Battery management system and battery management method

Abstract

A battery management system according to the present invention includes a memory and a control unit configured to execute a parameter acquisition procedure to determine the latest values ​​of a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter associated with a current state of a battery, wherein the control unit is configured to retrieve from the memory a parameter map in which a correspondence relationship between the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter is recorded, and to execute a map update procedure to update the parameter map based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery management system and a management method.

[0002] This application claims priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0154782 filed on November 9, 2023, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0122639 filed on September 9, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety in their specifications and drawings. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has grown rapidly, and as the commercialization of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, satellites, and other products has progressed in earnest, research into high-performance secondary batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged has become active.

[0004] Currently, commercially available batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Of these, lithium batteries are attracting attention due to their advantages of being able to be freely charged and discharged, having almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, a very low self-discharge rate, and a high energy density.

[0005] On the other hand, battery management systems (BMS) are used to manage these batteries and use them efficiently and stably. These battery management systems perform battery maintenance using parameters that directly or indirectly indicate the battery condition, such as voltage, current, and temperature, and active research efforts are being made to solve problems related to how to efficiently manage these parameters. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention provides a battery management system and a battery management method that updates a parameter map used to determine a particular parameter based on the value of the particular parameter determined by a parameter determination logic.

[0007] The present invention will be understood by the following description and will become more apparent by the embodiments of the present invention. It will also be readily apparent that the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof recited in the claims. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management system includes a memory and a controller configured to execute a parameter retrieval procedure to determine the latest values ​​of a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter associated with a current state of a battery. The controller is configured to retrieve from the memory a parameter map in which a correspondence relationship between the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter is recorded. The controller is configured to execute a map update procedure to update the parameter map based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

[0009] The control unit may be configured to determine one of a plurality of storage locations of the parameter map as a target storage location based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter, and to update the target map value of the third parameter recorded at the target storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter.

[0010] The controller may be configured to determine a target correction value based on a difference between a latest value of the third parameter and the target map value, and to update the target map value by adding the target correction value to the target map value.

[0011] The control unit may be configured to determine the target correction value by multiplying a difference between a latest value of the third parameter and the target map value by a reference coefficient and a target correction coefficient.

[0012] Each of the reference coefficient and the target correction coefficient may be a predetermined positive value.

[0013] The control unit may be configured to determine at least one of the plurality of storage locations other than the target storage location as an extended storage location, and the control unit may be configured to update the extended map value of the third parameter recorded in the extended storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target map value.

[0014] The controller may be configured to determine an extended correction value based on a difference between a most recent value of the third parameter and the updated target map value, and to update the extended map value by adding the extended correction value to the extended map value.

[0015] The control unit may be configured to determine the expansion correction value by multiplying the difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target map value by the reference coefficient and the expansion correction coefficient.

[0016] The reference coefficient may be a predetermined positive value. The control unit may be configured to determine the expansion correction coefficient based on a latest value of the first parameter, an index value of the first parameter linked to the expansion map value, a latest value of the second parameter, and an index value of the second parameter linked to the expansion map value.

[0017] The first parameter may be a state of charge (SOC), the second parameter may be a temperature, and the third parameter may be an internal resistance.

[0018] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes the battery management system.

[0019] An electric vehicle according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes the battery pack.

[0020] A battery management method according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes the steps of: executing a parameter acquisition procedure to determine the latest values ​​of a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter associated with a current state of a battery; retrieving from a memory a parameter map in which a correspondence relationship between the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter is recorded; and executing a map update procedure to update the parameter map based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

[0021] The step of updating the parameter map may include the steps of determining one of a plurality of storage locations of the parameter map as a target storage location based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter, and updating the target map value of the third parameter recorded in the target storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter.

[0022] The step of updating the parameter map may include the steps of determining at least one of the plurality of memory locations other than the target memory location as an extended memory location, and updating the extended map value of the third parameter recorded in the extended memory location based on the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target map value.

[0023] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a non-transitory readable storage medium stores a program for executing the steps of: storing in a memory a parameter map in which a correspondence relationship between a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter of a battery is recorded; executing a parameter acquisition procedure to determine the latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter associated with a current state of the battery; retrieving the parameter map from the memory; and updating the parameter map based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

[0024] The step of updating the parameter map may involve determining one of a plurality of storage locations of the parameter map as a target storage location based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter, and updating the target map value of the third parameter recorded in the target storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter.

[0025] The step of updating the parameter map may include determining a target correction value based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target map value, and adding the target correction value to the target map value to update the target map value. [Effects of the Invention]

[0026] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, a parameter map used to determine a particular parameter may be updated based on the value of the particular parameter determined by the parameter determination logic.

[0027] Furthermore, according to at least one of the embodiments of the present invention, when performing a parameter map update procedure for a specific parameter, not only the specific map value of the parameter map that is mapped to the latest value of another parameter, but also at least one other map value recorded in the parameter map can be extensively updated.

[0028] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those described above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the claims.

[0029] The drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and serve to further understand the technical concepts of the present invention as well as the content of the invention, and therefore the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to only the matters depicted in the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an electric vehicle according to the present invention; [Figure 2] 1 shows an example of a parameter map in the form of a table. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram referred to in explaining a map update procedure applied to the parameter map shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] 10 is a three-dimensional graph illustrating a comparison of two parameter maps before and after updating. [Figure 5] 10 is a three-dimensional graph showing the difference between map values ​​before and after updating. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram referred to in explaining the update procedure for individual map values ​​of the parameter map shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 7] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram referred to in explaining the update procedure for individual map values ​​of the parameter map shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 8] 10 is an example of a three-dimensional graph showing an expansion coefficient map utilized to update individual map values. [Figure 9] 10 is a flow chart illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a procedure diagram showing an outline of a subroutine that can be executed in step S930 in FIG. 9.

[0031] In some of the accompanying drawings, corresponding components are designated by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art will understand that the drawings illustrate elements simply and clearly and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, to facilitate understanding of the various embodiments, the dimensions of some of the illustrated elements may be exaggerated to some extent compared to other elements. Furthermore, elements of known technology that are useful or essential in commercially viable embodiments are often not depicted in order to avoid obscuring the spirit of the various embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, the terms and words used in the specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, but should be construed as having meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical ideas of the present invention, in accordance with the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concepts of terms himself in order to best describe the invention.

[0033] Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical idea of ​​the present invention, and that there may be various equivalent and modified embodiments that can be substituted for them at the time of this application.

[0034] Although ordinal terms such as "first," "second," etc. may be used to describe various components, the components are not limited by the terms and are used only to distinguish one component from another.

[0035] Throughout the specification, when a part "comprises" a certain element, this does not mean that it excludes other elements, but that it may further include other elements, unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, terms such as "controller" in the specification refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and may be embodied in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0036] Additionally, throughout this specification, when a part is said to be "connected" to another part, this includes not only "directly connected" but also "indirectly connected" via another element in between.

[0037] A battery management system that manages a battery may store a parameter map that indicates the correspondence between multiple parameters that directly or indirectly indicate the state of the battery. Using the parameter map has various advantages, such as reducing the computational load required to directly calculate the value of a specific parameter.

[0038] As a battery ages, it deteriorates and its characteristics gradually change. Therefore, the correspondence between parameters when the battery was new may no longer be useful once the battery is no longer new. Therefore, a procedure is needed to appropriately correct and update the parameter map in accordance with the deterioration of the battery.

[0039] Meanwhile, when determining the value of a specific parameter, a parameter map and a separate parameter determination logic may be used in parallel. However, in the past, even if the value of a specific parameter was determined (or learned) by the parameter determination logic, there was no method for adequately reflecting this in other values ​​in the parameter map. For example, even if the value of a specific parameter at a timing when the SOC is 50% and the temperature is 45°C is determined by the separate parameter determination logic, the specific value recorded in the memory location mapped to the same conditions (SOC 50% and temperature 45°C) in the parameter map remains unchanged. Furthermore, values ​​recorded in other memory locations in the parameter map also remain unchanged.

[0040] Furthermore, if an event occurs, such as when the battery management system is powered off, the values ​​of the specific parameters determined by the parameter determination logic are simply discarded.

[0041] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a battery management system and method capable of updating a parameter map used to determine a specific parameter based on the value of the specific parameter determined (or learned) by parameter determination logic.

[0042] In addition, the present invention provides a battery management system and method that, when performing a parameter map update procedure for a specific parameter, can not only update a specific map value in the parameter map that is mapped to the latest value of another parameter, but also scalably update at least one other map value recorded in the parameter map.

[0043] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an electric vehicle to which a battery management system according to the present invention is applied.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 1, an electric vehicle 1 includes a vehicle controller 2 (e.g., an electronic control unit (ECU)), a battery pack 10, a relay 20, an inverter 30, and an electric motor 40. Charging and discharging terminals P+ and P- of the battery pack 10 can be electrically coupled to a charger 3 via a charging cable or the like. The charger 3 may be incorporated in the electric vehicle 1 or may be provided in a charging station.

[0045] The vehicle controller 2 is configured to transmit a key-on signal to a battery management system 100 installed in the battery pack 10 in response to a start button (not shown) provided on the electric vehicle 1 being switched to an ON position by a user. The battery pack 10 may also include a battery group 11. The vehicle controller 2 is configured to transmit a key-off signal to the battery management system 100 in response to a start button being switched to an OFF position by a user. The charger 3 can supply constant current or constant voltage charging power via the charge / discharge terminals P+ and P- of the battery pack 10 by communicating with the vehicle controller 2.

[0046] The battery group 11 includes at least one battery B. The battery B may be a secondary battery, and its type is not particularly limited as long as it can be repeatedly charged and discharged.

[0047] When the battery group 11 includes a plurality of batteries B, the plurality of batteries B can be connected to each other in series, in parallel, or in a series-parallel configuration.

[0048] The relay 20 is electrically connected in series to the battery group 11 via a power path connecting the battery group 11 and the inverter 30. In FIG. 1 , the relay 20 is illustrated as being connected between the positive terminal of the battery group 11 and the charge / discharge terminal P+. The relay 20 is controlled to be turned on / off in response to a switching signal from the battery management system 100. According to one embodiment, the relay 20 may be a mechanical contactor that is turned on / off by the magnetic force of a coil, or may be a semiconductor switch such as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET).

[0049] The inverter 30 is arranged to convert direct current from the battery group 11 into alternating current in response to commands from the battery management system 100 or the vehicle controller 2 .

[0050] The electric motor 40 is driven using AC power from the inverter 30. According to one embodiment, the electric motor 40 may be a three-phase AC motor 40.

[0051] The battery management system 100 includes a voltage measurement unit 111, a current measurement unit 113, a temperature measurement unit 115, and a control unit 130. The battery management system 100 may further include a communication circuit 150.

[0052] The voltage measurement unit 111 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of battery B included in the battery group 11, and is configured to detect the terminal voltage, which is the voltage across both ends of battery B, and output a voltage signal SV indicating the detected terminal voltage to the control unit 130.

[0053] The current measurement unit 113 is connected in series to the battery group 11 via a current path between the battery group 11 and the inverter 30. The current measurement unit 113 is configured to detect a charge / discharge current, which is a current flowing through the battery group 11, and output a current signal SI indicating the detected charge / discharge current to the control unit 130. In one embodiment, the current measurement unit 113 can be realized by one or a combination of two or more current detection elements such as a shunt resistor, a Hall effect element, etc.

[0054] The temperature measurement unit 115 is configured to measure the temperature of the battery B and output a temperature signal ST indicating the measured temperature to the control unit 130. In one embodiment, the temperature measurement unit 115 may be realized by one or a combination of two or more temperature measurement elements such as a thermocouple, a thermistor, a bimetal, etc.

[0055] The voltage measuring unit 111, the current measuring unit 113, and the temperature measuring unit 115 may be collectively referred to as a "sensing unit."

[0056] The communication circuit 150 is configured to support wired or wireless communication between the control unit 130 and the vehicle controller 2. According to one embodiment, the wired communication may be controller area network (CAN) communication, and the wireless communication may be, for example, ZigBee (registered trademark) or Bluetooth (registered trademark) communication. It goes without saying that the type of communication protocol is not particularly limited as long as it supports wired or wireless communication between the control unit 130 and the vehicle controller 2. The communication circuit 150 may include an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker) that provides information received from the control unit 130 and / or the vehicle controller 2 in a form that can be recognized by a user.

[0057] The control unit 130 in the battery management system 100 is operatively coupled to the relay 20 as well as the voltage measurement unit 111, the current measurement unit 113, the temperature measurement unit 115, and the communication circuit 150. The fact that two components are operatively coupled means that the two components are directly or indirectly connected so as to be able to transmit and receive signals unidirectionally or bidirectionally.

[0058] The control unit 130 can collect a voltage signal SV from the voltage measurement unit 111, a current signal SI from the current measurement unit 113, and / or a temperature signal ST from the temperature measurement unit 115. The control unit 130 can convert the analog signals collected from the measurement units 111, 113, and 115 into digital values ​​and record them using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or the like provided inside.

[0059] The control unit 130 may also be referred to as a "control circuit" or a "battery controller," and may be implemented in hardware using at least one of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), microprocessors, and other electrical units for performing functions.

[0060] The memory 140 may include at least one type of storage medium, such as a flash memory type, a hard disk type, a solid state disk (SSD) type, a solid disk drive (SDD) type, a multimedia card micro type, a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a programmable read-only memory (PROM). The memory 140 may store data and programs necessary for calculations performed by the control unit 130. The memory 140 may store data indicating the results of calculations performed by the control unit 130. Although FIG. 1 illustrates the memory 140 as being physically separate from the control unit 130, it may also be incorporated into the control unit 130.

[0061] The control unit 130 may turn on the relay 20 in response to a key-on signal. The control unit 130 may turn off the relay 20 in response to a key-off signal. The key-off signal indicates a transition from cycle mode to sleep mode. Alternatively, the on / off control of the relay 20 may be performed by the vehicle controller 2 instead of the control unit 130.

[0062] While the relay 20 is turned on, the battery B of the battery group 11 is in a cycle mode, which is an operating state in which the battery group 11 can be charged or discharged.

[0063] While the relay 20 is turned off, the battery B of the battery group 11 is in a sleep mode. The sleep mode is an operating state in which the charging / discharging current to the battery group 11 is cut off and charging / discharging is not possible.

[0064] While the battery group 11 is in the cycle mode, the control unit 130 can determine (estimate) the state of charge (SOC) of battery B based on the measured values ​​of the voltage, current, and temperature of battery B by the voltage signal SV, the current signal SI, and the temperature signal ST. The SOC indicates the ratio of the remaining capacity of battery B to its fully charged capacity (maximum capacity).

[0065] FIG. 2 shows an example of a parameter map in the form of a table, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram referred to in explaining a map update procedure applied to the parameter map shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional graph illustrating an example of a comparison between two parameter maps before and after updating, and FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional graph showing the difference between the map values ​​before and after updating.

[0066] 2 records the correspondence between the first parameter and the second parameter of Battery B and the third parameter of Battery B. According to one embodiment, the parameter map 200 may be pre-stored in the memory 140.

[0067] At least one of the first parameter and the second parameter may be a predetermined generic parameter that is not directly related to the specific characteristics of battery B and can be commonly used to indicate the state of all types of batteries. For example, measurable parameters such as temperature, voltage, and current correspond to the generic parameters. For another example, SOC and State of Health (SOH), which are determined by applying a mathematical operation to at least one measurable parameter, also correspond to the generic parameters.

[0068] Unlike the first parameter and the second parameter, the third parameter may be a predetermined characteristic parameter that indicates the intrinsic characteristics of Battery B. For example, the internal resistance that indicates the electrochemical characteristics of Battery B corresponds to the characteristic parameter.

[0069] The first to third parameters indicate the state of Battery B and may be directly or indirectly linked to one another. For example, one of SOC, temperature, and internal resistance may be set as the first parameter, another as the second parameter, and the remaining as the third parameter. Even if the SOC is constant, within a specific temperature range, Battery B may tend to have a higher internal resistance as the temperature decreases. Also, even if the temperature is constant, within a specific SOC range, Battery B may tend to have a higher internal resistance as the SOC increases. For ease of explanation, the following will assume that the first parameter is SOC, the second parameter is temperature, and the third parameter is internal resistance.

[0070] The control unit 130 may determine a target map value for the third parameter from the parameter map 200 using the most recent values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter as indices.

[0071] The parameter map 200 may have a plurality of storage locations, each of which stores a plurality of map values ​​individually, and the target map value of the third parameter may be any one of all values ​​stored in the parameter map 200, stored in a storage location determined by two index values ​​corresponding to the latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter.

[0072] 2 and 3, parameter map 200 may assign a plurality of index values ​​to each of a first parameter and a second parameter. For example, when M and N are the same or different natural numbers of 2 or greater, the entire numerical range of the first parameter may be divided by first to M-th index values ​​S#1 to S#M, and the entire numerical range of the second parameter may be divided by first to N-th index values ​​T#1 to T#N. In this case, parameter map 200 stores first to M-th map values ​​R in first to M-th storage locations. 1,1 ~R M,N is recorded.

[0073] Therefore, the latest values ​​P of the first parameter and the second parameter are 1_i, P 2_j are given, the control unit 130 selects the two given values ​​P 1_i ,P 2_j The controller 130 may identify (determine) any one of the memory locations specified by the pair as the target memory location. The controller 130 may then read a map value, which is the third parameter value, recorded in the target memory location. The map value read from the target memory location may be referred to as a "target map value."

[0074] For example, when i is a natural number equal to or less than M and j is a natural number equal to or less than N, the control unit 130 determines the latest value P of the first parameter from among the first to Mth index values ​​S#1 to S#M for the first parameter. 1_i the i-th index value S#i and the latest value P of the second parameter among the first to N-th index values ​​T#1 to T#N for the second parameter that have the smallest difference from 2_j For reference, the index number associated with the i-th index value S#i may be i, and the index number associated with the j-th index value T#j may be j.

[0075] Identifying the ith index value S#i for the first parameter and the jth index value T#j for the second parameter means that the ijth storage location among the first to MNth storage locations is identified. The ijth storage location may be referred to as the "target storage location." As a result, the control unit 130 identifies the ijth map value R among the first to MNth map values. i,j can be determined as the target map value. For reference, when M=15, N=5, i=2, and j=3, M N =75 and ij=6.

[0076] The control unit 130 calculates the target map value R i,j can be used as an input variable to the map update logic. The latest value of the third parameter, P 3_i,j can be used as another input variable to the map update logic.

[0077] The latest values ​​P of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter 1_i , P 2_j , P 3_i,jmay be the most recently measured or calculated value. For example, the SOC as the first parameter may be calculated by the control unit 130 in real time or quasi-real time using amperage calculation, an extended Kalman filter, open circuit voltage (OCV)-SOC relationship data, etc. As another example, the temperature as the second parameter may be measured by the sensing unit (temperature measurement unit 115) in real time or quasi-real time according to a predetermined sampling rate. Not only the temperature, but also the voltage and current may be measured by the sensing units (voltage measurement unit 111 and current measurement unit 113) in real time or quasi-real time according to a predetermined sampling rate. As yet another example, the internal resistance as the third parameter may be calculated by the control unit 130 in real time or quasi-real time by applying Ohm's law to the measured values ​​of voltage and current. Needless to say, the method for determining the latest values ​​of the first to third parameters is not limited to the above example and may be replaced by a variety of other methods.

[0078] Regarding the third parameter, the method using the parameter map 200 has an advantage of requiring less computational load than a method using a separate estimation logic.

[0079] During operation in the normal mode, the control unit 130 may determine the map value read from the parameter map 200 as the value of the third parameter based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter. In contrast, when a predetermined map update event occurs, the control unit 130 activates a separately provided parameter estimation logic (e.g., an equation based on Ohm's law) instead of the parameter map 200 to determine the latest value P of the third parameter. 3_i,j A predetermined map update event may be, for example, the SOH of Battery B reaching a predetermined reference value (e.g., 98%, 96%, 94%).

[0080] When the map update logic is activated, the control unit 130 updates the target map value R i,jand the latest value of the third parameter P 3_i,j Based on this, the first to M-th map values ​​R recorded in the parameter map 200 are 1,1 ~R M,N Here, the latest value P 3_i,j is the value obtained by the estimation logic (e.g., Ohm's law equation), and the target map value R i-j may be a value specified in the parameter map 200.

[0081] In FIG. 3, the map update logic is activated as a result of the symbol R 1,1 '~R M,N ' is R 1,1 ~R M,N For example, the procedure according to the map update logic described above is used to update the parameter map 200 before updating (for example, R i,j ) is the updated value R i,j ' can be replaced with '.

[0082] 4, reference numeral 410 is a three-dimensional graph showing the relationship between the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter recorded in the parameter map 200 before updating. Reference numeral 420 is a three-dimensional graph showing the relationship between the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter recorded in the parameter map 200 after updating.

[0083] In FIG. 5, reference numeral 500 denotes the map value R recorded in the three-dimensional graph 410 of the parameter map 200. 1,1 ~R M,N and the map value R recorded in the three-dimensional graph 420 of the parameter map 200. 1,1 '~R M,N ' is a three-dimensional graph showing the individual deviations between '.' Such individual deviations are recognized to be due to changes in the characteristics caused by the deterioration of battery B.

[0084] It is well known that battery B gradually deteriorates over its life cycle, and the characteristics of battery B change due to the deterioration. That is, the relationship between the first to third parameters may also gradually change due to the deterioration. Therefore, unless an update process is performed on parameter map 200, the value of the third parameter determined from parameter map 200 may significantly deviate from the actual value of the third parameter that reflects the changed characteristics of battery B. The inventors of the present invention have found that when a predetermined map update event occurs, for example, when the SOH of battery B reaches a specific value, updating parameter map 200 based on the latest value of the third parameter determined using a separate estimation logic instead of parameter map 200 can provide an advantageous effect of accurately reflecting the changes in characteristics of battery B due to the deterioration in parameter map 200.

[0085] 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams referred to in explaining the update procedure for the individual map values ​​of the parameter map 200 shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 8 is an example of a three-dimensional graph showing an expansion coefficient map used to update the individual map values.

[0086] 6 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for updating the target map value of the parameter map 200. Referring to FIG. 6, the control unit 130 updates the latest value P 3_i,j and the target map value R of parameter map 200 i,j The target deviation ΔR is the difference between i,j The control unit 130 determines the target deviation ΔR i,j The standard coefficient W R and target correction coefficient W i,j Multiplying this gives the target correction value C i,j The reference coefficient W can be determined. R The target correction factor W can be a predetermined positive value. i,j may be a predetermined value or may be a value determined by the control unit 130. Thereafter, the control unit 130 calculates the target map value Ri,j and the target correction value C i,j and the updated target map value R i,j Through this process, the value recorded in the ijth memory location of the parameter map 200 is R i,j From R i,j ' will be able to be updated to '.

[0087] 7 is for explaining the procedure for updating the extended map value. When a is a natural number equal to or less than M, and b is a natural number equal to or less than N, and when a is different from i, or when b is different from j, the control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 can determine the ab-th storage location, which is different from the ij-th storage location, as the extended storage location. The control unit 130 updates the map value R recorded in the extended storage location. a,b may be determined as the extended map value subject to further additional updates.

[0088] Referring to FIG. 7, the control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 calculates the latest value P 3_i,j and the updated target map value R i,j ' and the target deviation ΔR i,j The control unit 130 determines the target deviation ΔR i,j ' to the standard coefficient W R and expansion correction coefficient W a,b Multiplying this gives the expansion correction value C a,b The expansion correction factor W can be determined. a,b The determination of the extended map value R will be described later with reference to FIG. a,b and the expansion correction value C a,b The updated extended map value R a,b As a result, the map value recorded in the ab-th memory location of the parameter map 200 is R a,b From R a,b ' will be able to be updated to '.

[0089] FIG. 8 is an example of a three-dimensional graph showing a correction coefficient map 800 output using a simulation. In FIG. 8, two axes (e.g., X-axis and Y-axis) for the first parameter and the second parameter, respectively, are the same as those in FIGS. 4 and 5, and the remaining axis (e.g., Z-axis) is for the correction coefficient. For example, in one embodiment, the axes of the map are composed of the first parameter "SOC" and the second parameter "temperature," and the correction coefficient is determined using a multivariate normal distribution. For example, if preset mean / variance values ​​of SOC and mean / variance values ​​of temperature are input, the correction coefficient can be calculated using the multivariate normal distribution. In the case of FIG. 8, it is assumed that arbitrary mean / variance values ​​of SOC and temperature are applied. As is clear from FIG. 8, the temperature is created with a target range of -10°C to 45°C and the SOC is created with a target range of 0 to 100%, and it is also assumed that the correction coefficient is extracted based on these targets. However, the method for calculating the correction coefficient is not limited to this; for example, it can be calculated using other types of distribution.

[0090] According to one embodiment, the control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 may generate the correction factor map 800 using the following Equation 1. Equation 1 may be a function associated with the probability density of a bivariate normal distribution, where the bivariate may be a first parameter and a second parameter.

[0091] (Equation 1)

number

[0092] In Equation 1, X = {x1 and x2}, x1 = the index value of the first parameter linked to the map value to be updated, x2 = the index value of the second parameter linked to the map value to be updated, and u1 = P 1_i , u2=P 2_j , and f(X) is the correction factor.

[0093] Also, σ1 may be a predetermined standard deviation for the first parameter, and σ2 may be a predetermined standard deviation for the second parameter. For example, σ1 may be set to be larger than σ2, taking into consideration that the variability of the internal resistance due to changes in SOC is not large, whereas the variability of the internal resistance due to changes in temperature is relatively large.

[0094] For updating the parameter map 200, the target deviation ΔR i,j The target correction factor W to be multiplied by i,j is the two latest values ​​P of the first and second parameters. 1_i , P 2_j may be the result value f(X) when these are input into x1 and x2 in Equation 1, respectively.

[0095] The control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 calculates the latest value P of the first parameter. 1_i and the extended map value R a,b The index value P of the first parameter linked to 1_a and the latest value of the second parameter P 2_j and the extended map value R a,b The index value P of the second parameter linked to 2_b Based on the expansion correction factor W a,b can be determined.

[0096] Expansion correction coefficient W a,b is the two latest values ​​P of the first and second parameters. 1_i , P 2_j Two values ​​P of a numerical pair where at least one of 1_a , P 2_b may be the result value f(X) when these are input into x1 and x2 in Equation 1, respectively.

[0097] For example, P 3_i,j =0.02[Ω], R i,j =0.0166[Ω], W R =0.2, W i,j = 1. Then, Ri,j '=R i,j +C i,j =R i,j +W R ×W i,j ×(P 3_i,j -R i,j )≒0.0173[Ω].

[0098] Another example is R i,j '=0.0173[Ω], R a,b =0.0167[Ω], W R =0.2, W a,b =0.1353. Then, R a,b '=R a,b +C a,b =R a,b +W R ×W a,b ×(P 3_i,j -R i,j ')≒0.0168[Ω].

[0099] According to one embodiment, the control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 may determine, as an extended storage location, all of the remaining storage locations among the first to M-th storage locations, excluding the target storage location. Alternatively, the control unit 130 may determine, as an extended storage location, each of the first to M-th storage locations whose distance difference from the target storage location is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold distance. The distance difference between any two storage locations can be calculated using a formula for calculating the distance between two points. For example, the distance difference between (S#1, T#3) and (S#2, T#1) = {(index number of S#1 - index number of S#2)} 2 + (T#3 index number - T#1 index number) 2} 1 / 2 ={(1-2) 2 +(3-1) 2} 1 / 2 =5 1 / 2 This becomes:

[0100] When updating the map value stored in the extended memory location, the extended correction coefficient W a,bThe distance difference between the target memory position and its extended correction position may have a predetermined negative correlation. That is, when updating the extended map value recorded in any extended memory position, the control unit 130 calculates the extended correction coefficient W based on the distance difference between the target memory position and the extended memory position. a,b In this case, the expansion correction factor W a,b Unlike the above, it may be a value that is changed by the control unit 130.

[0101] FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0102] 9, in step S910, the control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 executes a parameter acquisition procedure to acquire the latest values ​​P of a first parameter (e.g., SOC), a second parameter (e.g., temperature), and a third parameter (e.g., internal resistance) associated with the current state of the battery B. 1_i , P 2_j , P 3_i,j For example, the latest value P of the first parameter is determined. 1_i can be obtained using a measurement operation for the first parameter of battery B, and the latest values ​​P of the second and third parameters, respectively. 2_j , P 3_i,j may be obtained by applying a predetermined mathematical function to a time series of measurements over a period of time for the first parameter and / or other parameters.

[0103] In step S920, the control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 calls (reads) the parameter map 200, in which the correspondence relationship between the first parameter and the second parameter and the third parameter is recorded, from the memory 140. For example, the control unit 130 may read the parameter map 200 shown in FIG. 2 from the memory 140.

[0104] In step S930, the control unit 130 executes a map update procedure to update the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter, which were obtained in the previous step (for example, step S910), to the latest values ​​P 1_i , P 2_j , P 3_i,j , the parameter map 200 is updated according to the update logic described above.

[0105] FIG. 10 is a flow chart outlining a subroutine that can be executed in step S930 in FIG.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 10, in step S1010, the control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 calculates the latest values ​​P of the first parameter and the second parameter. 1_i , P 2_j Based on the above, any one of the plurality of storage locations of the parameter map 200 is determined as the target storage location.

[0107] In step S1020, the control unit 130 calculates the target map value R of the third parameter recorded in the target storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter obtained in the previous step. i,j Update.

[0108] In step S1030, the control unit 130 determines at least one of the plurality of storage locations other than the target storage location as an extended storage location. For example, referring to FIG. 7, the control unit 130 of the battery management system 100 may determine the ab-th storage location, which is different from the ij-th storage location, as an extended storage location.

[0109] In step S1040, the control unit 130 calculates the latest value of the third parameter and the target map value R updated in step S1020. i,j ', based on the extended map value R of the third parameter recorded in the extended storage location a,b For example, referring to FIG. 7, the control unit 130 updates the extended map value R a,band the expansion correction value C a,b The updated extended map value R a,b As a result, the map value recorded in the ab-th memory location of the parameter map 200 is R a,b From R a,b It is possible to update it to '.

[0110] Using the above-described process, the parameter map used to determine a specific parameter can be updated based on the value of the specific parameter determined by the parameter determination logic. Furthermore, when performing the parameter map update procedure for a specific parameter, it is possible to extensively update not only the specific map value of the parameter map that is mapped to the latest value of another parameter, but also at least one other map value recorded in the parameter map.

[0111] The above-described embodiments of the present invention may be realized not only by the apparatus and method but also by a program that realizes the functions corresponding to the configurations of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded. Such realization can be easily achieved by a person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, based on the description of the above-described embodiments.

[0112] Although the present invention has been described above using limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited to these, and it goes without saying that various modifications and variations can be made by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains within the technical spirit of the present invention and the scope of equivalents of the claims.

[0113] Furthermore, the present invention described above is susceptible to various substitutions, modifications, and alterations by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and may be configured by selectively combining all or part of each embodiment for various modifications.

Claims

1. Memory and a control unit that executes a parameter retrieval procedure to determine an updated value for each of a plurality of parameters associated with a current state of the battery; Including, The control unit Calling up a parameter map from the memory, in which the correspondence relationships between the plurality of parameters are recorded; The battery management system is configured to perform a map update procedure to update the parameter map based on the most recent values ​​of each of the plurality of parameters.

2. The control unit determining one of a plurality of storage locations of the parameter map as a target storage location based on the latest values ​​of a first parameter and a second parameter of the plurality of parameters; 2. The battery management system of claim 1, configured to update a target map value of a third parameter stored in the target storage location based on a most recent value of the third parameter of the plurality of parameters.

3. The control unit determining a target correction value based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target map value; The battery management system according to claim 2 , configured to update the target map value by adding the target correction value to the target map value.

4. The control unit 4. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein the battery management system is configured to determine the target correction value by multiplying a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target map value by a reference coefficient and a target correction coefficient.

5. The battery management system according to claim 4 , wherein each of the reference coefficient and the target correction coefficient is a predetermined positive value.

6. The control unit determining at least one of the plurality of storage locations other than the target storage location as an expansion storage location; 3. The battery management system of claim 2, further configured to update the extended map value of the third parameter stored in the extended storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target map value.

7. The control unit determining an extended correction value based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target map value; The battery management system according to claim 6 , configured to update the extended map value by adding the extended correction value to the extended map value.

8. The control unit 8. The battery management system according to claim 7, configured to determine the extended correction value by multiplying a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target map value by a reference coefficient and an extended correction coefficient.

9. The control unit 9. The battery management system of claim 8, configured to determine the extended correction factor based on a latest value of the first parameter, an index value of the first parameter linked to the extended map value, and a latest value of the second parameter and an index value of the second parameter linked to the extended map value.

10. 10. The battery management system of claim 1, wherein a first parameter of the plurality of parameters is a State of Charge (SOC), a second parameter of the plurality of parameters is a temperature, and a third parameter of the plurality of parameters is an internal resistance.

11. A battery pack comprising the battery management system of claim 1.

12. An electric vehicle comprising the battery pack of claim 11.

13. performing a parameter retrieval procedure to determine the latest value of each of a plurality of parameters associated with the current state of the battery; calling up a parameter map from a memory in which the correspondence between the plurality of parameters is recorded; performing a map update procedure to update the parameter map based on the most recent values ​​of each of the plurality of parameters; a battery management method,

14. The step of updating the parameter map includes: determining one of a plurality of storage locations in the parameter map as a target storage location based on the latest values ​​of a first parameter and a second parameter of the plurality of parameters; updating a target map value of a third parameter stored in the target memory location based on a most recent value of the third parameter of the plurality of parameters; The battery management method of claim 13, comprising:

15. The step of updating the parameter map includes: determining at least one of the plurality of storage locations other than the target storage location as an expansion storage location; updating the extended map value of the third parameter recorded in the extended memory location based on the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target map value; 15. The battery management method of claim 14, comprising:

16. Storing a parameter map in a memory, in which correspondences between a plurality of parameters of the battery are recorded; performing a parameter acquisition procedure to determine an updated value for each of the plurality of parameters associated with the current state of the battery; retrieving the parameter map from the memory; updating the parameter map based on the most recent values ​​of each of the plurality of parameters; A program that causes a computer to execute the following.

17. The step of updating the parameter map includes: determining one of a plurality of storage locations of the parameter map as a target storage location based on the latest values ​​of a first parameter and a second parameter of the plurality of parameters; 17. The program of claim 16, further comprising updating a target map value of a third parameter stored in the target memory location based on a most recent value of the third parameter among the plurality of parameters.

18. The step of updating the parameter map includes: determining a target correction value based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target map value; 18. The program according to claim 17, wherein the target map value is updated by adding the target correction value to the target map value.

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