Oral composition containing L-theanine

Abstract

This disclosure relates to an oral product, a process for manufacturing the oral product, and the use of the oral product. The oral product comprises L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, the genus Echinacea, and optionally vitamin D or selenium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001]

[0001] This disclosure relates to oral products, processes for manufacturing oral products, and uses of oral products.

Background Art

[0002]

[0002] This disclosure relates to products and compositions intended for use in humans. The products are configured for oral use and deliver substances such as flavors and / or active ingredients during use.

[0003]

[0003] Products that are easy to administer orally and can achieve beneficial effects on a particular mood state of humans or animals have become popular in recent years. For example, confectionery-type products (e.g., gummies or troches) containing vitamins or other mood-enhancing active substances achieve a convenient and comfortable dosage form for such active ingredients. Other convenient dosage forms include foods and beverages, such as nutritional drinks. Such products may contain active ingredients that are delivered to the user to cause a biological response in the user and may enhance the user's physical or mental performance.

[0004]

[0004] Beverages containing theanine and caffeine are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,780,086 and U.S. Patent No. 6,268,009. More recently, European Patent No. 1819241 describes beverages containing theanine and caffeine in a ratio of 5:1 to 1:1.5. Other beverages, such as chamomile tea and other herbal teas, are consumed by some users to aid in sleep and relaxation. A method of treating extreme physical or mental stress using L-theanine is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20050090512.

[0005]

[0005] It is desirable to provide an oral product configured for oral use that can deliver an active ingredient to a consumer in a highly palatable and effective form, such as in the form of a liquid shot.

Summary of the Invention

[0006]

[0006] The disclosure generally provides products configured for oral use, comprising a combination of active ingredients. Oral products are in a form suitable for oral use, and specifically, oral products are in liquid form (for example, as a beverage such as a shot).

[0007]

[0007] According to some embodiments described herein, a liquid oral product comprising a combination of active ingredients is provided, the combination comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) the genus Echinacea, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium.

[0008]

[0008] According to some embodiments described herein, a process is provided for preparing a liquid oral product as defined herein, the process comprising: (a) combining active ingredients, the active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium; (b) contacting the active ingredients with water; and (c) mixing the active ingredients with water to prepare a liquid oral product.

[0009]

[0009] According to some embodiments described herein, the use of a combination of active ingredients is provided to achieve an improvement in the physical health of a human or animal, the combination of active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium. Preferably, the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product as defined herein.

[0010]

[0010] Physical well-being is the ability of a person or animal to maintain a healthy quality of life that allows them to make the most of their daily activities without excessive fatigue or physical stress. According to some embodiments described herein, the use of a combination of active ingredients to enhance or support the immune response of a person or animal is provided, the combination of active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium. Preferably, the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product as defined herein. According to some embodiments described herein, the use of a combination of active ingredients to support the resilience of a person or animal to infection is provided, the combination of active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium. Preferably, the combination of active ingredients is present in the liquid oral product as defined herein.

[0011]

[0011] Also provided is the use of a combination of active ingredients to reduce drowsiness in humans or animals, the combination of active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium, preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product as defined herein.

[0012]

[0012] In addition to physical health, the ability of a person or animal to manage their mental health is important for a healthy quality of life. Such management is supported by the oral products of the present invention, resulting from an observed improvement in alertness and a sense of control. For this reason, in some embodiments, the use of a combination of active ingredients is provided to improve alertness in a person or animal, the combination of active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium, preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product as defined herein. In some embodiments, the use of a combination of active ingredients is provided to enhance the sense of control in humans or animals, the combination of active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium, preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product as defined herein.

[0013]

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, each of the liquid oral products of the preceding embodiment may be provided as a liquid product such as a liquid shot (i.e., a liquid with a maximum volume of about 100 mL).

[0014]

[0014] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the Disclosure will become apparent by reading the following detailed description. The Invention includes any combination of two, three, four, or more of the above-described embodiments, and any combination of two, three, four, or more features or elements shown herein, regardless of whether such features or elements are expressly combined in the description of the specific embodiments herein. The Disclosure is intended to be read in whole so that in any of its various aspects and embodiments, any separable feature or element of the disclosed Invention should be considered to be intended to be combinable unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0015]

[0015] Next, for ease of reference, these and further aspects of the present invention are discussed under appropriate section headings. However, the teachings under each section are not necessarily limited to each specific section.

[0016]

[0016] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described as merely examples with reference to the attached drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a graph showing the temporal arousal levels, as assessed by the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS), compared to the placebo described in Example 8. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences at each time point. Statistically significant differences compared to the placebo were observed throughout the entire session. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a graph showing the perception of "being able to control the task" over time, as assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), compared to the placebo group described in Example 8. A statistically significant difference compared to the placebo group was observed throughout the session. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a bar graph showing arousal levels, as assessed by the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS), compared to the placebo described in Example 8. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to placebo observed throughout the session. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a bar graph showing the sense of "being under control," as assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), compared to the placebo described in Example 8. An asterisk indicates a statistically significant difference compared to the placebo, observed throughout the session. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a bar graph showing drowsiness as assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) compared to the placebo described in Example 8. An asterisk indicates a statistically significant difference compared to the placebo, observed throughout the session. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0018]

[0022] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations, process steps, and materials disclosed herein, and that the configurations, process steps, and materials may vary slightly. It should also be understood that the scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims and their equivalents, and that the technical terms used herein are used solely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit them.

[0019]

[0023] In this specification and in the claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" refer to multiple subjects unless otherwise specified. References to "dry weight %" or "based on dry weight" refer to the weight based on dry components (i.e., all components except water). References to "wet weight" refer to the weight of the product or composition including water. Unless otherwise specified, references to "weight %" (or "weight %") of a product or composition reflect the total wet weight (i.e., including water) of the product or composition.

[0020]

[0024] In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the term “about” modifying the amount of an ingredient in the oral product of the present invention or used in the method of the present invention refers to the possible variation in numerical amounts that may occur, for example, through typical measurement and liquid handling procedures used in the real world to produce concentrates or solutions for use, through careless errors in these procedures, or through differences in the production, source, or purity of the ingredients used to produce the oral product or to perform the method. The term “about” also includes different amounts resulting from different equilibrium conditions for a product or composition arising from a particular initial mixture. Whether modified by the term “about,” the claims include equivalents of such amounts.

[0021]

[0025] Oral products As described herein, there is provided an oral product comprising a combination of active ingredients, the combination comprising: (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) the Echinacea genus, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium. The oral product is configured for oral use and thus for insertion into the mouth (i.e., oral cavity) of the user. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term "oral" in relation to the product refers, in normal usage, to a liquid product suitable for oral ingestion by the user. For example, the product can be in the form of a beverage having a volume of 250 mL or more, or a liquid shot having a volume of about 1 mL to about 200 mL, preferably about 20 mL to about 100 mL.

[0022]

[0026] Those skilled in the art will understand that the ranges provided herein can provide preferred embodiments of the present invention, either alone or in combination with one or more other component ranges.

[0023]

[0027] Combination of active ingredients The products disclosed herein contain active ingredients. The active ingredients may be naturally occurring or synthetically obtained. The combination of active ingredients includes suitable active ingredients that cause a biological response in humans or animals. In particular, the combination of active ingredients includes at least L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, and the Echinacea genus. Each active ingredient may be present in an amount suitable to achieve the desired biological response in human or animal.

[0024]

[0028] The inventors have found that certain combinations of active ingredients contained in liquid oral products can achieve improved efficacy in the physical health of consumers compared to previously known products and compared to consumers who have not taken any other products intended for physical health. The inventors have also found that certain combinations of active ingredients of the present invention can enhance the immune response and support the immunity of consumers. Immunity, or the immune response, is the body's ability to defend itself from organisms that cause disease. For example, combinations of active ingredients can strengthen the immune system of consumers to make them more resistant to infection. The inventors have also found that the combinations of active ingredients described herein can provide safe products with desirable pharmacokinetics (Tmax, Cmax, half-life), bioavailability, and metabolism.

[0025]

[0029] The oral product of the present invention has been found to be effective for short-term, medium-term, or long-term use. Such use may include daily use of the oral product. For example, a single dosage form of the oral product may be taken by the user once a day, and the oral product may be used for at least 7 days, at least 14 days, at least 21 days, or at least 28 days.

[0026]

[0030] L-theanine is L-γ-glutamylethylamide and N 5 L-theanine is an amino acid analog also known as ethyl-L-glutamine. It is a water-soluble amino acid isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) that possesses anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant properties, and hepatoprotective effects. Inclusion of L-theanine may enhance the effects of oral products on the immune system. For example, L-theanine may help regulate immune responses, prevent disease, and reduce oxidative stress. Studies have shown that L-theanine can enhance innate immune function by regulating the secretion of immune cytokines.

[0027]

[0031] L-theanine may be present in any appropriate amount in the liquid oral product, such as at least about 0.01% by weight, at least about 0.05% by weight, or at least about 0.1% by weight. In some embodiments, L-theanine may be present in an amount of about 15% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less, or about 8% by weight or less in the oral product.

[0028]

[0032] In some embodiments, L-theanine may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of the oral product, for example, in an amount of about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the oral product. In preferred embodiments, L-theanine is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of the oral product.

[0029]

[0033] Ginseng is the root of the plant Panax genus and is characterized by the presence of unique steroid saponin phytochemicals (ginsenosides) and gintonin. The presumed main active ingredients of ginseng include more than 100 specific triterpene saponins or "ginsenosides." In addition, ginseng and ginseng extracts contain a wide range of other potentially bioactive components, including alkaloids, phytosterols, sesquiterpenes, and polyphenols. Ginseng has been found to be used in energy drinks and herbal teas, and as a supplement in traditional medicine. In this invention, ginseng can be combined with other active substances such as L-theanine to modulate the immune function of consumers.

[0030]

[0034] Ginseng may include any suitable form of ginseng, such as Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng), Panax notoginseng, and Panax quinquefolius. Ginseng may also include Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), commonly known as Indian ginseng. Ginseng may exist in the form of ginseng extract, coarsely chopped ginseng, finely chopped ginseng, or powdered ginseng. Preferably, ginseng is included in the form of ginseng extract or powdered ginseng extract. Ginseng may be white ginseng, fresh ginseng, or red ginseng. In some embodiments, ginseng is red ginseng, such as red ginseng extract or powdered red ginseng extract. The inclusion of ginseng has been found to be beneficial in improving the cognitive effects of the composition and increasing the immune response or immune enhancement in the user. Ginseng, for example, is known as an immunomodulator and has been used to maintain immune homeostasis and enhance resistance to disease or microbial attack through its effects on the immune system. Ginseng also possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

[0031]

[0035] Ginseng may be present in any appropriate amount in the liquid oral product, such as at least about 0.01% by weight, at least about 0.05% by weight, or at least about 0.1% by weight. In some embodiments, ginseng may be present in an amount of about 5% by weight or less, about 2% by weight or less, or about 1% by weight or less in the oral product.

[0036] In some embodiments, ginseng is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of the oral product. In preferred embodiments, ginseng is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the oral product.

[0037] The combination of active ingredients also includes vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It is also used by the body to produce collagen, a protein that can aid in wound healing. Furthermore, vitamin C improves the absorption of iron from plant-based foods, helping the immune system function properly to protect the body from disease. The inclusion of vitamin C may reduce fatigue and tiredness.

[0032]

[0038] Vitamin C may be present in any appropriate amount in the liquid oral product, such as at least about 0.01% by weight, at least about 0.05% by weight, or at least about 0.1% by weight. In some embodiments, vitamin C may be present in an amount of about 10% by weight or less, about 8% by weight or less, or about 5% by weight or less in the oral product.

[0033]

[0039] In some embodiments, vitamin C may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 0.05% to about 8% by weight, preferably about 0.1% to about 5% by weight.

[0034]

[0040] The combination of active ingredients further includes the genus Echinacea. The genus Echinacea includes Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, or Echinacea pallida, and the upper parts of the plant (e.g., flowers, fruits, leaves) and / or roots can be utilized. Plants of the genus Echinacea contain various active compounds, including caffeic acid, alcamids, phenolic acids, rosmarinic acid, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, and chicoric acid. Studies have shown that the genus Echinacea and its compounds are associated with numerous health benefits, including reduced inflammation, improved immunity, and lower blood sugar levels. The genus Echinacea may be present in the form of an extract, or in a coarse, finely chopped, or powdered form. Preferably, the genus Echinacea is included in the form of an extract.

[0035]

[0041] The genus Echinacea may be present in any appropriate amount in the liquid oral product, such as at least about 0.001% by weight, at least about 0.01% by weight, or at least about 0.05% by weight. In some embodiments, the genus Echinacea may be present in amounts of about 20% by weight or less, about 15% by weight or less, or about 10% by weight or less in the oral product.

[0036]

[0042] In some embodiments, the genus Echinacea is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of the oral product, for example, in an amount of about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of the oral product. In preferred embodiments, the genus Echinacea is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the oral product.

[0037]

[0043] Vitamin D is a group of lipid-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing the intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and D2 (ergocalciferol). Therefore, as used herein, vitamin D refers to D2, D3, or both. The structural differences between vitamin D2 and D3 lie in the double bond-containing side chain between carbon 22 and carbon 23, and the methyl group on carbon 24 in vitamin D2. Similar to the absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates, vitamin D affects the immune system, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in several leukocytes, including monocytes and activated T cells and B cells. Generally, vitamin D functions to activate the innate immune system and attenuate the adaptive immune system through its antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects.

[0038]

[0044] When present in a liquid oral product, vitamin D may be used in any appropriate amount, such as at least about 0.0000001% by weight, at least about 0.0000025% by weight, or at least about 0.00001% by weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, vitamin D may be present in amounts of about 0.1% by weight or less, about 0.01% by weight or less, about 0.005% by weight or less, or about 0.001% by weight or less of the oral product.

[0039]

[0045] In some embodiments, vitamin D is present in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 0.1% by weight of the oral product, for example, in an amount of about 0.0000025% to about 0.005% by weight of the oral product. In preferred embodiments, vitamin D is present in an amount of about 0.00001% to about 0.001% by weight of the oral product.

[0040]

[0046] Selenium is a nutritionally essential trace element for humans as a component of several selenium-containing proteins that play important roles in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and protection from oxidative damage and infection. When present in a liquid oral product, selenium may be used in any appropriate amount, such as at least 0.0000001% by weight, at least about 0.0000005% by weight, or at least about 0.000001% by weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, selenium may be present in amounts of about 0.001% by weight or less, about 0.0005% by weight or less, or about 0.0001% by weight or less. In some embodiments, selenium may be provided in the form of one or more inorganic forms (e.g., selenates and selenites), one or more organic forms (e.g., selenomethionine and selenocysteine), and / or mixtures thereof.

[0041]

[0047] In some embodiments, selenium is present in an amount of about 0.0000001% to about 0.001% by weight of the oral product, for example, in an amount of about 0.0000005% to about 0.0005% by weight of the oral product. In preferred embodiments, selenium is present in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 0.0001% by weight of the oral product.

[0042]

[0048] In addition to L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea species, and optionally vitamin D or selenium, the combination of active ingredients may include one or more additional active ingredients. These additional active ingredients may be any suitable active ingredients that aid in the immune response, immunity, or resilience against infection, and may be selected from, for example, dietary supplements, nootropics, or psychoactive substances. These additional active ingredients may be naturally occurring or obtained synthetically.

[0043]

[0049] Non-limiting examples of additional active ingredients include those falling into the categories of plant-based ingredients, amino acids, nicotine components, and / or nutritional supplements, and pharmaceutical ingredients (e.g., vitamins such as vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, and / or cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD)).

[0044]

[0050] Additional active ingredients may include, for example, taurine, thein, vitamins such as vitamin B (e.g., B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and / or B12), vitamin A, vitamin E, or vitamin K, melatonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cannabinoids, or their components, derivatives, or combinations.

[0045]

[0051] In some embodiments, one or more additional active ingredients are selected from plant-derived ingredients (e.g., lavender, peppermint, chamomile, basil, rosemary, ginger, maca, lemon balm, and herbal tea beverages), amino acids (e.g., taurine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, GABA, and tryptophan), cannabinoids, and / or nutritional supplements or pharmaceutical ingredients (e.g., vitamins such as vitamin B).

[0046]

[0052] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients further includes lemon balm. Lemon balm, also known as Melissa officinalis, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Lemon balm contains a complex mixture of terpenes, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and other molecules. Lemon balm may be in the form of leaves, stems, or roots derived from the lemon balm plant. In some embodiments, lemon balm is included in the form of lemon balm leaves, such as coarsely chopped, shredded, or powdered lemon balm leaves. In some embodiments, lemon balm is included in the form of lemon balm extracts, such as an aqueous extract of lemon balm. In some embodiments, lemon balm is included in the form of lemon balm essential oil. Lemon balm has been previously found to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

[0047]

[0053] Lemon balm may be present in any appropriate amount, such as at least about 0.01% by weight, at least 0.05% by weight, or at least 0.1% by weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, lemon balm may be present in an amount of about 3% by weight or less, or about 2% by weight or less, of the oral product.

[0048]

[0054] In some embodiments, lemon balm is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 0.05% to about 3% by weight. In preferred embodiments, lemon balm is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the oral product.

[0049]

[0055] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients further includes chamomile. Chamomile (Matricaria recuita) is a flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Native to Europe and West Asia, it is now found worldwide. There are two different species of chamomile: German chamomile and Roman chamomile. German chamomile is generally considered to be a more potent variety and is the most widely used type for medicinal purposes. Various classes of bioactive components, such as flavanols (apigenin, luteolin, quercetin), coumarins, and terpenoids, are present in chamomile. Studies have shown that chamomile has benefits that help fight infections by enhancing immunity or the immune system. Chamomile is also known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

[0050]

[0056] Chamomile may also be in the form of a chamomile extract. Chamomile (e.g., chamomile extract) may be present in an amount of at least about 0.001% by weight, at least about 0.005% by weight, or at least about 0.01% by weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, chamomile (e.g., chamomile extract) may be present in an amount of about 1% by weight or less, about 0.5% by weight or less, or about 0.1% by weight or less of the oral product.

[0051]

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, and vitamin D. In other preferred embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, and selenium.

[0052]

[0058] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, and lemon balm. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, and chamomile extract. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, lemon balm, and chamomile extract.

[0053]

[0059] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, vitamin D, and lemon balm. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, vitamin D, and chamomile extract. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, vitamin D, lemon balm, and chamomile extract.

[0054]

[0060] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, selenium, and lemon balm. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, selenium, and chamomile extract. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, selenium, lemon balm, and chamomile extract.

[0055]

[0061] In any of these embodiments, the term “comprises” can be replaced with the term “consists essentially of” or “consists of.” In other words, in some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may be limited to L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, vitamin D, lemon balm, and chamomile extract. In other embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may be limited to L-theanine, ginseng, vitamin C, Echinacea, selenium, lemon balm, and chamomile extract.

[0056]

[0062] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0057]

[0063] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0058]

[0064] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0059]

[0065] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0060]

[0066] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0061]

[0067] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0062]

[0068] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0063]

[0069] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0064]

[0070] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0065]

[0071] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0066]

[0072] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0067]

[0073] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0068]

[0074] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0069]

[0075] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0070]

[0076] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0071]

[0077] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0072]

[0078] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, and (iv) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product.

[0073]

[0079] In any of these embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may further contain vitamin D in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 0.1% by weight of the oral product.

[0074]

[0080] In any of these embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may further contain vitamin D in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 0.01% by weight of the oral product.

[0075]

[0081] In any of these embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may further contain vitamin D in an amount of about 0.0000025% to about 0.005% by weight of the oral product.

[0076]

[0082] In any of these embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may further contain vitamin D in an amount of about 0.00001% to about 0.001% by weight of the oral product.

[0077]

[0083] In any of these embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may further contain selenium in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 0.001% by weight of the oral product. Selenium may be used as a substitute for vitamin D or in addition to vitamin D. Preferably, selenium is used as a substitute for vitamin D so that the oral product does not contain vitamin D.

[0078]

[0084] In any of these embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may further contain selenium in an amount of about 0.000005% to about 0.0005% by weight of the oral product.

[0079]

[0085] In any of these embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may further contain selenium in an amount of about 0.00001% by weight to about 0.0001% by weight of the oral product.

[0080]

[0086] For example, in some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, and (v) about 0.000001% to about 0.1% by weight of vitamin D in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, and (v) about 0.000001% to about 0.01% by weight of vitamin D in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, and (v) about 0.0000025% to about 0.005% by weight of vitamin D in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, and (v) about 0.00001% to about 0.001% by weight of vitamin D in the oral product.

[0081]

[0087] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, and (v) about 0.000001% to about 0.01% by weight of selenium in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, and (v) about 0.000005% to about 0.0005% by weight of selenium in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, and (v) about 0.00001% to about 0.0001% by weight of selenium in the oral product.

[0082]

[0088] In any of these embodiments, lemon balm may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the oral product. Lemon balm may be present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 3% by weight of the oral product. In a preferred embodiment, lemon balm may be present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the oral product. Alternatively, or in addition, chamomile may be present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight of the oral product. Chamomile may be present in an amount of about 0.005% to about 0.5% by weight of the oral product. In a preferred embodiment, chamomile may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight of the oral product.

[0083]

[0089] For example, in some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, (v) about 0.000001% to about 0.1% by weight of vitamin D in the oral product, and (vi) about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of lemon balm in the oral product, and / or (vii) about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight of chamomile in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, (v) about 0.000001% to about 0.01% by weight of vitamin D in the oral product, and (vi) about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of lemon balm in the oral product, and / or (vii) about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight of chamomile in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, (v) about 0.0000025% to about 0.005% by weight of vitamin D in the oral product, and (vi) about 0.05% to about 3% by weight of lemon balm in the oral product, and / or (vii) about 0.005% to about 0.5% by weight of chamomile in the oral product.In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, (v) about 0.00001% to about 0.001% by weight of vitamin D in the oral product, and (vi) about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of lemon balm in the oral product, and / or (vii) about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight of chamomile in the oral product.

[0084]

[0090] For example, in some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, (v) about 0.000001% to about 0.001% by weight of selenium in the oral product, and (vi) about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of lemon balm in the oral product, and / or (vii) about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight of chamomile in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, (v) about 0.000005% to about 0.0005% by weight of selenium in the oral product, and (vi) about 0.05% to about 3% by weight of lemon balm in the oral product, and / or (vii) about 0.005% to about 0.5% by weight of chamomile in the oral product. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes (i) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of L-theanine in the oral product, (ii) about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of ginseng in the oral product, (iii) about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of vitamin C in the oral product, (iv) about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of Echinacea in the oral product, (v) about 0.00001% to about 0.0001% by weight of selenium in the oral product, and (vi) about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of lemon balm in the oral product, and / or (vii) about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight of chamomile in the oral product.

[0085]

[0091] The inventors have found that the amounts of the active ingredients described above provide a safe product while also achieving beneficial effects such as enhancing immunity and improving the user's ability to recover from infection. The amounts can be adjusted to ensure consumer safety and avoid any excessive intake of the active substances, while still ensuring the product has high efficacy.

[0086]

[0092] Other suitable additional active ingredients are listed below.

[0087]

[0093] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients further includes botanical active ingredients. As used herein, “botanical ingredients” or “botanical” means any plant material or fungal material, including plant material in its natural form and plant material derived from natural plant material, such as extracts or isolates from plant material or processed plant material (e.g., plant material subjected to heat treatment, fermentation, bleaching, or other processing processes that can alter the physical and / or chemical properties of the material). For the purposes of this disclosure, “botanical” includes, but is not limited to, “herbal material,” which refers to seed-producing plants that do not develop persistent woody tissue and are often valued for their medicinal or sensory properties (e.g., tea or herbal tea beverages). Botanical materials useful in this disclosure may include, but is not limited to, any compounds and sources (including mixtures thereof) described herein. Certain botanical materials of this type may be referred to as supplements, dietary supplements, “phytochemicals,” or “functional foods.” Certain botanical ingredients, either plant materials or extracts thereof, have been used in traditional herbal medicine and are further described herein.Non-exclusive examples of plant-based or plant-derived raw materials include: Bacopa monniera, baobab, basil, Centella asiatica, Bupleurum, cherry blossom, chlorophyll, cinnamon, citrus fruits, clove, cocoa, Cordyceps, curcumin, Damiana, Dorstenia arifolia, Dorstenia odorata, essential oils, eucalyptus, fennel, Galphimia glauca, ginger, Ginkgo biloba, Griffonia simplicifolia, guarana, cannabis, hemp, hops, jasmine, kaba, lavender, lemongrass, licorice, lutein, maca, matcha, Nardostachys chinensis, and sweet violet (Viola). Examples include oily extracts of Odorata, peppermint, piperine, quercetin, resveratrol, Rhizoma gastrodiae, Rhodiola species, rooibos, rose essential oil, rosemary, Sceletium tortuosum, Schisandra species, skullcap, spearmint extract, spikenard, terpenes, herbal tea beverages, turmeric, Turnera aphrodisiaca, valerian, white mulberry, and mate.

[0088]

[0094] The combination of active ingredients may include vitamin B (e.g., vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, preferably one or more of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12). If present, vitamin B (vitamin B6 and / or vitamin B12, etc.) may be present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the oral product, preferably about 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight of the oral product.

[0089]

[0095] The combination of active ingredients may further include vitamins selected from vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin K, or mixtures thereof.

[0090]

[0096] The combination of active ingredients may further include amino acids selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), hydroxyproline, and beta-alanine. In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes GABA.

[0091]

[0097] In some embodiments, the active ingredient combination includes cannabinoids. Cannabinoids may be derivatives or extracts of cannabis. Cannabinoids are a class of naturally occurring or synthetic compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors (i.e., CB1 and CB2) in cells to inhibit the release of neurotransmitters in the brain. Cannabinoids are cyclic molecules that exhibit certain properties, such as the ability to easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Cannabinoids may be naturally occurring from plants such as cannabis (phytocannabinoids), naturally occurring from animals (endocannabinoids), or artificially produced (synthetic cannabinoids). Cannabis species express at least 85 different phytocannabinoids, which can be classified into subclasses such as cannabigerol, cannabichromene, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, and cannabinodiol, as well as other cannabinoids. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is selected from the group consisting of cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabiclomevalin (CBCV), cannabigerovalin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerol acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabitriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabimolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivaric acid (THCV A), and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or contains at least tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD) or comprises at least cannabidiol (CBD).

[0092]

[0098] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients contains at least about 0.001% by weight of cannabinoids (such as cannabidiol) in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight, for example, about 0.01% to about 5% by weight, for example, about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, or for example, 0.5% to about 1% by weight of the oral product.

[0093]

[0099] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients includes magnesium glycinate. If present, magnesium glycinate may be included in the oral product in an amount of about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, for example, about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, or about 0.5% to about 1% by weight.

[0094]

[0100] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients further includes piperine. Piperine is an alkaloid found in the fruits of pepper species of the Piperaceae family, such as black pepper (Piper nigrum), long pepper (Piper longum), red long pepper (Piper retrofactum), and voixperiferi pepper (Piper borbonense). Piperine may be beneficial to include in oral products due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of one or more compounds contained in the oral product. The origin of piperine is not limited. In some embodiments, it can be obtained from black pepper extract.

[0095]

[0101] Piperine has been found to enhance the bioavailability of one or more P-glycoprotein substrate compounds obtained, for example, from saffron or ashwagandha. Specifically, piperine has been found to enhance the bioavailability of crocetin, crocin, withanolide A, and withanone. Each of these compounds is a P-glycoprotein substrate, and their permeability across the blood-brain barrier has been found to be enhanced by combining these compounds with piperine. This is unexpected, as no enhancement was observed with another P-gp inhibitor (quercetin) and / or other P-glycoprotein substrate compounds, such as ursolic acid obtained from holy basil. Therefore, in some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may include ginseng in the form of ashwagandha, and further may include piperine. In such embodiments, piperine may enhance / improve the bioavailability of withanolide A and / or withanone provided by ashwagandha in the oral product. Enhancement / improvement refers to a comparison with oral products that do not contain piperine, and refers to the blood-brain barrier penetration of withanolide A and / or withanon, which are P-glycoprotein substrates.

[0096]

[0102] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients may instead, or in addition to, crocin and / or crocetin. Crocin and / or crocetin can be obtained from saffron extract. Saffron is disclosed herein as a possible flavoring agent for oral products. As above, piperine may enhance / improve the bioavailability of crocin and / or crocetin in oral products compared to oral products without piperine. Enhancement / improvement refers to the blood-brain barrier crossing of the P-glycoprotein substrate crocin and / or crocetin.

[0097]

[0103] The advantage of such enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability is that it allows for the inclusion of smaller amounts of the active ingredient in the oral product, thereby mitigating or preventing any problems that may arise from larger amounts, such as solubility, sensory properties (sensorial), compliance, and safety. The inclusion of smaller amounts of the active substance is particularly beneficial when the oral product is prepared as a liquid in shot form, i.e., a beverage that can be consumed quickly. Liquid oral products may have volumes of, for example, about 10 mL to about 100 mL, or about 25 mL to about 75 mL. In such embodiments, the liquid oral product can be considered a shot. For example, the volume of the liquid may be about 60 mL or about 30 mL. However, since reducing the amount should not impair the effectiveness of the oral product, piperine may be used for this purpose.

[0098]

[0104] In some embodiments, the oral product may contain about 0.0001% to about 0.1% by weight of piperine, based on the total weight of the oral product. In preferred embodiments, the oral product may contain about 0.0005% to about 0.05% by weight of piperine, based on the total weight of the oral product.

[0099]

[0105] To avoid misunderstanding, the above combinations of endpoints are explicitly assumed by this disclosure. This applies to any scope disclosed herein.

[0100]

[0106] Ratio of active ingredients The ratio of active ingredients in an oral product may be selected to enhance the effect of the oral product on the consumer.

[0101]

[0107] In some embodiments, L-theanine and ginseng are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 35:1, for example, about 1:5 to about 30:1. In preferred embodiments, L-theanine and ginseng are present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 25:1.

[0102]

[0108] The inventors have found that the weight ratio of vitamin C can be beneficial to the effects of the oral product on consumers. In some embodiments, vitamin C and L-theanine are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, for example, about 1:10 to about 8:1. In preferred embodiments, vitamin C and L-theanine are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 5:1.

[0103]

[0109] In some embodiments, vitamin C and ginseng are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, for example, about 1:5 to about 10:1. In preferred embodiments, vitamin C and ginseng are present in a weight ratio of about 1:5 to about 5:1.

[0104]

[0110] The amount of Echinacea species present in the product may have a desirable effect in enhancing immunity and supporting recovery from infection. In some embodiments, Echinacea species and L-theanine are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 25:1, for example, about 1:10 to about 20:1. In preferred embodiments, Echinacea species and L-theanine are present in a weight ratio of about 1:5 to about 15:1.

[0105]

[0111] In some embodiments, ginseng and the Echinacea genus are present in a weight ratio of about 1:25 to about 5:1, for example, about 1:25 to about 4:1. In preferred embodiments, ginseng and the Echinacea genus are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 4:1.

[0106]

[0112] In any of the embodiments described above, the combination of active ingredients may further include vitamin D. When vitamin D is present, vitamin C and vitamin D may be present in a weight ratio of about 120,000:1 to about 1,000:1, for example, about 120,000:1 to 2,000:1. In a preferred embodiment, vitamin C and vitamin D may be present in a weight ratio of about 7,000:1 to about 2,500:1.

[0107]

[0113] In any of the embodiments described above, the combination of active ingredients may further include selenium. When selenium is present, vitamin C and selenium may be present in a weight ratio of about 10,000,000:1 to about 10:1. In preferred embodiments, vitamin C and selenium may be present in a weight ratio of about 100,000:1 to about 100:1. Selenium may be present as a substitute for vitamin D or in addition to vitamin D. In preferred embodiments, selenium is included as a substitute for vitamin D. Therefore, the oral product may be defined by the weight ratio of vitamin C and selenium, rather than the weight ratio of vitamin C and vitamin D.

[0108]

[0114] As already described above, the combination of active ingredients may further include lemon balm and / or chamomile. In some embodiments, L-theanine and lemon balm may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 35:1, for example, about 1:5 to about 30:1. In preferred embodiments, L-theanine and lemon balm may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 25:1.

[0109]

[0115] In some embodiments, ginseng and lemon balm may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, for example, about 1:5 to about 10:1. In preferred embodiments, ginseng and lemon balm may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 10:1.

[0110]

[0116] In some embodiments, vitamin C and lemon balm may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, for example, about 1:5 to about 10:1. In preferred embodiments, vitamin C and lemon balm may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 10:1.

[0111]

[0117] In some embodiments, the Echinacea genus and lemon balm may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:5 to about 50:1, for example, about 1:5 to about 40:1. In preferred embodiments, the Echinacea genus and lemon balm may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 30:1.

[0112]

[0118] In some embodiments, L-theanine and chamomile may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 100:1, for example, about 2:1 to about 80:1. In preferred embodiments, L-theanine and chamomile may be present in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 75:1.

[0113]

[0119] In some embodiments, ginseng and chamomile may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 25:1, for example, about 1:1 to about 20:1. In preferred embodiments, ginseng and chamomile may be present in a weight ratio of about 2:1 to about 20:1.

[0114]

[0120] In some embodiments, vitamin C and chamomile may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 50:1, for example, about 2:1 to about 40:1. In preferred embodiments, vitamin C and chamomile may be present in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 25:1.

[0115]

[0121] In some embodiments, the Echinacea genus and chamomile may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 150:1, for example, about 1:1 to about 120:1. In preferred embodiments, the Echinacea genus and chamomile may be present in a weight ratio of about 2:1 to about 100:1.

[0116]

[0122] Those skilled in the art will understand that any of the aforementioned weight ratio ranges can be combined.

[0117]

[0123] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1.

[0118]

[0124] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1.

[0119]

[0125] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 25:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1.

[0120]

[0126] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 8:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1.

[0121]

[0127] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 5:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1.

[0122]

[0128] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 8:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1.

[0123]

[0129] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 8:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 20:1.

[0124]

[0130] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 8:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:5 to approximately 15:1.

[0125]

[0131] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 8:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1.

[0126]

[0132] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 5:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1.

[0127]

[0133] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 5:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:5 to approximately 15:1.

[0128]

[0134] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 25:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to L-theanine is approximately 1:10 to approximately 5:1, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to Echinacea species is approximately 1:5 to approximately 15:1.

[0129]

[0135] In any of the embodiments described above, the combination of active ingredients may be defined by one or more further weight ratios as defined above.

[0130]

[0136] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 5:1.

[0131]

[0137] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 5:1.

[0132]

[0138] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 25:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 5:1.

[0133]

[0139] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 5:1.

[0134]

[0140] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 5:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 5:1.

[0135]

[0141] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 4:1.

[0136]

[0142] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:20 to approximately 4:1.

[0137]

[0143] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 4:1.

[0138]

[0144] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 4:1.

[0139]

[0145] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 25:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 10:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 4:1.

[0140]

[0146] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 30:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 5:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 4:1.

[0141]

[0147] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 25:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 5:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:25 to approximately 4:1.

[0142]

[0148] In some embodiments, the oral product comprises a combination of active ingredients including (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, and (iv) Echinacea species, where the weight ratio of L-theanine to ginseng is approximately 1:1 to approximately 25:1, the weight ratio of vitamin C to ginseng is approximately 1:5 to approximately 5:1, and the weight ratio of ginseng to Echinacea species is approximately 1:20 to approximately 4:1.

[0143]

[0149] In any of the embodiments described above, vitamin D may be present in the combination of active ingredients, and the weight ratio of vitamin C to vitamin D may be about 150,000:1 to about 1,000:1, for example, about 120,000:1 to about 2,000:1. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin C to vitamin D is about 7,000:1 to about 2,500:1.

[0144]

[0150] In any of the embodiments described above, the combination of active ingredients may further include selenium. When selenium is present, vitamin C and selenium may be present in a weight ratio of about 10,000,000:1 to about 10:1. In preferred embodiments, vitamin C and selenium may be present in a weight ratio of about 100,000:1 to about 100:1.

[0145]

[0151] In any of the above embodiments, chamomile may be present in the combination of active ingredients, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to chamomile may be about 1:1 to 100:1, for example about 2:1 to about 80:1, preferably about 5:1 to about 75:1. Lemon balm may also, or alternatively, be present in the combination of active ingredients, and the weight ratio of L-theanine to lemon balm may be about 1:10 to about 35:1, for example about 1:5 to about 30:1, preferably about 1:1 to about 25:1.

[0146]

[0152] additives Liquid oral products may contain one or more additional components in addition to the combination of active ingredients. For example, an oral product may further contain additives selected from the group consisting of flavoring agents, sweeteners, buffering agents, acidifying agents, humectants, preservatives, salts, colorants, oral care additives, antioxidants, water, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, an oral product may further contain water, and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of flavoring agents, sweeteners, acidifying agents, preservatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0147]

[0153] water The water content (e.g., hydration) of oral products may vary according to the desired characteristics before the product is used by the consumer.

[0148]

[0154] For liquid oral products, the water content may be at least about 50% by weight of the oral product, for example, at least about 60% by weight, for example, at least about 75% by weight. Preferably, the water content of the liquid oral product may be at least about 90% by weight of the oral product. Preferably, the water content of the liquid oral product may be about 60% to about 99.5% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 75% to about 99% by weight, for example, about 80% to about 98% by weight.

[0149]

[0155] Flavoring As used herein, the term “flavoring agent” (or “flavor” or “flavoring agent”) refers to any material that may be used to create a desired taste, aroma, or other somatic sensation in a product intended for adult consumers, where local regulations permit it. Examples of sensory features that may be modified by flavoring agents include taste, texture, moisture, coolness / heat, and / or aroma. Flavoring agents may be natural or synthetic, and the flavor characteristics they impart may be described as, but are not limited to, fresh, sweet, herbal, confectionery, floral, fruity, or spicy.

[0150]

[0156] Flavorings may be selected from a group consisting of naturally occurring flavorings, plant-based raw materials, extracts of plant-based raw materials, synthetically obtained materials, or combinations thereof (e.g., tobacco, cannabis, licorice, hydrangea, eugenol, magnolia leaf, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, maple, matcha, menthol, Japanese mint, anise, cinnamon, turmeric, Indian spices, Asian spices, herbs, wintergreen, cherry, berries, red berries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, peaches, phosphorus). Orange, mango, pineapple, clementine, lemon, lime, tropical fruits, papaya, rhubarb, grapes, durian, dragon fruit, cucumber, blueberry, mulberry, citrus fruits, Drambuie, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, gin, tequila, rum, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, aloe vera, cardamom, coconut, celery, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, khat, naswar, betel nut, shisha, pine, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil Orange blossoms, cherry blossoms, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, ylang-ylang, sage, fennel, wasabi, bell pepper, ginger, coriander, coffee, hemp, peppermint oil from any of the Mentha species, eucalyptus, star anise, cocoa, lemongrass, rooibos, flax, ginkgo, hazelnut, hibiscus, bay leaf, mate, orange peel, rose, tea such as green or black tea, thyme, juniper, elderflower, basil, bay leaf, cumin, oregano, paprika, rosemary, saffron, lemon peel, mint, shiso, curcuma, shira Ingredients (such as corn, myrtle, blackcurrant, valerian, pimento, mace, damien, marjoram, olive, lemon basil, chives, calvi, verbena, tarragon, limonene, thymol, camphene), flavor enhancers, bitter taste receptor site blockers, sensory receptor site activators or stimulants, sugars and / or sugar substitutes (e.g., honey, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate, lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, or mannitol), as well as charcoal, chlorophyll, minerals, and vegetable ingredients.(or breath fresheners). These may be imitation ingredients, synthetic ingredients, natural ingredients, or blends thereof. They may be in any suitable form, such as liquids like oils, solids like powders, or gases.

[0151]

[0157] In some embodiments, the flavoring agent includes natural flavoring agents such as berries (e.g., raspberries, blueberries, or strawberries), honey, citrus fruits (lemon, bergamot, orange, or lime, etc.), or other plant-based materials.

[0152]

[0158] In some embodiments, the flavoring agent includes menthol, spearmint, and / or peppermint. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent includes flavor components of cucumber, blueberry, citrus, and / or red berry. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent includes eugenol. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent includes flavor components extracted from tobacco. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent includes flavor components extracted from cannabis.

[0153]

[0159] In some embodiments, the flavoring agent may include a sensory stimulant, which is intended to achieve somatosensations that are normally chemically induced and perceived by stimulation of the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve), in addition to or instead of the aroma or taste nerves, and may include agents that produce heating, cooling, tingling, or numbing effects. Suitable thermal agents may include, but are not limited to, vanillyl ethyl ether, and suitable cooling agents may include, but are not limited to, eucalyptol or WS-3.

[0154]

[0160] In some embodiments, the flavoring agent may include terpenes. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent may include monoterpenes and / or diterpenes and / or sesquiterpenes. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent may include monoterpenes. In some embodiments, the terpenes are selected from pinene (alpha and beta), geraniol, linalool, limonene, carvone, eucalyptol, menthone, isomenthon, piperitone, myrcene, betabulvonene, germacrene, thymol, citral, eugenol, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the flavoring agents include geraniol, citronellol, nerol, maltol, ethylmaltol, fencol, homofuraneol, furaneol, norfuraneol, 1-octen-3-ol, borneol, linalool, farnesol, hydroxycitronellol, 3,7-dimethyloctanol, myrcenol, lavandulol, nerolidol, terpineol, alphaterpineol, menthol, thymol, carvacrol, myrtenol, carveol, santo The following are selected from the group consisting of olol, piperitol, periryl alcohol, patchouli alcohol, hexanol, 1-hexanol, 3-cis-hexanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, phenylethanol, eugenol, sesamol, sotolon, maplefuranone, methyl anthranilate, guaiacol, raspberry ketone, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, benzyl alcohol, homofuraneol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, and combinations thereof.In some embodiments, the flavoring agent is selected from the group consisting of geraniol, citronellol, nerol, maltol, ethylmaltol, fencol, homofuraneol, furaneol, norfuraneol, 1-octen-3-ol, borneol, linalool, farnesol, hydroxycitronellol, 3,7-dimethyloctanol, myrcenool, lavandulol, nerolidol, terpineol, alphaterpineol, menthol, thymol, carvacrol, myrtenol, carveol, santalol, piperitol, periryl alcohol, patchouli alcohol, hexanol, 1-hexanol, 3-cis-hexanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, phenylethanol, eugenol, sesamol, sotolon, maplefuranone, methyl anthranilate, guaiacol, raspberry ketone, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, benzyl alcohol, homofuraneol, and combinations thereof.

[0155]

[0161] If present, flavoring agents may be included in the oral product in an amount of up to about 10% by weight of the oral product, for example, up to about 5% by weight, for example, up to about 1% by weight. In some embodiments, flavoring agents are present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the oral product, for example, up to about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, preferably up to about 0.25% to about 1% by weight of the oral product.

[0156]

[0162] Humectant In some embodiments, the oral product contains at least one wetting agent. Examples of suitable wetting agents that may be included in the product include, but are not limited to, glycerin, 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol), 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol. In some embodiments, the wetting agent is glycerin or contains glycerin. In some embodiments, the oral product contains glycerin. In some embodiments, the wetting agent is propylene glycol or contains propylene glycol. In some embodiments, the oral product contains propylene glycol. The amount of wetting agent used in the oral product may vary, but can be up to about 5% by weight, and certain embodiments are characterized by a wetting agent content of at least about 1% by weight, e.g., about 2% to about 5% by weight, in the oral product. In some embodiments, a wetting agent (such as glycerin and / or propylene glycol) may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 25% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 0.5% to about 15% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 1% to about 10% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 5% to about 10% by weight of the oral product.

[0157]

[0163] sweetener One or more sweeteners may be added to improve the sensory characteristics of the oral product. The sweeteners may be any sweetener or combination of sweeteners, in natural or artificial form, or as a combination of natural and artificial sweeteners. Examples of natural sweeteners include fructose, sucrose, glucose, maltose, mannose, galactose, lactose, stevia, and honey. Examples of artificial sweeteners include sucralose, isomaltulose, maltodextrin, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K, and neotame.

[0158]

[0164] In some embodiments, the sweetener comprises one or more sugar alcohols. Examples of sugar alcohols include erythritol, arabitol, ribitol, isomalt, maltitol, dulcitol, iditol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, sorbitol, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of fructose, sucrose, glucose, maltose, mannose, galactose, lactose, stevia, honey, sucralose, isomaltulose, maltodextrin, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K, neotame, erythritol, arabitol, ribitol, isomalt, maltitol, dulcitol, iditol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, sorbitol, and mixtures thereof.

[0159]

[0165] In some embodiments, the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sucralose, acesulfame K, aspartame, maltodextrin, mannitol, sucrose, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the sweetener may be sucralose and / or acesulfame K. When present in the oral product, the sweetener (sucralose and / or acesulfame K, etc.) may be present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, for example, about 0.01% to about 3% by weight, preferably about 0.01% to about 1% by weight, of the oral product.

[0160]

[0166] cushioning agent Non-limiting examples of suitable buffers that may be included in oral products include alkali metal acetates, glycinates, phosphates, glycerophosphates, citrates, carbonates, bicarbonates, borates, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments where a buffer is present, the buffer is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the buffer is sodium bicarbonate and / or sodium carbonate. If present, the buffer (e.g., sodium bicarbonate and / or sodium carbonate) may be included in amounts less than about 5% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 0.5% to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the oral product, for example, about 0.75% to about 4% by weight, about 0.75% to about 3% by weight, or about 1% to about 2% by weight.

[0161]

[0167] organic acid In some embodiments, the product contains organic acids. As used herein, the term “organic acid” refers to an organic (i.e., carbon-based) compound characterized by its acidic properties. Typically, organic acids are relatively weak acids (i.e., those that do not completely dissociate in the presence of water), such as carboxylic acids (-CO2H) or sulfonic acids (-SO2OH). As used herein, references to organic acids mean organic acids that are intentionally added. In this regard, organic acids may be intentionally added as specific mixture components rather than simply existing as components of another mixture component (e.g., small amounts of organic acids that may be essentially present in a mixture such as tobacco materials). In some embodiments, one or more organic acids are added as is (i.e., in the form of their free acids, natural solids, or liquids) or, for example, as a solution in water. In some embodiments, one or more organic acids are added in the form of salts.

[0162]

[0168] In some embodiments, the organic acid is a carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid. The carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid functional group is, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C1 to C20). 20It may be bonded to any alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group having ). In some embodiments, the organic acid is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroarylcarboxylic acid or sulfonic acid.

[0163]

[0169] In some embodiments, the organic acid is an alkylcarboxylic acid. Non-limiting examples of alkylcarboxylic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. In some embodiments, the organic acid is an alkylsulfonic acid. Non-limiting examples of alkylsulfonic acids include propanesulfonic acid and octanesulfonic acid.

[0164]

[0170] In some embodiments, the alkylcarboxylic acid or alkylsulfonic acid is substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. Non-limiting examples include glycolic acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, and lactic acid.

[0165]

[0171] In some embodiments, the organic acid may contain multiple carboxylic acid groups or multiple sulfonic acid groups (e.g., two, three, or more carboxylic acid groups). Non-limiting examples include oxalic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, and glutaric acid. In organic acids containing multiple carboxylic acids (e.g., two to four carboxylic acid groups), one or more carboxylic acid groups may be esterified. Non-limiting examples include monoethyl succinate, monomethyl fumarate, and monomethyl citrate or dimethyl citrate.

[0166]

[0172] In some embodiments, the organic acid may comprise multiple carboxylic acid groups and one or more hydroxyl groups. Non-limiting examples of such acids include tartaric acid and citric acid. In some preferred embodiments, the organic acid is citric acid, sodium citrate, calcium citrate, or a combination thereof.

[0167]

[0173] In some embodiments, the organic acid is an arylcarboxylic acid or an arylsulfonic acid. Non-limiting examples of arylcarboxylic acids and arylsulfonic acids include benzoic acid, tolueneic acid, salicylic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

[0168]

[0174] Non-limiting examples of additional suitable organic acids include 2,2-dichloroacetic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, acetic acid, adipic acid, ascorbic acid (L), aspartic acid (L), camphoric acid (+), camphor-10-sulfonic acid (+), capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, cinnamic acid, cyclamic acid, decanoic acid, dodecyl sulfate, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, and ethane. Examples include glyconic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, glycerophosphate, glycolic acid, hippuric acid, isobutyric acid, lactobionic acid, lauric acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, pamoic acid, pyroglutamic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid, and undecylenic acid.

[0169]

[0175] Preferably, the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the organic acid is citric acid or a salt thereof, or contains citric acid or a salt thereof.

[0170]

[0176] In some embodiments, the product contains an alkali metal salt of an organic acid. For example, at least a portion of the organic acid may be present in the product in the form of an alkali metal salt. Suitable alkali metal salts include lithium, sodium, and potassium. In some embodiments, the alkali metal is sodium or potassium. In some embodiments, the alkali metal is sodium. In some embodiments, the product contains an organic acid and a sodium salt of the organic acid. In some embodiments, the organic acid is sodium citrate, such as trisodium citrate, or contains sodium citrate.

[0171]

[0177] The amount of organic acids present in the product may vary. An oral product may contain about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of organic acids, based on the total weight of the oral product, presenting as one or more organic acids. In some embodiments, an oral product may contain at least about 0.01% by weight, at least about 0.1% by weight, about 0.2% by weight, about 0.3% by weight, about 0.4% by weight, about 0.5% by weight, about 0.6% by weight, about 0.7% by weight, about 0.8% by weight, about 0.9% by weight, about 1% by weight, about 2% by weight, about 3% by weight, about 4% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 7% by weight, about 8% by weight, about 9% by weight, or at least about 10% by weight of organic acids, based on the total weight of the oral product. In some preferred embodiments, an oral product may contain about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of organic acids, based on the weight of the oral product. For example, an oral product may contain organic acids in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight of the oral product. When an organic acid salt (e.g., citrate anhydride) is added, the weight percentage is calculated based on the weight of the free acid, excluding any possible counterions.

[0172]

[0178] In certain embodiments, the inclusion of organic acids is sufficient to achieve a product pH of about 4.0 to about 9.0, for example, about 4.5 to about 7.0, about 5.5 to about 7.0, about 4.0 to about 5.5, or about 7.0 to about 9.0. In some embodiments, the inclusion of organic acids is sufficient to achieve a product pH of about 4.5 to about 6.5, for example, about 4.5, about 5.0, about 5.5, about 6.0, or about 6.5. In some embodiments, the organic acids are provided in an amount sufficient to achieve a product pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5, for example, about 5.5, about 5.6, about 5.7, about 5.8, about 5.9, about 6.0, about 6.1, about 6.2, about 6.3, about 6.4, or about 6.5.

[0173]

[0179] In other embodiments, mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid) are added to adjust the product pH to a desired value.

[0174]

[0180] Organic acids (e.g., citric acid) can be added as is (i.e., as a solid) or as a solution in water, for example. In some embodiments, the organic acid is added as a 50% aqueous solution.

[0175]

[0181] salt The oral product may further contain salt. The salt may be included in an amount sufficient to provide the product with the desired sensory attributes. Not limited examples of suitable salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, wheat flour salt, sodium acetate, and sodium citrate. The salt may be included in any suitable amount of at least about 0.5% by weight of the oral product, e.g., at least about 1% by weight, e.g., at least about 1.5% by weight. In some embodiments, the oral product may contain salt in amounts ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, e.g., about 1% to about 7.5% by weight, e.g., about 1.5% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral product.

[0176]

[0182] Coloring agents Colorants may be used in amounts sufficient to provide the product with the desired physical attributes. Examples of colorants include caramel colorants and various dyes and pigments such as titanium dioxide. Natural colorants such as curcumin, beet juice extract, and spirulina, as well as various synthetic pigments, may also be used. The amount of colorant used in oral products may vary, but if present, it is typically up to about 3% by weight, for example, about 0.1% by weight, about 0.5% by weight, or about 1% to about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral product.

[0177]

[0183] Other additives Other ingredients, such as preservatives (e.g., potassium sorbate) and / or antioxidants, may also be used. Typically, if used, such ingredients are used in amounts up to about 10% by weight of the oral product, for example, at least about 0.1% by weight, for example, about 0.5% to about 10% by weight.

[0178]

[0184] Examples of further types of additives include zinc or magnesium salts, or combinations thereof, selected to be relatively water-soluble for compositions with higher water solubility (e.g., magnesium gluconate or zinc gluconate), or selected to be relatively water-insoluble for compositions with reduced water solubility (e.g., magnesium oxide or zinc oxide). See, for example, representative components, combinations of components, relative amounts of these components, and forms and methods for using these components as shown in U.S. Patent No. 9,237,769 by Mua et al., U.S. Patent No. 7,861,728 by Holton, Jr. et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0291245 by Gao et al., and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0062549 by Holton, Jr. et al. (each incorporated herein by reference). The typical range of such additional additives can vary depending on the nature and function of the additive, as well as the intended effect on the final product, and may range, for example, from about 10% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 5% by weight) based on the total weight of the oral product.

[0179]

[0185] In some embodiments, the oral product contains a magnesium salt. A non-limiting example of a suitable magnesium salt is magnesium gluconate. In some embodiments, the oral product contains magnesium in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight, or about 0.2% to about 1% by weight, based on the element magnesium.

[0180]

[0186] The aforementioned additives can be used together (for example, as an additive formulation) or separately (for example, the components of individual additives can be added at various stages involved in the preparation of the final product).

[0181]

[0187] Oral products Products or compositions described herein are configured for oral use. As used herein, “configured for oral use” means that the product is provided in such a form that, during use, the saliva in the user’s mouth causes one or more components of the product (e.g., the active ingredient) to enter the user’s mouth. In certain embodiments, the product is adapted to deliver the active ingredient and, optionally, flavoring agents to the user through the mucous membranes of the user’s mouth, the user’s digestive system, or both.

[0182]

[0188] The combination of active ingredients may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight. For example, the combination of active ingredients may be present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 15% by weight, for example, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight. Preferably, the combination of active ingredients is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the oral product, more preferably about 1% to about 10% by weight of the oral product.

[0183]

[0189] Liquid oral products may be in the form of shots, i.e., beverages that can be quickly taken in one or a few sips. Formulating oral products in shot form may be preferable because it takes up less space during storage (e.g., in a refrigerator or cupboard) and is easily portable by the user, thus providing a convenient and easy-to-use mode of administration that can be taken on the go. Furthermore, shots can provide an efficient delivery medium for the active substance, thereby delivering a sufficient level of the active substance to the user to achieve good efficacy without the need to ingest a large amount of liquid. In addition, shots may be formulated to have a pleasant taste. Drinking shots may be considered more palatable and easier for the user than, for example, swallowing tablets.

[0184]

[0190] Furthermore, liquid oral products may be in the form of larger beverages that are consumed more slowly over several sips. Liquid oral products may have a volume of approximately 1 mL to approximately 250 mL, for example, approximately 1 mL to approximately 200 mL. Liquid oral products may have a volume of approximately 100 mL to approximately 250 mL and may be supplied in packaging such as cartons, cups, cans, or bottles containing the liquid.

[0185]

[0191] The liquid oral product may have a volume of about 10 mL to about 100 mL, for example, about 25 mL to about 75 mL. In such embodiments, the liquid oral product can be considered as a shot. For example, the volume of the liquid may be about 60 mL or about 30 mL.

[0186]

[0192] As described above, the oral product may further contain water in an amount of about 50% to about 99.9% by weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, the oral product contains water in an amount of about 75% to about 99.5% by weight of the oral product, for example, about 80% to about 99% by weight, for example, about 90% to about 97.5% by weight of the oral product. In some embodiments, the oral product contains water in an amount of about 90% to about 99.5% by weight of the oral product, which may be about 95% to about 99% by weight of the oral product.

[0187]

[0193] If present, water may include tap water, rainwater, mineral-rich water, or distilled water.

[0188]

[0194] A liquid oral product may contain a combination of active ingredients in an amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 15% by weight of the oral product, and water in an amount of approximately 85% to approximately 99.9% by weight of the oral product. A liquid oral product may contain a combination of active ingredients in an amount of approximately 0.5% to approximately 12% by weight of the oral product, and water in an amount of approximately 88% to approximately 99.5% by weight of the oral product.

[0189]

[0195] In any of the above embodiments, the liquid oral product may further contain zinc or zinc gluconate in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2% by weight of the oral product. In preferred embodiments, zinc or zinc gluconate may be present in an amount of about 0.005% to about 1% by weight of the oral product.

[0190]

[0196] Liquid oral products (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain L-theanine in an amount of about 25 mg to about 2000 mg, for example, about 50 mg to about 1800 mg, preferably about 75 mg to about 1500 mg.

[0191]

[0197] Liquid oral products (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 750 mL) may contain an amount of ginseng ranging from about 10 mg to about 500 mg, for example, about 25 mg to about 300 mg, preferably about 50 mg to about 250 mg.

[0192]

[0198] Liquid oral products (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain an amount of vitamin C of about 10 mg to about 500 mg or about 50 mg to about 500 mg, for example, about 100 mg to about 500 mg, preferably about 200 mg to about 400 mg.

[0193]

[0199] A liquid oral product (for example, in the form of a shot with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain an amount of Echinacea species ranging from about 10 mg to about 1500 mg, for example, about 25 mg to about 1500 mg, preferably about 40 mg to about 1000 mg.

[0194]

[0200] If present, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain an amount of vitamin D of about 0.001 mg to about 50 mg or about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg, for example, about 0.001 mg to about 0.75 mg, preferably about 0.0025 mg to about 0.5 mg.

[0195]

[0201] If present, the liquid oral product (e.g., in the form of a shot with a volume of 25-75 mL) may contain chamomile (e.g., chamomile extract) in an amount of about 1 mg to about 100 mg, for example, about 5 mg to about 75 mg, preferably about 10 mg to about 50 mg.

[0196]

[0202] If present, the liquid oral product (e.g., in the form of a shot with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain lemon balm (e.g., lemon balm extract) in an amount of about 1 mg to about 200 mg, for example, about 5 mg to about 150 mg, preferably about 10 mg to about 120 mg.

[0197]

[0203] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0198]

[0204] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0199]

[0205] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 2500 mg of Echinacea, (v) about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract, and optionally (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0200]

[0206] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract, and (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0201]

[0207] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0202]

[0208] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0203]

[0209] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0204]

[0210] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 2500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0205]

[0211] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 50 mg to about 250 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0206]

[0212] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0207]

[0213] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0208]

[0214] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0209]

[0215] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0210]

[0216] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0211]

[0217] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0212]

[0218] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 40 mg to about 1000 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0213]

[0219] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0214]

[0220] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0215]

[0221] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0216]

[0222] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0217]

[0223] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 50 mg to about 200 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0218]

[0224] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 50 mg to about 200 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0219]

[0225] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 50 mg to about 200 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 40 mg to about 1000 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg of vitamin D, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0220]

[0226] In any of the above embodiments, vitamin D may be present in an amount described, ranging from about 0.001 mg to about 1 mg. In other embodiments, vitamin D may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.001 mg to about 50 mg. In such embodiments, vitamin D may be further present in an amount ranging from about 0.001 mg to about 0.75 mg, preferably from about 0.0025 mg to about 0.5 mg.

[0221]

[0227] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0222]

[0228] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0223]

[0229] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 2500 mg of Echinacea, (v) about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract, and optionally (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0224]

[0230] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract, and (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0225]

[0231] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0226]

[0232] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0227]

[0233] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0228]

[0234] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 2500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0229]

[0235] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 50 mg to about 250 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) optionally about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and optionally (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0230]

[0236] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0231]

[0237] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0232]

[0238] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0233]

[0239] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0234]

[0240] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 10 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0235]

[0241] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0236]

[0242] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 25 mg to about 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 40 mg to about 1000 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0237]

[0243] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 10 mg to about 500 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0238]

[0244] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0239]

[0245] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 50 mg to about 1800 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0240]

[0246] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 25 mg to about 300 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0241]

[0247] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 50 mg to about 200 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 100 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0242]

[0248] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 50 mg to about 200 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 25 mg to about 1500 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0243]

[0249] In some embodiments, the liquid oral product (for example, in the form of shots with a volume of 25 mL to 75 mL) may contain (i) about 75 mg to about 1500 mg of L-theanine, (ii) about 50 mg to about 200 mg of ginseng, (iii) about 200 mg to about 400 mg of vitamin C, (iv) about 40 mg to about 1000 mg of Echinacea, (v) possibly about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, and possibly (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract and / or (vii) about 1 mg to about 200 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0244]

[0250] In any of the above embodiments, selenium may be present in an amount described, ranging from about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg. In such embodiments, selenium may be further present in an amount of about 0.005 mg to about 0.1 mg, preferably about 0.01 mg to about 0.05 mg.

[0245]

[0251] In any of the above embodiments, the chamomile extract may be present in an amount described, ranging from about 1 mg to about 100 mg. In such embodiments, the chamomile extract may be further present in an amount of about 5 mg to about 75 mg, preferably about 10 mg to about 50 mg.

[0246]

[0252] In any of the above embodiments, the lemon balm extract may be present in an amount described, ranging from about 1 mg to about 200 mg. In such embodiments, the lemon balm extract may be further present in an amount of about 5 mg to about 150 mg, preferably about 10 mg to about 120 mg.

[0247]

[0253] The inventors have found that the amounts of the active ingredients described above provide a safe product with reduced side effects while simultaneously enhancing the immune response and achieving beneficial effects that support immunity and / or recovery from infection. The amounts can be adjusted to ensure consumer safety and avoid any excessive intake of the active ingredients, while still ensuring the product has high efficacy.

[0248]

[0254] In any of the embodiments described above, the liquid oral product may further contain zinc, such as zinc gluconate, in an amount of approximately 5 mg to approximately 150 mg. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid oral product may further contain an amount of approximately 10 mg to approximately 50 mg of zinc.

[0249]

[0255] Liquid oral products may contain any further appropriate additives. Suitable additives are described in more detail earlier, and all additives described herein may be included in liquid oral products. In some embodiments, liquid oral products may further contain additives selected from the group consisting of flavoring agents, sweeteners, acidifying agents, wetting agents, preservatives, and mixtures thereof. Examples of each of these forms of additives are described earlier herein.

[0250]

[0256] In some embodiments, a package in the form of a bottle or can for containing a liquid oral product is provided. The package may be a bottle that contains a desired volume of liquid oral product.

[0251]

[0257] process The method of combining the various components of the composition (e.g., active ingredients and any additives) can vary. The above components, which may be in liquid or dry solid form, may be mixed in a pretreatment step before mixing with all the remaining components of the product, or they may simply be mixed with all the other liquid or dry components.

[0252]

[0258] The various components of the product can be brought into contact, combined, or mixed together using any mixing technique or apparatus known in the art. Any mixing method that brings the product components into close contact can be used, such as mixing apparatus featuring an impeller or other agitable structure. Examples of mixing apparatus include casing drums, conditioning cylinders or drums, liquid spraying devices, conical blenders, ribbon blenders, mixers available as FKM130, FKM600, FKM1200, FKM2000, and FKM3000 from Littleford Day, Inc., plow-sear type mixer cylinders, and Hobart mixers. See also, for example, the type of methodology shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,148,325 by Solomon et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,510,855 by Korte et al., and U.S. Patent No. 6,834,654 by Williams (each incorporated herein by reference). Forms and methods for formulating the product will be obvious to those skilled in the art. See also, for example, the type of methodology shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,148,325 by Solomon et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,510,855 by Korte et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,834,654 by Williams, U.S. Patent No. 4,725,440 by Ridgway et al., and U.S. Patent No. 6,077,524 by Bolder et al. (each incorporated herein by reference).

[0253]

[0259] According to some embodiments described herein, a process for preparing an oral product described herein, wherein the oral product is preferably in liquid form, (a) The step of combining the active ingredients, (b) The step of bringing the active ingredient into contact with water, (c) The step of mixing the active ingredient with water to prepare an oral product. A process including this is provided.

[0254]

[0260] The combinations of active ingredients may be as previously described herein. Furthermore, the combinations of active substances may be as described below in relation to “further broader embodiments.”

[0255]

[0261] The active ingredient may be provided in the form of a liquid extract, liquid oil, or powder. If it is in the form of a powder, step (c) may include mixing the active ingredient with water until the active ingredient is dissolved in the water.

[0256]

[0262] Step (b) and / or step (c) may preferably be carried out at ambient temperature or room temperature (20-25°C). Otherwise, the temperature may be raised to aid in the dispersion or dissolution of the active ingredient in water. For example, step (b) may include contacting the active ingredient with water at a temperature of about 20-100°C, for example, about 30-90°C, or about 40-80°C. Step (b) may include mixing the active ingredient with water at a temperature of about 20-100°C, for example, about 30-90°C, or about 40-80°C.

[0257]

[0263] The process may include adding any additional additives at any stage. For example, any additive may be added to the active ingredient before combining it with water and / or after combining the active ingredient with water. Alternatively, an additive may be added to the water before the water comes into contact with the combination of active ingredients. Step (a) may include the optional step of combining any additive (e.g., an acidifying agent) with the combination of active ingredients. Step (b) may include the optional step of bringing the active ingredient into contact with water and the additive. Step (c) may include the optional step of adding the additive to the mixture to mix the additive with the combination of active ingredients and water.

[0258]

[0264] In some embodiments, the oral product further comprises one or more additives. In such embodiments, one or more additives may be combined with water before the addition of the active ingredient. In some cases, the step of combining one or more additives with water may include heating the combination to a temperature, for example, about 60°C to about 80°C, to achieve dissolution of the additives. Further additives, such as sweeteners, humectants, or colorants, may be added at this stage, or during and / or after the step of combining the active ingredient with water.

[0259]

[0265] The resulting liquid product may be in the form of a solution or dispersion of the active ingredient in water. Preferably, the liquid product is in the form of an aqueous solution of the active ingredient.

[0260]

[0266] use According to some embodiments described herein, the use of a combination of active ingredients for enhancing or supporting the immune response of a human or animal is provided, the combination of active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally vitamin D or selenium. In preferred embodiments, the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product as previously disclosed herein.

[0261]

[0267] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients further comprises one of the additional active ingredients previously described herein. For example, the combination of active ingredients may further comprise chamomile extract and / or lemon balm.

[0262]

[0268] The combination of active ingredients may enhance the immune response or improve the immune-supporting effect compared to previously known products or placebos (i.e., oral products that do not contain the combination of active ingredients according to the present invention). The immune response and / or immunity may be measured by methods commonly known in the art, such as laboratory studies of patient samples, including blood / serum tests measuring immune cell populations and subpopulations, markers such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, and / or immunoglobulins.

[0263]

[0269] According to some embodiments described herein, the use of a combination of active ingredients to support the resilience of humans or animals to infection is provided, the combination of active ingredients comprising (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) the genus Echinacea, and optionally vitamin D or selenium. In preferred embodiments, the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product according to the prior disclosure herein. Resilience to infection can be measured by methods commonly known in the art, e.g., by human population studies / randomized controlled trials and / or through laboratory studies of immune cells, markers, immunoglobulins, etc., in patient samples.

[0264]

[0270] Further embodiments described herein provide the use of combinations of active ingredients as defined herein to improve alertness and the sense of control in humans or animals. The improvement in alertness or sense of control is compared to a placebo (i.e., an oral product without the combination of active ingredients according to the present invention). The improvement in alertness may be assessed by a Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS) as illustrated by Example 8 herein. The improvement in the sense of control may be assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as illustrated by Example 8 herein. Humans or animals may be further subjected to stressors (e.g., a Stroop test) during the assessment, as illustrated by Example 8 herein. Thus, the oral product of the present invention may be described as providing a “more alert and controlled” mood state.

[0265]

[0271] Further embodiments described herein provide the use of a combination of active ingredients according to the embodiments defined herein for reducing drowsiness in humans or animals. The reduction in drowsiness is compared to a placebo (i.e., an oral product that does not contain the combination of active ingredients according to the present invention). The reduction in drowsiness may be assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS) as illustrated by Example 8 herein.

[0266]

[0272] In some embodiments, the combination of active ingredients further comprises one of the additional active ingredients previously described herein. For example, the combination of active ingredients may further comprise chamomile extract and / or lemon balm.

[0267]

[0273] The combination of active ingredients may enhance the effect of supporting the recovery of humans or animals from infection compared to previously known products or placebos.

[0268]

[0274] All disclosures herein relating to liquid oral products will be understood to apply to the disclosed processes and uses. For brevity, this disclosure will not be repeated.

[0269]

[0275] Further broader aspects According to some embodiments described herein, a liquid oral product is provided comprising a combination of active ingredients, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises ginseng, vitamin C, and lemon balm, and the ginseng and lemon balm are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 35:1. In some embodiments, the lemon balm is present in an amount of about 1 mg to about 200 mg.

[0270]

[0276] Such oral products may further contain other active ingredients. The active ingredients and / or additives described earlier in this specification are equally applicable to such embodiments and are not repeated here for the sake of brevity. All quantities and combinations described earlier in this specification are equally applicable to these embodiments.

[0271]

[0277] In some embodiments, the amount of ginseng is approximately 10 mg to approximately 500 mg.

[0272]

[0278] Also described herein are liquid oral products containing a combination of active ingredients, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises vitamin C, Echinacea species, and chamomile extract, and the weight ratio of Echinacea species to chamomile is about 1:1 to about 100:1, for example, about 1:1 to about 50:1, preferably about 1:1 to about 20:1.

[0273]

[0279] In any of the preceding embodiments, the oral product may further contain additional active ingredients previously described herein with respect to the first embodiment. The range and combinations of these additional active ingredients previously described herein apply equally to these embodiments.

[0274]

[0280] The processes and uses described herein may also apply equally to the more extensive embodiments described herein. [Examples]

[0275] Aspects of the present invention are described to illustrate specific aspects of the invention and should not be construed as limitations thereof, and are more fully illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0276]

[0281] Example 1 - Oral product - Liquid dosage form Prepare an oral product in liquid form containing the following ingredients per dose:

[0277] [Table 1]

[0278]

[0282] Oral products come in doses of 30 mL or 60 mL.

[0279]

[0283] Add all the active ingredients to water and stir the resulting mixture until a uniform dispersion or a clear solution is obtained. Then, package the product in bottles, with each single dose containing 30 or 60 mL of liquid.

[0280]

[0284] Also, prepare an oral product in liquid form containing the following ingredients per single dose.

[0281]

Table 2

[0282]

[0285] The oral product has a volume of 30 mL or 60 mL per single dose.

[0283]

[0286] Add all the active ingredients to water and stir the resulting mixture until a uniform dispersion or a clear solution is obtained. Then, package the product in bottles, with each single dose containing 30 or 60 mL of liquid.

[0284]

[0287] Example 2 - Oral liquid formulation containing L-theanine: ginseng in a ratio of 15:1 Prepare an oral product in liquid form containing the following ingredients. Water L-theanine Vitamin C Ginseng extract Echinacea Vitamin D Lemon balm

[0285]

[0288] The amount of L-theanine is about 600 mg per single dose, and the amount of ginseng is about 40 mg per single dose. The amount of vitamin C is about 200 mg per single dose, and the amount of vitamin D is about 0.01 mg per single dose. The amount of Echinacea is about 200 mg per single dose, and the amount of lemon balm is about 40 mg per single dose. The oral product has a volume of 60 mL per single dose.

[0286]

[0289] The oral product is prepared as shown in Example 1.

[0287]

[0290] Example 3-2: A liquid dosage form containing vitamin C:ginseng in a ratio of 1:1 Prepare an oral product in liquid form containing the following ingredients: water L-theanine Vitamin C Ginseng extract Echinacea genus Vitamin D Chamomile extract

[0288]

[0291] The amount of L-theanine per dose is approximately 300 mg. The amount of vitamin C per dose is approximately 400 mg, and the amount of ginseng per dose is approximately 200 mg. The amount of Echinacea per dose is approximately 100 mg, and the amount of chamomile extract per dose is approximately 30 mg. The amount of vitamin D per dose is approximately 0.001 mg. The oral product has a volume of 60 mL per dose.

[0289]

[0292] The oral product is prepared as shown in Example 1.

[0290]

[0293] Example 4 - Oral product - Liquid dosage form containing selenium Prepare an oral product in liquid form containing the following ingredients per dose:

[0291] [Table 3]

[0292]

[0294] The oral product has a volume of 60 mL per dose.

[0293]

[0295] All active ingredients are added to water, and the resulting mixture is stirred until a uniform dispersion or clear solution is obtained. The product is then packaged in bottles, each containing 60 mL of liquid.

[0294]

[0296] Examples 5 - 15: Liquid dosage forms containing L - theanine: ginseng in a ratio of 1:1 Prepare an oral product in liquid form containing the following components. Water L - theanine Vitamin C Ginseng extract Echinacea Selenium Lemon balm extract

[0295]

[0297] The amount of L - theanine is about 600 mg per dose, the amount of ginseng is about 40 mg per dose. The amount of vitamin C is about 200 mg per dose, and the amount of selenium is about 0.02 mg per dose. The amount of Echinacea is about 200 mg per dose, and the amount of lemon balm is about 40 mg per dose. The oral product has a volume of 60 mL per dose.

[0296]

[0298] Prepare the oral product as shown in Example 4.

[0297]

[0299] Examples 6 - 3:1 Liquid dosage forms containing vitamin C: ginseng in a ratio of 3:1 Prepare an oral product in liquid form containing the following components. Water L - theanine Vitamin C Ginseng extract Echinacea Selenium Chamomile extract Lemon balm extract

[0298]

[0300] Each serving contains approximately 200 mg of L-theanine, 300 mg of vitamin C, 100 mg of ginseng, 100 mg of echinacea extract, 30 mg of chamomile extract, 0.02 mg of selenium, and 60 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0299]

[0301] The oral product has a volume of 60 mL per dose.

[0300]

[0302] The oral product is prepared as shown in Example 4.

[0301]

[0303] Example 7-3: Liquid dosage form containing vitamin C:ginseng in a 1:3 ratio Prepare an oral product in liquid form containing the following ingredients: water L-theanine Vitamin C Ginseng extract Echinacea genus Vitamin D Chamomile extract Lemon balm extract

[0302]

[0304] Each serving contains approximately 200 mg of L-theanine, 300 mg of vitamin C, 100 mg of ginseng, 40 mg of echinacea extract, 20 mg of chamomile extract, 0.001 mg of vitamin D, and 60 mg of lemon balm extract.

[0303]

[0305] The oral product has a volume of 60 mL per dose.

[0304]

[0306] The oral product is prepared as shown in Example 4.

[0305]

[0307] Example 8 - Results of Consumer Tests A study was conducted to compare the oral product prepared according to Example 7 with a placebo (a shot without the active substance). A blinded study was conducted in which one group of participants ingested the Example 7 shot, while a second group of participants received the placebo product. This study investigated the acute effects of the liquid dosage form on measurements of alertness, sense of control, and drowsiness approximately two hours after ingestion. Measurements of alertness and sense of control were taken after completion of a controlled, emotionally stimulating (mildly stressful / frustrating / difficult) computer game.

[0306]

[0308] The following factors were evaluated.

[0307] [Table 4]

[0308]

[0309] Participants in the study (n=48 in total for Example 7 and the placebo group) were aged 29–45 years and considered healthy adults. Inclusion criteria included willingness to participate and self-reported good health status (using the Zung scale). Key exclusion criteria included a Zung scale score >59, nicotine and CBD use, allergies to ingredients listed on the formulation, heavy caffeine consumption (>400 mg / day), heavy alcohol consumption (>14 units / week), recreational and prescription drug use, pregnancy or lactation / breast expressing, self-reported moderate to severe anxiety / depression, self-reported sleep disturbances / night shifts, and the presence of life events likely to induce unstable / fluctuating moods (e.g., job change, relocation, overseas travel, divorce, surgery). Participants refrained from any food or drink within one hour prior to the study. Baseline measurements were performed before administration of any product. These baseline measurements were taken 5 minutes after participants arrived at the study (i.e., with a 5-minute waiting period). Baseline measurements were those of the previously mentioned endpoint. Next, each participant ingested one of the oral products. The products were tested using a double-blind approach.

[0309]

[0310] After ingestion, participants watched a 45-minute documentary before being asked to complete the same test procedure as at baseline. After the intermediate measurement, participants watched a second 40-minute documentary and were then asked to complete the test procedure again before taking a stressor (a computer game designed to induce controlled emotional activation (Stroop test)). Endpoint measurements were taken immediately after the stressor, and again approximately 15 minutes and 30 minutes after the stressor. Participants watched the documentary between each measurement point.

[0310]

[0311] The research results are shown in Figures 1 to 5.

[0311]

[0312] As can be seen from the results above, participants given the liquid dosage form of Example 7 reported higher alertness, a sense of control, and reduced drowsiness compared to the placebo group. Placebo results are marked with "P" in the figure. While we do not wish to be constrained by theory, the combination of active ingredients as defined herein is thought to be capable of achieving these effects.

[0312]

[0313] Subjective sleepiness was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). The oral product in Example 7 showed significantly lower fatigue / sleepiness compared to placebo. This reduction in fatigue was significantly different to placebo over time in the study. The results are shown in Figure 5, which shows the overall results for all time points after combined intake.

[0313]

[0314] The perception of being "in control"—measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS)—indicated that participants perceived themselves as being in a more "controlled" state compared to the placebo group. The results are shown in Figures 2 and 4. Figure 4 shows the combined overall results for both the placebo and the oral product of Example 7 for all post-ingestion time points shown in Figure 2.

[0314]

[0315] Perceived arousal, as measured by the Arousal-Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS), was significantly higher compared to placebo. This mitigation of arousal reduction was significantly different from placebo at each time point and over time in the study. The results are shown in Figures 1 and 3. Figure 3 shows the overall results for both placebo and the oral product of Example 7 at all post-ingestion time points shown in Figure 1.

[0315]

[0316] Significant improvements in the main effect were observed for multiple endpoints compared to placebo. Interestingly, higher levels of alertness and lower levels of drowsiness were observed compared to placebo, indicating that the liquid dosage form of the present invention provides relaxation, mood maintenance, and stress management without sedation or drowsiness.

[0316]

[0317] The various embodiments described herein are presented solely to aid in understanding and teaching the claimed features. These embodiments are provided only as representative examples of embodiments and are not exhaustive or exclusive. The advantages, embodiments, examples, functions, features, structures, and / or other aspects described herein should not be considered limitations to the scope of the invention as defined by the claims or to equivalents of the claims, and it should be understood that other embodiments may be used and modified without departing from the scope of the claimed invention. Various embodiments of the invention may appropriately include, consist of, or essentially consist of, appropriate combinations of disclosed elements, components, features, parts, steps, means, etc., other than those specifically described herein. In addition, this disclosure may include other inventions that are not currently claimed but may be claimed in the future.

[0317] Further embodiments are defined in the following numbered sections. 1. A liquid oral product containing a combination of active ingredients, wherein the combination of active ingredients is (i) L-theanine and (ii) Ginseng and, (iii) Vitamin C and, (iv) Echinacea species and, in some cases, (v) vitamin D Liquid oral products, including those containing liquids. 2. The liquid oral product described in item 1, wherein L-theanine is present in an amount of approximately 0.01% to approximately 15% by weight of the oral product. 3. The liquid oral product according to item 1 or 2, wherein ginseng is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the oral product. 4. A liquid oral product as described in any one of items 1 to 3, wherein vitamin C is present in an amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 10% by weight of the oral product, and if vitamin D is present, vitamin D is present in an amount of approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.01% by weight of the oral product. 5. A liquid oral product according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the genus Echinacea is present in an amount of approximately 0.001% to approximately 20% by weight of the oral product. 6. A liquid oral product as described in any one of items 1 to 5, containing vitamin C and L-theanine in a weight ratio of approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1. 7. A liquid oral product according to any one of items 1 to 6, containing L-theanine and ginseng in a weight ratio of approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1. 8. A liquid oral product according to any one of items 1 to 7, containing Echinacea species and L-theanine in a weight ratio of approximately 1:10 to approximately 25:1. 9. A liquid oral product according to any one of items 1 to 9, further comprising lemon balm, wherein the combination of active ingredients may be present in an amount of approximately 0.01% to approximately 3% by weight of the oral product. 10. The liquid oral product described in item 9, wherein L-theanine and lemon balm are present in a weight ratio of approximately 1:10 to approximately 35:1. 11. A liquid oral product according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein ginseng and lemon balm are present in a weight ratio of approximately 1:10 to approximately 10:1. 12. A liquid oral product according to any one of items 1 to 11, wherein the combination of active ingredients further comprises chamomile extract in an amount of approximately 0.001% to approximately 1% by weight of the oral product. 13. The liquid oral product described in item 12, wherein L-theanine and chamomile extract are present in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to approximately 100:1. 14. The liquid oral product according to item 12 or 13, wherein ginseng and chamomile extracts are present in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to approximately 25:1. 15. A liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of flavoring agents, sweeteners, acidifying agents, preservatives, and mixtures thereof. 16. A liquid oral product according to any one of items 1 to 15, wherein the oral product further contains zinc or zinc gluconate, and in some cases, zinc or zinc gluconate is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2% by weight of the oral product. 17. A liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the liquid oral product has a liquid volume of about 1 mL to about 200 mL, preferably about 20 mL to about 100 mL. 18. A liquid oral product according to any one of items 1 to 17, wherein the oral product contains a combination of active ingredients in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the oral product. 19. A liquid oral product as described in any one of items 1 to 18, wherein the oral product contains water in an amount of approximately 50% to approximately 99.9% by weight of the oral product. 20. The combination of active ingredients is (i) L-theanine, (ii) Ginseng, (iii) Vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea, (v) Vitamin D, and (vi) Chamomile extract, in some cases, and / or (vii) Lemon balm A liquid oral product as described in any one of items 1 to 19, including: 21. The combination of active ingredients is (i) Approximately 25 mg to 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) Ginseng, approximately 10 mg to 500 mg (iii) Approximately 50 mg to 500 mg of vitamin C, (iv) Approximately 10 mg to 1500 mg of the genus Echinacea, (v) In some cases, approximately 0.001 mg to approximately 1 mg of vitamin D, (vi) In some cases, approximately 1 mg to approximately 100 mg of chamomile extract, and / or (vii) Lemon balm extract (approximately 1 mg to 200 mg) A liquid oral product as described in any one of items 1 to 20, including the liquid oral product described in any one of items 1 to 20. 22. A process for preparing a liquid oral product as described in any one of paragraphs 1 to 21, comprising: (a) a step of combining active ingredients, wherein the active ingredients comprise (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) the genus Echinacea, and optionally (v) vitamin D; (b) a step of bringing the active ingredients into contact with water; and (c) a step of mixing the active ingredients with water to prepare a liquid oral product. 23. Use of a combination of active ingredients for enhancing or supporting the immune response of a human or animal, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D, and preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product as described in any one of items 1 to 21. 24. Use of a combination of active ingredients to support the resilience of a human or animal to infection, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea, and optionally (v) vitamin D, and preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product as described in any one of items 1 to 21.

Claims

1. The combination of active ingredients is, (i) L-theanine and (ii) Ginseng and, (iii) Vitamin C and, (iv) Echinacea species and, in some cases, (v) vitamin D or selenium Liquid oral products, including those containing liquids.

2. The liquid oral product according to claim 1, wherein the L-theanine is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of the oral product.

3. The liquid oral product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ginseng is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the oral product.

4. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vitamin C is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the oral product, and if vitamin D is present, the vitamin D is present in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 0.1% by weight of the oral product.

5. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vitamin C is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the oral product, and if selenium is present, the selenium is present in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 0.001% by weight of the oral product.

6. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the genus Echinacea is present in the oral product in an amount of about 0.001% to about 20% by weight.

7. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the vitamin C and L-theanine are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:

1.

8. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the L-theanine and ginseng are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 35:

1.

9. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the genus Echinacea and L-theanine are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 25:

1.

10. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising lemon balm, wherein the aforementioned combination of active ingredients is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the oral product, in some cases.

11. The liquid oral product according to claim 10, wherein the L-theanine and lemon balm are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 35:

1.

12. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the ginseng and lemon balm are present in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:

1.

13. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the above combination of active ingredients further comprises chamomile extract in an amount of about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of the oral product, in some cases.

14. The liquid oral product according to claim 13, wherein the L-theanine and chamomile extract are present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 100:

1.

15. The liquid oral product according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the ginseng and chamomile extracts are present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 25:

1.

16. A liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of flavoring agents, sweeteners, acidifying agents, preservatives, and mixtures thereof.

17. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the oral product further comprises zinc or zinc gluconate, and optionally the zinc or zinc gluconate is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 2% by weight of the oral product.

18. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the liquid oral product has a liquid volume of about 1 mL to about 200 mL, preferably about 20 mL to about 100 mL.

19. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the oral product comprises the combination of active ingredients in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the oral product.

20. The liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the oral product contains water in an amount of about 50% to about 99.9% by weight of the oral product.

21. The above combination of active ingredients is (i) L-theanine, (ii) Ginseng, (iii) Vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea, (v) Vitamin D or selenium, (vi) Chamomile extract, in some cases, and / or (vii) Lemon balm A liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising:

22. The above combination of active ingredients is (i) Approximately 25 mg to 2000 mg of L-theanine, (ii) Ginseng, approximately 10 mg to 500 mg (iii) Approximately 10 mg to 500 mg of Vitamin C, (iv) Approximately 10 mg to 1500 mg of the genus Echinacea, (v) In some cases, about 0.001 mg to about 50 mg of vitamin D or about 0.001 mg to about 0.2 mg of selenium, In some cases (vi) about 1 mg to about 100 mg of chamomile extract, and / or (vii) Approximately 1 mg to 200 mg of lemon balm extract A liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 21, comprising:

23. A process for preparing a liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 22, (a) A step of combining active ingredients, wherein the active ingredients include (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium. (b) The step of bringing the active ingredient into contact with water, (c) The step of mixing the active ingredient with water to prepare the liquid oral product. A process that includes this.

24. Use of a combination of active ingredients for enhancing or supporting the immune response of a human or animal, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium, and preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

25. Use of a combination of active ingredients to support the resilience of a human or animal to infection, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium, and preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

26. Use of a combination of active ingredients for improving alertness in humans or animals, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea species, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium, and preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

27. Use of a combination of active ingredients for improving the sense of control in a human or animal, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium, and preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

28. Use of a combination of active ingredients for reducing drowsiness in humans or animals, wherein the combination of active ingredients comprises (i) L-theanine, (ii) ginseng, (iii) vitamin C, (iv) Echinacea, and optionally (v) vitamin D or selenium, and preferably the combination of active ingredients is present in a liquid oral product according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

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