drive 109, 109' can be realized in that the drive means, e.g., the drive motor, can itself assume a defined and specifiable position, as is possible with a position-open-loop controllable servo drive or servo motor, or in that the adjustment stroke is limited at least towards the relevant side by an abutment that is adjustable via the drive means, which abutment defines an end position relative to which the component to be positionally adjusted is or can be adjusted, for example, by a force-based or non-position-accurate drive means. In this case, the rollers 102, 102' are mounted, for example, in or on adjustment mechanisms 112, 112', 113, 113', which are formed by bearing mechanisms 112, 112', 113, 113' that translate the adjustment stroke, for example, with positional precision. Such adjustment mechanisms 112, 112', 113, 113' are preferably provided, for example, by bearings 113, 113' with eccentrics, such as triple-race bearings 113, 113', particularly for small adjustment strokes involving large forces. However, linear bearings 112, 112' extending in the adjustment direction may also be advantageous, for example, for a position parallel to the adjustment direction and thus more directly relative to the adjustment stroke.

[0045] In order to adjust each counter pressure roller 106; 106', in this first advantageous configuration, a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111 or adjustment means 111; 111' for force-based adjustment, i.e., an adjustment drive 111; 111' or adjustment means 111, is provided, via which a defined force application to the thrust bearing can be achieved. For example, such an adjusting drive 111; 111', in particular one that is force-based at least on one side, can be realized in that the drive means, e.g. the drive motor, can itself apply a defined and specifiable force, as is possible, for example, with a torque closed-loop or open-loop controllable servo drive or servo motor, in particular a rotary torque closed-loop or open-loop controllable servo drive, or in that an adjusting force for the relevant side can be applied to the other roller 103; 103' by a pressure-medium-actuated drive means, for example by a pneumatically or hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system, the pressure of the drive means being preferably adjustable. In this case, the counterpressure roller 106, 106' is mounted, for example, in or on an adjustment mechanism 112, 112', 113, 113', which is formed by a bearing 112, 112' that converts the adjustment force on a force basis, i.e., without additional mechanical limitation of the adjustment stroke. As such, for example, a bearing 112, 112' formed as a linear bearing 112, 112' can be advantageously formed at least on one side, but preferably on both sides.

[0046] However, in a second configuration, the metering rollers 102; 102' can be force-based adjustable and the counter pressure rollers 106; 106' can be position-based adjustable in the opposite way. To this end, the above will be repurposed and applied in each corresponding way.

[0047] However, in a third configuration, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' may be force-based adjustable, and in a fourth configuration, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 may be position-based adjustable. To this end, the above will be repurposed and applied in a corresponding manner.

[0048] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting at least the counterpressure roller 106; 106', combined adjusting mechanisms 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or combined adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' or combined adjusting means 109; 109'; 111; 111' are provided, which selectively enable position-based or force-based adjustment of the rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' in question. Such a combined adjusting drive 109;109';111;111' can be formed, for example, by an adjusting drive 109,111;109';111' or adjusting means 109,111;109';111', a force-controllable drive means, for example a cylinder-piston system capable of providing pressure fluid, and an adjusting mechanism 112;112';113;113', in whose adjusting stroke one or more abutment means can be selectively introduced for position limitation, which can be positioned via the adjusting means. Alternatively or additionally, an adjusting drive 109,111;109';111' can also be advantageous, which adjusting drive 109,111;109';111' comprises as drive means a motor, in particular a servomotor, which can be operated with position closed-loop control or with position open-loop control or with torque closed-loop control or with torque open-loop control.

[0049] In the second arrangement of the roller bearing means, the counter pressure roller 106; 106' of each application mechanism 101; 101' can be fixed in position during operation on its rotation axis R106; R106', possibly adjustable, and the laminating roller 103; 103' is connected to the assigned metering roller 102; 102' via the respective common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or adjusting drive 111; 111' towards the assigned counter pressure roller 106; 106' and / or the counter pressure roller 106; 106'. 106;106', and in addition each metering roller 102;102' may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned laminating roller 103;103' via the bearing mechanism 112;112';113;113' and / or the adjusting drive 109;109';111;111'.

[0050] In a first advantageous configuration, for this purpose, a position-based adjusting drive 109, 109' in the above sense may be provided for adjusting each metering roller 102, 102', for example a bearing arrangement 112, 112', 113, 113' formed on one or both sides by a triple-race bearing 113, 113' or by a linear bearing 112, 112'. A force-based adjusting drive 111, 111' in the above sense may be provided for adjusting the laminating roller 103, 103' in pairs with the respectively assigned metering roller 102, 102'.

[0051] However, in a second configuration, the metering rollers 102; 102' can be force-based adjustable and the roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 can be position-based adjustable in the opposite way. To this end, the above will be repurposed and applied in the respective corresponding ways.

[0052] However, in a third configuration, the metering rollers 102; 102' and the roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102' can be force-based adjustable, and in a fourth configuration, the metering rollers 102; 102' and the roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 can be position-based adjustable. To this end, the above will be translated and applied in each corresponding manner.

[0053] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting at least the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102' in the above sense and / or in the above configuration, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 is provided, which adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 selectively enables a position-based or force-based adjustment of the pair towards the counter pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103.

[0054] Coating device 100 * In a second group of embodiments (see, for example, those shown in Figures 8 to 12, 15, 16, 21 and 22), the roller of the second application mechanism 101', which cooperates directly or indirectly via one or more further rollers with the second roller 103' or the second roller 103' of the second application mechanism 101', forms a common gap 107 with the second or further roller 103 of the first application mechanism 101, which acts as a laminating roller 103, in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, which acts as a bilateral laminating gap 107, and the two laminating rollers 103; 103' which form the gap 107 between them interact as counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103'. Between the latter, the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and in particular on both sides the dry film 003', 003' formed via the first and second film-forming gaps 104; 104', respectively, can be deposited. Such an arrangement of two deposition mechanisms 101; 101' cooperating for simultaneous deposition on both sides is also referred to below as a double deposition mechanism 101, 101'.

[0055] The planes formed in each application mechanism 101; 101' by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering rollers 102; 102' and the laminating rollers 103; 103' intersect, for example, at an acute angle α of at most 20°, advantageously at most 5°, in particular 0°, so that in the latter case the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; 103'; 106' of the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the two application mechanisms 101; 101' cooperating in the double laminating gap 107 are in the same plane or extend parallel to each other but vertically offset from each other.

[0056] In a first configuration variant, the two planes extend in a common horizontal plane or horizontally, but vertically offset from one another (see, for example, FIG. 8).

[0057] In a second, advantageous design variant, for example in terms of a small winding, the two planes extend in a common plane inclined to the horizontal or in two planes inclined to the horizontal but offset vertically from each other, where the common plane or the two offset planes are inclined to the horizontal by an acute angle β of, for example, 2° to 15°, in particular 3° to 10° (see, for example, FIG. 9).

[0058] In addition to each metering roller 102; 102' and second roller 103; 103', in an advantageous refinement, further rollers 118; 118' may also be provided in the above-described manner of calendering rollers 118; 118' (see, for example, the illustrated arrangement of all the configurations of the second group in dashed lines in Figures 8 and 9).

[0059] In the above-mentioned configuration variants and forms, in the first arrangement of the roller bearing means, the first of the two laminating rollers 103 or the further roller of the first of the two application mechanisms 101 acting as a laminating roller can be fixed in position in operation on its rotation axis R103, even if it is possibly adjustable, while the second of the laminating rollers 103' or the further roller acting as a second laminating roller is connected to the assigned metering roller 102; 102' by a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common adjusting drive 109. 109';111;111' may be adjustably supported in pairs in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the assigned counter pressure roller 106;106', and in addition, each metering roller 102;102' may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned laminating roller 103;103' via the bearing mechanisms 112;112';113;113' and / or the adjusting drives 109;109';111;111'. For example, if there are one or more further rollers between the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller acting as a laminating roller, these can also be adjusted together via a common support mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the assigned counter pressure roller 106; 106'.

[0060] For adjusting each metering roller 102; 102', in a first advantageous configuration a position-based adjusting drive 109; 109' in the above sense and / or in the above sense in the above configuration is provided. For adjusting the second laminating roller 103' in pairs with the assigned metering roller 102', a force-based adjusting drive 111; 111' may be provided for force-based adjustment in the above sense and / or in the above sense in the above configuration.

[0061] However, in a second configuration, the opposite is true: the metering roller 102; 102' can be force-based adjustable and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be position-based adjustable. Again, the above will be translated and applied in each corresponding manner.

[0062] However, in a third configuration, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 may be force-based adjustable, and in a fourth configuration, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 may be position-based adjustable. To this end, the above will be repurposed and applied in a corresponding manner.

[0063] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting at least the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 in the above sense and / or configuration, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 is provided, which adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113' selectively enables a pair of position-based adjustments for the laminating roller 103 acting as counterpressure roller 103'; 103 via position-based adjustment drives 109; 109' and force-based adjustments via force-based adjustment drives 111; 111'.

[0064] In all configurations of two groups having jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these may be supported on both sides by carriers 122'; 122, in particular on the lateral parts of the lower frame, which carriers 122'; 122 are themselves supported via bearing mechanisms 112'; 112 formed by linear bearings 112'; 112 on the frame accommodating the application mechanisms 101; 101'.

[0065] However, instead of this, the two jointly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102; 102' may be supported on both sides by carriers, in particular on the lateral parts of the lower frame, and these carriers 122'; 122 are themselves supported so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis parallel to the rotation axis of the first laminating roller 103; 103', which is supported in a fixed position (see, for example, Figure 12).

[0066] As already mentioned, in each application mechanism 101; 101', at least one further roller may be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the nip point with the counter pressure roller 106; 103' which acts as a laminating roller and forms a laminating gap 107; 107' with the counter pressure roller 106; 103'.

[0067] In a particularly advantageous refinement of all embodiments of the two groups of examples, in each application mechanism 101; 101', the material removal section 127; 127' is provided with a removal device 114; 114', in particular a cleaning doctor 114; 114', which can be selectively applied to and removed from the circumferential surface of the first roller 102; 102', for example for cleaning purposes, which extends over at least the width of the roller circumferential surface effective for film formation.

[0068] Alternatively, or advantageously in addition, the material removal section 127, 127' of each application mechanism 101, 101' comprises, viewed parallel to the axis of the second roller 103, two removal devices 116, 116', in particular side edge doctors 116, 116', which are spaced apart from one another and adjustable parallel to the axis and which are applied or can be applied to the second roller 103, 103', so that the dry film 003, 003' transported on the second roller 103, 103' can be removed in the region of its side edges and sent, for example, to a collecting device 117, 117'. This removal serves, for example, as a so-called edge trimming in order to obtain straight edges and / or a desired width b003, b003' of the dry film 003, 003'. The collected material can, for example, be returned to the supply of the powder mixture 004;004'. Such a removal device 116;116' can also be used, for example, to remove edge strips 008;008' used when determining the density ρ of the material layer 003;003', as shown, for example, below, for example in connection with Figure 25.

[0069] For cleaning purposes, advantageously, a removable and attachable removal device 129; 129', in particular a cleaning doctor 129; 129', may also be provided on the circumference of the second roller 103; 103', which may, for example, extend over at least the width of the roller circumference effective for film formation and may optionally be provided with a suction or collection device (not shown).

[0070] In order to feed or introduce the powder mixture 004;004' into the first gap 004;004', in a particularly advantageous refinement, in the application mechanism 101;101' above the first gap 104;104', for example, two spaced apart, preferably adjustable in a direction parallel to the axis of the first roller 102;102', delimiters 124, in particular side shields 124, which in each case are connected to the first and second rollers 102;102' 2; 103; 102'; 103', i.e., in a wedge-shaped or triangular space 108 or in a wedge-shaped or triangular space 108 between the peripheries above the gap 104; 104', towards both end faces of the application mechanism 101; 101', thereby forming an inlet and / or pre-deposition space 126 therebetween, preferably of variable width, for accommodating the powder mixture 004; 004'. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003; 003', this results in the inlet and / or pre-deposition space 126 having a variable or alternating position of its side shields 124 on at least one side, preferably both sides. The spandrel 108 or the wedge-shaped or triangular space 108 between the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' has sides recessed towards the periphery and is defined by an abutment surface connecting the periphery of the two rollers. As an alternative to an injection and / or pre-deposit space 126 directly bounded in the lower region by the periphery, an injection and / or pre-deposit space 126 in the form of, for example, an injection or pre-deposit hopper comparable to the insertion aid described below can also in principle be provided in or directly on the spandrel 108, at least insofar as this does not conflict with other design features of the application mechanism 101; 101' or the powder supply unit 700; 700'.

[0071] For all the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the support mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' of the first roller 102; 102 and / or the adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' are preferably designed so that the gap width of the first gap 104; 104' is adjustable during operation to a variable inner width at its narrowest point of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, in particular at least 50 μm, and / or the gap width of the first gap 104; 104' is adjustable at least via the above-mentioned position-based drive means and / or via at least one-sided abutment means which limit the abutment position in the direction of the nipple point and whose position is adjustable. Alternatively or additionally, the support mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' are designed to adjust and / or apply a line force in the first gap 104; 104', advantageously between the rollers 102; 102'; 102; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104', at least in the region of its width contributing to film formation, of, for example, at least 5.0 kN / cm, advantageously at least 7 kN / cm, preferably between 5 kN / cm and 30 kN / cm.

[0072] As mentioned above, for applying the metering roller 102; 102' to the second roller 103; 103', a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 may be provided which selectively allows position-based adjustment via a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' and force-based adjustment via a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111'.

[0073] All of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations may be applied to coating devices 100; 100', e.g., with individual application mechanisms 101; 101' with respective counter pressure rollers 106; 106', or with combined application mechanisms 101; 101' with interacting counter pressure rollers 103'; 103'. *Independently of the above implementation, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' is adjustable in the above sense based on position-based adjusting drives 109; 109', i.e., adjustable, for example, to a constant and / or defined gap width, and / or the laminating gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the counterpressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103' is adjustable in the above sense based on force-based adjusting drives 111; 111', i.e., adjustable, for example, to a constant and / or defined application force or line force. Without being limited to the above specific example, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' in question may in principle be adjustable by means of a corresponding adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or be supported on a corresponding adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above sense. This also applies to configurations in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' in question is supported in such a manner that it is both adjustable together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' that is not involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0074] Similarly, the coating apparatus 100; 100 may comprise individual application mechanisms 101; 101' with respective counter pressure rollers 106; 106, or may comprise combined application mechanisms 101; 101' with interacting counter pressure rollers 103'; 103. *Independently of the above implementation, in a particularly advantageous configuration in terms of optimal adjustability, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application mechanism 101; 101' and / or the laminating gap 107; 107' between the counter pressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103' cooperating with the second roller 103; 103' can be configured to be adjustable not only on a position or force basis, but also selectively on the basis of the associated adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example. and / or one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in said gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is selectively supportable in an associated adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 so as to be selectively position-based or force-based adjustably, and / or said gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is selectively adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width or to a constant and / or defined application or line force. Again, without being limited to the above specific embodiment, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' may in principle be adjustably supported in this way by a corresponding associated adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or may be appropriately supported in a corresponding associated adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above sense. This also applies to a configuration in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjustably supported together in this manner with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' that is not involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0075] In this case, the first rollers 102; 102' may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned second rollers 103; 103' via bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or via, for example, position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111'. Additionally or alternatively, the counter pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the second or further intermediate rollers 103; 103' via bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or via, for example, position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111'. Additionally or alternatively, the counter pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the second or further intermediate rollers 103; 103' via bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or via, for example, position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0076] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' can be pair-adjusted with the assigned second roller 102; 102' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common, e.g., position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based, adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the assigned counter-pressure roller 106; 106'. In addition, each first roller 102; 102' may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned second roller 103; 103' via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or, for example, via a position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0077] In all of the above configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the first roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103, 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' can be driven or are driven mechanically independently of one another in opposite directions and at different peripheral speeds during operation and / or by different drive motors, in particular at least speed closed-loop or open-loop controllable servo motors.

[0078] In this case, the first roller 102; 102' is operated at a lower speed, and the first roller 102; 102', in particular the metering roller 102; 102', and the assigned second roller 103; 103', in particular the laminating roller 103; 103', can be operated or are operated, for example, with a ratio of their peripheral speeds V103(103'):V102(102') of the first roller to the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103', which ranges from 1:5 to 3:5, in particular 1:4.

[0079] The rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' which form the second gap 107; 107' with each other are preferably drivable or driven mechanically independently of each other at the same peripheral speed during operation by a common drive motor, in particular a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors, in particular servo motors.

[0080] In an advantageous embodiment, the drive motors, which are mechanically independent of one another, can be operated by a drive control device via an electronic, in particular virtual, guide axis.

[0081] Particularly advantageous is an improved form in which the first roller 102; 102' has, in the area of ​​its circumferential surface contributing to film formation, a surface that repels the material more strongly and / or has a less strong adhesive effect on the powder mixture than the second roller 103; 103'.

[0082] At least the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can have a polished and / or chrome-coated or ceramic-coated surface, at least in the area of ​​its periphery that contributes to film formation, and the first roller 102; 102' can have a structured or material-repelling surface, at least in the area of ​​its periphery that contributes to film formation.

[0083] In all of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the first and / or second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' is heatable, in particular its circumferential surface is heatable to at least 80°C, advantageously at least 100°C, preferably at least 120°C at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0084] Alternatively or preferably in addition, the rollers 106; 106' which act only as counter pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103; 103 of the first group of embodiments can also be heated, in particular their circumferential surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously at least 100°C, preferably at least 120°C at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0085] The temperature regulation or heating can in principle be achieved electrically, and in a preferred embodiment here is achieved by passing a temperature regulation or heating fluid through the rollers 102; 102'; 103, 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature regulated. In this case, the temperature regulation fluid, for example water at a suitable temperature, is supplied to and discharged from the rollers 102; 102'; 103, 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature regulated via temperature regulation fluid lines and rotary feedthroughs of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106'.

[0086] In all of the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the two deposition mechanisms 101; 101', possibly together with one or more substrate guiding elements 121 arranged directly in front of, behind or between them, are supported on a common frame, for example on two front side walls of the same frame, thereby ensuring a compact and / or per se highly rigid and / or mutually defined arrangement of the deposition mechanisms 101; 101' in the modules 100; 100 * , e.g., laminated assembly 100;100 * Lamination unit 100 formed as * can be prepared in

[0087] For example, the calendering mechanism 600; 600 * If desired, the calendering mechanism 600 may be provided directly downstream of the substrate path; * rollers 601; 601'; 602; 602 * In an advantageous refinement, the same can be attached to this frame 603, or in an advantageous variant, for example, to separate modules 600;* , for example, a calendering module 600; * 101 ; 101 ′, may be supported on the side wall of a dedicated frame 603 located directly above and / or above the frame 128 supporting the application mechanism 101 ; 101 ′.

[0088] For example, in one advantageous configuration of the machine shown in FIG. 15, which may possibly have a more or less elongated structure, the modules 100; * ;600;600 * , in particular at least the laminated module 100;100 * and a calendering module 600;600 * The risk of vibration transmission between the laminated module 100;100 is reduced. * and the calendering module 600 are arranged horizontally adjacent to each other and preferably on dedicated, eg vibrationally isolated, frames 128; 603.

[0089] For all the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107' preferably forms, in operation, a gap width at its narrowest point of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, in particular at least 50 μm, and / or at least within the limits that define the maximum adjustment stroke, between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106', via the product continuum 002; 002' to be formed and / or at least one adjusting mechanism 112; 112' and / or at least one adjusting mechanism The drive device 109; 109' is configured to form the pressing or line force caused by the drive device 109; 109' and / or to adjust and / or apply a line force between the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107', at least in the region of its width contributing to film formation, of, for example, at least 5.0 kN / cm, advantageously at least 7 kN / cm, suitably 5 kN / cm to 30 kN / cm, and / or to make it possible to keep the desired line force constant by automatic or adjusted follow-up supply of at least one of the two rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' even when the dry film thickness varies.

[0090] In a particularly advantageous further refinement of all the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, a suction section 123; 123' is provided above each application mechanism 101; 101' or application mechanism 101; 101', by means of which any leaking gas or generated vapors can be sucked in.

[0091] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' of the above-mentioned application mechanism 101; 101' are preferably formed with a width usable for film formation and / or application in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, in particular in the range of 500 mm to 700 mm.

[0092] In principle, any arbitrarily formed device 700; 700' for supplying powdered material may be provided, by means of which the application mechanism 101; 101' can be supplied with the powder mixture 004 in the first gap 104; 104' formed between the first and second rollers, but particularly preferred are supply devices 700; 700' which can indirectly supply a defined and / or controllable flow of the powder mixture 004 uniformly over the entire discharge width, either directly into the gap 104; 104' or via an introduction aid 711, for example in the form of a hopper trough, provided above the roller nip 104; 104'. For this purpose, various advantageous configurations of the device 700; 700' for supplying powdered material are defined below in various respects, which can be considered alone or advantageously in combination with the application mechanism 101; 101' and / or coating device 100; 100' shown. * and / or machine arrangements may be considered in relation to the respective configurations or configurations. * The device 700; 700' for supplying powdered material, shown with respect to the configuration of the mechanical arrangement and / or the mechanical arrangement, can be understood here only generally and can be formed by one of the following configurations:

[0093] In a preferred configuration, the device 700; 700' for supplying powdered material has at least one discharge device 701 for controlling and / or defining the discharge amount, which is, for example, formed in the form of a metering device 701 or comprises at least a metering mechanism 704; 721. The discharge device 701 formed as a metering device 701 or comprising a metering mechanism 704; 721 can, in principle, be formed in any of a variety of ways so as to be able to discharge the material 004; 004' in a controlled flow in the manner described above. In a preferred configuration, the flow of powdered material 004; 004' can be discharged by the discharge device 701 onto a conveyor device 702 connected downstream, for example a linear conveyor 702 preferably formed as a conveyor belt 702. By means of this conveyor device 702, the powdered material 004; 004' can be moved, for example, in a conveying direction T P 104′; 104′′; and optionally a powder bed or layer can be conveyed downstream in the conveyor width extending perpendicular to the conveyor direction T. On the outlet side, the powder bed or layer can be conveyed directly or optionally indirectly, for example via one or more further conveyor devices, directly to the nip 104; 104′ or to the optionally provided introduction aid 711. P The conveyor device 702, in particular the rollers 705 around which the conveyor belt 702 is wound, e.g. deflection rollers 705, in particular drive rollers 705, are preferably variable in terms of conveying speed and can for example be driven by a speed-variable drive means 712, e.g. a drive motor 712, in particular a servo motor 712. To facilitate transport, the surface of the conveyor device 702 formed as a conveyor belt 702 can preferably be roughened and / or can be rotated in the transport direction T P Here, the feed width corresponds exactly or at least approximately, i.e., with a deviation of, for example, at most ±10%, to the pre-width of the injection and / or pre-load space 126, the width of which is defined on both sides and which receives the material 004;004′ in introduction aids optionally provided directly in or above the nip 104;104′.

[0094] For example, in a particularly advantageous configuration with regard to defined and / or uniform dosing of the powder supply device 700; 700' into the conveying section, the powder supply device 700; 700' comprises a metering device 701, 701' formed as a discharge device 701; 701', with a linear conveyor 704 as the metering mechanism 704, particularly with regard to the conveying speed, which is preferably formed in particular as an electromagnetically operated or operable vibrating conveyor 704, by means of which the powdered material 004, 004' can be discharged into a downstream subsequent conveyor device 702, for example a linear conveyor 702, in particular a downstream subsequent conveyor belt 702. In this case, the discharge or feeding onto the conveyor belt 702 does not take place only pointwise at narrowly defined locations, but continuously or section by section, at least in the operational state, via a discharge width which corresponds, for example, preferably exactly or at least approximately, to the feed width ultimately associated with the feeding into the nip 104; 104', i.e., with a deviation of, for example, at most ±10%. Preferably, for example, for adaptation or compensation purposes to different product formats, the discharge width for the discharge of the material 004; 004' by the metering device 701 or the feeding onto the conveyor belt 704 is preferably equal to or greater than the feed width in the conveying direction T. P 706, for example, manually or, advantageously, remotely controlled by a drive means. P 7. The conveyor device 702 has lateral delimiters 717, such as side guides 717, which are movable perpendicularly to the conveyor device 702. This prevents the downstream conveyor device 702 from having to make significant changes to the flow width, which could potentially have a disturbing effect on the height profile extending in the width direction.

[0095] In an advantageous refinement, for example for the reasons mentioned above, the conveyor width on the conveyor belt can also be adjusted in the width direction and / or the lateral position. For this purpose, for example, the conveyor width can be adjusted manually or remotely by means of a drive means, which can also be automated, in the conveying direction T PThere are provided lateral delimiting parts 716, for example side guides 716, which are movable orthogonally thereto, and these can change their lateral position via corresponding mechanisms, for example each threaded spindle or threaded spindle section. The discharge width corresponds, at least in the operating state, for example, preferably exactly or at least approximately, i.e., with a deviation of at most ±5%, for example, to the desired feed width associated with the final feed into the nip 104; 104'. The discharge width and the conveyor width can be adjustable with respect to the width mechanically independently of each other, mechanically interlocked, or control-technologically interlocked.

[0096] The discharge device 701 configured as or acting as a metering device 701, or at least one metering mechanism 704; 721 can preferably control, for the powder flow, in the relevant area, a specific, i.e., width-based discharge rate, with a flow that can be controlled with an accuracy of a deviation of at most 3%, in particular at most 2% from the target discharge amount, in particular in the discharge amount, and can discharge the powder mixture 004 into one or more conveyor devices 702, in particular conveyor belts 702, which follow downstream and can be operated at a constant and / or specifically controlled speed, in a finely adjustable manner.

[0097] 17, for example, with regard to a defined and / or uniform transport, in at least a first portion of the conveying section of the powder feeder 700; 700', a particularly advantageous configuration is provided in which the first or only metering mechanism 704 is a linear conveyor 704, preferably of the electromagnetic type, in particular configured as a vibrating conveyor 704, as described above, which extends over a discharge width that corresponds, for example, preferably exactly or at least approximately, to the desired feed width associated with the final feed into the nip 104; 104', i.e., with a deviation of, for example, at most ±5%, in terms of the width extending in the axial direction of the rollers 102, 103; 102'; 103'. The discharge width is preferably adjustable. Above the vibrating conveyor 704, a supply device 703, e.g., a supply line 703 or, as shown in FIG. 17, an outlet of a front container 703, extends sectionwise or continuously across the width of the outlet, and through which powdered material can be released into the linear conveyor 704. The supply device 703 configured as a front container 703 can be, for example, a container whose lower part merges into a hopper, e.g., a front hopper 703, and can be filled, for example, manually or via a piping system. It can advantageously be equipped with a fluidizing device, e.g., a device for blowing in a gaseous medium, in particular air. In the advantageous configuration shown, the metering mechanism 701 includes the vibrating conveyor 704 and the supply device 703, which holds at least a certain amount of material 004;004', and is here also referred to as, for example, a metering machine 701 with a vibrating drive, or simply as a metering shaker 701 for short. This can form, for example, an assembly and can be supplied as an assembly, which can be refilled, for example, manually or via a supply line from a front container.

[0098] The vibrating conveyor 704 comprises, for example, a vibrating table 706 and drive means 707 for driving it, in particular a vibrating or oscillating drive 707, in particular an electromagnetically excited, vibrating or oscillating drive 707 for driving it, the term vibrating or oscillating drive 707 being understood to be synonymous with a drive 707 for driving a vibrating or oscillating drive. In this case, the vibrating or oscillating drive 707 or a control for controlling this vibrating drive 707 is preferably able to vary the vibration frequency and / or the vibration amplitude and / or the vibrating table 706 is able to move in the conveying direction T P With respect to its inclination as viewed from the arrow 714, it is adjustable manually or by means of a drive means 715, for example an adjustment drive 715.

[0099] In addition to the metering mechanism 704 formed by the vibrating conveyor 704, a metering mechanism 721 may be provided, for example, which varies the discharge flow at the outlet and thus the supply flow to the conveyor device 702, in particular with respect to a clearly definable supply flow and / or for example for pre-metering purposes. Such a mechanism may be provided, for example, by an adjusting mechanism 721, only diagrammatically shown in FIG. 17, by means of assigned drive means 722, for example by means of one or more adjusting motors 722; 722.x, which, in combination with the metering mechanism 721 with respect to the supply level of the conveyor device 702, may vary, for example, the distance between the outlet and the upper surface of the linear conveyor 704, and / or, in combination with the metering mechanism 721 with respect to the discharge amount at the outlet, may vary, for example, the free flow cross-sectional area from or to the supply device 703.

[0100] As a metering mechanism 721 for the discharge flow at the outlet, a controllable adjusting mechanism 721 can be arranged at the outlet of the providing device 703 or upstream of said outlet, which changes the outlet cross-sectional area via one or more assigned drive means 722; 722.x, for example one or more adjusting motors 722. Such a mechanism can comprise, as an adjusting element 723 shown exemplarily and only symbolically in FIG. 17 , a flap 723 or slider 723 extending across the outlet width and actuated by a drive means 722, or a plurality of adjusting elements 723.x, for example flap or slider segments 723.x, arranged side by side across the outlet width and adjustable independently of one another by a plurality of drive means 722.x (see, for example, FIGS. 18 and 19 ). In the case of a plurality of adjusting elements 723.x adjustable by drive means 722.x, for example, the flow cross-sectional area or the discharge flow can be varied across the discharge width and / or individually corrected.

[0101] Additionally or alternatively, one or more assigned drive means 722; 722.x, e.g. one or more adjusting motors 722, may be provided as a metering mechanism for the supply level of the conveyor device 702, which, via a corresponding adjusting mechanism 723, e.g. a gearbox, can vary the distance between the outlet of the providing device 703 and the upper surface of the linear conveyor 704, in particular raising or lowering the providing device 703 or the part comprising the outlet.

[0102] In principle, regardless of the configuration of the discharge device 701 with the metering mechanism 704 configured as a vibrating conveyor 704 and the presence and / or configuration of the above-mentioned further metering mechanism 721, it is, however, preferable to use a metering mechanism 704 configured as a vibrating conveyor 704 and / or, for example, in combination with at least one above-mentioned further metering mechanism 721, in a particularly advantageous configuration of the powder feeder 700; 700' in terms of a homogenized material flow, for example, in the conveying direction T PAbove the linear conveyor 702 arranged downstream of the discharge device 701, between the point of material supply to the linear conveyor 702 and the discharge point to the roller gap 104; 104' or the optional introduction aid 711 or optional further conveyor device downstream, there is provided a removal device 708 which extends horizontally at least over the conveyor width and whose distance from the upper surface of the linear conveyor 704 is adjustable.

[0103] Such a remover 708 makes it possible to set or achieve a desired uniform layer height of the material 004;004' transported on the linear conveyor 702 or conveyor belt 702 across the conveyor width, provided that the lower surface of the remover 708 is parallel to the upper surface of the linear conveyor 704 over at least its effective length. If a thickness of material 004;004' corresponding to at least the distance between the remover 708 and the upper surface of the linear conveyor 704 is applied across the entire conveyor width upstream of the remover 708, a material flow of powdered material 004;004' with a uniform layer thickness defined by the position of the remover 708 is ensured downstream of the remover 708.

[0104] In a particularly advantageous configuration, the removal device 708 is preferably P 17, for example, by means of a drive means 719, for example an adjusting drive 719. In an advantageous refinement, the removal device 708 is configured as a removal doctor 708 that traverses perpendicular to the conveyor device 702, and which, during operation, for example, performs an oscillating or variable reciprocating movement. For this purpose, the removal doctor 708 is, for example, axially movably supported and is driven traversely or traversably by a drive means 709, for example a drive motor 709. This drive motor 709 can be configured as a linear motor directly or as a rotary motor that drives the removal doctor 708 via a traverse gearbox. In an advantageous refinement, the removal device 708 can be remotely adjusted at a location away from the conveyor device 702, for example via a signal connection S6, for example by means of a drive means 719, for example an adjusting drive 719, which is only shown diagrammatically in FIG. 17.

[0105] In an alternative configuration, the removal device 708 has a lower surface facing in the conveying direction T P In a refinement, this can also be traversable in the above-described manner via corresponding drive means and corresponding bearings.

[0106] In a particularly advantageous configuration of the powder feeding device 700; 700', which is for example applicable to all configurations, configuration forms and variants of the powder feeding device 700; 700' described herein, at least one sensor device is provided, preferably comprising a sensor 713; 714 which operates in a contactless manner, for example providing information about the vertical position of the powder layer surface and / or which is based on a contactless measurement principle, for example using sound waves or electromagnetic waves, and / or an open-loop and / or closed-loop control device 724 connected via signal connections S1; S3, in particular an adjusting logic or electronic adjusting circuit comprised by the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device 724, and drive means 712; 722; 707 assigned to the metering mechanism or conveyor device 702; 704; 721 for varying the discharge or conveying speed, together with the respective signal connections S2; S4; S5; S7 form closed-loop control circuits R11; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37.

[0107] In a particularly advantageous configuration of the powder feeding device 700; 700', which applies to all configurations, configuration forms and variants described herein, a sensor device, in particular a fill level sensor device, is provided as a sensor 713, or fill level sensor 713 for short, which provides information about the fill level in the nip 104; 104' or in the introduction aid 711, and which is directed towards the powder layer, in particular the powder layer surface, in particular from above into the spandrel 108 of the nip 104; 104' or into the introduction aid 711, as the case may be, provided above the nip 104; 104', thereby providing information corresponding to the fill height in the nip 104; 104 or in the introduction aid 711, at least at the observation position.

[0108] Advantageously provided closed-loop control circuits R11;R14;R15;R17 comprise the above-mentioned fill level sensor device as a sensor 713 for detecting information representative of the fill level of the powdered material 004;004' in the nip 104;104' or in the introduction aid 711. In such closed-loop control circuits R1;R1', for example, the sensor 713 providing information on the fill height in the nip 104;104' or in the introduction aid 711 is signal-technically connected to regulating logic or circuits comprised in the above-mentioned open-loop and / or closed-loop control device 724, which are in turn connected via signal connections S2;S4;S5;S7 to control means of one or more drive means 712;722;715;707 of the above-mentioned one or more conveyor devices and / or metering mechanisms 702;704;721 in order to vary the conveying speed and / or discharge or feed speed of the powdered material 004;004'.

[0109] In an advantageous configuration, particularly during phases of varying machine speed, such as start-up phases, a closed-loop control circuit R12 for the conveying speed of the conveyor device 702 is provided, in which the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device 724 or the appropriately arranged regulating logic or circuitry contained therein is signal-connected to form the closed-loop control circuit R12 for the conveying speed with the drive means 712 for driving the conveyor device 702, here for example the discharge device 701 for driving the conveyor belt 702. For this purpose, the conveying speed is adjusted by the associated drive means 712, for example as a function of the filling level, e.g. by increasing the conveying speed if the filling level falls below a defined lower limit and decreasing the conveying speed if the filling level exceeds a defined upper limit.

[0110] Alternatively or in addition to the level-dependent modification, a control may be incorporated which correlates the drive of the conveyor device 702 to the quantity V representing the machine speed by a stored relationship, so that the conveyor device 702 is operated, for example, faster when the machine speed increases and slower when the machine speed decreases. This control may incorporate the level-dependent adjustment described above as a basis.

[0111] Alternatively or in addition to the above-mentioned closed-loop control circuit R12 for the conveying speed and / or the machine speed-dependent control of the conveyor device 702, in an advantageous embodiment, a closed-loop control circuit R15; R14; R17 for the discharge device 701, in particular the discharge speed of the discharge device 701 onto the conveyor device 702, can be provided, in which control circuit the open-loop control and / or closed-loop control device 724 or a suitably arranged regulating logic or circuitry contained in this device regulates the discharge device 701 on the signal connections S4; S5; S7. 715 for measuring purposes, for example in a closed-loop control circuit R15 for the discharge device 701 it is connected to the drive means 722; 722.x of an adjusting mechanism 721 upstream of or assigned to the outlet, and / or in another closed-loop control circuit R14 for the discharge device 701 it is connected to the vibration drive 707, and / or in a further closed-loop control circuit R117 for the discharge device 701 it is connected to an adjusting drive 715 for table tilting. The above-mentioned closed-loop control circuits R15; R14; R17 for the discharge device 701 may be provided singly, two or all; in the case of several such closed-loop control circuits R15; R14; R17, preferably a cascade connection or prioritization of the individual control algorithms is provided.

[0112] For this purpose, the adjustment of the discharge device 701 based on the filling level sensor device, in particular the adjustment of the closed-loop control circuit R15;R14;R17 or multiple closed-loop control circuits R15;R14;R17 relating to the discharge speed of the discharge device 701 onto the conveyor device 702 by the associated drive means 722;722.x;707;715, is carried out, for example, depending on the filling level, e.g., increasing the discharge speed if the filling level falls below a defined lower limit, and decreasing the discharge speed if the filling level exceeds a defined upper limit.

[0113] Alternatively, or preferably in addition to, varying the discharge rate in dependence on the filling level, the metering by the metering device 701 may incorporate a control that is correlated with the quantity V representing the machine speed, so that the metering device 701 or one or more of the metering mechanisms 704; 721 that it comprises increases the discharge rate by the metering device 701 or one or more of the metering mechanisms that it comprises, for example, by appropriately controlling one or more of the above-mentioned drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715, when the machine speed increases, and decreases the discharge rate when the machine speed decreases. This control can be correlated with the above-mentioned machine-speed-dependent control of the conveyor device 702 and / or can be incorporated as the basis for the above-mentioned adjustment of the discharge device 701 in dependence on the filling level.

[0114] In a variant of the configuration with a removal device 708, the feed speed can also be preset by varying the distance of the removal device 708 by the assigned drive means 719, for example manually or remotely via signal connection S6, or possibly by a control circuit (R16) not explicitly shown here.

[0115] In principle, independently, but advantageously in conjunction with the above-mentioned fill level sensor device and / or the above-mentioned fill level-referenced closed-loop control circuit R12; R14; R15; R17 (R16), for example, in particular in configurations with a linear conveyor 702, there is provided, as an alternative or additional sensor device for providing information on the vertical position of the powder layer surface, a sensor device, shortly a layer level sensor device, for providing information on the vertical level of the powder layer surface on the conveyor device 702. This comprises a preferably contactless-operating sensor 714, e.g. a level sensor 714, for example as an optical or ultrasonic sensor, which is oriented from one side of the powder layer profile and which senses the powder layer at least in the conveying direction T, for example, as an optical or ultrasonic sensor, which provides information on the layer thickness or at least the level of the powder layer surface on the conveyor device 702. P 7. The conveyor apparatus 702 provides information about the vertical position of at least the highest ridge of the powder layer across the entire conveying width perpendicular to the conveyor apparatus 702, where the level of the powder layer surface represents the thickness of the resulting powder layer when the conveyor apparatus 702 is in an operationally stable vertical position.

[0116] In a simple case, the sensor 714 may simply monitor, for example, whether the highest ridge has exceeded or fallen below a certain level, and the result may be used, for example, for adjustment purposes. Monitoring whether a certain height has been exceeded or fallen below can be achieved, for example, by a single-beam light barrier or a linearly operating ultrasonic sensor. In more complex, but potentially more informative, configurations, the sensor device may also provide information about the current vertical position of the highest ridge across at least a certain extent of the conveyor width. In this case, for example, a sensor device extending vertically over a certain height, such as a light curtain or ultrasonic sensor with vertical resolution, may be used.

[0117] Independently of, but preferably in conjunction with, the level-based closed-loop control circuit(s) R12; R15; R14 or R17 and / or the rate-dependent control, in an advantageous configuration, a device is provided with the removal device 708, for example a closed-loop control circuit R35; R34; R37, which comprises the bed level sensor device as the bed level sensor 714. In such a closed-loop control circuit R35; R34; R37, this is signal-technically connected to regulating logic or circuits comprised in the open-loop control and / or closed-loop control device 724, which are in turn signal-technically connected to the control means of one or more drives 707; 722; 715 of the metering mechanism(s) 704; 721, thereby varying the discharge rate of the metering device 701. In this case, the adjustment of the metering device 701 or the metering mechanism 704; 721 it comprises in relation to the discharge rate by the associated drive device 707; 722; 715 is carried out, for example, depending on the level, i.e. depending on the information provided by the layer level sensor device, for example by at least one closed-loop control circuit R35; R34; R37 comprising the layer level sensor 714, so that the discharge rate discharged by the discharge device 701 or supplied to the conveyor device 702 is increased if the surface level falls below a defined lower limit or target value, for example by more than a tolerance, and decreased if the surface level exceeds a defined upper limit or target value, for example by more than a tolerance.

[0118] Therefore, instead of or in addition to the above-mentioned closed-loop control circuit R12 for the conveying speed and / or the machine-speed-dependent control of the conveyor device 702 and / or the discharge device 701, in particular the discharge speed from the discharge device 701 to the conveyor device 702, depending on the filling level, closed-loop control circuits R15; R14; R17 may be provided in an advantageous configuration, for the discharge device 701, in particular the discharge speed from the discharge device 701 to the conveyor device 702, depending on the layer level, closed-loop control circuits R35; R34; R37, in which the layer level sensor device is connected to the open-loop control and / or the closed-loop control device 724 or The device comprises an appropriately arranged regulating logic or regulating circuit in signal connection with one or more drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715 that the discharge device 701 comprises for metering purposes, for example in a closed-loop control circuit R35 for the discharge device 701 it is connected to the drive means 722; 722.x of the regulating mechanism 721 upstream of or assigned to the outlet, and / or in another closed-loop control circuit R34 for the discharge device 701 it is connected to the vibration drive 707, and / or in a further closed-loop control circuit R37 for the discharge device 701 it is connected to the adjusting drive 715 for table tilting. The above-mentioned closed-loop control circuits R35; R34; R37 for the discharge device 701 may be provided singly, two or all, and in the case of several such closed-loop control circuits R35; R34; R37 preferably a cascade or prioritization of the individual control algorithms is provided.

[0119] The powder feeding device 700; 700' comprises a metering device 701, in particular a metering device with a vibration drive 707, and a downstream conveyor device 702, in particular a linear conveyor 702, which is operated in the following advantageous manner:

[0120] In particular, the discharge device 701 formed as a metering device 701 is filled with the powdered material 004; 004' to be processed at the start of operation and during operation, as required, and the material is dispensed from the metering device 701 and discharged, in particular shaken, towards the conveyor device 702. In a particularly advantageous refinement using the above-mentioned removal device 708, slightly more material 004; 004' is discharged towards the conveyor device 702 than the amount actually removed, for example by a maximum of 10%, preferably by a maximum of 5%, which is then removed or retained to a predetermined, in particular adjustable, height in order to provide a uniform material layer thickness using a preferably traversing removal device. The discharge speed from the discharge device 701 to the conveyor device 702 can be controlled, for example via the above-mentioned closed-loop control circuit R35; R34; R37 which comprises a level sensor 14 in the conveyor device 702, so that the detected level always corresponds to at least a set distance to the conveyor device 702, advantageously even exceeding that distance.

[0121] The powdered material 004;004' conveyed by the conveyor device 702 and preferably carried out under the removal device 708 as in the above-described method is conveyed directly from the conveyor device 702 or, optionally, via a further conveyor device, to an introduction aid 711 provided at or above the gap 104;104'.

[0122] In an advantageous configuration, the conveyor device 702 and any further conveyor devices that follow it can be controlled in the manner described above by a fill level sensor 713 that monitors the fill level in the gap 004;004' or in the introduction aid 711 via the closed-loop control circuit R12 mentioned above.

[0123] In an advantageous refinement, in order to change the format of the products 001;002 to be produced, the discharge width of the discharge device 701 and / or the conveyor width of the conveyor device 702 are adjusted manually or preferably remotely via corresponding drive means.

[0124] For example, in order to vary the amount dispensed by the discharge device 701 or alternatively to vary the maximum material feed rate, in an advantageous configuration the distance of the removal device 708 to the conveyor device 702 can be varied.

[0125] In the case of the above-described configurations and configuration variants of the powder feeding device 700 (for example in connection with FIG. 17 ), and in particular configurations and configuration variants for the configuration of the discharging or metering device 701 which differ therefrom, for example as shown in connection with FIGS. 18 and 19 , it is in principle possible to measure the powder discharged from the powder feeding device 700 and between the roller nip 10 independently of the above-described sensor arrangements, sensors 713; 714, or closed-loop control circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37, but advantageously in connection with one or more of the above-described sensor arrangements, sensors 713; 714, or closed-loop control circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37. In the powder flow supplied to the powder supply device 700;700' or to the introduction aid 711 arranged thereon as the case may be, in particular in the drop section between the last conveyor device 702 of the powder supply device 700;700' and the roller nip 104;104' or to the introduction aid 711 as the case may be, there are provided at least one or preferably continuous or multiple point-wise or piecemeal arranged sensor devices 726;731, for example powder flow sensor devices 726;731 as sensors 728;733, for example, which are capable of providing information about the powder flow rate, in particular the quantity and / or uniformity. Such sensor devices 726; 731 or information obtained therefrom can in a first embodiment provide a quantity I;F, e.g. a measured quantity I;F, obtained by integrating, i.e. summing, the observed, e.g. total, or partly continuous or partly interrupted width of the powder flow, in particular the drop width, or in a second embodiment can provide a single, position-resolved value of such a quantity Ix;Fx, preferably in the width direction.

[0126] In a first configuration, the integral of the quantity I;F provides information about the powder flow in the observed area, which can be used as a measure of the total flow, as a first approximation if the total width is not yet determined, so that, for example, in closed-loop control circuits R82;R85 described below, the powder flow can be guided, for example kept constant, or open-loop or closed-loop controlled with respect to its throughput, for example, if there is an empirically determined relationship between the determined quantity I;F and the amount of throughput.

[0127] In an advantageous configuration of this first embodiment, there is provided a closed-loop control circuit R82;R85 comprising said integrated powder flow sensor device 726;731 comprising said sensor 728;733, which is connected via signal connection S8 to regulating logic or circuits comprised by said open-loop and / or closed-loop control device 724, which circuits are also connected via signal connections S2;S5;S7 to control means of one or more drive means 712;707;722;715 of said one or more conveyor devices or metering mechanisms 704;721 in order to vary the conveying speed of the conveyor device and / or the discharge speed of the metering device 701. Said regulating logic or circuit is, for example, in the closed-loop control circuit R82 for the conveying speed via the drive means 712 driving the conveyor device 702 and / or in the closed-loop control circuit R85 for the discharge device 701 via signal connections S2; S5 to the drive means 722; 722.x of the regulating mechanism 721 upstream of or assigned to the outlet. In the case of the variant with a discharge device having a vibrating conveyor 704 as described above, a regulating logic or circuit of the open-loop control and / or closed-loop control device 724, which is signal-technically connected to the sensors 728; 733 of the powder flow sensor devices 726; 731, can be connected to the vibrating drive 707 in a further control circuit (not shown) for the discharge device 701 and / or to the adjusting drive 715 for the table tilt in a further control circuit (not shown) for the discharge device 701. The above-mentioned closed-loop control circuits R82; R85 for the discharge device 701 and / or the conveyor device 702 may be provided singly, in multiples or all together, and in the case of multiple such closed-loop control circuits R82; R85, preferably cascading or prioritization of the individual control algorithms is provided.

[0128] In a second embodiment, by means of a plurality of point-like or section-wise arranged sensor devices 726; 731, it is possible to obtain for each section or measurement position, over the entire width, by means of individual, location-resolved values ​​of the above-mentioned quantities Ix;Px, respective information on the powder flow at this section or measurement position, which information is in each case a measure of the powder flow at this section or measurement position, so that, for example in the above-described closed-loop control circuits R82; R85, for example after calculation of a sum or average value, the overall powder flow can likewise be guided, for example kept constant, or the powder flow can be open-loop or closed-loop controlled in relation to its throughput, for example if there is an empirically determined relationship between the determined quantities I;F and the throughput. However, instead of or in addition to this integral evaluation and adjustment thereon, in each closed-loop control circuit R82; R85, for several or all sections or measurement locations, the powder flow, in particular the powder partial flow, can be open-loop or closed-loop controlled with respect to its throughput, at least relative to the powder partial flows in the other sections or other measurement locations, for example, if there is an empirically determined relationship, for example, between the determined quantity Ix; Fx and the throughput amount.

[0129] In an advantageous configuration of this second embodiment, several or all sections or measuring positions are provided with their own sensors 728.x; 733.x, which are in signal-technical connection in such closed-loop control circuits R82; R85 to the regulating logic or circuits comprised by the open-loop control and / or closed-loop control device 724, and which are in signal-technical connection to the control means of the several drive means 722.x of the metering mechanism 721 that is section-by-section or segment-by-segment adjustable in the width direction, thereby varying the discharge rate from the metering device 701 section-by-segment. In this case, the sections or measuring positions with their own sensors 728.x; 733.x correspond to the sections or segments of the section-by-segment adjustable metering mechanism 721, in particular the adjusting element segments 723.x, for example the above-mentioned adjusting element segments 723.x driven by the drive means 722.x, such as the flap segments or slider segments 723.x. The adjustment of the individual adjustment elements 723.x or adjustment element segments 723.x is carried out, for example, so that in all observed sections, the same powder flow size is detected by the sensor devices 726; 731. If necessary, the adjustment can also be carried out according to the desired shape, i.e., with different powder flows depending on the width of the observed section.

[0130] In an advantageous configuration (see for example Figures 18 and 19), the powder feeding device 700; 700' comprises a conveyor device 702, as already explained, for example in Figure 17, by means of which the powdered material 004, 004' is transported across the conveyor width and fed from there into the underlying nip 104; 104' or into any introduction aid 711. In this case, the feeding itself takes place in particular by the powder stream, after reaching the end of the last conveyor device 702, following a falling path into the nip 104; 104' or into the introduction aid 711.

[0131] In a particularly advantageous configuration of the powder feeding device 700; 700' in the configurations or variants described above or below, the above-mentioned powder flow sensor device 726; 731 is provided in the area of ​​the drop path between the only or last downstream conveyor device 701 of the powder feeding device 700; 700' and the roller nip 104; 104' or the optional introduction aid 711.

[0132] Such a powder flow sensor device 726; 731 is shown, for example, in connection with an advantageous configuration of a discharge device 701 according to Figures 18 and 19, in which case the same reference symbols as used in Figure 17 are used for functionally equivalent or identical parts. In contrast to the embodiment shown using Figure 17, the discharge device 701 shown here does not have a vibrating conveyor 704, but instead has a metering mechanism 721 for the discharge flow at the outlet of the supply device 703, which is only shown diagrammatically in Figure 17, for example, by means of which the free cross-sectional area in the direction of flow in or out of the supply device 703 can be varied. However, what is configured for the powder flow sensor device 726; 731 is also applicable to the above-described configuration with a vibrating conveyor 704 or to all other embodiments in which the powder flow is fed or can be fed from the conveyor device 702 via a drop section into the nip 104; 104' or into a guide aid 711, if applicable, arranged above it.

[0133] In connection with the above-described closed-loop control circuit R85 based on the integral of the quantity I;F and equipped with the powder flow sensor device 726; 731, the metering mechanism 721 may be formed with continuous or segmented adjusting elements 723; 723.x over the entire width, in the latter case the same adjustment of the adjusting elements 723.x occurs as in the control by a single integral of the quantity I;F. If, based on the information provided by the quantity I;F, it is determined that the powder flow is too low or that an undesirable decrease in the powder flow occurs, the continuous adjusting element 723 or adjusting element segment 723.x is further opened to allow a larger material passage, and vice versa. Also, given the above relationship, a specific throughput can be closed-loop controlled.

[0134] Alternatively or additionally, the speed of the conveyor mechanism can also be closed-loop controlled in closed-loop control circuit R82 by appropriately controlling drive means 712 based on the integral of quantity I;F.

[0135] In connection with the above-described closed-loop control circuit R85 for closed-loop control of individual sections based on the individual values ​​of the quantities Ix;Px, which includes the powder flow sensor devices 726; 731, the metering mechanism 721 includes an adjusting element 723.x formed by an adjusting element segment 723.x for each section. In this case, the adjusting element segment 723.x or its adjusting drive 722.x is set to the corresponding section or measurement position, for example, via each closed-loop control circuit R82; R85, according to a predetermined closed-loop control task based on the respective individual values ​​of the quantities Ix;Px. In this case, for example, closed-loop control can be performed to obtain a uniform shape across the entire width, or, if necessary, a predetermined shape with a different powder flow across the entire width. Furthermore, if the above-mentioned relationship exists, it is also possible to adjust to a shape with a uniform or variable throughput across the entire width. Each closed-loop control circuit R82; R85 can be provided with one or more further circuit elements 729, such as a latency element 729.

[0136] A first advantageous configuration of the powder flow sensor device 726 (see, for example, FIG. 18) is based on measurement using electromagnetic radiation, in particular light in the UV, IR or visible wavelength range, in particular light in the form of a light barrier 726. For this purpose, for example, a radiation source 727, for example a light source 727, is provided on one side of the falling path, and a sensor 728; 728.x, in particular a radiation receiver 728; 728.x, is provided on the other side. The radiation intensity I; Ix recorded by the sensor 728 is used here as the quantity I; Ix that provides information about the powder flow. If measurement and evaluation by integration in the above sense are carried out using only one value of the quantity I, a single radiation source 727, for example a directional light source 727, and / or a single radiation receiver 728, for example a photodiode 728 or phototransistor 728, may be provided. In a second case, which allows closed-loop control in individual segments based on individual values ​​of such quantity Ix, an extended radiation source or light source 727.x may be provided, e.g., a plurality of individual light sources 727.x or light bars 727.x in the form of a light curtain 726, and a plurality of radiation receivers 728.x, e.g., extended, in particular position-resolved radiation receivers 728.x or radiation receiver segments 728.x, e.g., a radiation receiver array 728.x, a photodiode array 728.x or a line camera 728.x. By measuring the radiation intensity I;Ix, the constancy of the mass flow can be checked, and, for example, if an empirically derived relationship exists, the very powder flow can be controlled in an open-loop or closed-loop manner, segmentally or integrally depending on the configuration, with respect to its throughput.

[0137] A second advantageous configuration of the powder flow sensor device 731 (see, for example, FIG. 19 ) is based on force measurement, in particular on measurement of the force acting on a sensor 733; 733.x formed as a force detector 733; 733.x due to impact by a falling powder particle. The value of the force F; Fx recorded by the sensor 733; 733.x is used here as the quantity F; Fx providing information about the powder flow. In the case of integral measurement and evaluation using the value of the quantity I in the above sense, a single force detector 733 can be provided, on which the powder flow acts for the entire width or a subsection representative of the width. In the second case of closed-loop control for individual sections based on the individual values ​​of such a quantity Fx, a plurality of individual force detectors 733.x, for example a piezoelectrically operated force detector array 733.x, can be provided.

[0138] The action on the force detectors 733; 733.x can in principle be realized in any way so that the impact of the material 004; 004' falling across the width or subsection of the powder stream is transmitted to the force detectors 733; 733.x. In this case, in an advantageous configuration shown here, for each section to be observed, i.e. across the entire width, for a representative subsection or for several individual subsections, an impact element 732; 732.x, for example an impact plate 732; 732.x, is provided, which is arranged in the falling path of the observed section and is operatively connected to the assigned force detector 733; 733.x. In this case, the impact plate 732; 732.x can be configured in the form of a deflecting metal sheet 732; 732.x, so that the impact can be transmitted but the material 004; 004' continues to flow towards the nip 104; 104' or towards the guide aid 711 arranged above it. The impact element 732; 732.x may be rotatably or elastically supported and / or supported against a force detector 733; 733.x, so that, for example, an increase in the load due to the powder flow results in an increase in the force F; Fx recorded by the force detector 733; 733.x. In this case, the measurement principle is based on an impact with a change in direction, and the resulting force F is based on the physical relationship F = m × a (force = mass × acceleration) and the change in direction during the impact. By measuring the force F, the constancy of the mass flow rate can be investigated, and if, for example, an empirically obtained relationship exists, the powder flow can be precisely controlled in an open-loop or closed-loop manner with respect to its throughput.

[0139] In a further advantageous configuration of the powder supply device 700; 700', for example with respect to a homogenized pre-positioner on the metering gap 104; 104' and / or in the injection and / or pre-positioning space 126, the powdered material 004, 004' can be provided, for example, via a discharge device 701 configured as a metering device 701, in particular a metering device 701 with a vibration drive 707, such as a metering shaker 701, and can be discharged or fed into the roller nip 104; 104' or into the injection and / or pre-positioning space 126 arranged above it, preferably directly at the downstream end of the metering shaker 701 or the shaking table comprising it, or possibly indirectly via one or more further downstream conveyor mechanisms 701. The discharge amount of the metering shaker 701 can preferably be closed-loop controlled via a level sensor device, for example in the manner described above, and / or the discharge or feed width can be adjusted to the desired format width.

[0140] In this configuration, a distributor 744 is provided at the top of the roller nip 104; 104', which allows, for example, the filling level of the injection and / or pre-space 126, which is preferably adjustable in terms of width and / or axial position, to be uniform across the axial width of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' (see, for example, Figures 20a and 20b). For this purpose, the distribution device 744 preferably comprises, for example, a cross beam 746 consisting of one or more parts, extending axially over at least the maximum internal width of the injection and / or pre-position space 126, and adjacent to or at the traverse 746, a distribution tool 747, for example a distribution finger 747 consisting of one or more parts, protrudes into the injection and / or pre-position space 126 and is capable of traversing back and forth, for example by means of an appropriately arranged drive device, or vibrates back and forth during operation, between an area on a first end face defining the injection and / or pre-position space 126 at or near the end, i.e., for example, at a distance of up to 10% of the width of the injection and / or pre-position space 126, and an area on the opposite second end face at or near the end. In this regard, the dispensing tool 747 may in principle be movable back and forth between end positions along any movement path, with at least one, in particular a main (i.e. larger than other directions) movement component in the width direction of the injection and / or pre-position space 126. More preferably, it may be movable back and forth along a movement path extending parallel to the gap 104; 104'.

[0141] In this case, the drive device may comprise as drive means 749, for example, an electric drive motor which can reversibly drive and de-drive, for example, a belt in a belt drive which entrains the dispensing tool 747, or a screw in a screw drive which conveys the dispensing tool 747. Alternatively, the drive means may comprise pneumatic drive means 749, for example a piston which can blow compressed air on both sides, which blows compressed air alternately on both sides and supports the dispensing tool 747.

[0142] The distribution fin 747 may be arbitrarily shaped so that at least a portion of it reaches the powder pre-placer and, by reciprocating, pushes out a portion of the powdered material 004 / 004' along its path of movement. In an advantageous configuration, the distribution fin 747 is shaped like a half-shell with a recess 748, e.g., a spoon- or groove-shaped profile, e.g., a vertically extending groove 748, on the side pointing in the direction of movement, at least in part of its height reaching the powder pre-placer. In this case, it is advantageous to refine the distribution fin 747 so that it is forced to rotate 180° at each turning point of its traverse movement, with the side with the recess pointing again in the direction of movement, in such a way that it is supported and / or driven in a positively guided manner. This prevents accumulation of powdered material 004 / 004' in the end regions. Alternatively, the distribution finger 747 may be provided with an inlet / outlet port, which allows, for example, excess material 004 / 004' to flow back during movement.

[0143] In an advantageous refinement, the filling height of the powdered material 004; 004' homogenized by the dispensing device 744 or the vibrating dispensing tool 747 can be adjustable or closed-loop controlled in the inlet and / or ante-chamber 126. For this purpose, at least one filling level sensor 713 already mentioned above is provided, which is directed, for example, at the location of the inlet and / or ante-chamber 126, towards the upper surface of the powder pre-positioner present in the inlet and / or ante-chamber 126. Preferably, a plurality of such filling level sensors 713, for example at least three, preferably at least five, in particular for example nine, directed towards the powder pre-positioner are provided, observing the entire width of the inlet and / or ante-chamber 126. Alternatively, a sensor device of a different design for detecting the supply and / or filling level can be provided. The filling level sensor 713 or one or more sensors of an alternative filling level sensor device are connected in the manner described above, for example via corresponding signal connections S1; S3; S2; S4 and the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device 724 described above, in particular via regulating logic or electronic regulating circuits that the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device 724 comprises, to drive means 722; 707 (712) assigned to the metering or conveying device 702; 704; 721 for varying the discharge or conveying speed, for example forming corresponding closed-loop control circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37, thereby making it possible to provide, for example, a desired and width-uniform filling height defined by a target value.

[0144] More preferably, the discharge width of the metering device 701 or the feed width into the nip 104; 104' or into the injection and / or pre-space 126 is variable, for example as already explained above with reference to Figure 17. Additionally or alternatively, in the above-mentioned manner, the width and / or stroke of the injection and / or pre-space 126, i.e. the width and / or position of the movement path of the dispensing tool 747 and / or its vertical position assumed during operation of its dispensing-effective part and / or its traversal frequency, may be adjustable.

[0145] The powder feeding device 700; 700' may preferably comprise a single metering device 701, from whose outlet the powdered material 104; 104' is discharged or fed into the roller nip 104; 104' or into the injection and / or pre-space 126. Such a metering device 701 may advantageously be formed in the configuration of a metering shaker, as is a component of the powder feeding device 700; 700' in Figure 17, 18 or 19. In a variant, according to the powder feeding device 700; 700' in Figure 17, at least one further conveyor device 702 may be provided, via which the powdered material 104; 004' is discharged or fed into the roller nip 104; 104' or into the injection and / or pre-space 126. In an advantageous configuration, the metering device 701 and / or the providing device 703 and / or the metering mechanism 704 and / or the optionally additionally provided conveyor device 702 can be applied, for example, as described in connection with the configuration from Figure 17.

[0146] Alternatively, the powder supply device 700; 700' comprises the above-mentioned conveyor device 702 in the form of a linear conveyor 702, as described, for example, in connection with Figure 18 or Figure 19, which receives the powdered material 004; 004' directly from the pre-solution, i.e., without the intervention of a metering shaker, and releases or supplies it into the roller gap 104; 104' or the injection and / or pre-space 126, possibly via a further conveyor device.

[0147] In an alternative configuration of the powder supply device 700; 700', which is advantageous, for example, in terms of uniforming the filling height in the pre-positioner and / or injection and / or pre-position space 126 above the metering gap 104; 104', the powdered material 004; 004' can be provided in, for example, a groove- or tank-like container 751 (for example, also referred to herein as a shaking tank 751) which can be vibrated via a drive device 707, for example, by a vibration or vibration drive device 707, and can be released or fed into the roller nip 104; 104' or the injection and / or pre-position space 126 located above it, preferably directly via one or more openings 752 in the bottom 753 of the container 751 (see, for example, Figure 21) or, if necessary, via a further conveyor device 702 arranged below, formed, for example, by a linear conveyor 702. The term vibration or shaking drive 707 is used here as a synonym for a drive 707 that can operate the shaking vessel 751 itself for that function. Unlike vibrationally driven simple hopper-like vessels, the vibration vessel 751 presented here is used to transport material 004;004 in a substantially horizontal direction between an inlet supply, for example from the pre-vessel 703, and a horizontally spaced outlet discharge, for example through an opening 752.

[0148] The container 751 or shaking tank 751 has, in particular, a peripheral wall. The filling level in the shaking tank 751 can be monitored, for example, by a filling level sensor 754, for example, over a continuous range or down to a minimum and / or maximum filling height, and can be adjusted to a specific level, for example, by two-point or three-point control, or can be controlled in a closed loop to maintain at least one tolerance range. This can be done, for example, by varying the amount of replenishment from the pre-container 703 described below. In particular, the filling level sensor 754 is arranged above the bottom 753. In principle, the powdered material 104, 104' can be discharged directly from the at least one bottom opening 752 into the inlet and / or pre-container space 126 in the spandrel 108 above the nip 104, 104'. Preferably, a feed channel 756 (also called a filler tube 756 or a filler chute 756) is connected to the opening 752, and extends downstream, preferably into the spandrel 108 or the fill and / or pre-fill space 126 formed above the nip 104 / 104', i.e., the triangular or wedge-shaped space 108 between the peripheral surfaces. The feed channel 756, filler tube 756, or filler chute 756 can have any cross-sectional and / or height-varying shape, but an advantageous configuration is a vertically extending, for example circular or rectangular, tube 756 with a constant cross-section, at least over the maximum filling height envisaged in operation. A fill level sensor 754 is preferably arranged above at least one or exactly one opening 752. This makes it possible to monitor and / or measure both the filling height reached in the container 751 and the filling height in the feed channel 756 when it is not completely filled.

[0149] In a particularly advantageous configuration, a sensor 751 is provided as filling level sensor 754, which preferably operates contactlessly, for example using a contactless measurement principle, for example sound waves or electromagnetic radiation, for example by detecting the powder surface in the observation area or observation position without contact, in particular by means of electromagnetic radiation or preferably sound waves, and the radiation or sound waves emitted from a radiation or sound source towards the surface and reflected therefrom are received by a radiation or sound receiver and converted into a corresponding signal representative of the filling height.

[0150] In an advantageous configuration (see e.g. Figure 21), the fill level sensor 754 is positioned above the opening 752 and / or at least is positioned so that it can monitor the fill level in or above the supply passage 756, i.e., in the event of backflow into the container, the fill level above the supply passage 756 can be monitored, and in the event that the supply passage 756 is not completely filled, the fill level in the supply passage 756 or in the fall path of the material 004, 004' can be monitored.

[0151] In another configuration not shown here, the fill level sensor 754 may be arranged on the curved surface 753 so that it provides information about the fill level of material 004;004' deposited or piled up in an area adjacent to the opening 752 and away from the opening 753, for example up to 20 mm, in particular in the area just before the opening 752 leading to the supply passage 756 at the bottom 753 of the vibrable container 751, as seen in the flow direction of the material 004;004'.

[0152] In an advantageous configuration, the filling level sensor 754 or a sensor device comprising the same can form a corresponding closed-loop control circuit or multiple, for example combined, in particular cascaded, closed-loop control circuits via respective signal connections with an open-loop and / or closed-loop control device, in particular with an adjustment logic or electronic adjustment circuit comprised by the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device, and with a drive means 707 capable of varying the conveying speed of the discharge device 701, for example a vibration drive 707, and / or with a drive means (not shown) capable of adjusting the vertical position of the outlet 757 from the upstream container 703.

[0153] In this case, the sensor device can have one or preferably several axially aligned level sensors 754, for example at least three, for example 3 to 9 level sensors 754, whose measurement results can optionally be converted according to predetermined rules into a common measurement value that serves as the basis for adjustment.

[0154] In one configuration, there may be an opening 752 extending across the feed width and / or an inlet piece 756 extending across the feed width. In an advantageous configuration, a plurality of, for example, circular or rectangular openings 752 and / or assigned feed passages 756 are provided next to each other when viewed in the direction of the nip 104; 104', for example as in the configurations described above.

[0155] The shaking tank 751 receives the powdered material 004, 004' from a front container 703, for example in the form of a front hopper 703, which is provided at its lower end with an outlet 757 having one or more openings. The outlet 757 is located higher than the bottom 753 so that the material 004, 004' can flow into the shaking tank 751, but preferably below the level of the maximum filling height determined by the walls of the shaking tank 751. The peripheral walls of the shaking tank 751 therefore have a correspondingly sufficient height, for example more than 10 mm, in particular more than 50 mm, so that the material 104, 104' can slide out of the front container 703 sufficiently and be stored in the shaking tank 751 at a sufficient filling height. Preferably, the outlet 757 is submerged in the powder layer stored in the shaking tank 751 during operation, i.e., is located at a level lower than the current filling height.

[0156] For example, the fill level in supply container 703 can be monitored by fill level sensor 759, e.g., over a continuous range or by two-point or three-point control to a minimum and / or maximum fill level, so that, for example, the fill height and thus the pressure acting on outlet 757 can be maintained within a desired range.

[0157] The front container 703 or its outlet 757 is preferably spaced horizontally from the opening 752 or openings 752, thereby ensuring a lateral flow within the material 004;004' pre-stored in the container 751. Preferably, the front container 703 or its outlet 757 is spaced horizontally and perpendicularly to the shape of the nip 104;104' from the opening 752 or openings 752, thereby forming a horizontal transport section in which the material 004;004' sliding out of the front container 703 can be homogenized by shaking at the filling level. In a refinement, the shaking tank 751 may only be provided with guides 758, e.g., longitudinal boards 758, shown in dashed lines, which extend in one direction from the outlet 757 towards the opening 752 or openings 752. This may be used, for example, to avoid or reduce the mutual influence of possibly different mass flows due to multiple openings 752 or sections of a continuous opening 752 .

[0158] In order to influence the filling level in the shaking tank 751, for example, a drive mechanism not shown is provided, whereby the distance of the pre-container 703 or the outlet 757 provided in the pre-container 703 from the bottom 753 of the shaking tank 751 can be changed.

[0159] When the shaking tank 751 or the vibration or vibration drive 707 is in operation, the shaking tank 751 or container 751 is filled downstream via one or more openings 752 into one or more filler nozzles 756, which in turn fills the pouring and / or pre-emptive space 126 formed in the nip 104, 104' or spandrel 108. When the filling level in the nip 104, 104' reaches the level of the outlet opening(s) of the filler nozzle 756, a backflow occurs in the feed channel 756, e.g., due to flow restrictions and / or friction in the material layer, so that the pouring and / or pre-emptive space 126 formed in the nip 104, 104' or spandrel 108 is not overfilled. The container 751 or shaking tank 751 is also blocked, e.g., due to flow restrictions and / or friction in the material layer, until no more refilling from the pre-emptive space 703 occurs, even if the shaking tank 751 is continued to be operated. When the filling level of the nip 104; 104' or the injection and / or pre-filling space 126 decreases due to consumption of material, the powdered material 004; 004' slides down in a trailing manner. This also occurs if the consumption of material varies across the width, in which case the level is equalized by sliding down in a trailing manner in consecutive injection tube pieces 756, or if there are several injection tube pieces 756 across the width, the consumed powdered material 004; 004' slides down individually in a trailing manner.

[0160] In a further alternative advantageous configuration of the powder feeding apparatus 700; 700′ (see, for example, FIGS. 22 and 23 ), the powdered material 004; 004′ can be supplied to the injection and / or pre-space 126 formed in the nip 104; 104′ or spandrel 108 by a group of a plurality of adjacently arranged feeding passages 756 (e.g., also called injection tube pieces 756 or injection chutes) that are, for example, separate from one another, when viewed section by section in a direction parallel to the nip 104; 104′. This allows the filling height, and therefore also the pressure, in the individual feeding passages 756 to be adjustable to some extent independently of one another and / or independently of the material consumption in the other sections, and in particular to be controlled in an open or closed loop manner to the same height. The feed channels 756 or injection pipe pieces 756 or injection shafts 756 may in principle have any cross-section and / or height, for example a funnel-like cross-section, or may be formed by shafts divided into individual feed channels 756 by suitable intermediate walls. However, in an advantageous configuration, they are formed by pipes 756 that extend in the vertical direction, for example circular or rectangular, and in particular have a constant cross-section at least over the maximum filling height envisaged in operation. In this case, the feed channels 756 receive the powdered material 004; 004' directly or indirectly from the supply device 703. Preferably, the downwardly opening outlets of such feed channels 756 or feed channels 756 are arranged next to each other over the entire width, which approximately corresponds to the current effective width of the injection and / or pre-fill space 126 formed in the spandrel 108, for example, within a maximum deviation of ±5%, i.e., with a maximum deviation of ±5%. In a particularly advantageous configuration, the supply passage 756 is assigned a sensor device with at least one sensor 761, so that the respective filling level in the supply passage 756 can be monitored, for example, against at least one lower limit value and / or upper limit value, or can be detected, for example, in the region of at least one filling height.The observed filling level here particularly relates to the material column formed or deposited at the downstream outlet of the feed channel 756 in question, i.e., in the channel section 756.1 possibly following an adjusting member provided in the feed channel 756. The results of the monitoring or detection can preferably be supplied via a wired or wireless signal connection to an open-loop and / or closed-loop control device, e.g., an electronic open-loop and / or closed-loop control circuit or an open-loop and / or closed-loop routine implemented in a data processing device, which in turn influences one or more adjusting members used to vary the filling height, for example. In this case, the sensor device can in principle be based on any operating principle that fulfills the above-mentioned minimum requirements and can, for example, comprise a sensor 761 that operates optically, evaluates a magnetic or electric field, or detects mechanical forces.

[0161] In an advantageous configuration, the supply channels 756 are made transparent or at least translucent, for example transparent, at least on the side, preferably facing perpendicularly to the shape of the nip 104; 104', for electromagnetic waves in a specific wavelength range, for example in the range within the visible wavelength spectrum, so that the filling level can be monitored or detected in the above sense through the wall or at least through a transparently or translucently configured section of the supply channels 756 by a sensor 761 operating and / or sensitive in this wavelength range. In this case, optical sensors 761 corresponding to the number of supply channels 756 or a sensor 761 commonly assigned to the supply channels 756 may be provided, and this sensor 761 may be preferably configured as a camera 761, in particular a line camera 761. If the wavelength range in question is not included with sufficient intensity in the spectrum present due to the ambient lighting, a separate light source corresponding to this wavelength range may be provided for use in reflected light or, if appropriate, in transmitted light.

[0162] Preferably, the sensor 761 is formed as a camera 761 operating in the visible wavelength spectrum, in which case the supply passage 756, at least on the side observed by the camera 761 and at least in the section observed by the camera 761, or as a whole, is formed from a transparent or at least translucent material, in particular glass, plexiglass, or a transparent or at least translucent plastic.

[0163] In a first advantageous configuration of such a powder supply device 700; 700', in a configuration in which the injection and / or pre-space 126 is supplied in sections, for example, a supply line 756 is provided adjacent to at least one supply device 703, directly or at an interval, through which the powdered material 004; 004' can be filled at the inlet side or from above (see, for example, Figure 22).

[0164] For example, in a cost-effective configuration, several or all adjacent supply passages 756 are connected by conduit to the same supply device 703, which allows powdered material 004; 004' to be filled simultaneously at the inlet side or from the top.

[0165] Supply of material to the supply channels 756 by individual conveyor belts, shakers or similar devices can be omitted in preferred cases here, in which case a supply device 703 commonly assigned to one or more supply channels 756 to be supplied is provided, for example at a level above the inlets of the supply channels 756, or the powdered material 004; 004' can be delivered or flows into the supply channels 756 in question from this supply device, in particular by the action of gravity alone.

[0166] The outlet of the feed channel 756 on the outlet side preferably extends into the spandrel 108 formed above the nip 104; 104' or into the injection and / or pre-space 126. As the providing device 703, a pre-container 703 can be provided, for example in the form of a pre-hopper 703, which is conduit-connected in its lower region with the feed channel 756 via one or more corresponding openings and is arranged to allow the powdered material 004; 004' to pass through.

[0167] For example, in case of possible variations in material consumption across the entire width, i.e. across the entire group of supply channels 756, or for other reasons, in order to be able to fill the supply channels 756 individually and independently of one another, an adjusting element 762, such as a valve 762, in particular a ball or flat spool valve 762, is provided for each supply channel 756, by means of which the input of powdered material 004; 004' into the supply channel 756 on the input side or the flow of powdered material 004; 004' into each downstream channel section 756.1 within the supply channel 756 can be varied via an adjusting drive 763, i.e., for example, selectively opened or closed, or, in an advantageous refinement, the opening or flow rate can be adjusted, if appropriate, beyond the adjustment range. The filling height of the individual supply channels 756, in particular of each channel section 756.1 downstream of the adjusting element 762, can be adjusted individually by the adjusting element 762, and in combination with a sensor device for monitoring and / or detecting the filling height, can be individually controlled in an open-loop and / or closed-loop manner by an open-loop and / or closed-loop control device. For example, the adjusting element 762, for example configured as a valve 762, can be adjusted or controlled in its opening / closing function in a closed-loop control circuit, for example based on a two- or three-point controller, in combination with a suitably arranged sensor device, i.e., one or more of the above-mentioned sensors 761, in particular in combination with a sensor 761 configured as a camera 761. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, valves 762 whose opening or flow rate can be varied, for example squeeze valves 762 each with an adjusting drive 763 formed in particular as a proportional drive 763, are provided as adjusting members or adjusting elements 762, which, in combination with a sensor 761 for detecting the filling level, for example a camera 761, achieve closed-loop controlled supply and thus a constant filling height in each supply channel 756.

[0168] The supply channel 756 may consist of several sections and may be interrupted, for example, by the adjusting element 762. Furthermore, the channel section 756.1 of the channel 756 below the adjusting element 762 may be made of a rigid material, for example plastic, glass or Plexiglas, while the channel section 756.2 above or upstream of the adjusting element 762 may be flexible and may be made, for example, in the form of a hose pipe. Downstream of the adjusting element 762, the supply channel 756 may be provided with a lateral opening 764, for example at the end of an at least slightly upward branch, for ventilating and / or exhausting the channel interior. Instead of the adjusting element 762 being in the drop path of the channel 756, the latter may also be provided on the inlet side of the channel 756.

[0169] In a further advantageous configuration of such a powder supply device 700; 700' (see, for example, Figure 23), in a configuration in which the powder is supplied in sections to the injection and / or pre-positioning space 126, the powdered material 004; 004' can be supplied individually from at least one supply device 703 to at least several supply passages 756 arranged adjacent to each other, for example directly or optionally at intervals, either sequentially via the same conveyor device 702 or via several conveyor devices 702 which can each be operated separately and independently of each other. In this case, the conveyor device 702 which sequentially supplies the different supply paths 756 may be a conveyor device 702 whose outlet end or outlet is movable along the group of supply paths 756, for example a conveyor belt 702 or a screw conveyor or a linear conveyor system 702, in particular a conveyor belt system 702 with several connected linear conveyors 702.1; 702.2, for example a configuration of several, or in particular two, conveyor belts 702.1; 702.2, a vibrating conveyor or a screw conveyor. An example is described in the subsequent embodiment with a laterally moving conveyor belt 702, or in particular a conveyor belt system 702, for example in connection with Fig. 24. In a configuration using separate conveyor devices 702, the supply passages 756 may each be assigned a linear conveyor 702; 704, which may be configured, for example, as a conveyor 702, as a vibrating conveyor 704 or as a screw conveyor.

[0170] The outlet of the outlet side of the feed passage 756, in operation, again dips into the spandrel 108 or the injection and / or pre-load space 126 formed above the nip 104; 104'.

[0171] Each feed passage 756, for example as an injection tube piece 756 or injection shaft 756, can also have in this configuration essentially any cross-sectional and / or cross-sectional shape that varies in height. In the advantageous configuration shown here, the feed passages 756 are formed, for example, by individual rectangular tubes 756 or rectangular injection shafts 756, for example formed by rectangular sections of the shaft 766 divided by separating walls 767. The upper part of the feed shaft 766 can be provided with a hopper-like extension that facilitates the reliable feeding of the powdered material 004; 004'.

[0172] As already mentioned above for the section-by-section supply in the above configuration, in a preferred embodiment, a sensor device is provided in one of the supply channels 756, in particular on the same side and / or on the side transverse to the row of the supply channels 756, with at least one sensor 761 operating and / or sensitive in an electromagnetic wavelength range, which sensor is oriented so as to measure the fill level laterally in at least one section of one or more supply channels 756, the supply channels 756 being made transparent or at least translucent, at least in the section observed by the sensor 761, at least in the wavelength range associated with the sensor 761, i.e., the sensitivity or operating wavelength range. In this case, a number of sensors 761 operating in this wavelength range, or preferably cameras 761, in particular configured as line cameras 761, commonly assigned to one or more supply channels 756, may be provided.

[0173] If the roller nip 104; 104' or the injection and / or pre-space 126 is filled up to the bottom of the tube, for example at the start of production, the powdered material 004; 004' will not flow out completely, for example due to flow restrictions and / or friction, and will therefore pile up high in the respective feed passage 756. A sensor monitors and / or detects the fill level in the feed passage 756 in the manner described above.

[0174] Instead of open-loop or closed-loop control of the filling level via assigned regulating elements 762, open-loop or closed-loop control of the filling level is now performed by appropriate control of the material supply to the individual feed passages 756, in particular the cross drive and / or the conveying speed of the common conveyor device 702, or by the conveying speed of each individual conveyor device 702. Thus, in a first variant, the sensor device, i.e. the sensor 761, in particular the sensor 761 formed as a camera 761, together with the drive means for traversing, i.e. for effecting the movement of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' or the injection and / or ante-space 126 in the width direction (for example, as indicated by the double arrow in FIG. 23) and / or the drive means for determining the conveying speed of the common conveyor device 702, form, via an open-loop and / or closed-loop control device or an electronic open-loop and / or closed-loop control circuitry or an open-loop and / or closed-loop routine implemented in a data processing device, a closed-loop control circuit for maintaining the filling level in the feed passages 756 within a minimum height, a target height or a tolerance range. For this purpose, for example, the outlet of the common conveyor device 702 is constantly traversed back and forth across the entire width of all feed passages 756 in the working width, and, if necessary, material is discharged by appropriately controlling the drive means for the conveying speed when passing over a feed passage 756 that is deficient, i.e. whose filling level is below a limit value. Alternatively, the conveyor device 702 can be moved onto the missing feed path 756 by intentionally controlling the drive means at its outlet that provides traverse or lateral movement, and material discharge can be achieved by appropriately controlling the drive means with respect to the conveying speed.

[0175] In a further advantageous configuration of the powder feeding device 700; 700', in which the powdered material 004; 004' can be fed into the injection and / or pre-load space 126 formed in the region of the spandrel 108 above the gap 104; 104' between the first rollers 102; 104', the powdered material 004; 004' can be fed into the injection and / or pre-load space 126 from the discharge device 701 via the outlet or downstream end of the conveyor device 702.

[0176] However, the outlet or downstream end of the conveyor device 702 extends over only a portion of the width of the injection and / or pre-load space 126 to be supplied, for example a width corresponding to less than a quarter (see, for example, FIG. 24). However, in order to still be able to supply the powdered material 004; 004' across the entire width of the injection and / or pre-load space 126, the conveyor device 702, which is arranged immediately before the injection and / or pre-load space 126 and which, at least in the region of its downstream end or outlet, has only a partial width compared to the width of the injection and / or pre-load space 126, is at least at its outlet end or outlet traversable in both directions across the width or partial width of the injection and / or pre-load space 126, which is also referred to herein as "traversable". Although the widthwise movement of the injection and / or pre-load space 126 may be defined along an arched, other curved, or straight line inclined relative to the shape of the gap 104; 104', the end or outlet of the partial width conveyor device 702 may be movable along a direction parallel to the shape of the roller nip 104; 104', preferably horizontally, and / or approximately relative to the currently set or existing overall width of the injection and / or pre-load space 126, i.e., with a maximum deviation of, for example, ±5% per side.

[0177] The conveyor device 702 is supplied with powdered material 004, 004' from or through a metering device 701; 701' that controls the amount of material discharged, for example an outlet cooperating with a vibratory drive, an open-loop controllable conveyor screw, or an open-loop controllable discharge valve.

[0178] In a particularly advantageous configuration, the powder supply device 700; 700' comprises a metering shaker 701; 701' as the metering device 701; 701', which supplies the powder mixture 004 in a constant and / or controllable flow, in particular with an accuracy of deviation in the discharge amount of up to 3%, in particular up to 2%, from the target discharge amount, to a conveyor device 702, 702.1, 702.2, which can be operated at a particularly defined and / or settable, in particular variable, speed. Preferably, the conveyor devices 702, 702.1, 702.2 are conveyor belt systems 702 formed by at least one first linear conveyor 702.1, in particular a conveyor belt 702.1, and at least one further or second linear conveyor 702.2, assigned downstream in the same conveyor section and e.g. longer than the first linear conveyor 702.1, in particular a linear conveyor 702.2 capable of discharging material 004; 004' incoming from the first linear conveyor 702.1 or the conveyor belt 702.1. The linear conveyor 702 or linear conveyor system 702.1, 702.2 and / or at least its downstream end can be traversed, i.e. moved back and forth on both sides, over the feed width associated with the powder feed above the injection and / or pre-load space 126, in particular axially parallel to the shape of the roller gap 104; 104', preferably by a drive, in particular a linear drive, while keeping the overall length of the conveyor section constant.

[0179] In this case, the conveyor device 702 is preferably configured as a linear conveyor system 702.1, 702.2, in particular a conveyor belt system 702.1, 702.2, comprising a plurality, for example two, of connected linear conveyors 702.1; 702.2, in particular conveyor belts 702.1; 702.2, operable in particular at a constant and / or settable speed, which are connected at their downstream ends to drives, for example traverse drives, in particular linear drives 768, 769, 771, extending preferably in an axial direction at a height above the first gap 104; 104', so that they can be moved back and forth, in particular in an axial direction at a defined and / or settable, in particular variable, speed between two lateral end positions above the first gap 104; 104' that determine the feed width. The linear drives 768, 769, 771 comprise, for example, a linear guide on which the driven carriage 768 runs, a transversely extending driven belt connected at its downstream end, or in particular a threaded spindle 769 supporting a carriage 768, e.g. a spindle carriage 768, connected to an end region of the linear conveyor 702; 702.1; 702.2. The drive means 771 for driving the threaded spindle 769 or the belt is configured, for example, as a motor 771, in particular as a servomotor 771, which can, for example, be operated alternately in clockwise and counterclockwise rotation.

[0180] In a preferred configuration of the linear conveyor systems 702.1, 702.2, in particular conveyor belt systems 702.1, 702.2, with a plurality of, for example two, connected linear conveyors 702.1, 702.2, in particular conveyor belts 702.1, 702.2, these can in principle be connected and driven by a common drive means 712. However, in an advantageous configuration, each linear conveyor 702.1, 702.2 or each conveyor belt 702.1, 702.2 of the linear conveyor systems 702.1, 702.2 is provided with its own drive means 712.1, 712.2, for example a respective drive motor 712.1, 712.2, in particular a servo motor 712.1, 712.2.

[0181] Further upstream, for example, the downstream end of the first linear conveyor 702.1, in particular conveyor belt 702.1, linear conveyor system 702.1, 702.2, in particular conveyor system 702.1, 702.2, is hinged to the upstream end of the second or last linear conveyor 702.2, in particular conveyor belt 702.2, connected downstream, via a coupling 772, for example, an axis 722, so that they can rotate relative to each other about a common rotation axis, for example, extending vertically. Axis 722 or coupling 722 is supported, for example, by a support 773, for example, a holder 773 that is fixed to the frame but can rotate about a rotation axis extending parallel to axis 722.

[0182] In the downstream end region or carriage 768 of the linear conveyor 702 or linear conveyor systems 702.1, 702.2, a sensor 713, for example a fill level sensor 713, is provided or arranged, preferably in the form of an ultrasonic sensor 713, so that it is entrained with the moving end or carriage 768 and oriented for detecting or monitoring from above the fill height of the powdered material 004 present in the dosing and / or pre-load space 126. Alternatively, a sensor device may be provided, for example with at least one sensor 761 in the form of the above-described lateral sensor 761, by means of which the fill level can be measured continuously or at regular intervals across the entire width of the dosing and / or pre-load space 126. The position-resolved results can then be fed to the open-loop control and / or closed-loop control circuits described below to form a closed-loop control circuit.

[0183] Here, open-loop or closed-loop control of the filling level is carried out, for example, by material supply at low filling heights, similar to the section-by-section supply described above, in particular by suitable control of the conveying speed of the traverse drive and / or the partial width conveyor devices 702, 702.1, 702.2. In this way, in a first variant, said sensors 713; 761, together with an open-loop and / or closed-loop control device or an electronic open-loop and / or closed-loop control circuit provided in said device or an open-loop and / or closed-loop routine implemented in a data processing device, can form a closed-loop control circuit together with the traversing, i.e. conveying speed of the drive means 771 and / or partial-width conveyor devices 702, 702.1; 702.2 which bring about a movement towards the width direction of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' or the injection and / or pre-deposition space 126, so as to maintain the filling level in the injection and / or pre-deposition space 126 above a minimum height or at a target height or within a tolerance range, in the entire width direction being monitored. For this purpose, for example, the downstream end or outlet of the partial width conveyor device 702 is constantly traversed back and forth across the monitored width and, if necessary, material is discharged by appropriately controlling the conveying speed drive means 712; 712.1; 712.2 when passing over an area where there is a shortage, i.e. where the fill level is below a threshold value. In variants with side sensors, a corresponding closed-loop control circuit can alternatively move the end or outlet beyond the section identified as being short, in order to intentionally supply material 004, 004' to this area via the partial width conveyor device 702, 702.1, 702.2.

[0184] The powder feeding device 700; 700' in the above configurations is in each case a coating device 100; 100 in all the above configurations. *In the case of a double-sided simultaneous deposition configuration or a deposition mechanism 101; 101' offset relative to the substrate path, the other deposition mechanisms 101'; 101 are preferably also provided with the above-mentioned powder supply device 700; 700'.

[0185] The above configuration of the powder supplying apparatus 700;700 can also be applied to supply to the application mechanism 101';101, in which case in addition to the first and second rollers 102;102;103;103', a further third roller is further provided downstream of the second roller 103;103', and the second roller 103;103' is provided with a gap for transporting the dry film, through which the second roller 103;103' receives the previously formed dry film 003;003', and in the further gap, a further roller 103';106 is used to transfer the dry film 003;003' to a carrier substrate 006 passing through this further roller or further gap. In the latter case, the further gap forms a lamination gap 107; 107', which is formed on its opposite side by a roller 103'; 106 which functions as a counter-pressure roller 103'; 106.

[0186] In principle, independently, however, particularly advantageously, the coating device 100; * Any of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations of the powder feeding device 700; * In connection with any of the above configurations or variations thereof, and / or any of the machine installations and / or arrangements described in detail below, a measurement assembly 801 or device is provided for measuring the density ρ of the material layer 003;003 conveyed around the roller 103;103' of the application mechanism 101;101', as exemplarily shown in Figure 25. * and / or the powder feeder 700 described above; * In connection with this, it is necessary to conceptually add such a measurement assembly 801.

[0187] The measuring assembly 801 or device comprises one or more of the above-mentioned removal devices 114; 114'; 116; 116', which can be applied or are applied to the peripheral surface of the roller 103; 103' at a point along its periphery, for example over at least a portion of the available working width of the roller peripheral surface of the roller 103; 103', during rotation, in order to remove at least a portion of the material layer 003; 003'. The removal of at least that portion of the material layer 003; 003' relevant to the determination of the density ρ is carried out by the removal device 114; 114'; 116; 116' during the rotation of the roller 103; 103' over an angular range Δφ, for example also over an angular interval Δφ between the first and second angular positions φ1; φ2, in which case, if the number of rotations is more than one, the second angular position φ2 is calculated as a value greater than 360° depending on the rotation angle difference. The portion of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density ρ can result from removal over one revolution, more than one revolution or part of one revolution. In the following, reference to an angular area Δφ or said angular interval Δφ relevant to removal has the same meaning, and where reference to an angular position φ or angular area Δφ is not mandatory or where direct reference to a time t is explicitly excluded, it is understood to also mean the time interval Δt between a first point in time at which removal begins, for example at a first angular position φ1, and a second point in time at which removal ends, for example at a second angular position φ2.

[0188] In principle, the material layer 003;003' can be or may be removed for sampling over its entire width, over a specific length or over a specific angular region Δφ, for example by the above-mentioned removal device 114;114', which extends over the width of the roller circumference effective for film formation. This is particularly true, for example, in the case of application devices 101;101', which apply the material layer 003;003' interrupted by free sections to the carrier substrate 006.

[0189] However, for example, in the advantageous configuration described above, in which a continuous material layer 003; 003' is applied to the carrier substrate 006 by rotating the laminating roller 103; 103' many or several times, a removal device 116; 116' is provided at a point of the periphery of the roller 103; 103' that can be applied to the periphery over only a portion of the available working width in order to remove only portions 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003', in particular material strips 008; 008', formed by edge strips 008; 008' in the edge regions, i.e., in the regions located at the ends of the material layer 003; 003' in the axial direction. In this case, the material strips 008 are cut along cutting lines s extending in the circumferential direction and removed from the periphery. The edge strips 008; 008' may be the ones used for the edge cutting described above to obtain straight edges.

[0190] The measuring assembly 801 or device further comprises a weighing device 802 by means of which the removed, specifically defined and / or identifiable portion 008;008' can be or is collected from the material layer 003;003' previously conveyed on the rollers 103;103'. For this purpose, the removed portion of the material layer 003;003' used for measuring the density ρ is, for example, collected in a weighing container 803, for example a weighing shell, placed on a weighing machine 809, on which its mass m is measured. In this case, for example, a latency can be taken into account for the portion removed from the material layer 003;003' and the portion used for measuring the density ρ, taking into account the travel time from the peeling position to the weighing device 802.

[0191] In this case, in principle, the coating device 100; *It is conceivable that during operation, the edge strip 008; 008' is continuously removed and collected in a weighing container 803 or a weighing container 803 with corresponding dimensions, in which case the mass m of the removed portion 008; 008' in the angular region Δφ relevant for determining the density ρ is determined by calculating the difference between the mass m recorded by the weighing device 802 between the end time t2 and the start time t1 of the measurement process.

[0192] Advantageously, for example, the configuration illustrated in FIG. 25, for example, the coating device 100; * In an arrangement in which the edge strip 008;008' may also be continuously removed or can be removed during operation and optionally received by the collection device 117;117' and thereby optionally discharged or can be discharged, a separation device 808, actuated, for example, by a drive means 818, is provided, whereby, for example, for removal in a defined and / or associated angular range Δφ, after a time interval Δt, for example correlated with the latency, the portion 008;008' removed in the associated angular range Δφ can be sent to a metering device 802, in particular a metering vessel 803, provided separately for this purpose, for measuring the density ρ. The separation device 808 may, as the discharge device 808, be configured, for example, in the form of a diverter 808 with a diverter tongue 817 actuated by the drive means 818, or may be configured, for example, as a diverter 808 with a slide 817 or bottom 817 actuated by the drive means 818. For example, in a variant using a material layer 003;003' interrupted by free segments, the number of material layer segments used for the measurement can be determined, for example, by edge regions 008 separable by a separating device 808 in the manner described above, with, for example, possibly other edge regions 008 being received in a collecting device 117;117'. The sample material of the removed material layer 003;003' received on or in the measuring container 803 can, for example, be poured, in particular tilted, into a larger material receiving portion 816, for example container 816, for example, via a drive means 814, for example a tilting drive 814, for example, after a measurement cycle.

[0193] Furthermore, a measuring device 806 is provided, which can measure the thickness d, e.g., layer thickness d, of the material layer 003, 003' conveyed on the rollers 103, 103'. Thus, to a first approximation, the thickness d, e.g., layer thickness d, can in principle be set anywhere across the width b, b, of the material layer 003, 003' and / or at any point during steady-state operation of the device with the rollers, but preferably sets the thickness d or layer thickness d of the material layer 003, 003' in the material strip 008, 008' to be removed. Such a measuring device 806 is preferably based on non-contact measurement and is configured, for example, as an ultrasonic-based, inductive, or capacitive measuring device 806 together with a corresponding measuring head.

[0194] The determination of the density ρ is carried out, for example, in accordance with ρ=m / V=m / (A·d), in data processing means 811 provided for this purpose and provided in a control device 807 which controls the process of determining the density ρ.

[0195] For example, in the simplest case where the side edges of the material layer 003;003' transported on the rollers 103;103' are sufficiently straight and the width 008 of the material strip 008;008' to be removed or removed is known from the axial position of the removal device 116;116', information about the angular area Δφ passed over during sampling of the portion 008;008' of the material layer 003;003' relevant to determining the density ρ and the radius r of the rollers 103;003' can be used to directly measure the magnitude of the area A and, together with the layer thickness, the magnitude of the volume V of the removed portion 008;008' of the material layer 003;003' relevant to determining the density ρ. In this case, in determining the density ρ, the known width b008 can be used as width b and, to a good approximation, the radius of the roller 103; 103' in the area of ​​the available peripheral surface itself can be used as radius r directly, or, for example, a radius slightly corrected upwards, for example by the average layer thickness d008. When the width b is known, the area A can be determined according to the above-mentioned relationship, for example A=b·2rπ·Δφ / 360°.

[0196] For example, if the material layer 003;003' conveyed on the rollers 103;103' does not have sufficiently straight side edges and / or the width b008 of the material strip 008 to be removed is unknown, a sensor device 804, for example an optically operating sensor 804, may be provided, which can measure the width b;b008 of the edge strip 008;008' to be removed, or the width b;b008 or the shape of the side edge over the angular range Δφ to be observed, and for example an average width can be determined therefrom, in which case the average width is substituted for the width b in the above relation.

[0197] As an advantageous alternative when the width b008 of the material strip 008 is unknown and / or variable, a sensor device 804 with corresponding evaluation means can be provided, whereby, when the position of the cutting line s is known, the area A is measured directly, taking into account the angular area Δφ or the corresponding time interval Δt and the rotational movement with the above-mentioned radius r, and is integrated, for example, over the course of the rotational movement.

[0198] The sensor device 804 or the optically operating sensor 804 can be formed, for example, by a camera 804, in particular a line camera 804.

[0199] Information representing the current angular position φ of each of the rollers 103; 103' or information regarding the angular field Δφ passing over it during sampling of the portion 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' relevant to determining the density ρ can, for example, be sent via a signal connection from the angular position generator 813 to a data processing means 811 which is, for example, directly or indirectly coupled to the roller rotation axis, or via a signal connection from a drive control device which directly or indirectly specifies the angular position of the rollers 103; 103'.

[0200] Therefore, the density ρ of the material layer 003;003' conveyed on the circumferential surface of the roller 103;103' is measured by rotating the roller 103;103' supporting the material layer 003;003' on its outer circumferential surface about its rotation axis R103;R103' and, at a point on the circumferential length, between the reception of the material layer 003;003' and its downstream release onto a further roller 103;103' or, for example, onto the carrier substrate 006, removing the material layer 003;003' over the entire or part of its width b003;b008 by a removal device 114;114';116;116' during the rotation over an angular region Δφ. the mass of the portion 008 of the material layer 003;003' removed from the circumferential surface by weighing it, measuring the thickness d;d003;d008 of the material layer 003;003' before removal, preferably in the area to be removed, by the measuring assembly 806, measuring the area A of the material layer 003;003' that has been or is to be removed in the angular area Δφ on the roller, for example by any of the methods described above, and finally obtaining a value for the density of the material layer 003;003' transported on the roller 103;103' from the area A, the mass m and the layer thickness.

[0201] The measured value of density ρ may be displayable, for example, by a display device 812, e.g., a display 812, and / or by a display device 812, e.g., a display 812, and / or a display device 812, e.g., a display device ... * It can be used in a control device that controls

[0202] The above-described device or a corresponding method for measuring the density ρ makes it possible to check the density ρ and thus the quality of the material layer 003;003′ formed, for example in the form of a dry film 003;003′, as a powder composite film 003;003′ and / or an active material layer 003;003, for example, in the form of a dry film 003;003′, during production, for example, using the above-described method, and to take corrective measures, if any, in the event of deviations from the target value or from a tolerable target range. These can be, for example, an increase in the pressure of the above-described line force or a reduction in the gap width of the above-described nip 104;104′ if the density ρ is too low, or, for example, a decrease in the pressure of the above-described line force or an increase in the gap width of the nip 104;104′ if the density is too high, or, for example, a reduction in the gap width if the density ρ is too low. Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable to vary the powder composition and / or the temperature of, for example, any of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' involved in forming the material layer, and / or to vary the speed difference between the rollers 102; 102'; 103, 103' involved in forming the material layer.

[0203] A machine for producing a multilayer product (see, for example, Figures 3, 10, 15 or 16) having the above-mentioned dry film 003;003' formed from a powder mixture on at least one side of a carrier substrate 006, particularly in an inline process, preferably comprises a substrate supply section 200 in which the carrier material 006 can be supplied to the machine at the inlet side, a first substrate path section 300 in which the carrier substrate 006 can be supplied to a deposition stage 100;100' for applying the dry film 003;003' to at least one side of the carrier substrate 006, and a second substrate path section 400 in which the carrier substrate provided with the dry film 003 on at least one side can be supplied to a product receiving section 500 in which the product can be assembled into a product package, for example a roll or a stack.

[0204] In a particularly preferred configuration, the deposition stages 100;100 * is the above device 100;100 * The deposition stage 100 shown in Fig. 3 can be replaced with any of the structures, configurations, arrangements, and embodiments of the first group of examples, and the deposition stage 100 shown in Fig. 10, Fig. 15, or Fig. 16 can be replaced with any of the structures, configurations, arrangements, and embodiments of the first group of examples. * can be substituted for all of the second group. In the machine examples shown in Figures 15 and 16, alternative configurations, configurations, arrangements, embodiments or variants of the first group of deposition stages 100, i.e. with separate deposition devices 101; 101', can also be used.

[0205] The substrate supply section 200 is advantageously formed by a substrate uncoiler 200, in particular a roll changer 200, preferably with a plurality of roll positions and / or suitable for non-stop roll changes. The roll changer 200 can advantageously comprise substrate guide elements 202 formed as motor-driven rollers 202, in particular tension rollers 202, and / or substrate guide elements 203, for example in the form of spring-loaded dancer rollers 203 on levers perpendicular to the substrate path. The carrier substrate web 006 is unwound in the substrate uncoiler 200 and is fed at the inlet side into the substrate path through the machine in the unwinding position.

[0206] In the case of a tensioning roller 202 provided in the substrate uncoiler and, for example, structurally assigned to said substrate uncoiler (see, for example, FIG. 3 or FIG. 10 ), this may, for example, comprise, in addition to the tensioning roller 202, a drive means, in particular a drive motor, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, that drives the tensioning roller 202, in particular independently from the other tensioning rollers and that can be closed-loop and / or open-loop controlled in terms of speed, and / or a tensioning mechanism 207, in particular a retraction mechanism 207, having an adjustable pressure roller on the tensioning roller 202 to increase friction. Depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing upstream and downstream of the roller 202, the roller 202 or the drive means can or may also be operated by generator drive or by inhibiting the feed of the carrier substrate web 006, for example, in order to establish or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension in the substrate path section 300 adjacent and extending, for example, to the next clamp or web tension point, or in the part of the substrate path section 300 formed by adjacent substrate path sections.

[0207] Furthermore, if structurally assigned to the substrate path in the roll uncoiler 200, a substrate guide element 208 can be configured in the substrate path as a measuring roller 208, for example a web tension measuring roller 208 (exemplary for all configurations, shown for example in FIG. 16), so as to measure, for example, the web tension in the individual modules 100; * ;600 or in particular via the conveying speed of one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, this can be examined for use in adjusting the web tension, for example.

[0208] The substrate supply section 200 formed as a roll changer 200 is advantageously mechanically independent from the rest of the machine and / or includes individual motor-driven roll drives and / or lifting devices to support the roll loading and / or roll unloading process.

[0209] In an advantageous configuration, a device for lateral web edge control 204 (exemplary for all configurations, for example shown in FIG. 15) is provided, in particular a sensor system for detecting the web edges and an adjustment element for providing a lateral offset of the carrier substrate, for example in the conveying direction T S and a pair of pivot rods pivotable about an axis extending perpendicular to the substrate supply section 200 may further be provided in the substrate path section associated with the substrate supply section 200 and / or in the adjacent first substrate path 300. In a particularly advantageous configuration, the web edge control section 204 is combined with a gluing device 206, for example a gluing table 206.

[0210] Alternatively or additionally, in an advantageous configuration, an expander device, in particular a web guide element consisting of a single or multiple members having a convexly extending peripheral surface, is further provided in the substrate path section of the substrate supply section 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300.

[0211] In an advantageous refinement, a single or multi-part pre-treatment station 302, in particular a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by means of which the carrier substrate 006 is or can be cleaned of surface impurities, such as dust or cutting residues, and / or charge carriers, on one or both sides in a non-contact or contact process.

[0212] In the first substrate path 300, in particular downstream of any scheduled cleaning, a measuring station 303 is advantageously provided, in particular with an acoustic or radiation-based measuring device 303, by means of which the material thickness of the carrier material 006 can be checked for its thickness and / or thickness uniformity and / or impurities, and in the event of, for example, an unacceptable deviation from the target setting, an optical and / or acoustic warning signal and / or error signal is sent to the machine control and / or control station.

[0213] In an advantageous configuration for all machine configurations, the substrate guide elements 208; 307 can be configured as measuring rollers (exemplary for all configurations, for example, shown in FIGS. 15 and 15) in the substrate path section structurally assigned to the roll uncoiler 200 and / or in the adjacent substrate path section of the first substrate path 300, so that, for example, the web tension can be measured, for example, in the individual modules 100; 100 * 600 or in particular one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307, or preferably both measuring rollers 208; 307, may be provided, in which case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or subsequently control the web tension in the substrate path section located upstream of the first or only application point.

[0214] In an advantageous refinement, a pretreatment station 304, for example configured as a deposition station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by means of which binder and / or primer can be applied to one or both sides of the carrier material 006. In this case, a dryer not shown, for example a hot air dryer or an infrared dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the deposition station 304.

[0215] In principle independently, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other design variants of the machine, an advantageous refinement is * Immediately preceding this in the substrate path, i.e., downstream of the last substrate guide element 301; 307 cooperating with the carrier substrate web 006, is a thermal pretreatment station 306, in particular a temperature conditioning station, e.g., an infrared radiation source 306, by which the carrier substrate 006 can be heated above ambient temperature, in particular above 60°C, preferably to at least 80°C. This can be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating a bond-promoting or bond-generating agent 007; 007' provided or applied on the carrier substrate 006. In principle, independently of this, but preferably in conjunction with such a temperature conditioning station 306, a sensor 311, e.g., a temperature sensor 311, in particular a temperature sensor 311 operating in a contactless and / or radiation manner, can be provided for determining the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006. The sensor 311, for example, as the temperature sensor 311, can be a component of a control circuit for regulating the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006 together with the optionally provided temperature control station 306.

[0216] Instead of, or possibly in addition to, a tensioning roller 202 or an associated tensioning mechanism 207 associated with the substrate uncoiler 200, a tensioning roller 308 or tensioning mechanism 309 may be provided in the substrate path section 300 adjacent to the substrate uncoiler 200 and / or leading to the first or only dry film application point, i.e., the first or only lamination gap 107; 107'. If there is only one tensioning roller 202; 308 or one tensioning mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between unwinding from the roll 201 and entering the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', such tensioning roller 202; 308 or such tensioning mechanism 207; 309 can in principle be provided between the substrate uncoiler 200, in particular between the uncoiler and the substrate uncoiler 200 and the application stage 100; 100'. * , in particular the substrate path section 300 extending between the first or only deposition point, or similarly the deposition stage 100; 100 *308 or such a tensioning mechanism 207; 309 is arranged upstream of the first application point in the substrate path section, i.e. the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', in order to establish or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension, for example in an adjacent substrate path section or in a part of the substrate path section formed by adjacent substrate path sections. The tensioning mechanism, which corresponds to the tensioning mechanism 207 already described above, for example has, in addition to the tensioning roller 308, drive means, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, for driving the tensioning roller 308, in particular independently from the other tensioning rollers, and which can be controlled in a closed-loop and / or open-loop manner in terms of speed, and / or a pressure roller which can be applied on the tensioning roller 308 to increase friction. The roller 308 or drive means may also be operable by generator drive or by inhibiting the feed of the carrier substrate web 006 in order to build or maintain a particular and / or desired web tension, for example, in an adjacent substrate path section and extending, for example, to the next clamp or web tension point, or in a portion of a substrate path section formed by adjacent substrate path sections, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing upstream and downstream of the roller 308.

[0217] In an advantageous configuration, in the second substrate path 400, in particular the deposition stage 100; *In the substrate path immediately following, a calendering mechanism 600 is provided with two calendering gaps between formed calendering rollers 601; 602, of which, for example, at least one, preferably both, are heatable, in particular capable of heating their periphery to at least 80°C, advantageously at least 100°C, preferably at least 120°C at an ambient temperature of 25°C, and / or capable of applying a line force of at least 5.0 kN / cm, advantageously at least 7 kN / cm, preferably between 5 kN / cm and 30 kN / cm. The product web 002 coated on at least one side can be passed through the calendering gap in order to further compress the dry film 003; 003' using pressure and / or a temperature higher than the ambient temperature.

[0218] In a particularly advantageous configuration, independently in principle, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other configuration variants of the machine, a cooling device 402 is provided in the second substrate path 400, in particular in the substrate path after the optional calendaring mechanism 600, by means of which the product stream 002 passing therethrough can be cooled, for example, by at least 20°C, in particular by at least 50°C.

[0219] In principle independently, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other design variants of the machine, an advantageous refinement is that inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2, in particular based on optical and / or acoustic measurements, are provided in the second substrate path 400, e.g. with a sensor 403.1 directed towards one side and a sensor 403.2 directed towards the other side, in order to inspect the product surface for defects, e.g. the integrity of the area and / or thickness of the applied dry film 003; 003'. The inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2 can be provided in the substrate path downstream of the calendering mechanism 600, as shown, for example, in Fig. 15, or in the substrate path downstream of the deposition stage 100; 100' but upstream of the calendering mechanism 600, as shown, for example, in Fig. 16. In the former case, defects caused by the calendering process can be detected, while in the latter case, defects possibly caused in the deposition stage 100; 100' can be located as early as possible.

[0220] In principle independently, but preferably together with other configuration variants of the machine, but particularly in conjunction with the inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2 arranged on the substrate path, an advantageous refinement provides a device for defect marking 412, which can be formed, for example, by a printing device, such as an inkjet printhead, or an insertion device, which applies, for example, object marking means, such as so-called marking flags or marking labels, to the substrate path. For example, this can be formed, for example, by a printing device, such as an inkjet printhead, or an insertion device, which can, for example, introduce object marking means, such as so-called marking flags, onto the carrier substrate web 006.

[0221] In all configurations of the machine, in an advantageous configuration, at least one substrate guide element 409 can be configured in the second substrate path 400 as a measuring roller 409, so that, for example, the web tension can be measured, for example, by the individual modules 100; 100 *600 or in particular one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. * In the substrate path section of the second substrate path section 400, which is arranged downstream of the last or only application point and upstream of the calendering mechanism 600, in particular the calendering, at least one substrate guide element 409 is particularly preferably configured as a measuring roller 409, not only in this substrate path section but also in the substrate path section arranged downstream of the calendering mechanism 600. Alternatively or additionally, a substrate guide element 507 structurally assigned to the product coiler 500 may be configured as a measuring roller 507 arranged downstream of the calendering mechanism 600 in the substrate path.

[0222] Adhering stage 100;100 * In order to be able to ensure an optimal substrate travel through the * Directly behind, but before the optionally provided calendering mechanism 600, there is provided a substrate guide element 401 configured as a motor-driven tensioning roller 401. This may, for example, be provided in a tensioning mechanism 411 which, in addition to the tensioning roller 401, has a drive means, e.g. in the form of a servo-driven motor, which drives the tensioning roller 401, in particular independently of the other tensioning rollers, and which can be controlled in a closed loop and / or an open loop in terms of speed, and / or a pressure roller which can be applied on the tensioning roller 401 to increase friction. In this case, the roller 401 or the drive means can or may also be driven by a generator or with a suppression of the feed of the carrier substrate web 006, in principle, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing upstream and downstream of the roller 401, but in this case it is necessary to drive the carrier substrate web 006 by motor drive, i.e., in the transport direction T, in order to build up and / or maintain web tension on the substrate path section located upstream. S301 and / or the peripheral speed of the last or only laminating roller 107; 107' or pair of laminating rollers 107; 107'.

[0223] Alternatively or additionally, in a preferred configuration, in the second substrate path 400, the deposition stage 100; * Between the calendering mechanism 600 and the calendering mechanism 600, a web tension compensation and / or web tension closed loop control device 406 (for example, as exemplarily shown in FIG. 15 for all configurations) is provided, for example with a dancer roller 407, by which, for example, variations in the web tension can be compensated for and / or the web tension can be compensated for by the modules 100; 100 located upstream or downstream. * ;600 or in particular the conveying speed of one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502 is adjustable.

[0224] For all configurations and variants of the machine described herein, one embodiment is particularly advantageous in which a measuring station 408 is provided in the product receiving section between the only or last calendering mechanism 600;600 and the assembly into product bundles 501 to determine the thickness, in particular the total thickness, of the product stream (for example, as exemplarily shown in Figures 15 and 16 for all configurations).

[0225] Instead of or in addition to the above-mentioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path section 400, such or further cooling devices 402; 504 may also be provided in a substrate path section associated with the product receiver 500 or in its structure. Such cooling devices 504 may be formed, for example, by substrate guide elements 504 formed as cooling rollers 504. Alternatively, such cooling devices 504 in the second substrate path section 400 or structurally associated with the product receiver 500 may also be formed by a plurality of continuously partially wound temperature-regulated cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2.

[0226] In a refinement, a sensor 508 for determining the temperature of the products 002, in particular the product web 002, may be provided in the substrate path downstream of the optionally provided calendering mechanism 600, but at the latest before the unwinder, for example before winding on the product coiler 500, e.g. downstream of the optionally provided cooling device 504. The sensor 508 may be formed, for example, as a temperature sensor 508, in particular as a temperature sensor 311 operating contactlessly and / or radioactively, and / or may be a component of a control circuit for regulating the temperature, if an optionally provided cooling device 504 is provided.

[0227] In an advantageous configuration, the product receiver 500 is configured as a product coiler 500, in particular in the manner of a roll changer 500.

[0228] Preferably, the product coiler 500 is suitable for non-stop roll changes and / or comprises substrate guide elements 502 formed as motor-driven tension rollers 502 as described above and / or substrate guide elements 503 in the form of dancer rollers 503 spring-loaded on levers perpendicular to the substrate path.

[0229] In order to ensure an optimal substrate run between the optionally provided calendering mechanism 600 and winding on the product coiler 500, in an advantageous configuration a substrate guide element 502 configured as a motor-driven tensioning roller 502, preferably as the last substrate guide element 502 before winding, can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or in the substrate path section associated with the product coiler 500. This can be provided, for example, in a tensioning mechanism 506 which, in addition to the tensioning roller 502, has a drive means, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, for driving the tensioning roller 502, in particular independently of the other tensioning rollers, and which can be controlled in a closed-loop and / or open-loop manner with regard to speed, and / or a pressure roller which can be applied on the tensioning roller 502 to increase friction.

[0230] In particular, in the configuration of the machine equipped with the calendering mechanism 600, which is particularly advantageous for stable and trouble-free in-line continuous operation, the substrate uncoiler 200 is wound from the unwinding position from the substrate roll 201 to the application stage 100; * a first substrate path section located between the first lamination gap 107 and the first lamination gap 107'; and a deposition stage 100; * In a second substrate path section located between the exit of the carrier substrate web provided with a dry film 003; 003' on at least one side from the single or last downstream lamination gap 107; 107' of the first or second lamination gap 107; 107' and the entry into the calendering nip between the two calendering rollers 601; 602, there is provided at least one measuring roller 208; 307; 409 as well as at least one forced-drive tensioning roller 202; 308; 401 for determining the web tension. In an advantageous refinement, a third substrate path section located between the exit of the carrier substrate web 006 provided with a dry film 003; 003' on at least one side from the calendering nip and the winding position on the product roll 501 in the product coiler 500 is also provided with a forced-drive tensioning roller 502 and / or a measuring roller 409; 507 for determining the web tension.

[0231] Preferably, a web tension open-loop control device (not shown here) is provided, on the inlet side of which are located the measuring rollers 208; 307; 409 provided in the first or second of said substrate path sections, respectively, and on the outlet side of which are located drive control devices for controlling the roller drives of the tensioning rollers 202; 308; 401 provided in the first or second of said substrate path sections, respectively, and which in particular has data processing and / or electronic switching means, which are configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two substrate path sections, respectively, by corresponding control of the drive control devices for driving one or more tensioning rollers 202; 308; 401 in each of the two substrate path sections. In a refinement, the open-loop web tension control device may further comprise, on its inlet side, a respective measuring roller 409; 507 provided in the third substrate path section, and on its outlet side, a drive control device for controlling the drive of the tension roller 512 of the tension roller 502 provided in the third substrate path section, which may likewise be adjustable, for example, by the drive control device, with respect to a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference relative to the substrate path section arranged upstream.

[0232] Adhering stage 100;100 * For machine configurations that do not have a calendering mechanism downstream of the unwinding section 100; 100, the above description of the signal connections and the arrangement of the web tension open loop control device also applies to machine configurations that do not have a calendering mechanism downstream of the unwinding section 100; 100 * a first substrate path section between the first deposition point and the deposition stage 100; * 502 in the substrate path section between the passage of the only or last point of dry film application by the dry film application and the winding point at the roll coiler 500.

[0233] As an alternative to the machine configuration with the product receiving section 500 configured as a roll coiler 500, in a particularly advantageous configuration, a cross-cutting device can be provided at the entrance to the second substrate path 400 or the product receiving section 500, so that the product stream 002 produced in the machine can be cross-cut already within the product section 001. In this case, the product receiving section 500 is configured, for example, as a stack laying device, in particular as a multi-stack laying device that lays several stacks one after the other.

[0234] the above machines and / or equipment 100;100 * In the method, for example, a dry film 003; 003' having a width smaller than the width of the carrier substrate is continuously applied to a web-like carrier substrate 006, preferably on both sides, so that uncoated edges of the carrier substrate remain on both sides. [Explanation of symbols]

[0235] 001 Product, final product, product category, electrode unit, electrode 002 Products, intermediate products, product continuum, electrode continuum 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free) 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free) 004 Materials, powders, powder mixtures (especially dry) 004' Materials, powders, powder mixtures (especially dry) 005 - 006 Carrier substrate, carrier substrate web, current collector substrate, current collector sheet, web-like 007 Bond promoters or bond generators, primers, binders, adhesives 007' Bond promoters or bond generators, primers, binders, adhesives 008 Part, material strip, edge strip 100 Apparatus for coating, coating device, application stage, module, lamination module, lamination unit 100* Apparatus for coating, coating device, application stage, module, laminating module, laminating unit 101 application mechanism, first 101' application mechanism, second 102 Roller, first metering roller 102' Roller, first metering roller 103 Roller, second, laminating roller, counter pressure roller 103' Roller, second, laminating roller, counter pressure roller 104 gap, first, film forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, nip 104' gap, first, film forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, nip 105 - 106 Roller, counter pressure roller 106' Roller, counter pressure roller 107 gap, second, deposition gap, lamination gap 107' gap, second, deposition gap, lamination gap 108 Spandrel, Space 109 Adjustment drive, position base 109' Adjustment drive, position base 110 - 111 Adjustment drive, force base 111' Adjustment drive, force base 112 Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, linear bearing 112' Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, linear bearing 113 Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, triple race bearing 113' Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, triple race bearing 114 Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 114' Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 115 - 116 Removal device, doctor, side edge doctor 116' Removal device, doctor, side edge doctor 117 Collection equipment, collection tank 117' Collection device, collection tank 118 Roller, further, calendering roller 118' Roller, further, calendering roller 119 - 120 - 121 Substrate guide elements, guide rollers, deflection rollers 122 Support, side part (lower frame) 122' Support, side part (lower frame) 123 Suction part 123' Suction part 124 Partition, side shield 125 - 126 Injection and / or Pre-space 127 Material Removal Section 127' Material removal section 128 Frame (covered stage) 129 Removal devices, doctors, cleaning doctors 200 Substrate supply section, substrate uncoiler, roll exchanger 201 Roll, base material roll 202 Substrate guide elements, rollers, tension rollers, forced transmission type 203 Substrate guide element, dancer roller 204 Web edge control section 205 - 206 Bonding device, bonding table 207 Tension mechanism, retraction mechanism 208 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 300 substrate path section, conveying section, first, upstream side, supply side 301 Substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers 302 Pretreatment Station, Cleaning Station, Deionization Station 303 Measuring Station (Carrier Substrate Thickness) 304 Pre-treatment station, deposition station 305 - 306 Pretreatment Station, Thermal, Temperature Conditioning Station, Infrared Radiation Source 307 Substrate guide elements, measuring rollers, web tension measuring rollers 308 Substrate guide elements, rollers, tension rollers, forced drive type 309 Tension Mechanism 310 - 311 Sensors, Temperature Sensors 400 substrate path section, conveying section, second, downstream side, discharge side 401 Substrate guide elements, rollers, tension rollers, forced transmission type 402 Cooling device 402 * Cooling equipment (alternative or additional) 403 Inspection Equipment 404 Substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers 405 - 406 Web tension compensation and / or web tension closed loop control device 407 Dancerola 408 Measuring Station (Product Continuum Thickness) 409 Substrate guide elements, measuring rollers, web tension measuring rollers 410 - 411 Tension Mechanism 412 Defect marking 500 Product receiving section, product coiler, roll exchanger 501 Product bundles, rolls, product rolls 502 Substrate guide element, tension roller, forced drive type 503 Dancerola 504 Cooling device, substrate guide element, roller, cooling roller 504.1 Cooling rollers 504.2 Cooling rollers 505 - 506 Tension Mechanism 507 Substrate guide elements, measuring rollers, web tension measuring rollers 508 Sensor, Temperature Sensor 600 Calendering mechanism, module, calendering module 600 * Calendering mechanism (alternative or additional), module, calendering module 601 Roller, calendering roller, first, heated 601 * Roller, calendering roller, first (alternative or additional) 602 Roller, calendering roller, second, heated 602 * Roller, calendering roller, second (alternative or additional) 603 Frame (calendar processing mechanism) 700 Apparatus for feeding powdered materials, powder feeding apparatus 700' Apparatus for feeding powdered materials, powder feeding apparatus 701 Discharge devices, metering devices, metering equipment with vibration drive devices, metering shakers 702 Conveyor equipment, linear conveyors, linear conveyor systems, conveyor belts, conveyor belt systems 702.1 Linear conveyors, primary; Conveyor belts, primary 702.2 Linear conveyors, secondary; Conveyor belts, secondary 703 Providing devices, supply lines, pre-containers, pre-hopper 704 Measuring mechanism, linear conveyor, vibration conveyor 705 Rollers, deflection rollers, drive rollers 706 Vibration Table 707 Driving means, driving device, vibration driving device, vibration driving device 708 Removal device, removal doctor 709 Driving means, driving motor 710 - 711 Introduction aids, hopper tank 712 Driving means, driving motors, servo motors 712.1 Drive means, drive motors, servo motors 712.1 Drive means, drive motors, servo motors 713 Sensor, Fill Level Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor 714 Sensors, Level Sensors, Layer Level Sensors 715 Driving means, adjusting drive device 716 Definition part, lateral, side guide 717 Definition, lateral, side guide 718 - 719 Driving means, adjusting drive device 720 - 721 Metering mechanism, adjustment mechanism 722 Driving means, adjusting motor 722.x Drive means, adjusting motor 723 Adjustment elements, flaps, sliders 723.x Adjustment elements, flap segments, slider segments, adjustment element segments 724 Open-Loop and / or Closed-Loop Control Devices 725 - 726 Sensor devices, powder flow sensor devices, photointerrupters, light curtains 727 Radiation source, light source 727.x Radiation source, light source, elongated, light bar 728 Sensors, Radiation Receivers, Photodiodes, Phototransistors 728.x sensor, radiation receiver, elongated, radiation receiver segment, radiation receiver array, photodiode array, line camera 729 Circuit Elements, Latency Elements 730 - 731 Sensor device, powder flow sensor device 731.x Sensor device, powder flow sensor device 732 Collision elements, collision plates, deflection metal sheets 732.x Collision elements, collision plates, deflecting metal sheets 733 Sensors, Force Detectors 733.x Sensor, Force Detector, Stretched, Force Detector Array 744 Distribution device 745 - 746 Crossbeam 747 Dispensing tool, dispensing finger 748 Recesses, grooves 749 Driving means 750 - 751 Containers, shaking tanks 752 Aperture 753 Bottom 754 Fill Level Sensor, Sensor 755 - 756 Supply passages, injection pipe pieces, injection chutes, pipes 756.1 Aisle division 756.2 Aisle division 757 Exit 758 Guide, longitudinal board 759 Fill Level Sensor 760 - 761 Sensors, Cameras, Line Cameras 762 Regulating elements, valves, ball or flat spool valves, squeeze valves 763 Adjustable drives, proportional drives 764 Aperture 765 - 766 Shoot 767 Separation wall 768 Carriage, spindle carriage 769 Threaded Spindle 770 - 771 Drive means, motors, servo motors (reversible) 772 Coupling, axis 773 Support, holding body 801 Measuring assembly for determining density 802 Measuring devices, measuring instruments 803 Measuring containers, measuring shells 804 Sensor equipment, sensors, optical, cameras, line cameras 805 - 806 Measuring devices, ultrasonic-based, inductive, and capacitive 807 Control Device 808 Separation devices, derivation devices, switching devices, diverters 809 Measuring instrument 810 - 811 Data Processing Means 812 Display devices 813 Angular Position Generator 814 Driving means, tilting drive device 815 - 816 Material receiving section, container 817 Switch tongue, slider, bottom 818 Drive means, cylinder piston system b Width d thickness, layer thickness b003 width(003;003') b006 Width(006) b008 width(008) d003 Thickness, layer thickness (003) d003' Thickness, layer thickness (003') d006 Thickness (006) d008 Thickness, layer thickness (008) F Measured quantity, force Fx measurand, force I. Measurement quantity, radiation intensity Ix Measured quantity, radiation intensity φ Angular position ρ density r radius m mass R12 Closed loop control circuit R14 Closed loop control circuit R15 Closed loop control circuit R17 Closed loop control circuit R34 Closed-loop control circuit R35 Closed-loop control circuit R37 Closed-loop control circuit R82 Closed loop control circuit R85 Closed-loop control circuit S1 signal connection, sensor signal S2 signal connection, sensor signal S3 signal connection, sensor signal S4 signal connection, sensor signal S5 signal connection, sensor signal S6 signal connection, sensor signal S7 signal connection, sensor signal S8 Signal connection, sensor signal s cutting line t time At time t1, the first At time t2, the second T SConveying direction (carrier substrate 006) T P Conveying direction (powder material 004) V is a quantity that represents the mechanical speed

Claims

1. A deposition mechanism (101; 101') comprising a powder feeder (700; 700') for feeding a powdered material (004; 004'), the deposition mechanism (101; 101') comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103') forming a roller nip (104; 104') together with the first roller (102; 102'), the first roller (102; 102') being positioned above the nip (104; 104') and the second roller (103; 103') being positioned above the nip (104; 104'). In the region of the spandrel (108) formed between the peripheral surface of the first roller (102; 102') and the peripheral surface of the second roller (103; 103'), an injection and / or pre-position space (126) is formed and / or provided, into which the powder material (004; 004') can be supplied via a discharge device (701) provided in the powder supply device (700; 700'), and the discharge device ( 701) comprises a container (751) with a bottom (753) that is vibrated by a vibrating drive (707), the container (751) having an opening (752) in the bottom (753) that is connected on the outlet side to a feed channel (756) through which the powdered material (004; 004') can be discharged from the container (751) into the injection and / or pre-filling space (126) located below.

1. A deposition mechanism (101; 101') characterized in that the supply passage (756) extends with its outlet on the outlet side into the injection and / or pre-deposition space (126) formed in the spandrel (108) above the roller nip (104; 104') and between the circumferential surface of the first roller (102; 102') and the circumferential surface of the second roller (103; 103').

2. 2. The application mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that a fill level sensor (754) is provided above the bottom (753) with the opening (752).

3. 3. The application arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the filling level sensor (754) makes it possible to monitor the filling level in the container (751).

4. 4. The application mechanism according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the filling level sensor (754) is arranged above the opening (752) and / or by means of the filling level sensor (754) the filling level in the container (751) and / or in or above the supply channel (756) can be monitored.

5. 4. The application mechanism according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the filling level sensor (754) is arranged in such a way that it can monitor the filling level in the container (751) in an area spaced apart from the opening (752) by a maximum of 20 mm and / or in an area located upstream of the entrance to the opening (752).

6. 6. The application mechanism according to claim 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the filling level sensor (754) is formed as a sensor (754) capable of monitoring the filling level over a continuous range and / or of closed-loop controlling it to a defined level.

7. 7. The application mechanism according to claim 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the fill level sensor (754) is designed as a sensor (754) operating according to a contactless measuring principle and / or based on acoustic waves and / or electromagnetic waves.

8. 8. The application mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the bottom (753) is provided with an opening (752) extending over the supply width and a supply passage (756) adjacent to the opening (752) also extending over the supply width, the supply width preferably corresponding to the pre-width of the injection and / or pre-load space (123) defined on both sides and formed above the nip (104; 104') with a deviation of at most ±10%.

9. 8. The application mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that, viewed in the direction of the nip (104; 104'), a plurality of openings (752) and assigned supply channels (756) are provided side by side.

10. 10. Application arrangement according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the container (751) is in the form of a shaking tank (751) and / or is formed with an annular wall.

11. 11. The application arrangement according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that it is provided with a pre-container (703) provided with an outlet (757) which supplies or can supply powdered material (004; 004') to the container (751) which is vibrated.

12. 12. The application mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that the outlet (757) of the pre-container (703) is located in or above the vibrated container (751) and at a predetermined height above the bottom (753) of the container (751).

13. 13. The application system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the outlet (757) of the pre-container (703) is arranged spaced apart in the horizontal direction relative to one or more of the openings (752).

14. 14. The deposition mechanism according to claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that a drive mechanism is provided which can change the distance of the pre-container (703) and / or the outlet (757) of the pre-container (703) relative to the bottom (753) of the shaking tank (751).

15. 15. The application system according to claim 11, 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that the container (751) is formed as a shaking tank (751) with an annular wall having a height of more than 10 mm, and the outlet (757) of the pre-container (703) is located above the bottom (753) at a height below the level of the maximum possible filling height determined by the wall of the shaking tank, although the material (004; 004') can flow into the shaking tank (751).

16. A coating device (100; 100) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003; 003'). ＊ ) a coating device (100; 100) comprising at least one application mechanism (101) by means of which a powdery material (004; 004') can first be processed by means of a pressing force, thereby forming a dry film (003), which can then be applied as a powder composite film (003; 003') to one side of the carrier substrate (006), in particular by pressing and / or by means of a pressing force. ＊ 16. A coating device (100; 100) characterized in that it is provided with a configuration of a deposition mechanism (101; 101') according to any one of claims 1 to 15. ＊ ).

17. 17. The coating device according to claim 16, wherein the second roller (003; 003') or a roller (003; 003') which cooperates directly with the second roller (003; 003') or indirectly via one or more further rollers and which acts as a laminating roller (003; 003') forms a second nip (107; 107') in the nip between its circumferential surface and the circumferential surface of a roller (106; 103') which acts as a counter-pressure roller (106; 103'), through which the carrier substrate (006) can be guided, and at this time the dry film (003; 003') formed via the first nip (104; 104') can be applied to the carrier substrate (006).

18. A second application mechanism (101'; 101) according to any one of claims 1 to 15 is provided, into which a powdered material (004'; 004) can be introduced via a further powder supplying device (700'; 700) and processed into a second dry film (003'; 003) in the further powder supplying device (700'; 700), which can subsequently be applied to the other second side of the carrier substrate (006), and the second application mechanism (101'; 101) also has a first roller ( 18. The coating apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103'), the second rollers (103; 103') of both application mechanisms (101; 101') together forming the second roller nip (107; 107'), through which the carrier substrate (006) can be guided, and at the same time, the dry film (003; 003') formed via each of the first gaps (104; 104) can be applied to both sides of the carrier substrate (006).

Images