Fire protection structures for building elements, frame units, and frame elements

Abstract

A flame protection structure (100) for building elements includes a frame (200) and a fire-resistant panel (300) fixed to the frame. The fire-resistant panel (300) consists of at least one layer of calcium silicate board (310) and at least one layer of gypsum plasterboard (320). In the flame protection structure provided in this disclosure, the combination of different panels provides sufficient flame protection performance for various application environments. Furthermore, the flame protection structure of this disclosure is easy to install, promotes increased on-site construction speed, and avoids the potential harm to contractors caused by rock wool or mineral wool materials in conventional structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a fire protection structure for protecting elements within a building, and more particularly to a structure having a composite fire-resistant panel, as well as a frame unit and frame elements for assembling the fire protection structure.

Background Art

[0002] Regarding the flame protection of elements within a building, for example, the flame protection of piping within a building, conventionally, the piping is surrounded by a metal frame, and mineral wool or rock wool boards or blocks are provided on the outside of the frame, or provided for filling the metal frame. Also, an outer panel is provided on the outside of the mineral wool or rock wool to cover it. The outer panel can be a rock board or a calcium silicate board.

[0003] However, during handling or installation, mineral wool or rock wool materials can cause discomfort to the human body, such as skin itching, or respiratory problems. Further, as a result, filling the metal frame with rock wool or mineral wool requires a relatively long time for installation.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a novel solution for achieving flame protection of elements within a building without using rock wool or mineral wool materials, thereby avoiding potential harm to the human body, improving installation convenience, and shortening the installation time.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] For this purpose, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, a flame protection structure for a building element is provided, comprising a frame and a fire-resistant panel fixed to the frame, wherein the fire-resistant panel comprises at least one layer of calcium silicate board and at least one layer of gypsum plasterboard.

[0006] The calcium silicate board and gypsum plasterboard are fixed to the frame, respectively.

[0007] The fire-resistant panel consists of an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being made of at least one gypsum plasterboard and the outer layer being made of at least one calcium silicate board. Alternatively, the fire-resistant panel consists of an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being made of at least one calcium silicate board and the outer layer being made of at least one gypsum plasterboard.

[0008] The fire-resistant panel is composed of multiple layers of calcium silicate board and at least one layer of gypsum plasterboard, or at least one layer of calcium silicate board and multiple layers of gypsum plasterboard, with the layers of calcium silicate board and gypsum plasterboard being laminated alternately.

[0009] Gypsum plasterboard has a thickness ranging from 9 mm to 26 mm. Calcium silicate board has a thickness ranging from 9 mm to 15 mm. Specifically, the thickness of gypsum plasterboard ranges from 13 mm to 17 mm, while the thickness of calcium silicate board ranges from 10 mm to 14 mm.

[0010] The flame protection structure maintains integrity for 240 minutes and barrier (insulation) for 180 minutes, in accordance with the BS476:Part20:1987 standard.

[0011] The flame protection structure maintains fireproofing for at least 28 minutes when exposed to fire, in accordance with the BS476:Part20:1987 standard.

[0012] The frame is assembled from at least one frame unit, and the frame unit is prefabricated either as a whole unit or as separate components.

[0013] The frame unit has at least one ring frame element and at least one longitudinal frame element fixed to the ring frame element. The ring frame element and the longitudinal frame element are made of steel sheets having a thickness of at least 0.6 mm.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a frame unit for assembling the flame protection structure is provided.

[0015] According to yet another aspect of this disclosure, a frame element for assembling the flame protection structure is provided.

[0016] The flame protection structure provided in this disclosure utilizes a combination of different panels to provide adequate flame protection for various building elements. Furthermore, the flame protection structure of this disclosure is easy to install, facilitates increased on-site construction speed, and avoids harm to contractors caused by exposure to rock wool or mineral wool materials. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of a flame protection structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the flame protection structure shown in Figure 1.

[0019] [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the test reactor to be used. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0020] Detailed explanation

[0021] Specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art can understand that the details provided in this specification are for the purpose of explanation and do not limit this specification.

[0022] In the present disclosure, a flame protection structure for protecting elements in a building is provided. The flame protection structure has a frame and a fire-resistant panel fixed to the frame. The fire-resistant panel is composed of at least one layer of calcium silicate board and at least one layer of gypsum plaster board.

[0023] An intermediate layer, such as an adhesive material layer, does not exist between the board materials. That is, adjacent calcium silicate boards, adjacent gypsum plaster boards, or a calcium silicate board and a gypsum plaster board adjacent to each other are in direct contact with each other, thereby avoiding the adverse effects that the intermediate layer may have on the flame protection performance. For this purpose, the calcium silicate board and the gypsum plaster board are fixed to the frame respectively in a removable or non-removable manner, for example, using screws, rivets, etc.

[0024] In one embodiment, the fire-resistant panel may be composed of an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer may be formed of at least one gypsum plaster board, and the outer layer may be formed of at least one calcium silicate board. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the fire-resistant panel may be composed of an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is formed of at least one calcium silicate board, and the outer layer is formed of at least one gypsum plaster board. In this specification, the inner layer refers to the layer relatively close to the frame, and the outer layer is the layer relatively far from the frame.

[0025] In other embodiments, the fire-resistant panel is composed of a plurality of layers of calcium silicate board and at least one layer of gypsum plaster board, or a plurality of layers of gypsum plaster board and at least one layer of calcium silicate board. In this case, the layers of calcium silicate board and gypsum plaster board are laminated alternately with each other. For example, at least one layer of calcium silicate board may be provided between two layers of gypsum plaster board, or at least one layer of gypsum plaster board may be provided between two layers of calcium silicate board, or a plurality of layers of gypsum plaster board and a plurality of layers of calcium silicate board may exist alternately in sequence.

[0026] Also, according to the requirements of specific applications, the gypsum plaster board may have a thickness in the range of 9 mm to 26 mm, and the calcium silicate board may have a thickness in the range of 9 mm to 15 mm.

[0027] Those skilled in the art can understand that according to the requirements of specific applications, two or more layers of gypsum plaster board can be provided, and similarly, two or more layers of calcium silicate board can be provided. In this case, based on the requirements of specific applications, such as the installation space, etc., the two or more layers of gypsum plaster board may have the same thickness or different thicknesses, and the two or more layers of calcium silicate board may also have the same thickness or different thicknesses.

[0028] Due to the good integrity characteristics of the calcium silicate board and the excellent barrier characteristics of the gypsum plaster board, the fire-resistant panel integrating the two boards can provide a building element with sufficient passive fire protection performance and has a good consumption ratio. The gypsum plaster board and calcium silicate board used in the present disclosure may be obtained as commercially available products.

[0029] The frame can be any structure that can provide mounting and fastening, insofar as the frame can provide fixing and support, such as a ceiling frame, a partition wall frame, or a hollow frame enclosing a building element. Therefore, the flame protection structure of the present invention can be adapted for the protection of various building elements. [Examples]

[0030] Table 1 provides several examples used to perform the barrier tests. These examples include combinations of multiple thicknesses. Four different types of gypsum plasterboard articles were used in Examples 1–14, which are sold under the trademarks BaseLine (BL), FireLine (FL), Duraline (DL), and Topline (TL), and are all commercially available. The fireproof panels in Examples 1–14 consisted of one layer of calcium silicate board and one layer of gypsum plasterboard. Those skilled in the art will understand that a fireproof panel consisting of a relatively large number of layers of gypsum plasterboard and / or a relatively large number of layers of calcium silicate board will have relatively high barrier properties.

[0031] [Table 1]

[0032] The shutoff test was conducted in accordance with standard BS476:Part20:1987. Specifically, the test sample was placed in the chamber of the test furnace shown in Figure 3, and a fire was induced in the chamber, thereby exposing part or all of the sample to the fire. The test results were obtained by measuring the signals from sensors placed on the sample or at specific locations.

[0033] As shown in Table 1, the frames in Examples 1-7 were configured to serve as ceiling frames. In the tests, the flame protection structure was placed on top of the chamber of the test furnace, thereby horizontalizing the fireproof panels and exposing them to the flame. Multiple sensors, such as thermocouples, were attached to the side of the flame protection structure that was not exposed to the flame. The time interval from the start of the test to the measurement of the above temperature was determined as an index of the shielding performance in minutes, whichever came first: when the maximum temperature measured by any sensor was 180 degrees higher than the initial temperature, or when the average temperature measured by the sensors was 140 degrees higher than the initial temperature.

[0034] As shown in Table 1, the frames of Examples 8 to 14 were configured to serve as partition wall frames, and fire-resistant panels were fixed to both sides of the partition wall frames. In the tests, the fire-resistant panel on one side of the flame protection structure faced the inside of the test furnace chamber and was thus exposed to the flame, while the fire-resistant panel on the other side faced the outside of the test furnace chamber. Sensors were attached to the partition wall side that was not exposed to the fire. Similarly, the time interval from the start of the test to the measurement of the above temperature was determined in minutes as an index of the shielding performance, whichever came first: when the maximum temperature measured by any sensor was 180 degrees higher than the initial temperature, or when the average temperature measured by the sensors was 140 degrees higher than the initial temperature.

[0035] Figures 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the fire protection structure 100 of the present disclosure is used to provide flame protection for piping 400 within a building.

[0036] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the frame 200 includes a plurality of ring frame elements 210 and a plurality of longitudinal frame elements 220. Each longitudinal frame element 220 is connected to a ring frame element 210. In particular, the plurality of ring frame elements 210 are aligned longitudinally and connected by the longitudinal frame elements 220, thereby forming the frame 200. The cross-section of the ring or longitudinal frame element may be L-shaped or U-shaped. "Longer" refers to the length direction of the flame protection structure, and "ring" refers to the width direction of the flame protection structure. In this embodiment, the ring frame elements 210 and the longitudinal frame elements 220 are made of steel sheets having a thickness of at least 0.6 mm.

[0037] Referring to Figure 1, the ring frame element 210 is configured to be rectangular. For example, two L-shaped elements may be connected, for example, with screws, and their ends fixed, thereby forming the ring frame element 210. However, the ring frame element can be formed using any other suitable elements. In this example, the longitudinal frame elements 220 are fixed to the four corners of the ring frame element 210.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will understand that in other embodiments, depending on the specific application environment, the ring frame element 210 may be configured to have any suitable shape, as long as it can provide a hollow internal cavity, thereby allowing the cross-section of the frame 200 to be any suitable shape, such as circular or triangular.

[0039] As shown in Figure 1, the fire-resistant panel 300 is fixed to the frame 200, thereby configuring the flame protection structure 100 to be a hollow pipe with a rectangular cross-section. Depending on the specific application environment, the longitudinal ends of the flame protection structure 100 may be open or closed. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the fire-resistant panel may be fixed to the four side walls of the flame protection structure 100. Alternatively, in other embodiments, depending on the specific application environment, the fire-resistant panel may be fixed to only two or three side surfaces of the flame protection structure 100. End portion refers to the end portion or a portion near the end in the longitudinal direction of the flame protection structure. Side surface refers to a surface to which the fire-resistant panel can be fixed.

[0040] In this embodiment, the fire-resistant panel 300 is a laminated structure consisting of an outer layer formed of at least one calcium silicate board 310 and an inner layer formed of at least one gypsum plasterboard 320. The gypsum plasterboard 320 and the calcium silicate board 310 are fixed to the frame, for example, by screws. Specifically, the calcium silicate board 310 and the gypsum plasterboard 320 are directly fixed to the longitudinal frame element 220. In this way, the fire-resistant panel can be easily fixed to the frame 200, thereby enabling quick and easy installation and construction.

[0041] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the thickness of the gypsum plasterboard is in the range of 13 to 17 mm, preferably 15 mm. The thickness of the calcium silicate board is in the range of 10 to 14 mm, preferably 12 mm.

[0042] Similarly, samples of the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2 were tested in accordance with the standard BS476:Part20:1987.

[0043] The specific test procedure is as follows: A portion of the test sample is placed inside the chamber of the test furnace, and the part exposed to the flame during the test is called the exposed portion; the remaining portion of the sample is placed outside the chamber of the test furnace, and this portion not exposed to the flame during the test is called the unexposed portion; multiple temperature sensors, such as thermocouples, are provided on the fire-resistant panel of the unexposed portion during the test; multiple temperature sensors, such as thermocouples, are provided on the piping 400 protected by the exposed portion inside the chamber of the test furnace; a flame is introduced into the chamber of the test furnace, and heating is carried out for a certain period of time in accordance with the "Methods for testing the fire resistance of building elements - General rules" specified in Chapter 20 of the test standard BS476.

[0044] For the exposed portion, when the sensor provided on the piping 400 reached 75 degrees Celsius, the elapsed test time was used as an indicator of the cutoff of the exposed portion, measured in minutes.

[0045] For the unexposed areas, the time interval from the start of the test to the measurement of the above temperature was determined as a shielding index in minutes, whichever came first: when the maximum temperature measured by any sensor was 180 degrees higher than the initial temperature, or when the average temperature measured by the sensors was 140 degrees higher than the initial temperature. Furthermore, the time for which the flame protection structure of the unexposed areas maintained its integrity was measured in minutes.

[0046] In the test sample described above in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the exposed portion of the flame protection structure can maintain its blocking properties for more than 37 minutes, while the unexposed portion can maintain its integrity for 240 minutes and its blocking properties for 180 minutes.

[0047] According to the various embodiments described above, the flame protection structures of this disclosure can be used to provide sufficient flame protection for various building elements.

[0048] Furthermore, in other embodiments, the frame may be assembled from at least one frame unit. The frame unit may be prefabricated as a whole unit, and multiple frame units may be fixedly connected to each other to form a complete frame. Alternatively, the frame unit may be prefabricated as separate components, and these components may be combined to form a complete frame.

[0049] Accordingly, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the frame units for assembling the flame protection structure may be prefabricated as a whole unit or as a plurality of separate components. In this way, the plurality of frame units or components can be easily fixed and connected to one another at the construction site, thereby forming a complete frame.

[0050] Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the frame elements for assembling the flame protection structure shown in Figures 1 and 2 may be ring frame elements. Alternatively, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the frame elements for assembling the flame protection structure shown in Figures 1 and 2 may be longitudinal frame elements.

[0051] The above description details the technical solutions of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific details described in the embodiments above, but rather can be modified within the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A flame protection structure (100) for a building element, comprising a frame (200) and a fire-resistant panel (300) fixed to the frame, wherein the fire-resistant panel (300) is composed of at least one layer of calcium silicate board (310) and at least one layer of gypsum plasterboard (320).

2. The flame protection structure (100) for building elements according to claim 1, wherein the calcium silicate board (320) and the gypsum plasterboard (310) are each fixed to the frame (200).

3. The flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fire-resistant panel (300) is composed of an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being made of at least one gypsum plasterboard (320), and the outer layer being made of at least one calcium silicate board (310).

4. The flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fire-resistant panel (300) is composed of an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being formed of at least one calcium silicate board, and the outer layer being formed of at least one gypsum board.

5. The fire-resistant panel (300) is composed of a plurality of layers of calcium silicate board and at least one layer of gypsum plasterboard, or is composed of at least one layer of calcium silicate board and a plurality of layers of gypsum plasterboard, wherein the layers of calcium silicate board and gypsum plasterboard are alternately laminated, the flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The flame protection structure (100) for building elements according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gypsum plasterboard has a thickness in the range of 9 mm to 26 mm.

7. The flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the calcium silicate board has a thickness in the range of 9 mm to 15 mm.

8. A flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the thickness of the gypsum plasterboard is in the range of 13 to 17 mm, and the thickness of the calcium silicate board is in the range of 10 to 14 mm.

9. The flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to claim 8, wherein the flame protection structure maintains integrity for 240 minutes and maintains barrier properties for 180 minutes in accordance with the BS476:Part20:1987 standard.

10. The flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to claim 1, wherein the flame protection structure maintains its fire-blocking properties for 28 minutes or more in accordance with the BS476:Part20:1987 standard when exposed to fire.

11. The flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the frame (200) is assembled from at least one frame unit, and the frame unit is prefabricated as a whole unit or as separate components.

12. The flame protection structure (100) for a building element according to claim 11, wherein the frame unit (200) has at least one ring frame element (210) and at least one longitudinal frame element (220) fixed to the ring frame element (210).

13. The flame protection structure (100) for building elements according to claim 12, wherein the ring frame element (210) and the longitudinal frame element (220) are made of a steel sheet having a thickness of at least 0.6 mm.

14. A frame unit for assembling the flame protection structure according to claim 11.

15. A frame element for assembling the flame protection structure according to claim 12 or 13.

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