Techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user device (UE) may transmit a first measurement report to a network entity, which includes a set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook. The network entity may then perform a set of weighted measurement calculations to determine a first serving beam that is different from each of the existing sets of beams in the beamcodebook. The network entity may then transmit a first serving beam indication instructing the UE to begin monitoring the first serving beam. The UE may then transmit a second measurement report to the network entity, which includes a second set of beam measurements, which includes measurements for the first serving beam. The network entity and the UE may then communicate over the first serving beam based on the measurement values ​​for the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross-reference of related applications)

[0001] This patent application claims priority to Shaked's U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 181,287, filed on 9 March 2023, entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR CONTINUOUS BEAM SCANNING FOR INTEGRATED LENS ANTENNAS," which has been assigned to the assignee of this Specified and is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0002]

[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas. [Background technology]

[0003]

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, and broadcast. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth-generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communication with a communication device that may be known as user equipment (UE). [Overview of the project]

[0004]

[0004] The techniques described relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatus that support techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas. For example, the techniques described may support the use of a lens antenna or other antenna capable of continuous beam scanning to generate a directional (e.g., narrow) beam for performing continuous beam tracking. A network entity may generate a set of discrete beams from a beam codebook and transmit the beams to a user instrument (UE) capable of performing measurements on the set of beams. The UE may transmit a measurement report to the network entity containing measurements corresponding to the set of discrete beams. Using the received measurements, the network entity may calculate the boresight angle of a new beam (e.g., a beam that can exceed a threshold received power at the UE (e.g., a beam that can maximize the received power at the UE)) based on a weighted combination of the discrete beams and one or more improvement (e.g., optimization) procedures. The network entity may then add this new beam to the beam codebook for the UE and instruct the UE to begin using the new beam via serving beam indication. The UE may then continue performing beam measurements on the beams in the beamcodebook, including the serving beam, and send measurement reports to the network entity. The network entity may then use the ongoing measurement reports from the UE to determine whether to retain or remove a new beam from the beamcodebook. For example, based on the beam measurements, the network entity may determine that the quality or received power of the new beam has fallen below a threshold, or that the new beam has been used for a duration exceeding a threshold. The network entity may then remove the beam from the beamcodebook and calculate another new beam for the UE to use for subsequent communications.

[0005]

[0005] A method for wireless communication in a network entity is described. The method may include transmitting a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams in a beamcodebook; receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams in the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; transmitting a first serving beam indication, which is different from each of the sets of beams in the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, and which includes an instruction to monitor the first serving beam based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0006]

[0006] A device for wireless communication in a network entity is described. The device may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the device to transmit a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams of a beamcodebook, receive a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals, cause a first serving beam, different from each of the set of beams of the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, to transmit a first serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring the first serving beam based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report, indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams, receive a second measurement report indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam, and communicate one or more messages over the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0007]

[0007] Another device for wireless communication in a network entity is described. The device may include means for transmitting a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams of a beamcodebook; means for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams of a beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals; means for transmitting a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor the first serving beam, based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report, for a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams of the beamcodebook used to transmit the set of synchronization signals; means for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0008]

[0008] A non-temporary computer-readable medium for storing code for wireless communication in a network entity is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to transmit a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams of a beam code book, receive a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams of the beam code book based on the set of synchronization signals, and transmit a first serving beam indication which includes instructions for monitoring the first serving beam based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report, receive a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams, and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam, and communicate one or more messages over the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0009]

[0009] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of a set of beams in a beamcode book, the first serving beam may be associated with a beam direction which can be determined based on the weighted sum.

[0010]

[0010] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating a beam index associated with a first serving beam based on a first set of beam measurements, wherein the beam index is different from a set of beam indices for multiple beam sets in a beam codebook, and transmitting an indication of a beam codebook containing the beam index associated with the first serving beam.

[0011]

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein, receiving a second measurement report showing a second set of beam measurements may include an operation, feature, means, or instruction for receiving one or more respective received power measurements for each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook and for the first serving beam.

[0012]

[0012] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions that, based on the removal of a first serving beam from a beam code book, transmit to a beam code book a second serving beam indication which includes instructions for generating a beam index associated with a second serving beam and for monitoring each of the multiple sets of beams in the beam code book and the second serving beam which may be different from the first serving beam.

[0013]

[0013] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating a first serving beam by routing an input signal to at least two antenna elements of a network entity, and for using at least two antenna elements to transmit the first serving beam in a direction that can be determined based on a first set of beam measurements of a first measurement report.

[0014]

[0014] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for splitting an input signal into two input signals having different input powers at each of at least two antenna elements.

[0015]

[0015] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for applying one or more beam weights to each antenna element of at least two antenna elements.

[0016]

[0016] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating a first serving beam based on one or more beam coefficients, input signals in a network entity, the radiation pattern of each of a set of beams, the angles of one or more side lobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof.

[0017]

[0017] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for applying a selection algorithm to a set of multiple beam weighting coefficients included in a first set of beam measurements in order to determine a set of beam weighting coefficients associated with a first serving beam, and transmitting the first serving beam according to the signal energy that can be obtained based on the set of beam weighting coefficients.

[0018]

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein, the selection algorithm includes a gradient descent algorithm.

[0019]

[0019] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining the direction of a first serving beam based on a machine learning model, parabolic interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, higher-order interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, one or more optimization procedures, or any combination thereof.

[0020]

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the threshold may include a received power threshold, a duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0021]

[0021] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method includes receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of multiple beams of a beam codebook, transmitting a first measurement report including a first set of beam measurement values corresponding to the set of multiple beams of the beam codebook based on the set of synchronization signals, receiving a first serving beam indication including an instruction to monitor a first serving beam, which is a first serving beam different from each of the set of multiple beams of the beam codebook used for transmission of the set of synchronization signals and is based on the first set of beam measurement values indicated by the first measurement report, transmitting a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurement values corresponding to the set of multiple beams and at least one beam measurement value associated with the first serving beam, and communicating one or more messages via the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement value associated with the first serving beam satisfying a threshold.

[0022]

[0022] An apparatus for wireless communication in a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to receive a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams of a beamcodebook, transmit a first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals, cause a first serving beam, different from each of the set of beams of the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, to receive a first serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring the first serving beam based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report, transmit a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam, and communicate one or more messages over the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communication in a UE is described. The apparatus includes means for receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of a plurality of beams of a beam codebook, means for transmitting a first measurement report including a first set of beam measurement values corresponding to the set of a plurality of beams of the beam codebook based on the set of synchronization signals, means for receiving a first serving beam indication including an instruction for monitoring a first serving beam, which is a first serving beam different from each of the set of a plurality of beams of the beam codebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals and is based on the first set of beam measurement values indicated by the first measurement report, means for transmitting a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurement values corresponding to the set of a plurality of beams and at least one beam measurement value associated with the first serving beam, and means for communicating one or more messages via the first serving beam based on that at least one beam measurement value associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold value.

[0024]

[0024] A non-temporary computer-readable medium storing a code for wireless communication in a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams of a beamcodebook, transmit a first measurement report including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams of the beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals, and transmit a first serving beam distinct from each of the set of beams of the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam receiving a first serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring the first serving beam based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report, and transmitting a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to the set of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam, and communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0025]

[0025] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a first serving beam which can be obtained based on a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of a set of beams in a beamcode book.

[0026]

[0026] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein, receiving a first serving beam indication may include an operation, feature, means, or instruction to receive an indication in a beamcodebook that includes a beam index associated with a first serving beam based on a first set of beam measurements, wherein the beam index is different from a set of beam indices for multiple sets of beams in the beamcodebook.

[0027]

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a second measurement report showing a second set of beam measurements may include an operation, feature, means, or instruction to transmit one or more respective received power measurements for each of the sets of beams in the beamcodebook and for the first serving beam.

[0028]

[0028] Some examples of methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of a beam index associated with a second serving beam which may be different from the first serving beam, based on the first serving beam failing to meet a threshold, and for receiving a second serving beam indication which includes instructions for monitoring each of a set of beams in a beam codebook and the second serving beam which may be different from the first serving beam.

[0029]

[0029] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-temporary computer-readable media described herein, the thresholds include a received power threshold, a duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0030] [Figure 1]

[0030] An example of a wireless communication system supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. [Figure 2] Examples of wireless communication systems supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, are provided. [Figure 3]

[0031] An example diagram of a lens antenna system supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 4]

[0032] An example of a process flow supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. [Figure 5]

[0033] A block diagram of a device supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 6] A block diagram of a device supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 7]

[0034] A block diagram of a communications manager supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 8]

[0035] The diagram shows a system including a device that supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. [Figure 9]

[0036] A block diagram of a device supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 10] A block diagram of a device supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 11]

[0037] A block diagram of a communications manager supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 12]

[0038] The diagram shows a system including a device that supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. [Figure 13]

[0039] A flowchart illustrating a method for supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 14]A flowchart illustrating a method for supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 15] A flowchart illustrating a method for supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0031]

[0040] Some advanced wireless communication systems operating using ultra-high frequency (HF) communication (such as 6G sub-terahertz (sub-THz) communication) may implement wide bandwidths and relatively high carrier frequencies to support higher system throughput, lower latency, higher traffic capacity density, and increased spectral energy compared to systems operating at relatively lower frequencies. To compensate for the increased path loss resulting from the high carrier frequency, wireless devices may increase gain by using narrow beams generated using various different beamforming techniques. One technique, for example, employs the use of a lens antenna to generate a highly accurate and efficient directional beam across a range of beam directions (e.g., analog beam sweep). In some cases, a lens antenna may generate a predefined grid of beams using a set of radiating elements behind the lens, with the beams corresponding to one element of an array whose direction is based on the lens's focus. However, in some implementations, the beam generated by the lens antenna may be so narrow that even relatively small adjustments or movements of the receiver (such as user equipment (UE)) can cause power loss and quality of service (QoS) degradation. Therefore, network entities operating with lens antennas can implement various techniques to enable more continuous beam tracking, as well as increased coverage and beam steering accuracy.

[0032]

[0041] In some implementations, lens antenna capabilities can be extended from discrete beam scanning to continuous (e.g., "analog") beam scanning. More specifically, the UE may measure the received power of various discrete beams sent by the network entity, and the UE may send a measurement report to the network entity containing a set of measurements for the discrete beams. Using the received measurements, the network entity may then calculate the boresight angle of a new beam (e.g., a beam that will maximize the received power at the UE) based on a weighted combination of the discrete beams and one or more optimization or refinement procedures. The network entity may then temporarily add this new beam to the beam codebook for the UE and instruct the UE to begin using the new beam as a serving beam. The network entity may then generate a beam through two or more antenna elements that are simultaneously activated to form a beam in the direction of the UE and transmitted via the lens antenna. The UE may then continue performing beam measurements on the beams in the beam codebook, including the serving beam, and send measurement reports to the network entity.

[0033]

[0042] A network entity may use ongoing measurement reports from the UE to determine whether to retain or remove a new beam from the beamcodebook. For example, based on beam measurements, the network entity may determine that the quality or received power of a new beam has fallen below a threshold, or that the new beam has been used for a duration exceeding a threshold. The network entity may then remove the beam from the beamcodebook and calculate a new, optimal beam for the UE to use. For example, the network entity may use beam measurements provided by the UE to perform optimization steps to find an optimized beam orientation for transmitting a new, optimal beam.

[0034]

[0043] The aspects of this disclosure will first be described in the context of wireless communication systems. The aspects of this disclosure will further be described with reference to lens antenna devices, process flows, various device diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas.

[0035]

[0044] Figure 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some embodiments, the wireless communication system 100 may be a network operating according to Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks, LTE Advanced (LTE-A) networks, LTE-A Pro networks, New Radio (NR) networks, or other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not expressly mentioned herein.

[0036]

[0045] The network entity 105 can be distributed across a geographical area to form a wireless communication system 100 and may include devices of different forms or with different capabilities. In various embodiments, the network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among many technical terms. In some embodiments, the network entity 105 and UE 115 can communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 can support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) on which the UE 115 and the network entity 105 can establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 can be an embodiment of a geographical area on which the network entity 105 and UE 115 can support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0037]

[0046] The UE115 can be distributed across the entire coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE115 can be fixed, mobile, or both at different times. The UE115 can be different forms of devices or devices with different capabilities. Several exemplary UE115 are shown in Figure 1. The UE115 described herein may support communication with various types of devices, such as other UE115 or network entities 105, as shown in Figure 1.

[0038]

[0047] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100, which may be referred to as a network node or wireless node, can be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another preferred processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node can be a UE 115. In another embodiment, a node can also be a network entity 105. In another embodiment, a first node can be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this embodiment, the first node can be a UE 115, the second node can be a network entity 105, and the third node can be a UE 115. In another aspect of this embodiment, the first node can be a UE 115, the second node can be a network entity 105, and the third node can be a network entity 105. In yet another embodiment of this embodiment, the first node, the second node, and the third node may differ from those of this embodiment. Similarly, references to UE115, network entity 105, apparatus, devices, computing systems, etc. may include disclosure that UE115, network entity 105, apparatus, devices, computing systems, etc. are nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from the second node.

[0039]

[0048] In some embodiments, network entities 105 can communicate with the core network 130, communicate with each other, or communicate with both. For example, network entities 105 can communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some embodiments, network entities 105 can communicate with each other via the backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130). In some embodiments, network entities 105 can communicate with each other via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to a midhaul interface protocol), or via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to a fronthaul interface protocol), or via any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link 120, the midhaul communication link 162, or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., wireless links, wireless optical links), or may include such links, in various embodiments or combinations thereof. The UE 115 can communicate with the core network 130 via the communication link 155.

[0040]

[0049] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include a base station 140 (e.g., base transceiver station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, node B, enode B (eNodeB, eNB), next-generation node B or giganode B (both sometimes referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (next-generation eNB, ng-eNB), home node B, home enode B, or other preferred terminology), or may be referred to as base station 140. In some embodiments, the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) can be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node such as base station 140).

[0041]

[0050] In some embodiments, the network entity 105 can be implemented in a decoupled architecture (e.g., a decoupled base station architecture, a decoupled RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration supported by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: central unit (CU) 160, distributed unit (DU) 165, radio unit (RU) 170, RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., near-real-time RIC, near-RT-RIC, non-real-time RIC), service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, smart radio head, remote radio head (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmission reception point (TRP). In a separated RAN architecture, one or more components of network entity 105 may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations).In some embodiments, one or more network entities 105 of a separate RAN architecture can be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CUs (VCUs), virtual DUs (VDUs), virtual RUs (VRUs)).

[0042]

[0051] The functional division between CU160, DU165, and RU170 is flexible, and different functionalities can be supported depending on which function (e.g., network layer function, protocol layer function, baseband function, RF function, and any combination thereof) is performed in CU160, DU165, or RU170. For example, a functional division of the protocol stack may be adopted between CU160 and DU165, so that CU160 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU165 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some embodiments, CU160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). A CU160 can connect to one or more DU165s or RU170s, each of which can host lower protocol layers such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, each of which can be controlled at least partially by the CU160. Alternatively, a functional partition of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU165 and RU170, allowing the DU165 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU170 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU170s).In some cases, the functional division between CU160 and DU165, or between DU165 and RU170, can be within the protocol layer (for example, some functions related to the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU160, DU165, or RU170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by a different one of CU160, DU165, or RU170). CU160 can be further functionally divided into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU160 can be connected to one or more DU165s via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU165s can be connected to one or more RU170s via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interfaces). In some embodiments, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 can be implemented according to an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of the protocol stack, supported by a corresponding network entity 105 communicating over such a communication link.

[0043]

[0052] In a wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access can provide an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) by supporting wireless backhaul link capabilities to complement wired backhaul connections. In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) can be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DU 165 or one or more RU 170 can be partially controlled by one or more CU 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) can communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access links and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by the DU165 of the coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communications with UE115, or it may share the same antennas of IAB node 104 (e.g., RU170) used for access to IAB node 104 via DU165 (e.g., a virtual IAB-MT (referred to as vIAB-MT)). In some embodiments, IAB node 104 may include a DU165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE115) in the relay chain or relay configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream).In such cases, one or more components of the isolated RAN architecture (for example, one or more IAB nodes 104, or components of IAB nodes 104) can be configured to operate in accordance with the techniques described herein.

[0044]

[0053] For example, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communication between an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), an IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor can facilitate the connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., also a RU 170), in which case the CU 160 can communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and IAB node 104 can communicate via the F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., the F1 AP protocol). As an addition or alternative, a CU160 can communicate with the core network via an interface that may be an example of a backhaul link, and can communicate with other CU160s (e.g., CU160s associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface that may also be an example of a backhaul link.

[0045]

[0054] IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access to UE 115, wireless self-backhaul capability). DU 165 may function as a distributed scheduling node directed to child nodes associated with IAB node 104, and IAB-MT may function as a scheduled node directed to a parent node associated with IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node that communicates with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor can relay transmissions about the UE through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent or child node to other IAB nodes 104, depending on the relay chain or relay configuration of the AN. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB node 104 can provide a Uu interface for child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DU165) can provide a Uu interface for parent IAB node 104 to signal to child IAB node 104 or UE115.

[0046]

[0055] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node that supports communication with child IAB nodes, or as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., a backhaul communication link 120) to the core network 130 and may function as a parent node to IAB node 104. For example, the DU 165 of the IAB donor may relay transmissions to UE 115 via IAB node 104, or directly signal transmissions to UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor can signal the establishment of a communication link to IAB node 104 via the F1 interface, and IAB node 104 can schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to UE 115 relayed from the IAB donor) via the DU 165. In other words, data can be relayed to and from IAB node 104 via signaling through the NR Uu interface to the MT of IAB node 104. Communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by the DU165 of the IAB donor, and communication with IAB node 104 can also be scheduled by the DU165 of IAB node 104.

[0047]

[0056] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a separated RAN architecture, one or more components of a non-aggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may, in addition or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of a separated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU165, CU160, RU170, RIC175, SMO180).

[0048]

[0057] UE115 may include, or may be referred to as, a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other preferred term; “device” may also be referred to as, among many examples, a unit, station, terminal, or client. UE115 may also include, or may be referred to as, a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some embodiments, UE115 may include, or may be referred to as, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine-type communications (MTC) device, among many examples, which can be implemented in a variety of items, such as home appliances, vehicles, or meters.

[0049]

[0058] The UE115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, including other UE115s that can sometimes function as repeaters, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment, including, among other examples, macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, as shown in Figure 1.

[0050]

[0059] UE115 and network entity 105 can communicate wirelessly with each other over one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectral resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication links 125. For example, a carrier used with respect to communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectral band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels with respect to a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquired signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates the operation with respect to the carrier, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 can support communication with UE115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. UE115 may consist of multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation can be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) component carriers and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between those devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, when referring to network entity 105, the terms “transmitting,” “receiving,” or “communicating” may refer to any part of network entity 105 in the RAN (e.g., base station 140, CU160, DU165, RU170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0051]

[0060] The signal waveform transmitted over the carrier can be composed of multiple subcarriers (for example, using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM). In systems employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to the resource of one symbol period (e.g., duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely proportional. The amount of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., modulation order, modulation coding rate, or both) so that a relatively large number of resource elements (e.g., within the transmission duration) and a relatively high-order modulation scheme can accommodate a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectral resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers, beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources can improve the data rate or data integrity for communication with the UE115.

[0052]

[0061] The time interval relating to network entity 105 or UE115 is, for example, T s = 1 / (Δf max ·N f ) can refer to a sampling period of seconds, which can be expressed as a multiple of the basic time unit, in this case Δf max This may represent the supported subcarrier intervals, N fThis may represent the supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., in the range of 0 to 1023).

[0053]

[0062] Each frame may contain multiple subframes or slots that are sequentially numbered, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame can be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of slots. Alternatively, each frame may contain a variable number of slots, the number of slots may depend on the subcarrier interval. Each slot may contain a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix added to the beginning of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, a slot may be further divided into a number of minislots associated with one or more symbols. Each symbol period, excluding the cyclic prefix, may be divided into one or more (e.g., N) f The sampling period can be associated with the number of symbols. The duration of the symbol period may depend on the subcarrier interval or the frequency band of operation.

[0054]

[0063] A subframe, slot, minislot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some embodiments, the TTI duration (e.g., the amount of symbol duration within the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs, sTTIs).

[0055]

[0064] With respect to carrier-based communications, physical channels can be multiplexed according to various techniques. For example, one or more of the following can be used to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels with respect to signaling over the downlink carrier: time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM. A control domain (e.g., a control resource set, CORESET) relating to a physical control channel can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can be extended over the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of that carrier. One or more control domains (e.g., CORESETs) can be configured with respect to a set of UE115s. For example, one or more of the UE115s can monitor or explore control domains with respect to control information according to one or more search space sets, each of which may contain one or more control channel candidates at one or more aggregation levels, configured in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level for control channel candidates may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements, CCEs) associated with encoded information for a control information format with a given payload size. The search space set may include a common search space set configured to send control information to multiple UE115s, and a UE-specific search space set for sending control information to a specific UE115.

[0056]

[0065] In some embodiments, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RU 170) can be mobile and therefore can provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some embodiments, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but these different coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other embodiments, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can also be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0057]

[0066] The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications, low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The UE 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private or group communications and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable and low-latency functions may include service prioritization, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably in this specification.

[0058]

[0067] In some embodiments, a UE 115 can be configured to support direct communication with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (for example, according to a peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol, a D2D protocol, or a sidelink protocol). In some embodiments, one or more UEs 115 in a group performing D2D communication may reside within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), and the modes of such D2D communication may be configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some embodiments, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may reside outside the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may be unable to receive or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UE115s communicating via D2D communication can support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE115 transmits to each of the other UE115s in the group. In some embodiments, a network entity 105 can facilitate the scheduling of resources related to D2D communication. In some other embodiments, D2D communication can be performed between UE115s without the involvement of the network entity 105.

[0059]

[0068] The core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) that manages access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) that routes packets or interconnects to external networks. The control plane entity can manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management, for UE 115 serviced by a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets can be forwarded via a user plane entity capable of providing IP address assignment and other functions. The user plane entity can connect to IP services 150 relating to one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, one or more intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0060]

[0069] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, which can range from 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the 300 MHz to 3 GHz range is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) range or decimeter band, as its wavelengths range from approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, sometimes referred to as clusters, but these waves can penetrate structures well enough for macrocells to serve UE115 located indoors. Communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter distances (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communication using lower frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0061]

[0070] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate using the super high frequency (SHF) region, which may range from 3 GHz to 30 GHz and is also known as the centimeter band, or using the extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., 30 GHz to 300 GHz) and is also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communication between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), although the EHF antennas of each device may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to greater attenuation than SHF or UHF transmissions and may be over shorter distances. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions using one or more different frequency domains, and the specified use of bands across these frequency domains may vary by country or regulatory body.

[0062]

[0071] The wireless communication system 100 can utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can employ NR technologies that use unlicensed bands such as License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or the 5GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as network entities 105 and UE115 can employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some embodiments, operation using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) that works in conjunction with component carriers operating using licensed bands. Operation using unlicensed spectrum may include, among many examples, downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission.

[0063]

[0072] A network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU170) or UE115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels that support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located in an antenna assembly such as an antenna tower. In some embodiments, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located in diverse geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with the UE115. Similarly, the UE115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. As an addition or alternative, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted through the antenna port.

[0064]

[0073] Network entities 105 or UE115 may use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals through different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. Multiple signals can be transmitted by a transmitting device, for example, through different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, multiple signals can be received by a receiving device, for example, through different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0065]

[0074] Beamforming, sometimes referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that can be used in a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicated through the antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array undergo constructive interference, while other signals undergo destructive interference. The modulation of signals communicated through antenna elements may include the transmitting or receiving device applying amplitude offset, phase offset, or both to the signals carried through the antenna elements associated with that device. The modulation associated with each antenna element can be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device, or to some other orientation).

[0066]

[0075] The network entity 105 or UE 115 can use beam sweeping techniques as part of its beamforming operation. For example, the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) can use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) can be transmitted multiple times by the network entity 105 along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 can transmit signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions along different beam directions can be used to identify the beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the network entity 105 (e.g., by a transmitting device such as the network entity 105, or by a receiving device such as the UE 115).

[0067]

[0076] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device, can be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with the receiving device, such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by network entity 105 along different directions and report to network entity 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 that has the highest signal quality, or at least an acceptable signal quality.

[0068]

[0077] In some examples, transmission by a device (e.g., by network entity 105 or UE115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a composite beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE115). UE115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, which may correspond to a configured set of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signal (CRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) which may or may not be precoded. UE115 may provide feedback on beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). While these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU170) along one or more directions, UE115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify beam directions for subsequent transmission or reception by UE115) or for transmitting signals along a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0069]

[0078] A receiving device (e.g., UE115) can perform receiving operations according to multiple receiving configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from another receiving device (e.g., network entity 105), such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device can perform receiving according to multiple receiving directions by receiving through different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different sets of receive beamforming weights (e.g., different directional listening weights) applied to signals received by multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received by multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receiving configurations or receiving directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving data signals). A single receiving configuration can be matched along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receiving configuration directions (for example, the beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality, based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0070]

[0079] Some advanced wireless communication systems operating using ultra-high frequency (HF) communication (such as 6G sub-THz communication) may experience increased path loss due to the high carrier frequency. To increase gain, wireless devices may use narrow beams generated using various different beamforming techniques. One technique, for example, may employ the use of a lens antenna (e.g., in network entity 105) to generate a highly accurate and directional narrow beam. A lens antenna may generate a predefined grid of beams using a set of radiating elements behind a lens, with each beam corresponding to an element in an array whose direction can be determined based on the lens focus. However, in some implementations, the beam generated by the lens antenna may be so narrow that even relatively small adjustments or movements of the receiving UE 115 can cause significant power loss and QoS degradation. Therefore, network entity 105 operating with a lens antenna may implement various techniques to enable more continuous beam tracking and increased coverage.

[0071]

[0080] UE115 may measure the received power of various discrete beams sent by network entity 105, and UE115 may send a measurement report to network entity 105 containing a set of measurements for the discrete beams. Using the received measurements, network entity 105 may then calculate the boresight angle of a new beam (e.g., a beam that will maximize the received power at UE115) based on a weighted combination of the discrete beams and one or more optimization procedures. Network entity 105 may then temporarily add this new beam to the beam codebook for UE115 and instruct UE115 to begin using the new beam as a serving beam. UE115 may then continue performing beam measurements on the beams in the beam codebook, including the serving beam, and send a measurement report to network entity 105.

[0072]

[0081] Network entity 105 may use ongoing measurement reports from UE115 to determine whether to retain or remove a new beam from the beamcodebook. For example, based on beam measurements, network entity 105 may determine that the quality or received power of the new beam has fallen below a threshold, or that the new beam has been used for a duration exceeding a threshold. Network entity 105 may then remove the beam from the beamcodebook and calculate a new, optimal beam for UE115 to use.

[0073]

[0082] Figure 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may support communication between a network entity 105-a and a UE 115-a, each of which may be an example of the corresponding device described with reference to Figure 1. In some implementations, the network entity 105-a may support a lens antenna for efficient and precise beamforming.

[0074]

[0083] The wireless communication system 200 may support communications using high carrier frequencies and relatively wide system bandwidths (e.g., sub-THz systems), each of which may correspondingly support higher system throughput, lower latency, higher traffic capacity density, increased spectral energy, and relatively higher gain compared to systems operating at relatively lower frequencies. However, to compensate for the increased path loss resulting from high carrier frequencies (e.g., frequencies above 140 GHz), antenna radiation may generate a narrow beam to support relatively narrow, high-gain communications. The use of such narrow beams in high-frequency systems may reduce interference between users due to a high degree of spatial separation between narrow beams. However, in some cases, to prevent "dead spots," or areas lacking coverage, the device may generate a narrow beam using a fine grid or antenna array that can radiate at each angular spatial position of the UE115-a with relatively low power loss.

[0075]

[0084] To support efficient beamforming in high-frequency systems (e.g., sub-THz systems), devices may implement power-efficient lens antennas (e.g., lens antenna arrays, integrated lens antennas) instead of, or in addition to, phased antenna arrays. For example, dielectric lens antennas (such as lens antenna 205) can generate multi-beam radiation patterns in a wide-angle region. In contrast to phased arrays, lens antenna 205 can avoid using multiple RF chains per antenna element (e.g., via phase shifters, power amplifiers (PAs), or low-noise amplifiers (LNAs)), thereby reducing excessive power consumption. Instead, lens antenna 205 may use a predefined grid of beams formed by arranging a set of radiating elements behind a lens. Each such radiating element can then generate a beam in a given direction and can be switched on and off by a beam manager.

[0076]

[0085] However, in some implementations, the beam generated by the lens antenna 205 may be very narrow (e.g., having a beam width of 2-4 degrees), so even relatively small adjustments (e.g., + / - 2 degree adjustments) or movement of the receiver from the boresite (e.g., the 0-degree center) can cause significant power loss (e.g., up to 6 dB of power loss in the received SNR). Therefore, devices such as network entity 105-a may implement several different techniques using the lens antenna 205 to enable more continuous or similar beam tracking and scanning. For example, one technique may employ hybrid digital-analog operation to support continuous beam scanning rather than scanning using a discontinuous (e.g., discrete) quantization grid of the radiation angle.

[0077]

[0086] In such techniques, lens antenna capabilities can be extended from discrete beam scanning to continuous (e.g., "analog") beam scanning. For example, UE115-a may measure the received power of various discrete beams sent from network entity 105-a and send a measurement report to network entity 105-a containing a set of various beam measurements corresponding to the discrete beams. Network entity 105-a may then calculate the boresight angle of a new beam 210 (e.g., the "optimal" beam or the beam that will maximize the received power at UE115-a) based on a weighted combination of the discrete beams. Network entity 105-a may then temporarily add the new beam 210 to the beam codebook used for UE115-a and send a command to UE115-a to begin monitoring the new beam 210. Network entity 105-a may then remove the new beam 210 when a beam management decision is made to switch UE115-a to a different beam. For example, network entity 105-a may continue to collect beam measurements, including measurements of a new beam 210 from UE 115-a, and may remove the new beam 210 if it has received power below a threshold or if it is in use for a duration exceeding a threshold.

[0078]

[0087] Network entity 105-a may use beam measurements provided by UE115-a to perform optimization procedures to find a new or optimized beam direction for transmitting a new beam 210. For example, network entity 105-a may perform calculations of the boresight angle of the new beam 210 using one or more beam prediction artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning models, one or more interpolation models (e.g., parabolic interpolation of receiver beam power or any other higher-order interpolation), or a combination thereof. Network entity 105-a may then generate the beam via at least two antenna elements that are simultaneously activated to form a beam in the direction of UE115-a. UE115-a and network entity 105-a may iterate through the beam optimization and beam measurement processes for the new beam direction, and various different optimized beams may be added to and removed from the beam codebook based on the UE measurement report.

[0079]

[0088] To form a new beam 210 in the direction of UE 115-a using a continuous beam scanning technique, network entity 105-a may transmit multiple beams using a combination of gain and phase of multiple beams to generate an equivalent new beam with a peak in the direction of UE 115-a. For example, network entity 105-a may activate multiple (e.g., two or more) antenna elements and route the input signal to the multiple antenna elements to generate the new beam 210. This beam combination may reduce the losses experienced when using a phased antenna array.

[0080]

[0089] As an addition or alternative, continuous beam scanning techniques can improve signal quality when the UE115-a is positioned at an angle corresponding to the beamwidth edge, or when UE mobility (e.g., movement of the UE115-a) affects signal quality. For example, with discrete beams, even relatively small movements of the UE115-a can reduce the SNR by up to 3–6 dB, as the UE115-a's movement can move away from the center of the beamwidth. For example, with a beamwidth of ±2 degrees and a link distance of 200 m, a movement of ±7 m of the UE115-a could lead to a 3–6 dB reduction in SNR, which can degrade the QoS of the UE115-a. This QoS degradation can be avoided by transmitting the beam using a combination of gain and phase with the continuous beam scanning techniques described herein, so that the UE115-a can be positioned at or near the beamcenter when a new beam is generated, added to the codebook, and used for communication. As an addition or alternative, the side lobes of a new beam may be made lower than those of a discrete beam, which can reduce interference with neighboring or adjacent beams that simultaneously serve other UEs.

[0081]

[0090] Figure 3 shows an example of a lens antenna system Figure 300 that supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the lens antenna 305 may be implemented in or by a network entity 105 as described herein, which may communicate with a UE115-b, which may be an example of a UE115 as described herein.

[0082]

[0091] The lens antenna 305 may be represented by the lens antenna system diagram 300. The lens antenna 305 may include one or more antenna elements 310, each of which may radiate in different beam directions (e.g., beam direction 315-a and beam direction 315-b). An RF backend 320 connected to the lens antenna (e.g., located behind the lens antenna in Figure 2) may route input signals to one or more antenna elements 310 via one or more components (e.g., circuits, mixers, beam weighting functions). Once the input signals are routed to one or more antenna elements 310, they may then be radiated in their respective beam directions. In some implementations, the routing switching capability may be extended to route input signals to one or more antenna elements 310 (e.g., simultaneously), which may increase the efficiency of beamforming and the relative number of directions in which the beam can be radiated from the lens antenna 305. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmit power of the power actuators associated with one or more activated antenna elements 310 may be controlled by the beam management unit in digital transmission (for example, not controlled with respect to a fixed power P).

[0083]

[0092] The lens antenna 305 may support the simultaneous activation of two or more antenna elements to form a beam in the direction of the UE. For example, two antenna elements may be activated simultaneously to form a beam. In such an example, the input signal may be supplied to a routing switch, which may function as a one-to-many splitter, and as a result, the routing switch divides the signal into two or more lanes to supply the signal to two or more antenna elements. Furthermore, the two associated active power actuators have different powers (e.g., P1, P2, P) such that P1 + P2 equals the total power P. n It may be possible to support transmitting the divided signal using (up to). In such cases, the total power of the divided signal may conform to the equivalent isotope radiated power (EIRP) constraint of the newly formed beam 325.

[0084]

[0093] In some examples, the position of UE115-b may be outside the boresight of the integrated lens antenna (e.g., the position of UE115-b may be outside the point of maximum beamforming gain), which may result in link budget loss and QoS reduction. For example, if a beam grid is designed using a large number of antenna elements and the beams overlap at -3 dB, the link budget loss can be up to 3 dB. In other examples, if the beam grid is designed with a smaller number of antenna elements, the beams may overlap at a lower radiation level (e.g., -6 dB), which may result in a link budget loss of up to 6 dB. For example, the location of UE115-b may be at a location between the boresites of multiple beams (U n (θ)), which may cause UE115-b to experience reduced QoS. In such cases, the lens antenna may implement different techniques to generate a new beam at an arbitrary angle in order to more accurately point the boresite at the location of UE115-b.

[0085]

[0094] To generate a new beam having a boresite aimed at the position of UE115-b (which in some examples is not aligned with the beams generated by a discrete grid), the lens antenna 305 may activate one or more antenna elements 310, and each antenna element of the one or more antenna elements 310 has an applied weight w i . By applying corresponding weights to the antenna elements, the side lobes of each beam can contribute to the total cumulative energy of the newly formed beam 325. The gain and phase of the coefficients can be applied in the RF domain by reducing the power of the power actuator (e.g., gain) and using a phase shifter (e.g., phase). And the signal z generated by the synthesis over n beams can be expressed as follows.

[0086]

Number

[0087] Here, x is the input signal, P is the total power of the signal, and w i These are the respective beam weights, and U i (θ i ) is the angle θ i The i 番目 This is the beam emission pattern, θ i This is an emission pattern U as observed by UE115-b. i (θ i This is the angle of the side lobes. Combining more beams (e.g., higher n) can increase the link budget (e.g., by a fraction of dB), and the network entity can determine how many beams to use. For example, a relatively high n can increase directional accuracy but can increase power consumption based on the amount of increased antenna elements.

[0088]

[0095] To increase the total signal energy when different beam paths to UE115-b are coherently added, the network entity may perform signal energy optimization or maximization using, for example, the following:

[0089]

number

[0090] Next, a set of coefficients w corresponding to the optimized signal energy. i To find this, a network entity may implement a gradient descent algorithm (e.g., the steepest gradient descent algorithm), which can be given as follows:

[0091]

number

[0092] Here, l represents the steepest gradient descent iteration.

[0093]

number

[0094] The constraints can be applied so that the total transmit power and the EIRP are preserved.

[0095]

[0096] coefficient w i In making this determination, the network entity may calculate a gradient to update the beam coefficient. The network entity may calculate the gradient as follows:

[0096]

number

[0097] The calculated gradient can then be used to update the rule as follows:

[0098]

number

[0099] This is followed by a beam weight normalization step.

[0100]

number

[0101] Using a trivial guess of uniform beam weights among the n weighted beams, for all i=1-n,

[0102]

number

[0103] In that case, the maximum value across the contour is

[0104]

number

[0105] This may be equal to the following. Once the network entity determines the optimal or maximum beam weighting coefficient for a new beam, the network entity may transmit the new beam in the direction of UE115-b. In some examples, the optimized beam weighting coefficient for an optimized beam may have reduced side lobes, which can reduce beam interference to other UEs served by adjacent beams.

[0106]

[0097] Figure 4 shows an example of a process flow 400 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 400 shows a process for optimizing or improving the serving beam direction using a lens antenna array in a network entity 105-b, which may be an example of a network entity 105 described herein. The network entity 105-b may communicate with a UE115-c, which may be an example of a UE115 described herein.

[0107]

[0098] In the following description of the process flow 400, the operations may be performed in an order different from the order shown, or other operations may be added to or removed from the process flow 400. For example, some operations may also be excluded from the process flow 400, performed in a different order or at different times, or other operations may be added to the process flow 400. Network entities 105-b and UE 115-c are shown performing the operations of the process flow 400, but some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless or network devices.

[0108]

[0099] In 405, network entity 105-b may transmit SSBs over different beams that are sent in different directions. The SSBs may be part of a set of SSBs corresponding to different beams included in the beam codebook.

[0109]

[0100] In 410, UE115-c may perform various beam measurements of the SSB and send a measurement report to network entity 105-b which may include the measured power for each beam.

[0110]

[0101] At 415, network entity 105-b may calculate a new beam direction (e.g., an optimized beam with a boresite directed towards UE115-c) based on a weighted sum of existing beams. For example, network entity 105-b may calculate a weighted sum of beam weights corresponding to the beam transmitted at 405, and the new beam direction may be based on the calculated weighted sum.

[0111]

[0102] In 420, network entity 105-b may add a new beam to the beamcodebook associated with UE115-c as a temporary beam. Network entity 105-b may assign a beam index (e.g., INDX) to the new beam which can be used to identify the new beam. The beam index may be associated with the first serving beam and may be different from the set of beam indices for other beams in the beamcodebook.

[0112]

[0103] In 425, network entity 105-b may send a message to UE115-c instructing UE115-c to begin receiving communications through the new beam INDX as a serving beam. In some examples, the message may be a first serving beam indication that includes an instruction to monitor the INDX beam as a serving beam distinct from each of the other beams in the beam codebook.

[0113]

[0104] In some examples, network entity 105-b may generate a new serving beam by routing an input signal to at least two antenna elements of a lens antenna and then transmitting the serving beam in a direction based on beam measurement reports. In such examples, the input signal may be split into two input signals, each having a different input power and each having a different beam weight at each antenna element.

[0114]

[0105] In some examples, the network entity 105-b may generate a new serving beam using one or more beam coefficients, input signals in the network entity, the radiation pattern of each beam in the beamcodebook, the angles of one or more side lobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the network entity 105-b may further apply a selection algorithm (e.g., a gradient descent algorithm) to the beam weight coefficients included in the first set of beam measurements to determine an optimized set of beam weight measurements for the new serving beam. As an addition or alternative, the network entity 105-b may also implement one or more machine learning models, parabolic interpolation models, higher-order interpolation models, one or more optimization procedures, or any combination thereof to determine the direction of the new serving beam.

[0115]

[0106] At 430, UE115-c may receive data via a new beam INDX and continue to measure SSB including beam power via the serving beam and other beams in the beam codebook.

[0116]

[0107] In 435, UE115-c may report the measured power for each beam, including the new beam INDX and other beams included in the beamcodebook (for example, in the second measurement report).

[0117]

[0108] In 440, if the calculations performed by network entity 105-b indicate that the newly added beam INDX has a QoS below a threshold (for example, if the INDX beam is used for a period of time exceeding the threshold, or if the new beam INDX is not used for the threshold period, or if the measured power of the new beam INDX is below the threshold), network entity 105-b may remove the INDX beam from the beam codebook. In some examples, network entity 105-b may repeat the beam optimization procedure to identify new serving beams to add to the codebook.

[0118]

[0109] In some examples, network entity 105-b may use the measurements included in the second measurement report to calculate the direction of the second new beam. For example, network entity 105-b may use a weighted sum of the beam measurements provided in the second measurement report to calculate the direction of the second new beam.

[0119]

[0110] Figure 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 505 may be an example of an embodiment of the network entity 105 described herein. Device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. Device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with one another (for example, via one or more buses).

[0120]

[0111] The receiver 510 may provide means for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with the protocol stack). The information may be passed to other components of device 505. In some examples, the receiver 510 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. As an addition or alternative, the receiver 510 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical fiber) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0121]

[0112] The transmitter 515 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with the protocol stack). In some examples, the transmitter 515 may support outputting information by transmitting signals through one or more antennas. As an addition or alternative, the transmitter 515 may support outputting information by transmitting signals through one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical fiber) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 515 and receiver 510 may be housed together in a transceiver which may include or be coupled with a modem.

[0122]

[0113] The communication manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0123]

[0114] In some examples, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (for example, in a communications management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, which are configured as means to perform the functions described herein or otherwise support such means. In some embodiments, the processor and memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (for example, by having the processor execute instructions stored in memory).

[0124]

[0115] In addition or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager 520, receiver 510, transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (for example, as communications management software or firmware). When implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 520, receiver 510, transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (for example, configured as means for performing the functions described herein, or otherwise supporting such means).

[0125]

[0116] In some examples, the communications manager 520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510 and transmit information to the transmitter 515, or may be integrated with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0126]

[0117] The communication manager 520 may support wireless communication in a network entity according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 520 may be configured as a means for transmitting a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams in a beamcodebook, or otherwise support this. The communication manager 520 may be configured as a means for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals, or support this. The communication manager 520 may be configured as a means for transmitting a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The communication manager 520 may be configured as a means for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams, and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The communication manager 520 is configured, or may support, means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

[0127]

[0118] By including or configuring the communications manager 520 in accordance with the examples described herein, the device 505 (e.g., a processor controlling the receiver 510, transmitter 515, communications manager 520, or a combination thereof, or otherwise coupled thereto) can support techniques for more efficient use of communications resources, improved beam steering accuracy and directing accuracy, improved QoS, and increased link budget.

[0128]

[0119] Figure 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 605 may be an example of an embodiment of device 505 or network entity 105 described herein. Device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. Device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with one another (for example, via one or more buses).

[0129]

[0120] The receiver 610 may provide means for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with the protocol stack). The information may be passed to other components of device 605. In some examples, the receiver 610 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. As an addition or alternative, the receiver 610 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical fiber) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0130]

[0121] The transmitter 615 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with the protocol stack). In some examples, the transmitter 615 may support outputting information by transmitting signals through one or more antennas. As an addition or alternative, the transmitter 615 may support outputting information by transmitting signals through one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical fiber) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 615 and receiver 610 may be housed together in a transceiver which may include or be coupled with a modem.

[0131]

[0122] Device 605, or its various components, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include a beamforming component 625, a measurement reporting and analysis component 630, a beam monitoring and indication component 635, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 620 may be an example of an embodiment of the communications manager 520 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 620, or its various components, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610 and transmit information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0132]

[0123] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in a network entity according to examples disclosed herein. The beamforming component 625 is configured as a means for transmitting a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams in a beamcodebook. The measurement report analysis component 630 is configured as a means for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook based on a set of synchronization signals, or may support such a means. The beam monitoring indication component 635 is configured as a means for transmitting a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook used for transmitting a set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The measurement report analysis component 630 is configured as a means for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams, and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The beamforming component 625 is configured as a means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold, or may support such communication.

[0133]

[0124] Figure 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 720 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 720 may be an example of an aspect of communications manager 520, communications manager 620, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of the technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a beamforming component 725, a measurement report analysis component 730, a beam monitoring indication component 735, a beam direction determination component 740, a beam codebook manager 745, a selection algorithm application component 750, a signal splitter 755, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with one another directly or indirectly (for example, via one or more buses), which may include communication within the protocol layer of the protocol stack, communication associated with the logical channels of the protocol stack (for example, between protocol layers of the protocol stack, within devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0134]

[0125] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in a network entity according to examples disclosed herein. The beamforming component 725 may be configured as a means for transmitting a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams in a beamcodebook. The measurement report analysis component 730 may be configured as a means for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook based on a set of synchronization signals. The beam monitoring indication component 735 may be configured as a means for transmitting a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook used for transmitting a set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. In some examples, the measurement report analysis component 730 may be configured as a means for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams, and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. In some examples, the beamforming component 725 may be configured or support a means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

[0135]

[0126] In some examples, the beam direction determination component 740 is configured as a means to perform a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of a set of beams in a beam codebook, or may otherwise support such means, and the first serving beam is associated with a beam direction based on the weighted sum.

[0136]

[0127] In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 745 may be configured as a means for generating a beam index associated with a first serving beam based on a first set of beam measurements, the beam index being different from a set of beam indices for multiple sets of beams in the beamcodebook. In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 745 may be configured as a means for transmitting an indication of a beamcodebook containing a beam index associated with a first serving beam.

[0137]

[0128] In some examples, to support receiving a second measurement report showing a second set of beam measurements, the measurement report analysis component 730 may be configured as means for receiving one or more respective received power measurements for each of the sets of beams in the beam codebook and for the first serving beam.

[0138]

[0129] In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 745 may be configured as a means to generate beam indices associated with a second serving beam for the beamcodebook based on the removal of a first serving beam from the beamcodebook. In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 745 may be configured as a means to transmit a second serving beam indication which includes instructions for monitoring each of a set of beams in the beamcodebook and a second serving beam different from the first serving beam.

[0139]

[0130] In some examples, the beamforming component 725 may be configured as a means to generate a first serving beam by routing an input signal to at least two antenna elements of a network entity, or to support such means. In some examples, the beamforming component 725 may be configured as a means to transmit a first serving beam in a direction based on a first set of beam measurements of a first measurement report, using at least two antenna elements.

[0140]

[0131] In some examples, the signal splitter 755 may be configured as a means for splitting an input signal into two input signals having different input powers at each of at least two antenna elements.

[0141]

[0132] In some examples, the beamforming component 725 may be configured as a means of applying one or more beam weights to each of at least two antenna elements, or support such means.

[0142]

[0133] In some examples, the beamforming component 725 may be configured as a means for generating a first serving beam based on one or more beam coefficients, input signals in a network entity, the radiation pattern of each of a set of beams, the angles of one or more side lobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof.

[0143]

[0134] In some examples, the selection algorithm application component 750 may be configured as a means to apply a selection algorithm to a set of beam weighting coefficients included in a first set of beam measurements in order to determine the set of beam weighting coefficients associated with the first serving beam. In some examples, the beamforming component 725 may be configured as a means to transmit the first serving beam according to the signal energy based on the set of beam weighting coefficients.

[0144]

[0135] In some examples, the selection algorithm includes a gradient descent algorithm.

[0145]

[0136] In some examples, the beam direction determination component 740 may be configured as a means for determining the direction of a first serving beam based on a machine learning model, parabolic interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, higher-order interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, one or more optimization procedures, or any combination thereof.

[0146]

[0137] In some examples, the thresholds include a received power threshold, a duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0147]

[0138] Figure 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Device 805 may be an example of the device 505, device 605, or network entity 105 described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 805 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, communication via one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 805 may include components that support outputting and acquiring communications, such as a communications manager 820, a transceiver 810, an antenna 815, a memory 825, a code 830, and a processor 835. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operably, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 840).

[0148]

[0139] The transceiver 810 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both, as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 810 may include a wired transceiver and communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. In addition or alternative, in some examples, the transceiver 810 may include a wireless transceiver and communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 805 may include one or more antennas 815 that may transmit or receive wireless transmissions (e.g., simultaneously). The transceiver 810 may also include a modem for modulating a signal, providing to transmit the modulated signal (e.g., by one or more antennas 815, by a wired transmitter), receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 815, from a wired receiver), and demodulating the signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 810 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with one or more antennas 815 configured to support various receiving or acquiring operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with one or more antennas 815 configured to support various transmitting or output operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 810 may include, or be configured to be coupled with, one or more processors or memory components capable of performing or supporting operations based on received or acquired information or signals, or generating information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 810, or the transceiver 810 and one or more antennas 815, or the transceiver 810 and one or more antennas 815 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 835, or memory 825, or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly installed in device 805.In some examples, the transceiver may be capable of operating to support communication over one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0149]

[0140] Memory 825 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 825 may store computer-readable computer-executable code 830, which, when executed by processor 835, includes instructions that cause device 805 to perform various functions described herein. Code 830 may be stored in a non-temporary computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 830 may not be directly executable by processor 835, but may cause the computer to perform functions described herein (for example, when compiled and executed). In some cases, memory 825 may include a BIOS that can control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or peripheral devices.

[0150]

[0141] The processor 835 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 835 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be incorporated within the processor 835. The processor 835 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 825) to cause device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). For example, device 805 or components of device 805 may include the processor 835 and memory 825 coupled to the processor 835, and the processor 835 and memory 825 are configured to perform various functions described herein. Processor 835 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machines, or container instances) that can host functions to perform the functions of device 805 (e.g., by executing code 830). Processor 835 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 805 (e.g., in memory 825). In some implementations, processor 835 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or set of machines or components that receive inputs, process those inputs, and produce a set of outputs (e.g., which may be passed to other systems or components of device 805). For example, a processing system of device 805 may refer to a system that includes various other components or sub-components of device 805, such as processor 835, or transceiver 810, or communication manager 820, or other components or combinations of components of device 805.The processing system of device 805 may interface with other components of device 805, process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components, or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 805 may include the processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information, or for receiving information, or both. One or more interfaces may be implemented, in particular in some implementations, as a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to receive information, or as the same interface configured to output and receive information, or otherwise include them. In some implementations, one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, as a result, device 805 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, as a result, device 805 may receive information or signal inputs, which can then be passed to the processing system. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the first interface can also acquire information or signal inputs, and the second interface can also output information or signal outputs.

[0151]

[0142] In some examples, bus 840 may support (e.g., internal) communications of the protocol layer of the protocol stack. In some examples, bus 840 may support communications associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communications conducted within a component of device 805 or between different components of device 805 that may be located side-by-side or in different locations (for example, device 805 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 820, transceiver 810, memory 825, code 830, and processor 835 may be located in one of the different components or divided into different components).

[0152]

[0143] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may manage the manner of communication with the core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communications manager 820 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 820 may manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for coordinating with other network entities 105 to control communication with the UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 820 may support an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0153]

[0144] The communication manager 820 may support wireless communication in a network entity according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 820 may be configured as a means for transmitting a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams in a beamcodebook. The communication manager 820 may be configured as a means for receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook based on the set of synchronization signals, or support it. The communication manager 820 may be configured as a means for transmitting a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The communication manager 820 may be configured as a means for receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams, and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The communication manager 820 is configured, or may support, means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

[0154]

[0145] By including or configuring a communications manager 820 in accordance with the examples described herein, device 805 may support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, enhancing user experience related to improved QoS and beam accuracy, more efficient use of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, increasing link budget, improving beam steering accuracy, and increasing received power.

[0155]

[0146] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 810, one or more antennas 815 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 820 is shown as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 820 may be supported or performed by the transceiver 810, processor 835, memory 825, code 830, or any combination thereof. For example, code 830 may include instructions executable by the processor 835 that cause device 805 to perform various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of the integrated lens antenna described herein, or otherwise, the processor 835 and memory 825 may be configured to perform or support such operations.

[0156]

[0147] Figure 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 905 may be an example of an embodiment of UE115 as described herein. Device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communications manager 920. Device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with one another (for example, via one or more buses).

[0157]

[0148] The receiver 910 may provide means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). The information may be passed to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0158]

[0149] The transmitter 915 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may transmit information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 915 may be co-located with the receiver 910 in the transceiver module. The transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0159]

[0150] The communication manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0160]

[0151] In some examples, the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (for example, in a communications management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured as a means to perform or support such means for performing the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the processor and memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (for example, by having the processor execute instructions stored in memory).

[0161]

[0152] In addition or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (for example, as communications management software or firmware). When implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (for example, configured as means for performing the functions described herein, or otherwise supporting such means).

[0162]

[0153] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or in cooperation with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communications manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910 and transmit information to the transmitter 915, or may be integrated with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0163]

[0154] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in the UE in accordance with examples such as those disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may be configured as a means for receiving a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams in a beamcodebook. The communications manager 920 may be configured as a means for transmitting a first measurement report, which includes a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook, based on the set of synchronization signals. The communications manager 920 may be configured as a means for receiving a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The communications manager 920 may be configured as a means for transmitting a second measurement report, which includes a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The communication manager 920 is configured, or may support, means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

[0164]

[0155] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with the examples described herein, the device 905 (e.g., a processor controlling the receiver 910, transmitter 915, communications manager 920, or a combination thereof, or otherwise coupled thereto) can support techniques for more efficient use of communications resources, improved beam steering accuracy and directing accuracy, improved QoS, and increased link budget.

[0165]

[0156] Figure 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 1005 may be an example of an embodiment of device 905 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020. Device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with one another (for example, via one or more buses).

[0166]

[0157] The receiver 1010 may provide means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0167]

[0158] The transmitter 1015 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may transmit information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may be co-located with the receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1015 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0168]

[0159] Device 1005, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may include an SSB measurement component 1025, a measurement reporting component 1030, a beam monitoring component 1035, a beamforming component 1040, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1020 may be an example of an aspect of the communications manager 920 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1020, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both. For example, the communication manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010 and transmit information to the transmitter 1015, or it may be integrated with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0169]

[0160] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in the UE in accordance with examples such as those disclosed herein. The SSB measurement component 1025 is configured as a means for receiving a set of synchronization signals via a set of beams in a beamcodebook. The measurement reporting component 1030 is configured as a means for transmitting a first measurement report, which includes a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook, based on the set of synchronization signals. The beam monitoring component 1035 is configured as a means for receiving a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The measurement reporting component 1030 is configured as a means for transmitting a second measurement report, which includes a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The beamforming component 1040 is configured as a means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold, or may support such communication.

[0170]

[0161] Figure 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a communications manager 1120 supporting a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1120 may be an example of an embodiment of communications manager 920, communications manager 1020, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1120, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various embodiments of the technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may include an SSB measurement component 1125, a measurement reporting component 1130, a beam monitoring component 1135, a beamforming component 1140, a beam codebook manager 1145, or any combination thereof. Each of these components can communicate with one another directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0171]

[0162] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in the UE in accordance with examples such as those disclosed herein. The SSB measurement component 1125 may be configured as a means for receiving a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams in a beamcodebook. The measurement reporting component 1130 may be configured as a means for transmitting a first measurement report, which includes a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook, based on the set of synchronization signals. The beam monitoring component 1135 may be configured as a means for receiving a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. In some examples, the measurement reporting component 1130 may be configured as a means for transmitting a second measurement report, which includes a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The beamforming component 1140 is configured as a means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold, or may support such communication.

[0172]

[0163] In some examples, the beam monitoring component 1135 may be configured as a means for receiving or supporting a first serving beam based on a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of a set of beams in a beam codebook.

[0173]

[0164] In some examples, to support receiving a first serving beam indication, the beamcodebook manager 1145 may be configured as a means for receiving an indication of a beamcodebook that includes a beam index associated with a first serving beam based on a first set of beam measurements, wherein the beam index is different from a set of beam indices for multiple beam sets in the beamcodebook.

[0174]

[0165] In some examples, to support transmitting a second measurement report showing a second set of beam measurements, the measurement report component 1130 may be configured as a means for transmitting one or more respective received power measurements for each of the sets of beams in the beamcodebook and for the first serving beam.

[0175]

[0166] In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 1145 may be configured as a means to receive or support a beam index indication associated with a second serving beam different from the first serving beam, based on the first serving beam not meeting a threshold. In some examples, the beamcodebook manager 1145 may be configured as a means to receive a second serving beam indication, which includes instructions for monitoring each of a set of beams in the beamcodebook and a second serving beam different from the first serving beam.

[0176]

[0167] In some examples, the thresholds include a received power threshold, a duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0177]

[0168] Figure 12 shows a diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Device 1205 may be an example of device 905, device 1005, or UE 115, or may include components thereof, as described herein. Device 1205 may communicate (for example, wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UE 115, or any combination thereof. Device 1205 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1220, an input / output (I / O) controller 1210, a transceiver 1215, an antenna 1225, a memory 1230, a code 1235, and a processor 1240. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise be coupled (e.g., operably, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1245).

[0178]

[0169] The I / O controller 1210 may manage input and output signals relating to device 1205. The I / O controller 1210 may also manage peripherals not built into device 1205. In some cases, the I / O controller 1210 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1210 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. Furthermore, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1210 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1210 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as processor 1240. In some cases, the user may interact with the device 1205 via the I / O controller 1210 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1210.

[0179]

[0170] In some cases, device 1205 may include a single antenna 1225. However, in some other cases, device 1205 may have two or more antennas 1225, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions simultaneously. Transceiver 1215 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1225, a wired link, or a wireless link, as described herein. For example, transceiver 1215 may represent a wireless transceiver and communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1215 may also include a modem for modulating packets, providing those modulated packets to one or more antennas 1225 for transmission, and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1225. The transceiver 1215, or the transceiver 1215 and one or more antennas 1225, may be an example of a transmitter 915, a transmitter 1015, a receiver 910, a receiver 1010, or any combination thereof, or components thereof, as described herein.

[0180]

[0171] Memory 1230 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 1230 may store computer-readable computer-executable code 1235, which, when executed by processor 1240, causes device 1205 to perform various functions described herein. Code 1235 may be stored in a non-temporary computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1235 may not be directly executable by processor 1240, but may cause the computer to perform functions described herein (for example, when compiled and executed). In some cases, memory 1230 may include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that can control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or peripheral devices.

[0181]

[0172] The processor 1240 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, individual gate or transistor logic components, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be incorporated within the processor 1240. The processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 1230) to cause device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for continuous beam scanning of integrated lens antennas). For example, device 1205 or components of device 1205 may include the processor 1240 and memory 1230 coupled to the processor 1240, and the processor 1240 and memory 1230 are configured to perform various functions described herein.

[0182]

[0173] The communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication in the UE in accordance with examples such as those disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1220 may be configured as a means for receiving a set of synchronization signals over a set of beams in a beamcodebook. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as a means for transmitting a first measurement report, which includes a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcodebook, based on the set of synchronization signals. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as a means for receiving a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam different from each of the sets of beams in a beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as a means for transmitting a second measurement report, which includes a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam. The communication manager 1220 is configured, or may support, means for communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

[0183]

[0174] By including or configuring the communication manager 1220 in accordance with the examples described herein, the device 1205 may support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, improving user experience related to QoS and beam accuracy, more efficient use of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, increasing link budget, improving beam steering accuracy, and increasing received power.

[0184]

[0175] In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or in cooperation with the transceiver 1215, one or more antennas 1225, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1220 is shown as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1220 may be supported or performed by the processor 1240, memory 1230, code 1235, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1235 may include instructions executable by the processor 1240 that cause the device 1205 to perform various aspects of the techniques for continuous beam scanning of the integrated lens antenna described herein, or otherwise, the processor 1240 and memory 1230 may be configured to perform or support such operations.

[0185]

[0176] Figure 13 shows a flowchart illustrating Method 1300, which supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operation of Method 1300 may be performed by a network entity or its components, as described herein. For example, the operation of Method 1300 may be performed by a network entity, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 8. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described. In addition or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the functions described using dedicated hardware.

[0186]

[0177] In 1305, the method may include transmitting a set of synchronization signals through a set of beams in a beamcode book. Operation of 1305 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, the operation of 1305 may be performed by a beamforming component 725 as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0187]

[0178] In 1310, the method may include receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcode book based on a set of synchronization signals. Operation of 1310 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, the operation of 1310 may be performed by a measurement report analysis component 730 described with reference to Figure 7.

[0188]

[0179] In 1315, the method may include transmitting a first serving beam indication which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam distinct from each of a set of beams of a beam codebook used for transmitting a set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by a first measurement report. Operation of 1315 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1315 may be performed by a beam monitoring indication component 735 as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0189]

[0180] In 1320, the method may include receiving a second measurement report that shows a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams and shows at least one beam measurement associated with a first serving beam. Operation of 1320 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1320 may be performed by a measurement report analysis component 730 described with reference to Figure 7.

[0190]

[0181] In 1325, the method may include communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold. Operation of 1325 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1325 may be performed by a beamforming component 725 as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0191]

[0182] Figure 14 shows a flowchart illustrating Method 1400, which supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operation of Method 1400 may be performed by a network entity or its components, as described herein. For example, the operation of Method 1400 may be performed by a network entity, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 8. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described. In addition or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the functions described using dedicated hardware.

[0192]

[0183] In 1405, the method may include transmitting a set of synchronization signals through a set of beams in a beamcode book. Operation of 1405 can be performed according to embodiments such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, the operation of 1405 can be performed by a beamforming component 725, as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0193]

[0184] In 1410, the method may include receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcode book based on a set of synchronization signals. Operation of 1410 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1410 may be performed by a measurement report analysis component 730 described with reference to Figure 7.

[0194]

[0185] In 1415, the method may include performing a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of a set of beams in a beamcode book, and the first serving beam is associated with a beam direction based on the weighted sum. The operation of 1415 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, the operation of 1415 may be performed by a beam direction determination component 740, as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0195]

[0186] In 1420, the method may include transmitting a first serving beam indication which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam distinct from each of a set of beams of a beam codebook used for transmitting a set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by a first measurement report. Operation of 1420 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1420 may be performed by a beam monitoring indication component 735 as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0196]

[0187] In 1425, the method may include receiving a second measurement report that shows a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams and shows at least one beam measurement associated with a first serving beam. Operation of 1425 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1425 may be performed by a measurement report analysis component 730 described with reference to Figure 7.

[0197]

[0188] In 1430, the method may include communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold. Operation of 1430 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1430 may be performed by a beamforming component 725 as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0198]

[0189] Figure 15 shows a flowchart illustrating Method 1500, which supports a technique for continuous beam scanning of an integrated lens antenna, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operation of Method 1500 may be carried out by a UE or its components, as described herein. For example, the operation of Method 1500 may be carried out by UE 115, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 9 to 12. In some embodiments, the UE may execute a set of instructions for controlling functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described. Furthermore, or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the functions described.

[0199]

[0190] In 1505, the method may include receiving a set of synchronization signals through a set of beams in a beamcode book. Operation of 1505 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, the operation of 1505 may be performed by the SSB measurement component 1125 described with reference to Figure 11.

[0200]

[0191] In 1510, the method may include transmitting a first measurement report, which includes a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams in a beamcode book, based on a set of synchronization signals. Operation of 1510 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, the operation of 1510 may be performed by a measurement report component 1130, which is described with reference to Figure 11.

[0201]

[0192] In 1515, the method may include receiving a first serving beam indication which includes an instruction to monitor a first serving beam distinct from each of a set of beams of a beam codebook used for transmitting a set of synchronization signals, the first serving beam being based on a first set of beam measurements indicated by a first measurement report. Operation of 1515 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, the mode of operation of 1515 may be performed by a beam monitoring component 1135, as described with reference to Figure 11.

[0202]

[0193] In 1520, the method may include transmitting a second measurement report showing a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a set of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with a first serving beam. Operation of 1520 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1520 may be performed by a measurement report component 1130 described with reference to Figure 11.

[0203]

[0194] In 1525, the method may include communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam based on the fact that at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold. Operation of 1525 may be performed according to examples such as those disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1525 may be performed by the beamforming component 1140 described with reference to Figure 11.

[0204]

[0195] The following provides an overview of various aspects of this disclosure.

[0205]

[0196] Embodiment 1: A method for wireless communication in a network entity, comprising: transmitting a set of synchronization signals over a plurality of beams of a beamcodebook; receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurements corresponding to a plurality of beams of a beamcodebook, at least in part on the set of synchronization signals; a first serving beam different from each of the plurality of beams of a beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, wherein the first serving beam transmits a first serving beam indication including an instruction to monitor the first serving beam, at least in part on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; receiving a second measurement report indicating a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a plurality of beams, and indicating at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam, at least in part on the at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0206]

[0197] Embodiment 2: The method according to Embodiment 1, further comprising performing a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of a plurality of beams in a beamcode book, wherein the first serving beam is associated with a beam direction based at least in part on the weighted sum.

[0207]

[0198] Embodiment 3: The method according to Embodiment 1 or 2, further comprising generating a beam index associated with a first serving beam based at least in part on a first set of beam measurements, wherein the beam index is different from a set of beam indices for multiple beams in a beam codebook, and transmitting an indication of a beam codebook containing the beam index associated with the first serving beam.

[0208]

[0199] Embodiment 4: The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein receiving a second measurement report showing a second set of beam measurement values ​​includes receiving one or more respective received power measurement values ​​for each of the beams in the beamcodebook and for the first serving beam.

[0209]

[0200] Embodiment 5: The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, further comprising generating a beam index associated with a second serving beam to a beam code book, at least in part based on the removal of a first serving beam from the beam code book, and transmitting a second serving beam indication including instructions for monitoring each of the multiple beams in the beam code book and the second serving beam which is different from the first serving beam.

[0210]

[0201] Embodiment 6: The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, further comprising generating a first serving beam by routing an input signal to at least two antenna elements of a network entity, and transmitting the first serving beam in a direction at least partially based on a first set of beam measurements of a first measurement report using at least two antenna elements.

[0211]

[0202] Embodiment 7: The method according to Embodiment 6, further comprising splitting the input signal into two input signals having different input powers for each of at least two antenna elements.

[0212]

[0203] Embodiment 8: The method according to Embodiment 6 or 7, further comprising applying one or more beam weights to each of at least two antenna elements.

[0213]

[0204] Embodiment 9: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, further comprising generating a first serving beam based at least in part on one or more beam coefficients, input signals in a network entity, the radiation pattern of each of the multiple beams, the angles of one or more side lobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof.

[0214]

[0205] Embodiment 10: The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, further comprising: applying a selection algorithm to a plurality of beam weighting coefficients included in a first set of beam measurements in order to determine a set of beam weighting coefficients associated with a first serving beam; and transmitting the first serving beam according to a signal energy that is at least partially based on the set of beam weighting coefficients.

[0215]

[0206] Embodiment 11: The method according to Embodiment 10, wherein the selection algorithm includes a gradient descent algorithm.

[0216]

[0207] Embodiment 12: The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, further comprising determining the direction of a first serving beam based at least in part on a machine learning model, parabolic interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, higher-order interpolation of a first set of beam measurements, one or more optimization steps, or any combination thereof.

[0217]

[0208] Embodiment 13: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the threshold includes a received power threshold, a duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0218]

[0209] Embodiment 14: A method for wireless communication in a UE, comprising: receiving a set of synchronization signals over a plurality of beams of a beamcodebook; transmitting a first measurement report, including a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the plurality of beams of the beamcodebook, at least in part on the set of synchronization signals; a first serving beam, different from each of the plurality of beams of the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, wherein the first serving beam receives a first serving beam indication, including an instruction to monitor the first serving beam, at least in part on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report; transmitting a second measurement report, including a second set of beam measurements corresponding to a plurality of beams and at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam; and communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam, at least in part on the at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam meeting a threshold.

[0219]

[0210] Embodiment 15: The method of Embodiment 14, further comprising receiving a first serving beam based at least in part on a weighted sum of a first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of a plurality of beams in a beamcode book.

[0220]

[0211] Embodiment 16: The method of Embodiment 14 or 15, further comprising receiving a beamcodebook indication which includes a beam index associated with a first serving beam based at least in part on a first set of beam measurements, wherein the beam index is different from a set of beam indices for multiple beams in the beamcodebook.

[0221]

[0212] Embodiment 17: The method according to any one of embodiments 14 to 16, wherein transmitting a second measurement report showing a second set of beam measurement values ​​includes transmitting one or more respective received power measurement values ​​for each of the beams in the beamcodebook and the first serving beam.

[0222]

[0213] Embodiment 18: The method of any one of embodiments 14 to 17, further comprising receiving an indication of a beam index associated with a second serving beam different from the first serving beam, at least in part on the fact that the first serving beam does not meet a threshold, and receiving a second serving beam indication which includes instructions for monitoring each of a plurality of beams in a beam codebook and the second serving beam different from the first serving beam.

[0223]

[0214] Embodiment 19: The method according to any one of Embodiments 14 to 18, wherein the threshold includes a received power threshold, a duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0224]

[0215] Embodiment 20: A device for wireless communication in a network entity, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the device to perform the method described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 13.

[0225]

[0216] Embodiment 21: An apparatus for wireless communication in a network entity, comprising at least one means for performing the method described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 13.

[0226]

[0217] Embodiment 22: A non-temporary computer-readable medium for storing code for wireless communication in a network entity, wherein the code comprises instructions that can be executed by a processor to perform the method described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 13.

[0227]

[0218] Embodiment 23: A device for wireless communication in a UE, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory, which are executable by the processor to cause the device to perform the method described in any one of Embodiments 14 to 19.

[0228]

[0219] Embodiment 24: Apparatus for wireless communication in a UE, comprising at least one means for performing the method described in any one of Embodiments 14 to 19.

[0229]

[0220] Embodiment 25: A non-temporary computer-readable medium for storing code for wireless communication in a UE, wherein the code comprises instructions executable by a processor to perform the method described in any one of Embodiments 14 to 19.

[0230]

[0221] The methods described herein illustrate possible implementations, and it should be noted that the operations and steps may be reconfigured or modified, and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, two or more embodiments of these methods may be combined.

[0231]

[0222] Various embodiments of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, but the technologies described herein are applicable beyond the scope of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the technologies described may be applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and wireless technologies not expressly mentioned herein.

[0232]

[0223] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a wide variety of technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips, which may be referred to throughout this description, can be represented by voltage, electric current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0233]

[0224] Various exemplary blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein can be implemented or run using general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs or other programmable logic devices, individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, a processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0234]

[0225] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored as instructions or code on one or more computer-readable media, or transmitted using such media. Other embodiments and implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of the software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination thereof. The features implementing the functions can also be physically arranged in various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0235]

[0226] Computer-readable media include both non-temporary computer storage media and communication media, including any media that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one location to another. Non-temporary storage media can be any available media accessible by a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer. Examples, but not limited to, of non-temporary computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disc storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-temporary media that can be used to transport or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures, and that can be accessed by a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer, or a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor. Furthermore, it is appropriate to refer to any of these connections as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then those coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. Disks and discs, as used herein, include CDs (discs), laserdiscs (discs), optical discs (discs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks (discs), and Blu-ray discs (discs). A disk can reproduce data magnetically, and a disc can reproduce data optically using a laser. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0236]

[0227] When used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in an enumeration of items (for example, an enumeration of items followed by phrases such as “at least one of the following” or “one or more of the following”) means an inclusive enumeration, such as when the enumeration “at least one of A, B, or C” means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, when used herein, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step described as “based on condition A” may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, when used herein, the phrase “based on” should be interpreted in the same way as the phrase “at least partially based on.” As described herein, the term “set of elements” or similar phrasing may be understood as “one or more sets of elements.”

[0237]

[0228] The term “determine” or “to determine” encompasses a wide range of actions, and therefore “to determine” may include calculating, calculating, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (such as by searching a table, database, or other data structure), clarifying, etc. “To determine” may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. “To determine” may also include resolving, acquiring, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0238]

[0229] In the attached figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash and a second marking that distinguishes similar components after the reference marking. Where only the first reference marking is used in this specification, the description is applicable to any of the similar components having the same first reference marking, regardless of the second reference marking or any other subsequent reference markings.

[0239]

[0230] The descriptions provided herein in relation to the accompanying drawings describe exemplary configurations and do not represent all embodiments that are implementable or within the scope of the claims. The term “exemplary” as used herein means “to serve as an example, illustration, or representation,” and does not mean “preferred” or “advantageous over other embodiments.” “Modes for carrying out the invention” include specific details intended to give an understanding of the described art. However, these arts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the embodiments described.

[0240]

[0231] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be given the broadest scope that is consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A device for wireless communication in a network entity, Processor and The memory coupled to the aforementioned processor, The memory contains one or more instructions stored in the memory, The one or more instructions described above are directed to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. A set of synchronization signals is transmitted through multiple beams in the beamcode book. Based at least partially on the set of synchronization signals, a first measurement report is received that shows a first set of beam measurement values ​​corresponding to the plurality of beams in the beamcode book. A first serving beam, distinct from each of the plurality of beams in the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, wherein the first serving beam transmits a first serving beam indication, which includes a command for monitoring the first serving beam, based at least in part on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. A second set of beam measurement values ​​corresponding to the plurality of beams is shown, and a second measurement report is received showing at least one beam measurement value associated with the first serving beam. An apparatus that can be operated by the processor to cause one or more messages to be communicated over the first serving beam, at least partially based on the fact that the at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

2. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further capable of performing a weighted sum of the first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of the plurality of beams in the beamcode book, and the first serving beam is associated with a beam direction based at least in part on the weighted sum.

3. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. Based at least in part on the first set of beam measurements, a beam index associated with the first serving beam is generated, wherein the beam index is different from the set of beam indices for the plurality of beams in the beam codebook. The apparatus according to claim 1, further operable by the processor to transmit an indication of the beamcodebook, including the beam index associated with the first serving beam.

4. The one or more instructions for receiving the second measurement report showing the second set of beam measurement values ​​are at least partially based on the one or more instructions to the apparatus. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is capable of receiving one or more received power measurements for each of the plurality of beams in the beamcode book and for the first serving beam.

5. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. With respect to the beamcode book, a beam index associated with the second serving beam is generated, at least partially based on the removal of the first serving beam from the beamcode book. The apparatus according to claim 1, further executable by the processor to cause a second serving beam indication to transmit instructions for monitoring each of the plurality of beams in the beam codebook and the second serving beam, which is different from the first serving beam.

6. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. The first serving beam is generated by routing the input signal to at least two antenna elements of the network entity. The apparatus according to claim 1, further operable by the processor to use the at least two antenna elements to cause the first serving beam to be transmitted in a direction at least partially based on the first set of beam measurements of the first measurement report.

7. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the processor can further perform actions to divide the input signal into two input signals having different input powers for each of the at least two antenna elements.

8. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. The apparatus according to claim 6, further operable by the processor to apply one or more beam weights to each of the at least two antenna elements.

9. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. The apparatus according to claim 1, further operable by the processor to cause the first serving beam to be generated based at least in part on one or more beam coefficients, input signals in the network entity, the radiation pattern of each of the plurality of beams, the angles of one or more side lobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof.

10. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. To determine the set of beam weighting coefficients associated with the first serving beam, a selection algorithm is applied to a plurality of beam weighting coefficients included in the first set of beam measurements. The apparatus according to claim 1, further operable by the processor to cause the first serving beam to transmit according to a signal energy based at least partially on the set of beam weighting coefficients.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the selection algorithm includes a gradient descent algorithm.

12. The aforementioned instruction is transmitted by the processor to the device, The apparatus according to claim 1, further executable to cause orientation to the first serving beam based at least in part on a machine learning model, parabolic interpolation of the first set of beam measurements, higher-order interpolation of the first set of beam measurements, one or more optimization procedures, or any combination thereof.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the threshold includes a received power threshold, a duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

14. A device for wireless communication in user equipment (UE), Processor and The memory coupled to the aforementioned processor, The memory contains one or more instructions stored in the memory, The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. The beamcode book receives a set of synchronization signals through multiple beams. Based at least partially on the set of synchronization signals, a first measurement report is transmitted, which includes a first set of beam measurement values ​​corresponding to the plurality of beams in the beamcode book. A first serving beam, distinct from each of the plurality of beams in the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, wherein the first serving beam receives a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor the first serving beam, based at least in part on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. The system transmits a second set of beam measurement values ​​corresponding to the plurality of beams and a second measurement report showing at least one beam measurement value associated with the first serving beam. An apparatus that can be operated by the processor to cause one or more messages to be communicated over the first serving beam, at least partially based on the fact that the at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

15. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. The apparatus according to claim 14, further operable by the processor to cause the first serving beam to be received based at least in part on a weighted sum of the first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of the plurality of beams in the beamcode book.

16. The one or more instructions for receiving the first serving beam indication cause the device to, at least in part, The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further capable of causing an indication in the beamcodebook, which includes a beam index associated with a first serving beam, based at least in part on the first set of beam measurements, the beam index being different from the set of beam indices for the plurality of beams in the beamcodebook.

17. The one or more instructions for transmitting the second measurement report showing the second set of beam measurement values ​​are transmitted to the apparatus at least in part based on the one or more instructions. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor is capable of causing each of the plurality of beams in the beamcode book and one or more respective received power measurements for the first serving beam to transmit.

18. The one or more instructions described above are given to the device, at least partially based on the one or more instructions described above. Based at least in part on the fact that the first serving beam does not meet the threshold, an indication of a beam index associated with a second serving beam different from the first serving beam is received. The apparatus according to claim 14, further executable by the processor to cause a second serving beam indication to receive instructions for monitoring each of the plurality of beams in the beam codebook and the second serving beam, which is different from the first serving beam.

19. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the threshold includes a received power threshold, a duration threshold, a beam selection threshold, or any combination thereof.

20. A method for wireless communication in a network entity, Transmitting a set of synchronization signals through multiple beams in a beamcode book, Receiving a first measurement report indicating a first set of beam measurement values ​​corresponding to the plurality of beams in the beamcode book, based at least in part on the set of synchronization signals, A first serving beam, distinct from each of the plurality of beams in the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, wherein the first serving beam transmits a first serving beam indication, which includes an instruction to monitor the first serving beam, based at least in part on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. Receiving a second measurement report that shows a second set of beam measurement values ​​corresponding to the plurality of beams, and shows at least one beam measurement value associated with the first serving beam, A method comprising communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam, at least partially based on the fact that the at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising performing a weighted sum of the first set of beam measurements corresponding to each of the plurality of beams in the beamcode book, wherein the first serving beam is associated with a beam direction based at least in part on the weighted sum.

22. Based at least in part on the first set of beam measurements, a beam index associated with the first serving beam is generated, wherein the beam index is different from the set of beam indices for the plurality of beams in the beam codebook. The method according to claim 20, further comprising transmitting instructions in the beamcodebook, including the beam index associated with the first serving beam.

23. Receiving the second measurement report showing the second set of beam measurement values, The method according to claim 20, comprising receiving one or more received power measurements for each of the plurality of beams in the beamcode book and for the first serving beam.

24. With respect to the beamcode book, a beam index associated with the second serving beam is generated, at least partially based on the removal of the first serving beam from the beamcode book. The method according to claim 20, further comprising transmitting a second serving beam indication which includes instructions for monitoring each of the plurality of beams in the beam code book and the second serving beam which is different from the first serving beam.

25. The first serving beam is generated by routing the input signal to at least two antenna elements of the network entity, The method according to claim 20, further comprising using the at least two antenna elements to transmit the first serving beam in a direction at least partially based on the first set of beam measurements of the first measurement report.

26. The method according to claim 25, further comprising splitting the input signal into two input signals having different input powers for each of the at least two antenna elements.

27. The method according to claim 25, further comprising applying one or more beam weights to each of the at least two antenna elements.

28. The method according to claim 20, further comprising generating the first serving beam based at least in part on one or more beam coefficients, input signals in the network entity, the radiation pattern of each of the plurality of beams, the angles of one or more side lobes associated with the radiation pattern, or any combination thereof.

29. To determine the set of beam weighting coefficients associated with the first serving beam, a selection algorithm is applied to a plurality of beam weighting coefficients included in the first set of beam measurements, The method according to claim 20, further comprising transmitting the first serving beam according to a signal energy that is at least partially based on the set of beam weighting coefficients.

30. A method for wireless communication in user equipment (UE), Receiving a set of synchronization signals through multiple beams in a beamcode book, Transmitting a first measurement report, which includes a first set of beam measurements corresponding to the plurality of beams in the beamcode book, based at least in part on the set of synchronization signals, A first serving beam, distinct from each of the plurality of beams in the beamcodebook used for transmitting the set of synchronization signals, wherein the first serving beam receives a first serving beam indication which includes an instruction to monitor the first serving beam, which is at least partially based on the first set of beam measurements indicated by the first measurement report. Transmitting a second measurement report showing a second set of beam measurement values ​​corresponding to the plurality of beams and at least one beam measurement value associated with the first serving beam, A method comprising communicating one or more messages over the first serving beam, at least partially based on the fact that the at least one beam measurement associated with the first serving beam satisfies a threshold.

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