Three-dimensional permeable sheet surrounding the infiltration basin

Abstract

We provide a surrounding-type three-dimensional permeable sheet, which is used in the installation of infiltration basins to surround the infiltration basin and ensure proper crushed stone filling. [Solution] The solution features a rectangular box-shaped, bottomed three-dimensional structure with a bottom surface 11 and four sides 12, 13, 14, 15 formed by cutting and joining a water-permeable nonwoven fabric or mesh material. The three-dimensional water-permeable sheet 1 is self-supporting within an excavated hole and has dimensions that allow it to surround infiltration basins at predetermined intervals. The four edges of the top surface are provided with outwardly extending lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b, which can be used for positioning during construction, temporary fixing, and covering the top surface of the crushed stone layer. Furthermore, bottom crushed stone filling lines 18 and side perimeter crushed stone filling lines 19 are indicated on the inner surface, allowing for visual management of the crushed stone filling thickness. This makes the construction of the water-permeable sheet easier during the installation of infiltration facilities such as infiltration basins, reduces construction errors, and stabilizes infiltration performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet that surrounds a permeation box used for the installation work of a permeation box and optimizes crushed stone filling.

[0002] Particularly, regarding the construction of permeation boxes and permeation trench pipes used in rainwater infiltration facilities, it relates to a surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) that surrounds the outer periphery of a permeation box or the like at a predetermined interval to ensure a reliable filling thickness of crushed stone.

Background Art

[0003] There is a rainwater infiltration box as a facility for allowing rainwater to penetrate into the ground. In the case of household use, rainwater is treated in the following flow. 1. Rainwater falling on the roof is collected in a rain gutter. 2. The rainwater flows from the rain gutter into a permeation box installed on the ground. Some facilities have a permeation trench pipe connected to the permeation box for draining to the surrounding soil. 3. Inside the permeation box, there is a cylindrical container with holes, and a crushed stone layer is laid around it, and a permeable sheet surrounds the crushed stone. 4. The rainwater flows out from the holes of the container into the crushed stone layer and gradually penetrates into the ground through the crushed stone. The purpose of laying the permeable sheet and crushed stone is to enhance the rainwater infiltration efficiency, filter impurities such as mud and fallen leaves, prevent the intrusion of dust and sand from the soil, and prevent clogging of the infiltration holes. During heavy rain or the like, the rainwater is temporarily stored in the crushed stone layer, and the rainwater spreads from the holes of the permeation box into the crushed stone layer and evenly penetrates into the ground. 5. The infiltrated water is reused as groundwater or absorbed by the soil and naturally treated. With this mechanism of the rainwater infiltration facility, it is useful for preventing urban flooding and recharging groundwater by returning rainwater to the ground instead of flowing it into the sewage.

[0004] A permeable sheet used in rainwater infiltration facilities is a sheet that has the property of allowing water to pass through. When used primarily in soil, it is used as a filter to prevent soil erosion and drain rainwater. It is used under concrete blocks, around infiltration trenches, in rainwater storage facilities, and in subsurface water treatment facilities, and plays a role in maintaining soil stability by effectively draining rainwater and other water.

[0005] Permeable sheets are manufactured and sold as so-called roll sheets. Commercially available water-permeable sheets are flat sheets, such as flat nonwoven fabric sheets. Depending on the application and site conditions, flat permeable sheets are prepared as sheet pieces by the contractor, cut into strips or other specified widths using a cutter, and several of these pieces are combined for use in rainwater storage facilities.

[0006] Conventional methods for constructing infiltration basins involve creating a large hole in the soil to install the basin, laying and attaching a permeable nonwoven fabric sheet along the walls of the hole, placing the basin inside, filling the space between the basin and the permeable sheet with crushed stone, and then installing the basin surrounded by the permeable sheet.

[0007] However, conventional flat sheets are in strip form, which makes cutting, overlapping, and arranging them time-consuming, and depending on the skill and expertise of the installer, the process can be difficult. 1. Wrinkles and overlaps are likely to occur when wrapping. 2. The thickness of the crushed stone filling depends on the contractor's visual estimation, resulting in variations. 3. The sheet is not properly secured, causing it to shift during installation. These were some of the challenges, as well as the complexity of transferring and training the technology itself. Because the spacing between the manholes had to be adjusted manually by the contractor and the crushed stone had to be filled in, construction errors and variations in the thickness of the crushed stone were likely to occur, which could potentially affect the permeability and structural stability. In particular, insufficient crushed stone thickness can lead to reduced permeability and settlement, while excessive thickness increases material costs, making it crucial to ensure consistent construction quality.

[0008] To address this challenge, some methods include creating a structure that does not use crushed stone at all, preparing the permeable sheet in advance by cutting it as shown in prior art reference 1, or constructing the permeable sheet from a rigid polyvinyl chloride resin sheet with numerous permeable holes, as shown in reference 2. However, infiltration pit systems that do not use crushed stone are structurally complex and costly. Furthermore, the techniques described in references 1 and 2 still require the laborious process of wrapping the material around the inner wall of the pit, and issues with construction stability remain. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Utility Model Registration No. 3021081 "Permeable Sheet for Installation of Infiltration Basins" [Patent Document 2] Utility Model Registration No. 2551005 (Jitsūzen Hei 04-134590) "Rainwater Infiltration Basin Device" [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0010] The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) according to the present invention is a rectangular box-shaped structure in which a permeable sheet is cut and assembled to hold an infiltration basin or infiltration trench pipe, and is characterized by having a structure that surrounds the infiltration basin in three dimensions, with bottom crushed stone filling lines and side perimeter crushed stone filling lines indicated on the inner surface of the box-shaped structure. Hereafter, the term "infiltration basin" will be used to include cylindrical basins, rectangular basins, and pipes such as infiltration trenches.

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems related to the effort involved in placing a flat permeable sheet into a hole in the soil during the construction of an infiltration basin, and the stability of the construction. Firstly, this invention simplifies the conventional process of installing an infiltration basin, which involves laying permeable sheet material at the bottom of the basin, scattering crushed stone, placing crushed stone around the basin, and then wrapping the permeable sheet material around it to enclose it. The objective is to provide a box-shaped, box-enclosing, three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosing body) that can accommodate an infiltration basin, by forming the permeable sheet into a box shape. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) according to the present invention is made into a rectangular box shape in the surrounding three-dimensional form, so there is no surrounding work at the site, and on-site construction can be carried out quickly and easily.

[0012] Second, it is an object to provide a structure in which the surrounding permeable sheet surrounds the infiltration pit three-dimensionally, greatly simplifying the surrounding construction work and preventing construction errors such as the amount of crushed stone. It is an object to provide a structure that allows visual management of the filling thickness of the crushed stone to be filled. To prevent errors, a method has been devised to display the standards to be followed in the work as visible markings at predetermined positions on the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body).

[0013] Third, it is an object to enhance the fixity during construction and prevent displacement of the permeable sheet during construction.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0014] The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) of the infiltration pit of the present invention has the following configuration for the above purposes. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) is entirely made of a permeable sheet and is a three-dimensional shape of a size that surrounds and contains soil water treatment members such as infiltration pits and infiltration trench pipes. It is a three-dimensionally formed surrounding body that surrounds the entire circumferential surface of the infiltration pit with a space (interval). A self-standing rectangular box shape, a bottomed rectangular cylinder shape, a rectangular box shape, a square pyramid box shape, etc. are proposed. The surrounding of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) means surrounding and covering at least the bottom surface and the side circumferential surface of the infiltration pit in the shape of a cylinder or the like. Further, it includes covering the upper surface of the infiltration pit.

[0015] The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet is a three-dimensional permeable sheet in the shape of a rectangular box with a bottom surface, and lid pieces are provided extending along the four edges of the upper side. The lid pieces can be used as handles when positioning the three-dimensional permeable sheet, can cover the crushed stone from the upper surface when covered, and can also be fixed to the soil at the hole edge to suppress displacement of the three-dimensional permeable sheet.

[0016] On the inner surface of the three-dimensional rectangular box-shaped body, a filling line indicating the filling thickness standard of crushed stones is displayed. The filling line includes a bottom crushed stone filling line displayed on the lower four sides of the inner surface and a side surrounding crushed stone filling line displayed on the upper four sides of the inner surface. The display is preferably on the four sides of the inner surface. The display method can be a display by a line or a boundary with different colors. Depending on the size, it can also be used as a marking standard on the left and right two sides of the inner surface. By displaying the filling line (bottom crushed stone filling line and side surrounding crushed stone filling line) on the inner surface of the three-dimensional rectangular box-shaped body, the amount of crushed stones input there can be visually made constant and the thickness of the crushed stones can be managed.

[0017] The infiltration tray is surrounded by a three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (surrounding body) at a prescribed interval on the entire periphery except the upper surface, and crushed stones are filled in that interval. The surrounding three-dimensional water-permeable sheet surrounds the infiltration tray at a prescribed interval and can manage the crushed stone thickness.

Effect of the Invention

[0018] The surrounding three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (surrounding body) of the present invention is configured such that the water-permeable sheet is cut and prepared in a box-shaped development drawing according to the size and shape of the on-site infiltration tray, a filling line or a filling boundary is printed, and it is joined by an adhesive, heat welding, or an industrial stapler and formed into a rectangular box shape to create a three-dimensional shape.

[0019] After leveling the dug hole at the construction site by putting paving sand (bottom sand), arranging the surrounding three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (surrounding body), putting bottom crushed stones according to the filling line, placing the infiltration tray, and then putting crushed stones into the surrounding gap according to the filling line on the side surface, it is covered with a lid piece. There is no labor required for combining and constructing a strip-shaped water-permeable sheet during construction. In addition, the following technical effects can be obtained.

[0020] (1) Uniformity of construction quality: Due to the three-dimensional shape of the surrounding three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (surrounding body), the interval between the infiltration tray and the sheet is automatically defined, and since the interval is determined, variation in the crushed stone thickness can be prevented. (2) Visual control of crushed stone thickness: The filling line on the inside allows the contractor to easily check the filling height of the crushed stone, enabling construction without excess or deficiency. (3) Improved workability: By opening the lid piece and temporarily fixing it to the edge of the hole, the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet can be fixed to temporary fasteners such as wooden frames placed around or around the edge of the hole, preventing displacement during construction. (4) Stabilization of infiltration performance: By ensuring an appropriate crushed stone thickness, a uniform permeable layer is formed around the infiltration basin, and long-term infiltration performance is maintained. The above technical effects are obtained from a configuration that would not be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art. 1. By adopting a rectangular cylindrical or rectangular box-shaped enclosed three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) with a bottom surface, the distance from the infiltration basin can be physically defined, enabling "self-supporting" and "elimination of construction errors" that could not be achieved with conventional flat sheets. The idea of ​​making the permeable sheet three-dimensional is novel and possesses an inventiveness that would not be easily conceived. 2. By displaying reference lines for the crushed stone filling thickness (bottom crushed stone filling line and side perimeter crushed stone filling line) on the inner surface, the contractor can visually confirm the amount of filling, which dramatically improves the accuracy of construction management and ensures that the crushed stone is filled without excess or deficiency. 3. By providing outwardly extending cover pieces on all four edges of the top surface, position fixing and temporary fastening during installation become easier, achieving both workability and installation accuracy. This makes it easy to ensure a "stable installation state," which was difficult with conventional wrap-around types. These configurations are not merely a modification of the shape of the permeable sheet, but are based on a technical concept that simultaneously improves three elements: construction quality, manageability, and structural stability, and are difficult for those skilled in the art to derive from conventional technology. It enables construction management of work performed underground, offering a significant and progressive effect that goes beyond simply creating a three-dimensional permeable sheet. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0021] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a perspective view showing Example 1 of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) for the infiltration basin according to the present invention. [Figure 2]Figure 2 is an unfolded view (showing the position of the filling lines) of Example 1 of the surrounding three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (surrounding body) according to the present invention. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing the construction of an infiltration basin surrounded by a surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure). [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a photographic diagram illustrating the construction process of the infiltration basin. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a partial perspective view of the three-dimensional permeable sheet (encircling body) showing a different shape of the encircling type three-dimensional permeable sheet (encircling body) of the infiltration basin according to the present invention in the construction of an infiltration trench pipe. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a perspective view of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) from Example 4, with infiltration trench pipes placed on top of crushed stone. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0022] An embodiment of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) for the infiltration basin according to the present invention will be described based on the drawings. The enclosing three-dimensional water-permeable sheet 1 is made of a water-permeable sheet, such as a water-permeable nonwoven fabric or mesh material, and is formed into a three-dimensional shape in the form of a rectangular box. The permeable sheet 1 is made from materials such as polyester nonwoven fabric, synthetic resin, or thermoplastic resin. It is cut into flat strips and then molded into a three-dimensional shape using a joining method suitable for the material. It is also possible to heat-press a sheet of permeable water-permeable material to create a three-dimensional box shape. The three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1 has the function of allowing water to pass through its entire surface, while preventing soil dust from the soil side from passing inside the infiltration basin 2. When forming the permeable sheet 1 into a rectangular tube shape, it can be joined by sewing or adhesive, and depending on the strength requirements and material, it can be formed using heat fusion (heat gun), adhesive tape, industrial staples, etc. If strength is required, reinforcing tape or sealant may be used in combination with seams and adhesive joints. Using reinforcing tape will improve durability. Furthermore, considering the storage and transportation of the enclosed three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure), it is conceivable to make the body section foldable. By incorporating folds, bellows structures, or flexible joints into a part of the three-dimensional permeable sheet, it can be folded and stored freely. The foldable design can be achieved by folding the sheet to create an accordion-like shape, folding it in half lengthwise by creating vertical folds, or by making the joints flexible so that it can be rolled up and folded. The folding structure and method are not limited, as long as a three-dimensional space is secured when unfolded. Even if foldable, the three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (enclosure) should preferably be self-supporting or capable of self-supporting when upright. [Examples]

[0023] Example 1 of the enclosed three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (enclosure) 1 shown in Figure 1 is made from a water-permeable mesh sheet made of woven thin strips of synthetic resin, and is a rectangular box-shaped three-dimensional form consisting of a bottom surface 11 and six surfaces: a front surface 12, a right side surface 13, a back surface 14, a left side surface 15, and upper lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b. The enclosing three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosing body) 1 is made from the permeable sheet shown in the unfolded diagram of Figure 2. In the unfolded diagram, the inner surfaces of the body formed by the front side 12, right side 13, back side 14, and left side 15 are marked with a bottom crushed stone filling line 18 and a top crushed stone filling line 19, respectively. Oil-based ink printing is preferred for the markings. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1, which is a rectangular tube, is placed in a soil excavation hole 3 that is similar in shape to its three-dimensional form. During construction, when the infiltration basin 2 is loaded into the three-dimensional permeable sheet 1, the bottom crushed stone filling line 18 and the top crushed stone filling line 19 inside the three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 are marked so that they can be seen from above. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 of Example 1 surrounds the entire circumference of the infiltration basin 2, and is therefore of the surrounding type, and is a permeable sheet made in the shape of a rectangular box. To form a three-dimensional shape, the edges indicated by lines drawn from the bottom to the sides of the unfolded diagram in Figure 2 are heat-welded. This assembly welding results in the enclosed three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 shown in Figure 1. Whether the infiltration basin 2 is cylindrical or rectangular, the three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 can be a rectangular box. The rectangular box shape can be a rectangular solid or a tapered (conical) shape with a small base. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 is large enough to surround and cover the entire perimeter of the infiltration basin 2 at intervals. The enclosing three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 has a bottom surface 11, allowing the three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosing body) 1 to stand on its own even in narrow spaces. Because it conforms to the wall surface of the excavated hole 3, it maintains its shape, making sheet installation significantly easier compared to conventional methods of laying overlapping flat sheets. Filling the interior with crushed stone 4 is also extremely easy. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1, which is an enclosure for installing the infiltration basin 2, is a rectangular box-shaped, bottomed three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 having a bottom surface 11 and four sides, obtained by cutting a permeable sheet and forming it by bonding, sewing, heat sealing or press molding. The three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 is configured to interpose crushed stone 4 between the infiltration basin 2 and other infiltration facilities, and is characterized by having dimensions that allow for the accommodation of crushed stone 4 while ensuring a distance from the outer surface of the infiltration basin 2, and by the three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 being self-supporting within the excavated hole 3.

[0024] While there is no JIS standard for infiltration basin 2, there are several standard dimensions for cylindrical infiltration basins that meet Tokyo's specifications. For example, the ф product number 300 has standard dimensions of a cylindrical infiltration basin with a diameter of 300mm and a height of 600mm to 900mm. Furthermore, even commercially available products that are manufacturer standard models (compliant with Tokyo Metropolitan Government specifications; commercially available products designed for use in public works projects in Tokyo) have defined standard dimensions. A surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1 can be created with dimensions that match the dimensions of the selected infiltration basin 2 to be installed, while leaving space for filling with crushed stone. Several sizes of surrounding, three-dimensional permeable sheets 1 can be prepared in advance to match the various sizes of infiltration basins 2.

[0025] It is preferable to specifically indicate the dimensions required for construction on the enclosed three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1. The lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b have their widths specifically indicated as X cm. This specific indication shows that the dimensions of excavation hole 3 are slightly larger than approximately X cm square. The bottom crushed stone filling line 18 located at the lower part of the inner surface is specifically indicated as YCm from the bottom surface 11. YCm corresponds to the packing thickness of crushed stone 4. The top crushed stone filling line 19 on the upper inner surface specifically indicates the UCm, which is a required line even when the lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b are not lowered to fill the container completely. Furthermore, the overall height of the enclosing three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (enclosing body) 1 is indicated as WCm on the front side 12, right side 13, back side 14, and left side 15. This specific indication shows that excavated hole 3 is slightly deeper than approximately WCm.

[0026] In installing the infiltration basin 2, the size and type of the infiltration basin 2 are selected, then a surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1 of a size that fits the infiltration basin 2 is selected, and a hole 3 slightly larger than the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 is dug at the site, and the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 is placed inside the hole 3. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 is placed in the excavated hole 3, and the upper lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b are held and adjusted to the correct position. The lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b extending upward and outward from each of the four upper edges of the rectangular box-shaped three-dimensional permeable sheet can be used as gripping parts to position the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 within the excavated hole 3 during construction, and also prevent displacement of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet during construction by being fixed to the edge of the excavated hole 3. The enclosed three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 has an open top surface, and lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b are formed on the four edges of the top surface, which can be used as handles during construction. During construction, the position of the three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 can be fixed by pressing the bottom surface 11 against the ground. After filling the gaps around the outer surface of the infiltration basin 2 with crushed stone 4, the top surface of the crushed stone layer can be covered by folding in the lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b. This prevents the intrusion of soil dust that would otherwise hinder infiltration from above. Since the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 is simply placed inside the excavated hole 3, there is no need to attach strip-shaped permeable sheets to the walls of the excavated hole 3 or to combine them by overlapping, as in conventional methods.

[0027] While the installation of infiltration basins 2 can be done by individuals, they also have a public purpose in preventing flood damage, and therefore, their construction must be carried out safely and reliably. In actual construction, local governments have standard structures, construction guidance, and ordinances, and some areas require the presentation of clear construction records for reporting obligations and for receiving subsidies. Furthermore, even when construction is carried out on private property, it is important to record the construction process with photographs and other means, as this is necessary to guarantee the quality of the work done underground.

[0028] Figure 4 is a photographic explanatory diagram recording the construction process of the infiltration basin 2. The size and depth can be observed through the dimensions specifically displayed on the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1. Furthermore, the crushed stone filling work of 4, which is carried out based on the bottom crushed stone filling line 18 and the top crushed stone filling line 19, is visualized and recorded. The enclosing type three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 functions not only as a construction substrate but also as a construction management indicator.

[0029] The surrounding three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (surrounding body) 1 of this invention is made of a flexible material but is a tangible three-dimensional object, with specific dimensions indicated on the sides 12, 13, 14, 15 and the lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b, and on the inner surface, a bottom crushed stone filling line 18 is indicated at a predetermined height from the bottom, and a top crushed stone filling line 19 is indicated further up around the sides. Even before the crushed stone 4 is added and filled, the reference lines for the amount, height, and thickness of crushed stone 4 to be added to the bottom can be determined, allowing for a sense of the final form to be grasped on-site before construction begins. Therefore, the transfer of technology and the stability of construction are guaranteed.

[0030] Figure 4 shows the construction process recorded sequentially by photographs using the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 of Example 1, and will be explained in the order of the reference numerals. 1. The construction site was recorded and photographed. First, we selected and decided on infiltration basin 2. We chose a cylindrical φ300 type for infiltration basin 2, and prepared a surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 of a size that fit it. 2. A borehole 3, slightly larger than the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1, was excavated at the site and photographed. The shape of the excavated hole 3 is a rectangular hole slightly larger in dimensions than the selected surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1. 3. The bottom of excavation hole 3 was covered with sand (bottom sand) and photographed. 4. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 was placed inside the excavated hole 3, and a photograph was taken of the sheet after its position was adjusted and it was in place. 5. Crushed stone 4 was placed at the bottom of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1, and the sheet was filled up to the bottom crushed stone filling line 18 before being photographed. An infiltration basin 2 is placed on top of the bottom crushed stone within the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1, with approximately equal spacing between all sides. 6. Next, crushed stone 4 is placed between the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 and the infiltration basin 2. The input height is up to the top crushed stone filling line 19. The amount of crushed stone 4 doesn't need to be measured; simply keep the infiltration basin 2 in the center and roughly fill the gaps with it. Of course, the amount added can also be easily determined. By simply pouring and filling the crushed stone 4, the correct amount and height can be filled. The photo was taken with the crushed stone 4 filled up to the top crushed stone filling line 19. 7. The lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 were held by hand to adjust their overall position and shape, and each lid piece 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b was folded inward to cover the crushed stone 4 and photographed. 8. The area around infiltration basin 2 was covered with topsoil, and a photograph was taken of the completed installation of the infiltration basin with the specified performance.

[0031] Figure 4 is a construction record certificate required to obtain certification of completion of construction in a specific municipality, and it can guarantee safe construction. By displaying the bottom crushed stone filling line 18 and the top crushed stone filling line 19, which serve as markers for filling the crushed stone 4 on the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1, on the three-dimensional inner surface, objectivity in construction is guaranteed, ensuring the permeability and durability of the infiltration basin.

[0032] The above Example 1 applies the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) of the present invention to a typical residential infiltration basin. The specific dimensions are as follows: Infiltration basin: Made of resin, φ300mm in diameter, 500mm in height, cylindrical shape. Enclosure-type three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (enclosure body) Dimensions: Outer diameter 500mm square, height 600mm The shape is a square box. The sheet color is white (a bright color: to improve visibility as dimensions and crushed stone filling lines will be printed on the sheet). Crushed stone thickness: 100mm at the bottom, 100mm around the sides The bottom crushed stone filling line 18 is indicated by a thick line 100 mm from the bottom surface. The top surface crushed stone filling line 19 is indicated by a thick line 100 mm from the top surface. Construction: As described above, excavate a hole → lay sand → install a surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) → pin the lid pieces to the soil edge → lay crushed stone at the bottom → install the infiltration basin → put crushed stone around the infiltration basin → fold the lid pieces to cover the top surface → cover with topsoil. Effect: Even if the contractor changes, the crushed stone thickness remains constant, resulting in stable infiltration performance in residential areas. [Examples]

[0033] Example 2, although not shown in the illustration, is an example of applying the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) of the present invention to a large infiltration basin (public facility). The specific dimensions are as follows: Infiltration basin: Concrete, 600mm square Sheet dimensions: 900mm square (outer dimensions), 800mm high, rectangular box shape. The sheet color is dark green (to improve visibility, as dimensions and crushed stone filling lines are printed in white on the sheet). Crushed stone thickness: 150mm at the bottom, 150mm around the sides The bottom crushed stone filling line 18 is indicated by a thick line 150 mm from the bottom surface. Construction: The construction process was the same as in Example 1, but the formwork was installed around the edge of the excavated hole, and the lid pieces were fixed to the formwork to prevent collapse of the hole edge before starting work. Even large manholes can be fixed in place with lid pieces, and the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) eliminates construction errors, thus achieving quality control for public works projects. The enclosed, three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) also showed no deformation, and the installation went smoothly. [Examples]

[0034] Example 3, although not shown in the figures, is a construction example in which the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet of the present invention is applied to improve construction in confined spaces. The specific dimensions are as follows: Infiltration basin: Resin, φ300mm, cylindrical shape Sheet dimensions: 450mm square (outer dimensions), 500mm high The sheet color is white (a bright color: to improve visibility as dimensions and crushed stone filling lines will be printed on the sheet). Crushed stone thickness: 80mm at the bottom, 80mm around the sides The bottom crushed stone filling line 18 is indicated by a thick line 80 mm from the bottom surface. Construction: The process was the same as in Example 1, but due to the limited space, the crushed stone could be evenly distributed and filled by shaking the lid piece. The lid piece was then folded over the top surface of the infiltration basin, excluding the upper opening, to cover the crushed stone portion during construction. In confined spaces where work is difficult, joining and connecting strip-shaped permeable sheets is challenging due to lack of space. However, the enclosing-type three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosing body) 1 of this invention is extremely useful because it only requires fitting into the excavated hole 3. [Examples]

[0035] Figure 5 is a partial perspective view of the three-dimensional permeable sheet (encircling body) showing a different shape of the encircling type three-dimensional permeable sheet (encircling body) of the infiltration basin according to the present invention in the construction of an infiltration trench pipe. Figure 6 is a perspective view of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (surrounding body) from Example 4, with infiltration trench pipes placed on top of crushed stone. The enclosing three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosing body) 1 is a slightly elongated rectangular box shape with a conical taper. Example 4 is a rectangular box-shaped surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 that surrounds the infiltration trench pipe 5 to facilitate drainage around it. The infiltration trench pipe 5, when used in conjunction with the infiltration basin 2, allows for near maintenance-free construction.

[0036] Example 4, like Example 1, is a rectangular box-shaped three-dimensional object composed of a bottom surface 11 and six surfaces: a front surface 12, a right side surface 13, a back surface 14, a left side surface 15, and upper lid pieces 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b. The inner surface of the body, formed by the front side 12, right side 13, back side 14, and left side 15, is marked with a bottom crushed stone filling line 18 and a top crushed stone filling line 19, respectively. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1 is placed in a soil excavation hole 3 that is similar in shape to its three-dimensional form, and when the permeable trench pipe 5 is loaded into the three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 during construction, the bottom crushed stone filling line 18 and the top crushed stone filling line 19 inside the three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 are marked so that they can be seen from above. On the inner surface of the three-dimensional permeable sheet 1, a bottom crushed stone filling line 18 located at a predetermined height from the bottom surface 11, and a side perimeter crushed stone filling line 19 located above the bottom crushed stone filling line 18, indicating the upper limit height of the crushed stone 4 to be filled around the sides of the permeable trench pipe 5, are indicated by lines, color coding, or printing, so that the contractor can visually confirm the thickness of the crushed stone filling. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1 in Example 4 is a rectangular box shape, and through holes 51 are provided on the side for connecting the infiltration trench pipe 5 to the infiltration basin 2, etc. The through-hole 51 may be an opening added later at the construction site. The enclosing three-dimensional permeable sheet 1 has a base surface 11, and the three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosing body) 1 is self-supporting and conforms to the wall surface of the excavated hole 3, thus maintaining its shape.

[0037] In Embodiment 4 of this invention, the rectangular box-shaped three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1 is placed on the bottom sand (laying sand) of the rectangular excavation hole 3. An infiltration trench pipe 5 is placed inside the three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1, and the tip of the infiltration trench pipe 5 is passed through the through hole 51 and connected to the infiltration basin 2. Next, crushed stone 4 is filled using the bottom crushed stone filling line 18 and the top crushed stone filling line 19 as a guide. The construction is completed by covering with backfill soil. By simply using a three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) 1 as an intermediary, infiltration pipes can be installed accurately and with minimal labor.

[0038] Thus, this invention features a permeable sheet in the shape of a bottomed rectangular tube with a capacity and three-dimensional form that surrounds the infiltration basin, and has a guideline (filling line) for the crushed stone to be filled in the gap between the sheet and the infiltration basin during construction displayed on its inner surface. This invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein; for example, the three-dimensional shape may be a bottomed pentagon or a bottomed cylinder. As long as there is a marking on the inner surface that allows for the recognition of the crushed stone filling line, it may be a thick line or a boundary with a different color. [Industrial applicability]

[0039] The three-dimensional permeable sheet (enclosure) surrounding the infiltration basin of this invention can be individually manufactured to match the infiltration basin at the site. However, since there are many types of commercially available standard infiltration basins, it is possible to design and mass-produce the sheet to match each of these infiltration basins. Furthermore, it could be commercialized as an essential construction item for each infiltration basin, potentially creating a new category of permeable sheet product. This product is useful because it contributes to labor savings and safety in the installation of infiltration basins and related infiltration facilities, and it also has potential for commercial and industrial use as a product. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0040] 1. Enclosed three-dimensional water-permeable sheet (enclosed structure) 11. Bottom 12...Front side 13...Right side 14...dorsal surface 15. Left side 16a · Lid piece 16b · Lid piece 17a · Lid piece 17b · Lid piece 18. Bottom crushed stone filling line 19... Side perimeter crushed stone filling line 2 ···Infiltration basin 21. Cover of the infiltration pit 23. Holes in the infiltration basin 3...Excavation hole 4. Crushed stone 5 ···Infiltration trench pipe 51... Through hole

Claims

1. A surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet for installing an infiltration basin, comprising a rectangular box-shaped, bottomed three-dimensional permeable sheet having a bottom surface and four sides, formed by cutting a permeable sheet having water permeability and shaping it by bonding, sewing, or heat sealing, wherein the three-dimensional permeable sheet has dimensions that allow it to accommodate crushed stone while ensuring a distance from the outer surface of the infiltration basin, and the three-dimensional permeable sheet is self-supporting within the excavated hole.

2. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet for an infiltration basin according to claim 1, characterized in that the four edges of the upper side of the rectangular box-shaped three-dimensional permeable sheet are provided with lid pieces that extend outward, and these lid pieces serve as gripping parts for positioning the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet in the excavated hole during construction, and are fixed to the edge of the excavated hole to prevent displacement of the surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet during construction, and the lid pieces are folded in after the gap from the outer surface of the infiltration basin is filled to cover the upper surface of the crushed stone layer.

3. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet for an infiltration basin according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that a bottom crushed stone filling line located at a predetermined height from the bottom surface and a side perimeter crushed stone filling line located above the bottom crushed stone filling line and indicating the upper limit height of crushed stone to be filled around the sides of the infiltration basin are indicated by lines, color coding, or printing on the inner surface of the rectangular box-shaped three-dimensional permeable sheet, so that the installer can visually confirm the thickness of the crushed stone filling.

4. The surrounding three-dimensional permeable sheet for an infiltration basin according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rectangular box-shaped three-dimensional permeable sheet is made of nonwoven fabric, mesh material, or synthetic resin permeable sheet, and has a foldable structure by having folds, bellows structure, or flexible joints in part.

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