Precursor, perovskite light-absorbing layer and manufacturing method, perovskite battery and power consumption device

Abstract

The present application provides a precursor, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a manufacturing method thereof, as well as a perovskite battery and a power consumption device. The precursor is used to manufacture a perovskite light-absorbing layer and includes a perovskite precursor liquid and an organic additive added to the perovskite precursor liquid, where the organic additive contains one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino. The present application adds an organic additive containing one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino to the perovskite precursor liquid, thereby suppressing problems such as crystal defects and uneven distribution of crystal grains of the perovskite component during the perovskite formation process from the perovskite precursor liquid, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to precursors, perovskite light-absorbing layers and manufacturing methods, perovskite batteries and power-consuming devices. [Background technology]

[0002] Organometal halide perovskite cells have attracted widespread attention from researchers around the world due to their excellent photoelectric conversion potential and relatively low manufacturing costs. After more than 10 years of research and development, their highest photoelectric conversion efficiency has reached 25.7%.

[0003] However, the most commonly used metal element in current high-efficiency organometal halide perovskite batteries is the heavy metal lead (Pb), which causes heavy pollution, which goes against the trend of high efficiency and low pollution required for solar cells. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop new environmentally friendly perovskite batteries on the premise of ensuring high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The technical problem that this application mainly solves is the adverse effect of intrinsic defects present during the formation of the lead-tin mixed perovskite light-absorbing layer on the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite cells. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] First aspect: A precursor for use in the manufacture of a perovskite light absorbing layer, comprising: a perovskite precursor liquid; and an organic additive added to the perovskite precursor liquid; Here, the organic additive is [ka] The functional group may include one or more of the following:

[0006] In one or more embodiments of the present application, an organic additive containing one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, and an amino group is added to the perovskite precursor liquid, thereby suppressing problems such as crystal defects and uneven distribution of crystal grains of the perovskite component during the process of the perovskite precursor liquid forming the perovskite, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0007] In some embodiments, the perovskite precursor comprises a lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor.

[0008] In this application, "lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor liquid" refers to a precursor material that forms a lead-tin mixed perovskite material.

[0009] In one or more embodiments of the present application, an organic additive containing one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, and an amino group is added to the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor solution to suppress problems such as intrinsic defects in which Sn2+ is easily oxidized to Sn4+, tin hole defects caused by the introduction of tin, crystal defects in the tin-based perovskite component, and uneven crystal grain distribution in the tin-lead-based perovskite component, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0010] Specifically, the organic additive containing one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups strongly interacts with the tin-based component in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor, suppressing impurities in the intermediate phase and reducing the crystal growth rate, ultimately resulting in a hole- and wrinkle-free lead-tin mixed perovskite light-absorbing layer and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the organic additive is: [ka] and two functional groups, or [ka] It contains two functional groups:

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the organic additive comprises the above-mentioned functional group, thereby improving the degree of bonding and / or coordination between the organic additive and the tin-based component in the perovskite precursor solution, slowing down the crystallization process of the lead-tin mixed perovskite and / or passivating defects, and forming a high-quality perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] Including, Here, R includes at least one of H, CH3, and C2H5.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present application, a chain-structured organic additive is provided, which is added to the perovskite precursor liquid to improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer. Specifically, the organic additive in one or more embodiments of the present application is an organic small molecule amine, which can strongly interact with the tin-based component in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor, slowing down the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite component.

[0015] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] Includes one or more of the following.

[0016] One or more embodiments of the present application provide several preferred organic small molecule additives to improve the quality of perovskite light-absorbing layers, specifically, the several organic additives according to one or more embodiments of the present application are all isomers of C4H9O2N and all have a chain configuration.

[0017] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] wherein R' comprises NH2 or OH.

[0018] In one or more embodiments of the present application, a cyclic organic additive is provided, which is added to a perovskite precursor solution to improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer. Specifically, the organic additive in one or more embodiments of the present application is a small organic amine or small organic hydroxy ester arranged in a heterocyclic ring, and the strong interaction between the amino group or hydroxy group of the organic additive and the tin-based component in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor slows down the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite component.

[0019] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] Includes one or more of the following.

[0020] One or more embodiments of the present application provide multiple organic small molecule additives to improve the quality of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, specifically, the multiple organic additives according to one or more embodiments of the present application all have an oxygen-containing five-membered heterocycle and are aliphatic.

[0021] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] Includes one or more of the following.

[0022] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the organic additives may be used to 2+ is Sn 4+ The oxidation of tin reduces the occurrence of tin hole defects, slows down the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite components, improves the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer, and enhances the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite cells.

[0023] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] Includes one or more of the following.

[0024] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned organic additives further improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer, and significantly enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0025] In some embodiments, the molar amount of the organic additive is between 0.1% and 10% of the molar amount of the perovskite precursor solution.

[0026] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the molar amount of any one of the organic additives that can improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer relative to the molar amount of the perovskite precursor solution is within the scope of protection of the present application. In one or more embodiments, the molar amount of the organic additive is within the range of 0.1% to 10% of the molar amount of the perovskite precursor solution, and the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer has relatively high quality, effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0027] Second aspect: The present application provides a perovskite light absorbing layer, which is produced by any one of the precursors according to the first aspect.

[0028] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the precursor according to the first aspect is used to produce and form perovskite light-absorbing layers with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability, thereby improving the service life and future applications of perovskite cells containing them.

[0029] In some embodiments, the perovskite absorber layer material is Cs (0~0.05) FA (0.8~0.95) MA (0~0.10) Pb (0.5~1.0) Sn (0.3~0.6) It is I3.

[0030] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the provided organic additive is added to the perovskite precursor solution to strongly interact with the tin-based component therein, suppressing impurities in the intermediate phase, reducing the crystal growth rate, and obtaining a perovskite light-absorbing layer without holes or wrinkles, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0031] In some embodiments, the perovskite absorber layer material is Cs 0.05 FA 0.90 MA 0.05 Pb 0.6 Sn 0.4 It is I3.

[0032] In one or more embodiments of the present application, a perovskite battery is formed using a lead-tin mixed perovskite with a specific Sn doping amount, which reduces the contamination of lead-based perovskite batteries, reduces intrinsic defects, improves film quality, and ensures that the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the formed perovskite battery are maintained at a relatively high level. 0.05 FA 0.90 MA 0.05 Pb 0.6 Sn 0.4 During the formation of I3, the organic additive of the present application is added to further enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell of the present application.

[0033] Third aspect: The present application provides a method for producing a perovskite light absorber layer, comprising coating any one precursor according to the first aspect onto the surface of an embedded interface and annealing the resulting product to form a perovskite light absorber layer.

[0034] In one or more embodiments of the present application, a method for manufacturing a perovskite light absorber layer is provided, whereby any one precursor according to the first aspect is allowed to form a perovskite light absorber layer with good quality and stability.

[0035] Fourth aspect: The present application provides a perovskite battery, comprising a perovskite absorber layer, wherein the perovskite absorber layer is a perovskite absorber layer according to the second aspect or a perovskite absorber layer manufactured by employing a method according to the third aspect.

[0036] One or more embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite cell including a perovskite light-absorbing layer according to the second aspect or a perovskite light-absorbing layer manufactured using the method according to the third aspect, which is advantageous for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite cells and enhancing the application prospects and commercial value of perovskite cells.

[0037] Fifth aspect: A power consuming device, comprising a perovskite battery according to the fourth aspect.

[0038] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the perovskite battery may serve as a power source for the power consumer, or may serve as an energy storage unit for the power consumer. Exemplarily, the power consumer may be a lighting device, a display device, a car, etc. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0039] In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments of the present application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the drawings without exerting any creative efforts. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to the present application. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to the present application. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a third structural schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to the present application. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a microtopography diagram of the perovskite light-absorbing layer formed in Example 1. [Figure 5]FIG. 1 is a microtopography diagram of the perovskite light-absorbing layer formed in Example 3. [Figure 6] 1 is a microtopography diagram of a perovskite light-absorbing layer formed in Comparative Example 1. In the drawings, the drawings are not drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0040] The following describes in more detail the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings and examples. The detailed description of the embodiments and the drawings are for illustrative purposes only to explain the principles of the present application, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, i.e., the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be explained that, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more, and the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "inside," and "outside" are merely for the convenience and simplification of the description of this application and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation or be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and should not be understood as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. "Perpendicular" does not mean strictly perpendicular, but has a margin of error. "Parallel" does not mean strictly parallel, but has a margin of error.

[0042] All directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the drawings and do not limit the specific structure of the present application. It should be further explained that in the description of the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined or limited, the terms "attached," "connected," and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, or may be a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] Currently, there is technology to replace lead with tin, a related element in the lead family, to form tin-based perovskite batteries. The resulting tin-based perovskite batteries have lower exciton binding energy, higher light absorption coefficients, and higher carrier mobility rates than lead-based perovskite batteries, and are considered to be the next generation of non-toxic / low-toxic commercial perovskite batteries.

[0044] However, in addition to the above advantages, tin-based perovskite batteries also have some intrinsic defects that deteriorate their properties. For example, the theoretical valence state of tin in tin-based perovskite is divalent (i.e., Sn 2+ ), but Sn 2+ is Sn 4+ The tin-based perovskite film is easily oxidized, which causes serious self-p-doping and generates a large number of tin holes, significantly weakening the stability of the tin-based perovskite. Furthermore, the reaction rate between tin and organic components is too fast, making it difficult to control the crystal quality of the tin-based perovskite film. This results in more defects and poor quality in the resulting tin-based perovskite film, which significantly affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the resulting tin-based perovskite cell.

[0045] Replacing some of the lead elements in lead-based perovskite materials with tin elements to form perovskite batteries is an effective development direction that can reduce the pollution of lead-based perovskite batteries while ensuring that the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the formed perovskite batteries remain relatively high.

[0046] However, although perovskite batteries show good application potential, there are still many problems and challenges. First, in lead-tin mixed perovskite, Sn 2+ is Sn 4+ Intrinsic defects still exist, such as being easily oxidized by the addition of tin, which still have a significant impact on the stability of the tin-based perovskite. Secondly, tin-hole defects caused by the introduction of tin still exist, making the formed lead-tin mixed perovskite prone to exhibit conductive properties. Furthermore, the reaction rate between tin and the organic component is very fast, resulting in relatively poor crystal quality of the formed tin-based perovskite component, causing defects such as wrinkles and holes. These defects are prone to become active sites for charge recombination, charge trapping, and charge leakage, thereby deteriorating the overall performance of the formed perovskite battery. Furthermore, the crystallization rate difference between the tin-based perovskite component and the lead-based perovskite component is relatively large, which is likely to cause uneven crystal grain distribution between the tin-based perovskite and the lead-based perovskite, thereby deteriorating the quality of the formed lead-tin mixed perovskite film and further affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the formed perovskite battery.

[0047] Additive engineering can effectively influence the crystallization process and film formation quality of perovskite films, and passivate various defects that may exist during the perovskite film formation process, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite cells, providing a simple and efficient means of improving the performance of perovskite cells.

[0048] From the above, the present application addresses the problems present in perovskite batteries by introducing an organic additive in the process of forming a lead-tin mixed perovskite light absorption layer.2+ is Sn 4+ The photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite cells are improved by suppressing problems such as intrinsic defects that cause the perovskite to be easily oxidized, tin hole defects caused by the introduction of tin, crystal defects in the tin-based perovskite component, and uneven distribution of crystal grains in the tin-lead-based perovskite component.

[0049] Furthermore, the present application [ka] The present invention provides a small molecule organic additive containing one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of:

[0050] The technical solutions described in the examples of this application are applicable to perovskite cells, light-absorbing layers, manufacturing methods, and power-consuming devices. The perovskite cells disclosed in this application may be used in perovskite stacked solar cells or silicon-perovskite stacked solar cells, and are not limited thereto.

[0051] The present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0052] According to a first aspect, the present application provides a precursor, which is used in the manufacture of a perovskite light absorbing layer, a perovskite precursor liquid; and an organic additive added to the perovskite precursor liquid; Here, the organic additive is [ka] The functional group may include one or more of the following:

[0053] In this application, a "precursor" refers to a precursor product for obtaining a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The "perovskite light-absorbing layer" is the core component of a perovskite cell, absorbing photon energy from sunlight, generating electron-hole pairs, and separating the electron-hole pairs into free electrons and holes through the action of a built-in electric field. The holes are collected by the conductive substrate via the hole transport layer, and the electrons are collected by the metal electrode. The conductive substrate and the metal electrode are connected to a circuit to generate photocurrent. The "perovskite precursor solution" refers to a precursor raw material for forming a perovskite material. The "organic additive" is added to the perovskite precursor solution to react with some components in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor and passivate defects during the perovskite formation process. [ka] represents a carboxyl group, [ka] represents a hydroxy group, [ka] represents an amino group.

[0054] In one or more embodiments of the present application, an organic additive containing one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, and an amino group is added to the perovskite precursor liquid, thereby suppressing problems such as crystal defects and uneven distribution of crystal grains of the perovskite component during the process of the perovskite precursor liquid forming the perovskite, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0055] In some embodiments, the perovskite precursor comprises a lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor.

[0056] In this application, "lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor liquid" refers to a precursor material that forms a lead-tin mixed perovskite material.

[0057] In one or more embodiments of the present application, an organic additive containing one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, and an amino group is added to a lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor solution to form Sn 2+ is Sn 4+ This suppresses problems such as intrinsic defects that cause the perovskite to be easily oxidized, tin hole defects caused by the introduction of tin, crystal defects in the tin-based perovskite component, and uneven crystal grain distribution in the tin-lead-based perovskite component, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite cells.

[0058] Specifically, the organic additive containing one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups strongly interacts with the tin-based component in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor, suppressing impurities in the intermediate phase and reducing the crystal growth rate, ultimately resulting in a hole- and wrinkle-free lead-tin mixed perovskite light-absorbing layer and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0059] In some embodiments, the organic additive is: [ka] and two functional groups, or [ka] The precursor according to this embodiment may be optionally combined with the precursor according to any one of the previous embodiments.

[0060] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the organic additive is [ka] and two functional groups or [ka] and , thereby improving the degree of bonding and / or coordination between the organic additive and the tin-based component in the perovskite precursor solution, slowing down the crystallization process of the lead-tin mixed perovskite and / or passivating defects, and forming a high-quality perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0061] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] Including, Here, R includes at least one of H, CH3, and C2H5. The precursor according to this embodiment may be arbitrarily combined with the precursor according to any one of the previous embodiments.

[0062] In one or more embodiments of the present application, a chain-structured organic additive is provided, which is added to the perovskite precursor liquid to improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer. Specifically, the organic additive in one or more embodiments of the present application is an organic small molecule amine, which can strongly interact with the tin-based component in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor, slowing down the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite component.

[0063] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] Includes one or more of the following.

[0064] One or more embodiments of the present application provide several preferred organic small molecule additives to improve the quality of perovskite light-absorbing layers. Specifically, the several organic additives according to one or more embodiments of the present application are all isomers of C4H9O2N and all have a chain configuration, where No. 1 contains a terminal amino group, Nos. 2 and 3 are chiral isomers, and No. 4 contains a terminal carboxyl group.

[0065] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] where R' comprises NH2 or OH. The precursor according to this example may be optionally combined with precursors according to the previous three examples.

[0066] In one or more embodiments of the present application, a cyclic organic additive is provided, which is added to a perovskite precursor solution to improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer. Specifically, the organic additive in one or more embodiments of the present application is a small organic amine or small organic hydroxy ester arranged in a heterocyclic ring, and the strong interaction between the amino group or hydroxy group of the organic additive and the tin-based component in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor slows down the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite component.

[0067] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] Includes one or more of the following.

[0068] One or more embodiments of the present application provide multiple organic small molecule additives to improve the quality of perovskite light-absorbing layers. Specifically, the multiple organic additives according to one or more embodiments of the present application all have an oxygen-containing five-membered heterocycle and are aliphatic, where number 5 contains an amino group, and numbers 6 and 7 both contain hydroxyl groups and are chiral isomers.

[0069] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] The precursor according to this embodiment may optionally be combined with a precursor according to the fourth or sixth embodiment.

[0070] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the organic additives may be used to 2+ is Sn 4+ The oxidation of tin reduces the occurrence of tin hole defects, slows down the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite components, improves the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer, and enhances the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite cells.

[0071] In some embodiments, the organic additive has the structural formula: [ka] The precursor according to this embodiment may optionally be combined with a precursor according to the fourth or sixth embodiment.

[0072] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned organic additives further improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer, and significantly enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0073] In some embodiments, the molar amount of the organic additive is 0.1%-10% of the molar amount of the perovskite precursor solution. The precursor according to this embodiment may be optionally combined with the precursor according to any one of the previous embodiments.

[0074] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the molar amount of any one of the organic additives that can improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer relative to the molar amount of the perovskite precursor solution is within the scope of protection of the present application. In one or more embodiments, the molar amount of the organic additive is within the range of 0.1% to 10% of the molar amount of the perovskite precursor solution, and the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer has relatively high quality, effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0075] For example, the molar amount of the organic additive may be 0.1%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 3%, 4%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% of the molar amount of the perovskite precursor liquid, and may be reasonably set as needed.

[0076] Second aspect: A perovskite light-absorbing layer, produced by any one of the precursors according to the first aspect.

[0077] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the precursor according to the first aspect is used to produce and form titanite light-absorbing layers with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability, thereby improving the service life and future applications of perovskite cells containing them.

[0078] In some embodiments, the perovskite absorber layer material is Cs (0~0.05) FA (0.8~0.95) MA (0~0.10) Pb (0.5~1.0) Sn (0.3~0.6) It is I3.

[0079] In one or more embodiments of the present application, Cs (0~0.05) FA (0.8~0.95) MA (0~0.10) Pb (0.5~1.0) Sn (0.3~0.6) I3 represents a specific lead-tin mixed perovskite material, where Cs represents elemental cesium, FA represents formamidine, MA represents methylamine, Pb represents elemental lead, Sn represents elemental tin, and I represents elemental iodine.

[0080] In this embodiment, Cs (0~0.05) FA (0.8~0.95) MA (0~0.10) PbI (2.0~2.7) Br (0.3~1.0) The precursor liquid of + , Cs + (including when no formamidine is added), + ), methylammonium (MA + ), divalent metal cations (Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ ), halide anions (I - )

[0081] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the provided organic additive is added to the perovskite precursor solution to strongly interact with the tin-based component therein, suppressing impurities in the intermediate phase, reducing the crystal growth rate, and obtaining a perovskite light-absorbing layer without holes or wrinkles, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0082] In some embodiments, the perovskite absorber layer material is Cs 0.05 FA 0.90 MA 0.05 Pb 0.6 Sn 0.4 The perovskite light absorption layer according to this embodiment may be arbitrarily combined with any one of the perovskite light absorption layers according to the previous embodiments.

[0083] In one or more embodiments of the present application, a perovskite battery is formed using a lead-tin mixed perovskite with a specific Sn doping amount, which reduces the contamination of lead-based perovskite batteries, reduces intrinsic defects, improves film quality, and ensures that the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the formed perovskite battery are maintained at a relatively high level. 0.05 FA 0.90 MA 0.05 Pb 0.6 Sn 0.4 During the formation of I3, the organic additive of the present application is added to further enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell of the present application.

[0084] According to a third aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a perovskite light absorber layer, the method comprising coating a surface of an embedding interface with any one precursor according to the first aspect and annealing the resulting product to form a perovskite light absorber layer.

[0085] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the "buried interface" refers to a support structure for forming a perovskite light-absorbing layer. In one or more embodiments of the present application, the buried interface may be an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer. "Annealing" refers to a heat treatment process in which a material is exposed to a high temperature for a certain period of time and then slowly cooled. In some embodiments, the process parameters for the annealing treatment in one or more embodiments of the present application are a temperature of 100°C to 150°C and a heat treatment time of 10 minutes to 30 minutes.

[0086] In one or more embodiments of the present application, a method for manufacturing a perovskite light absorber layer is provided, whereby any one precursor according to the first aspect is allowed to form a perovskite light absorber layer with good quality and stability.

[0087] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, Figure 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to the present application, Figure 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to the present application, and Figure 3 is a third structural schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to the present application.

[0088] According to a fourth aspect, the present application provides a perovskite cell 100, and referring to FIG. 1 , it comprises a perovskite absorber layer 30, the perovskite absorber layer 30 comprising the perovskite absorber layer 30 according to the second aspect or the perovskite absorber layer 30 manufactured by employing the method according to the third aspect.

[0089] In one or more embodiments of the present application, "perovskite cell 100" refers to a perovskite cell that uses a lead-tin mixed perovskite-containing material as the light absorber layer material.

[0090] One or more embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite cell 100 including a perovskite light absorption layer 30 according to the second aspect or a perovskite light absorption layer 30 manufactured using the method according to the third aspect, which is advantageous for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100 and enhancing the application prospects and commercial value of the perovskite cell 100.

[0091] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell 100 includes, in sequential order, a conductive substrate 10, a first transport layer 20, a perovskite light absorber layer 30, a second transport layer 40, and a metal electrode 50. One of the first transport layer 20 and the second transport layer 40 is a hole transport layer HTL, and the other is an electron transport layer ETL.

[0092] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the "conductive substrate 10" represents an electrode with high conductivity and high visible light transmittance as one output terminal of the perovskite battery 100, such as ITO conductive glass or FTO conductive glass. The "first transport layer 20" and "second transport layer 40" represent structural layers that transport electrons or holes generated by photon excitation in the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30. The "hole transport layer HTL" is an important component of the perovskite battery 100, and its main function is to collect and transport holes and achieve effective electron-hole separation. The "electron transport layer ETL," also known as the electron collecting layer, plays an important role in transporting electrons and preventing the recombination of electrons and holes. The "metal electrode 50" represents another output terminal of the perovskite battery 100, an electrode made of a metal material that requires high conductivity and stability.

[0093] In one or more embodiments of the present application, referring to FIG. 2 , when the first transport layer 20 is an electron transport layer ETL and the second transport layer 40 is a hole transport layer HTL, the perovskite cell 100 comprising them is a positive-type device.

[0094] In one or more embodiments of the present application, referring to FIG. 3 , when the first transport layer 20 is a hole transport layer HTL and the second transport layer 40 is an electron transport layer ETL, the perovskite cell 100 including them is negative-type.

[0095] According to a fifth aspect, the present application provides a power consuming device, the power consuming device comprising a perovskite battery 100 according to the fourth aspect.

[0096] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the perovskite battery 100 may serve as a power source for the power consuming device, or may serve as an energy storage unit for the power consuming device. Exemplarily, the power consuming device may be a lighting device, a display device, a car, etc.

[0097] The present application provides organic additives Nos. 1 to 9 for manufacturing the corresponding perovskite battery 100, and the chemical structural formulas of the organic additives Nos. 1 to 9 are as shown in Table 1.

[0098] [Table 1]

[0099] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing the perovskite battery 100 shown in FIG. 3, which includes the following steps:

[0100] (1) The conductive substrate 10 is cleaned, and a first transport layer 20 having a thickness of 30 nm is formed on the surface of the cleaned conductive substrate 10 by magnetron sputtering. The first transport layer 20 in this example is a hole transport layer HTL.

[0101] (2) The organic additive No. 1 was added to a lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor solution to form Cs0.05FA0.90MA0.05Pb0.6Sn0.4I3. In this example, the concentration of the perovskite precursor solution was 1.3 M, and the molar amount of the organic additive No. 1 was 5% of the molar amount of the perovskite precursor solution. The perovskite precursor solution containing the organic additive No. 1 was spin-coated onto the surface of the first transport layer 20 and annealed at 120°C for 30 minutes to form a 450 nm thick perovskite absorption layer 30.

[0102] (3) PCBM (fullerene) and BCP (bathocuproine, a hole-blocking material) were spin-coated on the surface of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 to form an electron transport layer ETL having a thickness of 30 nm as the second transport layer 40.

[0103] (4) On the surface of second transport layer 40 away from conductive substrate 10, a 100 nm thick silver metal electrode was thermally evaporated as metal electrode 50.

[0104] The microtopography of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 formed in this example is shown in FIG. 4. The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 formed in this example has a smooth and complete surface, without wrinkles or holes, and relatively few impurities.

[0105] Example 2 The manufacturing method of the perovskite battery 100 according to this embodiment differs from that of Example 1 in the following points: (2) The organic additive used is the second one.

[0106] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0107] Example 3 The manufacturing method of the perovskite battery 100 according to this embodiment differs from that of Example 1 in the following points: (2) The organic additive used was number 3.

[0108] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0109] The microtopography of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 formed in this example is shown in Figure 5. As can be seen from Figure 5, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 formed in this example has a rough surface, many small particles, and obvious wrinkles, but there are relatively few holes, and the film still has overall integrity.

[0110] Example 4 The manufacturing method of the perovskite battery 100 according to this embodiment differs from that of Example 1 in the following points: (2) The organic additive used was number 4.

[0111] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0112] Example 5 The manufacturing method of the perovskite battery 100 according to this embodiment differs from that of Example 1 in the following points: (2) The organic additive used is number 5.

[0113] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0114] Example 6 The manufacturing method of the perovskite battery 100 according to this embodiment differs from that of Example 1 in the following points: (2) The organic additive used is number 6.

[0115] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0116] Example 7 The manufacturing method of the perovskite battery 100 according to this embodiment differs from that of Example 1 in the following points: (2) The organic additive used is number 7.

[0117] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0118] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery 100, and the differences from Example 1 are as follows: (2) The organic additive used is number 8.

[0119] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0120] The microtopography of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 formed in this comparative example is shown in Figure 6. As can be seen from Figure 6, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 formed in this example had a rough surface, many holes, and obvious wrinkles, and the film integrity was relatively poor.

[0121] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery 100, and the differences from Example 1 are as follows: (2) The organic additive used is number 9.

[0122] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0123] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery 100, and the differences from Example 1 are as follows: (2) No organic additives were added.

[0124] The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0125] Experimental example The perovskite cells 100 produced in Examples 1 to 7 were tested for photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0126] In this experimental example, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell 100 was tested in accordance with the IEC 61215 standard. The stability was obtained from the rate of change in photoelectric conversion efficiency after aging at 85°C for 72 hours.

[0127] [Table 2]

[0128] The following conclusions were drawn from the test results in Table 2.

[0129] A comparison of the test results between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shows that the amino functional group in the organic additive has a greater impact on the performance of the perovskite battery 100 than the carboxyl functional group, and the carbon chain linked to the amino functional group in the organic additive must not exceed a certain range, otherwise it will deteriorate the performance of the perovskite battery 100. This may be because, when the carbon chain linked to the amino functional group in the organic additive exceeds a certain range, it becomes difficult to suppress the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite component, resulting in crystal defects in the tin-based perovskite component and uneven crystal grain distribution in the tin-lead-based perovskite component, which may deteriorate the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery 100.

[0130] Comparison of the test results between Example 4 and Comparative Example 2, Example 2 and Example 3, Example 6 and Example 7, and Example 4 and Example 9 shows that the chiral configuration of the organic additive directly affected the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100. This may be because the chiral isomer affects the bonding state between the organic additive and the tin-based component in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor, affecting the effect of the organic additive on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30, and further affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100.

[0131] As can be seen from the comparison of the test results of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 3, the addition of organic additives 1 to 7 during the manufacturing process of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 improved both the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100 to a certain extent. This may be because the addition of organic additives 1 to 7 strongly interacts with the tin-based components in the lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor, suppresses impurities in the intermediate phase, reduces the crystal growth rate, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100.

[0132] A comparison of the test results of Examples 3, 5, and 6 shows that the addition of organic additives 3, 5, and 6 during the manufacturing process of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 slightly improved the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100. This may be because the addition of organic additives 3, 5, and 6 oxidizes Sn2+ to Sn4+, reducing the occurrence of tin hole defects and slowing the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite component, thereby improving the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer 30.

[0133] As can be seen from a comparison of the test results of Examples 1, 2, 4, and 7, the addition of organic additive No. 1, 2, 4, or 7 during the manufacturing process of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 significantly increased both the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100. This may be because the addition of organic additive No. 1, 2, 4, or 7 can further improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer 30, thereby significantly increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100.

[0134] Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and equivalents may be substituted for the components therein without departing from the scope of the present application. In particular, the technical features recited in each embodiment may be combined in any manner unless there is a structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0135] 100 Perovskite Batteries 10 Conductive substrate 20 First Transport Layer 30 Perovskite absorber layer 40 Second Transport Layer 50 metal electrodes.

Claims

1. A precursor used in the manufacture of a perovskite light absorbing layer, comprising: A perovskite precursor liquid and an organic additive added to the perovskite precursor liquid, Here, the organic additive is 【Chemistry 1】 A precursor comprising one or more functional groups of

2. 10. The precursor of claim 1, wherein the perovskite precursor comprises a lead-tin mixed perovskite precursor.

3. The organic additive is 【Chemistry 2】 and two functional groups, or 【Transformation 3】 The precursor of claim 1 , comprising two functional groups:

4. The structural formula of the organic additive is: 【Chemistry 4】 Including, where R is H, CH ３ , C ２ H ５ The precursor of claim 1 , comprising at least one of:

5. The structural formula of the organic additive is: 【Transformation 5】 5. The precursor of claim 4, comprising one or more of:

6. The structural formula of the organic additive is: 【Transformation 6】 where R' is NH ２ or OH.

7. The structural formula of the organic additive is: 【Transformation 7】 7. The precursor of claim 6, comprising one or more of:

8. The structural formula of the organic additive is: 【Transformation 8】 7. The precursor of claim 4 or 6, comprising one or more of:

9. The structural formula of the organic additive is: 【Chemistry 9】 7. The precursor of claim 4 or 6, comprising one or more of:

10. 2. The precursor of claim 1, wherein the molar amount of the organic additive is 0.1% to 10% of the molar amount of the perovskite precursor liquid.

11. A perovskite light-absorbing layer produced by the precursor of claim 1.

12. The material of the perovskite light absorption layer is Cs （０～０．０５） FA （０．８～０．９５） MA （０～０．１０） Pb （０．５～１．０） Sn （０．３～０．６） I ３ 12. The perovskite light-absorbing layer of claim 11, wherein

13. The material of the perovskite light absorption layer is Cs ０．０５ FA ０．９０ MA ０．０５ Pb ０．６ Sn ０．４ I ３ 12. The perovskite light-absorbing layer of claim 11, wherein

14. 10. A method for producing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, comprising coating the precursor of claim 1 onto a surface of an embedded interface and annealing the resulting product to form a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

15. A perovskite battery, comprising a perovskite light-absorbing layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer comprising the perovskite light-absorbing layer according to claim 11 or the perovskite light-absorbing layer manufactured by employing the method according to claim 14.

16. 16. An electrical power consuming device comprising the perovskite battery of claim 15.

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