Battery management device and method

Abstract

A battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a measured full-cell profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the voltage and capacity of a battery; a profile determination unit configured to adjust a predetermined reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile or a plurality of sections of the measured full-cell profile, and to generate an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to a result of the adjustment; and a control unit configured to determine a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2022-0185033 and 10-2022-0185081 filed on December 26, 2022, 10-2022-0187182 filed on December 28, 2022, and 10-2023-0121415 filed on September 12, 2023, and the contents disclosed in the specifications and drawings of those applications are incorporated herein in their entirety.

[0002] The present invention relates to a battery management apparatus and method, and more particularly to a battery management apparatus and method for estimating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile for a battery. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, as demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has grown rapidly and the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and artificial satellites has gained momentum, active research has been conducted into high-performance batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.

[0004] Currently, commercially available batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries are attracting attention due to their advantages of being able to be freely charged and discharged since they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, as well as their extremely low self-discharge rate and high energy density.

[0005] While various research efforts are being conducted on these batteries from the viewpoint of increasing capacity and density, improvements in lifespan and safety are also important. To improve battery safety, the current state of the battery must be accurately diagnosed.

[0006] In order to diagnose the current state of a battery most accurately, it is necessary to obtain and analyze the positive and negative electrode profiles of the battery. However, since it is practically impossible to disassemble and assemble a manufactured battery, there is a problem in that the positive and negative electrode profiles of a manufactured battery cannot be directly measured. Therefore, in order to diagnose the state of a battery more accurately, a technology is needed that can accurately estimate the positive and negative electrode profiles of a battery. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery management device and method capable of accurately estimating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile for a battery.

[0008] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood from the following description and become more apparent from the embodiments of the present invention, and can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a measured full-cell profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of a battery; a profile determination unit configured to adjust a predetermined reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile or a plurality of sections of the measured full-cell profile, and to generate an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment result; and a control unit configured to determine a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0010] The profile acquisition unit may be further configured to acquire a full-cell differential profile corresponding to the measured full-cell profile and indicating a correspondence between capacitance and differential voltage.

[0011] The profile determination unit may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on at least one of a plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

[0012] The profile determination unit may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into a plurality of sections based on the volumes of a plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

[0013] The profile determination unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to each of the plurality of sections, and generate the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to each of the plurality of sections.

[0014] The profile determination unit may be configured to generate a plurality of adjusted positive electrode profiles such that an end point of an adjusted positive electrode profile in a previous section is the same as a start point of an adjusted positive electrode profile in a next section, and to generate a plurality of adjusted negative electrode profiles such that an end point of an adjusted negative electrode profile in the previous section is the same as a start point of an adjusted negative electrode profile in the next section.

[0015] The profile determiner may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into a plurality of sections based on a plurality of reference peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

[0016] The profile determination unit may set a weight value for each of the plurality of sections, and adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on the weight value to correspond to the measured full-cell profile.

[0017] The profile determination unit may be configured to set a weight for a target section including at least one of a plurality of target peaks included in the full-cell differential profile to be greater than weights for the remaining sections.

[0018] The profile determination unit may be configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile based on the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile, and to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that an error rate between the comparative full-cell profile and the measured full-cell profile decreases as a section having a larger set weight value increases.

[0019] The profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire, as the electrode differential profile, at least one of a positive polar differential profile corresponding to the reference positive polar profile and a negative polar differential profile corresponding to the reference negative polar profile.

[0020] The profile determination unit may divide the corresponding reference electrode profile of the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile into a plurality of electrode sections based on at least one of a plurality of electrode peaks included in the electrode differential profile, and adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile by adjusting each of the plurality of electrode sections.

[0021] The profile determiner may be configured to independently adjust each of the plurality of electrode sections.

[0022] The profile determination unit may be configured to divide the reference positive electrode profile into a plurality of positive electrode sections based on at least one of a plurality of positive electrode peaks included in the positive electrode differential profile when the positive electrode differential profile is included in the electrode differential profile.

[0023] The profile determination unit may be configured to divide the reference negative electrode profile into a plurality of negative electrode sections based on at least one of a plurality of negative electrode peaks included in the negative electrode differential profile when the negative electrode differential profile is included in the electrode differential profile.

[0024] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0025] A motor vehicle according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0026] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a battery management method includes a profile acquisition step of acquiring a measured full-cell profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the voltage and capacity of a battery; a profile adjustment step of adjusting a predetermined reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile or a plurality of sections of the measured full-cell profile; a profile generation step of generating an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to a result of the adjustment; and a factor determination step of determining a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management device can estimate the positive and negative electrode profiles of a battery that cannot be measured directly by adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile.

[0028] In addition, the battery management unit can determine diagnostic factors that indicate the current state of the battery, and can diagnose the current state of the battery based on the diagnostic factors. That is, the battery management unit can determine diagnostic factors that can diagnose the current state of the battery in a non-destructive manner.

[0029] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and other effects of the present invention not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

[0030] The following drawings attached to this specification, together with the detailed description of the invention described below, serve to further understand the technical concept of the present invention, and the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the matters described in the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0031] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] FIG. 10 shows a measured full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 shows a reference positive electrode profile, a reference negative electrode profile, and a reference full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 shows a measured full cell profile and a reference full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 illustrates a reference full cell profile and a comparative full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 shows a full cell differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 illustrates a measured full cell profile and multiple sections according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 shows a measured full cell profile and a first comparative full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 shows a full cell differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates a measured full cell profile and multiple sections according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11]FIG. 1 shows a measured full cell profile and a second comparative full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 illustrates a positive polar derivative profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 illustrates a negative polar derivative profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 shows a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 shows a measured full cell profile and a third comparative full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] 10A and 10B illustrate an exemplary configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] The terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary and dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as having meanings and concepts that correspond to the technical ideas of the present invention, in accordance with the principle that the inventor himself can appropriately define the concepts of terms in order to best explain the invention.

[0033] Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical idea of ​​the present invention, and that there may be various equivalents and modifications that can be substituted therefor at the time of this application.

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of related known structures or functions may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.

[0035] Terms including ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish one of various components from other components, and do not limit the components.

[0036] Throughout this specification, when a part is said to "comprise" a certain element, this does not mean that it excludes other elements, but that it may further include other elements, unless otherwise specified.

[0037] Furthermore, throughout this specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, this includes not only a "direct connection" but also an "indirect connection" via other elements.

[0038] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery management device 100 includes a profile acquisition unit 110, a profile determination unit 120, and a control unit .

[0041] Here, a battery refers to a physically separable, independent cell having a negative terminal and a positive terminal. For example, a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery. The battery may be cylindrical, rectangular, or pouch-shaped. A battery may also refer to a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, a battery will be described as meaning a single independent cell.

[0042] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a measured full-cell profile M that indicates the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery.

[0043] Specifically, the measured full-cell profile M is a profile that indicates the correspondence between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC (state of charge) is charged from 0% to 100%.

[0044] For example, the C rate is not particularly limited when charging or discharging to generate the measured full-cell profile M. However, in order to obtain a more accurate measured full-cell profile M and full-cell differential profile D, it is preferable to charge or discharge the battery at a low rate. For example, the measured full-cell profile M can be generated in the process of charging or discharging the battery at 0.05 C.

[0045] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may directly receive the measured full-cell profile M of the battery from an external device. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire the measured full-cell profile M by being connected to an external device via a wired and / or wireless connection and receiving the measured full-cell profile M.

[0046] As another example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may receive battery information about the voltage and capacity of the battery, and may acquire the measured full-cell profile M by generating the measured full-cell profile M based on the received battery information.

[0047] FIG. 2 shows a measured full cell profile M according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the measured full-cell profile M may be represented by a two-dimensional XY graph with the X-axis set to capacity (Ah) and the Y-axis set to voltage (V).

[0049] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be communicatively connected to the control unit 130. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be connected to the control unit 130 via a wired and / or wireless connection. The profile acquisition unit 110 may transmit the acquired measured full-cell profile M to the profile determination unit 120.

[0050] The profile determination unit 120 can adjust the preset reference positive electrode profile Rp and reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to the measured full-cell profile M or a plurality of sections of the measured full-cell profile M.

[0051] Here, the reference positive electrode profile Rp may be a profile showing the correspondence relationship between the capacity and voltage of a reference positive electrode cell that is preset to correspond to the positive electrode of a battery. For example, the reference positive electrode cell may be a positive electrode coin half cell or the positive electrode of a three-electrode cell. And the reference negative electrode profile Rn may be a profile showing the correspondence relationship between the capacity and voltage of a reference negative electrode cell that is preset to correspond to the negative electrode of a battery. For example, the reference negative electrode cell may be a negative electrode coin half cell or the negative electrode of a three-electrode cell.

[0052] Specifically, the profile determiner 120 may determine whether the measured full-cell profile M is divided into multiple sections according to a predetermined capacity criterion. For example, the profile determiner 120 may determine whether the entire capacity section of the measured full-cell profile M is divided into multiple sections. As a specific example, the profile determiner 120 may determine whether the measured full-cell profile M is divided into multiple sections according to a first capacity criterion (see FIGS. 6 and 7) or a second capacity criterion (see FIGS. 9 and 10).

[0053] FIG. 3 shows a reference positive electrode profile Rp, a reference negative electrode profile Rn, and a reference full-cell profile R according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] In the embodiment of Figure 3, the positive electrode engagement start point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp is pi0, and the positive electrode engagement end point is pf0. The negative electrode engagement start point in the reference negative electrode profile Rn is ni0, and the negative electrode engagement end point is nf0. The reference full-cell profile R is a reference for the same capacity and can be expressed as the difference between the positive electrode potential of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the negative electrode potential of the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0055] Specifically, depending on the section of the measured full-cell profile M, the adjustment target of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn may be the entire section of the measured full-cell profile M or each section of the measured full-cell profile M.

[0056] For example, if the measured full-cell profile M is not divided into multiple sections, the profile determination unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to all sections of the measured full-cell profile M. Here, one adjustment result may be derived for the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0057] Specifically, the profile determination unit 120 can shift or capacity scale the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to generate multiple comparative full-cell profiles S, and identify, from among the multiple comparative full-cell profiles S, the comparative full-cell profile S that has the smallest error with the measured full-cell profile M. Then, an adjusted positive electrode profile Rp′ and an adjusted negative electrode profile Rn′ corresponding to the identified comparative full-cell profile S can be determined.

[0058] As another example, if the measured full-cell profile M is divided into multiple sections, the profile determination unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to each section of the measured full-cell profile M. If the measured full-cell profile M is divided into n sections (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2), the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn may be adjusted to correspond to each of the n sections. That is, one (see FIG. 11) or n (see FIG. 8) adjustment results may be derived for the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0059] FIG. 4 shows a measured full cell profile M and a reference full cell profile R according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] 4, the reference full-cell profile R and the measured full-cell profile M may not correspond to each other and may be different. For example, the voltage range of the measured full-cell profile M and the voltage range of the reference full-cell profile R may be the same, 3.0 V to 4.0 V, but the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile M may be 5 Ah to 45 Ah, while the capacity range of the reference full-cell profile R may be 5 Ah to 50 Ah. Because the reference full-cell profile R and the measured full-cell profile M are different, the profile determination unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to the measured full-cell profile M.

[0061] The profile determiner 120 may be configured to generate an adjusted positive polarity profile Rp' and an adjusted negative polarity profile Rn' according to the result of the adjustment.

[0062] Specifically, the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' is the result of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp, and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' is the result of adjusting the reference negative electrode profile Rn. That is, the comparative full-cell profile S is determined according to the results of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn, and the comparative full-cell profile S is based on the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'. Therefore, the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' can be strongly estimated as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery.

[0063] FIG. 5 shows a reference full cell profile R and a comparative full cell profile S according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the reference positive electrode profile Rp can be adjusted to the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp', and the reference negative electrode profile Rn can be adjusted to the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'. That is, the reference full-cell profile R can be adjusted to the comparative full-cell profile S. Specifically, the positive electrode engagement start point pi0 of the reference positive electrode profile Rp can be adjusted to the positive electrode engagement start point pi of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp', and the positive electrode engagement end point pf0 of the reference positive electrode profile Rp can be adjusted to the positive electrode engagement end point pf of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp'. The negative electrode engagement start point ni0 of the reference negative electrode profile Rn can be adjusted to the negative electrode engagement start point ni of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn', and the negative electrode engagement end point nf0 of the reference negative electrode profile Rn can be adjusted to the negative electrode engagement end point nf of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0065] The control unit 130 may be configured to determine a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0066] Specifically, the diagnostic factors may include at least one of a positive electrode factor and a negative electrode factor. That is, the control unit 130 may be configured to determine a positive electrode factor for the battery from the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp'. Also, the control unit 130 may be configured to determine a negative electrode factor for the battery from the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0067] For example, the positive polarity factors may include a positive polarity engagement start point pi, a positive polarity engagement end point pf, and a positive polarity change ratio ps.

[0068] The positive electrode engagement starting point pi is the starting point of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp'. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 5, the positive electrode engagement starting point pi is the point in the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' corresponding to a capacity of 5 Ah.

[0069] The positive electrode engagement end point pf is the end point of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp'. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 5, the positive electrode engagement end point pf is the point in the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' corresponding to a capacity of 45 Ah.

[0070] The positive electrode change ratio ps may refer to the change ratio (%) of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' relative to the reference positive electrode profile Rp. Specifically, the positive electrode change ratio ps may be the contraction ratio or expansion ratio of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' relative to the reference positive electrode profile Rp. For example, if the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' is contracted by 10% from the reference positive electrode profile Rp, the positive electrode change ratio ps is 90%. Conversely, if the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' is expanded by 10% from the reference positive electrode profile Rp, the positive electrode change ratio ps is 110%.

[0071] As another example, the negative electrode factors may include a negative electrode engagement start point ni, a negative electrode engagement end point nf, and a negative electrode change rate ns.

[0072] The negative electrode engagement starting point ni is the starting point of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 5, the negative electrode engagement starting point ni is the point in the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' corresponding to a capacity of 5 Ah.

[0073] The negative electrode engagement end point nf is the end point of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 5, the negative electrode engagement end point nf is the point in the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' corresponding to a capacity of 45 Ah.

[0074] The negative electrode change ratio ns may refer to the change ratio (%) of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' relative to the reference negative electrode profile Rn. Specifically, the negative electrode change ratio ns may be the contraction ratio or expansion ratio of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' relative to the reference negative electrode profile Rn. For example, if the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' is contracted by 10% from the reference negative electrode profile Rn, the negative electrode change ratio ns is 90%. Conversely, if the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' is expanded by 10% from the reference negative electrode profile Rn, the negative electrode change ratio ns is 110%.

[0075] The battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can estimate the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of a battery that cannot be directly measured by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn. Furthermore, the battery management system 100 can determine diagnostic factors that indicate the current state of the battery, and can diagnose the current state of the battery based on the diagnostic factors. That is, the battery management system 100 can determine diagnostic factors that can diagnose the current state of the battery in a non-destructive manner.

[0076] For example, assume that the control unit 130 determines the positive electrode change ratio ps as a diagnostic factor. The control unit 130 may compare the determined positive electrode change ratio ps with a reference ratio preset for the battery. The control unit 130 may then diagnose the battery condition based on the ratio difference between the positive electrode change ratio ps and the reference ratio. If the calculated ratio difference is equal to or greater than a critical value, the control unit 130 may diagnose the battery condition as an abnormal state or a deteriorated state. Conversely, if the ratio difference is less than the critical value, the control unit 130 may diagnose the battery condition as a normal state.

[0077] As another example, assume that the control unit 130 determines the positive electrode change ratios ps for the plurality of batteries as a diagnostic factor. The control unit 130 may diagnose the relative deterioration levels of the plurality of batteries by comparing the magnitudes of the determined positive electrode change ratios ps. For example, the control unit 130 may diagnose that the battery is relatively more deteriorated as the determined positive electrode change ratio ps increases.

[0078] Although the embodiment in which the control unit 130 diagnoses the battery state using the positive electrode change ratio ps has been described above, it should be noted that the battery state can be diagnosed based on at least one of the diagnostic factors.

[0079] Furthermore, the control unit 130 may diagnose the battery state by combining the diagnostic results for a plurality of diagnostic factors. For example, the control unit 130 may diagnose the battery state based on the majority of the diagnostic results for a plurality of diagnostic factors.

[0080] Meanwhile, the control unit 130 included in the battery management device 100 may selectively include a processor, an ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc., known in the art, to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. When the control logic is embodied as software, the control unit 130 may be embodied as a collection of program modules. In this case, the program modules may be recorded in memory and executed by the control unit 130. The memory may be provided inside or outside the control unit 130 and may be connected to the control unit 130 by various known means.

[0081] The battery management system 100 may further include a recording unit 140. The recording unit 140 may store data and programs necessary for each component of the battery management system 100 to operate and function, or data generated during the operation and function. The recording unit 140 may be any known information recording means capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. For example, the information recording means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc. The recording unit 140 may also store program code defining processes executable by the control unit 130.

[0082] For example, the recording unit 140 may store a reference positive electrode profile Rp, a reference negative electrode profile Rn, a reference full cell profile R, a measured full cell profile M, an adjusted positive electrode profile Rp', an adjusted negative electrode profile Rn', a comparative full cell profile S, positive electrode factors, and negative electrode factors.

[0083] Hereinafter, a first embodiment in which the profile determination unit 120 adjusts the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

[0084] Specifically, FIG. 6 shows a full cell differential profile D according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 shows a measured full cell profile M and multiple sections according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 shows a measured full cell profile M and a first comparative full cell profile S1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be further configured to acquire a full-cell differential profile D that corresponds to the measured full-cell profile M and indicates a correspondence between capacitance and differential voltage.

[0086] Specifically, the full-cell differential profile D is a profile obtained by differentiating the measured full-cell profile M with respect to the capacitance. That is, the full-cell differential profile D is a profile that shows the correspondence between the capacitance and the differential voltage. Here, the differential voltage is a value obtained by differentiating the voltage (V) with respect to the capacitance (Q), and can be expressed as "dV / dQ."

[0087] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the full-cell differential profile D can be represented by a two-dimensional XY graph with the X-axis set to capacity (Ah) and the Y-axis set to differential voltage (dV / dQ).

[0088] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may directly receive the full-cell differential profile D of the battery from an external source. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire the full-cell differential profile D by receiving the full-cell differential profile D through a wired and / or wireless connection to an external source.

[0089] As another example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may generate the full-cell differential profile D based on the received measured full-cell profile M or the directly generated measured full-cell profile M. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire the full-cell differential profile D by differentiating the measured full-cell profile M with respect to the capacitance to directly generate the full-cell differential profile D.

[0090] The profile acquisition unit 110 can transmit the acquired full-cell differential profile D to the profile determination unit 120.

[0091] The profile determiner 120 may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile M into a plurality of sections based on at least one of a plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile D.

[0092] Specifically, the peak refers to a point corresponding to an inflection point in the measured full-cell profile M. In other words, the peak refers to a point in the full-cell differential profile D where the instantaneous rate of change of the differential voltage with respect to the capacity is zero. For example, the maximum and minimum points in the full-cell differential profile D can be determined as peaks.

[0093] 6, the profile determiner 120 may determine a first peak p1, a second peak p2, a third peak p3, a fourth peak p4, a fifth peak p5, a sixth peak p6, and a seventh peak p7 from the full-cell differential profile D. Here, the first peak p1, the third peak p3, the fifth peak p5, and the seventh peak p7 correspond to minimum points in the full-cell differential profile D, and the second peak p2, the fourth peak p4, and the sixth peak p6 correspond to maximum points in the full-cell differential profile D.

[0094] Specifically, the profile determiner 120 may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile M into a plurality of sections based on the volumes of a plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile D.

[0095] 7, the profile determiner 120 may divide the measured full-cell profile M into a first section R1 through an eighth section R8 based on a plurality of capacities (Q1 through Q7) corresponding to the first peak p1, the second peak p2, the third peak p3, the fourth peak p4, the fifth peak p5, the sixth peak p6, and the seventh peak p7. Here, the first section R1 is a capacity section from 0 Ah to Q1, the second section R2 is a capacity section from Q1 to Q2, and the third section R3 is a capacity section from Q2 to Q3. The fourth section R4 is a capacity section from Q3 to Q4, the fifth section R5 is a capacity section from Q4 to Q5, and the sixth section R6 is a capacity section from Q5 to Q6. The seventh section R7 is a capacity section from Q6 to Q7, and the eighth section R8 is a capacity section from Q7 to 45 Ah.

[0096] The profile determination unit 120 can adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to each of the multiple sections. That is, the profile determination unit 120 can be configured to generate an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to each of the multiple sections.

[0097] Specifically, the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn can be adjusted to correspond to the respective sections of the measured full-cell profile M.

[0098] 7, the profile determination unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn with respect to the first section R1 of the measured full-cell profile M. Specifically, the profile determination unit 120 may identify a comparative full-cell profile that is most similar (e.g., has a small error) to the measured full-cell profile M in the first section R1 from among a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles generated by the profile determination unit 120. Then, the profile determination unit 120 may determine a first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1′ and a first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1′ corresponding to the identified comparative full-cell profile.

[0099] In a similar manner, the profile determination unit 120 can determine the second adjusted positive electrode profile Rp2' to the eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8' and the second adjusted negative electrode profile Rn2' to the eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8' for each of the second section R2 to the eighth section R8 of the measured full cell profile M.

[0100] 8, a first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' and an adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' corresponding to the first section R1 may be determined, a second adjusted positive electrode profile Rp2' and a second adjusted negative electrode profile Rn2' corresponding to the second section R2 may be determined, a third adjusted positive electrode profile Rp3' and a third adjusted negative electrode profile Rn3' corresponding to the third section R3 may be determined, a fourth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp4' and a fourth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn4' corresponding to the fourth section R4 may be determined, a fifth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp5' and a fifth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn5' corresponding to the fifth section R5 may be determined, and a sixth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp6' and a sixth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn6' corresponding to the sixth section R6 may be determined. A seventh adjusted positive electrode profile Rp7' and a seventh adjusted negative electrode profile Rn7' corresponding to the seventh section R7 can be determined, and an eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8' and an eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8' corresponding to the eighth section R8 can be determined.

[0101] The control unit 130 can determine a positive electrode factor from each of the multiple adjusted positive electrode profiles (first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' to eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8') and can determine a negative electrode factor from each of the multiple adjusted negative electrode profiles (first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' to eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8').The control unit 130 can then diagnose the positive electrode state of the battery in the corresponding section based on each of the multiple determined positive electrode factors.The control unit 130 can also diagnose the negative electrode state of the battery in the corresponding section based on each of the multiple determined negative electrode factors.

[0102] 8, the control unit 130 can determine the positive electrode contribution start points (pi1 to pi8), positive electrode contribution end points (pf1 to pf8), and positive electrode change ratios (ps1 to ps8) of the first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' to the eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8'. Similarly, the control unit 130 can determine the negative electrode contribution start points (ni1 to ni8), negative electrode contribution end points (nf1 to nf8), and negative electrode change ratios (ns1 to ns8) of the first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' to the eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8'.

[0103] For example, the control unit 130 can determine the degree of positive electrode deterioration for each of the first section R1 to the eighth section R8 by taking into account the multiple positive electrode change ratios (ps1 to ps8). Specifically, the control unit 130 can determine the positive electrode change ratio for each of the first section R1 to the eighth section R8 as the degree of positive electrode deterioration for that section. Therefore, the control unit 130 can determine the section among the first section R1 to the eighth section R8 in which the positive electrode has deteriorated the most.

[0104] As another example, the control unit 130 may determine the degree of negative electrode deterioration for each of the first to eighth sections R1 to R8 by taking into account the change ratios (ns1 to ns8) of the multiple negative electrodes. Specifically, the control unit 130 may determine the change ratio of the negative electrode for each of the first to eighth sections R1 to R8 as the degree of negative electrode deterioration for that section. Therefore, the control unit 130 may determine the section among the first to eighth sections R1 to R8 in which the negative electrode has deteriorated the most.

[0105] 8, the profile determination unit 120 can determine a first comparative full-cell profile S1 corresponding to the measured full-cell profile M based on the first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' to the eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8' and the first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' to the eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8'. The control unit 130 can determine the positive electrode contribution start point of the battery as pi1 and the positive electrode contribution end point as pf8. The control unit 130 can also determine the negative electrode contribution start point of the battery as ni1 and the negative electrode contribution end point as nf8.

[0106] Preferably, the profile determination unit 120 can generate a plurality of adjusted positive electrode profiles (first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' to eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8') so that the end point of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' in the immediately preceding section is the same as the start point of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' in the next section. Similarly, the profile determination unit 120 can generate a plurality of adjusted negative electrode profiles (first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' to eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8') so that the end point of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' in the immediately preceding section is the same as the start point of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' in the next section.

[0107] Specifically, the adjusted positive electrode profiles (first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' to eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8') are determined as a whole as the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' of the battery, so the adjusted positive electrode profiles (first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' to eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8') must be continuous. Similarly, the adjusted negative electrode profiles (first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' to eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8') are determined as a whole as the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' of the battery, so the adjusted negative electrode profiles (first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' to eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8') must be continuous.

[0108] 8, the profile determination unit 120 may set the positive electrode contribution start point pi2 of the second adjusted positive electrode profile Rp2' to be the same as the positive electrode contribution end point pf1 of the first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1', and then determine the positive electrode contribution end point pf2 of the second adjusted positive electrode profile Rp2'. Similarly, the profile determination unit 120 may set the positive electrode contribution start points (pi3 to pi8) of the third adjusted positive electrode profile Rp3' to the eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8' to correspond to the positive electrode contribution end points (pf2 to pf7) of the second adjusted positive electrode profile Rp2' to the seventh adjusted positive electrode profile Rp7', respectively.

[0109] 8, the profile determination unit 120 may set the negative electrode contribution start point ni2 of the second adjusted negative electrode profile Rn2' to be the same as the negative electrode contribution end point nf1 of the first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1', and then determine the negative electrode contribution end point nf2 of the second adjusted negative electrode profile Rn2'. Similarly, the profile determination unit 120 may set the negative electrode contribution start points (ni3 to ni8) of the third adjusted negative electrode profile Rn3' to the eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8' to correspond to the negative electrode contribution end points (nf2 to nf7) of the second adjusted negative electrode profile Rn2' to the seventh adjusted negative electrode profile Rn7', respectively.

[0110] 8, the control unit 130 may determine the positive electrode involvement start point of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' for the battery as pi1 and the positive electrode involvement end point as pf8. The control unit 130 may also determine the negative electrode involvement start point of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' for the battery as ni1 and the negative electrode involvement end point as nf8.

[0111] The battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can determine the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery for each of the plurality of sections by determining an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile for each of the plurality of sections. That is, the battery management system 100 can estimate the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode for each of the plurality of sections, and therefore can derive diagnostic factors that can more accurately diagnose the state of the battery. Furthermore, the battery management system 100 can more accurately and precisely diagnose the state of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery through the derived diagnostic factors.

[0112] Hereinafter, a second embodiment in which the profile determination unit 120 adjusts the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

[0113] FIG. 9 shows a full-cell differential profile D according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 10 shows a measured full-cell profile M and multiple sections (R1 to R5) according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11 shows a measured full-cell profile M and a second comparative full-cell profile S2 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0114] The profile determination unit 120 may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile M into a plurality of sections (R1 to R5) based on a plurality of reference peaks included in the full-cell differential profile D.

[0115] Specifically, the reference peaks are peaks corresponding to minimum points in the full-cell differential profile D. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 9, the multiple reference peaks may include a first peak p1, a third peak p3, a fifth peak p5, and a seventh peak p7.

[0116] 10, the profile determiner 120 may divide the measured full-cell profile M into a first interval R1, a second interval R2, a third interval R3, a fourth interval R4, and a fifth interval R5 based on a plurality of capacities (Q1, Q3, Q5, and Q7) corresponding to reference peaks (p1, p3, p5, and p7). Here, the first interval R1 is a capacity interval from 0 Ah to Q1, the second interval R2 is a capacity interval from Q1 to Q3, and the third interval R3 is a capacity interval from Q3 to Q5. The fourth interval R4 is a capacity interval from Q5 to Q7, and the fifth interval R5 is a capacity interval from Q7 to 45 Ah.

[0117] The profile determination unit 120 may be configured to set a weight value for each of a plurality of sections (R1 to R5).

[0118] Here, the weight value set for each of the multiple sections (R1 to R5) is a value between 0 and 1, and the sum of the weight values ​​set is 1.

[0119] For example, the control unit 130 may set the weight value of each of the first interval R1, the second interval R2, the third interval R3, the fourth interval R4, and the fifth interval R5 to 0.2.

[0120] As another example, the control unit 130 may set weights for the first interval R1, the second interval R2, the third interval R3, the fourth interval R4, and the fifth interval R5 according to the importance of each interval. Specifically, some of the intervals (R1 to R5) reflect the state of the positive electrode of the battery, and other intervals reflect the state of the negative electrode of the battery. Therefore, the control unit 130 may set a high importance for the interval corresponding to the item to be diagnosed among the multiple intervals (R1 to R5). The weight for the interval with a high importance may be set higher than the weight for the other intervals.

[0121] Specifically, the profile determination unit 120 may be configured to set a weighting value for a target section including at least one of a plurality of target peaks included in the full-cell differential profile D greater than the weighting values ​​for the remaining sections.

[0122] Specifically, the target peaks are peaks corresponding to the local maxima of the full-cell differential profile D. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 9, the multiple target peaks may include a second peak p2, a fourth peak p4, and a sixth peak p6.

[0123] The control unit 130 may select at least one of the multiple target peaks depending on the diagnostic target and determine a section including the selected target peak as the target section. For example, if the diagnostic item is in a negative state, the control unit 130 may determine the second section R2 including the second peak p2 as the target section and assign the highest weight to the second section R2. As another example, if the diagnostic item is in a positive state, the control unit 130 may determine the fourth section R4 including the sixth peak p6 as the target section and assign the highest weight to the fourth section R4.

[0124] The profile determination unit 120 can adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to the measured full-cell profile M based on the weighted values.

[0125] Specifically, the profile determiner 120 can be configured to generate the second comparative full-cell profile S2 based on the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0126] For example, the profile determiner 120 may shift or capacity scale the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to generate multiple comparative full-cell profiles. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, the profile determiner 120 may determine a second comparative full-cell profile S2 corresponding to the measured full-cell profile M based on the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp′ and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn′. The controller 130 may determine the positive electrode engagement start point of the battery as pi and the positive electrode engagement end point as pf. The controller 130 may also determine the negative electrode engagement start point of the battery as ni and the negative electrode engagement end point as nf.

[0127] The profile determination unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the error rate between the comparison full-cell profile S and the measured full-cell profile M decreases in sections with larger set weight values.

[0128] For example, the profile determination unit 120 may identify, from among multiple comparative full-cell profiles, a comparative full-cell profile with a lowest error rate among multiple sections (R1 to R5) of the measured full-cell profile M, in descending order of weighting. Assuming that 100 comparative full-cell profiles have been generated and the target section is the second section R2, the profile determination unit 120 may identify, from among the 100 comparative full-cell profiles, a second comparative full-cell profile S2 with the lowest error rate in the second section R2. The profile determination unit 120 may then determine an adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' and an adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' corresponding to the identified second comparative full-cell profile S2. If there are multiple comparative full-cell profiles with the lowest error rate in the second section R2, the profile determination unit 120 may identify a second comparative full-cell profile S2 with a lower overall error rate for the entire capacity section of the measured full-cell profile M.

[0129] The battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention adjusts the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to the diagnosis items, thereby advantageously determining diagnostic factors that better reflect the battery state. That is, since optimal diagnostic factors corresponding to the diagnosis items can be determined, the battery state can be diagnosed more accurately.

[0130] Hereinafter, a third embodiment in which the profile determination unit 120 adjusts the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

[0131] FIG. 12 shows a positive polarity differential profile DRp according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 13 shows a negative polarity differential profile DRn according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 14 shows a reference positive electrode profile Rp and a reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 15 shows a measured full-cell profile M and a third comparative full-cell profile S3 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0132] The profile acquisition unit 110 can be configured to acquire, as the electrode differential profile, at least one of a positive polar differential profile DRp corresponding to the reference positive polar profile Rp and a negative polar differential profile DRn corresponding to the reference negative polar profile Rn.

[0133] Specifically, the positive polarity differential profile DRp is a profile obtained by differentiating the reference positive polarity profile Rp with respect to capacity, and the negative polarity differential profile DRn is a profile obtained by differentiating the reference negative polarity profile Rn with respect to capacity.

[0134] For example, in the embodiment of Fig. 12, the positive polar derivative profile DRp can be represented by a two-dimensional XY graph with the X axis set to capacitance (Ah) and the Y axis set to differential voltage (dV / dQ). In the embodiment of Fig. 13, the negative polar derivative profile DRn can be represented by a two-dimensional XY graph with the X axis set to capacitance (Ah) and the Y axis set to differential voltage (dV / dQ).

[0135] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may directly receive the positive polar differential profile DRp and the negative polar differential profile DRn of the battery from an external source. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may receive the profiles from an external source via a wire and / or wirelessly. As another example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may generate the positive polar differential profile DRp and the negative polar differential profile DRn based on a reference positive polar profile Rp and a reference negative polar profile Rn.

[0136] The profile determination unit 120 may be configured to divide the corresponding reference electrode profile of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn into a plurality of electrode sections based on at least one of a plurality of electrode peaks included in the electrode differential profile.

[0137] Specifically, the positive derivative profile DRp may include multiple positive peaks, and the negative derivative profile DRn may include multiple negative peaks.

[0138] In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the positive polarity differential profile DRp may include a first positive polarity peak pp1, a second positive polarity peak pp2, a third positive polarity peak pp3, and a fourth positive polarity peak pp4. Specifically, the positive polarity peaks may include peaks corresponding to the maximum points of the positive polarity differential profile DRp. The positive polarity peaks may include peaks corresponding to the minimum points of the multiple extreme values ​​of the positive polarity differential profile DRp where the capacity is the largest. The capacity of the first positive polarity peak pp1 is Qp1, the capacity of the second positive polarity peak pp2 is Qp2, the capacity of the third positive polarity peak pp3 is Qp3, and the capacity of the fourth positive polarity peak pp4 is Qp4.

[0139] 13, the negative polarity differential profile DRn may include a first negative polarity peak np1, a second negative polarity peak np2, and a third negative polarity peak np3. Specifically, the negative polarity peaks may include peaks corresponding to the maximum points of the negative polarity differential profile DRn. The capacity of the first negative polarity peak np1 is Qn1, the capacity of the second negative polarity peak np2 is Qn2, and the capacity of the third negative polarity peak np3 is Qn3.

[0140] 14, the profile determination unit 120 may divide the reference positive electrode profile Rp into a first positive electrode section PR1, a second positive electrode section PR2, a third positive electrode section PR3, a fourth positive electrode section PR4, and a fifth positive electrode section PR5. The first positive electrode section PR1 is a capacity section from 5 Ah to Qp1, and the second positive electrode section PR2 is a capacity section from Qp1 to Qp2. The third positive electrode section PR3 is a capacity section from Qp2 to Qp3, the fourth positive electrode section PR4 is a capacity section from Qp3 to Qp4, and the fifth positive electrode section PR5 is a capacity section from Qp4 to 50 Ah.

[0141] The profile determination unit 120 may also divide the reference negative electrode profile Rn into a first negative electrode section NR1, a second negative electrode section NR2, a third negative electrode section NR3, and a fourth negative electrode section NR4. The first negative electrode section NR1 is a capacity section from 5 Ah to Qn1, and the second negative electrode section NR2 is a capacity section from Qn1 to Qn2. The third negative electrode section NR3 is a capacity section from Qn2 to Qn3, and the fourth negative electrode section NR4 is a capacity section from Qn3 to 50 Ah.

[0142] The profile determination unit 120 can adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to the measured full-cell profile M while adjusting each of the multiple electrode sections.

[0143] Specifically, the profile determination unit 120 may be configured to independently adjust each of the plurality of electrode sections. That is, the profile determination unit 120 may independently adjust the change ratio of each of the plurality of electrode sections to determine an adjusted positive electrode profile Rp′ and an adjusted negative electrode profile Rn′ corresponding to the measured full-cell profile M.

[0144] The adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' can be divided into a plurality of adjusted positive electrode sections (PR1' to PR5'), and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' can be divided into a plurality of adjusted negative electrode sections (NR1' to NR4'). The adjusted positive electrode sections (PR1' to PR5') are each a modified version of the plurality of positive electrode sections (PR1 to PR5) of the reference positive electrode profile Rp, and the adjusted negative electrode sections (NR1' to NR4') are each a modified version of the plurality of negative electrode sections (NR1 to NR4) of the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0145] 15, the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' may be divided into a first adjusted positive electrode section PR1', a second adjusted positive electrode section PR2', a third adjusted positive electrode section PR3', a fourth adjusted positive electrode section PR4', and a fifth adjusted positive electrode section PR5', which correspond to the first positive electrode section PR1, the second positive electrode section PR2, the third positive electrode section PR3, the fourth positive electrode section PR4, and the fifth positive electrode section PR5, respectively, of the reference positive electrode profile Rp. The first adjusted positive electrode section PR1' is the section in which the first positive electrode section PR1 is changed, and the second adjusted positive electrode section PR2' is the section in which the second positive electrode section PR2 is changed. The third adjusted positive electrode section PR3' is the section in which the third positive electrode section PR3 is changed, the fourth adjusted positive electrode section PR4' is the section in which the fourth positive electrode section PR4 is changed, and the fifth adjusted positive electrode section PR5' is the section in which the fifth positive electrode section PR5 is changed. The control unit 130 can determine the positive electrode involvement start point pi and the positive electrode involvement end point pf of the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp'. Then, the control unit 130 can determine the positive electrode change ratios (ps1 to ps5) for each of the first adjusted positive electrode section RP1' to the fifth adjusted positive electrode section PR5'. For example, the control unit 130 can determine the ratio of the first adjusted positive electrode section PR1' to the first positive electrode section PR1 as the positive electrode change ratio ps1 for the first adjusted positive electrode section PR1'. That is, the control unit 130 can calculate the change ratios of the adjusted positive electrode sections (RP1' to PR5') to the positive electrode sections (PR1 to PR5) and determine the positive electrode change ratios (ps1 to ps5) for the multiple adjusted positive electrode sections (RP1' to PR5'). Similarly, the control unit 130 can determine the positive electrode change ratios (ps2 to ps5) for the second adjusted positive electrode section PR2' to the fifth adjusted positive electrode section PR5'.

[0146] Similarly, in the embodiment of FIG. 15, the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn′ may be divided into a first adjusted negative electrode section NR1′, a second adjusted negative electrode section NR2′, a third adjusted negative electrode section NR3′, and a fourth adjusted negative electrode section NR4′, which correspond to the first negative electrode section NR1, the second negative electrode section NR2, the third negative electrode section NR3, and the fourth negative electrode section NR4, respectively, of the reference negative electrode profile Rn. The first adjusted negative electrode section NR1′ is a section in which the first negative electrode section NR1 is changed, and the second adjusted negative electrode section NR2′ is a section in which the second negative electrode section NR2 is changed. The third adjusted negative electrode section NR3′ is a section in which the third negative electrode section NR3 is changed, and the fourth adjusted negative electrode section NR4′ is a section in which the fourth negative electrode section NR4 is changed. The control unit 130 may determine a negative electrode involvement start point n i and a negative electrode involvement end point n f of the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn′. The control unit 130 can then determine the negative electrode change ratios (ns1 to ns4) for each of the first adjusting negative electrode interval NR1', the second adjusting negative electrode interval NR2', the third adjusting negative electrode interval NR3', and the fourth adjusting negative electrode interval NR4'. For example, the control unit 130 can determine the ratio of the first adjusting negative electrode interval NR1' to the first negative electrode interval NR1 as the negative electrode change ratio ns1 for the first adjusting negative electrode interval NR1'. That is, the control unit 130 can calculate the change ratios of the adjusting negative electrode intervals (NR1' to NR4') to the negative electrode intervals (NR1 to NR4) and determine the negative electrode change ratios for the multiple adjusting negative electrode intervals (NR1' to NR4'). Similarly, the control unit 130 can determine the negative electrode change ratios (ns2 to ns4) for the second adjusting negative electrode interval NR2' to the fourth adjusting negative electrode interval NR4'.

[0147] The profile determiner 120 may determine a third comparative full-cell profile S3 corresponding to the measured full-cell profile M based on the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'. In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the controller 130 may determine the positive electrode involvement start point of the battery as pi and the positive electrode involvement end point as pf. The controller 130 may also determine the negative electrode involvement start point of the battery as ni and the negative electrode involvement end point as nf.

[0148] In other words, when a positive polar differential profile DRp is included in the electrode differential profile, the profile determination unit 120 may be configured to divide the reference positive polar differential profile Rp into multiple positive polar sections based on at least one of the multiple positive polar peaks included in the positive polar differential profile DRp. When a negative polar differential profile DRn is included in the electrode differential profile, the profile determination unit 120 may be configured to divide the reference negative polar differential profile Rn into multiple negative polar sections based on at least one of the multiple negative polar peaks included in the negative polar differential profile DRn. Above, with reference to FIGS. 12 to 14, we have described an embodiment in which both a positive polar differential profile DRp and a negative polar differential profile DRn are included in the electrode differential profile, the reference positive polar differential profile Rp is divided into multiple positive polar sections, and the reference negative polar differential profile Rn is divided into multiple negative polar sections. However, depending on the embodiment, the positive polar differential profile DRp or the negative polar differential profile DRn may be included in the electrode differential profile.

[0149] The battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile by adjusting a plurality of positive electrode sections and / or a plurality of negative electrode sections, respectively. That is, the battery management system 100 has an advantage in that it can determine detailed diagnostic factors for the battery. Therefore, the battery state can be diagnosed more precisely and accurately based on the diagnostic factors.

[0150] The battery management system 100 according to the present invention may be applied to a battery management system (BMS). That is, the BMS according to the present invention may include the battery management system 100 described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management system 100 may be implemented by complementing or adding functions of components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110, the profile determination unit 120, the control unit 130, and the recording unit 140 of the battery management system 100 may be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0151] The battery management system 100 according to the present invention may be included in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the above-described battery management system 100 and one or more battery cells. The battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.), a case, etc.

[0152] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0153] The positive terminal of the battery 10 may be connected to the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the battery 10 may be connected to the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1.

[0154] The measuring unit 20 may be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery 10. The measuring unit 20 may measure the positive and negative electrode potentials of the battery 10 and calculate the difference between the positive and negative electrode potentials to measure the voltage of the battery 10.

[0155] The measuring unit 20 may also be connected to a current measuring unit A. For example, the current measuring unit A may be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery 10. The measuring unit 20 may measure the charging current of the battery 10 using the current measuring unit A and calculate the charged amount. The measuring unit 20 may also measure the discharging current of the battery 10 through a third sensing line SL3 and calculate the discharged amount.

[0156] For example, information about the voltage and capacity of the battery 10 measured by the measurement unit 20 can be transmitted to the profile acquisition unit 110. Then, the profile acquisition unit 110 can directly generate the measured full-cell profile M based on the received information about the voltage and capacity.

[0157] As another example, information about the voltage and capacity of the battery 10 measured by the measurement unit 20 may be recorded in the recording unit 140. When charging or discharging of the battery 10 is completed, the profile acquisition unit 110 may access the recording unit 140 and acquire the measured full-cell profile M.

[0158] As yet another example, the measurement unit 20 may directly generate the measured full-cell profile M based on information about the measured voltage and capacity of the battery 10. In this case, the generated measured full-cell profile M may be transmitted to the profile acquisition unit 110 and also recorded in the recording unit 140.

[0159] A charge / discharge device or a load may be connected to the positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1.

[0160] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle 1700 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0161] 17 , a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention may be mounted on a vehicle 1700 such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). The battery pack 1710 may drive the vehicle 1700 by supplying power to a motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle 1700. Here, the battery pack 1710 may include the battery management device 100. That is, the vehicle 1700 may include the battery management device 100. In this case, the battery management device 100 may be an on-board diagnostic device included in the vehicle 1700.

[0162] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a battery management method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0163] Referring to FIG. 18, the battery management method may include a profile acquisition step S100, a profile adjustment step S200, a profile generation step S300, and a factor determination step S400.

[0164] Preferably, each step of the battery management method may be performed by the battery management device 100. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the contents overlapping with the above explanation will be omitted or briefly explained.

[0165] The profile acquisition step S100 is a step of acquiring a measured full-cell profile M that indicates the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0166] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may directly receive the measured full-cell profile M of the battery from an external device. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire the measured full-cell profile M by being connected to an external device via a wired and / or wireless connection and receiving the measured full-cell profile M.

[0167] As another example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may receive battery information about the voltage and capacity of the battery, and may acquire the measured full-cell profile M by generating the measured full-cell profile M based on the received battery information.

[0168] The profile adjustment step S200 is a step of adjusting the preset reference positive electrode profile Rp and reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to the measured full-cell profile M or multiple sections of the measured full-cell profile M, and can be performed by the profile determination unit 120.

[0169] In one embodiment, when the measured full-cell profile M is divided into multiple sections, the profile determination unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to each section of the measured full-cell profile M. Here, when the multiple sections are divided into n sections (n ​​is a natural number of 2 or more), the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn may be adjusted taking into account the n sections. That is, one (see FIG. 11) or n (see FIG. 8) adjustment results may be derived for the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0170] 8, the profile determination unit 120 can adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to each of the first section R1 to the eighth section R8. In this case, adjustment results can be derived for each of the first section R1 to the eighth section R8. That is, eight adjustment results based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn can be derived.

[0171] 11, the profile determination unit 120 determines a target section from the first section R1 to the fifth section R5 of the measured full-cell profile M, and adjusts the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the error rate in the target section is minimized. In this case, one adjustment result based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn can be derived.

[0172] In another embodiment, when the measured full-cell profile M is not divided into multiple sections, the profile determination unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to correspond to all sections of the measured full-cell profile M. Here, one adjustment result may be derived for the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0173] In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the profile determination unit 120 can divide the reference positive electrode profile Rp and / or the reference negative electrode profile Rn into multiple electrode sections and adjust each of the multiple electrode sections to correspond to the measured full-cell profile M.

[0174] The profile generating step S300 is a step of generating an adjusted positive polarity profile Rp′ and an adjusted negative polarity profile Rn′ according to the result of the adjustment, and may be performed by the profile determining unit 120.

[0175] 8, the profile determination unit 120 can determine first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' through eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8' and first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' through eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8' for the first section R1 through eighth section R8. A first comparative full-cell profile S1 can be determined based on the plurality of adjusted positive electrode profiles (first adjusted positive electrode profile Rp1' through eighth adjusted positive electrode profile Rp8') and the plurality of adjusted negative electrode profiles (first adjusted negative electrode profile Rn1' through eighth adjusted negative electrode profile Rn8').

[0176] 11, the profile determiner 120 may determine the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp′ and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn′ that minimize the error rate for the determined target section. A second comparative full-cell profile S2 may be determined based on the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp′ and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn′.

[0177] 15, the profile determination unit 120 can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' and an adjusted negative electrode profile Rn' by adjusting the first positive electrode section PR1 to the fifth positive electrode section PR5 and the first negative electrode section NR1 to the fourth negative electrode section NR4, respectively. A third comparative full-cell profile S3 can be determined based on the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0178] The factor determining step S400 is a step of determining a positive electrode factor for the battery from the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp′ and determining a negative electrode factor for the battery from the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn′, and can be performed by the control unit 130.

[0179] Specifically, the control unit 130 can determine the positive electrode involvement start point, positive electrode involvement end point, and positive electrode change ratio from the adjusted positive electrode profile Rp', and can determine the negative electrode involvement start point, negative electrode involvement end point, and negative electrode change ratio from the adjusted negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0180] The above-described embodiments of the present invention may be realized not only by an apparatus and a method, but also by a program that realizes functions corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such realization can be easily realized by a person skilled in the art from the description of the above-described embodiments.

[0181] As described above, the present invention has been described using limited embodiments and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and it goes without saying that various modifications and variations can be made by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains within the technical spirit of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims.

[0182] Furthermore, the present invention described above can be variously replaced, modified, and changed by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs within the scope that does not deviate from the technical concept of the present invention, and is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but can be configured by selectively combining all or part of each embodiment for various modifications. [Explanation of symbols]

[0183] 1: Battery pack 10: Battery 20: Measuring part 100: Battery management device 110: Profile acquisition unit 120: Profile determination unit 130: Control unit 140: Recording section 1700: Automobile 1710: Battery pack

Claims

1. a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a measured full-cell profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and the capacity of the battery; a profile determination unit configured to adjust a preset reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile or to a plurality of sections of the measured full-cell profile, and to generate an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to a result of the adjustment; a controller configured to determine a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile.

2. the profile acquisition unit is configured to further acquire a full-cell differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between capacitance and differential voltage corresponding to the measured full-cell profile; 2. The battery management device of claim 1, wherein the profile determination unit is configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on at least one of a plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

3. The battery management device of claim 2 , wherein the profile determination unit is configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on capacities of a plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

4. 3. The battery management device according to claim 2, wherein the profile determination unit is configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to each of the plurality of sections, and generate the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to each of the plurality of sections.

5. 5. The battery management device of claim 4, wherein the profile determination unit is configured to generate a plurality of adjusted positive electrode profiles such that an end point of the adjusted positive electrode profile in a previous section is identical to a start point of the adjusted positive electrode profile in a next section, and to generate a plurality of adjusted negative electrode profiles such that an end point of the adjusted negative electrode profile in the previous section is identical to a start point of the adjusted negative electrode profile in the next section.

6. The battery management device of claim 2 , wherein the profile determination unit is configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on a plurality of reference peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

7. 7. The battery management device of claim 6, wherein the profile determination unit sets a weight value for each of the plurality of sections, and adjusts the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile based on the weight value.

8. 8. The battery management device of claim 7, wherein the profile determination unit is configured to set a weight for a target section including at least one of a plurality of target peaks included in the full-cell differential profile to be greater than weights for the remaining sections.

9. 8. The battery management device of claim 7, wherein the profile determination unit is configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile based on the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile, and to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that an error rate between the comparative full-cell profile and the measured full-cell profile decreases as a range having a larger set weight value increases.

10. the profile acquisition unit is configured to acquire, as an electrode differential profile, at least one of a positive polarity differential profile corresponding to the reference positive polarity profile and a negative polarity differential profile corresponding to the reference negative polarity profile; 2. The battery management device of claim 1, wherein the profile determination unit is configured to divide the corresponding reference electrode profile of the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile into a plurality of electrode sections based on at least one of a plurality of electrode peaks included in the electrode differential profile, and adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile by adjusting each of the plurality of electrode sections.

11. The battery management device of claim 10 , wherein the profile determination unit is configured to independently adjust each of the plurality of electrode sections.

12. The profile determination unit If the positive polar differential profile is included in the electrode differential profile, dividing the reference positive polar profile into a plurality of positive polar sections based on at least one of a plurality of positive polar peaks included in the positive polar differential profile; 11. The battery management device of claim 10, wherein, when the negative polarity differential profile is included in the electrode differential profile, the reference negative polarity profile is divided into a plurality of negative polarity sections based on at least one of a plurality of negative polarity peaks included in the negative polarity differential profile.

13. A battery pack including the battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A motor vehicle including a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. a profile acquisition stage for acquiring a measured full-cell profile showing the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery; a profile adjusting step of adjusting a preset reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile or to a plurality of sections of the measured full-cell profile; a profile generating step of generating an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to the result of the adjustment; determining a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile.

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