MEASUREMENT METHOD, MEASUREMENT DEVICE, MEASUREMENT SYSTEM, AND MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

Abstract

To provide a measuring method that allows accurate calculation of an attenuation factor of a dynamic response when a movable body moves on a structure.SOLUTION: A measuring method includes: performing filter processing on first measurement data to generate second measurement data; calculating a first deflection amount on the basis of an approximate expression of deflection of a structure; performing filter processing on the first deflection amount to calculate a second deflection amount; calculating a third deflection amount on the basis of a first order coefficient and a 0-th order coefficient calculated on the basis of the second measurement data and the second deflection amount; calculating offset on the basis of the 0-th order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; adding the offset and a product of the first order coefficient and the first deflection amount to each other to calculate a static response; subtracting the static response from the first measurement data to calculate a first dynamic response; attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response to calculate a second dynamic response; and calculating an attenuation factor of the second dynamic response on the basis of an envelope width of the second dynamic response.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 30

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a measurement method, a measurement device, a measurement system, and a measurement program. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes a method for evaluating the dynamic response of a railway bridge, which includes providing an accelerometer for measuring vertical acceleration in each of the front and rear cars of a train, measuring the vertical acceleration of the front and rear cars while the train is running, extracting measurement data of the accelerometers when passing over a bridge, calculating an acceleration amplification factor by dividing the feature amount of the vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometer of the rear car by the feature amount of the vertical acceleration measured by the front car, and applying the acceleration amplification factor to a previously obtained relational expression between the bridge's impact coefficient and the acceleration amplification factor to calculate the bridge's impact coefficient (dynamic response component). This dynamic response evaluation method focuses on the fact that almost no dynamic response occurs in the bridge when the front car passes, and that static and dynamic responses occur in the bridge when the rear car passes, and can easily and comprehensively calculate the bridge's impact coefficient (dynamic response component) based on the vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometers provided in each of the front and rear cars of the train. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2017-20172 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, in the dynamic response evaluation method described in Patent Document 1, the acceleration amplification factor obtained by dividing the feature amount of vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometer of the rearmost vehicle by the feature amount of vertical acceleration measured by the front vehicle cannot sufficiently separate static response from dynamic response, the accuracy of the relational expression between the bridge impact coefficient and the acceleration amplification factor is insufficient, there are errors due to the measurement points of vertical acceleration and vehicle vibration, etc. Therefore, in the dynamic response evaluation method described in Patent Document 1, it is difficult to accurately calculate the damping rate of the dynamic response. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] One aspect of the measurement method according to the present invention is to a first measurement data generation step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation step of calculating a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation step of calculating a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation step of calculating an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; a damping factor calculation step of calculating a damping factor of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude; Includes.

[0006] One aspect of the measuring device according to the present invention is a first measurement data generation unit that generates first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating unit that generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating unit that generates observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation unit that calculates an average speed of the moving object based on the observation information and environmental information that includes dimensions of the moving object and dimensions of the structure that have been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation unit that approximates the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculates a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation unit that calculates an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation unit that calculates a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation unit that calculates a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation unit that calculates a second dynamic response by performing a filter process to attenuate unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation unit that calculates an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; a damping rate calculation unit that calculates a damping rate of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude; Includes.

[0007] One aspect of the measurement system according to the present invention is An embodiment of the measuring device; The observation device; Equipped with.

[0008] One aspect of the measurement program according to the present invention is a first measurement data generation step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation step of calculating a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation step of calculating a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation step of calculating an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; and calculating a damping rate of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a measurement system. [Diagram 2] A cross-sectional view of the superstructure in Figure 1 taken along line AA. [Diagram 3] 4 is a diagram illustrating acceleration detected by an acceleration sensor. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of measurement data u(t). [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 shows the power spectrum density of measurement data u(t). [Figure 6]FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of measurement data ulp(t). [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between measurement data ulp(t) and approach time ti and exit time to. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the vehicle length LC (Cm) and the distance between the axles La (aw(Cm,n)). [Figure 9] An explanatory diagram of the structural model of the bridge superstructure. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a deflection amount wstd(aw(Cm,n),t). [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a deflection amount Cstd(Cm,t). [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a deflection amount Tstd(t). [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a deflection amount Tstd_lp(t). [Figure 14] 1 is a diagram showing measurement data ulp(t) and the amount of deflection Tstd_lp(t) superimposed on each other. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a deflection amount TEstd_lp(t). [Figure 16] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a deflection amount TEstd(t). [Figure 17] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the amount of deflection TEstd_lp(t) and the predetermined interval Tavg for calculating the average value of the amount of deflection Tstd_lp(t) and the amount of deflection Tstd_lp(t). [Figure 18] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an offset Toffset_std(t). [Figure 19] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a deflection amount TEOstd(t). [Figure 20] FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between measurement data u(t) and deflection amount TEOstd(t). [Figure 21] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of natural vibration unv(t). [Figure 22] A diagram showing the power spectrum density of the natural vibration unv(t). [Figure 23] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of a high-pass filter. [Figure 24] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of natural vibration unv_hp(t). [Diagram 25] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the transfer characteristics of a moving average filter. [Figure 26] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of natural vibration unv_3lp(t). [Figure 27] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of envelope amplitude unv_mag(t). [Figure 28] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the logarithm y(t) of the envelope amplitude unv_mag(t) and a first section T1. [Figure 29] A diagram showing the damped vibration uenv(t) and the natural vibration unv_3lp(t) superimposed. [Diagram 30] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a measurement method according to the present embodiment. [Diagram 31] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a first measurement data generating step. [Diagram 32] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a second measurement data generating step. [Diagram 33] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an observation information generating process. [Diagram 34] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an average velocity calculation step. [Diagram 35] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a first deflection amount calculation step. [Diagram 36] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a second deflection amount calculation step. [Figure 37] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an offset calculation process. [Figure 38] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a second dynamic response calculation step. [Figure 39] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an attenuation rate calculation process. [Diagram 40] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a sensor, a measuring device, and a monitoring device. [Diagram 41] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the measurement system. [Diagram 42] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the measurement system. [Diagram 43] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the measurement system. [Diagram 44]A cross-sectional view of the superstructure in Figure 43 taken along line AA. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below do not unduly limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims. Furthermore, not all of the configurations described below are necessarily essential components of the present invention.

[0011] 1. Measurement system configuration The moving object passing through the superstructure of the bridge, which is the structure according to this embodiment, is a vehicle or railroad car that is heavy and can be measured by BWIM. BWIM is an abbreviation for Bridge Weigh in Motion, and is a technology that measures the weight, number of axles, etc. of the moving object passing through the bridge by treating the bridge as a "scale" and measuring the deformation of the bridge. The superstructure of the bridge, which can analyze the weight of the moving object passing through from the response such as deformation and strain, is a structure in which BWIM functions, and the BWIM system that applies the physical process between the action on the superstructure of the bridge and the response makes it possible to measure the weight of the moving object passing through. In the following, a measurement system for realizing the measurement method of this embodiment will be described using a case where the moving object is a railroad car as an example.

[0012] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a measurement system according to this embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, a measurement system 10 according to this embodiment includes a measurement device 1 and at least one sensor 2 provided on a superstructure 7 of a bridge 5. The measurement system 10 may also include a monitoring device 3.

[0013] The bridge 5 is composed of a superstructure 7 and a substructure 8. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the superstructure 7 taken along line AA in FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the superstructure 7 includes a bridge deck 7a including a deck F, a main girder G, a cross girder (not shown), a support 7b, a rail 7c, a sleeper 7d, and a ballast 7e. As shown in FIG. 1, the substructure 8 includes a pier 8a and an abutment 8b. The superstructure 7 is a structure that is bridged over either one of the adjacent abutments 8b and pier 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. Both ends of the superstructure 7 are located at the positions of the adjacent abutments 8b and pier 8a, the positions of the two adjacent abutments 8b, or the positions of the two adjacent piers 8a.

[0014] When the railcar 6 enters the superstructure 7, the load of the railcar 6 causes the superstructure 7 to bend, but because the railcar 6 is made up of multiple cars coupled together, a phenomenon occurs in which the bending of the superstructure 7 repeats periodically as each car passes. This phenomenon is called a static response. On the other hand, since the superstructure 7 has a natural vibration frequency as a structure, the natural vibration of the superstructure 7 may be excited when the railcar 6 passes over the superstructure 7. The excitation of the natural vibration of the superstructure 7 causes a phenomenon in which the bending of the superstructure 7 repeats periodically. This phenomenon is called a dynamic response.

[0015] The measurement device 1 and each sensor 2 are connected, for example, by a cable (not shown) and communicate with each other via a communication network such as CAN. CAN is an abbreviation for Controller Area Network. Alternatively, the measurement device 1 and each sensor 2 may communicate with each other via a wireless network.

[0016] Each sensor 2 outputs data used to calculate a damping rate of a dynamic response when a railcar 6, which is a moving body, moves on a superstructure 7, which is a structure. In this embodiment, each sensor 2 is an acceleration sensor, and may be, for example, a quartz acceleration sensor or a MEMS acceleration sensor. MEMS is an abbreviation for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.

[0017] In this embodiment, each sensor 2 is installed in the longitudinal center of the superstructure 7, specifically, in the longitudinal center of the main girder G. However, it is sufficient for each sensor 2 to be able to detect acceleration for calculating the damping rate of the dynamic response, and the installation position is not limited to the central part of the superstructure 7. If each sensor 2 is installed on the deck F of the superstructure 7, there is a risk that it will be destroyed by the running of the railway vehicle 6, and there is also a risk that the measurement accuracy will be affected by local deformation of the bridge deck 7a. Therefore, in the example of Figs. 1 and 2, each sensor 2 is installed on the main girder G of the superstructure 7.

[0018] The floor plates F, main girders G, etc. of the superstructure 7 are deflected in the vertical direction due to the load of the railway vehicle 6 passing over the superstructure 7. Each sensor 2 detects the acceleration of the deflection of the floor plates F and main girders G due to the load of the railway vehicle 6 passing over the superstructure 7.

[0019] The measurement device 1 calculates the damping rate of the dynamic response when the railway vehicle 6 passes over the superstructure 7, based on the acceleration data output from each sensor 2. The measurement device 1 is installed, for example, on the bridge abutment 8b.

[0020] The measuring device 1 and the monitoring device 3 can communicate with each other via a communication network 4, such as a wireless network for mobile phones and the Internet. The measuring device 1 transmits measurement data including a damping rate of a dynamic response when a railcar 6 passes over an upper structure 7 to the monitoring device 3. The monitoring device 3 stores the information in a storage device (not shown) and may perform processes such as monitoring the railcar 6 and determining whether there is an abnormality in the upper structure 7 based on the information.

[0021] In this embodiment, the bridge 5 is a railway bridge, for example, a steel bridge, a girder bridge, an RC bridge, etc. RC is an abbreviation for Reinforced Concrete.

[0022] As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, an observation point R is set in association with the sensor 2. In the example of FIG. 2, the observation point R is set at a position on the surface of the superstructure 7 vertically above the sensor 2 provided on the main girder G. That is, the sensor 2 is an observation device that observes the observation point R, detects a physical quantity that is a response to the action of multiple parts of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7, which is a structure, on the observation point R, and outputs data including the detected physical quantity. For example, each of the multiple parts of the railway vehicle 6 is an axle or a wheel, but hereinafter, it is assumed that it is an axle. Also, in this embodiment, each sensor 2 is an acceleration sensor, and detects acceleration as a physical quantity. The sensor 2 may be provided at a position where it can detect the acceleration generated at the observation point R due to the traveling of the railway vehicle 6, but it is preferable to provide it at a position close to the vertical of the observation point R.

[0023] The number and installation positions of the sensors 2 are not limited to the examples shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and various modifications are possible.

[0024] The measurement device 1 acquires acceleration in a direction intersecting with the plane of the superstructure 7 along which the railcar 6 moves, based on the acceleration data output from the sensor 2. The plane of the superstructure 7 along which the railcar 6 moves is defined by the direction along which the railcar 6 moves, i.e., the X direction which is the longitudinal direction of the superstructure 7, and the direction perpendicular to the direction along which the railcar 6 moves, i.e., the Y direction which is the width direction of the superstructure 7. As the railcar 6 travels, the observation point R is deflected in a direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions. Therefore, in order to accurately calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the deflection, it is desirable for the measurement device 1 to acquire acceleration in a direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions, i.e., the Z direction which is the normal direction of the floor panel F.

[0025] 3 is a diagram illustrating the acceleration detected by the sensor 2. The sensor 2 is an acceleration sensor that detects acceleration occurring in each of three axial directions that are perpendicular to each other.

[0026] In order to detect the acceleration of the deflection at observation point R due to the running of the railway vehicle 6, the sensor 2 is installed so that one of the three detection axes, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis, intersects with the X-direction and the Y-direction. In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the sensor 2 is installed so that the first axis intersects with the X-direction and the Y-direction. Since the observation point R deflects in a direction perpendicular to the X-direction and the Y-direction, in order to accurately detect the acceleration of the deflection, ideally the sensor 2 is installed so that the first axis is aligned with the Z-direction perpendicular to the X-direction and the Y-direction, i.e., the normal direction of the floor panel F.

[0027] However, when the sensor 2 is installed on the superstructure 7, the installation location may be tilted. Even if one of the three detection axes of the sensor 2 is not installed in the normal direction of the floor board F, the error is small and negligible as long as it is roughly oriented in the normal direction. Furthermore, even if one of the three detection axes of the sensor 2 is not installed in the normal direction of the floor board F, the measurement device 1 can correct the detection error due to the tilt of the sensor 2 by using a three-axis composite acceleration obtained by combining the accelerations of the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. Furthermore, the sensor 2 may be a one-axis acceleration sensor that detects at least the acceleration occurring in a direction approximately parallel to the vertical direction, or the acceleration in the normal direction of the floor board F.

[0028] The measurement method according to this embodiment, which is executed by the measurement apparatus 1, will be described in detail below.

[0029] 2. Details of the measurement method First, the measuring device 1 integrates acceleration data a(k) output from the sensor 2, which is an acceleration sensor, to generate speed data v(k) as shown in equation (1), and further integrates the speed data v(k) to generate measurement data u(k) as shown in equation (2). The acceleration data a(k) is data of acceleration change from which unnecessary acceleration bias has been removed in order to calculate the displacement change when the railroad vehicle 6 passes over the bridge 5. For example, the acceleration immediately before the railroad vehicle 6 passes over the bridge 5 may be set to 0, and the acceleration change thereafter may be set as the acceleration data a(k). In equations (1) and (2), k is the sample number, and ΔT is the time interval between samples. The measurement data u(k) is data of the displacement of the observation point R caused by the running of the railroad vehicle 6.

[0030]

number

[0031]

number

[0032] Measurement data u(k), which has sample number k as a variable, is converted into measurement data u(t), which has time t as a variable, where t = kΔT. An example of the measurement data u(t) is shown in Figure 4. The measurement data u(t) is generated based on acceleration data a(t) output from sensor 2 observing observation point R, and is therefore data based on acceleration, which is a response to the action of multiple axles of railway vehicle 6 moving on superstructure 7 on observation point R.

[0033] Next, the measurement device 1 detects the fundamental frequency F f In order to reduce the vibration components and their harmonics, the measurement data u(t) is filtered to obtain the measurement data u lp The filtering process may be, for example, low-pass filtering or band-pass filtering.

[0034] Specifically, the measurement device 1 first performs a fast Fourier transform on the measurement data u(t) to calculate the power spectrum density, and identifies the peak of the power spectrum density as the fundamental frequency F f FIG. 5 shows the power spectrum density obtained by fast Fourier transform of the measurement data u(t) in FIG. 4. In the example in FIG. 5, the fundamental frequency F f is calculated to be about 3 Hz. Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F f From the fundamental period T f Calculate the fundamental period T f The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data by dividing by ΔT. mf Calculate the fundamental period T f is the fundamental frequency F f is the period corresponding to T f >2ΔT.

[0035]

number

[0036]

number

[0037] Then, the measurement device 1 performs filtering by calculating the fundamental period T f The measurement data u(t) is processed by moving average to reduce the vibration components contained in the measurement data u(t) lp This moving average process not only requires a small amount of calculation, but also generates the fundamental frequency F f The attenuation of the signal component and its harmonic components is very large, so the vibration components are effectively reduced in the measurement data u lp (t) is obtained. Figure 6 shows the measurement data u lp As shown in FIG. 6, the measured data u(t) is almost completely free of vibration components. lp (t) is obtained.

[0038]

number

[0039] In addition, the measurement device 1 performs filtering by applying a fundamental frequency F f The measurement data u is processed by FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies above lp (t) may be generated. FIR stands for Finite Impulse Response. This FIR filter process requires more calculations than the moving average process, but it has a fundamental frequency F f All signal components at these frequencies can be attenuated.

[0040] Next, the measurement device 1 outputs the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is determined by a predetermined coefficient C L and measurement data lp Amplitude u calculated from (t) a The threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a The two times exceeding t i and departure time t o However, 0 <C L < 1, and the amplitude u a For example, the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is shifted from time t1 to time t2, and is calculated using equation (6).

[0041]

number

[0042] Approach time t i is the time when the leading axle of the railcar 6 passes through the entrance end of the superstructure 7. o is the time when the rearmost axle of the railway vehicle 6 passes the leading end of the superstructure 7.lp (t) and approach time t i and departure time t o An example of the relationship is shown below.

[0043] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the advance time t o and approach time t i The difference between the time t s Calculate.

[0044]

number

[0045] In addition, the measurement device 1 calculates the number of railcars 6, C, by using the formula (8). T As the transit time t s and the fundamental frequency F f Calculate the largest integer less than or equal to the product of x and x minus 1.

[0046]

number

[0047] Measuring device 1 measures the approach time t i , entry time t o , transit time t s and number of vehicles C T In the example of FIG. 7, the observation information including the approach time t i =7.155 seconds, advance time t o =12.845 seconds, transit time t s =5.69 seconds, number of vehicles C T =16.

[0048] Then, the measurement device 1 performs subsequent processing based on the observation information and environmental information including the dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 and the dimensions of the superstructure 7 that have been created in advance.

[0049] The environmental information may include dimensions of the superstructure 7, for example the length L of the superstructure 7. B and the position L of observation point Rx Including the length L of the superstructure 7 B is the distance between the entrance end and exit end of the superstructure 7. Also, the position L of the observation point R x is the distance from the entrance end of the superstructure 7 to the observation point R. The environmental information also includes the dimensions of the railcar 6, for example, the length L of each car of the railcar 6. C (C m ), number of axles for each vehicle a T (C m ) and the distance between the axles of each vehicle La(a w (C m ,n)) is included. C m is the vehicle number, and the length of each vehicle L C (C m ) starts with C m The distance between the two ends of the th car. The number of axles in each car is a T (C m ) starts with C m n is the axle number of each vehicle, 1≦n≦a T (C m ) The distance between the axles of each vehicle is La(a w (C m ,n)) is C from the beginning when n=1. m The distance between the tip of the th car and the first axle from the front, and when n≧2, the distance between the n-1th axle from the front and the nth axle. m Length of the th vehicle L C (C m ) and the distance between the axles La(a w (C m ,n)) is shown below. The dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 and the dimensions of the superstructure 7 can be measured by known methods. A database of the dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 passing over the bridge 5 may be created in advance, and the dimensions of the relevant vehicle may be referenced based on the passing time.

[0050] In addition, when it is assumed that a railway vehicle 6 having an arbitrary number of cars with the same dimensions is traveling on the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5, the environmental information is the length L C (C m ), number of axles a T (Cm ) and the distance between the axles La(a w (C m ,n)).

[0051] Total number of axles for railcars 6 Ta T is the number of vehicles included in the observation information, C T and the number of axles of each vehicle included in the environmental information a T (C m ) is used to calculate using equation (9).

[0052]

number

[0053] C from the front axle of railcar 6 m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m ,n) is the length L of each vehicle included in the environmental information C (C m ), number of axles for each vehicle a T (C m ) and the distance between the axles of each vehicle La(a w (C m ,n)) is calculated by formula (10). In formula (10), L C (C m )=L C (1) is assumed to be the case.

[0054]

number

[0055] The measurement device 1 is C in Eq. (10). m =C T , n=a T (C T ) from the front axle of the railcar 6 to the rear axle of the rearmost railcar, D wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T))).

[0056]

number

[0057] The average speed of railcar 6, v a is the length L of the superstructure 7 included in the environmental information B , the transit time t included in the observation information s and the calculated distance D wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T ))) and the average speed v of the railcar 6 is calculated by equation (12). a Calculate.

[0058]

number

[0059] The measuring device 1 calculates the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 by using equation (13) by substituting equation (11) into equation (12). a Calculate.

[0060]

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[0061] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection of the superstructure 7 caused by the running of the railway vehicle 6 in the following manner.

[0062] In this embodiment, the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5 is considered to have one or more bridge decks 7a, each of which is composed of a deck F and a main girder G, arranged in succession, and the measuring device 1 calculates the displacement of one bridge deck 7a as the displacement at the center in the longitudinal direction. The load applied to the superstructure 7 moves from one end of the superstructure 7 to the other end. At this time, the deflection amount, which is the displacement of the middle part of the superstructure 7, can be expressed using the position of the load on the superstructure 7 and the load amount. In this embodiment, in order to express the deflection deformation when the axle of the railroad vehicle 6 moves on the superstructure 7 as a trajectory of the deflection amount due to the movement of a single point load on the beam, a structural model shown in FIG. 9 is considered, and the deflection amount at the center is calculated in the structural model. In FIG. 9, P is the load. a is the load position from the entry end of the superstructure 7 on the side where the railroad vehicle 6 enters. b is the load position from the exit end of the superstructure 7 on the side where the railroad vehicle 6 exits. L B is the length of the superstructure 7, i.e., the distance between both ends of the superstructure 7. The structural model shown in FIG. 9 is a simple beam supported at both ends.

[0063] In the structural model shown in FIG. 9, when the position of the entry end of the superstructure 7 is set to zero and the observation position of the deflection is set to x, the bending moment M of the simple beam is expressed by equation (14).

[0064]

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[0065] In equation (14), the function H a is defined as in equation (15).

[0066]

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[0067] By transforming equation (14), equation (16) is obtained.

[0068]

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[0069] On the other hand, the bending moment M is expressed by the formula (17). In the formula (17), θ is the angle, I is the second moment, and E is the Young's modulus.

[0070]

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[0071] By substituting equation (17) into equation (16), equation (18) is obtained.

[0072]

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[0073] Equation (19) is calculated by integrating equation (18) with respect to the observation position x to obtain equation (20). In equation (20), C1 is an integral constant.

[0074]

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[0075]

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[0076] Furthermore, equation (21) is calculated by integrating equation (20) with respect to the observation position x, to obtain equation (22). In equation (22), C2 is an integral constant.

[0077]

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[0078]

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[0079] In equation (22), θx represents the amount of deflection, and equation (10) is obtained by replacing θx with the amount of deflection w.

[0080]

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[0081] From Figure 9, b=L B Since it is -a, equation (23) is transformed into equation (24).

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[0083] When x=0, the deflection w=0, and x≦a, H a = 0, so in equation (24) we have x = w = H a Substituting =0 and rearranging, we obtain equation (25).

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[0085] Also, x=L B With the deflection amount w=0, x>a, H a = 1, so in equation (24) we add x = L B ,w=0,H a Substituting =1 and rearranging, we obtain equation (26).

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[0087] In equation (26), b = L B Substituting -a, we obtain equation (27).

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[0089] By substituting the integral constant C1 of equation (25) and the integral constant C2 of equation (26) into equation (23), equation (28) is obtained.

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[0091] By transforming equation (28), the deflection w at observation position x when load P is applied to position a is expressed by equation (29).

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[0093] Deflection w at the central observation position x when load P is at the center of the superstructure 7 0.5LB , x=0.5LB, a=b=0.5LB, H a = 0, and this is expressed by equation (30). 0.5LB is the maximum amplitude of the deflection w.

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[0095] The deflection w at any observation position x is the deflection w 0.5LB When the position a of the load P is closer to the entry end than the observation position x, x>a, so H is added to equation (30). a Substituting =1 gives equation (31).

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[0097] Position a of load P is a=L B r, and in equation (31), a = L B r,b=L BSubstituting (1-r) and rearranging, the deflection amount w is normalized to the deflection amount w by equation (32). std r is the length L of the superstructure 7 B This shows the ratio of position a of load P to

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[0099] Similarly, if the position a of the load P is closer to the forward end than the observation position x, then x≦a, and H is added to equation (30). a Substituting =0 gives us equation (33).

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[0101] Position a of load P is a=L B r, and in equation (33), a = L B r,b=L B Substituting (1-r) and rearranging, the deflection amount w becomes the normalized deflection amount w std is obtained.

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[0103] Combining equations (32) and (34), we can obtain the arbitrary observation position x=L x Deflection amount w std (r) is expressed by equation (35). In equation (35), the function R(r) is expressed by equation (36). Equation (35) is an approximation equation for the deflection of the superstructure 7, which is a structure, and is based on a structural model of the superstructure 7. Specifically, equation (35) is an approximation equation normalized by the maximum amplitude of deflection at the center position between the approach end and the exit end of the superstructure 7.

[0104]

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[0105]

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[0106] In this embodiment, the load P is the load of an arbitrary axle of the railway vehicle 6. When an arbitrary axle of the railway vehicle 6 is located at a position L from the entrance end of the superstructure 7 to the observation point R, x The time it takes to reach xn is the average velocity v calculated by equation (12) a It is calculated using equation (37).

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[0108] Also, any axle of the railcar 6 has length L B The time t required for the superstructure 7 to pass through ln is calculated using equation (38).

[0109]

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[0110] Railroad Car 6 C m The time t0 (C m ,n) is the approach time t i , the distance D calculated by Eq. (10) wa (a w (C m , n) and the average velocity v calculated by equation (12) a It is calculated using equation (39).

[0111]

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[0112] The measurement device 1 uses the formulas (37), (38), and (39) to obtain C m The deflection w of the nth axle of the nth vehicle, expressed by equation (35), std Deflection w when (r) is replaced with time std (a w (C m In equation (40), the function R(t) is expressed by equation (41). std (a w (C m ,n),t) is shown below.

[0113]

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[0114]

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[0115] Moreover, the measurement device 1 calculates C m Deflection amount C caused by the th vehicle std (C m ,t) is calculated. m Deflection amount C caused by the th vehicle std (C m ,t) is shown below.

[0116]

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[0117] Furthermore, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T caused by the railway vehicle 6 by using the formula (43). std (t) is calculated. T = Deflection T due to 16 railcars 6 std In FIG. 12, the dashed lines indicate the 16 deflection amounts C std (1,t)~C std (16,t) is shown.

[0118]

number

[0119] Next, the measuring device 1 measures the amount of deflection T std The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) M In order to reduce the vibration component and its harmonics, the deflection amount T std Deflection amount T obtained by filtering (t) std_lp The filtering process may be, for example, low-pass filtering or band-pass filtering.

[0120] Specifically, first, the measuring device 1 measures the amount of deflection T std (t) is subjected to fast Fourier transform to calculate the power spectrum density, and the peak of the power spectrum density is taken as the fundamental frequency F M Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F M From the fundamental period T M Calculate the fundamental period T M The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data by dividing by ΔT. mM Calculate the fundamental period T M is the fundamental frequency F M is the period corresponding to T M >2ΔT.

[0121]

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[0122]

number

[0123] Then, the measurement device 1 performs filtering by calculating the fundamental period T M Deflection amount T std (t) is processed by moving average to obtain the deflection amount T std The deflection amount T that reduces the vibration component contained in (t)std_lp This moving average process not only requires a small amount of calculation, but also calculates the fundamental frequency F M The attenuation of the signal component and its harmonic components is very large, so the vibration component is effectively reduced by the deflection T std_lp (t) is obtained. The deflection amount T std_lp As shown in FIG. 13, the deflection amount T std The deflection T with most of the vibration components contained in (t) removed std_lp (t) is obtained.

[0124]

number

[0125] In addition, the measuring device 1 performs filtering by measuring the amount of deflection T std (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F M The signal components with frequencies above 1000 Hz are attenuated by FIR filtering to obtain the deflection T std_lp (t) may be calculated. This FIR filter process requires more calculations than the moving average process, but the fundamental frequency F f All signal components at these frequencies can be attenuated.

[0126] Figure 14 shows the measurement data u lp (t) and the deflection T shown in Figure 13 std_lp (t) is shown overlapping. Deflection T std_lp Considering that (t) is the deflection proportional to the load of the railway vehicle 6 passing through the superstructure 7, the deflection T std_lp A linear function of (t) is the measured data u lp (t) is assumed to be approximately equal to the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection amount T std_lp The time interval to be approximated is the entry time t i and the advance time t o Between or deflection amount T std_lp (t) is a time interval in which the amplitude is not zero.

[0127]

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[0128] Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 of the linear function expressed by the equation (47). For example, the measurement device 1 calculates the error e(t) expressed by the equation (48), that is, the measurement data u lp The first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 that minimize the difference between (t) and the linear function of equation (47) are calculated.

[0129]

number

[0130] The first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 are calculated by equations (49) and (50), respectively. Let k be the data interval corresponding to the approximated time interval. a ≦k≦k b Let us assume that.

[0131]

number

[0132]

number

[0133] Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount T using the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 as shown in equation (51). std_lp The deflection amount T after adjusting (t) Estd_lp (t) is calculated as shown in equation (51). Estd_lp (t) basically corresponds to the right-hand side of equation (47), but at the approach time t i Sections before and entry time t o In the section after this, the zero-order coefficient c0 is set to 0. Estd_lp An example of (t) is shown below.

[0134]

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[0135] In addition, as shown in equation (52), the deflection amount T using the first-order coefficient c1 calculated in equation (49) and the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated in equation (50) is std Assume that a linear function of (t) is approximately equal to the measured data u(t).

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[0137] Deflection amount T using the first order coefficient c1 and the zero order coefficient c0 std The deflection amount T after adjusting (t) Estd (t) is calculated by equation (53). The right-hand side of equation (53) is the T std_lp (t) to T std In Fig. 16, the deflection amount T Estd An example of (t) is shown below.

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[0139] Next, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection amount T in a predetermined section using equation (54) with t=kΔT. Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) and amplitude ratio R T In equation (54), the numerator is the deflection amount T Estd_lp Waveform of (t) and deflection T std_lp The deflection amount T included in a certain section of the section where the waveform of (t) is shifted Estd_lp (t) is the average value of n+1 samples, and the denominator is the deflection amount T std_lp The deflection amount T Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) and the predetermined interval T for calculating the average valueavg An example of the relationship is shown below.

[0140]

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[0141] Next, the measurement device 1 measures the amplitude ratio R T and deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product R T T std_lp (t) is compared with the zeroth order coefficient c0 to obtain the offset T offset_std Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the amplitude ratio R T and deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product R T T std_lp The product R whose absolute value of (t) is greater than the absolute value of the zeroth coefficient c0 T T std_lp (t) interval is replaced with the zeroth coefficient c0 and the offset T offset_std (t) is calculated. offset_std In the example of FIG. 18, the deflection amount T std_lp Since the amplitude of (t) is zero or negative, the measurement device 1 calculates the product R T T std_lp (t) is replaced with the zeroth order coefficient c0 to obtain the offset T offset_std (t) is calculated.

[0142]

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[0143] Next, the measuring device 1 calculates the linear coefficient c1 and the deflection amount T as shown in equation (56). std (t) and its product c1T std (t) and offset T offset_std (t) is added to obtain the deflection T EOstd (t) is calculated. This deflection T EOstd (t) corresponds to the static response when the railway vehicle 6 passes over the superstructure 7. EOstdAn example of the measurement data u(t) and the deflection amount T EOstd The relationship with (t) is shown.

[0144]

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[0145] Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount T from the measurement data u(t) as shown in equation (57). EOstd Subtract (t) to get the natural vibration u nv (t) is calculated. This natural vibration u nv (t) corresponds to the dynamic response when the railway vehicle 6 passes through the superstructure 7. nv An example of (t) is shown below.

[0146]

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[0147] The natural frequency u as the first dynamic response calculated by equation (57) nv (t) includes unnecessary signals in addition to the fundamental wave. Therefore, the measurement device 1 detects the natural vibration u nv To extract the fundamental of (t), the first dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv (t) is filtered to attenuate unwanted signals and the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is calculated. The unnecessary signal is, for example, the fundamental frequency F N These are signal components and harmonic components with frequencies lower than

[0148] Natural vibration u nv The filtering process attenuates the unwanted signals from (t) and the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N In addition, the gain of the natural vibration u nv The filtering process that attenuates unwanted signals from (t) is the fundamental frequency FN This may include high pass filtering to attenuate signal components with frequencies lower than

[0149] For example, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv After performing high-pass filtering on (t), the measurement device 1 may further perform low-pass filtering. nv For (t), the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N The natural vibration u is generated by high-pass filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies lower than nv_hp Calculate (t).

[0150] Specifically, first, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv (t) is subjected to fast Fourier transform to calculate the power spectrum density, and the peak of the power spectrum density is taken as the fundamental frequency F N The natural vibration u nv The power spectrum density obtained by fast Fourier transform processing of (t) is shown in FIG. 22. In the example of FIG. 22, the fundamental frequency F N is calculated to be about 3 Hz. Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F N From the fundamental period T N Calculate the fundamental period T N The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data by dividing by ΔT. mN Calculate the fundamental period T N is the fundamental frequency F N is the period corresponding to T N >2ΔT.

[0151]

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[0152]

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[0153] Then, the measuring device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv From (t), the fundamental period T N The natural frequency u nv (t) is subjected to a moving average process to reduce the vibration components, and a high-pass filter process is performed to subtract the low-frequency signal components, resulting in the natural vibration u nv_hp This moving average process not only requires a small amount of calculation, but also calculates the fundamental frequency F N Since the attenuation of the signal component of and its harmonic components is very large, a low-frequency signal component with effectively reduced vibration components can be obtained. Therefore, according to equation (60), the natural vibration u nv_hp (t) is obtained. Figure 23 shows the frequency characteristics of the high-pass filter using equation (60). Figure 24 shows the natural vibration u nv_hp An example of (t) is shown below.

[0154]

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[0155] The measurement device 1 performs high-pass filtering to measure the natural vibration u nv (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F N The natural vibration u is generated by performing FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies lower than nv_hp (t) may be calculated.

[0156] Furthermore, the measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv_hp The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp For example, the natural vibration u nv In the power spectrum density of (t), the third harmonic component is large. Therefore, in order to attenuate the third harmonic component, the measurement device 1 reduces the fundamental period T N The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data by dividing the three-fold period by ΔT.mL Calculate the following: N >2ΔT.

[0157]

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[0158] Natural vibration u nv_hp (t) is the moving average interval k mL When the moving average is applied, the fundamental frequency F N and three times its frequency, 3F N Since the frequency interval between the fundamental frequency F N Gain of g N is smaller than 1. The transfer characteristic of the moving average filter is expressed by equation (62), so the measurement device 1 can be expressed by equation (62) as follows: ω = 2πF N The gain g when N can be calculated.

[0159]

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[0160] Therefore, the fundamental frequency F N The correction coefficient for correcting the gain of g to 1 is N -1 The measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv (t) and attenuates the third harmonic component of the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is calculated. The natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is basically the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N The natural vibration u nv_3lp An example of (t) is shown below.

[0161]

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[0162] In addition, the natural vibration u nv When the second harmonic component included in (t) is large, the measuring device 1 performs a moving average process to attenuate the second harmonic component. nv When the second harmonic component and the third harmonic component included in (t) are both large, the measuring device 1 may perform both a moving average process to attenuate the second harmonic component and a moving average process to attenuate the third harmonic component. nv When the n-th harmonic component contained in (t) is large, the measuring device 1 may perform a moving average process to attenuate the n-th harmonic component.

[0163] In addition, the measurement device 1 performs low-pass filtering to detect the natural vibration u nv_hp (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F N The natural vibration u is generated by performing FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies higher than nv_3lp (t) may be calculated.

[0164] The measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv In the above, a case has been described in which high-pass filtering is performed on (t) and then low-pass filtering is performed. nv A low-pass filter may be applied to (t) and then a high-pass filter may be applied to the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N When the signal components at frequencies lower than 1000 Hz are small, the measurement device 1 does not need to perform high-pass filtering.

[0165] Next, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope amplitude u of (t) nv_mag (t) is calculated. Specifically, the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is approximately the fundamental frequency F N Therefore, the measurement device 1 can calculate the natural vibration u nv_3lpThe absolute value of (t) is low-pass filtered to obtain the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) is calculated. In FIG. 27, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag An example of (t) is shown below.

[0166]

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[0167] Natural vibration u nv_3lp The absolute value of (t) is the fundamental frequency F N Since the signal contains twice the frequency of N For example, when the low-pass filter process is a moving average process as shown in Equation (64), the moving average interval length t MA Let k be the fundamental frequency F N The value is divided by k=4, F N = 2.7917Hz, ΔT = 0.012 seconds, then t MA =118ΔT.

[0168]

number

[0169] Next, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv_3lp In at least a first section T1, which is a part of the section in which the vibration component included in (t) attenuates, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) is approximated by an exponential function. The first section T1 is time t e0 From time t e1 The first section T1 starts at time t e0 is the time of advance t o For example, the measurement device 1 determines the exit time t out The range of time t that satisfies formula (67) may be set as the first section T1. out is the advance time t oTherefore, the start time t of the first interval T1 that satisfies equation (67) is e0 is the time of advance t o It is onwards.

[0170]

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[0171]

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[0172] Start time t of the first section T1 e0 and end time t e1 For example, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The envelope amplitude u(t) is selected in a range where the logarithm y(t) of (t) is approximately linear. nv_mag 4 shows an example of the logarithm y(t) of (t) and a first interval T1.

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[0174] 28, after the railway vehicle 6 has passed, the logarithm y(t) becomes approximately a straight line in the first section T1 where the vibration of the superstructure 7 attenuates. The logarithm y(t) in the first section T1 is approximated by a linear function Q(t) shown in equation (69).

[0175]

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[0176] The measurement device 1 calculates, by the least squares method, the first-order coefficient q1 and the zeroth-order coefficient q0 that minimize the error e(t) expressed by equation (70), i.e., the difference between the logarithm y(t) and the linear function Q(t) of equation (69).

[0177]

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[0178] The first-order coefficient q1 and the zeroth-order coefficient q0 are calculated by equations (71) and (72), respectively. Here, the data interval corresponding to the approximated time interval is denoted as t e0 ≦t≦t e1 Let us assume that.

[0179]

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[0180]

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[0181] In the first section T1, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The exponential function that approximates (t) is the damping oscillation curve u env_b (t), the damping curve u env_b (t) is calculated by equation (73) using the first-order coefficient q1 and the zeroth-order coefficient q0.

[0182]

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[0183] On the other hand, from the equation of motion, the damped vibration u b (t) is expressed by equation (74), where ζ is the damping ratio and ω is the natural frequency.

[0184]

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[0185] Damped vibration u b The envelope of (t) and the damping oscillation curve u env_b By corresponding (t), we obtain equation (75).

[0186]

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[0187] From equation (75), the damping rate ζ is calculated by equation (76).

[0188]

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[0189] Damped vibration u b The value at the start of the envelope of (t) is the start time t of the first section T1. e0 Damping curve u env_b When corresponding to the amplitude of (t), we obtain equations (77) and (78).

[0190]

number

[0191]

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[0192] Damped vibration u env (t) is expressed by equation (79). env (t) and the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp As shown in Fig. 29, the damped vibration u env (t) and natural vibration u nv_3lp It closely approximates (t).

[0193]

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[0194] 3. Measurement procedure 30 is a flow chart showing an example of the procedure of the measurement method of this embodiment. In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 executes the procedure shown in FIG.

[0195] As shown in FIG. 30, first, in an observation data acquisition step S10, the measurement device 1 acquires acceleration data a(k), which is observation data output from a sensor 2, which is an observation device.

[0196] Next, in a first measurement data generating step S20, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u(t) which is the first measurement data based on acceleration as a physical quantity which is a response to the action of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7 on the observation point R, based on the acceleration data a(k) which is the observation data acquired in step S10. An example of the procedure of the first measurement data generating step S20 will be described later.

[0197] Next, in a second measurement data generation step S30, the measurement device 1 generates second measurement data, which is measurement data u(t) generated in step S20 by filtering the measurement data u(t) to reduce vibration components. lp For example, the measurement device 1 performs filtering to obtain the fundamental frequency F f A low-pass filter process is performed to attenuate vibration components of the above frequencies. An example of the procedure of the second measurement data generating step S30 will be described later.

[0198] Next, in the observation information generation process S40, the measurement device 1 determines the approach time t i and departure time t o Generate observation information including the approach time t i is the time when the leading axle of the railcar 6 passes through the entrance end of the superstructure 7, and the exit time t o is the time when the rearmost axle of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 passes the leading end of the superstructure 7. In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 uses the measurement data u lp Based on (t), the approach time t i and departure time t o Furthermore, the measurement device 1 calculates the number of vehicles C T An example of the procedure of the observation information generating step S40 will be described later.

[0199] Next, in an average speed calculation step S50, the measurement device 1 calculates the average speed v of the railcar 6 based on the observation information generated in step S40 and environmental information including the dimensions of the railcar 6 and the dimensions of the superstructure 7 that have been created in advance. a The environmental information is the length L of the superstructure 7. B , position L of observation point R x , the length L of each railcar 6 C (C m ), number of axles for each vehicle a T (C m ) and the distance La (a w (C m , n)) An example of the procedure of the average speed calculation step S50 will be described later.

[0200] Next, in a first deflection amount calculation step S60, the measurement device 1 calculates an approximation equation for the deflection of the superstructure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), the observation information generated in step S40, the environmental information, and the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 calculated in step S50. a Based on this, a first deflection amount T of the superstructure 7 due to the railway vehicle 6 is calculated. std Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the average velocity v a Based on the above, the deflection amount w of the upper structure 7 due to each of the multiple axles is calculated. std (a w (C m , n), t) and the deflection amount w of the superstructure 7 due to each of the multiple axles is calculated. std (a w (C m ,n),t) to obtain the deflection amount T std An example of the procedure of the first deflection amount calculation step S60 will be described later.

[0201] Next, in a second deflection amount calculation step S70, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount T std The second deflection, T, is the deflection obtained by filtering (t) to reduce the vibration component. std_lpFor example, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M A low-pass filter process is performed to attenuate the vibration components of the above frequencies. An example of the procedure of the second deflection amount calculation step S70 will be described later.

[0202] Next, in the coefficient calculation step S80, the measurement device 1 calculates the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection T calculated in step S70 std_lp (t) with a linear function, and calculates the linear coefficient c1 and the zeroth coefficient c0 of the linear function. Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection amount T std_lp The linear function of (t) is used for approximation, and the linear coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 are calculated using the above-mentioned equations (49) and (50) by using the least squares method.

[0203] Next, in a third deflection amount calculation step S90, the measurement device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 calculated in step S80 and the deflection amount T std_lp Based on (t) and the third deflection, the deflection T Estd_lp Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the approach time t i Sections and entry times t o In the section after this, the primary coefficient c1 and the deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product c1T std_lp (t), and the approach time is t i and the advance time t o In the interval between std_lp The deflection T is the sum of (t) and the zero-order coefficient c0 Estd_lp Calculate (t).

[0204] Next, in the offset calculation step S100, the measurement device 1 calculates the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated in step S80 and the deflection amount T std_lp (t) and the deflection T calculated in step S90 Estd_lp (t) and offset T based onoffset_std An example of the procedure of the offset calculation step S100 will be described later.

[0205] Next, in the static response calculation step S110, the measurement device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 calculated in step S80 and the deflection amount T calculated in step S60, as shown in the above-mentioned equation (56). std (t) and its product c1T std (t) and the offset T calculated in step S100 offset_std (t) is added to obtain the static response deflection T EOstd Calculate (t).

[0206] Next, in a first dynamic response calculation step S120, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T as a static response in step S110 from the measurement data u(t) generated in step S20 as shown in the above equation (57). EOstd (t) is subtracted to obtain the natural vibration u as the first dynamic response. nv Calculate (t).

[0207] Next, in a second dynamic response calculation step S130, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv (t) is filtered to attenuate unwanted signals and the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is calculated. This filtering process calculates the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N , which may include low-pass filtering to correct the gain at the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response calculation step S130 may include a high-pass filter process for attenuating signal components having a frequency lower than the frequency of the first dynamic response calculation step S130. An example of the procedure of the second dynamic response calculation step S130 will be described later.

[0208] Next, in the envelope amplitude calculation step S140, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope amplitude u of (t) nv_magSpecifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp The absolute value of (t) is low-pass filtered and multiplied by π / 2 to obtain the envelope amplitude u nv_mag Calculate (t).

[0209] Next, in the attenuation rate calculation step S150, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag Based on (t), the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp The damping factor ζ of the vibration component included in (t) is calculated. An example of the procedure of the damping factor calculation step S150 will be described later.

[0210] Next, in a measurement data output step S160, the measurement device 1 outputs the measurement data including the attenuation rate ζ calculated in step S150 to the monitoring device 3. Specifically, the measurement device 1 transmits the measurement data to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. The measurement data includes the measurement data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t),T std_lp (t),T Estd_lp (t), deflection T EOstd (t), natural vibration u nv (t),u nv_3lp (t), envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) etc. may also be included.

[0211] Then, the measuring device 1 repeats the processes of steps S10 to S160 until the measurement is completed in step S170.

[0212] FIG. 31 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the first measured data generating step S20 of FIG.

[0213] As shown in FIG. 31, in step S201, the measurement device 1 integrates the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2 to generate velocity data v(t) as in the above-mentioned equation (1).

[0214] Then, in step S202, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u(t) by integrating the velocity data v(t) generated in step S201, as in the above-mentioned equation (2).

[0215] Thus, in this embodiment, the measurement data u(t) is data on the displacement of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6, which is a moving body moving on the superstructure 7, which is a structure, and is data obtained by integrating twice the acceleration in a direction intersecting with the surface of the superstructure 7 on which the railway vehicle 6 moves. Therefore, the measurement data u(t) includes data on a waveform that is convex in the positive or negative direction, specifically, a rectangular waveform, a trapezoidal waveform, or a half-sine waveform. Note that the rectangular waveform includes not only an exact rectangular waveform but also a waveform that approximates a rectangular waveform. Similarly, the trapezoidal waveform includes not only an exact trapezoidal waveform but also a waveform that approximates a trapezoidal waveform. Similarly, the half-sine waveform includes not only an exact half-sine waveform but also a waveform that approximates a half-sine waveform.

[0216] FIG. 32 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the second measured data generating step S30 in FIG.

[0217] As shown in FIG. 32, in step S301, the measurement device 1 performs fast Fourier transform processing on the measurement data u(t) calculated in step S202 of FIG. 31 to calculate the power spectrum density, and calculates the peak of the power spectrum density as the fundamental frequency F f It is calculated as follows.

[0218] Then, in step S302, the measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F f The measurement data u is processed by a low-pass filter that attenuates the vibration components of the frequency above lp The measurement device 1 generates the fundamental frequency F f The fundamental period T f Then, the measurement data u(t) is processed by moving average to obtain the measurement data u lp Alternatively, the measurement device 1 may generate a fundamental frequency F(t) for the measurement data u(t) as a low-pass filter process. fThe measurement data u is processed by FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies above lp (t) may be generated.

[0219] FIG. 33 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the observation information generating step S40 of FIG.

[0220] As shown in FIG. 33, first, in step S401, the measurement device 1 measures the amplitude u a The measurement data u generated in step S302 of FIG. 32 is calculated by the above-mentioned equation (6). lp The average value of the section from time t1 to time t2, during which the amplitude of (t) is shifted, is calculated.

[0221] Next, in step S402, the measurement device 1 i As the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is determined by a predetermined coefficient C L and the amplitude u calculated in step S401 a The threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a A first time instant that exceeds

[0222] In step S403, the measurement device 1 detects the exit time t o As the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a A second time that is later than the first time and exceeds the first time.

[0223] In step S404, the measuring device 1 calculates the passing time t s Then, the advance time t o and approach time t i Calculate the difference between

[0224] Next, in step S405, the measurement device 1 calculates the number of railcars 6, C, as shown in the above formula (8). TThe transit time t calculated in step S404 is s and the fundamental frequency F calculated in step S301 of FIG. f The product of s F f Calculate the largest integer less than or equal to minus 1.

[0225] Then, in step S406, the measurement device 1 calculates the approach time t i , the advance time t calculated in step S403 o , the transit time t calculated in step S404 s and the number of vehicles C calculated in step S405 T Generate observations including:

[0226] FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the average velocity calculation step S50 in FIG.

[0227] In step S501, the measurement device 1 calculates the distance D from the front axle to the rear axle of the railcar 6 by the above-mentioned formula (11) based on the environmental information. wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T ))).

[0228] In step S502, the measurement device 1 calculates the distance from the entrance end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 based on the environmental information. In this embodiment, the distance from the entrance end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 is calculated based on the length L of the upper structure 7 included in the environmental information. B It is.

[0229] Then, in step S503, the measurement device 1 detects the approach time t i and departure time t o , the distance D from the front axle to the rear axle of the railcar 6 calculated in step S501 wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T))), and the length L of the upper structure 7, which is the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 calculated in step S502 B Based on this, the average speed of the railcar 6, v a Calculate.

[0230] FIG. 35 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the first deflection amount calculation step S60 of FIG.

[0231] First, in step S601, the measurement device 1 calculates the distance C from the front axle of the railcar 6 by the above-mentioned formula (10) based on the environmental information. m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m ,n) are calculated respectively.

[0232] Next, in step S602, the measurement device 1 detects the position L of the observation point R included in the environmental information. x and the average velocity v calculated in step S503 of FIG. a Using the above equation (37), the distance between the entrance end of the superstructure 7 and the position L of the observation point R of any axle of the railway vehicle 6 is calculated. x The time it takes to reach xn Calculate.

[0233] In step S603, the measurement device 1 calculates the length L of the upper structure 7, which is the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7, calculated in step S502 of FIG. B and the average speed v a Using the above equation (38), the time t required for any axle of the railcar 6 to pass through the superstructure 7 is calculated. ln Calculate.

[0234] Furthermore, in step S604, the measurement device 1 detects the approach time t i and the distance D calculated in step S601. wa (a w (C m ,n)) and the average speed v aUsing the above equation (39), the C of railway car 6 is m The time t0 (C m ,n) are calculated respectively.

[0235] Next, in step S605, the measurement device 1 calculates an approximation equation for the deflection of the upper structure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), and the time t xn and the time t calculated in step S603 ln and the time t0 (C m , n) using the above equation (40), C m Deflection of the superstructure 7 by the n-th axle of the n-th vehicle w std (a w (C m ,n), and t) are calculated respectively.

[0236] Next, in step S606, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount w of the upper structure 7 due to each axle calculated for each vehicle in step S605 using the above-mentioned formula (42). std (a w (C m , n), t) are added together to determine the deflection C of the superstructure 7 caused by each vehicle. std (C m ,t) is calculated.

[0237] Then, in step S607, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount C of the upper structure 7 caused by each vehicle in step S606 using the above-mentioned formula (43). std (C m , t) to obtain the deflection T of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6. std Calculate (t).

[0238] FIG. 36 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the second deflection amount calculation step S70 of FIG.

[0239] As shown in FIG. 36, in step S701, the measurement device 1 measures the deflection amount T std(t) is subjected to fast Fourier transform to calculate the power spectrum density, and the peak of the power spectrum density is taken as the fundamental frequency F M It is calculated as follows.

[0240] Then, in step S702, the measuring device 1 measures the amount of deflection T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M The deflection amount T is calculated by performing low-pass filter processing to attenuate vibration components with frequencies above std_lp The measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F M The fundamental period T M Deflection amount T std The deflection amount T is calculated by taking the moving average of (t). std_lp Alternatively, the measurement device 1 may calculate the deflection amount T std (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F M The signal components with frequencies above 1000 Hz are attenuated by FIR filtering to obtain the deflection T std_lp (t) may be calculated.

[0241] FIG. 37 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the offset calculation step S100 of FIG.

[0242] As shown in FIG. 37, in step S1001, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection amount T in a predetermined section calculated in step S90 of FIG. 30 by the above-mentioned formula (54). Estd_lp (t) and the deflection T calculated in step S702 of Figure 36 std_lp (t) and amplitude ratio R T Calculate.

[0243] Then, in step S1002, the measurement device 1 calculates the amplitude ratio R T and deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product R T T std_lp The product R (t) whose absolute value is greater than the absolute value of the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated in step S80 of FIG. T T std_lp(t) interval is replaced with the zeroth coefficient c0 and the offset T offset_std Calculate (t).

[0244] FIG. 38 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the second dynamic response calculation step S130 of FIG.

[0245] As shown in FIG. 38, in step S1301, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv From (t), the fundamental period T N The natural frequency u nv (t) is subjected to a moving average process to reduce the vibration components, and a high-pass filter process is performed to subtract the low-frequency signal components, resulting in the natural vibration u nv_hp Calculate (t).

[0246] Furthermore, in step S1302, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u calculated in step S1301 by the above-mentioned equation (63). nv_hp The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp Calculate (t).

[0247] FIG. 39 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the attenuation rate calculation step S150 of FIG.

[0248] As shown in FIG. 39, in step S1501, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp In the first section T1, which is at least a part of the section in which the vibration component included in (t) attenuates, the envelope amplitude u calculated in step S140 of FIG. nv_mag (t) is approximated by an exponential function to calculate the exponential power coefficient q1. e0 is the time of advance t o For example, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_magThe logarithm y(t) of (t) is approximated by a linear function Q(t), and the power coefficient q1 is calculated using the above equation (71).

[0249] Then, in step S1502, the measurement device 1 applies the power coefficient q1 calculated in step S1501 to the natural vibration u nv_3lp Natural frequency of (t) ω=2πF N Divide by to calculate the damping rate ζ.

[0250] 4. Configuration of observation equipment, measuring equipment and monitoring equipment FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a sensor 2, a measuring device 1, and a monitoring device 3, which are observation devices.

[0251] As shown in FIG. 40, the sensor 2 includes a communication unit 21, an acceleration sensor 22, a processor 23, and a memory unit 24.

[0252] The storage unit 24 is a memory that stores various programs, data, etc. for the processor 23 to perform calculation processing and control processing. The storage unit 24 also stores programs, data, etc. for the processor 23 to realize predetermined application functions.

[0253] The acceleration sensor 22 detects the acceleration occurring in each of the three axial directions.

[0254] The processor 23 executes an observation program 241 stored in the storage unit 24 to control the acceleration sensor 22, generate observation data 242 based on the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor 22, and store the generated observation data 242 in the storage unit 24. In this embodiment, the observation data 242 is acceleration data a(k).

[0255] Under the control of the processor 23, the communication unit 21 transmits the observation data 242 stored in the memory unit 24 to the measurement device 1.

[0256] As shown in FIG. 40, the measurement device 1 includes a first communication unit 11, a second communication unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a processor .

[0257] The first communication unit 11 receives the observation data 242 from the sensor 2, and outputs the received observation data 242 to the processor 14. As described above, the observation data 242 is acceleration data a(k).

[0258] The storage unit 13 is a memory that stores programs, data, etc. for the processor 14 to perform calculation processing and control processing. The storage unit 13 also stores various programs, data, etc. for the processor 14 to realize predetermined application functions. The processor 14 may also receive various programs, data, etc. via the communication network 4 and store them in the storage unit 13.

[0259] The processor 14 generates measurement data 135 based on the observation data 242 received by the first communication unit 11 and the environmental information 132 stored in advance in the memory unit 13, and stores the generated measurement data 135 in the memory unit 13.

[0260] In this embodiment, the processor 14 executes the measurement program 131 stored in the memory unit 13, and thereby functions as an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection amount calculation unit 146, a second deflection amount calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection amount calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a static response calculation unit 151, a first dynamic response calculation unit 152, a second dynamic response calculation unit 153, an envelope amplitude calculation unit 154, a damping rate calculation unit 155 and a measurement data output unit 156. That is, the processor 14 includes an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection amount calculation unit 146, a second deflection amount calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection amount calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a static response calculation unit 151, a first dynamic response calculation unit 152, a second dynamic response calculation unit 153, an envelope amplitude calculation unit 154, a damping rate calculation unit 155 and a measurement data output unit 156.

[0261] The observation data acquisition unit 141 acquires the observation data 242 received by the first communication unit 11, and stores it in the storage unit 13 as the observation data 133. That is, the observation data acquisition unit 141 performs the process of the observation data acquisition step S10 in FIG.

[0262] The first measured data generating unit 142 reads out the observation data 133 stored in the storage unit 13, and generates the measured data u(t) which is the first measured data based on the acceleration as a physical quantity which is a response to the action on the observation point R of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7, based on the acceleration data a(t) which is the observation data 133. Specifically, the first measured data generating unit 142 integrates the acceleration data a(t) which is the observation data 133 to generate the speed data v(t) as in the above-mentioned formula (1), and further integrates the speed data v(t) to generate the measured data u(t) as in the above-mentioned formula (2). That is, the first measured data generating unit 142 performs the process of the first measured data generating step S20 in FIG. 30, specifically, the process of steps S201 and S202 in FIG. 31.

[0263] The second measurement data generating unit 143 generates the second measurement data u(t) by filtering the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generating unit 142 to reduce vibration components. lp For example, the second measured data generating unit 143 performs filtering to generate the fundamental frequency F f A low-pass filter process is performed to attenuate the vibration components of the above frequencies. Specifically, the second measurement data generation unit 143 performs a fast Fourier transform process on the measurement data u(t) to calculate the power spectrum density, and identifies the peak of the power spectrum density as the fundamental frequency F f The fundamental frequency F of the measured data u(t) is calculated as f The measurement data u is processed by a low-pass filter that attenuates the vibration components of the frequency above lp The second measurement data generating unit 143 generates the fundamental frequency F f The fundamental period T f Then, the measurement data u(t) is processed by moving average to obtain the measurement data u lp Alternatively, the second measurement data generating unit 143 may perform low-pass filtering to generate the measurement data u(t) with a fundamental frequency F f The measurement data u is processed by FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies above lp 32. That is, the second measured data generating unit 143 performs the process of the second measured data generating step S30 in FIG.

[0264] The observation information generating unit 144 uses the measurement data u generated by the second measurement data generating unit 143. lp Based on (t), the approach time t i and departure time t o The observation information generating unit 144 generates observation information 134 including the amplitude u a Then, using the above equation (6), the measurement data u lpNext, the observation information generating unit 144 calculates the average value of the section from time t1 to time t2, during which the amplitude of (t) is shifted. i As the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is determined by a predetermined coefficient C L and the amplitude u a The threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a The observation information generating unit 144 also calculates a first time when the advance time t o As the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a The observation information generating unit 144 also calculates a second time that is later than the first time and exceeds the passing time t s Then, the advance time t o and approach time t i Next, the observation information generating unit 144 calculates the difference between the number of railcars 6, C T As the transit time t s and the fundamental frequency F f The product of s F f Then, the observation information generating unit 144 calculates the maximum integer equal to or smaller than the number obtained by subtracting 1 from the approach time t i , entry time t o , transit time t s and number of vehicles C T 33. That is, the observation information generating unit 144 performs the process of the observation information generating step S40 in FIG.

[0265] The average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the average speed v of the railcar 6 based on the observation information 134 stored in the storage unit 13 and the environmental information 132 including the dimensions of the railcar 6 and the dimensions of the superstructure 7 that have been created in advance and stored in the storage unit 13. aSpecifically, the average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the distance D from the leading axle to the trailing axle of the railcar 6 by the above-mentioned formula (11) based on the environmental information 132. wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T In addition, the average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the length L of the superstructure 7, which is the distance from the entrance end to the exit end of the superstructure 7, based on the environmental information 132. B Then, the average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the approach time t i and departure time t o , distance D wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T ))) and the length L of the superstructure 7 B Based on this, the average speed of the railcar 6, v a That is, the average speed calculation unit 145 performs the process of the average speed calculation step S50 in Fig. 30, specifically, the processes of steps S501, S502, and S503 in Fig. 34.

[0266] The first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the deflection amount of the superstructure 7 based on the above-mentioned formula (35), the observation information 134 stored in the memory unit 13, the environmental information 132 stored in the memory unit 13, and the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 calculated by the average speed calculation unit 145. a Based on this, a first deflection amount T of the superstructure 7 due to the railway vehicle 6 is calculated. std Specifically, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 first calculates the distance C from the front axle of the railcar 6 by the above-mentioned formula (10) based on the environmental information 132. m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m Next, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the position L of the observation point R included in the environmental information 132. x and the average speed v aUsing the above equation (37), the distance between the entrance end of the superstructure 7 and the position L of the observation point R of any axle of the railway vehicle 6 is calculated. x The time it takes to reach xn In addition, the first deflection calculation unit 146 calculates the length L of the upper structure 7, which is the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7. B and the average speed v a Using the above equation (38), the time t required for any axle of the railcar 6 to pass through the superstructure 7 is calculated. ln Furthermore, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the approach time t i and distance D wa (a w (C m ,n)) and the average speed v a Using the above equation (39), the C of railway car 6 is m The time t0 (C m Next, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the approximation equation for the deflection of the upper structure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), and the time t xn and time t ln At time t0(C m , n) using the above equation (40), C m Deflection of the superstructure 7 by the n-th axle of the n-th vehicle w std (a w (C m Next, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the deflection amount w std (a w (C m ,n),t) using the above equation (42), C m Deflection of superstructure 7 by the th vehicle C std (C m , t). Then, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the deflection amount C std (C m , t) and the deflection T of the superstructure 7 due to the railway vehicle 6 is calculated using the above equation (43). std35. That is, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 performs the process of the first deflection amount calculation step S60 in FIG.

[0267] The second deflection amount calculation unit 147 calculates the deflection amount T std The second deflection, T, is the deflection obtained by filtering (t) to reduce the vibration component. std_lp For example, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147 calculates the deflection amount T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M A low-pass filter process is performed to attenuate the vibration components of the above frequencies. std (t) is processed by fast Fourier transform to obtain the fundamental frequency F M The deflection amount T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M The deflection amount T is calculated by performing low-pass filter processing to attenuate vibration components with frequencies above std_lp The second deflection amount calculation unit 147 calculates the fundamental frequency F M The fundamental period T M Deflection amount T std The deflection amount T is calculated by taking the moving average of (t). std_lp Alternatively, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147 may calculate the deflection amount T std (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F M The signal components with frequencies above 1000 Hz are attenuated by FIR filtering to obtain the deflection T std_lp 36. In other words, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147 performs the process of the second deflection amount calculation step S70 in FIG 30, specifically, the process of steps S701 and S702 in FIG 36.

[0268] The coefficient calculation unit 148 calculates the measured data u lp (t) is the deflection amount T calculated by the second deflection amount calculation unit 147. std_lp(t) to calculate the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 of the linear function. Specifically, the coefficient calculation unit 148 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 of the linear function as shown in the above equation (47) using the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection amount T std_lp The coefficient calculation unit 148 approximates the linear function of (t) and calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 using the least squares method according to the above-mentioned equations (49) and (50). That is, the coefficient calculation unit 148 performs the process of the coefficient calculation step S80 in FIG.

[0269] The third deflection amount calculation unit 149 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 calculated by the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the deflection amount T std_lp Based on (t) and the third deflection, the deflection T Estd_lp Specifically, the third deflection calculation unit 149 calculates the approach time t i Sections and entry times t o In the section after this, the primary coefficient c1 and the deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product c1T std_lp (t), and the approach time is t i and the advance time t o In the interval between std_lp The deflection T is the sum of (t) and the zero-order coefficient c0 Estd_lp That is, the third deflection amount calculation unit 149 performs the process of the third deflection amount calculation step S90 in FIG.

[0270] The offset calculation unit 150 calculates the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated by the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the deflection amount T std_lp (t) and the deflection amount T calculated by the third deflection amount calculation unit 149 Estd_lp (t) and offset T based on offset_std Specifically, the offset calculation unit 150 calculates the deflection amount T Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) and amplitude ratio R T Then, the offset calculation unit 150 calculates the amplitude ratio RT and deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product R T T std_lp (t) is replaced with the zeroth order coefficient c0 to obtain the offset T offset_std 37. That is, offset calculation section 150 performs the process of offset calculation step S100 in FIG.

[0271] The static response calculation unit 151 calculates the first coefficient c1 calculated by the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the deflection amount T calculated by the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 as in the above-mentioned equation (56). std (t) and its product c1T std (t) and the offset T calculated by the offset calculation unit 150 offset_std (t) is added to obtain the static response deflection T EOstd That is, the static response calculation unit 151 performs the process of the static response calculation step S110 in FIG.

[0272] The first dynamic response calculation unit 152 calculates the amount of deflection T as a static response calculated by the static response calculation unit 151 from the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generation unit 142, as in the above-mentioned equation (56). EOstd (t) is subtracted to obtain the natural vibration u as the first dynamic response. nv That is, the first dynamic response calculation unit 152 performs the process of the first dynamic response calculation step S120 in FIG.

[0273] The second dynamic response calculation unit 153 calculates the natural vibration u nv (t) is filtered to attenuate unwanted signals and the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is calculated. This filtering process calculates the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N, which may include low-pass filtering to correct the gain at the fundamental frequency F N For example, the second dynamic response calculation unit 153 may include a high-pass filter process for attenuating signal components having a frequency lower than the natural vibration u nv From (t), the fundamental period T N The natural frequency u nv (t) is subjected to a moving average process to reduce the vibration components, and a high-pass filter process is performed to subtract the low-frequency signal components, resulting in the natural vibration u nv_hp Furthermore, the second dynamic response calculation unit 153 calculates the natural vibration u nv_hp The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp 38. That is, the second dynamic response calculation unit 153 performs the processing of the second dynamic response calculation step S130 in FIG 30, specifically, the processing of steps S1301 and S1302 in FIG 38.

[0274] The envelope amplitude calculation unit 154 calculates the second dynamic response calculated by the second dynamic response calculation unit 153, i.e., the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope amplitude u of (t) nv_mag Specifically, the envelope amplitude calculation unit 154 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp The absolute value of (t) is low-pass filtered and multiplied by π / 2 to obtain the envelope amplitude u nv_mag That is, the envelope amplitude calculation unit 154 performs the process of the envelope amplitude calculation step S140 in FIG.

[0275] The attenuation rate calculation unit 155 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag Based on (t), the second dynamic response calculation unit 153 calculates the second dynamic response, which is the natural vibration u nv_3lpSpecifically, the damping factor calculation unit 155 calculates the damping factor ζ of the vibration component included in the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp In at least a first section T1, which is a part of the section in which the vibration component included in (t) attenuates, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) is approximated by an exponential function to calculate the exponential power coefficient q1. e0 is the time of advance t o For example, the attenuation factor calculation unit 155 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The logarithm y(t) of (t) is approximated by a linear function Q(t) and the power coefficient q1 is calculated by the above-mentioned equation (71). Then, the damping factor calculation unit 155 calculates the power coefficient q1 by the natural vibration u nv_3lp Natural frequency of (t) ω=2πF N 39. That is, the attenuation factor calculation unit 155 performs the process of the attenuation factor calculation step S150 in FIG.

[0276] The attenuation rate ζ is stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. The measurement data 135 includes, in addition to the attenuation rate ζ, the measurement data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t),T std_lp (t),T Estd_lp (t),T EOstd (t), natural vibration u nv (t),u nv_3lp (t), envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) etc. may also be included.

[0277] The measurement data output unit 156 reads out the measurement data 135 stored in the storage unit 13, and outputs the measurement data 135 to the monitoring device 3. Specifically, under the control of the measurement data output unit 156, the second communication unit 12 transmits the measurement data 135 stored in the storage unit 13 to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. That is, the measurement data output unit 156 performs the process of the measurement data output step S160 in FIG.

[0278] In this way, the measurement program 131 is a program that causes the measurement device 1, which is a computer, to execute each procedure of the flowchart shown in FIG.

[0279] As shown in FIG. 40, the monitoring device 3 includes a communication unit 31, a processor 32, a display unit 33, an operation unit 34, and a storage unit 35.

[0280] The communication unit 31 receives measurement data 135 from the measurement device 1 and outputs the received measurement data 135 to the processor 32 .

[0281] The display unit 33 displays various types of information under the control of the processor 32. The display unit 33 may be, for example, a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display. EL is an abbreviation for Electro Luminescence.

[0282] The operation unit 34 outputs operation data corresponding to an operation by a user to the processor 32. The operation unit 34 may be, for example, an input device such as a mouse, a keyboard, or a microphone.

[0283] The storage unit 35 is a memory that stores various programs, data, etc. for the processor 32 to perform calculation processing and control processing. The storage unit 35 also stores programs, data, etc. for the processor 32 to realize predetermined application functions.

[0284] The processor 32 acquires the measurement data 135 received by the communication unit 31, evaluates the change in displacement of the superstructure 7 over time based on the acquired measurement data 135, generates evaluation information, and displays the generated evaluation information on the display unit 33.

[0285] In this embodiment, the processor 32 functions as a measurement data acquiring unit 321 and a monitoring unit 322 by executing a monitoring program 351 stored in the storage unit 35. That is, the processor 32 includes the measurement data acquiring unit 321 and the monitoring unit 322.

[0286] The measurement data acquisition unit 321 acquires the measurement data 135 received by the communication unit 31, and adds the acquired measurement data 135 to the measurement data sequence 352 stored in the storage unit .

[0287] The monitoring unit 322 statistically evaluates the change over time in the amount of deflection of the superstructure 7, based on the measurement data string 352 stored in the memory unit 35. Then, the monitoring unit 322 generates evaluation information indicating the evaluation result, and displays the generated evaluation information on the display unit 33. The user can monitor the condition of the superstructure 7, based on the evaluation information displayed on the display unit 33.

[0288] The monitoring unit 322 may perform processes such as monitoring the railway vehicle 6 and determining whether there is an abnormality in the superstructure 7, based on the measurement data sequence 352 stored in the memory unit 35.

[0289] Furthermore, the processor 32 transmits information for adjusting the operating conditions of the measuring device 1 and the sensor 2 to the measuring device 1 via the communication unit 31 based on operation data output from the operation unit 34. The operating conditions of the measuring device 1 are adjusted based on the information received via the second communication unit 12. Furthermore, the measuring device 1 transmits information for adjusting the operating conditions of the sensor 2 received via the second communication unit 12 to the sensor 2 via the first communication unit 11. The operating conditions of the sensor 2 are adjusted based on the information received via the communication unit 21.

[0290] In addition, the processors 14, 23, and 32 may realize the functions of each part by individual hardware, or may realize the functions of each part by integrated hardware. For example, the processors 14, 23, and 32 include hardware, and the hardware may include at least one of a circuit for processing digital signals and a circuit for processing analog signals. The processors 14, 23, and 32 may be a CPU, a GPU, or a DSP. CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit, and DSP stands for Digital Signal Processor. In addition, the processors 14, 23, and 32 may be configured as a custom IC such as an ASIC to realize the functions of each part, or may realize the functions of each part by a CPU and an ASIC. ASIC stands for Application Specific Integrated Circuit, and IC stands for Integrated Circuit.

[0291] The storage units 13, 24, and 35 are configured by, for example, various IC memories such as ROM, flash ROM, and RAM, hard disks, memory cards, and other recording media. ROM stands for Read Only Memory, RAM stands for Random Access Memory, and IC stands for Integrated Circuit. The storage units 13, 24, and 35 include non-volatile information storage devices that are devices or media readable by a computer, and various programs, data, and the like may be stored in the information storage devices. The information storage devices may be optical disks such as DVDs and CDs, hard disk drives, or various types of memories such as card-type memories and ROMs.

[0292] Although only one sensor 2 is shown in Fig. 40, multiple sensors 2 may each generate observation data 242 and transmit it to the measurement device 1. In this case, the measurement device 1 receives the multiple observation data 242 transmitted from the multiple sensors 2, generates multiple measurement data 135, and transmits it to the monitoring device 3. In addition, the monitoring device 3 receives the multiple measurement data 135 transmitted from the measurement device 1, and monitors the states of the multiple superstructures 7 based on the received multiple measurement data 135.

[0293] 5. Effects According to the measurement method of the present embodiment described above, the measurement device 1 filters the measurement data u(t) to reduce vibration components, thereby obtaining measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection T std The deflection amount T obtained by filtering (t) to reduce the vibration component std_lp By approximating the response with a linear function of (t), the static response can be separated from the static and dynamic responses contained in the measurement data u(t) and calculated.

[0294] According to the measurement method of the present embodiment, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u lp The linear coefficient c1, which is the linear term of the linear function that approximates (t), and the deflection amount T std (t) and its product c1T std (t) corresponds to the displacement of the superstructure 7 proportional to the load of the railcar 6, and the offset T offset_std Since (t) corresponds to a displacement that is not proportional to the load of the railway vehicle 6, such as play or floating of the superstructure 7, the product c1T std (t) and offset T offset_std By adding (t) and (t), the static response can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0295] According to the measurement method of the present embodiment, the measurement device 1 detects the fundamental frequency F f The above vibration components are attenuated in the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection amount T std_lpBy approximating with a linear function of (t), the accuracy of calculating the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 of the linear function is improved, so that the static response can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0296] According to the measurement method of the present embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the offset T , which reflects the fact that in the section where the railcar 6 passes through the superstructure 7, a displacement that is not proportional to the load of the railcar 6, such as play or floating of the superstructure 7, occurs, and in the other sections, no displacement of the superstructure 7 occurs, by using the above-mentioned formula (55). offset_std Since (t) is calculated, the static response can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0297] According to the measurement method of the present embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the time t i and departure time t o Based on the number of railcars 6, C T Therefore, the number of vehicles C T It is possible to accurately calculate the static response when a railway vehicle 6 of unknown magnitude moves across the superstructure 7.

[0298] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of this embodiment, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u in which the vibration component is reduced. lp Based on (t), the entry time t i and departure time t o Since it is possible to accurately calculate the static response, it is possible to accurately calculate the static response.

[0299] According to the measurement method of the present embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T, which is a static response, with high accuracy from the measurement data u(t) using the above-mentioned equation (57). EOstd (t) is subtracted to obtain the first dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv (t) is calculated, and then filtering is performed to attenuate unnecessary signals to obtain the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0300] In particular, the measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration unv (t), the fundamental frequency F N By performing high-pass filtering to attenuate signal components with frequencies lower than u, the natural vibration u is reduced in signal components caused by low-frequency noise and environmental vibrations. nv_hp Furthermore, the measurement device 1 obtains the natural vibration u nv_hp (t), the fundamental frequency F N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N By performing low-pass filtering to correct the gain at nv_3lp Therefore, according to the measurement method of the present embodiment, the measurement device 1 can obtain the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope amplitude u of (t) nv_mag Based on (t), the damping rate of the dynamic response can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0301] According to the measurement method of the present embodiment, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u(t) based on the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2, and calculates the deflection amount T of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6 based on the measurement data u(t) and equation (35), which is an approximation equation for deflection based on a structural model reflecting the structure of the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5. std Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the measurement data u(t) and the deflection amount T std (t) and (t), the damping rate of the dynamic response when the railway vehicle 6 moves on the superstructure 7 is calculated. Therefore, according to the measurement method of this embodiment, the measurement device 1 can calculate the damping rate of the dynamic response by processing with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0302] In addition, according to the measurement method of the present embodiment, since the speed of the railway vehicle 6 actually changes slightly but hardly at all, the measurement device 1 can measure the speed of the railway vehicle 6 at a constant average speed v a If the vehicle travels at an average speed of v a Based on the deflection amount T std By calculating (t), the deflection amount T stdThe amount of calculation can be significantly reduced while maintaining the calculation accuracy of (t).

[0303] According to the measurement method of the present embodiment, the measurement device 1 directly measures the average speed v a Without measuring the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2, the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 can be calculated by a simple calculation using equation (13). a can be calculated.

[0304] 6. Variations The present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention.

[0305] In each of the above embodiments, the sensor 2, which is the observation device, is an acceleration sensor that outputs acceleration data a(k), but the observation device is not limited to an acceleration sensor. For example, the observation device may be an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a load cell, or a displacement gauge.

[0306] The impact sensor detects impact acceleration as a response to an action on each axle of the railway vehicle 6 at observation point R. The pressure sensor, strain gauge, and load cell detect stress changes as a response to an action on each axle of the railway vehicle 6 at observation point R. The image measuring device uses image processing to detect displacement as a response to an action on each axle of the railway vehicle 6 at observation point R. The displacement gauge is, for example, a contact type displacement gauge, a ring type displacement gauge, a laser displacement gauge, a pressure sensor, or a displacement measuring device using optical fiber, and detects displacement as a response to an action on each axle of the railway vehicle 6 at observation point R.

[0307] As an example, FIG. 41 shows a configuration example of the measurement system 10 using a ring-type displacement meter as the observation device. FIG. 42 shows a configuration example of the measurement system 10 using an image measuring device as the observation device. In FIG. 41 and FIG. 42, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted. In the measurement system 10 shown in FIG. 41, a piano wire 41 is fixed between the upper surface of the ring-type displacement meter 40 and the lower surface of the main girder G directly above it, and the ring-type displacement meter 40 measures the displacement of the piano wire 41 due to the deflection of the superstructure 7 and transmits the measured displacement data to the measurement device 1. The measurement device 1 generates measurement data 135 based on the displacement data transmitted from the ring-type displacement meter 40. In the measurement system 10 shown in FIG. 42, a camera 50 transmits an image of a target 51 provided on the side of the main girder G to the measurement device 1. The measuring device 1 processes the image transmitted from the camera 50, calculates the displacement of the target 51 due to the deflection of the upper structure 7 to generate displacement data, and generates the measurement data 135 based on the generated displacement data. In the example of Fig. 42, the measuring device 1 generates the displacement data as an image measuring device, but an image measuring device (not shown) different from the measuring device 1 may generate the displacement data by image processing.

[0308] In addition, in each of the above embodiments, the bridge 5 is a railway bridge, and the moving body moving on the bridge 5 is a railway vehicle 6, but the bridge 5 may be a road bridge, and the moving body moving on the bridge 5 may be a vehicle such as an automobile, a tram, a truck, or a construction vehicle. FIG. 43 shows a configuration example of the measurement system 10 when the bridge 5 is a road bridge and a vehicle 6a moves on the bridge 5. In FIG. 43, the same components as in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals. As shown in FIG. 43, the bridge 5, which is a road bridge, is composed of a superstructure 7 and a substructure 8, similar to a railway bridge. FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view of the superstructure 7 cut along the line AA in FIG. 43. As shown in FIGS. 43 and 44, the superstructure 7 includes a bridge deck 7a composed of a deck plate F, a main girder G, a cross girder (not shown), and a support 7b. As shown in FIG. 43, the substructure 8 includes a pier 8a and an abutment 8b. The superstructure 7 is a structure that spans either one of adjacent abutments 8b and piers 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. Both ends of the superstructure 7 are located at the positions of adjacent abutments 8b and piers 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. The bridge 5 is, for example, a steel bridge, a girder bridge, an RC bridge, or the like.

[0309] Each sensor 2 is installed in the longitudinal center of the superstructure 7, specifically, in the longitudinal center of the main girder G. However, as long as each sensor 2 is capable of detecting acceleration for calculating the displacement of the superstructure 7, its installation position is not limited to the central part of the superstructure 7. If each sensor 2 is installed on the deck F of the superstructure 7, there is a risk that it will be destroyed by the running vehicle 6a, and there is also a risk that the measurement accuracy will be affected by local deformation of the bridge deck 7a. Therefore, in the examples of Figures 43 and 44, each sensor 2 is installed on the main girder G of the superstructure 7.

[0310] As shown in FIG. 44, the superstructure 7 has two lanes L1, L2 and three main girders G on which the vehicle 6a, which is a moving body, can move. In the example of FIG. 43 and FIG. 44, a sensor 2 is provided on each of the two main girders at both ends in the center of the longitudinal direction of the superstructure 7, and an observation point R1 is provided at a position on the surface of the lane L1 vertically above one of the sensors 2, and an observation point R2 is provided at a position on the surface of the lane L2 vertically above the other sensor 2. That is, the two sensors 2 are observation devices that observe the observation points R1, R2, respectively. The two sensors 2 that observe the observation points R1, R2, respectively, may be provided at positions that can detect the acceleration generated at the observation points R1, R2 due to the running of the vehicle 6a, but are preferably provided at positions close to the observation points R1, R2. The number and installation positions of the sensors 2 and the number of lanes are not limited to the examples shown in FIG. 43 and FIG. 44, and various modifications are possible.

[0311] The measuring device 1 calculates the displacement of the flexure of the lanes L1, L2 caused by the travel of the vehicle 6a based on the acceleration data output from each sensor 2, and transmits information on the displacement of the lanes L1, L2 to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. The monitoring device 3 stores the information in a storage device (not shown), and may perform processing such as monitoring the vehicle 6a and determining abnormalities in the superstructure 7 based on the information, for example.

[0312] Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, the sensors 2 are provided on the main girders G of the superstructure 7, but they may also be provided on the surface or interior of the superstructure 7, on the underside of the deck F, on the piers 8a, etc. Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, the superstructure of a bridge is given as an example of a structure, but this is not limiting, and the structure may be any structure that deforms due to the movement of a moving object.

[0313] In each of the above embodiments, the measurement device 1 determines the approach time t i is calculated based on the observation data output from another observation device observing the approach end of the upper structure 7. iSimilarly, in each of the above embodiments, the measurement device 1 may calculate the departure time t o is calculated based on the observation data output from another observation device that observes the advancing end of the upper structure 7. o may be calculated.

[0314] The above-described embodiment and modifications are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to these. For example, the embodiments and modifications can be appropriately combined.

[0315] The present invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as the configurations described in the embodiments, for example, configurations with the same functions, methods, and results, or configurations with the same purpose and effects. The present invention also includes configurations in which non-essential parts of the configurations described in the embodiments are replaced. The present invention also includes configurations that achieve the same effects as the configurations described in the embodiments, or configurations that can achieve the same purpose. The present invention also includes configurations in which publicly known technology is added to the configurations described in the embodiments.

[0316] The following can be derived from the above-described embodiment and modifications.

[0317] One aspect of the measurement method is a first measurement data generation step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation step of calculating a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation step of calculating a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation step of calculating an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; a damping factor calculation step of calculating a damping factor of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude; Includes.

[0318] According to this measurement method, the second measurement data, which is the first measurement data filtered to reduce the vibration component, is approximated by a linear function of the second deflection amount, which is the first deflection amount filtered to reduce the vibration component, thereby making it possible to separate and calculate the static response from the static response and dynamic response contained in the first measurement data.

[0319] Furthermore, according to this measurement method, the product of the first deflection amount and the linear coefficient, which is the linear term of a linear function approximating the first deflection amount, corresponds to a displacement of the structure that is proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset corresponds to a displacement that is not proportional to the load of the moving body, such as play or floating of the structure, so that the static response can be calculated with high accuracy by adding the product of the linear coefficient and the first deflection amount and the offset.

[0320] Furthermore, according to this measurement method, the static response calculated with high accuracy is subtracted from the first measurement data, and a filter process is performed to attenuate unnecessary signals, thereby enabling the second dynamic response to be calculated with high accuracy. Therefore, according to this measurement method, the damping rate of the dynamic response can be calculated with high accuracy based on the envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response calculated with high accuracy.

[0321] In addition, in this measurement method, the damping rate of the dynamic response when the moving body moves the structure is calculated by a relatively simple process using the first measurement data generated based on the observation data and the first deflection amount generated based on the approximation equation of the deflection of the structure. Therefore, according to this measurement method, the damping rate of the dynamic response can be calculated by a process with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0322] Furthermore, according to this measurement method, since the speed of the moving body actually changes slightly but hardly at all, by assuming that the moving body moves at a constant average speed and calculating the first deflection amount based on the average speed, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of calculation while maintaining the calculation accuracy of the first deflection amount.

[0323] In one embodiment of the measurement method, In the attenuation rate calculation step, The envelope amplitude may be approximated by an exponential function in at least a first section in which the vibration component included in the second dynamic response decays, a coefficient of a power of the exponential function may be calculated, and the decay rate may be calculated by dividing the coefficient of the power by a natural frequency of the second dynamic response.

[0324] In one embodiment of the measurement method, the exit time is a time when a rearmost part of the plurality of parts of the moving body passes through an exit end of the structure, The start time of the first section may be after the departure time.

[0325] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The filtering process for attenuating unwanted signals from the first dynamic response may include low-pass filtering that attenuates harmonic components of a vibration component of a fundamental frequency contained in the first dynamic response and corrects gain at the fundamental frequency.

[0326] According to this measurement method, the envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response is obtained in which the harmonic components are reduced and the fundamental frequency signal components are emphasized, so that the damping rate of the dynamic response can be calculated with high accuracy based on the envelope amplitude.

[0327] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The filtering to attenuate unwanted signals from the first dynamic response may include high pass filtering to attenuate signal components at frequencies lower than the fundamental frequency.

[0328] According to this measurement method, the envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response is obtained in which harmonic components as well as signal components caused by low-frequency noise, environmental vibrations, etc. are reduced and the fundamental frequency signal component is emphasized, so that the damping rate of the dynamic response can be calculated with high accuracy based on the envelope amplitude.

[0329] In one embodiment of the measurement method, In the envelope amplitude calculation step, The absolute value of the second dynamic response may be low pass filtered and multiplied by π / 2 to calculate the envelope amplitude.

[0330] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The structure may be a bridge superstructure.

[0331] According to this measurement method, it is possible to calculate the damping rate of the vibration component contained in the dynamic response when a moving object moves over the superstructure of a bridge with a processing amount that is relatively small.

[0332] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The moving object is a vehicle or a railroad car, Each of the plurality of parts may be an axle or a wheel.

[0333] According to this measurement method, it is possible to calculate the damping rate of a vibration component contained in a dynamic response when a vehicle or railcar moves over a structure, using processing with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0334] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The approximation equation for the deflection of the structure may be an equation based on a structural model of the structure.

[0335] According to this measurement method, it is possible to calculate the first deflection amount that reflects the structure of the structure through which the moving body moves, and to accurately calculate the damping rate of the vibration component included in the dynamic response.

[0336] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The structural model may be a simple beam supported at both ends.

[0337] According to this measurement method, it is possible to accurately calculate the damping rate of the vibration component contained in the dynamic response when a moving body moves through a structure having a structure similar to that of a simple beam.

[0338] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The observation device may be an acceleration sensor, an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a load cell, or a displacement gauge.

[0339] According to this measurement method, the damping rate of the vibration component contained in the dynamic response can be measured with high accuracy using data on acceleration, stress change, or displacement.

[0340] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The structure may be a structure in which a bridge weigh in motion (BWIM) function is performed.

[0341] One aspect of the measurement device is a first measurement data generation unit that generates first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating unit that generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating unit that generates observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation unit that calculates an average speed of the moving object based on the observation information and environmental information that includes dimensions of the moving object and dimensions of the structure that have been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation unit that approximates the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculates a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation unit that calculates an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation unit that calculates a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation unit that calculates a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation unit that calculates a second dynamic response by performing a filter process to attenuate unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation unit that calculates an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; a damping rate calculation unit that calculates a damping rate of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude; Includes.

[0342] According to this measuring device, the second measurement data, which is the first measurement data filtered to reduce the vibration component, is approximated by a linear function of the second deflection amount, which is the first deflection amount filtered to reduce the vibration component, thereby making it possible to separate and calculate the static response from the static response and dynamic response contained in the first measurement data.

[0343] Furthermore, according to this measuring device, the product of the first deflection amount and the linear coefficient, which is the linear term of a linear function approximating the first deflection amount, corresponds to a displacement of the structure that is proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset corresponds to a displacement that is not proportional to the load of the moving body, such as play or floating of the structure, so that the static response can be calculated with high accuracy by adding the product of the linear coefficient and the first deflection amount and the offset.

[0344] Furthermore, this measurement device can accurately calculate the second dynamic response by subtracting the accurately calculated static response from the first measurement data and performing a filter process to attenuate unnecessary signals. Therefore, this measurement device can accurately calculate the attenuation rate of the dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude of the accurately calculated second dynamic response.

[0345] In addition, in this measurement device, the damping rate of the dynamic response when the moving body moves the structure is calculated by a relatively simple process using the first measurement data generated based on the observation data and the first deflection amount generated based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure. Therefore, according to this measurement device, the damping rate of the dynamic response can be calculated by a process with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0346] Furthermore, with this measuring device, since in reality the speed of the moving body changes very little, but not much, it is possible to calculate the first deflection amount based on the average speed by assuming that the moving body moves at a constant average speed, thereby making it possible to significantly reduce the amount of calculation while maintaining the calculation accuracy of the first deflection amount.

[0347] One aspect of the measurement system is An embodiment of the measuring device; The observation device; Equipped with.

[0348] One aspect of the measurement program is a first measurement data generation step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation step of calculating a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation step of calculating a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation step of calculating an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; and calculating a damping rate of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude.

[0349] According to this measurement program, the second measurement data, which is the first measurement data filtered to reduce vibration components, is approximated by a linear function of the second deflection amount, which is the first deflection amount filtered to reduce vibration components, thereby making it possible to separate and calculate the static response from the static response and dynamic response contained in the first measurement data.

[0350] Furthermore, according to this measurement program, the product of the first deflection amount and the linear coefficient, which is the linear term of a linear function approximating the first deflection amount, corresponds to a displacement of the structure that is proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset corresponds to a displacement that is not proportional to the load of the moving body, such as play or floating of the structure, so that the static response can be calculated with high accuracy by adding the product of the linear coefficient and the first deflection amount and the offset.

[0351] Furthermore, according to this measurement program, the first dynamic response can be calculated with high accuracy by subtracting the static response calculated with high accuracy from the first measurement data.

[0352] Furthermore, according to this measurement program, the static response calculated with high accuracy is subtracted from the first measurement data, and further, a filter process is performed to attenuate unnecessary signals, thereby enabling the second dynamic response to be calculated with high accuracy. Therefore, according to this measurement program, the attenuation rate of the dynamic response can be calculated with high accuracy based on the envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response calculated with high accuracy.

[0353] In addition, in this measurement program, the damping rate of the dynamic response when the moving body moves the structure is calculated by a relatively simple process using the first measurement data generated based on the observation data and the first deflection amount generated based on the approximation equation of the deflection of the structure. Therefore, according to this measurement program, the damping rate of the dynamic response can be calculated by a process with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0354] Furthermore, according to this measurement program, since in reality the speed of the moving body changes very little, but not much, it is assumed that the moving body moves at a constant average speed, and the first deflection amount is calculated based on the average speed, thereby making it possible to significantly reduce the amount of calculation while maintaining the calculation accuracy of the first deflection amount. [Explanation of symbols]

[0355] 1...measuring device, 2...sensor, 3...monitoring device, 4...communication network, 5...bridge, 6...railroad vehicle, 6a...vehicle, 7...superstructure, 7a...bridge deck, 7b...bearing, 7c...rail, 7d...sleeper, 7e...ballast, F...floor plate, G...main girder, 8...substructure, 8a...pier, 8b...abutment, 10...measuring system, 11...first communication unit, 12...second communication unit, 13...memory unit, 14...processor, 21...communication unit, 22...accelerometer, 23...processor, 24...memory unit, 31...communication unit, 32...processor, 33...display unit, 34...operation unit, 35...memory unit, 40...ring-type displacement meter, 41...piano wire, 50...camera, 51...target, 131...measurement program, 132...environmental information, 133...observation Measurement data, 134...observation information, 135...measurement data, 141...observation data acquisition unit, 142...first measurement data generation unit, 143...second measurement data generation unit, 144...observation information generation unit, 145...average velocity calculation unit, 146...first deflection amount calculation unit, 147...second deflection amount calculation unit, 148...coefficient calculation unit, 149...third deflection amount calculation unit, 150...offset calculation unit, 151...static response calculation unit, 152...first dynamic response calculation unit, 153...second dynamic response calculation unit, 154...envelope amplitude calculation unit, 155...damping rate calculation unit, 156...measurement data output unit, 241...observation program, 242...observation data, 321...measurement data acquisition unit, 322...monitoring unit, 351...monitoring program, 352...measurement data string

Claims

1. a first measurement data generating step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body moving the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first-order coefficient, the zeroth-order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation step of calculating a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation step of calculating a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation step of calculating an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; a damping factor calculation step of calculating a damping factor of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude; Measurement methods, including

2. In claim 1, In the attenuation rate calculation step, A measurement method comprising: approximating the envelope amplitude with an exponential function in at least a first section in which the vibration component included in the second dynamic response decays, calculating a power coefficient of the exponential function, and dividing the power coefficient by a natural frequency of the second dynamic response to calculate the decay rate.

3. In claim 2, the advancing time is a time when a rearmost part of the plurality of parts of the moving body passes through an advancing end of the structure, A measurement method, wherein a start time of the first section is after the departure time.

4. In any one of claims 1 to 3, A measurement method, wherein the filtering process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response includes low-pass filtering process for attenuating harmonic components of a vibration component of a fundamental frequency included in the first dynamic response and for compensating for a gain at the fundamental frequency.

5. In claim 4, The measurement method, wherein the filtering process for attenuating unwanted signals from the first dynamic response includes high-pass filtering process for attenuating signal components at frequencies lower than the fundamental frequency.

6. In any one of claims 1 to 5, In the envelope amplitude calculation step, The method of claim 1, further comprising low pass filtering the absolute value of the second dynamic response and multiplying the absolute value by π / 2 to calculate the envelope amplitude.

7. In any one of claims 1 to 6, The measurement method, wherein the structure is a superstructure of a bridge.

8. In any one of claims 1 to 7, The moving object is a vehicle or a railroad car, A measurement method in which each of the multiple parts is an axle or a wheel.

9. In any one of claims 1 to 8, A measurement method, wherein the approximation equation for the deflection of the structure is an equation based on a structural model of the structure.

10. In claim 9, A measurement method, wherein the structural model is a simple beam supported at both ends.

11. In any one of claims 1 to 10, The measurement method, wherein the observation device is an acceleration sensor, an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a load cell, or a displacement gauge.

12. In any one of claims 1 to 11, A measurement method, wherein the structure is a structure in which BWIM (Bridge Weigh in Motion) functions.

13. a first measurement data generating unit that generates first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating unit that generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating unit that generates observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation unit that calculates an average speed of the moving object based on the observation information and environmental information that includes dimensions of the moving object and dimensions of the structure that have been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation unit that approximates the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculates a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation unit that calculates an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation unit that calculates a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation unit that calculates a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation unit that calculates a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation unit that calculates an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; a damping factor calculation unit that calculates a damping factor of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude; 4. A measuring device comprising:

14. The measurement device according to claim 13 ; The observation device; A measurement system equipped with

15. a first measurement data generating step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body moving the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first-order coefficient, the zeroth-order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a first dynamic response calculation step of calculating a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation step of calculating a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; an envelope amplitude calculation step of calculating an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; a damping rate calculation step of calculating a damping rate of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude.

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