Method and apparatus for indicating positioning availability based on network congestion

Abstract

A technology for controlling positioning services is provided. For example, a device within a user device (UE) is provided. The device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory containing computer program code. When executed using at least one processor, the computer program code causes the device to perform at least the following actions: receive a first message relating to the degradation of a first positioning technology related to the positioning service; and control the positioning service based on the first message.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to wireless communication systems that enable active or passive provision of an indication of positioning availability based on network congestion. More particularly, the present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for controlling a positioning service.

Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are constantly evolving. There is a need for higher data transfer speeds and high service quality. Reliability requirements are always increasing, and methods and means for ensuring reliable connections and data traffic while minimizing transmission delays are constantly being developed.

[0003] Standardization bodies such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) are researching potential solutions for the efficient operation of wireless communication in new radio (NR) networks. The next-generation mobile wireless communication system 5G / NR supports a diverse set of use cases and a diverse set of deployment scenarios. In addition to typical mobile broadband use cases, NR has also been developed to support machine type communication (MTC), ultra-high reliability low latency communication (URLCC), sidelink device-to-device communication (D2D), and other use cases.

[0004] Positioning and location services have been a topic in LTE standardization. The aim was to meet the legal regulatory requirements regarding the positioning of emergency calls.

[0005] Use cases related to positioning in URLLC generally require high integrity performance. Examples of use cases include vehicle-to-device (V2X) communication, fully autonomous driving, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) such as drones, e-health, rail, maritime, emergency, and mission-critical applications. In use cases where major errors, such as incorrect legal judgments or incorrect toll calculations, could have serious consequences, integrity reporting can be extremely important.

[0006] In positioning and location services, positioning integrity is considered an indicator of confidence in the accuracy of location-related data and the ability to provide timely warnings based on assistance data provided by the network. Release 17 focused on the integrity of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Release 18 considers other positioning technologies and aspects of integrity relevant to mission-critical use cases that rely on positioning estimates and corresponding uncertainty estimates. Integrity enables applications to make correct decisions based on reported positions, for example, when monitoring a robotic arm to determine whether its movement is within an acceptable range to maintain a safe distance from humans and other objects. Therefore, a reliable mechanism is needed to achieve positioning integrity and accuracy in positioning and location services. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a mechanism that contributes to achieving positioning integrity and accuracy of positioning and location services. Methods and apparatus for controlling positioning and location services are provided to improve integrity and accuracy. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A first aspect of this disclosure provides a user device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) or a device within such a user device. The user device or device according to the first aspect comprises at least one processor and at least one memory containing computer program code. The computer program code, when executed using at least one processor, causes the device or user device to receive a first message relating to the degradation of a first positioning technology relating to a positioning service, and to control the positioning service based on the first message.

[0009] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first message may include at least one of the following: an indication that the positioning quality of service (QoS) requirements for the first positioning technology are not guaranteed, or an indication that the positioning integrity requirements for the positioning service are not guaranteed.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the indication may indicate that positioning QoS requirements are not guaranteed for at least one of a specified area or a specified time. In some embodiments, the specified area may comprise one or more transmit / receive point (TRP) identifiers and / or roadside unit (RSU) identifiers. The one or more TRP identifiers and / or RSU identifiers may be defined as a list.

[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the positioning QoS requirements may include at least one of latency, time to alert (TTA), or accuracy.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, in order to control the positioning service, computer program code, when executed using at least one processor, can cause the device to hold off on sending positioning request transmissions related to the first positioning technique, or to reduce the number of positioning request transmissions for the positioning service.

[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect, in order to control a positioning service, computer program code, when executed using at least one processor, can cause the device to suspend the exchange of positioning-related messages related to the first positioning technique, or to reduce the number of positioning-related message exchanges for the positioning service.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is unavailable.

[0015] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one available positioning technique.

[0016] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first message may indicate the second positioning technique.

[0017] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the computer program code may further cause the device to send a second message containing congestion status information relating to one or more network performance metrics related to congestion, when executed using at least one processor.

[0018] In some embodiments of the first aspect, one or more network performance metrics may include at least one of delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, number of user devices per cell, number of occupied radio resources, measurement interference on resources, or occurrence of a predefined event. In some other embodiments, one or more network performance metrics related to positioning services may include at least one of the number of user devices requesting positioning services within a time period and / or area, and the average latency of requests for positioning services within a time period and / or area.

[0019] In some embodiments of the first aspect, at least one positioning technique may comprise one or more of the sidelink-based positioning techniques and wireless access technology (RAT)-independent positioning techniques.

[0020] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the second message is transmitted using the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) or radio resource control (RRC).

[0021] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to determine congestion that could cause degradation.

[0022] In some embodiments of the first aspect, in order to determine congestion, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to determine that at least one of positioning quality of service (QoS) and positioning integrity is not met for multiple positioning requests.

[0023] In some embodiments of the first aspect, in order to determine that at least one of positioning service quality (QoS) and positioning integrity is not met, the computer program code may, when executed with at least one processor, cause the device to determine whether the number of requests for positioning services exceeds a threshold. In some further examples, the computer program code may, when executed with at least one processor, cause the device to receive a configuration including a threshold.

[0024] In some embodiments of the first aspect, in order to determine congestion, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to determine congestion for at least one of the sidelinks, uplinks, and downlinks.

[0025] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the computer program code can further cause the apparatus to receive a request for information regarding convergence when executed using at least one processor.

[0026] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first message can be received via broadcast, multicast, or dedicated unicast signaling.

[0027] In some examples of the first aspect, the first message can be received using the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) or radio resource control (RRC).

[0028] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first positioning technique can comprise a positioning service that depends on a radio access technology (RAT).

[0029] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for controlling a positioning service is provided. The method can be executed by a user device or a device within the user device. The method according to the second aspect comprises receiving a first message related to the degradation of a first positioning technique related to the positioning service, and controlling the positioning service based on the first message.

[0030] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first message comprises at least one of an indication indicating that the positioning service quality (QoS) requirement for the first positioning technique is not guaranteed or an indication indicating that the positioning integrity requirement for the positioning service is not guaranteed.

[0031] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the indication may indicate that positioning QoS requirements are not guaranteed for at least one of a specified area or a specified time. In some embodiments, the specified area may comprise one or more transmit / receive point (TRP) identifiers and / or roadside unit (RSU) identifiers. The one or more TRP identifiers and / or RSU identifiers may be defined as a list.

[0032] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the positioning QoS requirements may include at least one of latency, time to alert (TTA), or accuracy.

[0033] In some embodiments of the second aspect, controlling the positioning service may include withholding positioning request transmissions related to the first positioning technology, or reducing the number of positioning request transmissions for the positioning service.

[0034] In some embodiments of the second aspect, controlling the positioning service may include withholding the exchange of positioning-related messages related to the first positioning technology, or reducing the number of positioning-related messages exchanged for the positioning service.

[0035] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is unavailable.

[0036] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is available.

[0037] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first message may indicate the second positioning technique.

[0038] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the method may further include sending a second message containing congestion status information relating to one or more network performance metrics related to congestion.

[0039] In some embodiments of the second aspect, one or more network performance metrics may include at least one of delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, number of user devices per cell, number of occupied radio resources, measurement interference on resources, or occurrence of a predefined event. In some other embodiments, one or more network performance metrics related to positioning services may include at least one of the number of user devices requesting positioning services within a time period and / or area, and the average latency of requests for positioning services within a time period and / or area.

[0040] In some embodiments of the second aspect, at least one positioning technique may comprise one or more side-link-based positioning techniques and wireless access technology (RAT)-independent positioning techniques.

[0041] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the second message is transmitted using the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) or radio resource control (RRC).

[0042] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the method may include determining congestion that may cause degradation.

[0043] In some embodiments of the second aspect, determining congestion may include determining that at least one of positioning quality of service (QoS) and positioning integrity is not met for multiple positioning requests.

[0044] In some embodiments of the second aspect, determining that at least one of positioning service quality (QoS) and positioning integrity is not met may further comprise determining whether the number of positioning service requests exceeds a threshold. In some further examples, the method may further comprise receiving a configuration including a threshold.

[0045] In some embodiments of the second aspect, determining congestion may include determining congestion for at least one of the side links, uplinks, and downlinks.

[0046] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the method may further include receiving a request for information regarding congestion.

[0047] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first message may be received via broadcast, multicast, or dedicated unicast signaling.

[0048] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first message can be received using the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) or radio resource control (RRC).

[0049] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first positioning technology may include a positioning service that relies on radio access technology (RAT).

[0050] A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a user device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) or an apparatus within such a user device. The apparatus or user device according to the third aspect comprises means (e.g., a receiving module) for receiving a first message relating to the degradation of a first positioning technique relating to a positioning service, and means (e.g., a control module) for controlling the positioning service based on the first message.

[0051] In some embodiments of the third aspect, the user device or apparatus may further include means or modules for performing one or more of the embodiments of the second aspect.

[0052] A fourth aspect of this disclosure provides a user device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) or a device within such a user device. The user device or device according to the fourth aspect comprises at least one processor and at least one memory containing computer program code. When executed using the at least one processor, the computer program code causes the device or user device to receive a first message (e.g., assistance data) indicating a degradation of positioning services from, for example, a network device, and to control the use of positioning services based on the first message (e.g., assistance data).

[0053] A fifth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for controlling a positioning service. This method can be performed by a user device or a device within a user device. The method according to the fifth aspect includes, for example, receiving a first message (e.g., assistance data) from a network indicating a degradation of the positioning service, and controlling the use of the positioning service based on the first message (e.g., assistance data).

[0054] A sixth aspect of the present disclosure provides a network node (e.g., a base station, gNB, or LMF) or a device within such a network node. The network node or device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory containing computer program code. The computer program code causes the device or network node, when executed using at least one processor, to determine a degradation of a first positioning technique and to transmit a first message to a user device relating to the degradation, the first message triggering the user device to control a positioning service relating to the first positioning technique based on the first message.

[0055] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first message may include at least one of the following: an indication that the positioning QoS requirements for the first positioning technology are not guaranteed, or an indication that the positioning integrity requirements for the positioning service are not guaranteed.

[0056] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the indication may indicate that positioning QoS requirements are not guaranteed for at least one of a specified area or a specified time. In some embodiments, the specified area may comprise one or more transmit / receive point (TRP) identifiers and / or roadside unit (RSU) identifiers. The one or more TRP identifiers and / or RSU identifiers may be defined as a list.

[0057] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the positioning QoS requirements may include at least one of latency, time to alert (TTA), or accuracy.

[0058] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first message may instruct a user device to postpone sending positioning request transmissions related to the first positioning technology, or to reduce the number of positioning request transmissions for the positioning service.

[0059] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first message may indicate to a user device to postpone the exchange of positioning-related messages related to the first positioning technology, or to reduce the number of positioning-related message exchanges for a positioning service.

[0060] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is unavailable.

[0061] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is available.

[0062] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first message may indicate the second positioning technique.

[0063] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to receive a second message containing congestion status information relating to one or more network performance metrics related to congestion.

[0064] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, one or more network performance metrics may include at least one of delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, number of user devices per cell, number of occupied radio resources, measurement interference on resources, or occurrence of a predefined event. In some embodiments, one or more network performance metrics related to positioning services may include at least one of the number of user devices requesting positioning services within a time period and / or area, and the average latency of requests for positioning services within a time period and / or area.

[0065] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, at least one positioning technique may comprise one or more side-link-based positioning techniques and wireless access technology (RAT)-independent positioning techniques.

[0066] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the second message is received using the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) or radio resource control (RRC).

[0067] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the computer program code may further be made to determine congestion that could cause degradation of the device when executed using at least one processor.

[0068] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to observe that the first positioning technique may be degraded. In some embodiments, in order to observe that the first positioning technique may be degraded, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to observe that the quality of service (QoS) of positioning is not met with respect to the volume and / or rate of positioning requests in the area, that one or more key performance indicators (KPIs) of positioning integrity are not met, and that the number of rejected messages and / or error messages related to the first positioning technique exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0069] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in order to determine congestion, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to determine that at least one of the following is not met for multiple positioning requests: positioning quality of service (QoS) and positioning integrity.

[0070] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in order to determine that at least one of positioning service quality (QoS) and positioning integrity is not met, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to determine whether the number of requests for positioning services exceeds a threshold.

[0071] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in order to determine congestion, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to determine congestion for at least one of the sidelinks, uplinks, and downlinks.

[0072] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the computer program code may further cause the device to send a request for congestion information to a user device when executed using at least one processor.

[0073] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first message may be transmitted via broadcast, multicast, or dedicated unicast signaling.

[0074] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first message may be transmitted using the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) or radio resource control (RRC).

[0075] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the first positioning technology may include a positioning service that relies on radio access technology (RAT).

[0076] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the network node may include a base station (e.g., gNB) and / or a location management function (LMF).

[0077] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the computer program code, when executed using at least one processor, can cause the device to transmit a third message to the LMF via gNB, which includes congestion status information related to the first positioning technique. In such embodiments, the third message can be transmitted via NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa).

[0078] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the third message may be sent in response to a request from the LMF or in response to the gNB receiving the second message from the user device.

[0079] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the computer program code may, when executed using at least one processor, cause the device to send a fourth message related to the degradation of the first positioning technology related to the positioning service to the LMF via the gNB.

[0080] In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the computer program code, when executed using at least one processor, can cause the device to select a user device from among a plurality of user devices in order to provide a second message, and to notify the user device to provide the second message. In such embodiments, the selection of the user device may be based on one or more of the following: the minimum overhead incurred by providing the second message, the minimum sidelink resource overhead, and the current location of the user device.

[0081] A seventh aspect of this disclosure provides a method for controlling a positioning service. This method can be performed by a network node or a device within a network node. The method according to the seventh aspect includes determining a degradation of a first positioning technique and transmitting a first message relating to the degradation to a user device, the first message triggering the user device to control a positioning service relating to the first positioning technique based on the first message.

[0082] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first message may include at least one of the following: an indication that the positioning quality of service (QoS) requirements for the first positioning technique are not guaranteed, or an indication that the positioning integrity requirements for the positioning service are not guaranteed.

[0083] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the indication may indicate that positioning QoS requirements are not guaranteed for at least one of a specified area or a specified time. In some embodiments, the specified area may comprise one or more transmit / receive point (TRP) identifiers and / or roadside unit (RSU) identifiers. The one or more TRP identifiers and / or RSU identifiers may be defined as a list.

[0084] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the positioning QoS requirements may include at least one of latency, time to alert (TTA), or accuracy.

[0085] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first message may instruct a user device to postpone sending positioning request transmissions related to the first positioning technology, or to reduce the number of positioning request transmissions for the positioning service.

[0086] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first message may indicate to a user device to postpone the exchange of positioning-related messages related to the first positioning technology, or to reduce the number of positioning-related messages exchanged for the positioning service.

[0087] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is unavailable.

[0088] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is available.

[0089] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first message may indicate the second positioning technique.

[0090] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the method may further include receiving a second message containing congestion status information relating to one or more network performance metrics related to congestion.

[0091] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, one or more network performance metrics may include at least one of delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, number of user devices per cell, number of occupied radio resources, measured interference on resources, or occurrence of a predefined event. In some embodiments, one or more network performance metrics related to positioning services may include at least one of the number of user devices requesting positioning services within a time period and / or area, and the average latency of requests for positioning services within a time period and / or area.

[0092] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, at least one positioning technique may comprise one or more side-link-based positioning techniques and wireless access technology (RAT)-independent positioning techniques.

[0093] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the second message is received using the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) or radio resource control (RRC).

[0094] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the method may further include determining the congestion that may cause degradation.

[0095] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the method may further include observing that the first positioning technique may be degraded. In some embodiments, observing that the first positioning technique may be degraded may include at least one of the following: observing that the quality of service (QoS) of positioning is not met for the volume and / or rate of positioning requests in the area; observing that one or more key positioning integrity performance indicators (KPIs) are not met; and observing that the number of rejected messages and / or error messages related to the first positioning technique exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0096] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, determining congestion may include determining that at least one of positioning quality of service (QoS) and positioning integrity is not met for multiple positioning requests.

[0097] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, determining that at least one of positioning service quality (QoS) and positioning integrity is not met may include determining whether the number of positioning service requests exceeds a threshold.

[0098] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, determining congestion may include determining congestion for at least one of the side links, uplinks, and downlinks.

[0099] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the method may further include transmitting a request for congestion information to a user device.

[0100] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first message may be transmitted via broadcast, multicast, or dedicated unicast signaling.

[0101] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first message may be transmitted using the LTE positioning protocol (LPP) or radio resource control (RRC).

[0102] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the first positioning technology may include a positioning service that relies on radio access technology (RAT).

[0103] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the network node may include a base station (e.g., gNB) and / or a location management function (LMF).

[0104] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the method may further include the gNB transmitting a third message to the LMF containing congestion status information related to the first positioning technique. In such embodiments, the third message may be transmitted via NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa).

[0105] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the third message may be sent in response to a request from the LMF or in response to the gNB receiving the second message from the user device.

[0106] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the method may further include sending a fourth message to the LMF via the gNB relating to the degradation of the first positioning technology related to the positioning service.

[0107] In some embodiments of the seventh aspect, the method may further include selecting a user device from among a plurality of user devices to provide a second message, and notifying the user device to provide the second message. In such embodiments, the selection of the user device may be based on one or more of the minimum overhead incurred by providing the second message, the minimum sidelink resource overhead, and the current location of the user device.

[0108] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a network node (e.g., a base station, gNB, or LMF) or an apparatus within such a network node is provided. The network node or apparatus comprises means for determining degradation of a first positioning technique (e.g., a determination module) and means for transmitting a first message related to the degradation to a user device (e.g., a transmission module), the first message triggers the user device to control a positioning service related to the first positioning technique based on the first message.

[0109] In some embodiments of the eighth aspect, the network or device may further include means or modules for performing one or more examples of the seventh aspect.

[0110] A ninth aspect of the present disclosure provides a network node (e.g., a base station, gNB, or LMF) or a device within such a network node. The network node or device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory containing computer program code. The computer program code, when executed using at least one processor, causes the device or network node to send a first message (e.g., assistance data) to a user device indicating a degradation of the positioning service, and the first message causes the user device to control the use of the positioning service based on the first message (e.g., assistance data).

[0111] A tenth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for controlling a positioning service. This method can be performed by a network node or a device within a network node. The method according to the tenth aspect includes transmitting a first message (e.g., assistance data) to a user device indicating a deterioration of the positioning service, the first message being transmitted to cause the user device to control its use of the positioning service based on the first message (e.g., assistance data).

[0112] According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product includes program instructions stored on a computer-readable medium to perform a step according to any one of the embodiments of the methods outlined above when the program is executed on a computer.

[0113] According to a twelfth aspect of the present subject matter disclosure, a non-temporary computer-readable medium is provided which includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed on one or more processors, perform steps according to any one of the embodiments of the methods outlined above.

[0114] The embodiments and features described above can be implemented in systems, apparatus, methods, articles and / or non-temporary computer-readable media, depending on the desired configuration. The disclosure can be implemented in and / or used with a number of different types of devices, including but not limited to mobile phones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, portable media players and various other computing devices.

[0115] This summary is intended to provide a brief overview of some aspects and features of the present disclosure. It will be understood that the features described above are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, drawings, and claims.

[0116] List of abbreviations In this disclosure, the following abbreviations are used and should be understood according to their given definitions. DL Downlink gNB Next-generation (5G) node B LMF Location Management Function LPP LTE positioning protocol NRPPa NR Positioning Protocol A NW Network QoS (Quality of Service) RAT (Radio Access Technology) RRC (Radio Resource Control) SL Sidelink Time until TTA alert UE User Equipment UL Uplink V2X communication between cars and everything else

[0117] A better understanding of this disclosure can be obtained by considering the following detailed description of various embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0118] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wireless network. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of an example wireless device. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary network node. [Figure 4] This figure shows a shock wave event that causes network congestion in a roadside scenario. [Figure 5] This figure shows the general elements of the mechanism described in this disclosure in a roadside scenario. [Figure 6] This figure shows the general elements of the mechanism described in this disclosure in a roadside scenario. [Figure 7] This figure shows the general elements of the passive / active mechanisms described in this disclosure in roadside scenarios. [Figure 8] This figure shows the general elements of the passive / active mechanisms described in this disclosure in roadside scenarios. [Figure 9] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling a positioning service performed by a user device, according to several embodiments. [Figure 10] This is a block diagram of an exemplary wireless device comprising a module for implementing the method shown in Figure 9. [Figure 11]This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling network-based positioning services, according to several embodiments. [Figure 12] This is a block diagram of an exemplary network node comprising a module for implementing the method shown in Figure 11. [Figure 13] This is an illustrative message sequence diagram of a method for controlling a positioning service in several embodiments. [Figure 14] This is an illustrative message sequence diagram of a method for controlling a positioning service in several embodiments. [Figure 15] This is an illustrative message sequence diagram of a method for controlling a positioning service in several embodiments. [Figure 16] This is an illustrative message sequence diagram of a method for controlling a positioning service in several embodiments. [Figure 17] Figures 9 and 11 show block diagrams of exemplary virtualization processes for implementing the methods described in Figures 9 and 11. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0119] The examples and embodiments described below provide information to enable those skilled in the art to implement the disclosure. By reading the following description in reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of this specification and recognize applications of these concepts not specifically covered herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications are within the scope of this specification.

[0120] Numerous specific details are provided in the following description. However, it will be understood that embodiments can be implemented without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures, and techniques are not described in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement appropriate functions without excessive experimentation based on the descriptions contained herein.

[0121] In this specification, references to “one embodiment,” “a particular embodiment,” “an exemplary embodiment,” etc., indicate that the described embodiments may include certain features, structures, or characteristics, but not all embodiments necessarily include those features, structures, or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, where certain features, structures, or characteristics are described in relation to an embodiment, it is presented that implementing such features, structures, or characteristics in other embodiments, whether explicitly stated or not, is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0122] As used herein, “multiple” means two or three or more. As used herein, a “set” of items can include one or more such items. As used herein, terms such as “compose,” “include,” “have,” “contain,” and “involve” are understood to be open-ended, meaning they include but are not limited to these. Only the transitional phrases “consist of” and “essentially consist of” are closed or semi-closed transitional phrases with respect to the claims, respectively. In the claims or this disclosure, the use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” to modify an element does not in itself imply priority, precedence, or order of one element over other elements, or the temporal order in which the operation of a method is performed, but is simply used as a label to distinguish one element having a certain name from other elements having the same name (but for the purpose of using ordinal terms). As used herein, “and / or” and “at least one” mean that the enumerated items are choices, but choices include any combination of the enumerated items.

[0123] Before describing in detail the embodiments described herein, a brief explanation of the specific general principles of wireless communication systems will be given with reference to Figures 1 to 3 to help understand the underlying technology of the embodiments described.

[0124] Figure 1 shows an example of a wireless network 100 that can be used for wireless communication. The wireless network 100 includes wireless devices such as UEs 110 (e.g., 110A-110B) and network nodes such as wireless access nodes 120 (e.g., 120A-120B) (e.g., eNB, gNB, etc.) connected to one or more network nodes 130 via an interconnection network 125. Network 100 can use any appropriate deployment scenario. Each UE 110 within a coverage area 115 can be enabled to communicate directly with a wireless access node 120 via a wireless interface. In some embodiments, the UEs 110 can also be enabled to communicate with each other via D2D communication.

[0125] For example, UE110A can communicate with radio access node 120A via a radio interface. That is, UE110A can transmit radio signals to radio access node 120A and / or receive radio signals from radio access node 120A. Radio signals may include voice traffic, data traffic, control signals, and / or any other appropriate information.

[0126] As used herein, the term “User Device” (UE) has the full scope of its ordinary meaning and can refer to any type of wireless device capable of communicating with a network node and / or another UE in a cellular, mobile, or wireless communication system. Examples of UEs include target devices, D2D UEs, machine-type UEs or machine-to-machine (M2M) capable UEs, personal digital assistants, tablets, mobile terminals, smartphones, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop implementation devices (LMEs), USB dongles, ProSe UEs, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) UEs, V2X UEs, MTC UEs, eMTC UEs, FeMTC UEs, UE Cat 0, UE Cat ML, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) UEs, UE Cat NB1, etc. Exemplary embodiments of UEs are described in more detail below with reference to Figure 2.

[0127] In some embodiments, the area of ​​radio signal coverage 115 associated with the radio access node 120 can be referred to as a cell. However, particularly with regard to the 5G / NR concept, beams may be used instead of cells, and it is important to note that the concepts described herein are equally applicable to both cells and beams.

[0128] The interconnect network 125 may refer to any interconnect system capable of transmitting audio, video, signals, data, messages, etc., or any combination thereof. The interconnect network 125 may include all or part of a local, regional, or global communications or computer network, such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a public or private data network, a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, a wired or wireless network, a corporate intranet, or any other suitable communication link, including a combination thereof.

[0129] In some embodiments, the network node 130 can be a core network node that manages the establishment of communication sessions for the UE 110 and various other functionalities. Examples of network nodes 130 include mobile switching centers (MSCs), mobile mail operators (MMEs), serving gateways (SGWs), packet data network gateways (PGWs), operation and maintenance (O&M), operational support systems (OSS), SONs, positioning nodes (e.g., Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centers, E-SMLCs), location server nodes, MDT nodes, etc. The UE 110 can exchange specific signals with the network node 130 using the non-access layer (NAS) layer. In non-access layer signaling, signals between the UE 110 and the network node 130 can pass transparently through the radio access network. In some embodiments, the radio access node 120 can interface with one or more network nodes 130 via internode interfaces.

[0130] As used herein, the term “network node” has the full scope of its ordinary meaning and can correspond to any type of radio access node (or radio network node) or any network node that can communicate with a UE and / or another network node in a cellular, mobile, or radio communication system. Examples of network nodes include network nodes that may belong to NodeB, MeNB, SeNB, MCG, or SCG, base stations (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) radio access nodes such as MSR BS, eNodeB, network controllers, radio network controllers (RNC), base station controllers (BSC), relays, donor nodes that control relays, base transceiver stations (BTS), access points (AP), transmit points, transmit nodes, RRU, RRH, nodes of distributed antenna systems (DAS), core network nodes (e.g., MSC, MME, etc.), O&M, OSS, self-organizing networks (SON), positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLC), MDT, test equipment, etc. Exemplary embodiments of network nodes are described below in detail with reference to Figure 3.

[0131] In some embodiments, the wireless access node 120 can be a distributed wireless access node. The components of the wireless access node 120 and their associated functions can be separated into two main units (or sub-wireless network nodes) which can be called a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). Different distributed wireless network node architectures are possible. For example, in some architectures, the DU can be connected to the CU via a dedicated wired or wireless link (e.g., fiber optic cable), while in other architectures, the DU can be connected to the CU via a transport network. Furthermore, how the various functions of the wireless access node 120 are separated between the CU and the DU can differ depending on the selected architecture.

[0132] An exemplary wireless communication system is an architecture standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The latest 3GPP-based developments are often referred to as the Long-Term Evolution of Radio Access Technology (RAT) for Universal Mobile Communications Systems (UMTS) (LTE). Various development stages of 3GPP specifications are called releases. More recent developments of LTE are often referred to as LTE Advanced (LTE-A). LTE (LTE-A) employs a wireless mobile architecture known as Evolutionary Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and a core network known as Evolutionary Packet Core (EPC). Base stations in such systems, known as Evolutionary or Extended Node B (eNB), provide E-UTRAN features such as user-plane packet data convergence / radio link control / medium access control / physical layer protocol (PDCP / RLC / MAC / PHY) and control plane radio resource control (RRC) protocol termination for communication devices. Other RAT implementations include those provided by base stations in systems based on technologies such as WLAN and / or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). A base station can provide coverage for an entire cell or a similar wireless service area. Core network elements include a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (S-GW), and a packet gateway (P-GW).

[0133] A suitable embodiment of the communication system is the 5G or NR concept. The network architecture in NR can be similar to that of LTE-A. Base stations in an NR system may be known as next-generation node B (gNB). Changes to the network architecture may depend on the need for various radio technologies and more granular quality of service (QoS) support, and several on-demand requirements for QoS levels to support user-centric quality of experience (QoE). Network-aware services and applications, and service and application-aware networks, may also bring about changes to the architecture. These relate to information-oriented network (ICN) and user-oriented content delivery network (UC-CDN) methodologies. NR can use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, including macrosites that work in conjunction with smaller stations, more base stations or nodes than LTE (the so-called small cell concept), and employ various radio technologies for better coverage and extended data transfer rates.

[0134] Future networks may utilize Network Function Virtualization (NFV), a network architecture concept that proposes virtualizing network node functions into "building blocks" or entities that can be operationally connected or linked to one another to provide services. A Virtualized Network Function (VNF) can consist of one or more virtual machines that run computer program code using standard or common types of servers instead of customized hardware. Cloud computing or data storage can also be utilized. In wireless communication, this can mean node operations running on servers, hosts, or nodes operably coupled to remote radio heads, at least in part. It is also possible for node operations to be distributed across multiple servers, nodes, or hosts. Furthermore, it should be understood that the labor distribution between core network operations and base station operations may differ from, or may not exist, that of LTE.

[0135] An exemplary 5G core network (CN) comprises functional entities. The CN is connected to the UE via the Radio Access Network (RAN). The User Plane Function (UPF), which has a role called the PSA (PDU Session Anchor), can be responsible for forwarding frames between the Data Network (DN) and the tunnel established over 5G to the UE that exchanges traffic with the Data Network (DN). The UPF is controlled by the Session Management Function (SMF), which receives policies from the Policy Control Function (PCF). The CN may also include the Access & Mobility Function (AMF).

[0136] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wireless device UE110 according to a particular embodiment. The UE110 includes a transceiver 210, a processor 220, a memory 230, and a network interface 240. In some embodiments, the transceiver 210 facilitates the transmission of radio signals to and from a radio access node 120 (e.g., via a transmitter (Tx), receiver (Rx), and antenna). The processor 220 executes instructions that provide some or all of the functionality described herein as provided by the UE110, and the memory 230 stores the instructions executed by the processor 220. In some embodiments, the processor 220 and the memory 230 form a processing circuit.

[0137] The processor 220 may include any suitable combination of hardware for executing instructions and manipulating data in order to perform some or all of the described functions of the wireless device, such as the functions of the UE110 described herein. In some embodiments, the processor 220 may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microprocessors, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and / or other logic.

[0138] Memory 230 is generally operable to store instructions such as computer programs, software, applications, and / or other instructions executable by the processor 220, which generally include one or more logics, rules, algorithms, codes, tables, etc. Examples of memory 230 include computer memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., hard disks), removable storage media (e.g., compact discs (CDs) or digital video discs (DVDs)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-temporary computer-readable and / or computer-executable memory device that stores information, data, and / or instructions that can be used by the processor 220 of UE110. For example, memory 230 includes computer program code that causes the processor 220 to perform processing in the manner described below with reference to Figure 9.

[0139] The network interface 240 may refer to any suitable device that is communicatively coupled to the processor 220 and capable of receiving inputs from the UE 110, transmitting outputs from the UE 110, performing appropriate processing of inputs or outputs or both, communicating with other devices, or performing any combination thereof. The network interface 240 may include appropriate hardware (e.g., ports, modems, network interface cards, etc.) and software, including protocol conversion and data processing functions, for communication over the network.

[0140] Other embodiments of UE110 may include additional components other than those shown in Figure 2 that can serve to provide a particular aspect of the functionality of the wireless device, including any and / or any additional functionality (including any functionality necessary to support the mechanism provided herein). For example, UE110 may include input devices and circuits, output devices, and one or more synchronization units or circuits, which may be part of the processor 220. Input devices include mechanisms for inputting data into UE110. For example, input devices may include input mechanisms such as microphones, input elements, and displays. Output devices may include mechanisms for outputting data in audio, video, and / or hard copy formats. For example, output devices may include speakers, displays, and the like.

[0141] In some embodiments, the wireless device UE110 may comprise a set of modules configured to implement the functionality of the wireless device described herein.

[0142] It will be understood that various modules can be implemented as a combination of hardware and software, such as the processor, memory, and transceiver of the UE110 shown in Figure 2. Some embodiments may also include additional modules to support additional and / or optional functionality.

[0143] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wireless access node 120 or network node 130. The exemplary wireless access node 120 or network node 130 may include one or more of a transceiver 310, a processor 320, a memory 330, and a network interface 340. In some embodiments, the transceiver 310 facilitates the transmission of wireless signals to and from wireless devices such as UE 110 (e.g., via a transmitter (Tx), receiver (Rx), and antenna). The processor 320 executes instructions that provide some or all of the functionality described herein as being provided by the wireless access node 120 or network node 130, and the memory 330 stores the instructions executed by the processor 320. In some embodiments, the processor 320 and the memory 330 form a processing circuit. The network interface 340 can communicate signals to backend network components such as gateways, switches, routers, the Internet, public switched telephone networks (PSTN), core network nodes, or wireless network controllers.

[0144] The processor 320 may include any suitable combination of hardware for executing instructions and manipulating data in order to perform some or all of the functions described for a wireless access node 120 or network node 130 as described herein. In some embodiments, the processor 320 may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microprocessors, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and / or other logic.

[0145] Memory 330 is generally operable to store instructions such as computer programs, software, applications, and / or other instructions executable by the processor 320, which generally include one or more logic, rules, algorithms, codes, tables, etc. Examples of memory 330 include computer memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., hard disks), removable storage media (e.g., compact discs (CDs) or digital video discs (DVDs)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-temporary computer-readable and / or computer-executable memory device for storing information. For example, memory 330 includes computer program code that causes the processor 320 to perform processing in the manner described below, with reference to Figure 11.

[0146] In some embodiments, the network interface 340 may refer to any suitable device that is communicatively coupled to the processor 320 and capable of receiving inputs to the wireless access node 120 or network node 130, transmitting outputs from the wireless access node 120 or network node 130, performing appropriate processing of inputs or outputs or both, communicating with other devices, or performing any combination of the above. The network interface 340 may include appropriate hardware (e.g., ports, modems, network interface cards, etc.) and software for communication over the network, including protocol conversion and data processing functions.

[0147] Other embodiments of the wireless access node 120 or network node 130 may include additional components other than those shown in Figure 3 that can serve to provide a particular aspect of the node's functionality, including any and / or any additional functionality (including any functionality necessary to support the solutions described herein). Various different types of wireless access nodes or network nodes may include components that have the same physical hardware but are configured (e.g., via programming) to support different wireless access technologies, or they may represent partially or completely different physical components.

[0148] Other nodes (UE110, wireless access node 120, etc.) may include the same processor, interface, and memory as described in Figure 3. These other nodes may optionally include or omit wireless interfaces (such as the transceivers described in Figure 3).

[0149] In some embodiments, the wireless access node 120 or network node 130 may comprise a set of modules configured to implement the functionality of the wireless access node 120 or network node 130 as described herein.

[0150] It will be understood that various modules can be implemented as a combination of hardware and software, such as the processor, memory, and transceiver of the wireless access node 120 or network node 130 shown in Figure 3. Some embodiments may also include additional modules to support additional and / or optional functionality.

[0151] Before describing how to control positioning services according to some embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to Figures 9 to 16, some background information and aspects related to the present disclosure are provided.

[0152] In various scenarios (e.g., road-side scenarios), network congestion can occur due to specific environmental conditions. For example, in a V2X scenario, such a situation can occur when road traffic is highly congested due to an accident or shockwaves and phantom jams, as shown in Figure 4. As shown in Figure 3, in a road-side scenario, congestion of road traffic 410 due to an accident degrades network services, such as positioning services, used by user devices 420 (vehicles, etc.), due to network congestion. This is because such unexpected events significantly increase the proportion of messages transmitted by vehicles on the SL and UL (e.g., Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) messages such as Collaborative Recognition Messages (CAMs) and Distributed Environment Notification Messages (DENMs)). As a result, resources on the SL and / or Uu can become congested. Congestion due to increased data traffic can affect positioning services (e.g.), resulting in delays or drops in the transmission of positioning-related messages or reference signals, degrading positioning QoS, primarily in terms of latency and accuracy.

[0153] The 3GPP specification does not provide a mechanism for the degradation of positioning technology or positioning services related to positioning technology due to network congestion. Specifically, the core network entity controlling the positioning technology or positioning services (i.e., the Location Management Function (LMF)) does not have information about network conditions such as congestion or communication traffic load. Conventional solutions concern GNSS integrity and propose UE-assisted detection of threats to GNSS systems and assistance data signaling. However, conventional solutions do not consider the problem of network congestion on UL / DL or SL that impedes the availability and / or QoS / integrity of positioning services.

[0154] This disclosure provides a mechanism for controlling positioning services to achieve positioning integrity and accuracy. This disclosure addresses the drawback of graceful degradation of RAT-dependent positioning QoS under congested network scenarios. The mechanism for controlling positioning services provided by this disclosure allows the UE to continue performing positioning up to a certain range (i.e., positioning QoS) rather than failing completely, for example, based on active / passive warnings established by the network.

[0155] Generally, the UE is notified about the availability and continuity of QoS for positioning, and at least one of the UL, DL, or SL traffic is dynamically offloaded depending on network congestion / load conditions. More specifically, the mechanism described herein includes one or more of the following elements:

[0156] Figure 5 shows the general elements of the mechanism in a roadside scenario. As shown in Figure 5, network 510 provides a first message 540 (e.g., assistance data) to user device 520, the first message relating to the degradation of a first positioning technique (e.g., RAT-dependent positioning technique) associated with the positioning service used by user device 520. In addition, the first message may include an indication that certain positioning QoS requirements (e.g., latency, impact on TTA, accuracy) for a particular positioning method (i.e., a particular positioning service, or a particular positioning technique) may not be guaranteed in a particular area and / or at a particular time. In addition, and alternatively, the first message may include an indication (e.g., a warning) that a limited QoS can be guaranteed (e.g., accuracy or delay within a certain range, or above / below a threshold). In other words, network 510 sends a warning to user device 520 via the first message 540 indicating that positioning QoS cannot be met due to network congestion.

[0157] For example, as shown in Figure 5, a network 510 (e.g., a base station such as network node 120A or LMF in Figure 1) provides a first message 540 (e.g., assistance data) to a user device 520 (e.g., a UE of a vehicle traveling along a road and approaching a congestion area 530). The first message 540 relates to RAT-dependent positioning technology and indicates the possibility of degradation of RAT-dependent positioning technology related to positioning services. Positioning services are used by the user device 520 to determine its location. As shown in the embodiment, the first message 540 may indicate to the user device 520 that a congestion area 530 is located ahead of the user device 520, for example, within 1 kilometer. The first message 540 may also indicate that positioning QoS cannot be guaranteed due to congestion in a particular area. An area can be defined as a list of identifiers (IDs) of transmit / receive points (TRPs) and / or roadside units (RSUs).

[0158] Furthermore, the first message 540 may include recommendation information. The recommendation information provides the user device 520 with an indication of whether at least one positioning technique (e.g., RAT-dependent positioning technique) is available or unavailable. The recommendation information may also indicate (non-)availability in a particular area and / or at a particular time. As shown in the embodiment, the first message may indicate a second positioning technique (e.g., RAT-independent positioning technique) that the user device 520 can switch to in order to avoid degradation of positioning based on the first positioning technique (e.g., RAT-dependent positioning technique).

[0159] For example, as shown in Figure 5, the first message 540 includes a recommendation to switch to a RAT-independent positioning service. This recommendation can be used when it is necessary to support different capabilities of the user device 520. Examples of second positioning techniques include Uu-based methods (e.g., Downlink Time of Arrival Difference (DL TDoA), Multi-Cell Round Trip Time (Multi RTT), Uplink Angle of Arrival (UL AoA), etc.), SL-based methods, GNSS, and other RAT-independent techniques (e.g., motion sensors, Bluetooth, etc.). In this regard, the network 510 (e.g., LMF) can also decide which particular positioning technique to use in the case of Uu-based methods. For example, the network 510 may indicate a preference for the RTT method over DL TDoA.

[0160] In some specific examples, the network 510 provides the user device 520 with a first message 540 indicating that "there is a traffic accident ahead, and the number of positioning requests on the network is high due to traffic congestion. The latency of Uu-based positioning technology, e.g., multi-RTT, is unsatisfactory. Instead, switch to SL-based or RAT-independent positioning technology." That is, the network device 510 provides the user device 520 with information indicating degradation related to Uu-based positioning technology, information indicating a specific area where degradation may exist (e.g., along the road ahead of the user device 520), and recommendation information related to SL-based or RAT-independent positioning technology that the user device 520 may switch to.

[0161] Based on a first message 540 (e.g., a warning, a degradation indication, etc.), the user device 520 can control the use of the positioning service or positioning service based on the first message 540. For example, the user device 520 can avoid the impact on positioning caused by congestion 530 (e.g., network delay) and help offload congested traffic by postponing the transmission of positioning requests related to the first positioning technology, postponing the exchange of positioning-related messages related to the first positioning technology, reducing the number of positioning request transmissions for the positioning service, reducing the number of exchanges of positioning-related messages for the positioning service, and / or switching to a second positioning technology or positioning service related to the second positioning technology requested by the network 510.

[0162] Figure 6 illustrates more general elements of the mechanism in the roadside scenario. As shown in Figure 6, the user device 620 provides the network 610 with a second message containing congestion status information relating to one or more network performance metrics related to congestion (e.g., an indication of network congestion affecting positioning QoS). That is, the user device 620 indicates to the network 620 that the first positioning technology (e.g., RAT-dependent positioning technology) or positioning services related to the first positioning technology may be affected by degradation. For example, the user device 620 may provide the network 610 with a second message 640 (e.g., assistance data) containing congestion status information indicating traffic congestion on the SL affecting positioning QoS. The second message 640 may also provide further information, such as that certain key performance indicators (KPIs) required for the first positioning technology or positioning services are unattainable due to traffic congestion.

[0163] Exemplary KPIs that can help identify different integrity events include the alert limit (i.e., the maximum error allowed for safe operation), time to alert (TTA) (i.e., the maximum allowable elapsed time from the occurrence of a positioning failure until the user device announces an alert), integrity risk (TR) (i.e., the maximum probability of providing a signal that deviates from tolerance without warning within a given time period), and protection level (PL) (i.e., a statistical error boundary calculated to ensure that the probability of an absolute position error exceeding a numerical value is less than or equal to the target integrity risk).

[0164] An indication (e.g., a warning) provided to the network 610 by the user device 620 may trigger the network 610 to provide the user device 620 with a first message 540 (e.g., assistance data) as shown in Figure 5, indicating that certain positioning QoS requirements for the first positioning technique may not be guaranteed, as shown in Figure 5.

[0165] In principle, the mechanism provided by this disclosure provides two different ways of triggering the delivery of a first message to a user device relating to the degradation of a particular positioning technique. The first method (referred to herein as passive) involves a network (e.g., LMF and / or gNB) observing that a particular positioning technique may be subject to degradation. For example, the network may observe that positioning QoS (e.g., RAT-based positioning QoS using UL, DL, or SL) is not met for a certain amount / rate of positioning requests in a particular area (e.g., a particular cell), that positioning integrity KPIs are not met, or that there are many rejection / error messages related to positioning. The reasons for observing the degradation of a particular positioning technique can be due not only to congestion but also to jamming, attacks, etc.

[0166] A second method (referred to herein as active) involves a user device notifying the network (e.g., gNB and / or LMF) in a second message about the possibility of degradation of a particular positioning technique. For example, a user device may notify the network about network traffic congestion on the SL (as shown in Figure 6). In another embodiment, within the network, a gNB may notify the LMF about network traffic congestion on at least one of the SL, UL, or DL. In response, the network (e.g., gNB and / or LMF) may send a first message (i.e., a warning) related to the degradation, based on the assumption / prediction that the network traffic congestion will ultimately affect positioning QoS / integrity.

[0167] Here, with reference to Figure 7, we will describe the general elements of the passive mechanism provided by this disclosure in a roadside scenario.

[0168] As described above, in the passive mechanism, the network transmits a first message 740 (e.g., assistance data) related to the degradation of the first positioning technique based on observations and / or indications that the first positioning technique may be subject to degradation. For example, a network node of the network (e.g., gNB725A or LMF720) triggers the transmission of the first message 740 to a user device 710 (e.g., UE) based on observations of the network node regarding positioning requests such as unsatisfied positioning QoS and / or positioning integrity, and / or indications from a user device, other network nodes of the network (e.g., gNB725A, 725B), or other network elements (e.g., RSU, positioning reference unit, i.e., PRU).

[0169] According to the passive mechanism, the LMF720 determines that, for each positioning technique, positioning QoS and / or positioning integrity are not met for a certain number of requests (e.g., the number of requests exceeding a predetermined threshold) within a specific area (e.g., within a cell such as cell X, or within a list of cells). For example, the LMF720 may determine that positioning QoS was not met for a number of positioning requests exceeding a predetermined threshold (e.g., 70% of positioning requests) within cell X, or more specifically, within a cell with a specific cell ID. As described, a network node (e.g., the LMF720) can configure one or more thresholds used for the determination. The thresholds may relate to the number or percentage of positioning requests rejected or not fulfilled over time, in an area, etc. The reasons why the number of positioning requests is not met (i.e., reasons that cause degradation of positioning techniques) may relate not only to congestion (e.g., congestion unit 730) that avoids the timely transmission of positioning-related signals or messages in UL or DL, but also to jamming, attacks, etc.

[0170] Alternatively, or additionally, a passive mechanism may include a user device 710 and / or a network node (e.g., gNB725A, 725B) determining that positioning QoS and / or positioning integrity (e.g., for positioning in at least one of SL, UL, or DL) are not met for a given number (or rate) of positioning requests (i.e., transmitted, received, or involved) in a particular area (e.g., within cell X, within a list of cells, or in an out-of-service zone). The user device 710 and gNB725A, 725B may use a predetermined threshold to determine that the number of positioning requests is not met. As above, the reason for the unmet number of positioning requests may be related not only to congestion (e.g., congestion unit 730) that avoids the timely transmission of positioning-related signals or messages in at least one of SL, UL, or DL, but also to jamming, attacks, etc.

[0171] Furthermore, in response to the decision, the user device 710 and / or gNB725A, 725B notify the LMF720 of any degradation in the positioning technology currently used for the positioning service (e.g., the first positioning technology). For example, gNB725A, 725B may notify the LMF720 via the NRPPa protocol, either at the request of the LMF720 or without a request. The user device 710 may notify the LMF720 by sending a second message (e.g., assistance data) to the LMF via LPP (i.e., via the LPP protocol), either at the request of the LMF720 or without a request. Alternatively, the user device 710 may also notify the LMF720 via gNB725A (i.e., the gNB providing services to the user device). More specifically, the user device 710 first notifies the gNB725A via the RRC protocol (for example, by sending a second message) and optionally indicates SL congestion (for example, by reporting the channel busy rate (CBR)). The gNB725A then informs the LMF720 of the information received from the user device 710 via the NRPPa protocol (for example, by sending a third or fourth message).

[0172] A first message 740 (e.g., assistance data) transmitted by the LMF720 to the user device 710 indicates a degradation in the positioning technology of the positioning service and causes the user device 710 to control the positioning service based on the first message. For example, the first message 740 may notify the user device 710 about congestion. In one example, the first message 740 indicates that positioning QoS for a positioning technology (e.g., UL TDoA positioning) cannot be guaranteed in a particular area (e.g., cell X). In addition, or alternatively, the first message 740 may include an indication (e.g., warning) that a limited QoS can be guaranteed (e.g., accuracy or latency within a certain range, or above / below a threshold). The first message 740 may also include an indication (e.g., recommendation) to switch to a different positioning technology (e.g., SL-based positioning technology, RAT-independent positioning technology). In response to receiving a switching indication, the user device 710 can control the positioning service to switch to a different positioning technology.

[0173] Here, with reference to Figure 8, the general elements of the active mechanism described herein in the roadside scenario will be explained.

[0174] As described above, in the active mechanism, the network transmits a first message 840 (e.g., assistance data) relating to the degradation of a positioning technique (e.g., a first positioning technique) associated with a location service used by a user device, based on observations and / or indications that the positioning technique may be subject to degradation. For example, a network node of the network (e.g., LMF820) triggers the transmission of the first message 840 to a user device 810A (e.g., UE) based on observations of the network node and / or indications from a user device, other network nodes of the network (e.g., gNB825A, 825B), or other network elements (e.g., RSU, PRU, etc.) regarding network traffic congestion in at least one of UL, DL, or SL.

[0175] A first message 840 (e.g., assistance data) transmitted by the LMF720 to the user device 810A indicates a degradation in positioning technology and causes the user device 810A to control the positioning service based on the first message 840. For example, the first message 840 may notify the user device 810A about congestion status. In one example, the first message 840 indicates that the positioning QoS of the positioning technology (e.g., SL TDoA positioning) cannot be guaranteed in a particular area (e.g., cell X). In addition, or alternatively, the first message 840 may include an indication (e.g., a warning) that a limited QoS can be guaranteed (e.g., accuracy or latency within a certain range, or above / below a threshold). The first message 840 may also include an indication (e.g., recommendation information) for switching to a different positioning technology (e.g., Uu-based or RAT-independent positioning technology). In response to receiving a switching indication, the user device 810A can control the positioning service to switch to a different positioning technology.

[0176] According to the active mechanism, the UE810B and / or network nodes (e.g., gNB825A, 825B) send a second message 850 (e.g., assistance data) to the LMF820. The second message 850 includes at least one congestion status information from UL, DL, or SL with respect to one or more network performance metrics related to congestion, such as delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, user density (e.g., number of UEs per cell), number / rate of occupied radio resources, measured interference on resources, and occurrence of specific (predefined) events. In some embodiments, the network performance metrics can be associated with one or more positioning technologies or one or more positioning services related to positioning technologies, such as the number of users per area requesting positioning within a certain period (e.g., within the last X seconds / minutes), or the average latency of positioning requests within a certain period (e.g., the last X minutes).

[0177] Alternatively, or additionally, the UE810B and / or network nodes (e.g., gNB825A, 825B) may notify the LMF820 via a second message 850 about several predetermined metrics related to SL congestion, such as SL channel busy rate (CBR) or SL channel occupancy rate (CR). For example, the UE810B may send a second message 850 (e.g., assistance data) to a network node (e.g., gNB825B) indicating SL congestion in a particular area (e.g., within cell X) and that the SL CBR exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., SL CBR > 0.8). The network node (e.g., gNB825B) may then send the second message 850 received from the UE810B or data derived from the second message 850 to the LMF820.

[0178] In the active mechanism, network nodes (e.g., gNB825A, 825B) can request UE810A, 810B to provide a second message 850. For example, gNB825B can request UE810B to provide congestion-related information, such as CBR or CR being reported to gNB825B by UE810B. In response to receiving the second message 850, the network nodes (e.g., gNB825A, 825B) forward the second message 850 or congestion-related information to LMF820 (e.g., via NRPPa signaling). In the active mechanism, UE810A, 810B can alternatively or additionally report such information directly to LMF820 (e.g., via LPP). UE810A, 810B can report to LMF820 on or off. The second message 850 is sent by UE810A, 810B and / or gNB825A, 825B only if one or more metrics fall below / above a specific value (pre-configured) by the network. For example, as shown in Figure 8, UE810B can notify the LMF about the SL CBR if it determines that the SL CBR is above a (pre-configured) value of 0.8 (i.e., SL CBR > 0.8).

[0179] A further general element of the mechanism described herein is that a network (e.g., LMF) uses a first message (e.g., assistance data) to determine and notify users (i.e., user devices, UEs) in and around a particular area (e.g., a cell) and adjacent cells, as well as corresponding network entities (e.g., gNBs). The first message may, for example, indicate one or more of a list of one or more positioning technologies (e.g., positioning services related to one or more positioning technologies) that are unavailable or not recommended in a particular area at a particular time. For example, DL-TDoA is unavailable in a particular area (e.g., a cell) at a particular time (e.g., the next 10 minutes) due to DL traffic congestion. Alternatively, the list may indicate one or more alternative positioning technologies (e.g., positioning services related to one or more alternative positioning technologies) that are available in a particular area at a particular time, such as switching to an SL-based or RAT-independent technology (e.g., GNSS). The network (i.e., LMF) can send the first message to the UE via broadcast, multicast, or dedicated unicast signaling.

[0180] Reasons why a positioning technique is unavailable or not recommended may include not only congestion that prevents the timely transmission of positioning-related messages, but also external interference sources that prevent the proper reception of DL PRS. Similarly, an attacker may interfere with the transmission of DL PRS, resulting in inaccurate positioning measurements. According to the mechanism of this disclosure, if such observations related to a particular positioning technique are reported to the LMF, the LMF may induce the UE to switch to an alternative positioning technique, such as a Uu-based to SL or RAT-independent positioning technique.

[0181] According to the mechanism of this disclosure, upon receiving a first message from the network (e.g., assistance data, warning indication), the UE may, based on the content of the first message, perform one or more of the following: For example, the UE may suspend or reduce the exchange of mobile-initiated positioning requests (MO-LR) or positioning-related messages related to a new or ongoing positioning session (i.e., the positioning technique indicated by the first message) by utilizing an indicated positioning technique (e.g., UL-based positioning or DL-based positioning) that is expected to cause problems with positioning QoS and / or integrity (i.e., the positioning technique indicated by the first message). The UE may suspend or reduce MO-LR etc. for at least a specific time, distance, or other threshold indicated by the first message.

[0182] Alternatively, the UE may also utilize a recommended or alternative positioning technique that differs from the one indicated to degrade positioning QoS and / or integrity at least at certain time, distance, or other thresholds related to positioning QoS and / or integrity (i.e., the time, distance, or other threshold indicated in the first message) (e.g., if UL-based positioning or DL-based positioning is indicated to degrade positioning QoS, then using SL-based positioning or RAT-independent positioning techniques).

[0183] Other common elements of the mechanism described herein include the selection of UEs for congestion / positioning QoS indications. That is, one or more of the following are used to avoid unsolicited indications of congestion / positioning QoS transmitted from the UE to the network (which may cause additional congestion on the network):

[0184] In the first variation, the network may select and indicate one or more UEs (or groups of UEs) within a particular area to report network congestion and / or positioning QoS. The selection of one or more UEs to report network congestion can be based on the minimum overhead incurred by the congestion reporting. For example, a UE with a dedicated UL grant may be selected to report congestion using such UL resources. In such a case, the LMF may, as part of the NG-RAN procedure, send a new information element (IE) via NRPPa requesting the gNB, which serves the area where congestion has been identified, to identify one or more UEs with dedicated UL resources. The LMF may then request one or more UEs to report network congestion and / or positioning QoS.

[0185] In the second variation, the selection of one or more UEs can be made based on minimum SL resource overhead. In this case, the LMF can select UEs that are already sending SL broadcast messages so that there is no additional overhead on SL broadcasts caused by the UEs reporting congestion to other peer UEs via the SL.

[0186] In a third modification, the selection of one or more UEs can be made based on the current location of the UEs (considering that this information is still available and not yet corrupted). In some embodiments, a clustering algorithm (e.g., k-means clustering) can be used that divides the congested area into a certain number of sub-areas (e.g., k clusters in the case of k-means clustering) and selects one UE for each sub-area (e.g., in the case of k-means clustering, for each of the k clusters, the UE closest to the cluster centroid or cluster center of each cluster can be selected). In some embodiments, the congested area can be divided by TRP or by gNB, etc. In other embodiments, the division of the congested area may be done by user hotspots (e.g., determined by user density and coarse location).

[0187] When a UE provides congestion / positioning QoS indications to the network, the UE can also announce these congestion / positioning QoS indications on the SL (via broadcast messages). This allows other UEs on the SL to receive the congestion / positioning QoS indications, and these UEs are also notified of the backoff of the network congestion that is occurring. Indications can also be based on the receipt of acknowledgments (ACKs) from the network; that is, when a UE sends an indication to the network, the network sends a DL broadcast ACK message or a DL multicast ACK message, and other UEs that receive this ACK may refrain from sending any further indications to the network.

[0188] Herein, we describe exemplary methods for controlling positioning services according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0189] Figure 9 shows a flowchart of a method 900 for controlling a positioning service according to several embodiments. The method 900 is performed by a user device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) or by a device for use with a user device. For example, a user device can be represented by any one of the wireless devices, such as the UEs 110A to 110B of the wireless network 100 described above with reference to Figure 1, or the wireless device 110 described above with reference to Figure 2.

[0190] The user device 110 is connected to and services provided by the network 100. More specifically, the user device 110 is located in an area (i.e., cell 115) serviced by a base station (e.g., gNB 120A, 120B) and uses services such as positioning services related to positioning technology. Positioning technology can be provided or supported by the network 100. For example, the network 100 may include a network node (e.g., network node 130) or network function that provides a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF is a network entity within the 5G core network (5GC) that supports functions such as determining the location of the UE, downlink location measurements or location estimates from the UE, uplink location measurements from the NG RAN, and non-UE related assistance data from the NG RAN. For example, the positioning technology may include RAT-dependent positioning technologies (e.g., DL TDoA, AoD, UL TDoA, Multi RTT, SL TDoA, SL RTT, etc.).

[0191] In block 920, the user device receives a first message (e.g., assistance data) from the network. The first message indicates or relates to a degradation of positioning technology (also called the first positioning technology) related to the positioning service. Degradation of positioning technology can be caused, for example, by network congestion resulting from multiple (very many) requests related to positioning technology. Other reasons that can cause degradation include network jamming, attacks, etc. The first message can be received from the network by broadcast, multicast, or dedicated unicast signaling. According to some embodiments described in more detail below, the first message can be received from a network node of the network (e.g., LMF). In this case, the first message is received via the LPP protocol. According to some other embodiments described in more detail below, the user device can receive the first message from a base station serving a cell (e.g., gNB). In this case, the first message is received via RRC.

[0192] In some embodiments, the first message includes at least one of the following: an indication that one or more positioning QoS requirements for positioning technology are not guaranteed; an indication that limited QoS can be guaranteed (e.g., a warning); and an indication that one or more positioning integrity requirements for positioning services are not guaranteed. Embodiments of positioning QoS requirements include at least one of latency, time to alert (TTA), or accuracy. Embodiments of positioning integrity requirements include one or more KPIs. The indications may also further indicate that positioning QoS requirements / positioning integrity requirements are not guaranteed for a specified area and / or a specified time. The specified area may relate to one or more cells (e.g., cells providing services to user devices), one or more transmit / receive points (TRPs), one or more roadside units (RSUs), and / or out-of-service zones (e.g., adjacent cells). In some embodiments, the specified area may be represented by one or more identifiers of cells, TRPs, and / or RSUs and may be defined as a list. In some embodiments, an indication (i.e., a warning) showing that limited QoS can be guaranteed may also indicate that a certain precision or latency within a certain range, or above / below a threshold, can be guaranteed.

[0193] In response to receiving a first message from the network, the user device controls the positioning service in block 930 based on the first message. Based on the first message, the user device is notified of the degradation of the positioning technology. That is, the user device is notified that the positioning technology is unavailable or will not provide at least reliable positioning results because the positioning QoS requirements and / or positioning integrity requirements for the positioning technology or positioning service are not guaranteed, for example, in a specific area (e.g., a cell) and / or for a specific time (e.g., 10 minutes).

[0194] Block 930 may further include a user device deciding, based on the first message, whether or not to control the positioning service. For example, the user device may determine that it does not need to control the positioning service. In this case, the user device accepts (possible) degradation of the positioning technology, or, in some cases, stops using the positioning service associated with the positioning technology for a specific area and / or for a specific time. However, if the user device decides to control the positioning service, the user device uses the information from the first message and controls the positioning service accordingly.

[0195] Embodiments of controlling a positioning service include withholding the transmission of further positioning requests to the positioning service to the network, or reducing the number of positioning requests to the positioning service that are transmitted to the network (block 934). That is, the positioning service is controlled to withhold the transmission of positioning requests related to the positioning technology, or to reduce the number of positioning request transmissions for the positioning service (i.e., the number of positioning request transmissions related to the positioning technology), based on a first message or information derived from the first message. The positioning service can also be controlled to withhold the exchange of positioning-related messages related to the positioning technology, or to reduce the number of positioning-related message exchanges for the positioning service (i.e., the number of positioning-related message exchanges related to the positioning technology).

[0196] In another embodiment, the user device can control the positioning service to switch to an alternative positioning technology (block 936). In this case, the first message may include recommendation information relating to one or more positioning technologies. The recommendation information may indicate at least one positioning technology that is unavailable (e.g., in a particular area and / or at a particular time). Additionally or alternatively, the recommendation information may indicate at least one positioning technology that is available (e.g., in a particular area and / or at a particular time). The recommendation information may also indicate one or more alternative positioning technologies (also called second positioning technologies) that can be used by the user device's positioning service. The user device can select from one or more alternative positioning technologies. For example, the user device can select one of the alternative positioning technologies that the user device supports. That is, the first message received by the user device, by providing recommendations relating to one or more positioning technologies, indicates to the user device a positioning technology that is usable without being affected by degradation and recommends switching to one of the alternative positioning technologies to avoid the effects of degradation on positioning. If the first message includes recommendation information and / or indications of one or more alternative positioning technologies, the user device can determine whether one of the alternative positioning technologies is supported. If the user device determines that one or more alternative positioning technologies are supported, the user device can determine which of the supported alternative positioning technologies to select based on specific factors (e.g., reliability, accuracy, processing / signal requirements). In response to the selection, the user device controls the positioning service to switch to the selected alternative positioning technology (block 936).

[0197] An example of an alternative positioning technology comprises an SL-based positioning service and / or a RAT-independent positioning service.

[0198] In some embodiments, the method 900 shown in Figure 9 may further include the user device determining congestion status information related to congestion that ultimately causes degradation of positioning technology, and sending a second message containing the congestion status information to the network (block 910). That is, the user device sends a corresponding indication that positioning technology may be subject to degradation. For example, the congestion status information may indicate one or more network performance metrics related to congestion.

[0199] In block 910, the user device determines congestion status information (e.g., network traffic congestion) for at least one of the SL, UL, or DL ​​by determining that positioning QoS and / or positioning integrity is not satisfied. In some embodiments, the user device can determine positioning QoS / positioning integrity for positioning in at least one of the SL, UL, or DL ​​(e.g., for positioning techniques used by the user device's positioning service) for the number of positioning requests (i.e., a number exceeding a predetermined threshold). Reasons for non-satisfaction may relate to congestion for at least one of the SL, UL, or DL ​​avoiding the timely transmission of positioning-related signals or messages (i.e., positioning requests).

[0200] For example, congestion (of network traffic) may relate to information about congestion status with respect to one or more network performance metrics. Exemplary network performance metrics include at least one of delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, number of user devices per particular area (e.g., cell), number of radio resources occupied, measured interference on resources, and occurrence of a predefined event. Exemplary network performance metrics may also relate to positioning services or positioning technologies associated with positioning services for user devices, specifically the number of user devices requesting positioning technologies within a particular time period and / or within a particular area (e.g., cell), and / or the average latency of positioning requests within a particular time period and / or within a particular area.

[0201] As already mentioned above, a user device can determine congestion status information by applying one or more predetermined thresholds, for example, determining whether one or more network performance metrics exceed a predetermined threshold (i.e., a predetermined threshold corresponding to one of the network performance metrics). One or more thresholds can be set on the user device by the network. For example, a user device can receive a setting from the network that includes one or more thresholds, or an indication related to one or more thresholds.

[0202] In block 910, the user device sends a second message to the network in response to the decision. The second message can be sent to the gNB (e.g., via an RRC via) or to the LMF (e.g., via the LPP protocol).

[0203] In some embodiments, a user device may send a second message to the network, unsolicited or in response to receiving a corresponding request from the network, indicating that the positioning technology may be degraded (block 910). That is, the user device may receive a request from the network for information regarding congestion. In some embodiments, the request may be explicit (e.g., by including the request in a configuration received from the network) or implicit (e.g., by receiving a configuration and / or one or more thresholds).

[0204] The method 900 shown in Figure 9 achieves high QoS availability and continuity for positioning and / or enables the dynamic offloading of at least one of UL, DL, or SL traffic depending on network congestion / load conditions. Essentially, the user device is enabled to postpone future positioning requests and / or switch to a recommended positioning technique based on a first message received from the network (i.e., assistance data, warning), thereby helping the user device avoid deterioration in positioning QoS (e.g., network latency) and offload congested traffic.

[0205] In some embodiments, the method 900 shown in Figure 9 can be performed by a wireless device (e.g., a user device or UE) or an apparatus for use in a wireless device. Referring to Figure 10, in some embodiments, the wireless device 110 may include a control module 1010 for receiving a first message (e.g., assistance data) from a network, and a control module 1010 for controlling positioning services according to the first message. The wireless device 1100 may further include a configuration module 1020 for configuring the wireless device 1100 based on information received from the network (e.g., configuration), an execution module 1030 for performing positioning services, a positioning module 1040 for performing positioning measurements and calculating location, and / or a positioning QoS / integrity module 1050 for monitoring and determining positioning QoS / integrity related to positioning measurements. The configuration module 1020 can also be used to configure the positioning services used by the wireless device 110 based on information in the first message and / or configuration received from the network.

[0206] Figure 11 shows a flowchart of method 1100 for controlling a positioning service according to several embodiments. Method 1100 is performed by a network or a device for use with a network. More specifically, method 1100 can be performed by a network node or a network function (e.g., gNB, LMF). For example, a network node can be represented by any one of the network nodes, such as gNBs 120A to 120B or network node 130 of the wireless network 100 described above with reference to Figure 1, or the wireless access node 120 or network node 130 described above with reference to Figure 3.

[0207] The user device 110 is connected to and services provided by the network 100. More specifically, the user device 110 is located in an area (i.e., cell 115) serviced by a base station (e.g., gNB120A, 120B) and uses services such as positioning services related to positioning technology. Positioning technology can be supported or serviced by the network 100. For example, the network 100 may include a network node (e.g., network node 130) or network function that provides a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF is a network entity within the 5G core network (5GC) that supports functions such as determining the location of the UE, downlink location measurements or location estimates from the UE, uplink location measurements from the NG RAN, and non-UE related assistance data from the NG RAN.

[0208] For example, positioning technology can include RAT-dependent positioning services (e.g., DL TDoA, AoD, UL TDoA, Multi RTT, SL TDoA, SL RTT, etc.).

[0209] In block 1120, the network determines the degradation of the positioning technology (also called the first positioning technology). Degradation of the positioning technology can be caused, for example, by network congestion due to a (very large) number of requests related to the positioning technology. Other reasons that can cause degradation include network jamming, attacks, etc. Congestion can be present in one or more of the SL, UL, and DL.

[0210] In some embodiments, the network may observe the positioning technology (block 1110) and, based on the results of the observation, determine that the positioning technology may be degraded (block 1120). The network may, for example, observe that positioning QoS is not met for the volume and / or rate of positioning requests in a particular area (e.g., a cell), observe that one or more positioning integrity KPIs are not met, and observe that the number of rejected messages and / or error messages related to the positioning technology exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0211] In some embodiments, the decision in block 1120 may be based on an indication received from the user device along with a second message (block 1110) that the positioning technology may be subject to degradation.

[0212] The second message can first be sent by a user device, for example via RRC, to a base station (i.e., gNB) providing services to the cell, and then from the base station, for example via NRPPa, to the LMF. Alternatively, the second message can also be sent directly from the user device to the LMF, for example via LPP. In some embodiments, the user device can send the indication without request. In other embodiments, the network (i.e., the LMF and / or gNB) may request the user device to indicate that the positioning technology may be degraded. Thus, the second message is sent by the user device in response to receiving a request from the network. The request can be explicit (e.g., by including the request in a configuration received from the network) or implicit (e.g., by receiving a configuration and / or one or more thresholds). In some embodiments, the network may select one or more user devices (e.g., in a particular area) from among several user devices to provide an indication that the positioning technology may be degraded, and notify the selected user devices to provide the indication. That is, the selected user devices may be requested to provide the second message. The network's selection of one or more user devices may be based on specific (predetermined) factors, including the minimum overhead caused by providing indications, the minimum SL resource overhead, and the current location of the user devices.

[0213] As already mentioned with reference to Figure 9, a user device can determine congestion that ultimately causes degradation of the positioning technology and can then send a second message to the network indicating that the positioning technology may be degraded. That is, the second message may indicate that network traffic congestion may cause degradation of the positioning technology. For example, the second message and / or network traffic congestion may include information about the congestion status with respect to one or more network performance metrics. Exemplary network performance metrics include at least one of delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, number of user devices per particular area (e.g., cell), number of occupied radio resources, measurement interference on resources, and occurrence of predefined events. Exemplary network performance metrics may also be associated with one or more positioning technologies and / or one or more positioning services, including positioning services used by user devices, specifically the number of user devices requesting the positioning technology within a given time and / or within a given area (e.g., cell), and / or the average latency of positioning requests to the positioning technology within a given time and / or within a given area.

[0214] As already explained with reference to Figure 9, a user device can determine congestion based on one or more predetermined thresholds. In this case, the second message may indicate that one or more exemplary network performance metrics are below / above the predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the network can set one or more thresholds by sending a configuration to the user device that includes one or more thresholds.

[0215] In response to the decision that the positioning service has deteriorated (block 1120), in block 1130, the network device sends a first message (e.g., assistance data) to the user device relating to the deterioration of the positioning technology. The first message instructs the user device to control the positioning service based on the first message, as described above with reference to Figure 9. Embodiments of control include the user device withholding the transmission of positioning requests to the positioning technology, reducing the number of positioning requests to the positioning technology, or switching to an alternative positioning technology.

[0216] The first message can be transmitted over the network by broadcast, multicast, or dedicated unicast signaling. According to some embodiments, the first message can be transmitted by the LMF directly to the user device via LPP, or it can be first transmitted to a base station (e.g., gNB) via NRPPa and then transmitted to the user device via RRC.

[0217] In some embodiments, the first message includes at least one of the following: an indication that one or more positioning QoS requirements for a positioning technology are not guaranteed; an indication that limited QoS can be guaranteed (e.g., a warning); and / or an indication that one or more positioning integrity requirements relating to the positioning technology are not guaranteed. An embodiment of a positioning QoS requirement includes at least one of latency, time to alert (TTA), or accuracy. An embodiment of a positioning integrity requirement includes one or more KPIs. The indication may also further indicate that the positioning QoS requirement / positioning integrity requirement is not guaranteed for a specified area and / or a specified time. The specified area may relate to one or more cells (e.g., a cell providing services to a user device and / or adjacent cells), one or more transmit / receive points (TRPs), one or more roadside units (RSUs), and / or out-of-service zones (e.g., adjacent cells). In some embodiments, the specified area may be represented by one or more identifiers of cells, TRPs, and / or RSUs and may be defined as a list. In some embodiments, an indication (i.e., a warning) showing that limited QoS can be guaranteed may also indicate that a certain level of precision or latency within a certain range or above / below a threshold can be guaranteed.

[0218] In some embodiments, the first message may include recommendation information indicating at least one unavailable positioning technology and / or at least one available positioning technology (e.g., in a specific area and / or at a specific time) to instruct the user device to switch to an alternative positioning technology. Additionally, or alternatively, the first message may indicate alternative positioning technologies (also called second positioning technologies) that the user device can switch to. That is, the first message provides recommendations for one or more alternative positioning technologies and indicates to the user device that by switching to one of these alternative positioning technologies, it can avoid positioning-related effects due to degradation of the positioning technology. The recommendations / indications for one or more alternative positioning technologies also indicate to the user device that it should determine whether one of the one or more alternative positioning technologies is supported, select one of the supported alternative positioning technologies, and control the user device's positioning service to switch to the selected alternative positioning technology.

[0219] An example of an alternative positioning technology comprises an SL-based positioning service and / or a RAT-independent positioning service.

[0220] The method 1100 shown in Figure 11 achieves high QoS availability and continuity for positioning and / or enables the dynamic offloading of at least one of UL, DL, or SL traffic depending on the congestion / load conditions in the network. Essentially, the network allows user devices to postpone future positioning requests and / or switch to a recommended positioning technique based on a first message (e.g., assistance data, warning, etc.), thereby helping user devices avoid deterioration in positioning QoS (e.g., network latency) and offload congested traffic.

[0221] Referring to Figure 12, in some embodiments, the radio access node 120 or network node 130 may include a transceiver module 1210 for transmitting a first message (e.g., assistance data) relating to the degradation of positioning technology associated with positioning services, and a positioning QoS / integrity module 1220 for determining the degradation of positioning technology. The transceiver module 1210 can further transmit and receive positioning-related messages such as capability requests / responses, positioning information, and reports. The positioning QoS / integrity module 1220 can further determine integrity-related parameters relating to a user device and determine integrity relating to the estimated location of a user device.

[0222] Now, moving from Figure 13 to Figure 16, methods for controlling positioning services according to several embodiments will be described with reference to exemplary message sequence diagrams.

[0223] An exemplary message sequence diagram illustrates messages exchanged between user devices / network nodes in a network and the actions performed by the user devices / network nodes. For example, a network (e.g., a 5G network or later) may comprise an exemplary wireless network as shown in Figure 1. The network may also comprise one or more network nodes (e.g., one or more exemplary network nodes as illustrated in Figure 3, or equipment for use in such exemplary network nodes) and one or more wireless devices (e.g., one or more user devices such as UEs as illustrated in Figure 2, or equipment for use in such user devices).

[0224] More specifically, in the exemplary message sequence diagram, the network comprises a core network entity (e.g., LMF) that provides one or more positioning technologies or positioning services related to positioning technologies, is connected to one or more base stations (e.g., gNB1, gNB2), and provides services to at least one cell. Furthermore, one or more user devices (e.g., UE1, UE2) are located within at least one cell and can be provided by one or more base stations (e.g., gNB1, gNB2).

[0225] Figure 13 is an exemplary message sequence diagram of a method for controlling a positioning service according to several embodiments of the present disclosure. More specifically, the exemplary message sequence diagram in Figure 13 relates to (active / passive) alerts by the LMF in connection with indications of SL conditions related to network congestion and / or positioning QoS coming from a UE using the LPP protocol.

[0226] As shown in Figure 13, UE1 determines network traffic congestion that causes degradation of positioning technology (i.e., positioning technology provided by LMF and used by UE1) (steps 1310 and 1320). For example, UE1 can perform SL positioning and SL measurement (e.g., SL CBR) by using positioning services via SL and sending and receiving positioning requests / responses (step 1310). Based on this, UE1 can determine, for example, based on indications received from the network or other UEs, that SL positioning QoS is not met (e.g., SL positioning QoS does not meet a predetermined threshold) and that SL congestion exists (step 1320).

[0227] In response to determining network traffic congestion, UE1 notifies the network about the network traffic congestion (step 1330). For example, UE1 notifies the LMF that the positioning QoS for the number of SL positioning requests (i.e., the number below / above a predetermined threshold) is not met while UE1 is being serviced by gNB1. Here, UE1 can notify the LMF by sending a second message via LPP.

[0228] Based on indications or information regarding network traffic congestion, the network (i.e., LMF) determines a first message (e.g., assistance data) to be provided to base stations and / or user devices (step 1340). The first message may indicate a degradation in positioning technology and may recommend (or indicate) one or more alternative positioning technologies that are not degraded and can be used in place of the degraded positioning technology.

[0229] The first message is sent directly to UE1 (e.g., via LPP) to notify UE1 that positioning QoS cannot be guaranteed and to recommend an alternative positioning technique (step 1350). The first message is also sent to other user devices (e.g., UE2) via LPP (step 1360).

[0230] Figure 14 is another exemplary message sequence diagram of a method for controlling a positioning service according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. More specifically, the exemplary message sequence diagram of Figure 14 relates to (active / passive) alerts by the LMF in connection with indications of SL conditions related to network congestion and / or positioning QoS coming from the UE using the NRPPa and RRC protocols.

[0231] As already explained with reference to Figure 13, UE1 determines network traffic congestion that causes degradation of positioning technology (steps 1410 and 1420). However, contrary to directly notifying the LMF, UE1 notifies the (serving) base station gNB1 about network traffic congestion (step 1430). For example, UE1 notifies gNB1 that positioning QoS is not being met for the number of SL positioning requests (i.e., the number below / above a predetermined threshold) in the area served by gNB1. Here, UE1 can notify gNB1 by sending a second message via RRC. Alternatively, UE1 may report the SL CBR to gNB1.

[0232] In response to receiving information from UE1, gNB1 may transmit or forward the corresponding information to LMF (step 1440). For example, gNB1 may notify LMF that the positioning QoS for the number of SL positioning requests (i.e., below / above a predetermined threshold) in the area served by gNB1 is not met. This information is transmitted via NRPPa.

[0233] As already explained with reference to Figure 13, the network (i.e., LMF) determines a first message (e.g., assistance data) to be provided to the base station and / or user device (step 1450). The first message may indicate a degradation in positioning technology and may also recommend / indicate an alternative positioning technology that is not degraded and can be used in place of the degraded positioning technology.

[0234] The first message is sent to gNB1 (e.g., via NRPPa) to notify that positioning QoS is not guaranteed and to recommend an alternative positioning technique (step 1460). The first message is then sent (e.g., broadcast) to UE1 (e.g., via RRC) (step 1470). The first message may also be sent to other base stations (e.g., gNB2) via NRPPa (step 1480) and broadcast to other user devices (e.g., UE2) via RRC (step 1490).

[0235] Figure 15 is a further exemplary message sequence diagram of a method for controlling a positioning service according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. More specifically, the exemplary message sequence diagram in Figure 15 relates to (active / passive) alerts by the LMF in connection with UL / DL network congestion and / or positioning QoS indications coming from the gNB, which the UE is notified of using the LPP protocol.

[0236] As shown in Figure 15, the base station (e.g., gNB1) determines network traffic congestion that causes degradation of positioning technology (i.e., positioning technology provided by the LMF and used by UE1) (steps 1510 and 1520). For example, gNB1 may perform positioning on the UL and / or DL ​​and perform measurements on the UL and / or DL ​​(e.g., DL latency) based on positioning requests / responses handled by gNB1 (step 1510). Based on this, gNB1 may determine that the positioning QoS on the UL and / or DL ​​is not met (e.g., the positioning QoS on the UL and / or DL ​​does not meet a predetermined threshold) and that congestion exists on the UL and / or DL, for example, based on indications received from the network or other UEs (step 1520).

[0237] In response to determining network traffic congestion, gNB1 notifies the network about the network traffic congestion (step 1530). For example, gNB1 notifies the LMF about UL and / or DL ​​congestion (e.g., DL latency exceeds a predetermined threshold). Here, gNB1 may notify the LMF via NRPPa.

[0238] As already explained with reference to Figure 13, the network (i.e., LMF) determines a first message (e.g., assistance data) to be provided to the base station and / or user device (step 1540). The first message may indicate a degradation in positioning technology, and may also recommend / indicate an alternative positioning technology that is not degraded and can be used in place of the degraded positioning technology.

[0239] The first message is sent directly to UE1 (e.g., via LPP) to notify UE1 that positioning QoS cannot be guaranteed and to recommend an alternative positioning technique (step 1550). The first message is also sent to other user devices (e.g., UE2) via LPP (step 1560).

[0240] Figure 16 is another exemplary message sequence diagram of a method for controlling a positioning service according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. More specifically, the exemplary message sequence diagram of Figure 16 relates to (active / passive) alerts by the LMF associated with network congestion (e.g., on UL and / or DL) and / or positioning QoS indications coming from the gNB, where the UE is notified using NRPPa and RRC protocols.

[0241] As already explained with reference to Figure 15, the base station (e.g., gNB1) determines network traffic congestion that causes degradation of positioning technology (steps 1610 and 1620). For example, gNB1 performs positioning for the UL and / or DL ​​and measures for the UL and / or DL ​​(e.g., DL latency) based on positioning requests / responses processed by gNB1 (step 1610) and determines, based on indications received from the network or other UEs, that the positioning QoS at the UL and / or DL ​​is not met (e.g., the positioning QoS does not meet a predetermined threshold) and that congestion at the UL and / or DL ​​exists (step 1620). In response to determining network traffic congestion, gNB1 notifies the network about the network traffic congestion (step 1630). For example, gNB1 notifies the LMF via NRPPa about congestion at the UL and / or DL ​​(e.g., DL latency exceeds a predetermined threshold).

[0242] As already explained with reference to Figure 13, the network (i.e., LMF) determines a first message (e.g., assistance data) to be provided to the base station and / or user device (step 1640). The first message may indicate a degradation in positioning technology and may also recommend / indicate an alternative positioning technology that is not degraded and can be used in place of the degraded positioning technology.

[0243] The first message is sent to gNB1 (e.g., via NRPPa) to notify gNB1 that positioning QoS cannot be guaranteed for DL-TDoA (e.g.) using gNB1 and to recommend an alternative positioning technique (step 1650). The first message is then sent (e.g., broadcast) to UE1 (e.g., via RRC) (step 1660). The first message can also be sent to another base station (e.g., gNB2) via NRPPa (step 1670) and then broadcast to other user devices (e.g., UE2) via RRC (step 1680).

[0244] Finally, moving to Figure 17, several network nodes in the wireless communication network 100 (e.g., UE 110, wireless access node 120, core network node 130, etc.) can be partially or entirely virtualized. As virtualized entities, some or all of the functions of a given network node are implemented as one or more virtual network functions (VNFs) that run on virtual machines (VMs) typically hosted on a general-purpose processing node 1700 (or server).

[0245] The processing node 1700 generally includes hardware infrastructure 1702 that supports the virtualization environment 1704.

[0246] The hardware infrastructure 1702 generally includes a processing circuit 1706, a memory 1708, and a communication interface 1710.

[0247] The processing circuit 1706 typically provides overall control over the hardware infrastructure 1702 of the virtualization processing node 1700. Therefore, the processing circuit 1706 generally handles various functions of the hardware infrastructure 1702, either directly or indirectly through one or more other components of the processing node 1700 (e.g., sending or receiving messages via the communication interface 1710). The processing circuit 1706 is also responsible for enabling, supporting, and managing the virtualization environment 1704 on which various VNFs are run. The processing circuit 1706 may include any appropriate combination of hardware to enable the hardware infrastructure 1702 of the virtualization processing node 1700 to perform its functions.

[0248] In some embodiments, the processing circuit 1706 may comprise at least one processor 1712 and at least one memory 1714. Embodiments of the processor 1712 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphical processing unit (GPU), and other forms of processing units. Embodiments of the memory 1714 include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). If the processing circuit 1706 comprises memory 1714, memory 1714 is generally configured to store instructions or code executable by the processor 1712, and optionally operational data. The processor 1712 is then configured to execute the stored instructions and, optionally, create, transform, or otherwise manipulate the data to enable the hardware infrastructure 1702 of the virtualization processing node 1700 to perform its functions.

[0249] In addition, or alternatively, in some embodiments, the processing circuit 1706 may comprise, or further comprise, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more complex-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other forms of application-specific and / or programmable circuits. If the processing circuit 1706 comprises application-specific and / or programmable circuits (e.g., ASICs, FPGAs), the hardware infrastructure 1702 of the virtualization processing node 1700 may perform its functions without requiring instructions or code, since the necessary instructions may already be hardwired or preprogrammed to the processing circuit 1706. As understood, the processing circuit 1706 may comprise a combination of a processor 1712, memory 1714, and other application-specific and / or programmable circuits.

[0250] The communication interface 1710 enables the virtualization processing node 1700 to send messages to and receive messages from other network nodes (e.g., wireless network nodes, other core network nodes, servers, etc.). In this sense, the communication interface 1710 generally includes the hardware and software necessary to process messages received from the processing circuit 1706 to be sent by the virtualization processing node 1700 into a format appropriate for the underlying transport network, and conversely, to process messages received from other network nodes into a format appropriate for the processing circuit 1706 via the underlying transport network. Therefore, the communication interface 1710 may include appropriate hardware such as a transport network interface 1716 (port, modem, network interface card, etc.) and software including protocol conversion and data processing functions for communicating with other network nodes.

[0251] The virtualization environment 1704 is enabled by instructions or code stored in memory 1708 and / or memory 1714. The virtualization environment 1704 generally comprises a virtualization layer 1718 (also called a hypervisor), at least one virtual machine 1720, and at least one VNF 1722. The functions of the processing node 1700 can be implemented by one or more VNF 1722.

[0252] It should be understood that the device may include, or be coupled with, other units or modules, such as a radio unit or radio head used in or for transmitting and / or receiving. Although the device has been described as a single entity, different modules and memories may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.

[0253] While embodiments have been described in relation to LTE and 5G NR, it should be noted that similar principles can be applied to other network and communication systems where it is required to enforce the re-establishment of high-speed connections. Accordingly, although specific embodiments have been described above as examples in relation to specific exemplary architectures for wireless networks, technologies and standards, embodiments may be applied to any other preferred form of communication system other than those illustrated and described herein.

[0254] Furthermore, while the above describes exemplary embodiments, it should be noted that there are several variations and modifications that can be made to the disclosed solutions without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0255] In general, various exemplary embodiments can be implemented in hardware or special-purpose circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware, and others can be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. Various aspects of this disclosure can be illustrated and described using block diagrams, flowcharts, or any other pictorial representation, but it will be understood that these blocks, devices, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented, in non-limiting examples, in hardware, software, firmware, special-purpose circuits or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers, or other computing devices, or any combination thereof.

[0256] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented by computer software, by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware, which are executable by a data processor of a mobile device, such as in a processor entity. Computer software or programs, also called program products, which include software routines, applets, and / or macros, may be stored on any device-readable data storage medium and comprise program instructions for performing a particular task. A computer program product may comprise one or more computer-executable components configured to execute embodiments when the program is executed. One or more computer-executable components may be at least one piece of software code or a portion thereof.

[0257] Furthermore, it should be noted that any block in the logic flow shown in the diagram can represent a program step, or an interconnected logic circuit, block, and function, or a combination of a program step and a logic circuit, block, and function. Software can be stored on memory chips or memory blocks implemented within a processor, magnetic media such as hard disks or floppy disks, and physical media such as DVDs and their data variants, such as CDs. Physical media are non-temporary media.

[0258] The memory may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. The data processor may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may include, in non-limiting examples, one or more of the following: general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), FPGAs, gate-level circuits, and processors based on multi-core processor architectures.

[0259] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in various components, such as integrated circuit modules. Designing integrated circuits is largely a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools are available to translate logic-level designs into semiconductor circuit designs ready for etching onto semiconductor substrates.

[0260] The above description, by non-limiting examples, provides a complete and useful description of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. However, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the art in consideration of the above description. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings of this disclosure remain within the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims. In fact, further embodiments exist comprising one or more embodiments in combination with any of the other embodiments described above. [Explanation of symbols]

[0261] 510 Network 520 User Devices 530 Congestion Area 540 First Message

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) device, At least one processor, At least one memory containing computer program code, Equipped with, When the computer program code is executed using the at least one processor, the device will have at least the following Receiving a first message related to the deterioration of a first positioning technology related to a positioning service, Controlling the positioning service based on the first message, A device that performs an action.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first message comprises at least one of the following: an indication that the quality of positioning service (QoS) requirements for the first positioning technology are not guaranteed, or an indication that the positioning integrity requirements for the positioning service are not guaranteed.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the indication indicates that the positioning QoS requirement is not guaranteed for at least one of a specified area or a specified time.

4. To control the positioning service, the computer program code, when executed using the at least one processor, provides at least the following to the device: The transmission of a positioning request related to the first positioning technology described above will be withheld, or To reduce the number of positioning requests sent for the aforementioned positioning service, The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which causes the following to be performed.

5. To control the positioning service, the computer program code, when executed using the at least one processor, provides at least the following to the device: To suspend the exchange of positioning-related messages related to the first positioning technology, or To reduce the number of positioning-related messages exchanged for the aforementioned positioning service, The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which causes the following to be performed.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first message includes recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is not available.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first message includes recommendation information indicating at least one available positioning technique.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first message indicates a second positioning technique.

9. The computer program code, when executed using the at least one processor, further provides to the device at least: Send a second message containing congestion status information related to one or more network performance metrics associated with congestion. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which causes the following to be performed.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the one or more network performance metrics include at least one of delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, number of user devices per cell, number of occupied radio resources, measured interference on resources, or occurrence of a predefined event.

11. One or more network performance metrics related to the positioning service are: The number of user devices requesting the positioning service within the time period and / or area, and The average latency of requests for the positioning service in the aforementioned time period and / or area, The apparatus according to claim 9, comprising at least one of the following.

12. A method for controlling positioning services, The user device receives a first message relating to the degradation of the first positioning technology related to the positioning service, The user device controls the positioning service based on the first message, Methods that include...

13. A device within a network, At least one processor, At least one memory containing computer program code, Equipped with, When the computer program code is executed using the at least one processor, the device will have at least the following To determine the deterioration of the first positioning technology, Sending a first message related to the degradation to a user device, wherein the first message triggers the user device to control a positioning service related to the first positioning technology based on the first message. A device that performs an action.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the first message includes at least one of the following: an indication that the quality of positioning service (QoS) requirements for the first positioning technology are not guaranteed, or an indication that the positioning integrity requirements for the positioning service are not guaranteed.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the indication indicates that the positioning QoS requirement is not guaranteed for at least one of a specified area or a specified time.

16. The apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the first message includes recommendation information indicating at least one positioning technique that is not available.

17. The apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the first message includes recommendation information indicating at least one available positioning technique.

18. The apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the first message indicates a second positioning technique.

19. The computer program code, when executed using the at least one processor, further provides to the device at least: Receiving a second message containing congestion status information related to one or more network performance metrics associated with congestion, The apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 18, which causes the following to be performed.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the one or more network performance metrics include at least one of delay, throughput, latency, packet loss rate, number of user devices per cell, number of occupied radio resources, measured interference on resources, or occurrence of a predefined event.

21. One or more network performance metrics related to the positioning service are: The number of user devices requesting the positioning service within the time period and / or area, and The average latency of the positioning service requests within the aforementioned time period and / or area, The apparatus according to claim 19, comprising at least one of the following.

22. A method for controlling positioning services, To determine the deterioration of the first positioning technology, Sending a first message related to the degradation to a user device, wherein the first message triggers the user device to control a positioning service related to the first positioning technology based on the first message, Methods that include...

23. A computer program product comprising program instructions stored on a computer-readable medium to perform the methods described in claims 12 and 22 when executed on a computer.

24. A non-temporary computer-readable medium comprising the computer program product described in claim 23.

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