Hydrogen generation device

Abstract

An electrolytic cell device (1) of the type that uses anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) technology for hydrogen production, comprising: at least one support frame (2) which is substantially laid out in layers and has at least two seat portions (3) defined on the same support frame (2) so as not to overlap with each other; at least two electrochemical modules (10), each electrochemical module (10) which is mounted on a corresponding seat portion (3) and each electrochemical module (10) which includes an anion exchange separation membrane (11) interposed between two electrodes which are an anode (12) and a cathode (13), and at least the separation membranes (11) of the at least two electrochemical modules (10) which are structurally distinct and separated from each other; and means (20) for applying electrical energy to the electrodes (12, 13) of each electrochemical module (10).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrochemical device for hydrogen production. In particular, the present invention relates to a device for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water or, in any case, an aqueous solution.

Background Art

[0002] Water electrolysis is a well-known technique for producing hydrogen.

[0003] Currently, the most commonly used water electrolysis techniques are roughly alkaline water electrolysis, those using a proton exchange membrane (also known as "proton exchange membrane water electrolysis" or "PEMWE"), those using an anion exchange membrane (also known as "anion exchange membrane water electrolysis" or "AEMWE"), and solid oxide electrolysis (also known as "solid oxide electrolysis" or "SOE").

[0004] Alkaline electrolyzers and PEMWE electrolyzers are currently the most advanced and commercialized. Alkaline electrolyzers have the lowest installation cost, and PEMWE electrolyzers are the most compact and thus have higher current density and hydrogen discharge pressure. Solid oxide electrolyzers have the highest electrical efficiency.

[0005] AEMWE electrolyzers are representative of a recent technology that combines the advantages of alkaline and PEMWE. However, to date, AEMWE technology has only been implemented for small devices with particularly small membranes (usually with a surface spread of 20 cm × 20 cm). Larger membranes have lower mechanical stability and inferior long-term electrical performance, so currently, scaling up AEMWE electrolyzers has become very complicated.

[0006] WO2023057376A1 describes a photoelectrochemical converter comprising an electrochemical module and a photovoltaic module mounted on the electrochemical module. The electrochemical module includes an anode housing having at least two recesses separated by a partition, and at least two non-overlapping electrolytic units separated by a partition and each located in one of the recesses. Each electrolytic unit includes an electrolytic cell powered by the photovoltaic module to generate hydrogen by electrolysis of water, an anode plate and a cathode block interposed between the electrolytic cell. Each electrolytic cell comprises a proton-exchange electrolytic membrane covering the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer on opposite sides, respectively.

[0007] WO2017040625A1 describes an electrochemical cell stack comprising a plurality of planar unfolded cell modules, each module comprising an electrode, a proton exchange membrane, a separator plate, and an outflow plate.

[0008] CN111952647A describes a water electrolysis device using a modular system in which membranes and electrodes are stacked, and in particular, the system comprises multiple stacked frames, each equipped with multiple holes for installing corresponding electrode units. [Overview of the project]

[0009] The objective of this invention is to propose an electrolytic cell device for hydrogen generation that enables at least partial overcoming of the shortcomings of known solutions.

[0010] Another objective of the present invention is approximately 30 Nm 3 / h or more, preferably about 50 Nm 3 The objective is to propose an electrolytic cell device using AEMWE technology that enables hydrogen production exceeding 1 / h.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to propose an electrolytic cell device using highly scalable AEMWE technology, in particular, to increase the amount of hydrogen produced.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to propose an electrolytic cell device using AEMWE technology that has been reduced in height in particular.

[0013] Another objective of the present invention is to propose an electrolytic cell device using AEMWE technology with high hydrogen production density.

[0014] Another objective of the present invention is to propose a low-cost device.

[0015] Another objective of the present invention is to propose a device that has long-term electrical performance.

[0016] Another objective of the present invention is to propose a durable device.

[0017] Another objective of this invention is to propose a device that is particularly mechanically robust.

[0018] Another objective of the present invention is to propose a device with high mechanical and electrical performance.

[0019] Another objective of the present invention is to propose a device that can be manufactured simply, quickly, and at low cost.

[0020] Another objective of the present invention is to propose a device that can be assembled simply, quickly, and at low cost.

[0021] Another objective of the present invention is to propose a device that is simple, easy, and economical to maintain.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to propose a device that extends the duration of electrical performance without losing mechanical stability, by enabling the saving of raw materials.

[0023] Another objective of the present invention is to propose a device that can be manufactured rapidly and efficiently at an industrial level.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to propose a device that is an improvement and / or alternative to conventional solutions.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to propose a device having alternative characterizations to conventional solutions in terms of both function and implementation.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to propose a method for scaling, preferably increasing the scale, of an electrolytic cell using AEMWE technology.

[0027] All the objects described herein, considered both individually and in any combination thereof, and other objects that will become apparent from the following description, are achieved in accordance with the present invention by the device according to claim 1, and / or the equipment according to claim 23, and / or the apparatus according to claim 24, and / or the method according to claim 25.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] The present invention will be further clarified below in some of its preferred embodiments reported for purely illustrative and non-limiting purposes with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] [Figure 1] It is an exploded perspective view of the device according to the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a plan view of the frame of the device in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] It is a plan view of the first surface of the plate of the device in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] It is a plan view of the frame in FIG. 2 where the first plate is absent and the second plate is applied (as in that of FIG. 2) and is shown by a dotted line in the background. [Figure 5] It is a view showing a cross-section in the Z-Y plane of the assembled device of FIG. 1. [Figure 6]This is the same diagram as Figure 4, but with the first plate also applied to the frame (as in Figure 2). [Figure 7A] This is a diagram showing the AA section of Figure 6. [Figure 7B] This is a diagram showing the cross-section of BB (Ballpoint of BB) as shown in Figure 6. [Figure 8] This is a plan view of a first modified example of the frame of the device according to the present invention. [Figure 9] This is a plan view of a second modified example of the frame of the device according to the present invention. [Figure 10A] This is a perspective view of one side of the frame of the device according to the present invention. [Figure 10B] Figure 10A is a perspective view of another side of the frame. [Figure 11] This is the same diagram as Figure 3, but the paths defined by the corresponding channels are shown by various dotted lines. [Figure 12] This is a plan view of the support frame of Figure 10A, which is placed on the plate shown in Figure 11. [Figure 13A] This is a perspective view of a third modified example of the frame of the device according to the present invention. [Figure 13B] Figure 13A is a perspective view of another aspect of the frame. [Figure 14] This is a plan view of the first surface of the first modified example of the energized plate. [Figure 15A] This is a plan view of the first surface of a second modified example of the energized plate. [Figure 15B] Figure 15A is an exploded perspective view of the energized plate. [Figure 15C] Figure 15A is a magnified, detailed perspective view of the energized plate. [Figure 16A] This is a perspective view of a facility comprising multiple devices according to the present invention, stacked to form a so-called stack. [Figure 16B] Figure 16A shows the equipment from different viewpoints. [Figure 17] Figure 16A is a perspective view showing the internal details of the equipment. [Figure 18] Figure 17A shows a cross-section in the ZY plane of a series of devices stacked / placed on top of each other inside the equipment. [Figure 19A] This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus comprising the device according to the present invention and a fluid circuit associated with the anode and cathode portions, during the first startup period. [Figure 19B] This is a schematic diagram of the apparatus in Figure 19A during the second / next startup period. [Figure 19C] This is a schematic diagram of the apparatus shown in Figure 19A during operation, where hydrogen is generated. [Figure 20] This is the same figure as Figure 5 in the modified example where a compressed frame is provided. [Figure 21] This is a perspective view of various embodiments in which the support frame is manufactured as two or more parts. [Figure 22] This is a perspective view of various embodiments in which the support frame is manufactured as two or more parts. [Figure 23] This is a perspective view of various embodiments in which the support frame is manufactured as two or more parts. [Figure 24] This is a perspective view of various embodiments in which the support frame is manufactured as two or more parts. [Figure 25] Figures 16A and 16B are perspective views of different embodiments of the equipment. [Figure 26] This is a perspective view of an assembly of components of the equipment according to the present invention at one of the end heads. [Figure 27A] This is a perspective view of one side (anode side) of a further (fourth) modified example of the frame of the device according to the present invention. [Figure 27B] This is a perspective view of the other side (cathode side) of the frame in Figure 27A. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0030] The present invention relates to an electrolytic cell device 1 of a type configured for hydrogen production, that is, for hydrogen production by electrolysis. Device 1 is of a type configured for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water or any aqueous solution. Device 1 is an AEMWE ("anion exchange membrane water electrolysis") type electrolytic cell and therefore utilizes anion exchange membrane technology.

[0031] Device 1 comprises at least one support frame 2 that unfolds substantially in layers. In particular, the support frame 2 has a substantially layered unfolding, with the unfolding along the X and Y directions (perpendicular to each other and corresponding to the length and width directions) being significantly greater than the unfolding along the Z direction (perpendicular to the X and Y directions and corresponding to the thickness direction). Preferably, the support frame 2 does not have a periphery containment wall that unfolds perpendicular to the innermost / most central region.

[0032] The support frame 2 comprises at least two seat portions 3 defined on the frame so as not to overlap with each other. In other words, the at least two seat portions 3 are separated from each other and arranged to be distributed along the planar unfolding of the layered body (i.e., along the X and Y directions).

[0033] Conveniently, the two seat portions 3 described above are not adjacent to each other, and in particular, there is a separating portion between them.

[0034] Conveniently, the at least two seat portions 3 are defined in the substantially layered support frame 2, and as a result, one is positioned laterally to the other, not necessarily in close proximity or in close contact.

[0035] Preferably, the at least two seat portions 3 can be substantially on the same plane.

[0036] Conveniently, the two seat portions 3 may be close together or even spaced apart. Conveniently, the two seat portions 3 may be placed next to each other. Conveniently, the two seat portions 3 may be distributed on the support frame 2 so as to be in close proximity to each other, or positioned at a (somewhat significant) distance from each other. Conveniently, the at least two seat portions 3 may be distributed on the support frame 2 according to a predetermined pattern or arrangement, or distributed randomly. Conveniently, the at least two seat portions 3 may be distributed on the support frame so as to be aligned with each other along the X and / or Y directions and / or along a radial arrangement, or along the diagonals of the frame itself.

[0037] Conveniently, frame 2 may be manufactured as a single part (see Figure 2) or may also comprise and be manufactured as two or more parts 2' that can be mechanically connected to each other directly or indirectly (see, for example, Figures 21 to 24). Conveniently, parts 2' may be integrated with each other by being connected to further components that are close to each other and directly connected to each other (e.g., defined by or provided at the ends), whether in contact or not.

[0038] Conveniently, in embodiments in which a single frame 2 comprises two or more parts 2', each part 2' of the frame 2 may include at least one seat 3, in particular, one seat 3 only (see Figures 21 and 22), two seat 3s (see Figures 23 and 24), or even more than two seat 3s (in variations not illustrated herein). Conveniently, each of the at least two seat 3s of the frame 2 is obtained and / or defined by a single corresponding part.

[0039] Device 1 comprises at least two electrochemical modules 10, each mounted on a corresponding seat 3 of a support frame 2. In particular, each seat 3 of the support frame 2 is configured to accommodate a corresponding electrochemical module 10. In other words, when there is at least one first seat and at least one second seat, and at least one first electrochemical module and at least one second electrochemical module, the first electrochemical module is mounted on the first seat (i.e., inside it), while the second electrochemical module is mounted on the second seat (i.e., inside it). Preferably, each

[0040] Conveniently, since each of the at least two electrochemical modules 10 can define an electrolytic cell, the device 1 includes at least two electrolytic cells that are preferably arranged / mounted substantially on the same plane as each other and installed side by side on the same support frame 2, so as not to overlap.

[0041] Therefore, conveniently, in device 1, the electrochemical modules 10 are not stacked on top of each other along the Z direction. Essentially, in device 1, the electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 are separated from each other and distributed along the flat surface of the frame itself (i.e., along the XY direction).

[0042] Preferably, in device 1, there are at least two electrochemical modules 10 that are substantially coplanar. Preferably, in device 1, the electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 may be in close proximity and / or adjacent (preferably along the X and / or Y directions of frame 2, or ordered along the radial directions in the XY plane), or they may be located at a certain (somewhat significant) distance apart.

[0043] Each electrochemical module 10 includes its own separation membrane 11 interposed between a pair of electrodes, particularly between the anode 12 (or anode electrode) and the cathode (or cathode electrode) 13. In particular, the membrane 11 separates the cathode side from the anode side, or vice versa, inside the corresponding electrochemical module 10.

[0044] In particular, in device 1, each (at least) membrane 11 of the electrochemical module 10 is structurally distinct and isolated from one another. Preferably, in device 1, Each membrane 11 of the electrochemical module 10 is structurally distinct and isolated from one another. • Each corresponding anode (anode electrode) 12 of the electrochemical module 10 is structurally distinct and separated from each other, and It can be seen that each corresponding cathode (cathode electrode) 12 of the electrochemical module 10 is structurally distinct and separated from one another.

[0045] Preferably, the device 1 comprises at least two electrochemical modules 10 that are structurally separate from each other and mounted adjacent to each other, and more preferably mounted on the same frame 2 so as to be substantially coplanar.

[0046] Conveniently, each electrochemical module 10 can define an electrolytic cell in which the membrane 11 of the corresponding module divides the cell itself into two half-cells, namely an anode half-cell containing the anode 12 and a cathode half-cell containing the cathode 13.

[0047] Therefore, device 1 includes at least two electrolytic cells mounted side by side inside corresponding seat portions 3 of the same frame 2, preferably mounted substantially on the same plane as each other.

[0048] Conveniently, in conventional methods, once a potential difference is applied between the two electrodes of each electrochemical module 10 (as will be described in more detail later), the conventional electrolytic process proceeds with the following half-reactions. • Half-reactions in the cathode (cathode half-cell): 2H2O + 2e - →H2+2OH - • Half-reactions in the anode (anode half-cell): H2O → 1 / 2O2 + 2H + +2e -

[0049] Each electrochemical module 10's membrane 11 is structurally distinct and isolated from the membranes of other electrochemical modules 10 that are arranged / mounted on the same support frame 2.

[0050] Each membrane 11 of the electrochemical module 10 is an anion exchange membrane. Preferably, each membrane 11 of the electrochemical module 10 is made from a non-conductive polymer material. Preferably, each membrane 11 of the electrochemical module 10 is permeable to porous / aqueous solutions but substantially impermeable to gases. Preferably, each membrane 11 of the electrochemical module 10 is generated at two electrodes and defines a physical barrier between two immiscible gases, namely hydrogen and oxygen, thanks to the presence of the membrane 11. Preferably, the membrane 11 is substantially uniform or has a continuous interior / center and, in particular, does not have holes or openings in the center.

[0051] Preferably, the anode 12 of each electrochemical module 10 is structurally separate and isolated from the anodes of other electrochemical modules 10 arranged / mounted on the same support frame 2.

[0052] Preferably, the cathode 13 of each electrochemical module 10 is structurally separate and isolated from the cathodes of other electrochemical modules 10 arranged / mounted on the same support frame 2.

[0053] Device 1 also further includes means 20 for transmitting and / or applying electrical energy to electrodes 12, 13 of each electrochemical module 10. Preferably, means 20 may be configured to supply / conduct current to electrodes 12, 13. Conveniently, means 20 may be configured to supply / apply voltage to electrodes.

[0054] Preferably, the means 20 is configured to supply current, more preferably direct current, to the at least two electrochemical modules 10, and more specifically, the means 20 is configured to expose the electrodes 12, 13 of each electrochemical module 10 to a potential difference.

[0055] Preferably, the means 20 comprises a pair of plates, which are a first plate 21 and a second plate 22, with the support frame 2 for at least two electrochemical modules 10 interposed between them. Preferably, plates 21 and 22 are energized plates.

[0056] In particular, plates 21 and 22 are connected to a current source, and by transferring current to electrodes 12 and 13, they create a potential difference between the electrodes of each electrochemical module 10.

[0057] Conveniently, each or at least one of the two plates 21 and 22 may be a bipolar plate.

[0058] Preferably, plates 21 and 22 are configured to supply direct current to all electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2. For this purpose, conveniently, plates 21 and 22 have a surface extent that affects all electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2. Preferably, plates 21 and 22 may have a surface extent slightly smaller than that of the frame 2.

[0059] Preferably, plates 21 and 22 are made from a conductive material. Preferably, plates 21 and 22 are made from a conductive metallic material. Preferably, plates 21 and 22 are made from a material resistant to alkaline environments. More preferably, plates 21 and 22 may be made from steel, for example, AISI 316L or AISI 310S stainless steel, nickel Ni, or nickel-plated carbon steel. Preferably, plates 21 and 22 are configured (with respect to shape and / or thickness and / or material) to withstand an internal relative pressure of at least 25 bar of gas.

[0060] In possible embodiments, the cathode 13, membrane 11, and anode 12 of each electrochemical module 10 are in parallel with each other. Preferably, the cathode 13, membrane 11, and anode 12 of each electrochemical module 10 are defined by three distinct components that are placed on top of each other during positioning within the corresponding seat 3 of the frame 2, which is intended to house the corresponding module electrochemical module 10. In other words, the cathode 13, membrane 11, and anode 12 of each electrochemical module 10 are positioned vertically during assembly and mounting / positioning of each electrochemical module 10 on the frame 2. Preferably, the cathode 13, membrane 11, and anode 12 do not define a monolithic component.

[0061] Preferably, the membrane 11 of each electrochemical module 10 is inserted while already wet inside the corresponding seat 3 of the frame 2 intended to house the corresponding electrochemical module 10. Preferably, the anode 12 and / or cathode 13 of each module electrochemical module 10 is inserted while already wet inside the corresponding seat 3 of the frame 2 intended to house the corresponding electrochemical module 10.

[0062] In possible embodiments, an assembly comprising two electrodes 12, 13 and a membrane 11 may be defined by a membrane electrode assembly / set, also known as a "MEA" or "membrane electrode assembly." Conveniently, the electrodes may be directly attached to the membrane 11. Conveniently, in possible embodiments, one of the two electrodes 12 or 13 may be fabricated integrally with the membrane 11.

[0063] Preferably, each electrochemical module 10 may also further comprise a pair of electrode supports, which are an anode support 14 for the anode 12 and a cathode support 15 for the cathode 13. In particular, the anode support 14 is positioned in contact with the anode 12, while the cathode support 15 is positioned in contact with the cathode 13.

[0064] Therefore, conveniently, each electrochemical module 10 may comprise the following components placed on top of each other in the following order: • Cathode holder 15 for cathode, Cathode 13, · Separation membrane 11, • Anode 12, • Anode holder 14 for anodes.

[0065] Preferably, the supports 14 and 15 for the electrodes 12 and 13 of each electrochemical module 10 are provided with through-holes or pores that run from side to side across the entire thickness of the support itself (for example, they may have a cross-section of approximately 1 nm to 1 cm), thereby allowing the aqueous solution to pass to the corresponding electrodes 12 and 13. Preferably, the supports 14 and 15 for the electrodes 12 and 13 of each electrochemical module 10 are made of a conductive material, more preferably a conductive metallic material, thereby transferring the current from the respective plates 21 and 22 to the corresponding electrodes. Preferably, the supports 14 and 15 of each electrochemical module 10 are made of a material resistant to alkaline environments. More preferably, the supports 14 and 15 of each electrochemical module 10 may be made of steel, for example, AISI316L or AISI310S stainless steel, nickel Ni, or nickel-plated carbon steel. Preferably, the supports 14, 15 of each electrochemical module 10 are configured (with respect to shape and / or thickness and / or material) to withstand corresponding mutually opposing pressures of, for example, approximately 25 bar. Conveniently, the supports 14, 15 of each electrochemical module 10 may have the features described for electrode holders in WO2021 / 214318, the contents of which are intended to be incorporated herein by reference.

[0066] Device 1 further includes means for fluidly connecting the at least two electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2.

[0067] Preferably, the fluid connection means between at least two electrochemical modules 10 is configured to bring an aqueous solution 31 to each of the at least two electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2, thereby wetting all electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 with the aqueous solution 31.

[0068] Conveniently, aqueous solution 31 is an electrolyte. Conveniently, aqueous solution 31 can be any aqueous solution containing an alkaline or basic electrolyte. Preferably, aqueous solution 31 is an alkaline aqueous solution containing, for example, potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or other alkali salts in amounts between 1% and 30% by weight, or optionally, pure water / distilled water.

[0069] Preferably, the fluid connection means between at least two electrochemical modules 10 of device 1 comprises a first internal circuit 37 configured on the anode 12 side to fluidly connect the electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 to each other. Conveniently, the aqueous solution 31 is circulating in the first internal circuit 37, thereby wetting all electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 with the aqueous solution 31 from the anode 12 side. Conveniently, during the operation of device 1 (i.e., after electrical energy, preferably current, is applied to the electrodes), oxygen generated at the cathodes 13 of all electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 can circulate within the first internal circuit 37.

[0070] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment, the first internal circuit 37 may comprise a first passage 32 obtained at least partially on the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22. Conveniently, in a possible embodiment, the first internal circuit 37 may include a first passage 32 obtained at least partially or exclusively on the frame 2 (see Figure 27A). Conveniently, in a possible embodiment, the first internal circuit 37 may include a first passage 32 obtained partially on the frame 2 and partially on the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22.

[0071] Conveniently, the first internal circuit 37 may be configured to be fluidly connected at input and output to a first external fluid circuit C1 outside the device 1, as will become clearer later. Conveniently, for this purpose, the first internal circuit 37 may include at least a first opening A1 and / or at least a second opening A2, which are obtained on the frame 2 and / or on the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22 and are in fluid communication with the first passage 32 of the first internal circuit 37. Preferably, the first opening A1 and the second opening A2 are obtained at two opposite ends of the frame 2 and / or the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22, more preferably at diagonally opposite ends.

[0072] Preferably, sealing means are provided in the at least one first opening A1 and / or the at least one second opening A2 (for example, a gasket preferably inserted into a suitable receiving recess) to prevent leakage of fluid (in particular, aqueous solution 31) outside the first internal circuit 37.

[0073] Preferably, the fluid connection means between at least two electrochemical modules 10 of device 1 includes a second internal circuit 38 configured on the cathode 13 side to fluidly connect the electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 to each other.

[0074] Conveniently, during the startup period of device 1 (i.e., before electrical energy is applied to the electrodes), the aqueous solution 31 or distilled water or pure water may circulate within the second internal circuit 38, thereby wetting all electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 from the cathode 13 side with the aqueous solution 31. Conveniently, during the operation of device 1 (i.e., after electrical energy is applied to electrodes 12 and 13), hydrogen generated at the cathodes 13 of all electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 may circulate within the second internal circuit 38. Conveniently, the second internal circuit 38 may be configured to be fluidly connected at the input and output, respectively, to a second external fluid circuit C2 outside device 1, as will become clearer later.

[0075] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment, the second internal circuit 38 may comprise a second passage 80 obtained at least partially on the second plate 22 and / or the first plate 21. Conveniently, in a possible embodiment, the second internal circuit 38 may include a second passage 80 obtained at least partially or exclusively on the frame 2 (see Figure 27B). Conveniently, in a possible embodiment, the second internal circuit 38 may include a second passage 80 obtained partially on the frame 2 and partially on the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22.

[0076] Conveniently, the second internal circuit 38 may be configured to be fluidly connected at input and output to the first external fluid circuit C1 outside the device 1, as will become clearer later. Conveniently, for this purpose, the second internal circuit 38 may include at least a third opening A3, preferably at least two third openings A3, which are obtained on the frame 2 and / or on the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22 and are in fluid communication with the second passage 80 of the second internal circuit 38. Preferably, the third openings A3 are obtained at two opposite ends of the frame 2 and / or the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22, more preferably at diagonally opposite ends. Preferably, at least one of the third openings A3 is provided with sealing means (for example, a gasket preferably inserted into a suitable receiving recess) to prevent leakage of fluid (in particular of the aqueous solution 31 during startup and of hydrogen during operation) outside the second internal circuit 38.

[0077] Conveniently, during the startup period, one third opening A3 acts as an inlet for the aqueous solution 31 (or other inert gas) introduced to the cathode 13 side, while the other third opening A3 acts as an outlet for the aqueous solution 31 (or other inert gas) introduced to the cathode 13 side.

[0078] As noted, in the illustrated possible and preferred embodiments, the first internal circuit 37 is located on means 20 for transmitting and / or applying electrical energy to the electrodes 12, 13 of each electrochemical module 10. Preferably, the internal circuit 37 is located on at least one of the plates 21, 22 that transmit current to the at least two electrochemical modules 10.

[0079] Conveniently, the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22 each have at least one first passage 32 on one of their two surfaces configured to bring the aqueous solution 31 to the anode side of each of the two electrochemical modules 10 mounted substantially coplanar on the same frame 2. In particular, the at least one first passage 32 is configured to wet all of the electrochemical modules 10 mounted adjacent to each other on the same frame 2, preferably substantially coplanar to each other, with the aqueous solution 31.

[0080] Conveniently, the at least one first passage 32 is open and, in particular, has a substantially concave lateral contour in the portion that extends over the upper part of the electrochemical module 10, thereby allowing the aqueous solution 31 to flow out. Preferably, the at least one first passage 32 has a concave lateral contour along the entire length of the channel itself.

[0081] Preferably, the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22 may have a first opening 33 for the passage of the aqueous solution 31 and a second opening 34 for the passage of the aqueous solution 31. Conveniently, the first opening 33 and / or the second opening 34 also define a passage at the anode 12 for the outflow of oxygen produced after the electrolytic reaction.

[0082] Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, the first opening 33 and the second opening 34 are obtained at two opposite ends of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22, more preferably at diagonally opposite ends.

[0083] Preferably, in a possible embodiment, the first port 33 is provided for the inlet of the aqueous solution 31 and is fluidly connected to the inlet end of the at least one first passage 32, while the second port 34 is provided for the outlet of the aqueous solution 31 and is fluidly connected to the outlet end of the at least one first passage 32.

[0084] Conveniently, the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22 may also further comprise at least a third port 35, more preferably two third ports 35, for the outflow of hydrogen generated in the cathode 13. Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiment, the two third ports 35 are obtained at two opposite ends of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22, more preferably at diagonally opposite ends.

[0085] In particular, in possible embodiments, a first plate 21 located on the anode 12 side and preferably on the anode support 14 includes at least a first passage 32 for the passage of an aqueous solution 31 to wet the electrochemical module 10 on the first surface 21' (i.e., on the surface facing the anode 12).

[0086] More specifically, preferably, the at least one first passage 32 defines a first internal circuit 37 configured to bring an aqueous solution 31 to the anode 12 of each of the two electrochemical modules 10 mounted substantially coplanar on the same frame 2.

[0087] Conveniently, the at least one first passage 32 may be defined by a groove. Conveniently, the at least one first passage 32 may be obtained by mechanically engraving on the first surface 21' of the first plate 21.

[0088] Preferably, the other / second surface 21'' of the first plate 21 (opposite to the first surface 21') may be substantially flat and continuous, or in any case may not have grooves for the outflow of the aqueous solution 31.

[0089] Preferably, in possible embodiments, the second plate 22 may be identical to the first plate 21 in terms of the shape, dimensions and features of the corresponding surfaces in particular. In particular, corresponding to the first plate 21, the second plate 22 may include a first surface 22' from which the at least one first passage 32 is obtained, and a second surface'' which is substantially free of the first passage 32 and preferably substantially continuous or flat.

[0090] Conveniently, in possible embodiments, the first surface 21' of the first plate 21, which is the surface having at least one first passage 32, faces the anode 12 and preferably contacts the anode support 14, while the second surface 22'' of the second plate 22, which is the surface without the first passage 32 and preferably substantially smooth, faces in the direction of the cathode 13 and preferably contacts the cathode support 15.

[0091] In a possible embodiment illustrated (see Figure 3), the first internal circuit 37 includes a plurality of first passages 32 (e.g., five passages 32), each having an inlet end fluidly connected to a first port 33 for the entry of an aqueous solution 31, and each opposite outlet end fluidly connected to a second port 34 for the discharge of the aqueous solution 31. The first passages 32 are fluidly separated from and independent of each other along their respective paths defined between the first port 33 and the second port 34. Preferably, each of the plurality of first passages 32 defines a substantially meandering path through and including two or more adjacent and spaced-apart electrochemical modules 10 between the first port 33 and the second port 34, from which the aqueous solution 31 can flow out onto the electrochemical modules 10.

[0092] In a possible embodiment illustrated (see Figure 14), the first circuit 37 may comprise a plurality of interlocking first passages 32. In particular, the first circuit 37 may include two groups of first passages 32, each consisting of a first passage of a first group 32' and a first passage of a second group 32'', where the two groups are arranged such that the channels of the first group 32' are inserted between the channels of the second group 32'' and vice versa. Furthermore, the channels of the first group 32' are fluid-connected only to a first port 33, while the channels of the second group 32'' are fluid-connected only to a second port 34. In this case, therefore, the fluid connection between the first port 33 and the second port 34 occurs through the through-holes / pores of the anode support 14 for the anode 12, and in particular, the aqueous solution 31 flows through the anode support 14, which is provided with through-holes / pores and is in contact with and fluidly connected to the channels of both groups 32' and 32'', from the channels of the first group 32' to the channels of the second group 32'' (or vice versa).

[0093] In another possible embodiment (see Figures 15A-15C), plate 21 and / or plate 22 are made from three metal sheets 57, 58 and 59, preferably laser-cut and laser-crafted metal sheets, which overlap each other and are integrally fixed at corresponding outer edges (preferably by welding). In particular, in addition to slits defining a first opening 33, a second opening 34 and a third opening 35, corresponding through-cuts are made on the first sheet 57 (facing the anode 12 and preferably in contact with the anode support 14) and the second intermediate sheet 58, i.e., a first cut 64' on the first sheet 57 and a second cut 64'' on the second sheet 58, respectively, while the third sheet 59 (facing the cathode 13 and preferably in contact with the cathode support 15) has no cuts, thereby substantially defining a continuous / gapless wall. Conveniently, the configuration of the first notch 64' and the second notch 64'' defines a first passage 32 for the aqueous solution 31, having both a closed portion and a portion defined between the first sheet 57 and the third sheet 59, and further having a portion having an open portion defined by the first notch 64' obtained on the first sheet 57 for the aqueous solution 31 to flow toward the anode 12 of the electrochemical module 10.

[0094] As described, in possible embodiments, the first passage 32 for bringing the aqueous solution 31 to the anode portion of each of the at least two electrochemical modules 10 may be obtained entirely or partially on the same frame 2, and the at least two electrochemical modules 10 are mounted on the frame 2 so as to be substantially coplanar. For example, as illustrated in the embodiments of Figures 8 and 9, the frame 2 may include an inlet 23 (which may have a circular or annular cross-section) for the aqueous solution 31, the inlet is then fluidly connected by the corresponding first passage 32 to each seat portion 3 (provided on the frame 2) for mounting the corresponding electrochemical module 10, thereby wetting each electrochemical module 10 mounted on the frame 2 with the aqueous solution 31. Preferably, the inlet 23 is surrounded by the seat portions 3, and the first passage 32 extends radially outward from the inlet 23. Preferably, the inlet 23 is obtained at the center of the frame 2. Preferably, the first passage 32 can be defined by a recess or indentation obtained on the frame 2. For example, in another possible embodiment (see Figure 27A), the frame 2 may include a first circuit 37 having a plurality of first passages 32 defined on one face (particularly on the anode side face) by suitable recesses or indentations obtained on the frame 2.

[0095] As mentioned, in a possible and preferred embodiment illustrated (see, for example, Figure 27B), the second internal circuit 38 is obtained on the frame 2. Conveniently, the frame 2 includes at least a second passage 80 configured on one of its two faces (particularly on the cathode-side face) to release hydrogen produced on the cathode side of each of the two electrochemical modules 10 and / or to bring an aqueous solution 31 and / or other inert gas to the cathode side of each of the two electrochemical modules 10 mounted substantially coplanar on the same frame 2. Preferably, the at least one second passage 80 is configured to collect hydrogen produced on the cathode side of each of the electrochemical modules 10 mounted on the same frame 2 and to bring it toward the at least one third opening A3. Preferably, the at least one second passage 80 is configured to wet all of the electrochemical modules 10 mounted adjacent to each other on the same frame 2, preferably substantially coplanar, with the aqueous solution 31.

[0096] Preferably, the second passage 80 includes a recessed portion obtained on the second surface 51 of the frame 2. Preferably, the recessed portion is obtained between closely spaced through-openings 40 and / or between each third gap 45 and at least one closely spaced through-opening 40. Preferably, the second passage 80 is in direct communication with the cathode support 15 of each electrochemical module 10 inserted into each corresponding through-opening 40.

[0097] Conveniently, during operation, hydrogen generated at cathode 13 may be circulated in the second passage 80. Conveniently, during startup, the second passage 80 may circulate aqueous solution 31 coming from the second circuit C2 (as will become clearer later), which in turn wets / moistens cathode 13.

[0098] Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, the multiple seating areas 3 may be adjacent and also spaced apart / separated in the frame 2, each of which is provided for the assembly and housing of only one corresponding electrochemical module 10.

[0099] Preferably, the device 1 comprises an electrochemical module 10 in a number corresponding to the number of seat portions 3 provided in the frame 2.

[0100] Preferably, the support frame 2 is made of an electrically insulating material. Preferably, the support frame 2 is made of an electrically insulating metal material. Preferably, the support frame 2 may be made of a plastic material with or without reinforcing inserts, for example, a polymer resin with or without reinforcing glass fibers, in either case having suitable resistance to the mechanical stresses induced during processing.

[0101] Preferably, the support frame 2 may be manufactured by injection molding. Preferably, the support frame 2 may be manufactured by machining.

[0102] In a possible and preferred embodiment, the support frame 2 is made of a polymer material, such as POM-C or glass-filled PPS.

[0103] Conveniently, frame 2 may have any planar shape (i.e., along the XY direction), for example, a polygonal shape (see the substantially square shape with rounded edges of the frame in Figure 2 or Figure 8), or a circular shape (see Figure 9).

[0104] Preferably, the frame 2 may be manufactured as a single piece, or as several permanently fixed pieces, or may be integrated with one another (for example, by welding).

[0105] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the frame 2 has nine seats 3 that are on the same plane as the electrochemical module 10, but it is clearly possible to install only two seats 3, or even more than nine seats 3.

[0106] Preferably, the seat portions 3 are defined in an orderly manner within the frame 2, and are arranged relative to one another in two or more groups, in particular, along corresponding parallel columns and / or parallel rows, or along the radial / diameter direction.

[0107] Preferably, all seat portions 3 of the frame 2 have the same shape and dimensions, thereby accommodating corresponding electrochemical modules 10 that are all identical to one another in terms of shape and dimensions. Preferably, the electrochemical modules 10 may also have the same configuration (in particular with respect to the structure and materials used) and may have the same performance. Particularly advantageous, the electrochemical modules 10 (or any individual components) may be manufactured / produced in the same manner, preferably on an industrial scale.

[0108] Conveniently, in possible embodiments not shown, the seat portions 3 of the frame 2 may have different shapes and / or dimensions from each other, thereby accommodating different corresponding electrochemical modules 10.

[0109] In particular, each seat portion 3 may include a through-opening 40. Conveniently, the through-opening 40 may have any shape, for example, a polygonal shape (see the square shape of the through-opening 40 in Figure 2 or Figure 8) or a circular shape (see Figure 9).

[0110] Conveniently, the frame 2 may include a first gap 43 and a second gap 44. Preferably, the aqueous solution 31 for the anode 12 of each electrochemical module 10 may enter and / or exit through the first gap 43 and the second gap 44. Preferably, the first gap 43 and / or the second gap 44 may also define a passage for the outflow of oxygen produced after the electrolytic reaction at the anode 12. Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, the first gap 43 and the second gap 44 are obtained on the base portion 39 of the frame 2. Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, the first gap 43 and the second gap 44 are obtained at two opposite ends of the frame 2, particularly the base portion 39, more preferably at diagonally opposite ends.

[0111] Conveniently, the frame 2 may also include at least one third gap 45, more preferably two third gaps 45. Preferably, through the third gaps 45, hydrogen generated in the cathode 13 flows out and / or enters and exits from the aqueous solution 31 or inert gas for the cathode of each electrochemical module 10, respectively (as will be described in more detail later, at least during the startup period). Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, two third gaps 45 are obtained on the base portion 39 of the frame 2. Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, two third gaps 45 are obtained at two opposite ends of the frame 2, particularly the base portion 39, more preferably at diagonally opposite ends.

[0112] Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, the first opening A1 of the first fluid circuit 37 is defined by the overlap of the first gap 43 of the frame 2 and the first opening 33 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22. In particular for this purpose, the first gap 43 of the frame 2 is at least partially resting on the first opening 33 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22, thereby enabling their fluid connection. Preferably, the first gap 43 of the frame 2 may have a shape that substantially corresponds to the first opening 33 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22.

[0113] Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, the second opening A2 of the first fluid circuit 37 is defined by the overlap of the second gap 44 of the frame 2 and the second opening 34 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22. In particular for this purpose, the second gap 44 of the frame 2 is at least partially resting on the second opening 34 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22, thereby enabling their fluid connection. Preferably, the second gap 44 of the frame 2 may have a shape substantially corresponding to the second opening 34 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22.

[0114] Preferably, in the illustrated possible embodiments, each third opening A3 of the second fluid circuit 38 is defined by the overlap of the third gap 45 obtained on the frame 2 with the third opening 35 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22. In particular for this purpose, each third gap 45 of the frame 2 at least partially overlaps with the corresponding third opening 35 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22, thereby enabling their fluid connection. Preferably, each third gap 45 of the frame 2 may have a shape substantially corresponding to the third opening 35 of the first plate 21 and / or the second plate 22.

[0115] Preferably, the frame 2 includes a base portion 39 on which at least two (more preferably multiple) through-openings 40 are obtained (each defining a corresponding seat portion 3), the through-openings 40 being structurally separated and distinguished from each other by the (solid) portion of the base portion 39. Conveniently, the frame 2, and in particular the base portion 39 of the frame, has two opposite surfaces, a first surface 50 (also called the "anode-side surface") and a second surface 51 (also called the "cathode-side surface"), the surfaces extending along the XY direction and spaced apart from each other along the Z direction corresponding to the thickness of the frame 2, and in particular to the thickness of its base portion 39.

[0116] Conveniently, each through-opening 40 is closed by the first plate 21 on its first surface 50 and by the second plate 22 on its second surface 51. In particular, the first surface 21' of the first plate 21 is present on and in contact with the first surface 50, while the second surface 22'' of the second plate 22 is present on and in contact with the second surface 51.

[0117] More specifically, in the illustrated possible and preferred embodiments, the first surface 21' includes a first passage 32 having at least one opening for the outflow of aqueous solution 31 in each electrochemical module 10 mounted on the frame 2, while the second surface 22'' without the first passage 32 defines a continuous closed support wall.

[0118] Conveniently, each seat portion 3 may include a step 53 that surrounds the through-opening 40 and slopes downward toward the inside of the opening itself. In particular, the step 53 is lower than the first surface 50 of the base portion 39 that surrounds the step itself. Conveniently, the step 53 has a shape corresponding to the through-opening 40 that the step surrounds. More specifically, preferably, in each through-opening 40, the first surface 50 connects (along the thickness) with the second surface 51, narrowing toward the inside of the opening 40 and defining a stepped contour 53. In particular, the through-opening 40 has an expansion along X and / or Y, which is larger on the first surface 50 and smaller on the second surface 51. Conveniently, the step 53 preferably includes a corresponding third surface 54 substantially parallel to the first surface 50 and the second surface 51, and also, • Preferably, a first wall 55 connecting the first surface 50 to the third surface 54, which unfolds parallel to the thickness, and The material further includes a second wall 56 that preferably extends parallel to the thickness and connects the second surface 51 to the third surface 54.

[0119] Conveniently, despite being at two different heights along the thickness Z, the first wall 55 is located outside the second wall 56, thereby defining the boundaries of the first and second sections from the side.

[0120] Preferably, the anode 12 and film 11 have a shape and surface expansion (particularly along the XY direction) that substantially corresponds to the (first) section of the through-opening 40 bounded from the side by the first wall 55. Preferably, the cathode 13 has a surface expansion smaller than the (first) section of the through-opening 40 bounded from the side by the first wall 55. Preferably, the anode support 14 and cathode support 15 have a shape and surface expansion (particularly along the XY direction) that substantially corresponds to the (second) section of the through-opening 40 bounded from the side by the second wall 56.

[0121] Conveniently, the cathode support 15 is inserted into the second compartment of the through-opening 40, i.e., the compartment bounded from the side by the second wall 56. The cathode 13 is present with one side on the cathode support 15, while on the opposite side, the cathode 13 is in contact with one side of the membrane 11 inserted into the first compartment of the through-opening 40, i.e., the compartment bounded from the side by the first wall 55. The other side of the membrane 11 then comes into contact with one side of the anode 12, in turn the anode 12 comes into contact with the anode support 14 on the other side. More specifically, the membrane 11, anode 12, and anode support 14 are inserted into the first compartment of the through-opening 40, i.e., the compartment bounded from the side by the first wall 55.

[0122] Conveniently, the electrochemical module 10, in particular the package comprising, in order, a cathode support 15, a cathode 13, a film 11, an anode 12, and an anode support 14, has a thickness substantially equivalent to or less than the thickness of the frame 2 (i.e., an extension along the Z direction).

[0123] Advantageously, each electrochemical module 10 may also further include a sealing element 60 configured to enable fluid sealing in the membrane 11, in particular to fluidly separate the anode 12 and cathode 13 in the membrane 11. Preferably, the sealing element 60 prevents hydrogen produced by electrolysis in the cathode 13 from passing to the anode 12. Preferably, the sealing element 60 may include a gasket frame 61 located on a third surface 54 and housing the membrane 11 as a support. More preferably, the membrane 11 is in contact with the cathode 13 located on the cathode support 15, and externally, the membrane 11 is also in contact with the gasket frame 61 located on the third surface 54 of the step 53.

[0124] Conveniently, the gasket frame 61 may then be compressed against the third surface 54 by the anode support 14, or preferably by a compression frame 62 (see Figure 20) acting on the anode 12, which is in contact with the film 11, which is also in contact with the gasket frame 61. Preferably, the compression frame 62 is a dedicated element made of a metallic material (or in any case a material that is appropriately and / or substantially rigid) that houses the anode support 14 inside it. Conveniently, the compression frame 62 is positioned at the height of the anode support 14 so as to surround the anode support 14 from the outside in order to press the gasket frame 61 against the third surface 54.

[0125] The use of the compression frame 62 may be particularly advantageous when the anode support 14 contains through-holes / pores (as described above) that may be permanently deformed after compression and therefore no longer provide adequate compressive thrust to the gasket frame 61.

[0126] The assembly of device 1 is carried out as follows: First, the frame 2 is positioned on the second plate 22 such that the second surface 51 of the frame 2 lies on the second surface 22'' of the second plate 22. Then, the corresponding electrochemical modules 10 are mounted in their respective seating areas 3 of the frame 2.

[0127] Preferably, each electrochemical module 10 is assembled by positioning each component inside the through-opening 40 of each seat 3. In particular, the following operations are performed for each seat 3. First, the cathode support 15 is inserted into the second compartment of the through-opening 40 so that the cathode support 15 is located on the second surface 22'' of the second plate 22. Next, the cathode 13 is positioned on the cathode support 15 and the gasket frame 61 is positioned on the third surface 54 of the step 53. Next, the membrane 11 is positioned so that it is located both on the cathode 13 and on the external gasket frame 61. Next, the anode 12 is positioned on the membrane 11. Next, the anode support 14 is positioned above the anode 12. Advantageously, the compression frame 62 may be further positioned before, simultaneously with, or after positioning the anode support 14.

[0128] Therefore, all electrochemical modules 10 are first mounted inside the seat portion 3 of the frame 2, and the first plate 21 is positioned on the frame 2 such that the first surface 21' of the first plate 21 is on the first surface 50 of the frame 2.

[0129] Conveniently, in possible embodiments, the frame 2 may include a perimeter flange 47 around the base portion 39, preferably being thicker than the base portion 39 and thus higher on one or both of the opposite sides of the base portion 39.

[0130] Preferably, to make the device 1 more compact when defining the stacking equipment 100 by stacking the devices 1, as will be described in more detail later, through holes 109 are made in the periphery flange 47 of the frame 2 for the passage of tie rods 107 or equivalent members. Conveniently, in possible embodiments not shown, a central through hole may be provided in the frame 2 for the passage of a central tie rod.

[0131] Preferably, when defining a stacking facility 100 by stacking devices 1, additional through holes 110 may be provided in the surrounding flange 47 for the passage of pins or other equivalent members in order to center the device 1.

[0132] Conveniently, in possible embodiments (see Figures 13A and 13B), the frame 2 may not have a surrounding flange 47, as it may consist only of the base portion 39.

[0133] Conveniently, in possible embodiments (see Figures 27A and 27B), the frame 2 may also include a base portion 39 whose exterior is surrounded by a peripheral flange 47.

[0134] Conveniently, device 1 can be configured such that the aqueous solution is not directly introduced from the cathode side during hydrogen generation.

[0135] The present invention also relates to a facility 100 comprising a plurality of devices 1, as described herein, which are placed on top of each other / stacked together to form a so-called stack. Preferably, inside the facility 100, two devices 1 placed on top of each other may share the same plate 21 or 22, where, in particular, the same plate 21 or 22 has a first surface 21' or 22' facing the anode 12 of the first device (where a first passage 32 is obtained), while the other / second surface 21'' or 22'' of the same plate (without the first passage 32) faces the cathode 13 of the second device which is located above (or below) the first device.

[0136] Preferably, device 1 is stacked and held between two end heads, more specifically between a first head 105 and a second head 106. Conveniently, the two heads 105 and 106 are made of a metallic material and are electrically insulated.

[0137] Preferably, while device 1 is stacked vertically between the two heads 105 and 106, the first head 105 defines the lower head, while the second head 106 defines the upper head of equipment 100 (or vice versa).

[0138] Conveniently, in possible embodiments, the first head 105 or the second head 106 may have a suitable structure for allowing the insertion of lifting forks of a device suitable for lifting and moving the equipment 100 (e.g., a forklift).

[0139] Conveniently, the tie rod 107 also starts from the first head 105, passes through the devices 1 stacked on top of each other, emerges from the second head 106, and is appropriately and conventionally clamped by the clamping member 108 to cause packing and compression of the devices 1.

[0140] The equipment 100 includes a first joint / connection part 101, a second joint / connection part 102, and at least one third joint / connection part 103, preferably two third joint / connection parts 103.

[0141] Preferably, the first joint / connection portion 101 is fluidly connected to the first opening A1 of the first internal circuit 37 of each device 1. Conveniently, the aqueous solution 31 enters through the first joint / connection portion 101 and wets the anode side of each electrochemical module 10 of each device 1.

[0142] Preferably, the second joint / connection 102 is fluidly connected to the second opening A2 of the first internal circuit 37 of each device 1. Conveniently, the aqueous solution 31 that wets the anode side of each electrochemical module 10 of each device 1 may be discharged from the second joint / connection 102, and the oxygen generated on the anode side of each electrochemical module 10 of each device 1 may also be discharged. Preferably, each third joint / connection 103 is fluidly connected to the corresponding third opening A3 of the second internal circuit 38 of each device 1. Conveniently, during the startup period, the aqueous solution 31 enters through the third joint / connection 103 to wet the cathode side of each electrochemical module 10 of each device 1, while the aqueous solution 31 that has wetted the cathode side of each electrochemical module 10 of each device 1 may be discharged through the other third joint / connection 103. Conveniently, during operation, hydrogen generated on the cathode side of each electrochemical module 10 of each device 1 can be discharged through their respective third junctions / connections 103.

[0143] Conveniently, the first joint / connection 101, the second joint / connection 102, and the third joint / connection 103 are in fluid communication with all electrochemical modules 10 of all devices 1 of the equipment 100. In particular, the first joint / connection 101 is fluidly connected to the first opening 33 of the plates 21 and 22 of each device 1 and to the first gap 43 obtained in the frame 2 of each device 1; the second joint / connection 102 is fluidly connected to the second opening 34 of the plates 21 and 22 of each device 1 and to the second gap 44 obtained in the frame 2 of each device 1; and the third joint / connection 103 is fluidly connected to the opening 35 of the plates 21 and 22 of each device 1 and to the third gap 45 obtained in the frame 2 of each device 1.

[0144] Conveniently, in possible embodiments (see Figures 16A and 16B), the first joint / connection 101, the second joint / connection 102, and the at least one third joint / connection 103 are obtained at the first head 105, while the tie rod 107 protrudes from the other / second head 106.

[0145] Conveniently, in another possible embodiment not shown, all mounting fixtures 101, 102, and 103 may be located on the same head 105 or 106 from which the tie rod 107 appears.

[0146] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment (see Figure 25), one third connection 103 may be defined on the first head 105, and a further third connection 103 may be defined on another / second head 106.

[0147] Conveniently, in a possible embodiment, the equipment 1 may comprise a single first joint / connector 101, for example, on a first head 105. Conveniently, in another possible embodiment, the equipment 1 may comprise several first joints / connectors 101, of which at least one first joint / connector 101 is provided on the first head 105, and at least one further first joint / connector 101 is provided on a second head 106.

[0148] Conveniently, equipment 100 also, • A first cable 29', which is intended to be connected at one end to the anode (not shown) of a power supply and at the other end to be electrically connected to the anode 12 of at least one device 1, and The system further includes a second cable 29'' which is connected at one end to the cathode (not shown) of a power supply and at the other end to be electrically connected to the cathode 13 of at least one device 1.

[0149] In possible embodiments (see Figures 16A and 16B), the first cable 29' is fixed to a plate having a protruding portion configured to act as a current collector 70 positioned below the second head 106, while the second cable 29'' is fixed to the second head 106. Conveniently, this type of connection of the first cable 29' and the second cable 29'' allows two or more installations 100 to be connected in parallel with one another.

[0150] In another possible embodiment (see Figure 25), the first and second cables are connected to corresponding current collectors 70' and 70'' respectively, located at one of the two end heads of the equipment. In particular, the second cable 29'' is fixed to a plate having a protruding portion configured to act as a first current collector 70' positioned near (preferably above) the first head 105, while the first cable 29' is fixed to another plate having a protruding portion configured to act as a second current collector 70'' positioned near (preferably below) the other second head 106 (or vice versa). In particular, in this embodiment, neither the first cable 29' nor the second cable 29'' is connected to heads 105 and 106, and therefore both of these heads are grounded. Conveniently, this type of connection of the first cable 29' and the second cable 29'' allows two or more pieces of equipment 100 to be further connected in series with each other, thereby favorably reducing power supply sizing and costs.

[0151] Preferably, as shown in Figure 26, the current collector 70, 70', or 70'' is interposed between the first (or last) device 1 (of the stack of devices 1 of the equipment) and an insulating plate 71 (precisely fabricated in an electrically insulating material), the insulating plate 71 then in turn contacts the corresponding head 106 (or 105). Preferably, the current collector 70, 70', or 70'' is configured to be inserted partially inside the first (or last) device 1 (of the stack of devices 1 of the equipment) and partially inside the insulating plate 71, and further has portions that protrude outward from the device 1 and the insulating plate 71 for connection with a first cable 29' or a second cable 29'' (and preferably can also be folded).

[0152] The present invention also relates to an apparatus 200 comprising at least one device 1, or to an apparatus 100 as described above, having a first external fluid circuit C1 fluidly connected to the anode portion of the at least one device (or multiple devices 1 of the apparatus 100), and a second external fluid circuit C2 fluidly connected to the cathode portion of the at least one device (or multiple devices 1 of the apparatus 100).

[0153] The first external fluid circuit C1 is configured to allow the flow of aqueous solution 31 toward the anode portion of device 1, preferably into the anode support 14.

[0154] In some possible embodiments, a first external fluid circuit C1 passing through the anode of device 1 is formed in a closed loop and includes a first pump P1 for forcing the circulation of an aqueous solution contained in a first tank S1, as provided herein. The first pump P1 is located upstream of device 1, in particular upstream of the anode of device 1.

[0155] Preferably, the first external fluid circuit C1 includes a first upstream portion M1 located upstream and at the inlet of the anode-side device 1, and a first downstream portion E1 located downstream and at the outlet of the anode-side device 1.

[0156] Preferably, the first upstream portion M1 is fluidly connected to and engaged with the first joint / connection portion 101 of the equipment 100. Preferably, the first downstream portion E1 is fluidly connected to and engaged with the second joint / connection portion 102 of the equipment 100.

[0157] Preferably, the first external fluid circuit C1 includes a first branch D1 for the outflow of oxygen generated on the anode side of device 1. Conveniently, the first branch D1 can be fluidly connected to a first downstream portion E1.

[0158] The second fluid circuit C2 is configured to selectively circulate an aqueous solution 31 or an inert gas on the cathode side 13 of at least one device 1 and / or to discharge hydrogen generated on the cathode side 13 of at least one device 1. In particular, the second external fluid circuit C2 is configured to allow the flow of an aqueous solution 31, preferably into the cathode support 15, toward the cathode portion of device 1, and preferably into the cathode support 15.

[0159] In some possible embodiments, a second external fluid circuit C2 passing through the cathode portion of device 1 is configured as a closed loop and includes a second pump P2 for forcing the circulation of an aqueous solution contained in a second tank S2, as in the embodiments presented herein. The second pump P2 is preferably located upstream of device 1, and in particular upstream of the cathode portion of device 1.

[0160] Preferably, the second external fluid circuit C2 includes a second upstream portion M2 located upstream and at the inlet of the cathode-side device 1, and a second downstream portion E2 located downstream and at the outlet of the cathode-side device 1.

[0161] Preferably, the second upstream portion M2 is fluidly connected to and engaged with a third joint / connection 103 of the equipment 100. Preferably, the second downstream portion E2 is fluidly connected to and engaged with another third joint / connection 103 of the equipment 100.

[0162] Preferably, the second external fluid circuit C2 includes a second branch D2 for the outflow of hydrogen generated on the cathode side of device 1. Conveniently, the second branch D2 may be fluidly connected to a second downstream section E2. Conveniently, the second branch D2 may be fluidly connected to the outside, for example, a user or a hydrogen storage container.

[0163] Conveniently, the second external fluid circuit C2 may include a third branch D3 for an inlet of an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) into the device 1, preferably on the cathode side of the device 1. Conveniently, the third branch D3 is fluidly connected to the inert gas source.

[0164] The first external fluid circuit C1 and the second external fluid circuit C2 preferably include fluid shut-off means consisting of at least one valve.

[0165] Preferably, the first external fluid circuit C1 includes a first fluid shutoff means configured to selectively divert the flow of fluid to a first branch D1 (for example, comprising two valves V2 and V3, but also possibly including a three-way valve).

[0166] Preferably, the first external fluid circuit C1 may include a first valve V1 downstream of the first upstream portion M1, more preferably the first pump P1.

[0167] Preferably, the first external fluid circuit C1 may include a second valve V2 downstream of the first downstream portion E1, more preferably downstream of the first branch D1. Preferably, the first external fluid circuit C1 may include a third valve V3 in the first branch D1.

[0168] Preferably, the second external fluid circuit C2 includes a second fluid shutoff means configured to selectively divert the flow of fluid to a second branch D2 (for example, comprising two valves V4 and V5, but also possibly including a three-way valve).

[0169] Preferably, the second external fluid circuit C2 may include a fourth valve V4 downstream of the second downstream portion E1, more preferably downstream of the second branch D2. Preferably, the second external fluid circuit C2 may include a fifth valve V5 in the second branch D2.

[0170] Preferably, the second external fluid circuit C2 includes a third fluid shutoff means configured to selectively allow an inlet of an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) or an aqueous solution 31 to the cathode side of the device 1 (for example, comprising two valves V6 and V7, but also possibly further including a three-way valve).

[0171] Preferably, the second external fluid circuit C2 may include a sixth valve V6 upstream of the second upstream portion V6, more preferably upstream of the third branch D3. Preferably, the second external fluid circuit C2 may include a seventh valve V7 in the third branch D3.

[0172] The apparatus according to the present invention is controlled to operate in at least the following configuration: • A first starting configuration (see Figure 19A) assumed before the application of electrical energy to electrodes 12 and 13, wherein the aqueous solution 31 is recirculated in the cathode portion of device 1. This is an assumed operating configuration (see Figure 19C) after electrical energy is applied to electrodes 12 and 13, in which hydrogen is generated in the cathode portion of device 1 and oxygen is generated in the cathode portion of device 1.

[0173] Advantageously, at least before electrical energy is applied to electrodes 12 and 13, and therefore before hydrogen production begins, the cathode portion of device 1 is (at least partially) wet. Advantageously, starting from a wet cathode, anion transfer from cathode 13 to anode 12 is facilitated, and the elapsed time between the start of electrical energy application to electrodes 12 and 13 of device 1 and the start of hydrogen and oxygen production by the device itself is shortened.

[0174] Preferably, before electrical energy is applied to electrodes 12 and 13, and therefore before hydrogen generation begins, each of the electrode holder supports 14 and 15 is at least partially wetted with and / or immersed in the aqueous solution 31.

[0175] Preferably, the device 200 may also be controlled to operate in a second starting configuration (see Figure 19B) that is assumed to occur after the first starting configuration and before the operation configuration, and before the application of electrical energy to the electrodes 12, 13, wherein an inert gas is recirculated in the cathode portion of the device to remove any excess aqueous solution in the cathode portion (see 19B).

[0176] Preferably, the device 200 may also be controlled to operate in a cutoff configuration (not shown) that is assumed to occur after the switching off of electrical energy to electrodes 12, 13, following or at the end of the above operating configuration, in which an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) is recirculated in the cathode portion of the device. Advantageously, introducing an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) to the cathode side reduces residual voltage by replacing hydrogen that remained trapped on the cathode side itself. This residual voltage can cause a reverse process of electrolysis and can lead to damage to the components of device 1.

[0177] The present invention also relates to a method of operating the above-mentioned apparatus 200, which is provided as follows: • Before applying electrical energy to electrodes 12 and 13, a first start-up period (see item 19) occurs in which the aqueous solution 31 is recirculated in the cathode portion of device 1. This is the operating period (see 19C) during which, after electrical energy is applied to electrodes 12 and 13, hydrogen is generated in the cathode portion of device 1, and oxygen is also generated in the cathode portion of device 1.

[0178] Preferably, before or simultaneously with the application of electrical energy to the electrodes, the two electrodes 12 and 13 of device 1 are thoroughly wetted with an alkaline aqueous solution 31. Advantageously, having some moisture or water on the cathode portion or surface of the film 11 before the application of electrical energy to the electrodes is desirable for anion transfer from cathode 13 to anode 12 and shortens the elapsed time between the start of electrical energy application to the electrodes and the start of hydrogen and oxygen generation.

[0179] Preferably, the method may further include a second start-up period (see 19B) in which an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) is recirculated in the cathode portion of device 1 to remove any excess aqueous solution 31 that was previously introduced and remained inside the second external fluid circuit C2, before the application of current to electrodes 12 and 13.

[0180] Advantageously, the structure and control of the device 200 allow for recirculation of the aqueous solution 31 in the cathode portion of device 1, preferably in the cathode support 15, during the first startup period of device 1 and before electrical energy is applied to electrodes 12 and 13. Conveniently, during the first startup period, valve V6 is openable, valve V7 is closeable, and the second pump P2 is operable (see Figure 19A). Furthermore, preferably, while valve V4 is openable, valve V5 is closeable, thereby allowing the aqueous solution 31 to be reintroduced into tank S2. Preferably, during this first startup period, the aqueous solution 31 is not recirculated in the anode portion of device 1, and in particular, pump P1 is deactivated and / or valves V1, V2 and V3 are closeable.

[0181] Preferably, a second start-up period may be provided before the application of electrical energy to the electrodes, which is after the first period of recirculation of the aqueous solution 31 in the cathode, during which recirculation of inert gas is performed in the cathode of the device itself to remove / clean up any excess aqueous solution in the cathode (see 19B). Conveniently, during this inert gas recirculation period, the sixth valve V6 can be closed and the seventh valve V7 can be closed, thereby allowing the passage of inert gas from the branch D3 inside the device 1. Furthermore, preferably, while valve V4 can be closed, valve V5 can be opened, thereby allowing the inert gas to be discharged through branch D2. Preferably, during this second start-up period, the aqueous solution 31 is not recirculating in the anode of the device 1, and in particular, pump P1 can be deactivated and / or valves V1, V2 and V3 can be closed.

[0182] Therefore, after startup, electrical energy is applied to electrodes 12 and 13, thus initiating the operating period in which hydrogen and oxygen are produced by device 1 (see Figure 19C). Conveniently, during the operating period, the second pump P2 can be deactivated while valve V5 is open, and / or valves V4, V6 and V7 can be closed, thereby allowing the hydrogen produced by device 1 to be discharged through branch D2. Conveniently, during the operating period, the aqueous solution 31 is recirculated in the anode of device 1, and in particular, pump P1 can operate while valve V3 is closed, and valves V1 and V2 can be opened.

[0183] Advantageously, the flow of the aqueous solution 31 in the cathode region allows the film 11 to be moistened more quickly compared to embodiments in which the aqueous solution is present only in the anode region. Advantageously, having some moisture or water on the cathode region or surface of the film 11 at the start of device 1 is desirable for anion transfer from cathode 13 to anode 12 and shortens the elapsed time between the start of electrical energy application to the electrodes of device 1 and the start of hydrogen and oxygen generation by the device itself.

[0184] Preferably, the apparatus may further include purification means (not shown) for purifying hydrogen generated from any remaining moisture.

[0185] Preferably, the method of operation of the device 200 may further provide a cutoff period following or at the end of the operation period, during which, after the electrical energy to the electrodes is switched off, recirculation of an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) is performed in the cathode portion of device 1, thereby reducing the residual voltage of the device itself.

[0186] Preferably, the first circuit C1 and the second circuit C2 are fluid-separated and independent of each other. Conveniently, the aqueous solution 31 circulating in the first circuit C1 may be the same as or different from the aqueous solution 31 circulating in the second circuit C2.

[0187] In further possible embodiments not shown herein, the first circuit C1 and the second circuit C2 may be fluidly connected to each other selectively. In further possible embodiments not shown herein, only a pump and a tank may be present. In this case, the second pump P2 may coincide with the first pump P1, and the second tank S2 coincides with the first tank S1. In this case, in particular, the second circuit C2 is a branch of the first circuit C1 originating from downstream of a pump P1 (or P2) that can be selectively, preferably excluded by further fluid shutoff means (or vice versa). Exclusion may be performed, for example, after the start of the apparatus 200, i.e., after the aforementioned recirculation of the aqueous solution 31 has been performed in the cathode section of the latter.

[0188] The present invention also relates to a method for scaling up, preferably for scaling up, an electrolytic cell using AEMWE technology in which the above-described device 1 is used.

[0189] It is clear from what has been described that the solution according to the present invention is particularly advantageous, or rather optimal. • Offers a more flexible design than known solutions where a single membrane is mounted on a frame, and in particular, the configuration, arrangement, and number of electrochemical modules within the same enclosure can be the most diverse. • For the same current density, a lower cell voltage enables better electrical performance, and in particular, compared to a single-film solution with high surface area, it allows the use of multiple films with reduced surface area, requiring a lower voltage application for the same current density. • Enables better durability over time, • Easy and economical to manufacture, • Enables significant savings in raw materials, machining, assembly, and maintenance work. • In the case of using multiple identical electrochemical modules within the same device and in various devices of equipment, the manufacturing process of electrochemical modules can be industrialized. • In particular, in the case of equipment fabricated from a stack of devices, it enables space saving, and more specifically, for example, 2Nm which would otherwise require a lot of space to ensure easy access to all stacks. 3 This is because it defines a good middle ground between size and accessibility compared to conventional solutions that have multiple stacks of / h.

[0190] While the present invention has been illustrated and described in some of its preferred embodiments, it is understood that practically feasible modifications can be made to them without departing in any way from the scope of protection of this patent for industrial inventions.

Claims

1. An electrolytic cell device (1) of the type that uses anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) technology for hydrogen production, A support frame (2) that is substantially layered and comprises at least one support frame (2) having at least two seat portions (3) defined on the same support frame (2) so as not to overlap with each other, At least two electrochemical modules (10), Each electrochemical module (10) is mounted on its corresponding seat (3). Each electrochemical module (10) includes an anion exchange separation membrane (11) interposed between two electrodes, which are an anode (12) and a cathode (13). At least two of the electrochemical modules (10) have separation membranes (11) that are structurally distinct from and separated from each other, Means (20) for applying electrical energy to the electrodes (12, 13) of each electrochemical module (10) and A device characterized by comprising:

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized by comprising means for fluidly connecting the at least two electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2).

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support frame (2) is manufactured as a single component.

4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least two components (2') arranged substantially on the same plane, wherein each of the at least two components (2') comprises at least one seat (3) on which a corresponding electrochemical module (10) is mounted.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means (20) for transmitting and / or applying electrical energy to the electrodes (12, 13) of each electrochemical module (10) comprises a pair of energizing plates which are a first plate (21) and a second plate (22), respectively, with the support frames (2) of at least two electrochemical modules (10) interposed between them.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cathode (13), the separation membrane (11), and the anode (12) of each electrochemical module (10) are arranged vertically during the assembly and mounting of each electrochemical module (10) on the support frame (2).

7. Each electrochemical module (10) further includes a pair of electrode supports, each consisting of an anode support (14) for the anode (12) and a cathode support (15) for the cathode (13). The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the anode support (14) and the cathode support (15) are made of a conductive material and further include through holes or pores that pass through the entire thickness of the support itself, thereby enabling the passage of the aqueous solution (31) to the corresponding electrodes (12, 13).

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the means for fluidly connecting the at least two electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) to each other comprises a first internal circuit (37) configured on the anode (12) side to fluidly connect the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) to each other.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the aqueous solution (31) circulates within the first internal circuit (37) to wet all of the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) with the aqueous solution (31) from the anode (12) side.

10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the first internal circuit (37) configured to fluidly connect the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) on the side of the anode (12) includes a first passage (32) obtained on the support frame (2).

11. The device according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the first internal circuit (37), configured to fluidly connect the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) on the side of the anode (12), includes a first passage (32) obtained on the means (20) for transmitting and / or applying electrical energy to the electrodes (12, 13) of each electrochemical module (10).

12. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the means for fluidly connecting the at least two electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) to each other comprises a second internal circuit (38) configured on the cathode (13) side to fluidly connect the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) to each other.

13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the second internal circuit (38), configured to fluidly connect the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) on the cathode (13) side, includes a second passage (80) obtained on the support frame (2).

14. The device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the second internal circuit (38), configured to fluidly connect the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) on the cathode (13) side, comprises a second passage (80) obtained on the means (20) for transmitting and / or applying electrical energy to the electrodes (12, 13) of each electrochemical module (10).

15. The device according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the aqueous solution (31) circulates within the second internal circuit (38) at least during the startup period of the device (1) so as to wet the electrochemical module (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) with the aqueous solution (31) on the cathode (13) side.

16. The device according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that hydrogen generated in the cathode (13) of the electrochemical module (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) circulates within the second internal circuit (38).

17. The means (20) for transmitting and / or applying electrical energy to the electrodes (12, 13) of each electrochemical module (10) comprises a pair of energizing plates, each being a first plate (21) and a second plate (22), with the support frames (2) of at least two electrochemical modules (10) interposed between them. The aforementioned device On the side of the anode (12), a first passage (32) is provided for fluidly connecting the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2), the first passage (32) being provided on the support frame (2) and / or on the first plate (21) and / or on the second plate (22), On the cathode (13) side, a second passage (80) fluidly connects the electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2), the second passage (80) obtained on the support frame (2) and / or on the first plate (21) and / or on the second plate (22) A device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by including the following:

18. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that each electrochemical module (10) has a thickness substantially equivalent to or less than the thickness of the support frame (2).

19. All of the seat portions (3) of the support frame (2) have the same dimensions and shape. The electrochemical modules (10) mounted on the same support frame (2) have the same dimensions, shape, configuration, and performance. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that

20. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the support frame is made of an electrically insulating material.

21. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the support frame is made of a polymer material.

22. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that during hydrogen generation, the aqueous solution is not directly introduced from the cathode side.

23. An electrolytic cell (100) for hydrogen production, characterized by comprising a plurality of devices (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 22, stacked to form a stack.

24. A device (200) for generating hydrogen, A device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 22, Preferably, a first external fluid circuit C1 is fluidly connected to a first internal circuit (37) of each device (1) on the side of the anode (12) of the at least one device (1), and the first external fluid circuit C1 is configured to circulate an aqueous solution (31) on the side of the anode (12) of the at least one device (1), Preferably, a second external fluid circuit C2 is fluidly connected to a second internal circuit (38) of each device (1) on the cathode (13) side of the at least one device (1), and is configured to selectively circulate an aqueous solution (31) or an inert gas on the cathode (13) side of the at least one device (1) and / or to discharge hydrogen generated on the cathode (13) side of the at least one device (1). An apparatus characterized by comprising:

25. A method for changing the scale of an electrolytic cell having an anion exchange membrane, preferably for scaling up, characterized in that a device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 22 is used.

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