Composite Material

Abstract

This specification discloses composite materials and their applications. This specification discloses a composite material comprising a plastic plate and a metal plate joined to each other while exhibiting excellent bonding strength, wherein an internal space may be formed at the bonding interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate, and excellent airtightness is ensured in the internal space along with the excellent bonding strength. This specification also discloses a composite material that exhibits the excellent bonding strength and excellent airtightness even over a large area. This specification also discloses applications of the composite material.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims priority rights based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0099225 dated July 28, 2023, and Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2023-0143291 and 10-2023-0143278 dated October 24, 2023, and all content disclosed in the documents of said Korean Patent Applications is included as part of this Specification.

[0002] This specification discloses composite materials and their applications. [Background technology]

[0003] The technology to firmly bond dissimilar materials, such as metals and plastics, without altering their appearance, is useful in a wide range of fields.

[0004] Heat dissipation materials, such as heat sinks, are typically made from metals with high thermal conductivity. However, metals are generally unsuitable for weight reduction and offer limited design flexibility. Therefore, in heat dissipation materials like heat sinks, if the parts primarily requiring heat transfer are made of metal, and other parts are made of materials such as plastic, it is possible to simultaneously satisfy both heat transfer and lightweight properties while also providing a material with greater design flexibility.

[0005] However, it is not easy to firmly and stably bond dissimilar materials such as metal and plastic.

[0006] For example, even when using adhesive materials, it is not easy to ensure high adhesion strength and durability between dissimilar materials such as metal and plastic. This is because there are few adhesive materials that exhibit high adhesion strength to both metal and plastic.

[0007] Furthermore, in order to obtain the heat sink, an internal space (cavity) is required at the bonding interface of dissimilar materials through which a cooling medium flows. To improve heat dissipation, the area of ​​the internal space must be increased, but increasing the internal space will inevitably reduce the bonding area between the metal and the plastic.

[0008] It is difficult to manufacture composite materials in which dissimilar materials are stably joined while including the aforementioned internal space. In particular, it becomes even more difficult to satisfy the above conditions when attempting to manufacture composite materials over a large area.

[0009] In order to apply composite materials to components such as heat sinks, it is necessary to ensure strong bonding between dissimilar materials, as well as airtightness to the internal space.

[0010] To cool and dissipate heat, a cooling medium such as cooling water or air is circulated inside the heat sink. Since such a cooling medium is usually a fluid, if the airtightness of the internal space is not ensured, the cooling medium may leak out. Such airtightness cannot be easily ensured simply by ensuring high bonding strength. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0011] This specification discloses composite materials and their applications. This specification aims to disclose a composite material comprising a plastic plate and a metal plate joined to each other while exhibiting excellent bonding strength. This specification aims to disclose a composite material in which an internal space is formed at the bonding interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate, thereby ensuring excellent airtightness in the internal space along with the excellent bonding strength. This specification also aims to disclose how the excellent bonding strength and excellent airtightness can be ensured even when the composite material is manufactured over a large area. This specification also aims to disclose applications of the composite material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] Unless otherwise specified, any physical properties mentioned herein that are affected by temperature are those measured at room temperature.

[0013] The term "room temperature" refers to the natural temperature that has not been artificially heated or cooled, and means any single temperature within the range of approximately 10°C to 30°C, for example, a temperature of approximately 23°C or 25°C.

[0014] Unless otherwise specified herein, the unit of temperature is °C.

[0015] Among the physical properties mentioned herein, those affected by pressure are those measured at normal pressure unless otherwise specified.

[0016] The term "normal pressure" refers to the natural pressure that has not been artificially increased or decreased, and typically refers to pressures within the range of approximately 700 mmHg to 800 mmHg.

[0017] Among the physical properties mentioned herein, those affected by humidity are those measured at standard humidity conditions unless otherwise specified.

[0018] Standard humidity is relative humidity, meaning any one of the humidity levels within the range of 40% to 60%, for example, a relative humidity of approximately 40% or 60%.

[0019] This specification discloses composite materials.

[0020] The term "composite material" means a material that includes at least two different materials. For example, the composite material may include a plastic sheet and a metal sheet as the two different materials.

[0021] In the composite material, the plastic plate and the metal plate may be joined to each other. The joining may be a joining that does not involve other materials such as adhesives, in which case at least a portion of the plastic plate and at least a portion of the metal plate may be in direct contact with each other.

[0022] For example, the composite material may include a metal plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a plastic plate having a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to the third surface.

[0023] The first surface of the metal plate is either the surface with the largest area among the surfaces of the metal plate or the surface opposite to it, and the second surface is the surface opposite to the first surface. The first and second surfaces may have the same area. The third surface of the plastic plate is either the surface with the largest area among the surfaces of the plastic plate or the surface opposite to it, and the fourth surface is the surface opposite to the third surface. The third and fourth surfaces may have the same area.

[0024] For example, in a composite material, the first surface of the metal plate and the third surface of the plastic plate may be joined to each other. In the above structure, there may be no other elements between the first surface of the metal plate and the third surface of the plastic plate. That is, there may be no elements between the metal plate and the plastic plate that would cause them to adhere to each other, such as adhesives or glues.

[0025] In this specification, the term "joining region" refers to the region where the metal plate and the plastic plate are attached to each other. In the joining region, a certain level of bonding strength may be ensured. In one example, the joining region may be a region where at least one or both of the metal plate and the plastic plate are melted or softened and then cooled again, causing the metal plate and the plastic plate to adhere to each other, for example, a region where the metal plate and the plastic plate are fused together.

[0026] In the aforementioned composite material, excellent and stable bonding strength can be ensured in the bonding region.

[0027] There are no particular restrictions on the type of plastic sheet included in the composite material. For example, a plastic sheet containing resin and filler components can be used as the plastic sheet.

[0028] There are no particular restrictions on the type of resin component contained in the plastic sheet. For example, the resin component can be appropriately selected and used from among resin components known to be moldable by applying heat or other means.

[0029] For example, a thermoplastic polymer can be used as the resin component. The types of applicable thermoplastic polymers include various crystalline or amorphous polymers, and examples include, but are not limited to, polyolefin polymers such as PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), polyalkylene oxide polymers such as mPPO (Modified PPO (Polyethylene oxide)), polyamide polymers such as PA (polyamide), acetal polymers such as POM (polyoxymethylene), polyester polymers such as PC (polycarbonate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), or PET (polyethylene terephthalate), acrylic polymers such as PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)), and polystyrene polymers such as PS (polystyrene) or ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). One or more of the above may be included in the plastic sheet.

[0030] There are no particular restrictions on the proportion of the resin component within the plastic sheet. For example, based on the total weight of the plastic sheet, the lower limit of the proportion of the resin component within the plastic sheet may be around 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80% by weight, and the upper limit may be around 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, or 80% by weight. The proportion may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, while being less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The closer this range of proportions is to the values ​​for the composite materials shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0031] The aforementioned plastic sheet may contain filler components as additional components. Such filler components may be included, for example, as reinforcing materials.

[0032] There are no particular restrictions on the examples of filler components. For example, organic fillers such as glass fillers, carbon fillers and / or silica fillers, or inorganic fillers or organic-inorganic fillers may be used as filler components.

[0033] The shape of the filler is determined by the purpose and is not particularly limited. For example, the filler may be a particulate filler (spherical, angular, non-standard, or other shaped particulate filler), a plate-shaped filler, or a fibrous filler.

[0034] There are no particular restrictions on the thickness of the plastic sheet. The thickness of the plastic sheet can be adjusted to an appropriate level considering the desired physical properties such as strength and bonding strength. For example, the lower limit of the thickness of the plastic sheet may be around 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, or 2.0, and the upper limit may be around 20.0, 19.0, 18.0, 17.0, 16.0, 15.0, 14.0, 13.0, 12.0, 11.0, 10.0, 9.0, 8.0, 7.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, or 2.0. The unit of thickness is mm. The thickness may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, while being less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The closer this thickness range is to the values ​​for the composite material shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0035] There are no particular restrictions on the type of metal plate included in the composite material. The metal plate can be selected depending on the application of the composite material. For example, when the composite material is used as a heat dissipation material, a metal or metal alloy with a thermal conductivity of a certain level or higher may be used.

[0036] For example, the lower limit of the thermal conductivity of the metal or metal alloy may be around 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, or 200, and the upper limit may be around 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 190, 180, 170, or 160. The unit of thermal conductivity is W / mK. When applied as a heat dissipation material, the thermal conductivity may be within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, or simultaneously within the range of any one of the upper limits being less than or less than or greater than any one of the upper limits. The closer this range of thermal conductivity is to the value for the composite material shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0037] Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to, metals such as aluminum, stainless steel (SUS), tungsten, iron, cast iron, and / or copper, or metal alloys containing such metals.

[0038] The metal plate may have a specific melting temperature (Tm) depending on the type of metal. For example, the lower limit of the melting temperature of the metal plate is 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C, 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C, 1100°C, 1150°C, 1200°C, 1250°C, 1300°C, and 1350°C. Alternatively, it may be around 1400°C, and its upper limit may be around 3000°C, 2500°C, 2000°C, 1900°C, 1800°C, 1700°C, 1600°C, 1500°C, 1400°C, 1300°C, 1200°C, 1100°C, 1000°C, 900°C, 850°C, 800°C, 750°C, or 700°C. The melting temperature of the metal plate may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or within the range of any one of the upper limits below or below, or simultaneously within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, and also below or below the upper limit of any one of the upper limits. The closer this range of melting temperatures is to the values ​​for the composite materials shown in the examples, the more improved effects can be expected.

[0039] There are no particular restrictions on the thickness of the metal plate. The thickness of the metal plate can be adjusted to an appropriate level considering the desired bonding strength, thermal conductivity, and airtightness. For example, the lower limit of the thickness of the metal plate may be around 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, or 3.0, and the upper limit may be 20.0, 19.5, 19.0, 18. The thickness may be approximately 0.5, 18.0, 17.5, 17.0, 16.5, 16.0, 15.5, 15.0, 14.5, 14.0, 13.5, 13.0, 12.5, 12.0, 11.5, 11.0, 10.5, 10.0, 9.5, 9.0, 8.5, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, or 3.0. The unit of the thickness is mm. The thickness may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, while being less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The closer this range of thickness is to the values ​​for the composite material shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0040] In composite materials, the plastic plate and / or metal plate may have an uneven surface. In such cases, an internal space may be formed at the bonding interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate due to the uneven surface.

[0041] The aforementioned uneven shape may be formed with both convex and concave sections. Figure 1 shows an example where, among the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200), the plastic plate (100) is formed with an uneven shape having convex (1001) and concave (1002), thereby forming an internal space (C) at the bonding interface. In uneven shapes, convex and concave are mutually opposite concepts, but in this specification, the shape that forms a surface in contact with other materials is referred to as concave. Such an embodiment as shown in Figure 1 can be formed by attaching a plastic plate (100) and a metal plate (200) having an uneven shape to each other, as shown in Figure 2.

[0042] In the examples shown in Figures 1 and 2, the plastic plate (100) has an uneven surface, but the metal plate (200) may also have an uneven surface, and in some cases, both the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) may have an uneven surface.

[0043] The internal space of the composite material can exhibit excellent airtightness.

[0044] The aforementioned airtightness refers to the characteristic of being able to withstand the pressure caused by a fluid, such as cooling water or air, when injected into the sealed internal space, and preventing the fluid from flowing out to the outside. Such airtightness is not ensured simply by achieving high bonding strength.

[0045] The airtightness of such an internal space is represented by the maximum allowable pressure. The maximum allowable pressure is the internal pressure achieved by injecting air into the internal space of the composite material (the sealed internal space), and means the internal pressure that can be maintained substantially constant in bar units for a certain period of time (approximately 60 seconds) from the time when the injection of the fluid used to achieve the internal pressure is stopped. In this case, the injected fluid may be, for example, air. Maintaining a substantially constant internal pressure may refer to the amount of pressure drop over 60 seconds, as described later.

[0046] A method for evaluating such maximum allowable pressure is described in "Test Example 4" of this specification. For example, the lower limit of the maximum allowable pressure may be around 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, or 2.5, and the upper limit may be around 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, or 2.5. The unit of the maximum allowable pressure is bar. The maximum allowable pressure may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, and simultaneously below or below any one of the upper limits. The closer this range of maximum allowable pressure is to the values ​​for the composite materials shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0047] The internal space may also have an airtightness that exhibits a certain level of pressure drop rate. The pressure drop rate is the rate of pressure drop measured from the point when the injection of fluid is stopped after air has been injected into the internal space of the composite material (the sealed internal space) to achieve the maximum allowable pressure or a pressure greater than or equal to the maximum allowable pressure, and its unit is Pa / sec. A method for evaluating the pressure drop rate is described in "Test Example 4" of this specification. The upper limit of the pressure drop rate may be around 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, or 6, and the lower limit may be around 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. The pressure drop rate may be within the range of less than or equal to any one of the upper limits, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits, while simultaneously being within the range of less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the values ​​for the composite material shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0048] The internal space of the composite material can have an airtightness that exhibits a certain level of pressure drop over 60 seconds. The 60-second pressure increase refers to the value obtained by subtracting the pressure (P2) at 60 seconds after stopping the injection of air into the internal space to achieve the target pressure (P1) from the target pressure (P1) (P1-P2). The target pressure may be the maximum allowable pressure or a pressure greater than or equal to it. A method for evaluating the 60-second pressure drop is described in "Test Example 4" of this specification. The lower limit of the 60-second pressure drop may be around 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, or 4, and the upper limit may be around 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, 4, or 3.5. The unit of the 60-second pressure drop is mbar. The pressure drop over 60 seconds may be within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than or greater than the lower limit, or within the range of any one of the upper limits being less than or less than the lower limit, or simultaneously within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than the lower limit, and also less than or less than the upper limit. The closer the range is to the value for the composite material shown in the example, the greater the improvement in effect can be expected.

[0049] The aforementioned internal space can also exhibit an appropriate level of pressure loss. Such a pressure loss level can be confirmed by the following equation I.

[0050] [Formula I] LP = 100 × (P MAX -P 60 ) / P MAX

[0051] In equation I, LP is the pressure loss level, and P MAX This is the maximum allowable pressure, and P 60 This is the pressure drop over the aforementioned 60 seconds.

[0052] To confirm the LP of formula I, the aforementioned P 60When measuring, the target pressure shall be set to the maximum allowable pressure. A specific method for verifying Equation I is described in "Test Example 4" of this specification.

[0053] The upper limit of the pressure loss level LP may be approximately 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.200, 0.197, 0.194, 0.191, 0.188, 0.185, 0.182, 0.179, 0.176, 0.173, 0.170, 0.167, 0.164, 0.161, 0.158, 0.155, 0.152, 0.149, 0.146, 0.143, or 0.140, and its lower limit may be approximately 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.15. The unit of LP is %. The pressure loss level LP may be within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than or greater than any one of the upper limits being less than or less than or less than any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits being less than or less than any one of the upper limits being less than or

[0054] In the aforementioned composite material, the plastic plate and metal plate joined to each other may exhibit a bonding strength above a certain level.

[0055] For example, in the composite material, the upper limits of the bonding force between the plastic plate and the metal plate are 200, 150, 100, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 91, 90, 89, 88, 87, 86, 85, 84, 83, 82, 81, 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 72, 71, 70, 69, 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41 or around 40, and the lower limit is 20.0, 21.0, 22.0, 23.0, 24.0, 25.0, 30.0, 31.0, 32.0, 33.0, 33.1, 33.2, 33.3, 33.4, 33.5, 33.6, 33.7, 33.8, 33.9, 34.0, 34.1, 34.2, 34.3, 34.4, 34.5, 34.6, 34.7, 34.8, 34.9, 35.0, 35.1, 35.2, 35.3, 35.4, 35.5, 35.6, 35.7, 35.8, 35.9, 36.0, 36.1, 36.2, 36.3, 36.4, 36.5, 36.6, 36.7, The bonding strength may be approximately 36.8, 36.9, 37.0, 37.1, 37.2, 37.3, 37.4, 37.5, 37.6, 37.7, 37.8, 37.9, 38.0, 38.1, 38.2, 38.3, 38.4, 38.5, 38.6, 38.7, 38.8, 38.9, 39.0, 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 39.4, 39.5, 39.6, or 39.7. The bonding strength can be measured by the method described in "Test Example 5" of this specification, and its unit is MPa. The bonding strength may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or at the same time as being above or above any one of the lower limits and below any one of the upper limits. The closer the range approaches the value for the composite material shown in the examples, the greater the improvement in effect can be expected.

[0056] In composite materials, the bonding force between the plastic plate and the metal plate may be indicated by the shading ratio, which will be described later.

[0057] For example, the bonding region of the composite material can exhibit a certain level of shadow ratio. The shadow ratio can be determined by the following formula 1.

[0058] [Formula 1] G R = 1 - (G a / G u )

[0059] In Formula 1, G R is the shadow ratio, G a is the average of the gray scale in the effective bonding surface area of the bonding region between the plastic plate and the metal plate, and G u is the average of the gray scale in the effective bonding surface area of the reference test piece.

[0060] The average G a of the gray scale can be obtained by irradiating the bonding region with light and receiving the reflected light when the irradiated light is reflected by the metal plate in the bonding region. In the gray scale graph obtained by second-differentiating the gray scale graph obtained by the received light, the area between the point with the highest gray scale and the next point with a higher gray scale or between the two points with the highest gray scale may be designated as the effective bonding surface area, and the average of the gray scale in the effective bonding surface area may be designated as the G a .

[0061] Before receiving the reflected light, the reflected light can be transmitted through a polarizing plate and then received. Such a method can prevent errors from occurring in the gray scale graph due to irregularities that have no relation to the bonding force in the bonding region.

[0062] The reference test piece means a test piece in which the same plastic plate and metal plate as the composite material are laminated in contact with each other without the bonding region.

[0063] The grayscale average G obtained for such reference specimens u The grayscale average G obtained for the aforementioned bonding region a The shading ratio G of Equation 1, which was also considered in conjunction with this. R This can replace the bonding force of the aforementioned bonding region.

[0064] The above G R , G a and G u A more specific method for determining this is described in "Test Example 6" of this specification.

[0065] The aforementioned shade ratio G R We confirmed that the bonding force in the bonding region of the composite material is substantially proportional to this.

[0066] The aforementioned shade ratio G R The lower limit may be around 0.130, 0.135, 0.140, 0.145, 0.150, 0.155, 0.160, 0.165, 0.170, 0.175, 0.180, 0.185, 0.190, 0.195, 0.200, 0.205, or 0.210, and the upper limit may be 1.0, 0.99, 0.98, 0.9 7, 0.96, 0.95, 0.94, 0.93, 0.92, 0.91, 0.90, 0.89, 0.88, 0.87, 0.86, 0.85, 0.84, 0.83, 0.82, 0.81, 0.80, 0.89, 0.88, 0.87, 0.86, 0.85, 0.84, 0.83, 0.82, 0.81 may be approximately. R The range may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and at the same time less than or less than any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the value for the composite material shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0067] The bonding force between the plastic plate and the metal plate, or the shading ratio G R In order to ensure excellent airtightness, several conditions must be met.

[0068] First, in the composite material, the plastic sheet must be molded so that it has no or minimal pores inside and exhibits uniform physical properties overall.

[0069] Furthermore, the surface of the metal plate in contact with the plastic plate must be treated appropriately.

[0070] Furthermore, the process conditions must be controlled according to the properties of the plastic sheet and the metal sheet when joining them together.

[0071] The above content will be explained below.

[0072] As mentioned above, the plastic sheet may be molded to have an uneven shape in order to form the internal space. The method for forming the uneven shape on the plastic sheet is not particularly limited. For example, the uneven shape can be formed by applying well-known plastic molding methods such as injection molding, vacuum forming, or press molding. However, in the process of forming the uneven shape on the plastic sheet, uneven pressure may be applied to the plastic sheet at a high temperature, and pores or bubbles may be formed inside the plastic sheet during this process. If the plastic sheet contains filler components, the possibility of such bubbles or pores occurring may increase further. However, in order to ensure airtightness and bonding strength, it is necessary to prevent the formation of bubbles and pores inside the plastic sheet, so the conditions for forming the uneven shape must be considered. Furthermore, in order to ensure airtightness and bonding strength, the plastic sheet itself must have high strength uniformly, and the strength deviation between the convex and concave parts of the uneven shape must be small.

[0073] To manufacture such a plastic sheet, it is important that pressure is applied to both the top and bottom of the plastic sheet during the process of forming the aforementioned uneven shape. For this reason, the uneven shape may be formed by a molding method that combines vacuum forming and press forming.

[0074] For example, the uneven shape can be formed by heating the plastic plate at a constant temperature and applying pressure to the upper and lower parts of the plastic plate.

[0075] In such cases, the relationship between the heating temperature and the glass transition temperature of the plastic plate (or the resin component contained therein) may be adjusted. For example, if the heating temperature is T and the glass transition temperature is Tg, the upper limit of the absolute value of the temperature deviation calculated by formula 100 × (T - Tg) / Tg may be around 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, or 35%, and the lower limit may be around 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30%. The absolute value of the temperature deviation may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits, while simultaneously being less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The deviation may be a positive or negative number. By applying pressure to a plastic plate heated within this range to form an uneven shape, it is possible to provide a plastic plate in which pores inside are minimized and uniform strength is ensured. Such effects can be further improved as the range approaches the values ​​applied in the examples.

[0076] On the other hand, when applying pressure at the above temperature to form irregularities, the pressure may be applied simultaneously to the upper and lower parts of the plastic plate. In this case, the magnitude of the pressure applied to the upper part of the plastic plate is P U Let P be the magnitude of the pressure applied at the bottom. L When this is done, the formula is 100 × (P U -P L ) / P LThe upper limit of the absolute value of the pressure deviation obtained may be approximately 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 28%, 26%, 24%, 22%, or 21%, and the lower limit may be approximately 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%. The absolute value of the pressure deviation may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits, while simultaneously being less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The deviation may be a positive or negative number. By applying pressure to a plastic plate heated within such a range to form an uneven shape, it is possible to provide a plastic plate in which pores inside are minimized and uniform strength is ensured. This effect can be further improved as the range approaches the values ​​applied in the examples.

[0077] The molding method described above is shown in the embodiments of this specification. However, the methods that can be applied to achieve the uneven shape are not limited to the methods described above.

[0078] The glass transition temperature Tg of the plastic sheet or the resin component contained therein is selected according to the type of plastic sheet to be applied, and there are no particular restrictions thereon. In one example, the lower limit of the glass transition temperature Tg of the plastic sheet or the resin component contained therein may be approximately 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 105°C, 110°C, 115°C, 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, 135°C, 140°C, or 145°C. The upper limit may be approximately 400°C, 390°C, 380°C, 370°C, 360°C, 350°C, 340°C, 330°C, 320°C, 310°C, 300°C, 290°C, 280°C, 270°C, 260°C, 250°C, 240°C, 230°C, 220°C, 210°C, 200°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, or 150°C. The glass transition temperature Tg may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or below or below any one of the upper limits above, or at the same time as being above or above any one of the lower limits above and below any one of the upper limits above.

[0079] The plastic sheet formed in this manner may exhibit uniform physical properties overall, despite having an uneven structure. For example, even when an uneven shape is formed on a plastic sheet, the physical properties of the convex and concave parts of that shape may be substantially the same. Furthermore, the plastic sheet may exhibit uniform strength despite having an uneven structure.

[0080] For example, in the plastic plate, the deviation between the tensile breaking strength of the recess and the tensile breaking strength of the protrusion may be adjusted to a predetermined range. The deviation between the tensile breaking strength of the recess and the protrusion is such that the tensile breaking strength of the recess is S M The tensile fracture strength of the convex portion is set to S P When this is done, 100 × (S P -S M ) / S M It is the absolute value of the result obtained, and its unit is %.

[0081] The upper limit of the deviation in tensile fracture strength between the convex and concave portions may be approximately 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, or 4%, and the lower limit may be approximately 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, or 3.5%. The deviation in tensile fracture strength between the convex and concave portions may be within the range of less than or equal to any one of the upper limits, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits, while simultaneously being within the range of less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the values ​​applied in the examples, the more likely it is that further improvements will be observed.

[0082] For example, the lower limit of the tensile breaking strength of the recess or protrusion of the plastic plate, or the average (arithmetic mean) of the tensile breaking strength of the recess and the protrusion, may be around 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, or 84, and the upper limit may be around 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, or 90. The method for measuring the tensile breaking strength or average is described in "Test Example 2" of this specification, and the unit is MPa. The tensile breaking strength or average may be within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, or simultaneously within the range of any one of the upper limits being less than or less than or greater than any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more improved the effect may be.

[0083] The aforementioned plastic sheet can exhibit uniform strength throughout. If the plate-shaped plastic sheet has edges formed in an arbitrary first direction, the standard deviation of the tensile breaking strength of the upper, middle, and lower sections obtained by dividing the molded body into three equal parts in a direction perpendicular to the edge in the first direction can be controlled to be below a certain level. The first direction is a direction parallel to any edge of the plastic sheet that can be observed when the plate-shaped plastic sheet is viewed along the thickness direction of the plastic sheet. For example, referring to Figure 3, if the plastic sheet is rectangular as shown in Figure 3, the direction of the horizontal side (100) or vertical side (200) of the rectangle becomes the first direction. In Figure 3, the dotted lines show the result of defining the upper section (U), middle section (M), and lower section (L) by dividing the molded body into three equal parts in a direction perpendicular to the edge in the first direction, with the vertical side (200) as the first direction. If the edges of the plastic plate are not in a straight line shape, the first direction can be defined as a virtual straight line connecting the two endpoints of the edge (2001 and 2002 in the case of Figure 3).

[0084] Dividing the plastic sheet into three equal parts along the first direction means dividing the plastic sheet so that the upper section (U), middle section (M), and lower section (L) have equal areas.

[0085] The standard deviation is calculated by dividing the tensile breaking strength of the upper, middle, and lower sections by S, respectively. U S M and S L Let A be the arithmetic mean of {[(S U -A) 2 +(S M -A) 2 +(S L -A) 2 ] / 3} 0.5 This is the value obtained by [the formula / method].

[0086] For example, the lower limit of the arithmetic mean of the tensile breaking strengths of the upper, middle, and lower sections of the plastic plate may be around 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, or 86, and the upper limit may be around 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, or 90. The method for measuring the tensile breaking strength or mean is described in "Test Example 3" of this specification, and the unit is MPa. The tensile breaking strength may be within the range of any one of the lower limits, or within the range of any one of the lower limits, and simultaneously within the range of any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more improved the effect may be.

[0087] The upper limit of the standard deviation of the tensile breaking strength of the upper, middle, and lower sections of the plastic plate may be approximately 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4.5, or 4, and the lower limit may be approximately 0, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, or 3.5. The standard deviation may be within the range of less than or equal to any one of the upper limits, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits, while simultaneously being within the range of less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more likely it is that further improvements will be observed.

[0088] By applying such plastic sheets, it is possible to provide composite materials with the desired bonding strength and airtightness.

[0089] Furthermore, the metal plate may be subjected to appropriate treatment in order to ensure the bonding strength and airtightness.

[0090] For example, at least the surface of the metal plate that is in contact with the plastic plate and forms the bonding region may be surface-treated. A Per pattern may be formed on the surface-treated surface of the metal plate.

[0091] The term "Per" refers to a shape having a groove and a burr. The term "Groove" refers to a region recessed below the average surface of the metal plate from the cross-section of the metal plate, and the term "Burr" refers to a region protruding above the average surface of the metal plate from the cross-section of the metal plate.

[0092] Such a per pattern may be a pattern formed by grooves on the surface of the metal plate, and such grooves may appear as a linear shape when the metal plate is observed from the surface. The per may include the groove and the burr when observed in cross-section, as illustrated in Figure 4. The surface of the metal plate that serves as the reference for distinguishing the groove and the burr may be the surface of the metal plate before the per is formed. The cross-section of the metal plate in which the groove and the burr are observed is the cross-section of the metal plate formed along a direction substantially perpendicular to the linear shape of the per as recognized when the metal plate is observed toward the surface in which the per pattern is formed. If the line of the per is not a straight line, the cross-section is the cross-section of the metal plate formed along the width direction of the groove as recognized when the metal plate is observed toward the surface in which the per pattern is formed.

[0093] The pattern of the pars may be formed on at least the surface of the metal plate that is in contact with the plastic plate.

[0094] For example, the lower limit of the ratio of the area of ​​the metal plate on which the pattern is formed, relative to the total area of ​​the metal plate, is 14%, 15%, 15.5%, 15.9%, 16%, 16.05%, 16.1%, 16.15%, 16.2%, 16.25%, 16.3%, 16.35%, 16.4%, 16.45%, 16.5%, 16.55%, 16.6%, 16.65%, 16. 7%, 16.75%, 16.8%, 16.85%, 16.9%, 16.95%, 17%, 17.05%, 17.1%, 17.15%, 17.2%, 17.25%, 17.3%, 17.35%, 17.4%, 17.45%, 17.5%, 17.55%, 17.6%, 17.65%, 17.7%, 17.75%, 17.8%, 17.85%, 17.9%, 17. 95%, 18%, 18.05%, 18.1%, 18.15%, 18.2%, 18.25%, 18.3%, 18.35%, 18.4%, 18.45%, 18.5%, 18.55%, 18.6%, 18.65%, 18.7%, 18.75%, 18.8%, 18.85%, 18.9%, 18.95%, 19%, 19.05%, 19.1%, 19.15%, 19.2 The percentage may be around 19.25%, 19.3%, or 19.35%, and its upper limit may be around 40%, 35%, 30%, 29.5%, 29%, 28.5%, 28%, 27.5%, 27%, 26.5%, 26%, 25.5%, 25%, 24.5%, 24%, 23.5%, 23%, 22.5%, 22%, 21.5%, 21%, 20.5%, or 20%. The percentage may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or below or below any one of the upper limits above, or both above or above any one of the lower limits above, and simultaneously below or below any one of the upper limits above. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more improved the effect may be.

[0095] The lower limit of the ratio of the area of ​​the metal plate on which the pattern is formed to the area of ​​the surface of the metal plate in contact with the plastic plate may be approximately 70%, 72%, 74%, 76%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96%, 98%, or 100%, and the upper limit may be approximately 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96%, 95%, 94%, 93%, 92%, 91%, or 90%. The ratio may be within the range of any one of the lower limits or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits, or within the range of any one of the upper limits or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the value applied in the embodiment, the more likely it is that an improved effect will be observed.

[0096] Figure 4 is an illustrative drawing of a cross-section of a bar formed on the surface of a metal plate. The depth of the groove, the width of the groove, and the height of the bar in such a bar can be adjusted considering the desired bonding strength or airtightness.

[0097] For example, the lower limit of the sum of the height of the burr and the depth of the groove may be around 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 155, 160, 165, or 170, and the upper limit may be around 500, 400, 350, 300, 250, 245, 240, 235, 230, 225, 220, 215, 210, 205, 200, 195, 190, 185, 180, 175, 170, 165, 160, 155, 150, 145, or 140. The unit of the sum of the height of the burr and the depth of the groove is μm. The sum of the height of the bar and the depth of the groove may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and less than or less than any one of the upper limits. Within this range, the desired bonding strength and airtightness can be more effectively ensured. Further improvements may be observed as the range approaches the values ​​applied in the embodiment. The height of the bar is the shortest distance between the surface of the metal plate and the most protruding part of the bar, and the depth of the groove is the shortest distance between the surface of the metal plate and the most deeply recessed part of the groove. In this case, the surface of the metal plate used as the reference for height and depth may be the surface of the metal plate before the groove is formed.

[0098] For example, the lower limit of the groove depth may be around 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, or 150, and the upper limit may be around 500, 400, 350, 300, 250, 245, 240, 235, 230, 225, 220, 215, 210, 205, 200, 195, 190, 185, 180, 175, 170, 165, 160, 155, 150, 145, or 140. The unit of the groove depth is μm. The depth of the groove may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and less than or less than any one of the upper limits. Within this range, the desired bonding strength and airtightness can be more effectively ensured. Further improvements may be observed as the range approaches the values ​​applied in the examples.

[0099] For example, the lower limit of the groove width may be around 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 160, or 170, and the upper limit may be around 1,000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 190, 180, 170, or 160. The unit of the groove width is μm. The groove width may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and less than or less than any one of the upper limits. Within such a range, the desired bonding strength and airtightness can be more effectively ensured. The closer the range is to the values ​​applied in the examples, the more likely it is that further improvements will be observed. The groove width is the width at the midpoint of the groove depth.

[0100] For example, the lower limit of the height of the bar (Burr) may be around 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 55, and the upper limit may be around 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 190, 180, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 120, 110, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, or 30. The unit of the height of the bar (Burr) is μm. The height of the bar (Burr) may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and at the same time less than or less than any one of the upper limits. Within such a range, the desired bonding strength and airtightness can be more effectively ensured. The closer the range is to the values ​​applied in the examples, the more improved the effect may be.

[0101] For example, the lower limit of the ratio of the groove width (W) to the groove depth (D) (W / D) may be around 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3, and the upper limit may be around 2.5, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, or 1.1. The ratio may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and less than or less than any one of the upper limits. Within this range, the desired bonding strength and airtightness can be more effectively ensured. Further improvements may be observed as the range approaches the values ​​applied in the examples.

[0102] For example, the lower limit of the ratio of the groove depth (D) to the bar height (H) (D / H) may be around 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, or 4.5, and the upper limit may be around 6.0, 5.5, 5.4, 5.3, 5.2, 5.1, 5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4.0, 3.9, 3.8, or 3.7. The ratio may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and less than or less than any one of the upper limits. Within such a range, the desired bonding strength and airtightness can be more effectively ensured. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more likely it is that further improved effects will be observed.

[0103] There are no particular limitations on the method for forming the pattern on the metal plate. For example, the pattern can be formed by scanning the surface of the metal plate with a laser of appropriate power or by physically scratching it.

[0104] For example, the method for forming the Per pattern may be a laser processing method. The laser scan speed during laser processing is not particularly limited, but for example, the lower limit of the scan speed may be around 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, or 900, and the upper limit may be around 1000, 990, 980, 970, 960, 950, 940, 930, 920, 910, or 900. The unit of the scan speed is mm / sec. The speed may be at or above any one of the lower limits, and at the same time within the range of being below or below any one of the upper limits. Within the aforementioned range, lowering the scan speed allows for an increase in the amount of energy applied for surface treatment, while higher values ​​allow for a decrease in the amount of energy applied. Therefore, the scan speed can be appropriately adjusted considering the desired pattern. However, the method of forming the pattern is not limited thereto.

[0105] The shape of the metal plate is not limited. For example, the metal plate may be in the form of a flat sheet. As mentioned above, the metal plate may also have an uneven surface if necessary. There are no particular restrictions on the method of imparting the uneven surface to the metal plate; for example, the uneven surface can be formed by appropriately bending or shaping the metal plate according to a well-known metal forming method. However, in the process of forming the uneven surface on the metal plate, it may become difficult to ensure airtightness due to bending regions, etc., so the metal plate may not have an uneven surface.

[0106] The internal space formed in the composite material can form a channel through which a cooling medium, such as cooling water or air, flows.

[0107] The internal space can be formed, for example, by creating an uneven shape on the plastic plate and / or metal plate, and joining the metal plate to the plastic plate.

[0108] The composite material having the aforementioned bonding strength and airtightness can be obtained by using the aforementioned plastic and metal plates, and can also be obtained by joining the plastic and metal plates using the method described later.

[0109] For example, the method for manufacturing the composite material may include a step of laminating the plastic plate and the metal plate to produce a laminate. In this process, the Per pattern may be formed on at least the surface of the metal plate facing the plastic plate that is in contact with the plastic plate.

[0110] For the manufacture of the composite material, a step of heating and / or pressurizing the laminate of the metal plate and the plastic plate may be performed. The conditions of the heating and / or pressurizing step may be adjusted to ensure the desired airtightness and bonding strength.

[0111] For example, the heating can be carried out in such a way that the following condition 1 is satisfied.

[0112] [Condition 1] A × Tg ≤ T P < Tg < T I < Tm

[0113] In condition 1, T P is the temperature of the plastic plate in the laminate measured during heating, and T g is the glass transition temperature of the plastic plate or the resin component contained in the plastic plate, T I Tm is the interface temperature between the metal plate and the plastic plate of the laminate measured during heating, and Tm may be the melting temperature of the metal plate.

[0114] In condition 1, A is any number, for example, it may be a number of approximately 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, or 0.6.

[0115] As specified in Condition 1, the temperature T of the plastic plate of the laminate measured during heating. P The value is controlled to be greater than or equal to A × Tg, but less than Tg.

[0116] Temperature T under condition 1 P This is adjusted by the glass transition temperature Tg of the plastic sheet or resin component to which it is applied. For example, the temperature T P The lower limit may be around 50°C, 52.5°C, 55°C, 57.5°C, 60°C, 62.5°C, 65°C, 67.5°C, 70°C, 72.5°C, 75°C, 77.5°C, 80°C, 82.5°C, 85°C, 87.5°C, or 90°C, and the upper limit may be around 200°C, 195°C, 190°C, 185°C, 180°C, 175°C, 170°C, 165°C, 160°C, 155°C, 150°C, 145°C, 130°C, 135°C, 130°C, 120°C, 125°C, 110°C, 105°C, 100°C, 95°C, or 90°C. P The range may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, or greater than or less than any one of the upper limits, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and at the same time less than or less than any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more likely it is that an improved effect will appear.

[0117] The glass transition temperature Tg of the plastic sheet or the resin component contained therein is selected according to the type of plastic sheet to be applied, and there are no particular restrictions thereon. In one example, the content regarding the glass transition temperature of the plastic sheet may be the same as the content described above.

[0118] In a heating process that satisfies condition 1, the T P The ratio of Tg to Tg / T P The ratio Tg / T may be adjusted. For example, the ratio Tg / T PThe upper limit may be around 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, or 1.65, and the lower limit may be around 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6. The aforementioned ratio Tg / T P The range may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, or greater than or less than any one of the upper limits, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and simultaneously less than or less than any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the greater the potential for improved effects.

[0119] In condition 1, the interface temperature T between the metal plate and the plastic plate is measured during heating. I This is determined by the glass transition temperature Tg and the melting temperature Tm. In one example, the temperature T I The lower limit may be around 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, or 180°C, and the upper limit may be around 300°C, 290°C, 280°C, 270°C, 260°C, 250°C, 240°C, 230°C, 220°C, 210°C, 200°C, 190°C, or 180°C. The interface temperature may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or below or below any one of the upper limits above, or simultaneously above or above any one of the lower limits above and below any one of the upper limits above. The closer the range is to the values ​​applied in the examples, the more likely it is that further improved effects will appear.

[0120] If condition 1 is met, T for Tg I The proportion T I / Tg may be further adjusted. For example, the ratio T IThe lower limit of / Tg may be around 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, or 1.1, and its upper limit may be around 3.0, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, or 1.2. I / Tg may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or below or below any one of the upper limits above, or simultaneously within the range of any one of the lower limits above or below, and below or below any one of the upper limits above. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more likely it is that an improved effect will appear.

[0121] The melting temperature of the metal plate is adjusted according to the type of metal and is determined by the intrinsic melting temperature Tm of the metal plate. In one example, the content regarding the melting temperature of the metal plate may be similarly applied to the content described above.

[0122] If condition 1 is met, the above T I The ratio of Tm to Tm / T I The Tm / T may be adjusted. For example, the Tm / T I The lower limit may be around 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, or 7.5, and the upper limit may be around 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, or 4. The ratio Tm / T I The range may be greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, or greater than or less than any one of the upper limits, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits, and simultaneously less than or less than any one of the upper limits. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the greater the potential for improved effects.

[0123] By maintaining the above conditions during the heating process, the desired composite material can be effectively manufactured. Although the reason is not entirely clear, it is believed that when the temperature is adjusted to satisfy condition 1, the molten state or fluidity of the plastic sheet and / or metal sheet is optimized, thereby yielding a composite material with the desired airtightness and bonding strength, and no deformation in appearance. Furthermore, the above effects can also be obtained when manufacturing the composite material over a large area.

[0124] There are no restrictions on the method used to satisfy the above-mentioned conditions during the heating process. For example, a method of applying heat to the top and / or bottom of the laminate may be used. As long as condition 1 is satisfied, the heat may be applied in either the top or bottom direction. However, to more effectively satisfy the above conditions, it is advantageous to apply the heat to both the top and bottom of the laminate.

[0125] The heat described above can be applied using, for example, a well-known heater such as a ceramic heater or a coil heater. For example, if a plastic plate is placed on top and a metal plate is placed on the bottom, the upper heater may be positioned to heat the plastic plate and the lower heater to heat the metal plate, and the upper and lower heaters can be operated simultaneously. Alternatively, for example, if a metal plate is placed on top and a plastic plate is placed on the bottom, the upper heater may be positioned to heat the metal plate and the lower heater to heat the plastic plate, and the upper and lower heaters can be operated simultaneously.

[0126] In the above manufacturing method, the pressurization may be performed separately after the heating as described above, or it may be performed simultaneously with the heating.

[0127] There are no particular restrictions on the method used to carry out such pressurization. For example, a method may be used in which pressure is applied to a laminate of plastic and metal plates using a suitable mold or other means. In this case, by adjusting the shape of the mold or the like, pressure may be applied only to areas in the laminate where the protrusions are not formed or to areas where the plastic and metal plates are in direct contact.

[0128] Such pressurization may be performed, for example, simultaneously at the top and bottom of the laminate, or at the top or bottom of the laminate only.

[0129] There are no particular restrictions on the magnitude of the pressure (P1) applied during the aforementioned pressurization. The pressure may be adjusted to an appropriate level depending on the purpose. For example, the lower limit of the pressure (P1) may be around 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 7500, 7600, 7700, 7800, 7900, 8000, 8100, 8200, 8300, 8400, 8500, 8600, 8700, 8800, 8850, 8900, 8950, 9000, 8950, 9000, 9050, 9100, 9150, or 9200, and its upper limit may be 11000, 10950. The pressure may be approximately 10900, 10850, 10800, 10750, 10700, 10650, 10600, 10550, 10500, 10450, 10400, 10350, 10300, 10250, 10200, 10150, 10100, 10050, 10000, 9950, 9900, 9850, 9800, 9750, 9700, 9650, 9600, 9550, 9500, 9450, 9400, 9350, 9300, 9250, or 9200. The unit of pressure is gf / cm. 2 The applied pressure (P1) during pressurization may be within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than or greater than the lower limit, or within the range of any one of the upper limits being less than or less than the lower limit, or simultaneously within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than the lower limit, and also less than or less than the upper limit. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more likely it is that an improved effect will appear.

[0130] The aforementioned pressurization time is also determined by the purpose and is not very limited. For example, the lower limit of the pressurization time may be around 10, 20, 30, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 seconds, and the upper limit may be around 3600, 3400, 3200, 3000, 2800, 2600, 2400, 2200, 2000, 1800, 1600, 1400, 1200, 1000, 800, 600, 400, 200, 100, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, or 50 seconds. The pressurization time may be within the range of any one lower limit or greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits, or within the range of any one upper limit or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits, or simultaneously within the range of any one lower limit or greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits and any one upper limit or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The pressurization time can also be appropriately adjusted by the pressure applied during pressurization.

[0131] As mentioned above, the heating and pressurizing can be performed simultaneously or sequentially.

[0132] For example, the heating and pressurizing may be carried out in a manner that includes a first step of heating the laminate of the plastic plate and the metal plate and a second step of pressurizing the laminate.

[0133] In the aforementioned case, the second stage may be carried out under conditions that satisfy condition 1. For example, heating in the first stage may be carried out in a manner that satisfies condition 1, and the second stage may begin while maintaining this state.

[0134] The method for manufacturing the composite material may further include a step of cooling the laminate, following the heating and pressurizing steps.

[0135] The conditions in the cooling process may be adjusted to produce the desired composite material. For example, the cooling process may also be carried out while applying a certain level of pressure to the laminate.

[0136] For example, the cooling step may be performed under pressurized conditions such that △P in the following formula 5 falls within a predetermined range. For example, the cooling step can be performed while adjusting the pressure applied to the laminate following the heating and pressurizing step (or the second stage) so that △P in the following formula 5 falls within a predetermined range. In one example, the upper limit of △P may be around 600%, 550%, 500%, 450%, 400%, 350%, 310%, or 300%, and its lower limit may be around 50%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 290%, or 300%. △P may be within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than the lower limit, or within the range of any one of the upper limits being less than or less than the upper limit, or both greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits and simultaneously within the range of any one of the upper limits being less than or less than the upper limit. The closer the range is to the value applied in the example, the more likely it is that further improved effects will appear.

[0137] [Formula 5] △P = 100 × (P2 - P3) / P3

[0138] In Equation 5, P2 is the pressure applied to the laminate during the pressurization step before cooling (for example, the second stage), and P3 is the pressure applied to the laminate during the cooling step. P2 may be the same as, for example, the range of the pressure P1 applied during pressurization as described above.

[0139] The cooling of the laminate may be carried out by natural cooling or forced cooling. In the case of natural cooling, the laminate is maintained under low temperature conditions (e.g., room temperature conditions), while forced cooling can be carried out by bringing the laminate into contact with a suitable cooling medium (e.g., cooling water).

[0140] The composite material can be manufactured through the above-mentioned process. The method for manufacturing the composite material may further include any steps necessary for the above-mentioned process. For example, the method may further include a step of desorption after the cooling step.

[0141] As described above, in the composite material, the plastic plate and the metal plate can provide an internal space that ensures airtightness while exhibiting excellent bonding strength.

[0142] Such internal spaces can form channels through which a cooling medium, such as cooling water or air, flows. These channels may be designed so that the cooling medium can effectively exchange heat with the heat-generating element when the cooling medium is applied.

[0143] For example, the internal space at the joint interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate may form a fluid channel through which a fluid can move. In such a case, the joint surface between the plastic plate and the metal plate may be formed to include an external joint surface located outside the fluid channel and a plurality of internal joint surfaces located inside the fluid channel.

[0144] The term "internal joint surface" refers to the region where the plastic plate and the metal plate are joined, and is formed such that the fluid is divided by the joined region during the process of fluid movement through the channel and then rejoins.

[0145] The term "external bonding surface" refers to the region where the plastic plate and the metal plate are joined, and is not the internal bonding surface.

[0146] The joining surface will be described with reference to Figure 5.

[0147] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the composite material as observed from the front (for example, in a direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the surface of the plastic plate), where the internal bonding surface (500) and the external bonding surface (600) are shown by diagonal lines, and the parts not shown by diagonal lines are the flow channels (internal spaces).

[0148] As partially shown by the arrows in Figure 5, in the configuration shown in Figure 5, the fluid may be injected into the inlet (In), then move along the flow path, and then be discharged again into the outlet (Out).

[0149] As can be seen from the diagram, the fluid encounters the internal joint surface (500) during its movement, is separated by the internal joint surface (500), and then rejoins within the flow path, but the external joint surface does not perform this function.

[0150] Such a fluid can move through the channel while in contact with the metal plate.

[0151] In one example, the flow path (internal space) may be formed such that the fluid injected into the joint interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate is discharged after moving over an area of ​​a certain percentage or more of the total area of ​​the metal plate (or plastic plate). This means, for example, that the area of ​​the flow path occupies a certain percentage or more of the area of ​​the metal plate. For example, the lower limit of the ratio of the area of ​​the flow path (AF) to the area of ​​the metal plate (AM) (100 × AF / AM) may be around 60%, 62%, 64%, 66%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 74%, 76%, 78%, or 80%, and the upper limit may be around 99%, 97%, 95%, 93%, 91%, 89%, 87%, 85%, 83%, or 81%. The ratio (100 × AF / AM) is the same as the ratio of the area of ​​the metal plate (or plastic plate) over which the fluid injected into the joint interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate moves to the area of ​​the metal plate (or plastic plate). The ratio may be within the range of any one lower limit or exceeding it, or it may be within the range of any one lower limit or exceeding it, and simultaneously less than or equal to any one upper limit. The larger the ratio, the more effectively the fluid can exchange heat. However, the larger the ratio, the smaller the surface area of ​​the joint between the plastic plate and the metal plate, and in that case, it is not easy to ensure excellent bonding strength. However, the composite material disclosed herein can ensure high bonding strength between the plastic plate and the metal plate and airtightness of the internal space (flow channel) while maximizing the ratio of 100 × AF / AM.

[0152] As shown in Figure 5, the internal joint surfaces (500) are formed within the flow path, and the density of the internal joint surfaces (500) may be controlled to enable effective heat exchange. The density of the internal joint surfaces is the ratio of the number of internal joint surfaces formed within the flow path to the total area of ​​the flow path. The lower limit of the density of the internal joint surfaces may be around 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, or 54, and the upper limit may be around 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, or 55. The unit of density is pieces / m 2 The density may be within the range of any one of the lower limits, or within the range of any one of the lower limits, and simultaneously within the range of any one of the upper limits. The internal bonding surface formed with the density allows the fluid moving through the flow path to effectively scan the entire area of ​​the flow path, resulting in stable and efficient heat exchange. The closer this ratio range is to the values ​​for the composite materials shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0153] The internal bonding surface may be designed such that R1 in the following equation 2 is within a certain range.

[0154] [Formula 2] R1 = A1 / A2

[0155] In Equation 2, A1 is the total area of ​​the flow path, and A2 is the sum of the areas of the multiple internal joint surfaces (total area), and the units of A1 and A2 are the same.

[0156] The lower limit of R1 in Equation 2 may be approximately 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20, and its upper limit may be approximately 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 23, or 21. R1 may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or below or below any one of the upper limits above, or simultaneously above or above any one of the lower limits above and below any one of the upper limits above. An internal joint surface formed to satisfy the range of R1 allows the fluid moving through the flow path to effectively scan the entire area of ​​the flow path, resulting in stable and efficient heat exchange. The closer this range of proportions is to the values ​​for the composite materials shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0157] The internal bonding surface may be designed such that R2 in the following equation 3 is within a certain range.

[0158] [Formula 3] R2 = A1 / A3

[0159] In Equation 3, A1 is the total area of ​​the flow path, and A3 is the area of ​​a single internal joint surface. For example, if the areas of multiple internal joint surfaces are not constant, A3 may be the arithmetic mean of the areas of the multiple internal joint surfaces. The units of A1 and A3 are the same.

[0160] The lower limit of R2 in Equation 3 may be approximately 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, or 165, and its upper limit may be approximately 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 190, 180, or 175. R2 may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or below or below any one of the upper limits above, or simultaneously above or above any one of the lower limits above and below any one of the upper limits above. An internal joint surface formed to satisfy the range of R2 allows the fluid moving through the flow path to effectively scan the entire area of ​​the flow path, resulting in stable and efficient heat exchange. The closer this range of proportions is to the values ​​for the composite materials shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0161] The internal bonding surface may be designed such that R3 in the following equation 4 is within a certain range.

[0162] [Formula 4] R3 = L 2 / A3

[0163] In Equation 4, L is the distance between multiple internal joint surfaces, and A3 is the area of ​​a single internal joint surface.

[0164] In the above, the units of L squared and A3 are the same.

[0165] In the above, the interval between multiple internal joint surfaces is the interval between the centers of adjacent internal joint surfaces (for example, L1 and L2 in Figure 5). For example, if no other internal joint surfaces lie on the imaginary line connecting the centers of any two internal joint surfaces when their centers are connected, then those two internal joint surfaces can be said to be adjacent to each other. In another example, if a fluid flows through a channel and is divided by one of the internal joint surfaces, then rejoins, and subsequently meets another internal joint surface, then those two internal joint surfaces can be said to be adjacent to each other. On the other hand, the center of the internal joint surface refers to the centroid. Furthermore, if there are multiple intervals between internal joint surfaces and they are not constant, then in Equation 5, the smallest interval among the multiple intervals, the longest interval among the multiple intervals, or the arithmetic mean of the multiple intervals is applied.

[0166] The lower limit of R3 in Equation 4 may be approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14, and its upper limit may be approximately 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, or 8. R3 may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or below or below any one of the upper limits, or both above or above any one of the lower limits and below any one of the upper limits. The internal joint surface formed to satisfy the range of R3 allows the fluid moving through the flow path to effectively scan the entire area of ​​the flow path, resulting in stable and efficient heat exchange. The closer this range of proportions is to the values ​​for the composite materials shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0167] The internal joint surface may be designed such that R4 in the following equation 5 is within a certain range.

[0168] [Formula 5] R4 = A1 / T 2

[0169] In Equation 5, T is the thickness of the flow path, and A1 is the total area of ​​the flow path.

[0170] In the above, the units of T squared and A1 are the same.

[0171] The lower limit of R4 in Equation 5 may be approximately 5,000, 5,500, 6,000, 6,500, 7,000, 7,500, 8,000, 8,500, or 9,000, and its upper limit may be approximately 50,000, 45,000, 40,000, 35,000, 30,000, 25,000, 20,000, 15,000, 10,000, 9,500, or 9,200. R4 may be within the range of any one of the lower limits above or above, or within the range of any one of the upper limits above or below, or simultaneously within the range of any one of the lower limits above or below, and at the same time within the range of any one of the upper limits above or below. The internal bonding surface, formed to satisfy the range of R4, allows it to move at an appropriate speed while effectively scanning the entire area of ​​the flow path, resulting in stable and efficient heat exchange. Further improvements can be expected as this range approaches the values ​​for the composite materials shown in the examples.

[0172] The shape of the internal joint surface is not particularly limited, and as long as the fluid flowing through the channel can be appropriately divided and then rejoined as described above, it can be formed into a variety of shapes.

[0173] In the composite material, the ratio (AT / AA) of the total area of ​​the composite material to the total area (AA) of the external and internal bonding surfaces may be adjusted. For example, the lower limit of the ratio (AT / AA) may be around 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, and the upper limit may be around 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, or 5.5. The ratio may be within the range of any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than the lower limit, or within the range of any one of the upper limits being less than or less than the upper limit, or both greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits being greater than or greater than the lower limit, and simultaneously less than or less than the upper limit. The closer the range of such a ratio is to the value in the composite material shown in the examples, the more improved the effect can be expected.

[0174] A flow path designed to satisfy the above conditions can enable effective heat exchange while the fluid moving inside effectively scans the entire area of ​​the flow path at an appropriate speed. However, such a design may make it difficult to ensure the bonding efficiency between the plastic plate and the metal plate.

[0175] This specification also discloses applications of the composite material. For example, the composite material may be used as a so-called heat sink. As is well known, a heat sink is a component that can absorb or dissipate heat from another object through direct or indirect thermal contact. Since it is advantageous for such a heat sink to have as large a surface area as possible, a composite material comprising a plastic plate with an uneven shape and a surface-treated metal plate, as described above, can be advantageously used as a heat sink.

[0176] The heat sink may include a plate-shaped plastic sheet having an uneven surface, similar to the composite material described above. It may also include a metal sheet having a Per pattern, similar to the composite material described above. The same specifications described above can be applied to the plastic sheet, such as the resin component and filler component, the absolute value of the difference in tensile breaking strength between the recessed and convex portions, the standard deviation of the tensile breaking strength of the upper, middle, and lower portions, and the thickness of the plate-shaped plastic sheet. Similarly, the same specifications described above can be applied to the metal sheet, such as the Per pattern, the thickness of the metal sheet, and the melting temperature.

[0177] Furthermore, as with the composite material described above, the heat sink can be treated in the same way as described above regarding the maximum allowable pressure, the rate of pressure drop, the amount of pressure drop over 60 seconds, and the pressure loss level LP according to Equation 1.

[0178] This specification also discloses an apparatus comprising the composite material.

[0179] For example, the apparatus may include the composite material and a cooling medium. The cooling medium may be present in the flow path of the composite material or prepared to be injected into the flow path.

[0180] The device may be, for example, a cooling device such as the aforementioned heat sink or thermal interface material (TIM).

[0181] The type of cooling medium is not particularly limited, and for example, cooling water such as water or gases such as air can be used.

[0182] The apparatus may also include a heating element and the composite material. The apparatus may also include the heating element and the cooling device. In this case, the composite material and the heating element may be in thermal contact. In this specification, the term “thermal contact” refers to contact in which heat from the heating element is transferred to the composite material, and does not necessarily mean that they are physically touching each other.

[0183] The type of heat-generating element is not particularly limited. The heat-generating element may be any type of component, element, or device that generates heat during operation or storage and for which such heat must be controlled. Examples of such heat-generating elements include, but are not limited to, battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs.

[0184] For example, the apparatus may additionally include the cooling medium. The cooling medium may be present in the flow channel of the composite material or prepared to be injected into the flow channel. [Effects of the Invention]

[0185] This specification discloses composite materials and their applications. In one example, the composite material may be a composite material in which a metal plate and a plastic plate are joined together, and an internal space exists at the interface between the metal plate and the plastic plate. According to the provisions of this specification, when the composite material is used as a heat dissipation material (e.g., a heat sink) in which a fluid such as a cooling medium moves through the internal space, the internal space can be designed to enable stable and effective heat exchange between the fluid and a heat-generating element. Furthermore, according to the provisions of this specification, high airtightness can be ensured in the internal space so that the heat exchange performance is maintained without loss over the long term. According to the provisions of this specification, even when the composite material is manufactured in large area or on a large scale, it can exhibit the excellent heat exchange performance and durability due to its airtightness. This specification also discloses applications of composite materials. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0186] [Figure 1] This figure shows an example of a cross-section of a composite material. [Figure 2] This is one exemplary process for forming the composite material shown in Figure 1. [Figure 3] This is an illustrative process of dividing a plastic sheet into three equal parts. [Figure 4] This is an illustrative diagram to explain Per. [Figure 5] This is an illustrative diagram illustrating the shape of the flow channel and the joint surface. [Figure 6] This diagram illustrates the process of forming a plastic sheet with an uneven surface. [Figure 7] This diagram illustrates the process of forming a plastic sheet with an uneven surface. [Figure 8] This is a diagram illustrating the laser processing area used in the example. [Figure 9] This is an SEM image of the uneven-shaped plastic plate manufactured in the example. [Figure 10] This is an SEM image of the uneven-shaped plastic plate manufactured in the example. [Figure 11] This diagram illustrates the process of collecting a sample from a plastic plate. [Figure 12] This diagram is derived in the process of evaluating the airtightness of the interior space. [Figure 13] This diagram is derived in the process of evaluating the airtightness of the interior space. [Figure 14] This is a diagram illustrating a test specimen used to measure tensile fracture strength. [Figure 15] This diagram illustrates the process of evaluating the shading ratio. [Figure 16] This figure illustrates the results of a grayscale evaluation. [Figure 17] This figure shows the result of differentiating the graph in Figure 16. [Figure 18] This diagram shows the relationship between shading ratio and bonding strength. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0187] The composite materials, etc. will be described in detail below through examples and comparative examples, but the range of the composite materials, etc. is not limited by the examples below.

[0188] Example 1 Manufacturing of plastic sheets A plastic plate (100) with a convex shape (1001) and a concave shape (1002) was manufactured as shown in Figure 1.

[0189] The convex and concave shapes (1001, 1002) were adjusted so that after the plastic plate was joined to the metal plate, a flow channel in the form shown in Figure 5 was formed. The total area of ​​the flow channel formed according to Figure 5 is approximately 146,180 mm². 2 The total area of ​​the external joint surface (600) is approximately 29,308 mm². 2 The total area of ​​the internal joint surfaces (500) is approximately 7,050 mm². 2 The convex and concave shapes (1001, 1002) were formed to the extent described above. There are a total of eight internal joint surfaces (500) in the flow path, and each internal joint surface (500) has the same area, with the area of ​​a single internal joint surface being approximately 881.26 mm². 2 The surface was formed so that the spacing between adjacent internal joining surfaces was approximately 78.38 mm (L2 in Figure 5) or 114.45 mm (L1 in Figure 5). After forming the uneven shape, the total area of ​​the plastic plate as seen from the front was approximately 182,538 mm². 2 It was to that extent. Furthermore, the concave shape (1002) was formed to a depth of approximately 4 mm.

[0190] A rectangular plastic sheet (raw material) was prepared, with a width of approximately 610 mm, a length of approximately 308 mm, and a thickness of approximately 2 mm. This raw material was manufactured by applying an extrusion process to a material blended with mPPO (Modified PPO (Polyethylene oxide)) and glass fiber in a weight ratio of 8:2 (mPPO: filler component). The mPPO resin component had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 145°C. The glass fiber used had a cross-sectional diameter of approximately 12.5 μm and an aspect ratio of approximately 24.

[0191] The glass transition temperature was measured using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC 8000, Perkin Elmer (USA)). During measurement, the temperature range was from 40°C to 350°C, and the glass transition temperature was measured while observing the change in heat flow using a heating and cooling mode with heating and cooling rates of 10°C. The samples used for measurement had a diameter of approximately 2 mm or less and were weighed to approximately 10 mg.

[0192] As shown in Figure 6, the material (1000) was placed on a first mold (2000) having an incised shape corresponding to the desired uneven shape. A second mold (3000) having corresponding corner shapes of the uneven shape formed thereon was placed on top of the material (1000).

[0193] A ceramic heater was used to maintain the surface temperature of the dough (1000) at approximately 195°C. The ceramic heater was located inside the heating device, and with the ceramic heater positioned above the dough, the temperature was raised to the target temperature by temperature control of a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) system. Whether or not the surface temperature of the dough was controlled to the target temperature was confirmed using a non-contact infrared thermometer.

[0194] Next, while maintaining the temperature, the second mold (3000) was moved downwards while suction (L) was applied at the bottom of the first mold (2000) as shown in Figure 6, and pressure was applied to the dough (1000) in the form shown in Figure 7.

[0195] The suction (L) was performed with the device's gauge fully open. This type of suction resulted in a vacuum flow of approximately 1 atmosphere based on the rate, and the pressure applied to the fabric was approximately 690.2 gf / cm². 2 The applied load is approximately 1500 kg. The pressure applied by the second mold (3000) is approximately 548.7 gf / cm² to the molded body formed by the suction. 2 The procedure was carried out to apply a pressure level of approximately 1000 kg.

[0196] After maintaining the above state for about 10 seconds, the temperature of the dough (1000) was reduced to about 40°C and a cooling process was performed. After the cooling process, the first and second molds (2000, 3000) were separated and the molded plastic sheet was recovered.

[0197] Manufacturing of metal sheets A rectangular aluminum plate was prepared, with a width of approximately 610 mm, a length of approximately 308 mm, and a thickness of approximately 3 mm (melting temperature approximately 660.3°C). The melting temperature of the aluminum plate was measured under the same conditions and with the same apparatus used to measure the glass transition temperature of the mPPO.

[0198] The surface of the metal plate was laser-treated to form a Per pattern. This laser treatment was performed only on the portion of the metal plate's surface that would come into contact with the plastic plate during the manufacturing of the composite material. The area where the laser treatment was performed corresponds to the shaded region in Figure 8. The area of ​​this shaded region is approximately 36,358.42 mm². 2 It was to that extent.

[0199] The aforementioned laser processing was performed using a laser irradiation device (50W Fiber marking machine, K2 Laser) equipped with a fiber source. The surface of the metal plate was treated by irradiating it with a laser using the aforementioned laser irradiation device. Laser irradiation was performed by cross-scanning (mesh configuration) the surface to be treated at a scan speed (scan rate) of approximately 850 mm / sec, with four scans performed on the same surface. The laser output was set to approximately 50W, and the repetition rate was set to approximately 70 kHz for laser irradiation.

[0200] The above treatment formed a per (Per) on the surface of the metal plate as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 shows the shape observed when the cross-section of the treated aluminum plate (the surface observed when the aluminum plate is cut along the direction normal to the surface) is viewed. As shown in Figure 4, the per (Per) includes burrs and grooves. The width of the grooves was approximately 150 μm, the depth of the grooves was approximately 110-120 μm, and the height of the burrs was approximately 30 μm.

[0201] Manufacturing of composite materials The prepared plastic plate (100) and metal plate (200) were laminated in the form shown in Figure 1, and a composite material was manufactured by joining them through heating and pressurizing.

[0202] The joining was performed using a device (BG-200 (Modified), Songshin Hydraulic Machinery) capable of forming a sealed internal space, heating the internal space, adjusting the pressure in the internal space to pressurize the laminate while it was heated, and also capable of cooling. The laminate was positioned in the internal space of the device (BG-200 (Modified)). The plastic plate (100) of the laminate was positioned at the top, and the metal plate (200) was positioned below it.

[0203] The laminate was heated in the above state (heating step). The heating was performed by simultaneously operating an upper heater located on the plastic plate (100) side of the laminate and a lower heater located on the metal plate (200) side. The heating was carried out until the temperature (T P ) of the plastic plate (100) reached about 90°C and the interfacial temperature (T I ) between the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) reached about 180°C. The temperature (T P ) of the plastic plate (100) was measured by cross-checking using a TC (Thermal couple) built into the device (BG-200 (Modified)) and a non-contact infrared thermometer, and the interfacial temperature (T I ) between the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) was confirmed by directly positioning a thermometer (portable temperature loader (Thermal couple)) at the interface.

[0204] When the temperature of the upper heater was set to 90°C and the temperature of the lower heater was set to 180°C and operated, the temperature (T P ) of the plastic plate (100) and the interfacial temperature (T I ) were confirmed about 1400 seconds after the start of operation.

[0205] When the temperature (T P ) of the plastic plate (100) and the interfacial temperature (T I ) reached the above temperatures, the pressure in the sealed internal space of the device was adjusted to pressurize the laminate (pressurizing step). The pressurization was performed by using a mold to press the plastic plate and apply a load. At this time, the pressurization was carried out so that a load was applied to the laminate at a pressure of about 9,200 gf / cm 2 (applied load of about 20 tons). Only the joint portion of the laminate (the portion where the surface treatment of the plastic plate (100) and the metal portion (200) was performed) was pressurized during the pressurization.

[0206] The pressurization was carried out for about 50 seconds while maintaining the temperature (T P ) of the plastic plate (100) and the interfacial temperature (T I ) achieved by heating.

[0207] A cooling process was performed after the pressurization described above (cooling process).

[0208] The cooling process was carried out by circulating cooling water around the sealed space. Cooling was performed by applying a pressure of approximately 2300 gf / cm² to the laminate. 2 The process was carried out with the applied load reduced to approximately 5 tons, and the temperature of the laminate (the temperature of the plastic sheet (100) (T P ) and interface temperature (T I The process was carried out until the temperature was approximately 60°C or lower. After the cooling, the laminate was detached and the composite material was recovered.

[0209] Example 2 During the heating and pressurizing process, the interface temperature (T) between the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) I The composite material was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1, except that the conditions were adjusted so that the temperature reached approximately 160°C.

[0210] Example 3 The composite material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the laser scanning speed was changed to approximately 800 mm / sec during the processing of the metal plate, and the groove width of the Per groove was set to approximately 150 μm, the depth to approximately 140 μm, and the height of the Burr groove to approximately 30 μm.

[0211] Example 4 The composite material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a rectangular SUS 304 plate (melting temperature approximately 1400°C) with a width of approximately 610 mm, a length of approximately 308 mm, and a thickness of approximately 3 mm was laser-treated to form a per pattern with grooves approximately 150 μm wide and 130 μm deep, and burrs approximately 30 μm high.

[0212] Comparative Example 1 The composite material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a rectangular SUS 304 plate (melting temperature approximately 1400°C) with a width of approximately 610 mm, a length of approximately 308 mm, and a thickness of approximately 3 mm was laser-treated to form a per pattern with grooves approximately 150 μm wide and 95 μm deep, and burrs approximately 10 μm high.

[0213] Comparative Example 2 The composite material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the laser scanning speed was adjusted during the processing of the metal plate so that the width of the Per groove was approximately 150 μm, the depth was approximately 155 μm, and the height of the Burr was approximately 30 μm.

[0214] Comparative Example 3 The composite material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the laser scanning speed was adjusted during the processing of the metal plate so that the width of the Per groove was approximately 150 μm, the depth was approximately 95 μm, and the height of the Burr was approximately 10 μm.

[0215] Test Example 1 Cross-sections of the plastic plate from Example 1 and the reference plastic plate were photographed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (JEOL, JSM-7800F model) to evaluate the presence or absence of pore formation. The plastic plate was cross-sectionally processed with a TXP pretreatment device and then photographed with the SEM. The reference plastic plate was formed using the same method as in Example 1, but without the pressurization by the upper mold. During the photography, the BED-C observation mode was applied, and the magnification, working distance, and acceleration voltage were set to 100x, 15 mm (Working Distance), and 15.0 kV, respectively. Figure 9 shows the results for the plastic plate from Example 1, and Figure 10 shows the results for the reference plastic plate. Through Figures 9 and 10, it can be seen that almost no pores were observed inside the plastic plate used in Example 1, while a large number of pores were observed inside the reference plastic plate.

[0216] Test Example 2 The tensile breaking strength of the convex and concave sections of the plastic plate from Example 1 and the reference plastic plate from Test Example 1 was evaluated. Figure 11 is a front view photograph of the plastic plate. As shown in Figure 11, test specimens were manufactured by cutting the concave section (rectangle filled with shaded lines in Figure 11) and the convex section (rectangle filled with dots in Figure 11) of the plastic plate. The test specimens were cut using a water jet process, and were formed to have a horizontal length of approximately 45 mm and a vertical length of approximately 12.5 mm. As shown by the rectangles in Figure 11, a total of 32 test specimens were obtained for the convex section and a total of 17 test specimens were obtained for the concave section.

[0217] The tensile breaking strength of a test specimen was measured at room temperature (approximately 25°C) using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) device. Approximately 8 mm from each end of the test specimen in the lateral direction was fixed to the device, and the strength at which the specimen fractured (tensile breaking strength) was measured while performing uniaxial tension in the lateral direction (parallel to the ends). The tensioning was performed at a constant speed of approximately 50 mm / sec.

[0218] The measurement results mentioned above are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0219]

Table 1

[0220] The deviation (%) in Table 1 is the result of calculating by substituting the concave tensile fracture strength S M and the convex tensile fracture strength S P into the formula 100×(S M -S P ) / S P .

[0221] Test Example 3 The plastic plate of Example 1 and the reference plastic plate of Test Example 1 were divided into three equal parts in the longitudinal direction (the direction of the arrow in FIG. 11) to have the same length, and then test pieces for the upper, middle, and lower parts were manufactured. After that, the tensile fracture strength of each part was evaluated in the same manner as in Test Example 2. The cutting of the test pieces was performed by the Water jet process.

[0222] As shown in FIG. 11, test pieces were obtained from the convex shape (the rectangle filled with dots in FIG. 11) and the concave part (the rectangle filled with slashes in FIG. 11) of the plastic plate, and test pieces were obtained from the upper, middle, and lower parts in the above-described manner. When cutting the test pieces, the test pieces were cut so that the TD (Transverse direction) direction of the plastic plate was in the horizontal direction. The TD direction is the direction based on the extrusion process for manufacturing the fabric.

[0223] Four test pieces (a total of 8 test pieces) were collected from the convex and concave shapes of the upper part by the above method, and test pieces were also collected from the middle and lower parts in the same manner.

[0224] The tensile fracture strength of the test pieces was evaluated in the same manner as in the case of Test Example 2, and the results were summarized and described in Table 2.

[0225] The unit of the tensile fracture strength in Table 2 below is MPa, which is the average value of the tensile fracture strength measured for the test pieces collected from the upper, middle, and lower parts respectively.

[0226] Also, in Table 2 below, the standard deviation is the tensile breaking strength S of the upper part U , the tensile breaking strength S of the middle part M , and the tensile breaking strength S of the lower part L substituted into the formula {[(S U -A) 2 +(S M -A) 2 +(S L -A) 2 / 3} 0.5 and the value obtained by substituting, where A in the above formula is the arithmetic mean of the S U , S M and S L .

[0227]

Table 2

[0228] Test Example 4 The airtightness of the composite material was evaluated. A certain pressure was applied to the internal space formed by the joining of the concave portion (1002) of the plastic plate (100) of the composite material and the metal plate (200), and the airtightness was evaluated by observing the tendency of the corresponding pressure to be maintained or decreased.

[0229] In the composite material, there is an internal space formed by the joining of the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200), and this internal space is sealed by the joint of the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200). However, there are two passages communicating with the outside in the internal space, and one of the two passages was sealed with a jig equipped with a rubber ring gasket. Also, although the other passage was sealed with a jig equipped with a rubber ring gasket, air was allowed to be injected into the corresponding passage.

[0230] In the case of airtightness, the evaluation was carried out according to the following procedure. <"0000901"> Step 1: Inject air until the pressure in the internal space of the composite material reaches the target pressure; Step 2: Inject air for 20 seconds starting from when air injection begins, and inject air to maintain and stabilize the target pressure; Step 3: After Step 2, stop air injection and check for pressure drop.

[0232] Figure 12 shows the results of the airtightness evaluation for the composite material of Example 1. Figure 12 shows the airtightness evaluation performed while gradually increasing the target pressure in Steps 1 to 3 to 0.5 bar, 1 bar, 1.5 bar, 2 bar, 2.5 bar, and 3.0 bar.

[0233] That is, for the composite material, first set the target pressure to 0.5 bar and perform Steps 1 to 3. Then, set the target pressure to 1 bar again for the composite material and sequentially perform Steps 1 to 3. The same process was repeated while increasing the target pressure by 0.5 bar to 1.5 bar, 2 bar, 2.5 bar, and 3.0 bar.

[0234] Looking at Figure 12, when performing the above process, the pressure in the internal space is stably maintained for about 80 seconds up to a target pressure of 2.5 bar. However, when the airtightness evaluation was performed with a target pressure of 3.0 bar, a rapid decrease in pressure occurred when the internal pressure reached 2.8 bar, and it was confirmed that the internal pressure could not be maintained. Such pressure loss is considered to be caused by joint failure at the joint interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate of the composite material. From such results, it can be confirmed that the maximum allowable pressure of the composite material of Example 1 is within the range of 2.5 bar or more and less than 2.8 bar. In the evaluations for Example 2 and Example 3, the maximum allowable pressure was also confirmed within the range of 2.5 bar or more and less than 2.8 bar.

[0235] Figure 13 shows the result of checking the pressure drop pattern in the internal space with air injection stopped following Step 2 of the airtightness evaluation process. Since the result of Figure 13 shows the trend in Step 3, the 0 second on the x-axis of Figure 13 is the 20 second on the x-axis of Figure 12. The y-axis of Figure 13 is the pressure drop rate per unit time (unit: Pa / sec) at the corresponding point on the x-axis.

[0236] The results of the aforementioned confidentiality assessment are summarized in Table 3 below.

[0237] In Table 3, the standard is for composite materials formed using the same method as in Example 1, except that the plastic sheet of the composite material is the result of applying the standard plastic sheet from Test Example 1.

[0238] [Table 3]

[0239] In Table 3, P1 is the maximum allowable pressure obtained by the measurement, in bar units, Prate is the pressure drop rate, in Pa / sec units, P2 is the pressure drop over 60 seconds, in bar units, and Q is the pressure loss level, in % units.

[0240] P1 (maximum allowable pressure) in Table 3 represents the maximum pressure at which the target pressure can be maintained for approximately 60 seconds or more from the point when air injection is stopped, while performing the airtightness evaluation, with the target pressure in stages 1 to 3 gradually increased in increments of 0.5 bar from 0.5 bar to 0.5 bar, in the order of 0.5 bar, 1 bar, 1.5 bar, 2 bar, 2.5 bar, and 3.0 bar. Maintaining the target pressure here means that the pressure measured in bar units is maintained at a substantially constant level. For example, in Examples 1 to 4, when the target pressure was set to 2.5 bar, the pressure (bar) was maintained for approximately 60 seconds, but when it was set to 3.0 bar, rupture occurred when it exceeded 2.8 bar, so the maximum allowable pressure was specified as 2.5 bar. On the other hand, the maximum allowable pressure in Comparative Example 3 was at the 1 to 1.5 bar level.

[0241] Prate (pressure drop rate) describes the rate and level of pressure decrease from the point when air injection is stopped (air injection is stopped immediately after stabilization, when the target pressure is maintained and stabilized for 20 seconds in step 2). This rate was measured by injecting air up to the maximum allowable pressure (P1) for each composite material, stopping the air injection immediately after stabilization, and evaluating the rate by reducing the pressure to the point where no further pressure loss occurs.

[0242] In Table 3, the 60-second pressure drop P2 is the difference (P2-P60) between the maximum allowable pressure (P1) and the internal pressure (P60) 60 seconds after the air supply has stopped during the process of evaluating the pressure drop rate.

[0243] The pressure loss level Q in Table 3 is the result obtained by substituting the maximum allowable pressure P1 and the 60-second pressure drop P2 into equation 100 × {1-(P1-P2) / P1}.

[0244] Test Example 5 The bonding strength between the plastic plate and the metal plate was evaluated for the composite materials of the examples or comparative examples. The bonding strength was evaluated by cutting each composite material to produce a test specimen in the form shown in Figure 14. The test specimen in Figure 14 is a laminate of a plastic plate (100) and a metal plate (200) obtained from the composite material. The length of the bonded area of ​​the test specimen (part B in Figure 14) is approximately 9 mm, the length of the unbonded areas of the plastic plate (100) and metal plate (200) (parts A and C in Figure 14) is approximately 36 mm, and the width of the test specimen is approximately 12.5 mm. When it was difficult to cut a test specimen in the form shown in Figure 14 from the composite material, the same plastic plate and metal plate used in the manufacture of each composite material were applied, and the same bonding method was used to produce a test specimen in the form shown in Figure 14, which was then used for evaluation.

[0245] The bonding strength of the test piece was evaluated. The bonding strength evaluated in this test example was measured by a method corresponding to the so-called tensile shear strength measurement method. The bonding strength was measured at room temperature (about 25°C) using a UTM (Universal Testing Machine, Zwick / roell Z030) device. After fixing the protruding regions of the metal plate (200) and the plastic plate (100) of the test piece as shown in Fig. 14 (the parts indicated by A and C in Fig. 14) to the device, the bonding strength was evaluated while peeling the plastic plate (100) from the metal plate (200). The peeling was performed at a peeling angle of about 180 degrees (parallel between the metal-plastic material parts) and a peeling speed of about 50 mm / min. The evaluation results were summarized in Tables 4 and 5 below. In Tables 4 and 5, the unit of the bonding strength is MPa. <![CDATA[ ]]><![CDATA[

[0246] ]]><![CDATA[ ]]><![CDATA[ ]]>

Table 4

[0247] ]]><![CDATA[ ]]><![CDATA[ ]]>

Table 5

[0248] ]]><![CDATA[ ]]>Test Example 6<![CDATA[ ]]>Test pieces were manufactured by cutting the joint part of the metal plate and the plastic plate of the composite material of Example 1. The test pieces were manufactured to have a horizontal length of about 12.5 mm and a vertical length of about 9 mm. <![CDATA[ ]]><![CDATA[

[0249] ]]><![CDATA[ ]]>Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 15, the test piece was placed on a placement table (S) having an inclination of angle A. The placement was such that the metal plate (200) of the test piece was closer to the placement table (S) than the plastic plate (100). The angle A was about 30 degrees. Then, as shown in Fig. 15, light was made to enter the surface of the plastic plate (100) of the test piece at an incident angle of about 30 degrees (A1 in Fig. 15) with a light source (L). <![CDATA[ ]]><![CDATA[

[0250] ]]><![CDATA[ ]]>For the light source (L), LED lighting that emits infrared rays with a wavelength of about 1550 nm was used.

[0251] When light incident from a light source (L) was reflected by a metal plate (200), the reflected light was received by an NIR (Near Infrared) camera (N). An NIR (Near Infrared) polarizing plate (Edmund Optics, #12-475) (P) was positioned in the path of the reflected light so that the reflected light would pass through the polarizing plate and then be received by the NIR camera (N). The NIR polarizing plate (P) and the NIR camera (N) were positioned at an angle of approximately 30 degrees (angle B in Figure 15) relative to the surface of the measurement test piece so that the reflected light would be transmitted and received. The distance from the light source to the point of light incidence on the measurement test piece (L1 in Figure 15) was approximately 11 cm, the distance from the reflection point to the polarizing plate (P) (L2 in Figure 15) was approximately 15 cm, and the distance from the polarizing plate (P) to the camera (N) (L3 in Figure 15) was approximately 2 cm. The NIR camera (N) used was the ABA-003VIR from Aval Global.

[0252] Through this method of imaging, the ABA-003VIR provides grayscale evaluation results as shown in Figure 16. In Figure 16, the pixels on the x-axis correspond to each point on the lateral side of the test specimen. That is, for example, point 0 on the x-axis of Figure 16 may correspond to the leftmost point on the lateral side of the measurement test specimen, and point 80 may correspond to the rightmost point on the lateral side.

[0253] Using the Origin program, the grayscale graph shown in Figure 16 is subjected to a second derivative, resulting in the grayscale graph shown in Figure 17. In the obtained second derivative result, the area between the two points with the highest grayscale (or the point with the highest grayscale and the next highest point) is designated as the effective bonding surface, and the average value of the graph within this effective bonding surface is calculated as G a I obtained it.

[0254] A reference test specimen was manufactured separately. The reference test specimen was manufactured by cutting the same plastic and metal plates used in the examples to a length of approximately 12.5 mm horizontally and approximately 9 mm vertically, and then simply laminating the cut plastic and metal plates. In other words, the heating, pressurizing, and cooling processes were not performed on the reference test specimen. The lamination was carried out so that the laser-treated surface of the metal plate was in contact with the plastic plate.

[0255] A grayscale graph is obtained for the reference test specimen using ABA-003VIR in the same manner as the measurement test specimen, and a grayscale graph obtained by second derivative using the Origin program is then specified as the effective bonding surface between the two points with the highest grayscale (or the point with the highest grayscale and the next highest grayscale) from the obtained second derivative result, and the average value of the graph of the effective bonding surface is calculated G u I obtained it.

[0256] Table 6 below shows the grayscale average value G obtained above. a and G u and the above average value G R = 1-G a / G u The shading ratio G obtained by substituting into the formula. R This is a summary of the information provided.

[0257] Table 6 shows the results of the G procedure performed a total of three times on the composite material of Example 1. a , G u and G R This shows the results of measurements taken.

[0258] [Table 6]

[0259] Figure 18 shows the shading ratio G for each composite material. RThis graph shows the relationship between the shading ratio GR and the bonding force, measured and compared. From Figure 18, it can be confirmed that the shading ratio GR and the bonding force are proportional to each other. In the graph of Figure 18, if the shading ratio is x and the bonding force is y, the relationship between the two is approximately y = 273.13x - 16.015, and R 2 The value was approximately 0.8727, confirming a high degree of consistency between the data and the trend line.

Claims

1. It includes joined plastic and metal plates, Of the aforementioned plastic plate and metal plate, one or both have an uneven surface. An internal space is formed at the bonding interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate, due to the uneven shape. A composite material in which the maximum allowable pressure of the internal space is 2.0 bar or more.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the pressure loss level in the internal space is 0.5% or less.

3. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the pressure drop rate in the internal space is 20 Pa / sec or less.

4. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the bonding force between the plastic plate and the metal plate is 30 MPa or more.

5. G in equation 1 below R The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ratio is 0.13 or greater. [Formula 1] G R = 1 - (G a / G u ) In Equation 1, G a G is the grayscale average of the effective bonding surface in the bonding region between the plastic plate and the metal plate, u This represents the average grayscale of the effective bonding surface of the reference test specimen.

6. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the plastic sheet has edges formed in a first direction, and the average value of the tensile breaking strength of each of the upper, middle, and lower sections obtained by dividing the plastic sheet into three equal parts in a direction perpendicular to the edges in the first direction is 60 MPa or more, and the standard deviation of the tensile breaking strength of each of the upper, middle, and lower sections is 10 or less.

7. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the plastic sheet has an uneven surface, the average tensile breaking strength of the recesses and protrusions of the uneven surface is 50 MPa or more, and the deviation of the tensile breaking strength of the recesses and protrusions is 10% or less.

8. A Per pattern is formed on the surface of the metal plate that is in contact with the plastic plate. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the Per includes a groove region recessed below and a burr region protruding above with respect to the surface of the metal plate.

9. The composite material according to claim 8, wherein the ratio of the area of ​​the metal plate on which the Per pattern is formed to the area of ​​the metal plate in contact with the plastic plate is 70% or more.

10. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the plastic sheet comprises a resin component and a filler component.

11. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is a metal or metal alloy with a thermal conductivity of 5 W / mk or more.

12. The internal space forms a channel through which fluid can move. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the bonding surface of the plastic plate and the metal plate includes an external bonding surface located outside the flow channel and a plurality of internal bonding surfaces located inside the flow channel.

13. The composite material according to claim 12, wherein the internal bonding surface is formed such that, during the fluid movement process, the fluid is divided by the internal bonding surface and then rejoined.

14. The density of internal bonding surfaces relative to the total area of ​​the flow channel is 10 particles / m². 2 ~500 pieces / m 2 The composite material according to claim 12, which is within the range.

15. The composite material according to claim 12, wherein R1 in formula 2 below is in the range of 2 to 90, and R2 in formula 3 below is in the range of 95 to 500: [Formula 2] R1 = A1 / A2 [Formula 3] R2 = A1 / A3 In equations 2 and 3, A1 is the total area of ​​the flow path, A2 is the total area of ​​the internal joint surfaces, and A3 is the area of ​​a single internal joint surface.

16. The composite material according to claim 12, wherein R3 in the following formula 4 is in the range of 1 to 50: [Formula 4] R3 = L 2 / A3 In Equation 4, L is the distance between internal joint surfaces, and A3 is the area of ​​a single internal joint surface.

17. The composite material according to claim 12, wherein the ratio of the total area of ​​the composite material (AT) to the total area of ​​the external and internal bonding surfaces (AA) (AT / AA) is within the range of 1.5 to 50.

18. The composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 17; and A cooling device comprising a cooling medium present in the internal space of the composite material or prepared to be injected into the internal space.

19. Heating element; and An apparatus comprising a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 17, which is in thermal contact with the heating element.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the heating element is a battery cell, a battery module, or a battery pack.

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