Anti-wrinkle skin care compositions comprising stable and homogeneous aqueous suspensions of biopolymers - Patent Application 20070122997

Abstract

Described herein is a skin care composition having beneficial skin properties, including the appearance of smoothing fine lines and / or wrinkles. The composition is formulated for dermatologically safe application to human skin and includes (i) biopolymer molecules mechanically processed into a stable and uniform aqueous suspension, and (ii) at least one of moisturizers, emollients, occlusive agents, ceramides, emulsifiers, thickeners, preservatives, antioxidants, fragrances, functional ingredients, UVB filters, UVA filters, and broad-spectrum filters. The stable and uniform aqueous suspension includes insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymer particles stably dispersed in a polar solvent. In contrast to existing compositions, the stably dispersed biopolymer molecules of the present invention are not obtained by solubilization in an acidic or basic solution.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 485,000, filed February 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein.

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of cosmetics, and more particularly to skin care compositions having beneficial skin properties, including smoothing the appearance of fine lines and / or wrinkles. [Background technology]

[0003] The cosmetics industry is constantly searching for new natural, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic ingredients. The cosmetics industry is also constantly searching for compositions that have properties that are beneficial to human skin.

[0004] Natural polymers, or biopolymers, are abundant, natural, and renewable polymers that are attractive resources for the cosmetics industry. However, the most abundant biopolymers, such as cellulose and chitin, are insoluble, and therefore their use is fraught with limitations and difficulties. Advantageously, the applicant has disclosed in WO 2022 / 137184 a new stable and uniform biopolymer suspension that may find many applications in the cosmetics industry. International Application No. PCT / IB2023 / 056723, filed June 29, 2023, also owned by the present applicant, discloses a cosmetic formulation containing a biopolymer.

[0005] Nevertheless, there remains a need for compositions that exhibit beneficial skin care properties, including protecting the skin, smoothing the appearance of fine lines and / or wrinkles, lightening age spots, regenerating the skin, and the like.

[0006] The present invention addresses these and other needs as will become apparent from the following disclosure and description of the features of the invention. Summary of the Invention

[0007] According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a skin care composition for application to human skin, comprising biopolymer molecules mechanically processed into a stable and uniform aqueous suspension, said stable and uniform aqueous suspension comprising insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymer particles stably dispersed within a polar solvent.

[0008] According to one particular aspect, the present invention relates to a skin care composition comprising: (i) biopolymer molecules mechanically processed into a stable and uniform aqueous suspension, the stable and uniform aqueous suspension comprising insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymer particles stably dispersed in a polar solvent; and (ii) at least one of a humectant, an emollient, an occlusive agent, a ceramide, an emulsifier, a thickener, a preservative, an antioxidant, a fragrance, a functional ingredient, a UVB filter, a UVA filter, and a broad spectrum filter, the skin care composition being formulated for dermatologically safe application to human skin.

[0009] According to another aspect, the present invention provides a skin care composition for application to human skin, comprising biopolymer-insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymer molecules mechanically processed into a stable and uniform aqueous suspension; i. smoothing the appearance of fine lines and / or wrinkles and / or reducing the presence of fine lines and / or wrinkles; ii. improving the appearance of dark circles under the eyes and facial wrinkles; iii. Skin protection; iv. Whitening of age spots, v. Mattifying the skin vi. Skin renewal and / or rejuvenation; vii. Skin repair and / or healing; viii. Densifying the skin and / or improving one or more mechanical properties of the skin; ix. Improved skin suppleness; x. forming a protective film on the skin, e.g., a long-lasting protective film that lasts for at least 24 hours, at least 1 week, or at least 10 days; xi. Formation of a film on the skin that feels almost dry to the touch; xii. The onset of cold sensation on the skin xiii. hydrating and / or moisturizing the skin; xiv. Preventing moisture evaporation from the skin, xv. Improved skin barrier integrity, xvi. reducing transepidermal water loss and / or improving skin hydration; and xvii. Non-comedogenic The present invention relates to a skin care composition that provides at least one skin care benefit selected from the group consisting of:

[0010] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of protecting the skin comprising applying to the skin a skin care composition as defined herein.

[0011] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for treating skin wrinkles, comprising applying a composition as defined herein to the skin surface of a human subject in need thereof.

[0012] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a composition as defined herein for at least one of preventing the appearance of skin wrinkles and removing skin wrinkles.

[0013] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a composition as defined herein in the manufacture of a cosmetic skin care product.

[0014] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a skin care kit comprising two-part formulations activated by combining two parts, at least one of the two-part formulations comprising a skin care composition as defined herein.

[0015] Further aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent from a reading of the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments, which are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0016] In order that the invention may be readily understood, embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the application method and pattern in the test of Example 2.

[0018] [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the samples in the jars tested according to Example 2.

[0019] [Figure 3-1] Figure 3 is a table showing the visual and sensory scoring of Samples 1-3 tested on skin according to Example 2. Scores range from 1 to 10, with a score of 1 being the worst and a score of 10 being the best. [Figure 3-2] As described for Figure 3-1. [Figure 3-3] As described for Figure 3-1. [Figure 3-4] As described for Figure 3-1. [Figure 3-5] As described for Figure 3-1.

[0020] [Figure 4-1] Figure 4 is a table showing the visual and sensory scoring of Samples 4-6 tested on skin according to Example 2. Scores range from 1 to 10, with a score of 1 being the worst and a score of 10 being the best. [Figure 4-2] As described for Figure 4-1. [Figure 4-3] As described for Figure 4-1. [Figure 4-4] As described for Figure 4-1. [Figure 4-5] As described for Figure 4-1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Further details of the present invention and its advantages will become apparent from the detailed description set forth below.

[0022] In the following description of the embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate examples of embodiments of the present invention. It will be understood that other embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosed invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0023] overview In WO 2022 / 137184 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), applicants describe the preparation of stable and homogeneous suspensions of insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymers. In International Application No. PCT / IB2023 / 056723, filed June 29, 2023 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), applicants describe cosmetic formulations comprising biopolymers.

[0024] The present invention generally relates to the use of such suspensions and / or formulations in the manufacture of "skin care compositions" or "skin care formulations" (both terms used interchangeably herein) for use on human skin. Certain embodiments relate to new protective and / or skin care compositions that exhibit beneficial skin care properties, including, but not limited to, protecting the skin, smoothing fine lines and / or wrinkles, lightening age spots, regenerating the skin, and the like.

[0025] biopolymers The skin care composition according to the present invention requires at least a biopolymer. As used herein, the term "biopolymer" refers to a natural polymer produced by the cells of an organism. A biopolymer is composed of monomer units covalently linked to form larger molecules. The present invention encompasses polypeptide biopolymers, polysaccharide biopolymers, and polynucleotide biopolymers. Other examples of biopolymers include natural rubber (a polymer of isoprene), suberin and lignin (complex polyphenol polymers), cutin and cutan (complex polymers of long-chain fatty acids), and melanin. In some embodiments, the biopolymer used as the starting material and obtained in suspension is substantially pure, i.e., the biopolymer consists solely of purified natural polymers.

[0026] Preferably, the biopolymers used in skin care formulations are substantially free of chemical residues, and any such chemical residues are not present or are present in undetectable or trace amounts. Preferably, the biopolymers are substantially free of chemical residues, and any such chemical residues are not present or are present in undetectable or trace amounts. As used herein, "substantially free of chemical residues" means that chemical compounds such as acids, bases, reactive chemicals, organic and / or inorganic salts, surfactants, dispersants (e.g., Tween 80™), silanizing reagents, acrylamide, etc. are not present at all in the final composition or final suspension, or are present only in undetectable or trace amounts. In some embodiments, the biopolymer constitutes at least 98% by weight, or at least 99% by weight, or at least 99.9% by weight, or at least 99.99% by weight of the organic compounds in the biopolymer composition or suspension, i.e., the biopolymer composition or suspension contains less than 2% by weight, or less than 1% by weight, or less than 0.1% by weight, or less than 0.01% by weight, or less than 0.001% by weight of organic components other than the biopolymer or its degradation products. In some embodiments, the skin care composition according to the present invention comprises biopolymer molecules that have been mechanically processed into a stable and homogeneous aqueous suspension in the absence of chemical compounds, such as acids, bases, or other chemicals, typically used for solubilizing and / or mechanically processing biopolymers. In other words, the skin care composition according to the present invention comprises stably dispersed biopolymer molecules that have not been obtained by solubilization in an acidic solution (e.g., pH<5.5, acetic acid) or a basic solution (e.g., pH>8.5, NaOH). In other embodiments, the skin care compositions according to the present invention comprise stably dispersed biopolymer molecules that have not been solubilized by chemical modification, such as carboxylation and / or alkylation. According to the present invention, the biopolymer may be water-insoluble or semi-soluble. As used herein, the term "insoluble biopolymer" refers to a biopolymer that is "insoluble" in polar solvents (especially water), and encompasses equivalent terms such as "water-insoluble," "water-insoluble," "water-insoluble," or "insoluble."Insolubility can typically be observed by separation, i.e., the formation of two distinct phases in an aqueous mixture, such as a biopolymer precipitate / sediment at the bottom of the aqueous mixture or a floater at the top of the aqueous mixture. According to the present invention, examples of insoluble biopolymers include, but are not limited to, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, amylose, actin, fibrin, collagen, silk, fibroin, keratin, wool, alginic acid, and mixtures thereof. As used herein, the term "semi-soluble biopolymer" refers to a biopolymer that can be solubilized in a polar solvent such as water under certain conditions (e.g., molecular weight, heat, addition of chemicals such as acid, alcohol, or surfactant). According to the present invention, examples of semi-soluble biopolymers include, but are not limited to, gelatin, pectin, starch, amylopectin, agarose, hyaluronic acid, RNA, DNA, xanthan gum, latex, polymannan, suberin, cutin, cutan, and mixtures thereof.

[0027] In some embodiments, the insoluble biopolymer is selected from chitin, chitosan, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, amylose, actin, fibrin, collagen, silk, fibroin, keratin, wool, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the semi-soluble biopolymer is selected from gelatin, pectin, starch, amylopectin, agarose, alginic acid, alginate, hyaluronic acid, RNA, DNA, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, latex, polymannan, suberin, cutin, cutan, and mixtures thereof.

[0028] Various biopolymer sources may be used, and the present invention is not limited to a particular source. For example, suitable sources of chitin may include, but are not limited to, green plants, algae, and fungi. Suitable sources of chitin and chitosan may include, but are not limited to, fungi, crustaceans (e.g., crabs and shrimp), and insects. In some embodiments, insoluble or semi-soluble biopolymers are obtained from fungi and mushrooms. In some embodiments, insoluble or semi-soluble biopolymers are obtained from plant materials, including, but not limited to, roots, tubers, leaves, petals, seeds, fruits, etc. Preferred sources are non-animal-derived.

[0029] In some embodiments, the biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of SunSpheres Bio™ (microcrystalline cellulose, Dow Chemical), Chemjac™ (amorphophallus konjac root extract and xanthan gum, Chemspire), Kelset™ (sodium alginate, Dupont), Instant Pure-Flo F™ (corn starch, Ingredion), Gelcarin™, and others. GP 379 (iota-type carrageenan, Dupont), Betafib™ MCF (cellulose and aqueous microfibrillated cellulose, Cosun Biobased Products), Betafib™ ETD (cellulose and cellulose gum-microfibrillated cellulose, Cosun Biobased Products), Exilva™ FM02-V,L (cellulose-microfibrillated cellulose, Borregard), Naturesoft™ 800 (fine powder cellulose), Kelcogel™ CG-HA (gellan gum, CP, Kelco), agar and agarose, mushroom chitosan (e.g., GBS003, Qingdao Chibio Biotech), fungal chitosan (e.g., GBS010, Qingdao Chibio Biotech or Kraeber & Co., Ltd.), Co.), and fungal-derived chitosan (e.g., Kiosmetine-CS™, Kitozyme).

[0030] In certain embodiments, the biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of Natrathix™ bio cellulose (cellulose gum, Ashland), Aquasorb™ A500 (cellulose gum, Ashland), Polysurf™ CS 67 / Natrosol™ CS plus 330 (cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, Ashland), Structure XL™ (hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, Nouryon), CD-58 (chitosan succinimide, Onlystar Bio-Technology Ltd), carboxymethyl chitosan derivative (GBS010, Qingdao Chibio Biotech), Makimousse™ 7 / 400 (polyacrylate sodium starch, kobo products, Daito Kasei Kogyo), Salanjul / Sanfresh™ 1000 / 300sp (polyacrylate sodium starch, Iwase Cosfa USA Inc. / Sanyo), Antaron EcoT Naturally derived biopolymers such as ethylcellulose (Ashland).

[0031] In some embodiments, the biopolymer comprises a synergistic combination of biopolymers such as Chemjac™ (konjac root extract and xanthan gum, Chemspire), PemuPur™ start (microcrystalline cellulose, Sphingomonas ferment extract, and cellulose gum, (Lubrizol)), Nomcort CG (xanthan gum, locust bean (ceratonia siliqua) gum, Ikeda).

[0032] The biopolymer may further comprise other biopolymer active ingredients such as B-CAN™ 55% (oat beta-glucan, Adams Food Ingredients) and / or mushroom-derived beta-glucan.

[0033] The present invention encompasses mixtures of two, three, four, five, or more insoluble biopolymers, including, but not limited to, chitin and chitosan, chitin and cellulose, chitin and collagen, chitin and silk, chitosan and silk, chitosan and cellulose, chitosan and collagen, cellulose and collagen, cellulose and silk, collagen and silk, etc. The present invention further encompasses mixtures of two, three, four, five, or more semi-soluble biopolymers, including, but not limited to, agarose and DNA, xanthan gum and starch, latex and alginate, xanthan gum and DNA, guar gum and cutan, etc. Additionally, it may be envisioned to mix two, three, four, five, or more insoluble and semi-soluble biopolymers together, including, but not limited to, chitin and agarose, chitosan and agarose, chitin and gelatin, chitin and xanthan gum, chitosan and xanthan gum, chitin and sodium hyaluronate, chitosan and sodium hyaluronate, cellulose and sodium hyaluronate, chitin and agarose, chitosan and agarose, and cellulose and agarose.

[0034] The present invention further encompasses combinations of hydrophobically modified and unmodified biopolymers that are capable of forming stable and viscous oil-in-water emulsions when dispersed (with or without emulsifiers) by high shear processes and / or mechanical energy; examples of hydrophobically modified biopolymers include Natrosol™ CS Plus 330 / Polysurf™ CS 67 (cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, Ashland), StarDesign Ultra™ (starch sodium octenyl succinate, Cargill Beauty), Inutec™ SP1 (inulin lauryl carbamate, Beneo), and Texturlux Stabil™ (hydrolyzed corn starch hydroxyethyl ether, Primient).

[0035] In some embodiments, the biopolymer comprises a biopolymer composition comprising biopolymer molecules mechanically processed into a stable and uniform aqueous biopolymer suspension. As used herein, the term "uniform" generally refers to the appearance of the suspension to the naked eye (e.g., uniform color, uniform texture, etc.). The term "uniform" as used herein does not exclude the possibility that the suspension may be "heterogeneous" at the molecular level (e.g., various particle sizes, presence of aggregates, etc.). As used herein, the term "stable and uniform aqueous biopolymer suspension" or similar terms that may be used interchangeably herein, such as "uniform biopolymer suspension" or "stable biopolymer suspension" or simply "biopolymer suspension," all refer to a suspension of insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymer particles stably dispersed in a polar solvent. The polar solvent may be either a polar protic solvent or a polar aprotic solvent. The polar solvent may be an aqueous solvent. The insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymer particles present in the biopolymer suspension may be formed into fibers and / or aggregated spheres or aggregates. The stability of a biopolymer suspension can be assessed by any suitable means. In a preferred embodiment, stability is measured or observed by the lack of separation, i.e., one single phase rather than two distinct phases in the aqueous mixture, e.g., the presence of a biopolymer precipitate / sediment at the bottom of the aqueous mixture, or the absence of floaters at the top of the aqueous mixture. Preferably, biopolymer suspensions according to the present invention are stable (e.g., free from separation) for at least one day, at least one week, at least one month, at least one year, or longer.

[0036] Notwithstanding the above, those skilled in the art understand that insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymers are never truly soluble. Instead, insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymers become "swellable" and bind water, resulting in the biopolymer becoming a viscous suspension under the high shear conditions and / or mechanical energy to which they are exposed in accordance with the present invention. Thus, the present invention encompasses both "swellable biopolymers" and "non-swellable biopolymers," and non-swellable polymers can also become swellable under high shear and / or mechanical energy. As used herein, swellable biopolymers encompass biopolymers that absorb and bind water, thereby increasing their particle size and aqueous dispersion viscosity.

[0037] In some embodiments, biopolymers can be made swellable by wet ball milling, and can include, but are not limited to, chitin, chitosan, hemicellulose, and pregelatinized maize starch.

[0038] In some embodiments, biopolymers that can be swelled by high shear processes in addition to ball milling may include, but are not limited to, microcrystalline cellulose, microfibrillated cellulose, nanocellulose, hairy nanocellulose, konjac glucomannan, hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, high acyl gellan gum, gellan gum, carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (low ds), agar, and agarose.

[0039] It is also contemplated to use soluble biopolymers in accordance with the present invention, such as, but not limited to, xanthan gum, diutan gum, sodium alginate, sclerotium gum, and the like.

[0040] In some embodiments, skin care compositions according to the present invention have a pH of about 6.5 to about 8.5, or about 7 to about 8. In certain embodiments, the skin care composition comprises a chitosan suspension and has a pH of about 7.8 to about 8.1.

[0041] In some embodiments, the biopolymer molecules or particles that are part of the skin care composition have been mechanically processed to form a stable and uniform aqueous biopolymer suspension. In some embodiments, the mechanical processing involves high shear conditions and / or high mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the high shear conditions and / or high mechanical energy are achieved by processes including, but not limited to, mechanical shearing, shear thinning, planetary ball milling, roll milling, vibratory ball milling, tumbling ball milling, horizontal bead milling, and colloid milling. As described below, the high shear conditions and / or high mechanical energy can be carried out for a period of time, under parameters, under suitable conditions, etc., until a desired state change is achieved, such as, for example, a color change, a viscosity change, or a change from a slurry to a paste, ointment, cream, lotion, gel, or milk.

[0042] Without intending to be bound by theory, exposing biopolymers to high shear conditions and / or high mechanical energy achieves improvements in biopolymer performance not seen with conventional processes, including improved rheological properties such as viscosity, shear-thinning properties, and high yield values. Biopolymers dispersed by high shear processes using fatty alcohols may possess a crystalline lamellar gel network (LGN), which may synergistically increase the viscosity of the biopolymer dispersion. Oil and water biopolymer dispersions according to the present invention may also include Pickering emulsions, in which water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions are stabilized by biopolymers.

[0043] In certain embodiments, high shear conditions and / or high mechanical energy require the use of suitable equipment or machinery, including, but not limited to, ball mills (e.g., planetary ball mills, roll mills, vibratory ball mills, tumbling agitator ball mills, horizontal bead mills, colloid mills, magnetic mills), twin-screw extruders, high-pressure homogenizers, blade homogenizers, agitator homogenizers, dispersers, rotor-stator homogenizers, high-shear mixers, plowshare mixers, dynamic mixers, plow mixers, turbine mixers, speed mixers, attrition mills, sonicators (e.g., high-shear ultrasonic processes), tissue tearers, cell lysers, Polytrons, ribbon agitators, microfluidizers, high-pressure homogenizers, and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention utilizes ball milling under wet conditions. Specific examples of ball mills include, but are not limited to, a vertical planetary mill (e.g., Tencan XQM-2A™) with a 100 mL capacity zirconia jar and 10 mm diameter zirconia balls, a Flacktek™ speed mixer (DAC330-11SE) with a 40 mL zirconia jar with 5 mm diameter zirconia balls or zirconia rings, a 1.5 L Supermill Plus™ with 1.4-1.7 mm zirconia beads, and a Netzsch Labstar with 0.6-0.8 mm beads or 1.4-1.7 mm beads.

[0044] In certain embodiments, biopolymer compositions and suspensions according to the present invention are obtained by a particular preparation procedure referred to herein as the "10+1 Alt Method," which involves grinding the biopolymer for a period of time (e.g., 10 minutes), followed by a short pause (e.g., 1 minute), followed by grinding in the opposite direction for a period of time (e.g., 10 minutes), repeated for a total of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 5 hours, 10 hours, or 12 hours.

[0045] Advantageously, the viscosity of the composition / suspension can be adjusted by varying the high shear conditions and / or mechanical energy to which the biopolymer is exposed. These conditions can be adjusted to obtain a stable and uniform suspension with a desired viscosity (e.g., a stable and uniform colloidal suspension). Typically, applying more mechanical energy increases shear and correspondingly decreases the viscosity of the final product. The biopolymer itself and / or the final composition for drug delivery may be formulated as a paste, ointment, cream, lotion, gel, or milk.

[0046] In some embodiments, the biopolymer composition comprising biopolymers and / or biopolymer molecules or particles is a colloidal homogeneous biopolymer suspension. In some embodiments, the homogeneous colloidal suspension comprises colloids having a size range of about 1 nm to about 1 μm.

[0047] In some embodiments, biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymers and / or biopolymer molecules include biopolymer fibers. In some embodiments, the fibers have a width of about 1 nm to about 5 μm, about 5 nm to about 5 μm, about 7 nm to about 5 μm, about 10 nm to about 5 μm, about 20 nm to about 5 μm, about 25 nm to about 5 μm, about 30 nm to about 5 μm, about 35 nm to about 5 μm, or about 35 nm to about 3 μm. In some embodiments, the fibers have a width of at least 1 nm, at least 5 nm, at least 10 nm, at least 20 nm, at least 30 nm, at least 40 nm, at least 50 nm, at least 75 nm, at least 100 nm, at least 250 nm, at least 500 nm, at least 750 nm, at least 1 μm, at least 2 μm, at least 3 μm, at least 4 μm, at least 5 μm, or more.

[0048] In some embodiments, biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymer molecules include biopolymer fibers having lengths of about 1 nm to about 200 μm, about 10 nm to about 100 μm, about 50 nm to about 10 μm, about 100 nm to about 10 μm, about 500 nm to about 10 μm, about 750 nm to about 10 μm, about 800 nm to about 10 μm, about 900 nm to about 5 μm, about 1 μm to about 10 μm, about 1 μm to about 5 μm, or about 1 μm to about 3 μm. In some embodiments, the fibers have a length of at least 1 nm, at least 10 nm, at least 50 nm, at least 100 nm, at least 250 nm, at least 500 nm, at least 750 nm, at least 800 nm, at least 900 nm, at least 1 μm, at least 2 μm, at least 3 μm, at least 4 μm, at least 5 μm, at least 6 μm, at least 7 μm, at least 8 μm, at least 9 μm, at least 10 μm, at least 25 μm, at least 50 μm, at least 75 μm, at least 100 μm, at least 150 μm, at least 200 μm, or more. In some embodiments, the dry particle size range may be from about 1 nm to about 1 μm, or up to 10 μm, and the wet particle size range may be from about 200 nm to about 20 μm, or up to 200 μm.

[0049] In certain embodiments, biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymer molecules have (i) both a width greater than 20 nm (e.g., at least 25 nm, at least 40 nm, or at least 50 nm) and a length greater than 50 nm (e.g., at least 100 nm, at least 500 nm, at least 1 μm, or at least 2 μm), or (ii) a width greater than 32 nm (e.g., at least 35 nm, at least 40 nm, or at least 50 nm) and a length greater than 50 nm (e.g., at least 100 nm, at least 500 nm, at least 1 μm, or at least 2 μm). , at least 1 μm, or at least 2 μm), or (iii) both a width greater than 20 nm (e.g., at least 25 nm, at least 40 nm, or at least 50 nm) and a length greater than 500 nm (e.g., at least 600 nm, at least 750 nm, at least 1 μm, or at least 2 μm), or (iv) both a width greater than 30 nm (e.g., at least 35 nm, at least 40 nm, or at least 50 nm) and a length greater than 800 nm (e.g., at least 900 nm, at least 1 μm, or at least 2 μm), or (v) both a width greater than 8 nm (e.g., at least 10 nm, at least 25 nm, at least 35 nm, at least 40 nm, or at least 50 nm) and a length greater than 340 nm (e.g., at least 350 nm, at least 500 nm, at least 750 nm, at least 900 nm, at least 1 μm, or at least 2 μm), or (vi) a width greater than 11 nm (e.g., at least 15 nm, at least 25 nm, at least 35 nm, at least 40 nm, or at least 50 nm) and a length greater than 166 nm (e.g., at least (viii) both a width greater than 32 nm (e.g., at least 35 nm, at least 40 nm, or at least 50 nm) and a length greater than 800 nm (e.g., at least 900 nm, at least 1 μm, at least 2 μm, at least 3 μm, at least 4 μm, at least 5 μm, at least 6 μm, at least 7 μm, at least 8 μm, at least 9 μm, at least 10 μm,at least 25 μm, at least 50 μm, at least 75 μm, at least 100 μm, at least 150 μm, at least 200 μm, or more).

[0050] In some embodiments, the biopolymer composition comprising biopolymers and / or biopolymer molecules comprises biopolymer fibers, wherein the fibers in the composition have an average width and an average length as defined above, e.g., an average width of greater than 20 nm (e.g., at least 25 nm, at least 40 nm, or at least 50 nm) and an average length of greater than 50 nm (e.g., at least 60 nm, at least 75 nm, at least 100 nm, at least 500 nm, at least 750 nm, at least 1 μm, at least 2 μm, at least 3 μm, at least 4 μm, at least 5 μm, at least 6 μm, at least 7 μm, at least 8 μm, at least 9 μm, at least 10 μm, at least 25 μm, at least 50 μm, at least 75 μm, at least 100 μm, at least 150 μm, at least 200 μm, or more).

[0051] In some embodiments, the biopolymer suspension and / or biopolymer composition comprising the biopolymer molecules has a pH of about 6.5 to about 8.5. In certain embodiments, the biopolymer suspension is a chitosan suspension having a pH of about 7.8 to about 8.1.

[0052] In some embodiments, the biopolymer and / or biopolymer composition comprising biopolymer molecules comprises biopolymer fibers having both crystalline and amorphous regions. In some embodiments, the stable and uniform suspension comprises biopolymer fibers having a spherical shape. In some embodiments, the stable and uniform suspension consists primarily or exclusively of suspended biopolymer nanofibrils.

[0053] Those skilled in the art will recognize that particle size measurements can vary according to the measurement method and the state of the particles (e.g., particles in a wet state are typically larger than the same particles in a dry state). Typically, particles are in a wet or suspended state when measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and in a dry state when measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[0054] In some embodiments, the biopolymer and / or biopolymer composition comprising the biopolymer molecules comprises alginate aggregate spheres having a mean diameter of about 40 nm to about 80 nm, or about 45 nm to about 75 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In some embodiments, the stable and uniform suspension comprises alginate aggregate spheres having a median diameter of about 30 nm to about 70 nm, or about 35 nm to about 65 nm, and a mean diameter of about 40 nm to about 80 nm, or about 45 nm to about 75 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[0055] In some embodiments, biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymer molecules comprise aggregated cellulose spheres having a median diameter of about 50 nm to about 80 nm, about 55 nm to about 75 nm, about 40 nm to about 80 nm, or about 45 nm to about 75 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In some embodiments, stable and uniform biopolymer suspensions comprise aggregated cellulose spheres having a median diameter of about 35 nm to about 75 nm, or about 40 nm to about 65 nm, about 40 nm to about 80 nm, or about 45 nm to about 75 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[0056] In some embodiments, the biopolymer and / or biopolymer composition comprising biopolymer molecules comprises chitin aggregate spheres having a mean diameter of about 45 nm to about 85 nm, or about 50 nm to about 80 nm. In some embodiments, the stable and uniform biopolymer suspension comprises cellulose aggregate spheres having a median diameter of about 45 nm to about 80 nm, or about 50 nm to about 75 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[0057] In some embodiments, the biopolymer and / or biopolymer composition comprising the biopolymer molecules comprises agglomerated spheres of chitosan having a median diameter of about 75 nm to about 120 nm, about 80 nm to about 115 nm, or about 85 nm to about 110 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In some embodiments, the stable and uniform suspension comprises agglomerated spheres of chitosan having a median diameter of about 70 nm to about 100 nm, or about 75 nm to about 95 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[0058] In some embodiments, the biopolymer and / or biopolymer composition comprising biopolymer molecules comprises silk aggregates having a median diameter of about 40 nm to about 165 nm, or about 45 nm to about 160 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In some embodiments, the stable and uniform biopolymer suspension comprises silk aggregates having a median diameter of about 40 nm to about 150 nm, or about 45 nm to about 140 nm, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[0059] In one embodiment, the biopolymer and / or biopolymer composition comprising biopolymer molecules comprises particles of one or more of alginate, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, and silk, wherein the particle size ranges as measured by SEM are as specified in the tables and figures of WO 2022 / 137184.

[0060] In certain embodiments, the biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymer molecules are characterized by morphological characteristics as shown in the SEM images shown in the figures of WO 2022 / 137184.

[0061] In certain embodiments, biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymer molecules are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra as shown in the figures of WO 2022 / 137184.

[0062] In certain embodiments, biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymer molecules are characterized by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) characterization as shown in the figures of WO 2022 / 137184.

[0063] In certain embodiments, the biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising the biopolymer molecules are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns as shown in the figures of WO 2022 / 137184.

[0064] In certain embodiments, biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymer molecules are characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements as reported in WO 2022 / 137184.

[0065] In certain embodiments, the biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising the biopolymer molecules are characterized by a transmission spectrum as shown in the figures of WO 2022 / 137184.

[0066] In certain embodiments, biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising biopolymer molecules are characterized by a suspension sweep test as reported in WO 2022 / 137184.

[0067] In certain embodiments, the biopolymers and / or biopolymer compositions comprising the biopolymer molecules are characterized by rheological behavior as shown in the figures of WO 2022 / 137184.

[0068] In some embodiments, the biopolymer represents about 0.3% to about 10% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.3%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, about 1%, about 1.5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, about 3.5%, about 4%, about 4.5%, about 5%, about 5.5%, about 6%, about 6.5%, about 7%, about 7.5%, about 8%, about 8.5%, about 9%, about 9.5%, or about 10% by weight). Higher concentrations of biopolymer in the skin care composition are also contemplated by the present invention (e.g., about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, or about 15% by weight).

[0069] In some embodiments, the total amount of biopolymer and water in the skin care composition is nearly 100% by weight (e.g., about 99.9%, about 99.5%, about 99%, about 98.5%, about 98%, about 97.5%, about 97%, about 96.5%, about 96%, about 95.5%, or about 95% by weight). In some embodiments, the total amount of biopolymer and water in the skin care composition is 90% or more by weight (e.g., at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 95.5%, at least 96%, at least 96.5%, at least 97%, at least 97.5%, at least 98%, at least 98.5%, at least 99%, or at least 99.5% by weight). In some embodiments, the total amount of biopolymer and water in the skin care composition is 90% to 99%, 92% to 97%, or 93% to 96% by weight.

[0070] Skin Care Composition A particular aspect of the present invention relates to skin care compositions comprising the biopolymers and / or biopolymer suspensions described herein. In certain embodiments, the biopolymers comprise or consist of a biopolymer composition comprising biopolymer molecules that have been mechanically processed into a stable and homogeneous aqueous suspension (e.g., a suspension of insoluble and / or semi-soluble particles stably dispersed in a polar solvent).

[0071] In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises a biopolymer and at least one of a moisturizer, an emollient, an occlusive agent, a ceramide, an emulsifier, a thickener, a preservative, an antioxidant, a fragrance, a functional ingredient, a UVB filter, a UVA filter, and a broad spectrum filter. In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises at least a biopolymer, an emulsifier / stabilizer, and a preservative.

[0072] In some embodiments, the humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, urea, hyaluronic acid, salicylic acid, alpha hydroxy acids, propylene glycol, honey, sorbitol, butylene glycol, sodium PCA, allantoin, sodium lactate, dicyanamide, tremella extract, seaweed, aloe vera, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the humectant represents up to about 20% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, or about 20%).

[0073] In some embodiments, the emollient is beeswax, butylphthalimide isopropyl phthalimide, candelilla oil, castor oil, cocoa butter, coconut oil, cyclomethicone, cyclopentasiloxane, dicaprylyl ether, diisopropyl dilinoleate, dimethicone, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, glycerin, hydrogenated polyisobutene, isocetyl stearoyloxystearate, isododecane, isohexadecane, isoparaffin, isopropyl isostearate, palmitic acid In some embodiments, the emollient is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl, isopropyl stearate, jojoba oil, lanolin, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, octyl palmitate, olive oil, palm, pentaerythritol tetraoctanoate, petrolatum, phenylethyl benzoate, polyglyceryl-4 oleate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol dibenzoate, propylene glycol isostearate, shea butter, sorbitol, squalane, sunflower oil, trisiloxane, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the emollient represents up to about 15% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 10%, or about 15%).

[0074] In some embodiments, the occlusive agent is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, lanolin, dimethicone, shea butter, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the occlusive agent represents up to about 10% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, or about 10%).

[0075] In some embodiments, the ceramide is selected from the group consisting of ceramide EOS, ceramide NS, ceramide NG, ceramide NP, ceramide AP, ceramide EOP, phytosphingosine, sphingosine, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the ceramide represents up to about 5% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, or about 5%).

[0076] In some embodiments, the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of glyceryl stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, tragacanth, lecithin, mustard seed, soybean lecithin, sodium salts of phosphoric acid, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides, sodium stearoyl lactylate, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the emulsifier represents up to about 10% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, or about 10%).

[0077] In some embodiments, the thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of magnesium aluminum, silicates, silica, bentonite, carbomer, cetyl palmitate, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the thickening agent represents up to about 5% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, or about 5%).

[0078] In certain embodiments, the preservative is pentylene glycol (e.g., Dermosoft® Pentiol Eco), 1,2-alkanediol (e.g., Hydrolite®), 6), phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, ethylhexylglycerin, DMDM ​​hydantoin, quaternium-15, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, polyoxymethylene urea, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (bromopol), glyoxal, parabens such as ethylparaben, butylparaben, methylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben, and isopropylparaben, benzylate, benzyl benzoate, methylisothiazolinone (MIT, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), phenoxyethanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, Neolone 950™, OriStar™ MIT, and Microcare™ MT, methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT), phenoxyethanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, Euxyl K™ 400 (phenoxyethanol and 1,2-dibromo-2,Mixture with 4-dicyanobutane), triclosan (TSC), triclocarban (TCC), benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, citric acid, dehydroacetic acid, essential oils, grapefruit seed extract, lactic acid, levulinic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium salicylate, sorbic acid, vitamin E, zinc pyrithione, Geogard™ ECT, Leucidal™ SF complete, Leucidal™ liquid complete, Leucidal™ SF Max, AMTicide™ coconut, phytocide aspen bark powder, NeoDefend™, GeoGard™ Ultra, MicroGuard™, arborcide OC, phytocide elderberry OS, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, beeswax, honey, essential oils (e.g., lavender, clove, rosemary, tea tree, sage, rosewood, thyme, cinnamon, neem, grape seed, citrus), grapefruit seed extract (GSE), bentonite clay, copper salts, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, benzyl alcohol analogs, propionic acid, propionates, salicylic acid and derivatives, sorbic acid, calcium sorbate, potassium sorbate, bromopol, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,The preservative may be selected from the group consisting of 3-diol, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM ​​hydantoin, glyoxal, imidazolidinyl urea, polyoxymethylene urea, quaternium-15, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, zinc pyrithione, sodium lauryl sulfate, propylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, AE Prerse PX 82™, phytoside blackcurrant powder, Lexgard Natural™, Sensiva Go Natural™, Spectrastat™, raspberry ketone, ChemPhyte™, Hydrolite 6™, hexanediol, and mixtures thereof. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, 1.5% by weight of hexanediol and benzyl alcohol, and 0.5% by weight of phenoxyethanol. Identifying and testing suitable preservatives according to the present invention is within the skill of those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the preservative represents up to about 5% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.5%, about 2%, about 2.3%, about 3%, about 4%, about 4.5%, or about 5% by weight).

[0079] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B3, green tea extract, resveratrol, curcumin, lycopene, coenzyme Q10, polyphenols, Centella asiatica extract, tamanu oil, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the antioxidant represents up to about 0.5% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, or about 0.5%).

[0080] In some embodiments, the fragrance may be selected from the group consisting of linalool, citronellol, limonene, geraniol, eugenol, lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia), rose flower extract (Rosa damascene), dog rose (Rosa canina), centifolia rose (Rosa centifolia), Rosa gallica, wild rose (Rosa multiflora), bergamot oil (Citrus bergamia), ylang-ylang oil (Canaga odorata), lemon (Citrus limon), lime (Citrus aurantifolia or Citrus medica), orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus tangerine), peppermint (Mentha piperita), spearmint (Mentha spicata, Eucalyptus, Cinnamon, Cinnamaldehyde, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the antioxidant represents up to about 0.2% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.25%, about 0.05%, or about 0.1%).

[0081] In some embodiments, the functional ingredient is selected from the group consisting of biological extracts, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, mycosporines, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), UV-absorbing imino compounds such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,487,474, essential fatty acids (e.g., alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids, beta glucans, and mixtures thereof). In some embodiments, the functional ingredient represents up to about 10% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, or about 10%).

[0082] In some embodiments, the composition may also provide sunscreen benefits and further comprises UVB filters, UVA filters, and / or broad spectrum filters to provide a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15, or at least 30, or at least 45, at least 50, or at least 60. In some embodiments, the filters (i.e., any one, two, or three of the UVB filters, UVA filters, and broad spectrum filters) represent up to about 20% by weight of the skin care composition (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, or about 20%).

[0083] In some embodiments, the UVB filter is selected from the group consisting of Uvivul™ T 150 (ethylhexyl triazone), titanium dioxide, benzophenone-3 (oxybenzone), octinoxate (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate), octocrylene, ethylhexyl salicylate (octisalicylate), homosalate (homomenthyl salicylate), ensulizole (phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid), amiloxate (isoamyl paramethoxycinnamate), polysilicone-15, diethylhexylbutamidotriazone (isocotridinol), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (enxacamene), and mixtures thereof.

[0084] In some embodiments, the UVA filter is selected from the group consisting of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone™), diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (Univul™ a plus), terephthalylidene dicamphorsulfonic acid (Mexoryl™ SX), disodium phenyldibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate (Neo Heliopan™ ap), Tinosorb™ S (bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine), Tinosorb™ M (methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (and) water (and) decyl glucoside (and) propylene glycol (and) xanthan gum), Tinosorb™ A2B (tris-biphenyl triazine (and) water (and) decyl glucoside (and) butylene glycol (and) disodium phosphate (and) xanthan gum), and mixtures thereof.

[0085] In some embodiments, the broad spectrum filter is selected from the group consisting of bisethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, trisbiphenyl triazine (nanoparticles), methylene bisbenzotriazolyl tetramethyl butyl phenol, drometrizole trisiloxane, zinc oxide, and mixtures thereof.

[0086] Skin care compositions according to the present invention may find many uses for providing at least one skin benefit, for example, the skin care composition may provide one or more of the following benefits: moisturizing the skin, improving the appearance of the skin, protecting against environmental damage, anti-aging effects, wrinkle removal, and / or age spot removal.

[0087] In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises the following ingredients:

[0088] [Table 1]

[0089] [Table 2]

[0090] [Table 3]

[0091] [Table 4]

[0092] In some embodiments, the skin care composition conforms to one of the following specific compositions.

[0093] [Table 5]

[0094] [Table 6]

[0095] [Table 7]

[0096] [Table 8]

[0097] [Table 9]

[0098] [Table 10]

[0099] [Table 11]

[0100] [Table 12]

[0101] [Table 13]

[0102] The method of use can comprise simply applying the composition to skin.In some embodiments, the composition is applied to areas as needed, including but not limited to, hands, chest, neck, arms, legs, around eyes, forehead, face, and any other places on the body.If needed, it can be repeatedly applied at different time intervals (for example, every hour, every 2 hours, every 6 hours, every 12 hours, once a day, twice a day, three times a day, or once, twice, or three times a week, etc.).Although the skin care composition of the present invention is primarily intended for human use, those skilled in the art can easily understand that it can also find many suitable uses in animals.

[0103] Desirable characteristics The skin care compositions according to the present invention are preferably stable. By stable, we mean at least that the biopolymers (e.g., fibers, spheroids) or any other components of the composition do not settle to the bottom. In some embodiments, the insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymers remain suspended for at least 1 week, at least 1 month, at least 6 months, at least 12 months, at least 18 months, at least 2 years, at least 3 years, or longer. It is within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art to address any phase separation exhibited by the skin care compositions according to the present invention.

[0104] Skin care compositions according to the present invention may be formulated to have a desired viscosity (e.g., the viscosity of what is commonly referred to as a paste, ointment, cream, lotion, gel, or milk). In some embodiments, the viscosity of the composition / suspension can be altered by varying the high shear conditions and / or mechanical energy to which the biopolymer is subjected. In some embodiments, a stable and uniform suspension has a viscosity of about 25 mPa to about 85,000 mPa. Table 1 below provides non-limiting examples of desirable viscosities for compositions / suspensions according to the present invention.

[0105] [Table 14]

[0106] In some embodiments, the viscosity of skin care compositions according to the present invention may be modified accordingly by selecting feel-enhancing agents, film-forming agents, emulsifiers, emollients, UVB filters, UVA filters, and / or broad spectrum filters.

[0107] The viscosity of skin care compositions according to the present invention may also vary depending on the ratio or concentration of each compound in the composition, in addition to the biopolymer. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of biopolymer to other ingredients (e.g., feel-enhancing agents, film-forming agents, emulsifiers, emollients, UVB filters, UVA filters, and / or broad spectrum filters) is about 0.1:20 to about 10:20, about 0.5:20 to about 3:20, about 0.75:20, about 1.0:20, 1.25:20, or about 1.5:20. In some embodiments, skin care compositions according to the present invention contain about 0.01-10% by weight biopolymer, 0.01-5% by weight biopolymer, 0.01-2% by weight biopolymer, or 0.01-1% by weight biopolymer. In some embodiments, the skin care composition according to the present invention comprises about 0.01% by weight of biopolymer, about 0.05% by weight of biopolymer, about 0.1% by weight of biopolymer, about 0.25% by weight of biopolymer, about 0.5% by weight of biopolymer, about 0.75% by weight of biopolymer, about 1% by weight of biopolymer, about 1.5% by weight of biopolymer, about 2.5% by weight of biopolymer, or about 5% by weight of biopolymer.

[0108] Skin care compositions according to the present invention may also contain fatty acids (e.g., C 10 -C 22 The composition may be formulated as a stable emulsion containing N-acetylglucosamine, emulsifiers and preservatives, and / or additives, such as PEG-1, PEG-2, PEG-3, PEG-4, PEG-5, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-11, PEG-12, PEG-13, PEG-14, PEG-15, PEG-16, PEG-17, PEG-18, PEG-19, PEG-20, PEG-21, PEG-22, PEG-23, PEG-24, PEG-25, PEG-26, PEG-27, PEG-28, PEG-29, PEG-30, PEG-31, PEG-32, PEG-33, PEG-34, PEG-35, PEG-36, PEG-37, PEG-4

[0109] The list of possible additives includes preservatives, stabilizers and emulsifiers (e.g., cetyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, soy butter, PC90, tara gum, PSC3, PEG, guar, xanthan gum, agarose, sodium hyaluronate, Tween 80™, glycerol (humectant), thickeners, dyes, powders (e.g., mica, pigments, chalk), inks, colorants, fragrances, essential oils, extracts (e.g., plant extracts such as aloe vera), vitamins (e.g., ascorbic acid), acids (e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, stearic acid), oils (cocoa butter, emu oil, olive oil, shea butter, silicone oil, mineral oil), metal oxides (e.g., zinc oxide), salts (e.g., sea salt, sodium lactate), honey, clay, propenyl glycol, polyethylene glycol, dry ingredients (e.g., rose petal powder, orange peel powder, chamomile flower, calendula petal, etc.), allantoin, acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), waxes (e.g., Examples of suitable additives include, but are not limited to, beeswax, peptides and proteins, pharmaceutical compounds (e.g., N-acetylglucosamine, lidocaine, capsaicin, baclofen, ketamine, methylsulfonylmethane, orphenadrine, tetracaine, amitriptyline, bupivacaine, cyclobenzaprine, doxepin, gabapentin, guaifenesin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, meloxicam, piroxicam, ketoprofen, any NSAID), sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose, etc.), any monomer of cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, alginic acid, collagen, silk, etc. Additives may be added before, during, and / or after the high shear conditions and / or high mechanical energy steps.

[0110] In certain embodiments, the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of agar, sodium alginate, carrageenan, guar, konjac, tragacanth, locust bean gum, psyllium, tara gum, fenugreek gum, xanthan gum, abietic acid, acetyl mannosyl erythritol lipids, acrylamide / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer, acrylates / aminoacrylate / C10-30 alkyl PEG-20 itaconate copolymer, acrylates / C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, acrylates / Alkyl Acrylates C5-8 Copolymer, Acrylates / Stearyl Methacrylate Copolymer, Acrylates / Vinyl Isodecanoate Crosspolymer, Acrylates / Vinyl Neodecanoate Crosspolymer, Acrylic Acid / Stearyl Acrylate Copolymer, Acrylic Acid / Stearyl Methacrylate / Dimethicone Methacrylate Copolymer, Bisacryloyl Poloxamer, Alcaligenes Polysaccharide, Alcohol C9-11, Allyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer, Sweet Almond Oil Polyglyceryl-4 Ester, Aluminum Behenate, Caprylic Acid Aluminum, aluminum dicetyl phosphate, aluminum dilinoleate, aluminum dimyristate, aluminum distearate, aluminum isostearate, aluminum isostearate / aluminum laurate / aluminum palmitate, aluminum isostearate / aluminum laurate / aluminum stearate, aluminum isostearate / aluminum myristate, aluminum isostearate / aluminum palmitate, aluminum isostearate / aluminum stearate, aluminum lanolate, aluminum monostearate, aluminum myristate, aluminum myristate / aluminum palmitate, aluminum hydroxide stearate / magnesium hydroxide stearate, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate / steareth-25 methacrylate crosspolymer, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate / steareth-8 methacrylate copolymer, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate / vinyl formamide copolymer, ammonium alginate, ammonium rapeseed oil fatty acid phosphatidyl ammoniumAmmonium Polyacryloyldimethyltaurate, Ammonium Shellac Fatty Acids, Amodimethicone Glycerocarbamate, AMP-C8-18 Perfluoroalkylethyl Phosphate, Aphanothece Sacrum Polysaccharide, Arachidyl Alcohol, Tragacanth (Astragalus Gummifer) Gum, Tragacanth, Rubber Tree Root Extract, Avocadamide DEA, Babassu Oil Fatty Acids, Crosslinked Bacillus / Glucose / Sodium Glutamate Ferment, Dextrorotatory Batyl Alcohol, Levorotatory Batyl Alcohol, Hydrolyzed Beeswax, Synthetic Beeswax, Behenyl Alcohol, Bentonite, Benzalkonium Montmorillonite, Benzalkonium Sepiolite, Nigare Emulsion Stabilizer, Brassica Alcohol Emollient, Brassicyl Isoleucine Esylate, Butenediol / Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer, Butoxyhydroxypropyl Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose, Butter Decyl Esters, Butyl Acrylate / Isopropylacrylamide / PEG-18 Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer, babassu oil fatty acid butyl, coconut oil fatty acid butylene glycol, isostearate butylene glycol, alkyl C1-5 galactomannan, C12-13 alcohol, C12-14 secondary pareth-3, C12-14 secondary pareth-5, C12-14 secondary pareth-7, C12-14 secondary pareth-8, C12-14 secondary pareth-9, C12-14 secondary pareth-12, C12-14 secondary pareth-15, C12-14 secondary pareth-20, C12-14 secondary pareth-30, C12-14 secondary pareth-40, C12-14 secondary pareth-50, C12-15 alcohol, alkyl C12-16 PEG-2 hydroxypropyl hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, C12-18 alkyl glucoside, hydrogenated tri-fatty acid C12-18 glyceryl, C14-15 alcohol, C14-18 glycol, C14-22 alcohol, C15-18 glycol, bis-alkyl C16-18 glyceryl undecyl dimethicone, C18-22 alkyl PEG-25 methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, C18-30 glycol, alkyl C18-38 hydroxystearoyl stearate, C20-22 alcohol, C20-30 glycol,C20-40 Alcohol, C20-40 Alkylcrylene, C22-24 Pareth-33, Bishydroxyalkyl C24-28 Olivate Glutamate, C28-52 Olefin / Undecylenic Acid Copolymer, C30-50 Alcohol, Carboxymethylcellulose Calcium, Carrageenan Calcium, Calcium Laurate, Calcium Myristate, Calcium Polyglutamate Crosspolymer, Potassium Calcium Carbomer, Calcium Saccharinate, Calcium Starch Octenylsuccinate, Calcium Stearate, Callitris Quadrivalvis Resin, Candelilla Wax, Candelilla / Jojoba / Rice Bran Polyglyceryl-3 Esters, Cannabis Sativa (Cannabis Sativa) sativa (Carthamus) Seed Oil, Glycereth-8 Esters, Caprylyl Dimethicone Ethoxyglucoside, Caprylyl / Capryl Wheat Bran / Wheat Straw Glycoside, Carbomer 934, Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate, Carboxymethyl Hydroxyethylcellulose, Carboxymethyl Hydroxypropyl Guar, Carnauba Wax, Carthamus Tinctorius (Carthamus) tinctorius) Oleosomes, Hydrogenated Castor Oil Behenyl Ester, Castor Oil Phosphate, Hydrogenated Castor Oil Stearyl Ester, Hydrogenated Castor Oil / Sebacic Acid Copolymer Caprate / Caprylate, Cellulose Acetate Propionate Carboxylate, Hydrolyzed Cellulose Gum, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Ceramide NS / PEG-8 / Succinic Acid Copolymer, Locust Bean Gum, Ceresin, Ceteareth-6 Olivate, Cetostearyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Cetyl Dimethicone PEG-7 Acetate, Cetyldodecenyl Succinate, Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose, Cetyl PEG / PPG-7 / 3 Dimethicone, Bis-Cetyl / PEG-8 Cetyl PEG-8 Dimethicone, Chitosan Lauramide Succinimide, Chitosan Lauroyl Glycinate, Cholesterol / HDI / Pullulan Copolymer, Sweet Orange (Citrus Aurantium dulcis) peel extract, sweet orange (citrus aurantium sinensis) fiber, cocamide, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide MIPA, cocamidopropyl lauryl ether,Cocoa Butter Glyceryl Esters, Coconut Alcohol, Coconut Methylpropanediol Esters, Hydrolyzed Corn Starch Hydroxyethyl Ether, Guar (Cyanopsis Tetragonoloba) Gum, Decyl Castor Oil Fatty Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Decyl Cannabis Seed Oil Fatty Acid, 7-Dehydrocholesterol, Dehydroxanthan Gum, Sodium Dicaprylyl Sulfosuccinate, Diethylene Glycol / Hydrogenated Dimer Dilinoleate Copolymer, Digalactosylglyceryl Linoleate / Palmitate / Oleate, Diglycerin / Dilinoleic Acid / Hydroxystearic Acid Copolymer, Dihydrolanosterol, Dihydroxyethyl Cocamine Oxide, Dihydroxyethyllaurate Ingredients: thiamin oxide, diisotridecyl lauroyl glutamate, dilauryl maleate / C20 olefin copolymer, dimaltosyl cyclodextrin, hydrogenated dimer dilinoleyl / dimethyl carbonate copolymer, dimethicone crosspolymer, dimethicone ethoxyglucoside, dimethicone / lauryl dimethicone / bisvinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, dimethicone / PEG-15 crosspolymer, dimethyl capramide, dimethyl cocamine, lauramine dimethyl isostearate, dioleyl phosphate, Dipropylene glycol isobornyl ether, dodecyl hexadecanol, bis-ethoxydiglycol cyclohexane 1,4-dicarboxylate, ethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, bis-ethylbehenate PPG-dimonium methosulfate, bis(ethylbehenate PPG-3)dimonium methosulfate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene / sodium acrylate copolymer, feruloyl soy glyceride, perfluorocyclohexylmethanol, perfluoroheptane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, perfluoromethyldecalin, ghatti gum, glucose pentaacetate, alpha-dextroglucose pentaacetate, glycereth-7 malate, glycereth-8 hydroxystearate, glycereth-7 benzoate, hydrogenated glyceryl abietic acid, glycol cetearate, acetylated glycol stearate, glycosyl trehalose, grape seed oil glycereth-8 ester, grape seed oil polyglycerin-6 esterMaleated Hexene / Propylene Copolymer, Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate, Hydroxyapatite, Hydroxybutyl Methylcellulose, Bis-Hydroxyethoxypropyl Dimethicone Beeswax Ester, Bis-Hydroxyethoxypropyl Dimethicone Isostearate, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate / Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxyethyl Isostearyloxyisopropanolamine, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose , Hydroxypropyl Xanthan Gum, Hydroxypropyltrimonium Inulin, Hydroxypropyltrimonium Xanthan Gum, Hydroxystearic / Linolenic / Linoleic Acid Polyglyceride, Hydroxystearic / Linolenic / Oleic Acid Polyglyceride, Lauryl Carbamate Inulin, Synthetic Japan Wax, Jojoba Oil Glycereth-8 Ester, Hydrogenated Lanolin Alcohol, Lanolinamide DEA, Lauryl Alcohol, Lauryl Alcohol Diphosphonate, Lauryl Dodecenyl Succinate, Lauryl / Myristyl Wheat Bran / Wheat Straw Glyco Cider, Hydrogenated Lime Seed Oil, Alginate, Magnesium Laurate, Maltitol, Maltodextrin, Methoxy PEG-22 / Dodecyl Glycol Copolymer, Methoxy PEG / PPG-25 / 4 Dimethicone, Methylcellulose, Methyl Vinyl Ether-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer, Montmorillonite, Myristyl / Palmitamido Butylguanidine Acetate, Myristyl Alaninate, Myristyl Alcohol, Oleic / Linoleic / Linolenic Acid Polyglycerides, Olive Alcohol, Hydrogenated Olive Oil Caprylyl Esters, Hydrogenated Olive Oil Cetyl Esters , hydrogenated olive oil decyl ester, hydrogenated olive oil hexyl ester, hydrogenated olive oil lauryl ester, hydrogenated olive oil myristyl ester, hydrogenated olive oil stearyl ester, hydrogenated orange seed oil, ozokerite, palm kernel fatty acid amide DEA, palm kernel fatty acid amide MEA, palm kernel fatty acid amide MIPA, palmamide DEA, palmamide MEA, palmamide MIPA, peanut amide MEA, peanut amide MIPA, pectin, tris(PEG-2 phenylalanylcarboxamide)cyclohexane, PEG-2 tallow amide DEA,PEG-4 PEG-12 Dimethicone, PEG-5 Pentaerythrityl Dimethylolpropionate-2 Dendrimer, PEG-5 Pentaerythrityl Dimethylolpropionate-3 Dendrimer, PEG-5 Pentaerythrityl Dimethylolpropionate-4 Dendrimer, PEG-7 Propylheptyl Ether, PEG-7m, PEG-8 Dimethicone / Polysorbate 20 Crosspolymer, PEG-8 Propylheptyl Ether, PEG-9m, PEG-12 Carnauba, PEG-12 Glyceryl Linoleate, PEG-14m, PEG-20m, PEG-23m, PEG-65m, PEG-90m, PEG-100 / IPDI Copolymer, PEG-114 Polylactic Acid, PEG-115m, PEG-160m, PEG-180m, PEG-400, PEG-45 / Dodecyl Glycol Copolymer, PEG-450, PEG-500, PEG / PPG-10 / 3 Oleyl Ether Dimethicone, PEG / PPG-100 / 70 Tocopheryl Ether, Bis-PEG / PPG-15 / 5 Dimethicone, PEG / PPG-18 / 18 Isostearate, PEG / PPG-18 / 18 Laurate, PEG / PPG-2 / 5 Tocopheryl Ether, PEG / PPG-20 / 23 Dimethicone, Bis-PEG / PPG-20 / 5 PEG / PPG-20 / 5 Dimethicone, PEG / PPG-2000 / 200 Copolymer, PEG / PPG-23 / 6 Dimethicone, PEG / PPG-30 / 10 Tocopheryl Ether, PEG / PPG-5 / 10 Tocopheryl Ether, PEG / PPG-5 / 20 Tocopheryl Ether, PEG / PPG-5 / 30 Tocopheryl Ether, PEG / PPG-50 / 20 Tocopheryl Ether, PEG / PPG-6 / 4 Dimethicone, PEG / PPG-70 / 30 Tocopheryl Ether, PEG / PPG-8 / 3 Laurate, Pentadecyl Alcohol, Petrolatum Microcrystalline Wax, Phosphatidic Acid, Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylglycerol, Paeinamidopropyl Betaine, C10-30 Alkyl Polyacrylate, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-4, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-14, Polyacrylate-10, Polyacrylate-11, Polyacrylate-27, Polyacrylate-28, Polyacrylic Acid, Polyester-14, Polyester-15, Polyethylene / Isopropyl Maleate / MA Copolyol, Polyglyceryl-2 Diisostearate / Ipdicopolymer, Sunflower Seed Oil Fatty Acid / Polyglyceryl-3 Citrate Crosspolymer, Diisostearate / Polyhydroxystearate / Polyglyceryl-4 Sebacate, Polyglyceryl-6 Behenate, Polypropanediol, Polypropylene Terephthalate, Polyquaternium Crosspolymer-2, Polyquaternium-65Polyquaternium-83, Polyquaternium-102, Polyquaternium-103, Polysilicone-25, Polyurethane-29, Polyvinyl acetate, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Potassium alginate, Potassium behenoyl hydrolyzed rice protein, Potassium behenoyl hydroxyproline, Potassium carbomer, Potassium carrageenan, Potassium stearoyl hydrolyzed rice protein, Potassium undecylenoyl alginate, Potassium undecylenoyl carrageenan, Un Potassium decylenoyl hydrolyzed corn protein, potassium undecylenoyl hydrolyzed soy protein, potassium undecylenoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, hydrolyzed potato tuber extract, PPG-4 jojoba alcohol, PPG-4 laureth-2, PPG-4 laureth-5, PPG-6 laureth-3, PPG-20 tocophereth-5, PPG-10 jojoba acid, PPG-2-buteth-2, propyl ester of PVM / MA copolymer, almond (prunus amygdalus dulcis) oil unsaponifiables, pseudozyma epicola / camellia sinensis seed oil / glucose / soybean (glycine soja) meal / malt extract / yeast ferment extract, PVP montmorillonite, PVP / decene copolymer, apple (pyrus Malus (Sesame) Fiber, Quaternium-90 Sepiolite, Rhamnolipid, Sclerotium Gum, Hydrogenated Sesame Seed Oil, Sesquiethoxytriethanolamine, Sesquioctyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate, Shea Butter Glycerides, Silica Dimethyl Silylate, Silica Silylate, Beta-Sitosterol, Sodium Acrylate / Acryloyldimethyl Taurine / Dimethylacrylamide Crosspolymer, Sodium Acrylate / Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Sodium Acrylate / Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate / Acrylamide Copolymer, Sodium Acrylate / Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer, Sodium Acrylate / Vinyl Isodecanoate Crosspolymer, Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate / Acrylamide / VP Copolymer, Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate / VP Crosspolymer, Sodium Arachidate, C4-12 Olefin / Sodium Maleate CopolymerSodium carbomer, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carboxymethyl starch, sodium carrageenan, sodium cellulose sulfate binder, sodium cocoyl barley amino acids, sodium cocoyl / stearoyl (alanine / arginine / asparagine / aspartic acid / glutamic acid / glutamine / glycine / histidine), sodium cyclodextrin sulfate, sodium dextrin octenylsuccinate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium starch polyacrylate, sodium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate, poly Gamma sodium glutamate, polygamma sodium glutamate crosspolymer, polyglutamate crosspolymer, sodium polymethacrylate, sodium polynaphthalenesulfonate, sodium polystyrenesulfonate, starch sodium octenylsuccinate, sodium styrene / MA copolymer, sodium tocopheryl phosphate antioxidant, trehalose sodium octenylsuccinate, sodium undecylenoyl alginate / TEA, sodium undecylenoyl carrageenan / TEA, sorbitan palmitate, soy protein phthalate, soybean oil fatty acid amide DEA, sparassis crispa crispa extract, hydroxypropyltrimonium starch chloride, isosteareth-200 palmitate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, stearyl glycol, stearyl vinyl ether / MA copolymer, karaya (sterculia urens) gum, stigmasteryl chloride, stigmasteryl nonanoate, stigmasteryl succinate, styrene / MA copolymer, sucrose polypalmate, sunflower seed oil ferulate ethyl ester, sunflower seed oil polyglyceryl-10 ester, sunflower seed oil polyglyceryl-6 ester, tallow alcohol, tallowamide cosmetic, tamarind (tamarind) indica) gum, alginate TEA, dextrin octenylsuccinate TEA, tetradecyl eicosanoate, tetradecyl octadecanoate, tetradecyl octadecyl behenate, tetradecyl octadecyl myristate, tetradecyl octadecyl stearate, tetrasodium etidronate,Theobroma grandiflorum (cocoa) seed butter glyceryl esters, tocopheryl succinate methyl glucamide, tremella fuciformis (tremella fuciformis) polysaccharide, triacontene / VP copolymer, 1-tridecanol, tripropylene glycol, undeceth-40, undecylenoyl inulin, undecylenoyl xanthan gum, vinyl alcohol / vinyl formamide copolymer, bisvinyl dimethicone / dimethicone copolymer, bisvinyl dimethicone / PEG-10 dimethicone crosspolymer, hydrogenated microcrystalline wax, welan gum, xanthan gum, undecylenoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein zinc.

[0111] Skin care compositions according to the present invention may also include microbial ingredients (e.g., Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus filtrates, extracts, and / or fermentates) and / or microbial-based formulations such as Lallemand's Lallhair® P&R, Lallbiome™ 300, Lallbiome™ 201, Lallskin® Hydra, and / or Lallskin® Zn.

[0112] The skin care composition according to the present invention may also contain cross-linked hyaluronic acid. This compound may be used, for example, as a thickener to produce a transparent moisturizing hydrogel. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, Hyacross™ Hyaluronic Acid Microbeads TG300 (sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer, Bloomage Biotechnology Corp. Ltd.) and Hylasome™ EG10 (sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer, Vantage Personal Care).

[0113] In one embodiment, the skin care composition according to the present invention provides the following skin-related benefits: i. smoothing the appearance of and / or reducing the presence of fine lines and / or wrinkles; ii. improving the appearance of dark circles under the eyes and facial wrinkles; iii. Skin protection (e.g., protection from the environment, such as sun, chemicals, and oxidative stress); iv. Whitening of age spots (e.g., fading age spots and making skin tone more even); v. Skin mattifying (i.e., reducing oiliness of the skin), vi. Skin renewal and / or rejuvenation; vii. Skin repair and / or healing (e.g., wound healing); viii. Skin densification and / or improvement of one or more mechanical properties of the skin (firmness, tautness, elasticity, and / or flexibility); ix. Improved skin suppleness; x. forming a protective film on the skin, e.g., a long-lasting protective film that lasts for at least 24 hours, at least 1 week, or at least 10 days; xi. The formation of a nearly dry film on the skin (e.g., a perceptible but very light film felt on the surface of the skin); xii. the development of a cooling sensation on the skin during application; xiii. hydrating and / or moisturizing the skin; xiv. Preventing moisture evaporation from the skin, xv. Improved skin barrier integrity, xvi. reducing transepidermal water loss and / or improving skin hydration; and xvii. Non-comedogenic At least one of the following is granted.

[0114] In some embodiments, skin care compositions according to the present invention comprise a fast-acting skin tightening agent. In some embodiments, the skin care compositions provide rapid and noticeable skin appearance benefits. For example, skin care compositions according to the present invention may preferably dramatically improve the appearance of dark circles under the eyes and facial wrinkles.

[0115] In some embodiments, the skin tightening composition of the present invention comprises a biopolymer molecule as defined herein in combination with any suitable skin tightening compound. For example, the skin tightening composition of the present invention may comprise polyols such as sodium silicate, glycerin, propylene glycol, and butylene glycol, clays such as bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, lithium magnesium sodium silicate, and sodium magnesium fluorosilicate, spherical silica, cellulose, polymethylsilsesquioxane, soft focus powders such as dimethicone / vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, dimethylacrylamide / acrylic acid / polystyrene ethyl methacrylate copolymer and polyurethane-2, polymethyl methacrylate, polysaccharides such as xanthan gum, resins such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate, pullulan, egg albumin, gliadin, acacia senegal gum, rhizobian gum, hydrolyzed wheat protein / PVP, hydrolyzed quinoa seed, hydrolyzed sesame protein PG, and porphyridium The composition may include one or more of the following: naturally occurring polymers such as polysaccharide-frutarom; synthetic polymers such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylate 21, adipic acid / neopentyl glycol crosspolymer, HDI / trimethylol hexyl lactone crosspolymer; and humectants.

[0116] Certain skin tightening compositions of the present invention may also contain biopolymer molecules as defined herein and may be mixed with and / or used in combination with two-part formulations that are activated by combining the two parts. These include, for example, products that include a prepolymer and an activating catalyst that promotes crosslinking or polymerization of the polymer. A specific example is Neotensil™. Thus, the present invention encompasses skin care kits that include two-part formulations that are activated by combining the two parts, at least one of which may contain a biopolymer molecule as defined herein.

[0117] The skin care compositions of the present invention may also find use in additional skin-related applications, including, but not limited to, wound healing, regulating excess sebum, preventing and / or treating acne, antimicrobial activity, providing beneficial antioxidants and / or anti-radicals to the skin, and many other useful film-forming protective activities.

[0118] It is within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art to evaluate the balance of good skin appearance, feel, and comfort of the product against performance and potential irritation in any formulated skin care composition of the present invention, and one of ordinary skill in the art can formulate a skin care composition that meets desired key performance parameters, such as long-lasting film over time, cracking, dryness, whitening, exfoliation, significant reduction in oiliness of the skin, convenience, and ease of uniform application of the product.

[0119] It is also within the skill of one in the art to evaluate the potentially useful uses of skin care compositions according to the present invention. This may include, for example, conducting studies on multiple subjects and / or using specialized equipment or tests to measure skin conditions (e.g., moisturization, color, smoothness, thickness, pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements, comedogenicity, and irritation).

[0120] Microplastics production and replacement methods Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of making the skin care compositions defined herein. A related aspect relates to the use of the biopolymers described herein to replace microplastics in skin care compositions.

[0121] In some embodiments, the method comprises replacing at least a portion of microplastics that may be present in the skin care composition with a biopolymer as defined herein, e.g., a biopolymer suspension as defined herein, hi some embodiments, the biopolymer suspension comprises a suspension of insoluble and / or semi-soluble particles stably dispersed in a polar solvent.

[0122] In some embodiments, a method of making a skin care composition and / or replacing microplastics in a skin care composition includes (1) providing a biopolymer suspension comprising a suspension of insoluble and / or semi-soluble particles stably dispersed in a polar solvent, and (2) mixing the biopolymer suspension with at least one of a humectant, an emollient, an occlusive agent, a ceramide, an emulsifier, a thickener, a preservative, an antioxidant, a fragrance, a functional ingredient, a UVB filter, a UVA filter, and a broad spectrum filter. Of course, skin care compositions according to the present invention are formulated (e.g., selection of ingredients, ratios, etc.) to obtain a skin care composition that is dermatologically safe for repeated application to human skin.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific procedures, embodiments, claims, and examples described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of the present invention and encompassed by the claims appended hereto. The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as further or explicit limitations. [Example]

[0124] Example 1: Preparation of seven different skin care formulations

[0125] Seven different biopolymer formulations (referred to herein as Samples #1-#7) were prepared for the purpose of evaluating their skin care properties. In Samples #1-#4 and #6, the biopolymer was chitosan. In Samples #5 and #7, the biopolymer was cellulose.

[0126] Sample #3 CMCB3.1

[0127] Fungal chitosan was treated by a two-step process as follows.

[0128] Step 1: Chitosan was milled in isopropanol for 150 minutes using a CMC Basket Mill BM-100™ to reduce particle size. Typical milling conditions included a milling shaft speed of 1600 feet per minute (FPM), a mixing shaft speed of 15 Hz, and a 75% loading of 1.4-1.7 mm zirconia beads. Under these conditions, 1 kg of powder was processed in isopropanol at a solids content of 20% by weight to obtain a slurry. The slurry was then dried to remove the isopropanol, yielding a refined powder. This refined powder was used in the next step.

[0129] Step 2: Dry chitosan (785 g) was milled with 13 kg of distilled water in a 1.5 L Supermill Plus™ (flow-through horizontal mill) for 150 minutes to produce a suspension referred to herein as "CMCB3.1 Chitosan Suspension." Typical milling conditions for this suspension included a rotational speed of 2400 FPM (feet per minute), a pump rate of 5.5 gallons per hour (GPH), and 1.1 L of 1.25 mm zirconia beads, resulting in 14 kg of slurry at 7.18 wt% solids.

[0130] Sample #1 2022111602

[0131] A fatty alcohol chitosan suspension was produced by milling CMCB3.1 chitosan suspension (30.1 g), glyceryl stearate (0.104 g), and cetyl alcohol (0.102 g) together at 670 RPM using fifty 10 mm balls using the 10 + 1 Alt method (10 minutes of milling followed by a 1 minute break, then 10 minutes of milling in the opposite direction, repeated for a total of 1 hour).

[0132] Sample #4 2022111603

[0133] A fatty alcohol beeswax chitosan suspension was produced by milling CMCB3.1 chitosan suspension (30.1 g), glyceryl stearate (0.100 g), cetyl alcohol (0.103 g), and beeswax (0.1 g) together at 670 RPM using fifty 10 mm balls using the 10 + 1 Alt method (10 minutes of milling followed by a 1 minute pause, then 10 minutes of milling in the opposite direction, repeated for a total of 1 hour).

[0134] Sample #2 2022111604

[0135] A fatty alcohol beeswax chitosan suspension was produced by milling CMCB3.1 chitosan suspension (30.0 g), glyceryl stearate (0.109 g), cetyl alcohol (0.103 g), and beeswax (0.2 g) with fifty 10 mm balls at 670 RPM using the 10 + 1 Alt method (10 minutes of milling followed by a 1 minute pause, then 10 minutes of milling in the opposite direction, repeated for a total of 1 hour).

[0136] Sample #6 2022112103

[0137] A fatty alcohol beeswax chitosan suspension was produced by milling 30.0 g of CMCB3.1 chitosan suspension, 0.154 g of glyceryl stearate, and 0.145 g of cetyl alcohol together at 670 RPM using 50 10 mm balls (10 + 1 Alt method) for 10 minutes of milling followed by a 1 minute pause, followed by 10 minutes of milling in the opposite direction, repeated for a total of 1 hour. This was followed by the addition of 0.345 g of beeswax and further milling at 670 RPM using 50 10 mm balls (10 + 1 Alt method).

[0138] Sample #5 CMC B1.C

[0139] Alpha cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich) was milled in distilled water using a 1.5 L Supermill Plus™ mill. Typical milling conditions were a rotation speed of 2400 FPM, a pump flow rate of 7.3 GPH, and 982 mL of 1.4-1.7 mm zirconia beads. Under these conditions, 10 kg of suspension was processed at 5 wt% solids (0.5 kg cellulose, 9.5 kg water). The cellulose was milled for 140 minutes and suspended throughout the milling process to produce a suspension.

[0140] Sample #7 CMC B2C

[0141] The cellulose was treated by a two-step process.

[0142] Step 1: Alpha cellulose (Sigma Aldrich) was milled in isopropanol for 23 hours using a 1.5 L Supermill Plus™ to reduce particle size. Typical milling conditions included a rotation speed of 2750 FPM, a pump flow rate of 10 GPH, and 982 mL of 1.25 mm zirconia beads. Under these conditions, 10 kg of slurry was treated with 10 wt% solids (1 kg cellulose, 9 kg isopropanol). The slurry was then dried to remove the isopropanol, yielding a refined powder that was then used in the next step.

[0143] Step 2: Using a 1.5 L Supermill Plus™, 1 kg of the dried cellulose from step 1 was milled in 9 kg of distilled water for 435 minutes to obtain a suspension. Typical milling conditions were a rotation speed of 2400 FPM, a pump flow rate of 11 GPH, and 956 mL of 1.25 mm zirconia beads. Under these conditions, 10 kg of slurry was processed at a solids content of 10 wt%.

[0144] Example 2: Testing the cosmetic properties of seven different formulations of Example 1

[0145] overview

[0146] A self-assessment test was conducted at home to evaluate the cosmetic properties of the seven different cream formulations prepared in Example 1. The evaluation was based on visual and sensory self-assessment by human female subjects. The subjects had not used any hydrating products on their skin for 72 hours prior to the test, and no other products were used during the test. As in a normal day, hands were washed with mild soap at least twice a day. Hands were also exposed to water and soap during daily showers.

[0147] Exam details

[0148] The purpose of the study was to evaluate the moisturizing, wrinkle reduction (film-forming effect) and sensation of use during application of the cream samples to the skin. The study was carried out for 9 days using the following experimental parameters: [Table 15]

[0149] A predetermined amount of each cream sample was applied to the back of the hand using a stainless steel spatula according to the application method shown in Figure 1. The cream was transferred onto the skin using the spatula, and the cream was spread by moving the fingers up and down the area 10 times.

[0150] Sensory properties were also evaluated by rubbing a small amount of cream between the thumb and index finger to assess the absorption rate, pilling, and texture of each sample.

[0151] Visual and sensory observation of test samples

[0152] The visual and sensory observations of the seven test samples are summarized below in Table 1. Photographs of the samples at time point TO are shown in Figure 2. [Table 16] [Table 17]

[0153] Quantitative evaluation of cream samples

[0154] The samples were evaluated over the nine days of the study, and each day was given a score of 1 to 10 for a number of visual and sensory aspects. The observations measured for Samples 1 to 3 are summarized in Figure 3. The observations measured for Samples 4 to 6 are summarized in Figure 4.

[0155] Results and Discussion

[0156] The purpose of the test was to determine whether any and / or all of the cream samples had film-forming properties and whether they could impart a smooth appearance to fine lines and wrinkles on the back of the hand. The purpose of the test was also to assess how much product was needed to achieve visual results and how long the results lasted.

[0157] Based on subject self-assessment, all samples demonstrated film-forming properties. All samples also demonstrated the ability to smooth the skin surface, leaving the skin feeling very soft after application of the cream.

[0158] Compared with conventional skin care products readily available on the market, very unique and interesting effects were observed with the test cream. Most skin care products, when applied to the skin, leave a sticky / greasy feeling, an oily feeling, and similar sensations. In contrast, the samples tested in this study left a perceptible and very light film-like feeling on the skin surface. This film felt almost dry to the touch. The skin surface did not feel sticky or moisturized, and remained completely mattified. However, the skin beneath this thin "protective" film was visually softer, denser, even appeared thicker, and much more supple. Fine lines and wrinkles were less visible and even appeared to be repaired.

[0159] Sample #2 (2022-111604) appears to be a good candidate for imparting a smooth appearance to wrinkles as well as fine lines. Sample #1 (2022-11602) and Sample #4 (2022-111603) were also good candidates.

[0160] Samples #4 (2022-111603) and #5 (CMC-B1C) were creamier during application, but did experience some pilling with significant friction during application. Absorption was also very fast. Pilling was also observed with Sample #3 (CMC-B3.1) when applied to larger areas.

[0161] Sample #7 (CMC-B2C) exhibited some very unusual properties. A cooling sensation was easily observed during application and for several minutes afterward. There was also a rapid increase in skin density. Such properties are potentially of great interest in anti-aging damage, addressing density loss in areas such as the neck, hands, and around the eyes.

[0162] In most samples, a faint, inoffensive medicinal odor is observed.The odor disappears quickly during application, and no residual odor is observed after application.This faint odor can be a good way to differentiate the skin care products of the present invention from commercial products, because commercial products typically contain strong perfume odors that are often unwelcome to consumers.

[0163] Most samples, except for sample #5 (CMC-B1C), showed varying degrees of phase separation, with sample #4 (2022-111603) and sample #7 (CMC-B2C) showing a lower degree.

[0164] The film was also observed to be somewhat "long-lasting" in that once it dried on the skin, it was not washed away by simple rinsing or mild soap. The protective film persisted for more than 24 hours. The presence of such a film likely contributes to maintaining the skin's natural moisture, for example, by preventing water evaporation from the skin.

[0165] Additionally, a whitening effect was observed in at least three of the samples (#2, #4, and #5): after application of these samples, the skin had an even complexion and existing age spots appeared much lighter (see Figures 3 and 4).

[0166] Example 3: Preparation of two additional skin care formulations

[0167] Four additional biopolymer formulations (referred to herein as Samples #8, #9, #10, and #11) were prepared for the purpose of evaluating their skin care properties.

[0168] Sample #8 - Cellulose / Chitosan / Beeswax Composition [Batch DEF23051502]

[0169] The cellulose / chitosan / beeswax-based composition contained 5.7% by weight mushroom chitosan, 0.43% by weight alpha cellulose, 5% by weight Dermosoft™ pentiol ecoby (Evonik), 0.55% cetyl alcohol, and 0.93% beeswax [Batch DEF23051502].

[0170] The compositions were prepared as follows: First, the original batch "mill formulation" containing alpha cellulose, chitosan, and water was milled in a NETZSCH LabStar Zeta Small Media Mill™ for 110 minutes (6.9-11 PSI, agitator speed 3000 rpm, chiller on to maintain temperature at 32°C). Separately, the following "oil mixture" mixture was made by melting cetyl alcohol, synthetic beeswax pellets, and Dermosoft™ together at 57°C. The oil mixture was mixed until the temperature dropped to 52°C. The mill formulation (385 grams total) was added to the oil mixture in one-sixth increments. Both were mixed together until the temperature dropped to 45°C. Once uniformly mixed, this resulting mixture was very slowly added to a ball mill along with the remainder of the original batch mill formulation from the 110-minute time point. Milling was then continued for an additional 10 minutes.

[0171] Sample #9 - ChitoCellDF™ [DEF23041801]

[0172] A cellulose / chitosan-based composition according to the present invention was prepared [Batch DEF23041801] containing 5 wt% mushroom chitosan, 0.4 wt% cellulose, 5 wt% Dermosoft™, and water. Briefly, the chitosan and cellulose were wet-milled with water for 30 minutes (stirrer pressure 7-9 PSI, stirrer speed 3000 rpm). Dermosoft™ preservative was added at the 30-minute mark, and milling continued for an additional 60 minutes. The temperature of the mixture was maintained at approximately 30°C to 40°C.

[0173] Sample #10 - ChitoCellDF™ [DEF23110702]

[0174] A cellulose / chitosan-based composition according to the invention was prepared similarly to the other samples described above, containing water, 5% by weight of mushroom, 5% by weight of Dermosoft™, 3% by weight of vegetable glycerin, 2.5% by weight of beeswax, 2% by weight of cetyl alcohol, 2% by weight of adifyline, 1.5% by weight of sepilift, 0.65% by weight of rosehip oil, 0.4% by weight of cellulose (INCI: water, chitosan, pentylene glycol, beeswax, glycerin, cetyl alcohol, acetyl hexapeptide 38, dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline, rosa moschata seed oil, cellulose).

[0175] Sample #11 - ChitoCellDF™ [DEF23110901]

[0176] A cellulose / chitosan-based composition according to the invention was prepared similarly to the other samples described above. The composition contained water, 5% by weight chitosan, 5% by weight Dermosoft, 4% by weight oilvem 1000, 4% by weight argireline, 3% by weight jojoba butter, 2.5% by weight beeswax, and 1% by weight cetyl alcohol (INCI: chitosan, beeswax, cetyl alcohol, pentylene glycol, jojoba (simmondsia chinensis) oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, tocopherol, acetyl hexapeptide-8, sodium benzoate, cetearyl olivate, sorbitan olivate).

[0177] Example 4: Evaluation of effectiveness on wrinkles and fine lines

[0178] overview

[0179] The cellulose / chitosan-based composition identified as Sample #9 in Example 3 (i.e., Batch DEF23041801) was tested in vivo to evaluate its effectiveness against wrinkles and fine lines in 11 healthy male and female participants between the ages of 18 and 65. The composition was evaluated by an independent third-party laboratory using standard guidelines.

[0180] Exam details

[0181] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the product in improving wrinkles and fine lines under normal use conditions, using the VisioTOP-300™ and AEVA-V4™ software systems (EOTECH, France), with the product applied 15 minutes after initial application and twice daily for 10 days ± 2 days. Using 3D images, the effects of the product were observed with the VisioTOP-300™ before product application (T0), 15 minutes after initial application (T15 min), and 10 days after product application (T10 day ± 2 days).

[0182] After the first measurement (T0), the product was applied to the facial surface twice daily for 10 days (T10 days ± 2 days).

[0183] Measurements were taken at the location of the treated area using the instrument at each experimental time point (T0, T15 minutes, and T10 days ± 2 days). The skin areas analyzed at different time points were set on randomized sides of the face at each analysis. The areas photographed in each macrophotograph were evaluated using VisioTOP-300™.

[0184] The distribution of values ​​obtained during measurements at various experimental time points for the product-treated areas was compared by analysis using Student's t-test (T15 min vs. T0, and T10 days ± 2 days vs. T0). A value of p<0.05 was considered significant.

[0185] To evaluate the effectiveness of the product, evaluation of crow's feet wrinkles was used, and the most representative parameters for evaluating anti-wrinkle effectiveness, namely Ra and Rz, were measured using an instrument (Ra is the arithmetic mean roughness of the profile, and Rz is the maximum height roughness of the profile).

[0186] Results and Conclusions

[0187] The product was highly effective in improving roughness and wrinkles around the eyes. In fact, in this study, a statistically significant reduction in wrinkles was observed upon application of the test composition.

[0188] Briefly, the mean Rz parameter (maximum height roughness of the profile) showed a significant reduction in the mean value equal to -5.3% 15 minutes after product application (T15 min) and a significant reduction in the mean value equal to -7.5% 10 days after product use (T10 day ± 2 days) relative to the mean value measured at time T0 (before product application). These results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0189] [Table 18]

[0190] [Table 19]

[0191] In particular, the mean Ra parameter (arithmetic mean roughness of the profile) showed a significant reduction in the mean value equal to -2.6% 15 minutes after product application (T15 min) and a significant reduction in the mean value equal to -3.1% 10 days after product use (T10 day ± 2 days) relative to the mean value measured at time T0 (before product application). The mean values ​​of Ra average in the crow's feet area are shown in Table 4.

[0192] [Table 20]

[0193] Considering that a P value of less than 0.05 (p value < 0.05) indicates a statistically significant rate of change in Ra value, this rate of change can be considered statistically significant according to the p value analysis when T15 min is compared with T0 (0.0291). This rate of change can be considered statistically significant according to the p value analysis when T10 + 2 days is compared with T0 (0.0179). The mean rate of change (%) of Ra mean and the p value by Student's t-test are shown in Table 5.

[0194] [Table 21]

[0195] Thus, these results clearly demonstrate that the biopolymer composition according to the present invention is active and useful in reducing both wrinkles and fine lines.

[0196] Example 5: Evaluation of skin barrier effect and water resistance - Cellulose / chitosan-based compositions

[0197] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the skin barrier and water resistance effects of a cellulose / chitosan-based composition according to the present invention. The cellulose / chitosan-based composition is identified in Example 3 as Sample #9 (i.e., Batch DEF23041801). The study involved 13 participants, and the evaluation was conducted by two professional technicians.

[0198] Skin barrier effect

[0199] Under the experimental conditions employed, the product under test showed a significant reduction in the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values ​​of the skin to which the product was applied: the product showed a change rate of -10.1% after T8 hours ± 2 hours and -16.4% after T12 hours ± 2 hours (see Table 6). Both values ​​were statistically significant when compared to T0.

[0200] [Table 22]

[0201] These results therefore clearly demonstrate that the biopolymer composition according to the invention has a positive effect on the integrity of the skin barrier and is effective in reducing transepidermal water loss and / or improving skin hydration.

[0202] Water-resistant

[0203] To evaluate water resistance, a baseline pigment called Timica® Terra Brown was used for comparison with the cellulose-based compositions under test. The evaluation process involved splashing water on the participants' forearm area after application of the test product (i.e., the cellulose / chitosan-based composition defined above). During the evaluation, two technicians assigned a score ranging from 1 to 10 based on the test product's durability after 10 splashes of water. If the average of these scores was 7 or greater, the product was considered water resistant after 10 splashes of water from the initial application.

[0204] Two experts gave the test product a mean score of 9.1 out of 10 for durability. This high score indicates a high level of water resistance. Thus, the biopolymer composition according to the present invention is able to withstand 10 water splashes after application to the skin, demonstrating a strong water resistance effect.

[0205] Overall, these above results demonstrate that the biopolymer composition according to the present invention has significant skin barrier benefits.

[0206] Example 6: Skin Tolerance (Patch Test)

[0207] Testing was conducted by an independent third-party laboratory to evaluate the topical skin tolerability of a biopolymer composition according to the present invention. The composition was from the same batch as the cellulose / chitosan / beeswax-based composition identified as Sample #8 in Example 3 (i.e., Batch DEF23051502).

[0208] Briefly, approximately 0.07-0.1 ml of the test product (i.e., biopolymer composition) was applied to intact skin on the backs of 14 adult participants. The product remained in contact with the skin for 48 hours under a semi-occlusive patch. A "negative" control blank patch was also applied alongside the test product. Skin reactions were assessed by observing the effects caused by application of the test product using a severity score ranging from 0 to 3 based on parameters such as erythema, edema, dryness / scaling, and blistering at 15 minutes and 24 hours after removal of the patch.

[0209] The Mean Irritation Index (MII) of the test product was 0 at both time points (15 minutes and 24 hours after patch removal). As a result, the test product was classified as "non-irritating" and "dermatologically tested for skin compatibility" according to the reference standards (data not shown). These results therefore confirm that the skin care biopolymer composition according to the present invention is dermatologically safe.

[0210] Similarly, Sample #10 and Sample #11 (see Example 3 above) were submitted to an independent third-party laboratory to evaluate local skin tolerability, and both were deemed "non-primary irritant" 48 hours after contact with participants' skin.

[0211] Example 7: Water retention effect - cellulose / chitosan / beeswax composition

[0212] Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a highly sensitive indicator of skin barrier integrity and can be measured instrumentally by transpiration measurements.

[0213] This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the cellulose / chitosan / beeswax-based composition identified in Example 3 as Sample #8 (i.e., Batch DEF23051502) on TEWL at 8 and 12 hours after application to the skin surface. The evaluation compared the analyzed areas at T8 ± 2 hours and T12 ± 2 hours with the TEWL measured at T0 (before product application). Measurements were performed using a Tewameter® TM300 (Courage-Khazaka GmbH, Germany).

[0214] Thirteen participants participated in the evaluation. The product was applied transdermally in a non-occlusive manner and massaged until absorbed. In accordance with Colipa guidelines, the amount of product applied was 35 cm². 2 Approximately 2 mg / cm 2 During the 12-hour test, participants were asked not to apply any other products or wash the area being tested. Before each Tewameter® measurement, each participant rested in an air-conditioned room for approximately 15 minutes to avoid abnormal sampling due to excessive sweating or stress.

[0215] Product testing lasted 12 hours for each of the 13 selected participants in this study. Tewameter® measurements were performed on the same treatment area before product application (T0), 8 hours after product application (T8 hours ± 2 hours), and 12 hours after product application (T12 hours ± 2 hours). TEWL results are expressed as the mean percentage difference of the parameters measured at T8 hours ± 2 hours and T12 hours ± 2 hours compared to the parameters measured at T0. Statistical evaluation was performed using Student's t-test to assess the significance of the observed differences (a value of p<0.05 was considered significant).

[0216] Under the experimental conditions employed, the product under test demonstrated a significant reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values ​​on the skin to which the product was applied. As shown in Tables 6 and 7 below, the product demonstrated a rate of change of -12.7% at T8 hours ± 2 hours and -19.0% at T12 hours ± 2 hours relative to T0. These rate changes were considered statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) when comparing T8 hours ± 2 hours with T0 and when comparing T12 hours ± 2 hours with T0.

[0217] [Table 23]

[0218] [Table 24]

[0219] These results therefore clearly demonstrate that the biopolymer composition according to the invention has a positive effect on the integrity of the skin barrier and is effective in reducing transepidermal water loss and / or improving skin hydration.

[0220] Example 7: Water Resistance Effect - Cellulose / Chitosan / Beeswax Composition

[0221] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the water-resistant effect of a cellulose / chitosan / beeswax-based composition according to the present invention. The test product was from the same batch of cellulose / chitosan / beeswax-based composition identified as Sample #8 in Example 3 (i.e., Batch DEF23051502). The study involved 13 participants, and the testing procedure was the same as for Sample #9 in Example 5.

[0222] In this study, two expert technicians gave the test products an average score of 9.7 out of 10 for durability after 10 water splashes from initial product application. This high score indicates a high level of water resistance. Therefore, the biopolymer composition according to the present invention exhibits strong water resistance, as it can withstand 10 water splashes after skin application.

[0223] Example 8: Evaluation of effectiveness on wrinkles and fine lines

[0224] The cellulose / chitosan / beeswax-based composition identified as Sample #8 in Example 3 (i.e., Batch DEF23051502) was further tested in vivo to evaluate its wrinkle and fine line removal efficacy. The study involved 13 participants, and the testing procedure was the same as for Sample #9 in Example 4.

[0225] This study showed that the test product was highly effective in improving crow's feet roughness and wrinkles. In fact, this study observed a statistically significant reduction in wrinkles upon application of the test composition.

[0226] In particular, the mean Rz parameter (maximum height roughness of the profile) showed a significant decrease in the mean value equal to -5.9% 15 minutes after product application (T15 min), a value that was considered statistically significant compared to T0 (p-value = 0.0027).

[0227] These results therefore clearly demonstrate that the biopolymer composition according to the present invention is effective in reducing both wrinkles and fine lines, and that this positive effect is seen quickly (e.g., within 15 minutes) after application.

[0228] Example 9: Comedogenicity Evaluation

[0229] The cellulose / chitosan-based composition identified as Sample #9 in Example 3 (i.e., Batch DEF23041801) was further tested in vivo to determine the product's potential to clog skin pores.

[0230] The composition was evaluated by an independent third-party laboratory using standard guidelines. The results of this study confirmed that the composition was "non-comedogenic," meaning that the composition did not clog or block the pores of the participants' skin. This is another major advantage of the biopolymer composition of the present invention. Because the composition does not clog the pores of the skin, the composition can help reduce the likelihood of acne and prevent the occurrence of acne.

[0231] Headings are included herein for reference and to aid in locating particular sections. These headings are not intended to limit the scope of the subject matter described therein, and these subject matter may be applicable to other sections throughout the entire specification. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0232] The singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include the corresponding plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a compound" includes one or more of such compounds, and reference to "the method" includes reference to equivalent steps and methods known to those skilled in the art that may practice modifications or substitutions of the methods described herein. Unless otherwise expressly stated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, concentrations, properties, and the like used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about." At the very least, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the properties sought to be obtained. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the embodiments are approximations, the numerical values ​​set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value inherently contains certain errors resulting from variations in experiments, testing measurements, statistical analysis, and the like.

[0233] It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only, and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to those skilled in the art and are included within the scope of the present invention and the appended claims.

Claims

1. (i) biopolymer molecules mechanically processed into a stable and uniform aqueous suspension, the stable and uniform aqueous suspension comprising insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymer particles stably dispersed within a polar solvent; and (ii) comprising at least one of a moisturizer, an emollient, an occlusive agent, a ceramide, an emulsifier, a thickener, a preservative, an antioxidant, a fragrance, a functional ingredient, a UVB filter, a UVA filter, and a broad spectrum filter; Formulated for dermatologically safe application to human skin Skin care composition.

2. The composition comprises: (i) smoothing the appearance of fine lines and / or wrinkles and / or reducing the presence of fine lines and / or wrinkles; (ii) improving the appearance of dark circles under the eyes and facial wrinkles; (iii) skin protection; (iv) whitening of age spots; (v) skin mattifying; (vi) skin renewal and / or rejuvenation; (vii) skin repair and / or healing; (viii) densifying the skin and / or improving one or more mechanical properties of the skin; (ix) improving skin suppleness; (x) forming a protective film on the skin that lasts for at least 24 hours; (xi) the formation of a film on the skin that feels almost dry to the touch; (xii) the development of a cooling sensation on the skin; (xiii) hydrating and / or moisturizing the skin; (xiv) preventing water evaporation from the skin; (xv) improving skin barrier integrity, and (xvi) reducing water loss from the epidermis and / or improving skin hydration imparting at least one skin care benefit selected from the group consisting of: The skin care composition of claim 1 .

3. (i) biopolymer-insoluble and / or semi-soluble biopolymer molecules that have been mechanically processed into a stable and uniform aqueous suspension; and (ii) at least one of a moisturizer, an emollient, an occlusive agent, a ceramide, an emulsifier, a thickener, a preservative, an antioxidant, a fragrance, a functional ingredient, a UVB filter, a UVA filter, and a broad spectrum filter; Including, 1. A skin care composition formulated for dermatologically safe application to human skin, comprising: (i) smoothing the appearance of fine lines and / or wrinkles and / or reducing the presence of fine lines and / or wrinkles; (ii) improving the appearance of dark circles under the eyes and facial wrinkles; (iii) skin protection; (iv) whitening of age spots; (v) skin mattifying; (vi) skin renewal and / or rejuvenation; (vii) skin repair and / or healing; (viii) densifying the skin and / or improving one or more mechanical properties of the skin; (ix) improving skin suppleness; (x) forming a protective film on the skin that lasts for at least 24 hours; (xi) the formation of a film on the skin that feels almost dry to the touch; (xii) the development of a cooling sensation on the skin; (xiii) hydrating and / or moisturizing the skin; (xiv) preventing water evaporation from the skin; (xv) improving skin barrier integrity; (xvi) reducing transepidermal water loss and / or improving skin hydration; (xvii) non-comedogenic A skin care composition that provides at least one skin care benefit selected from the group consisting of:

4. 4. The skin care composition of claim 1, wherein the biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of chitin, chitosan, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, amylose, actin, fibrin, collagen, silk, fibroin, keratin, wool, alginic acid, and mixtures thereof.

5. 4. The skin care composition of claim 1, wherein the biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of gelatin, pectin, starch, amylopectin, agarose, alginic acid, alginate, hyaluronic acid, RNA, DNA, xanthan gum, guar gum, latex, polymannan, suberin, cutin, cutan, and mixtures thereof.

6. 6. The skin care composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, isopropanol, cetyl alcohol, ethanol, propanol, methanol, glycerol, acetic acid, and mixtures thereof.

7. 7. The skin care composition of claim 6, wherein the moisturizer is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, urea, hyaluronic acid, salicylic acid, alpha hydroxy acids, propylene glycol, honey, sorbitol, butylene glycol, sodium PCA, allantoin, sodium lactate, dicyanamide, tremella extract, seaweed, aloe vera, and mixtures thereof.

8. 8. The skin care composition of claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the emollient is selected from the group consisting of petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil, dimethicone, and mixtures thereof.

9. The skin care composition of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the occlusive agent is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, lanolin, dimethicone, shea butter, and mixtures thereof.

10. 10. The skin care composition of any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the ceramide is selected from the group consisting of ceramide EOS, ceramide NS, ceramide NG, ceramide NP, ceramide AP, ceramide EOP, phytosphingosine, sphingosine, and mixtures thereof.

11. 11. The skin care composition of any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of glyceryl stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, tragacanth, lecithin, mustard seed, soybean lecithin, sodium salts of phosphoric acid, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides, sodium stearoyl lactylate, and mixtures thereof.

12. 12. The skin care composition of any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of magnesium aluminum, silicates, silica, bentonite, carbomer, cetyl palmitate, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate, and mixtures thereof.

13. The preservatives include phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, ethylhexylglycerin, DMDM ​​hydantoin, quaternium-15, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, polyoxymethylene urea, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (bromopol), glyoxal, ethylparaben, butylparaben, methylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben, benzylate, benzyl benzoate, methylisothiazolinone (MIT, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), phenoxyethanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, Euxyl 13. The skin care composition of any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of K™ 400 (a mixture of phenoxyethanol and 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane), triclosan (TSC), triclocarban (tcc), benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, citric acid, dehydroacetic acid, essential oils, grapefruit seed extract, lactic acid, levulinic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium salicylate, sorbic acid, vitamin E, zinc pyrithione, and mixtures thereof.

14. 14. The skin care composition of any one of claims 6 to 13, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B3, green tea extract, resveratrol, curcumin, lycopene, coenzyme Q10, polyphenols, Centella asiatica extract, tamanu oil, and mixtures thereof.

15. 15. The skin care composition of any one of claims 6 to 14, wherein the fragrance is selected from the group consisting of linalool, citronellol, limonene, geraniol, eugenol, lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia), rose flower extract (Rosa damascena), bergamot oil (Citrus bergam), ylang-ylang oil (Cananga odorata), lemon (Citrus limon), lime (Citrus aurantifolia or Citrus medica), orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus tangerine), peppermint (Mentha piperita), spearmint (Mentha spicata), eucalyptus, cinnamon (cinnamomum), cinnamaldehyde, and mixtures thereof.

16. 16. The skin care composition of any one of claims 6 to 15, wherein the functional ingredient is selected from the group consisting of biological extracts, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, mycosporines, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), UV-absorbing imino compounds, essential fatty acids, hydroxy acids, beta-glucans, and mixtures thereof.

17. 17. The skin care composition of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the stably dispersed biopolymer molecules are not obtained by solubilization in an acidic solution or a basic solution.

18. The skin care composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, selected from the following compositions: Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13

19. The skin care composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a fast-acting skin tightening agent.

20. 20. The skin care composition of claim 19, wherein the immediate skin tightening agent further comprises one or more of sodium silicate, polyol, clay, soft focus powder, polysaccharide, resin, naturally derived polymer, synthetic polymer, and moisturizer.

21. 21. The skin care composition of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the skin is the skin of the hands, chest, neck, arms, legs, around the eyes, forehead, face and trunk.

22. 22. The skin care composition of any one of claims 1 to 21, formulated as a paste, ointment, cream, lotion, gel, or milk.

23. A method for protecting skin, comprising applying to the skin the skin care composition of any one of claims 1 to 22.

24. A method for treating skin wrinkles, comprising applying the composition of any one of claims 1 to 21 to the skin surface of a human subject in need thereof.

25. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 22 for at least one of preventing the appearance of skin wrinkles and removing skin wrinkles.

26. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 22 in the manufacture of a skin care cosmetic product.

27. 23. A skin care kit comprising two-part formulations that are activated when combined, wherein at least one of the two-part formulations comprises the skin care composition of any one of claims 1 to 22.

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