Electromagnetic interference protection for radomes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cover (1, 101, 301) for at least one antenna (11, 111) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, the cover (1, 101, 301) comprising at least one first surface facing the antenna (11, 111) and at least one second surface facing away from the antenna (11, 111), the cover (1, 101, 301) comprising at least one substrate (3, 103) that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation and at least one first coating (7, 107) covering the substrate (3, 103) in at least one first region (19, 119), the first coating (7, 107) being transparent to electromagnetic radiation in at least the first frequency band, while the first coating (7, 107) is reflective to electromagnetic radiation impinging on the second surface and having a frequency within at least one second frequency band.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention is directed to a cover for at least one antenna emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, the cover including at least one first surface facing the antenna and at least one second surface facing away from the antenna, the cover including at least one substrate that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation and at least one first coating covering the substrate in at least one first region, the first coating being transparent to electromagnetic radiation in at least the first frequency band. [Background technology]

[0002] Such covers, called radomes in the case where an antenna is used to emit or receive radar waves, are generally known from the prior art. For example, US Patent No. 6,518,936 (B1) discloses a precision edged radome. It is proposed that the radome comprises a patterned copper film that acts as a frequency selective surface.

[0003] Such radomes are being used more and more in the automotive industry. With an increasing number of driver assistance systems there is the development of electromagnetic emitting and / or receiving devices in the vehicle driven by improved safety and vehicle autonomy requirements. Very frequently used sensors are radar systems using frequencies of 24 GHz or 77 GHz that are installed at the front of the vehicle. These systems are used for the control of various driver assistance systems such as autonomous driving control.

[0004] In order not to adversely affect the appearance of the vehicle, the antennas of such systems are preferably installed behind vehicle components in the front area of ​​the motor vehicle, in particular in the area of ​​the vehicle emblem showing the name of the manufacturer or its trademark.

[0005] With this location, on the one hand the appearance of the antenna is enhanced and on the other hand a good protection of the antenna is possible. Thus, the radomes used on vehicles must meet the technical needs previously explained, but on the other hand they must give an aesthetic appearance. The latter makes it necessary that the covers require a metallic finish or metallic graphics to show the respective emblem. This creates problems, however, because the metal finish required for appearance and visual effect attenuates the radar and prevents its proper functioning.

[0006] In particular, unobstructed transmission of individual electromagnetic wavelength signal bandwidths is important for devices equipped with driver assistance systems as previously described, as the driver assistance system gathers information from the surrounding environment. Usually in such systems, the radar unit is a 2-in-1 device, typically having both a transmitter and a receiver in the same element. Such systems may be installed in the bumper area of ​​the automobile, but in most cases where the radar unit is used to control emergency brake assist (EBA) and adaptive cruise control (ACC), it is preferred that the system is located behind the manufacturer's emblem, which acts as a radome.

[0007] In the past, it has been proposed to use materials such as indium, tin, or metalloids, sometimes deposited using physical vapor deposition, to make them less susceptible to radar, but these materials and methods did not provide the desired appearance and could not avoid adverse effects on radar antennas. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] It is therefore an object of the present invention to further develop the known covers in order to overcome the drawbacks known in the prior art, and in particular to provide a cover which, on the one hand, does not adversely affect the functionality of the antenna and, on the other hand, provides an aesthetic appearance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] This object is achieved according to the claimed invention in that the first coating is reflective to electromagnetic radiation impinging onto the second surface and having a frequency within at least a second frequency band.

[0010] It is particularly preferred that the antenna is a radar antenna and / or that the first frequency band is radar frequencies, in particular from 10 GHz to 130 GHz, preferably from 20 GHz to 100 GHz, more preferably from 20 GHz to 30 GHz, 70 GHz to 80 GHz and / or 90 GHz to 100 GHz, most preferably 24 GHz, 77 GHz or 93 GHz.

[0011] With regard to the previously described embodiments, the invention proposes that the substrate is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in a first frequency band and / or in at least one third frequency band, preferably the second frequency band being at least partially identical to the third frequency band.

[0012] It is also preferred that the first coating is disposed between the substrate and the antenna and / or on the side of the first surface of the substrate. It is further proposed that the first coating is applied on the side of the second surface of the substrate.

[0013] In the previously described embodiments, at least one stress control layer is preferably provided between the substrate and the first coating. The cover of the present invention may be characterized by at least one second coating, preferably at least partially located between the substrate and / or the first coating, on the one hand, and the antenna, on the other hand, which second coating is at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in at least one fourth frequency band, preferably in the second and / or third frequency band, and / or is transparent in the first frequency band.

[0014] The cover may also be characterized by at least one masking layer at least partially covering the first coating and / or the substrate, the making layer being at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in at least one fifth frequency band, preferably the second frequency band, the third frequency band and / or the fourth frequency band, and / or being transmissive in the first frequency band.

[0015] Advantageous embodiments of the cover may be characterized in that the second frequency band, the third frequency band and / or the fourth frequency band include 384 THz to 789 THz and / or visible light.

[0016] In the previously described embodiments, it is particularly preferred that the second frequency band, the fourth frequency band and / or the fifth frequency band cover the range from 384 THz to 789 THz and / or that the third frequency band covers only a part of the range from 384 THz to 789 THz.

[0017] The invention further proposes that at least one cover layer is applied to a side of the first coating that is applied away from the substrate, the cover layer being transparent, at least semi-transparent, to the second, third, fourth and / or fifth frequency bands.

[0018] It is further proposed that the substrate at least in part comprises at least one thermoplastic material, preferably polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile ethylene styrene, polyacrylate and / or mixtures thereof.

[0019] With respect to the cover of the present invention, it is preferred that the first coating comprises at least one metallic material, preferably chromium, aluminum, silver, zinc, copper, nickel, vanadium, titanium, zirconium, niobium, gold, rhodium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, tantalum, silver and / or mixtures thereof.

[0020] Further advantageous embodiments may be characterized in that the first coating operates as a frequency selective surface bandpass filter and / or comprises at least one repeating pattern, the pattern preferably comprising in particular a plurality of elements formed as a cross, a circle, a square, a star, a rectangle, a line, a hexagon, an ellipse, a polygon, an annulus, a semicircle, a sector of a circle, a triquetra, a crescent, an arbelos, a spiral, a lemniscate, a triangle and / or an oval shape.

[0021] In the previously described embodiments, the elements are preferably formed by openings and / or gaps within the first coating, in particular separated from one another. It is also proposed that the elements are formed by areas of the first coating which are in particular separated from one another and / or not interconnected.

[0022] It is also proposed that the second coating and / or mask layer comprises at least one thermoplastic material, preferably polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile ethylene styrene (AES) and / or polycarbonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PCABS).

[0023] The present invention may be further characterized in that the first coating, when viewed on the second surface of the cover, exhibits at least one logo, letter, number, graphic mark, trademark, ornamental design and / or ornamental pattern.

[0024] Alternatively, the masking layer may be designed to cover the first coating such that when viewed on the second surface, only at least a first area of ​​the first coating is visible, the first area having the shape of at least one logo, letter, number, graphic mark, trademark, ornamental design and / or decorative pattern, and the first area being adjacent to or formed by a substrate from which it is at least partially separated.

[0025] The cover of the present invention may be characterized by at least one third coating disposed on the first surface, in particular between the substrate and the first coating, the third coating being in particular electrically insulating.

[0026] Additionally or alternatively, the cover may be characterized by at least one fourth coating, preferably disposed on and / or on the side of the second surface of the substrate between the substrate and the first coating and / or cover layer, and / or disposed on the side of the first coating and / or on a cover layer facing away from the substrate, the fourth coating in particular forming a thermal hardcoat, optionally comprising light scattering particles.

[0027] It is further preferred that the first coating is more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, more preferably more than 85%, much more preferably more than 90% and most preferably more than 95% reflective, and / or that the first coating has at least one edge that is at least partially curved, and / or that the first coating comprises at least one resistive load, particularly in the region of the edge.

[0028] The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a cover for at least one antenna emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, in particular a cover as described in the invention, the method comprising the steps of providing and / or manufacturing at least one substrate and covering the substrate with at least one first coating, the first coating forming a frequency selective surface bandpass filter that is transparent to radiation having frequencies in the first frequency band, further wherein as the first coating a material is used that has high reflectivity for frequencies in a second frequency band.

[0029] The invention further proposes a method characterized by a step of covering the substrate with at least one masking layer that is non-transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the second frequency band, preferably the substrate is covered with a masking layer before the step of covering the substrate with the first coating, in particular the first coating being at least partially disposed on the masking layer.

[0030] It is also preferred that the frequency selective surface bandpass filter is manufactured by a step of structuring the first coating after deposition of the first coating on the substrate, preferably by laser etching.

[0031] The method may be characterized in that the structure comprises a step of forming a plurality of elements forming a pattern, the elements in particular comprising openings and / or gaps, preferably separated from one another, within the first coating, and / or comprising regions of the first coating, preferably separated from one another, in particular separated by gaps and / or openings.

[0032] The method of the invention may also be characterized in that the first coating is produced by sputtering, in particular by PVD magnetron sputtering deposition. It is further proposed that the method further comprises the step of forming at least one first fourth coating, preferably forming at least one hard coat, and / or at least one stress control layer, at least partially located between the substrate and the first coating.

[0033] Finally, it is preferred that the method further comprises the step of forming at least one second fourth coating, at least part of which is applied on the side of the first coating facing away from the substrate, forming at least one hard coat, and / or at least one cover layer, which is in particular transparent, at least semi-transparent, to visible light and / or to electromagnetic radiation, at least part of which is in the frequency band from 384 THz to 789 THz inclusive.

[0034] Thus, the invention is based on the surprising discovery that by using a material that has a very high reflectivity for visible light, such as aluminum or chrome, the aesthetic appearance of the cover can be enhanced without adversely affecting the functionality of the antenna covered by the cover, in which the first coating is simultaneously formed as a frequency selective surface bandpass filter, allowing unaffected transmission of the electromagnetic radiation emitted and received by the antenna.

[0035] By providing a patterned metallic coating, it is possible to provide highly reflective areas on the surface of the cover, which gives the observer the impression of a closed reflective surface and makes it possible to present the desired logo or emblem. On the other hand, the pattern is designed such that it acts as a pass filter for electromagnetic radiation in a first frequency band, such as 27 or 77 GHz, allowing the antenna to function without any adverse effects.

[0036] The frequency selective surface may be formed by a pattern using periodically repeating elements. The pattern may be formed, for example, by forming openings in a metallic coating that are generally closed by etching. In other words, the openings in the metallic regions form the elements, and the metallic regions remain at least partially connected to each other.

[0037] In an alternative embodiment, the pattern is formed by creating gaps between the metallic regions so that a pattern of metallic "islands" is formed, preferably the metallic regions form elements that are not particularly connected to each other. Typically, these elements have a size smaller than 50 μm to ensure that they are not easily visible by the observer. Furthermore, it is possible to change the pattern from a completely periodic pattern to areas where corrections to shaping and dimensioning as well as occasional decorative elements are provided to allow geometric effects on the three-dimensional surface.

[0038] The first coating is preferably deposited on a substrate such as a plastic or polycarbonate substrate. The deposition may be carried out by a sputtering process such as PVD magnetron sputtering to deposit a conductive aluminum or chromium coating on the substrate. After the deposition of the first coating, structures are formed inside the coating, in particular the use of a CNC femtosecond laser allows the laser etching of a pattern into the first coating. This makes it possible to provide a first coating with the qualities or properties of a bandpass filter. It is possible for the first coating to cover only a part of the substrate in order to form the structure of the respective logo or emblem. With a second coating placed on the first coating on the side opposite the substrate, it may be achieved that the antenna is not visible to the inspector. For this reason, the second coating may be produced by a second moulding, not transparent to visible light, made of polycarbonate, ABS, AES or PCABS. The second coating may be used in particular to encapsulate the back side of the cover and therefore to protect the first coating from outside influences.

[0039] In an alternative embodiment, the first coating can present a closed surface over a large area, independent of the logo or emblem ultimately desired. In particular, the first coating can cover the entire substrate. A masking layer can then be deposited on the substrate to create the appearance of logos and emblems before depositing the first coating on the substrate. The masking layer is used to demarcate areas that should not be reflective in the final cover, so that only the remaining parts of the first coating can create a reflective appearance.

[0040] This second embodiment has the advantage that there are no boundary conditions at the edge of the first coating. However, such effects may be reduced in the first embodiment by forming the first coating such that edge diffraction is reduced. Any radiative surface waves generated at the boundary of the first coating can be reduced by forming at least a curved outer edge or by adding a small resistive load to a single element of the structure of the first coating. Furthermore, the surface area of ​​the boundary region is a very small percentage of the total field of view of the antenna. Thus, the effects imposed by the finite surface boundary conditions are surprisingly almost negligible, so that the performance of the antenna is not significantly adversely affected.

[0041] An example of a structure used in the first coating would be unidirectional straight lines with a width of 500 μm and 10 μm gaps between them. Alternatively, 328 μm wide straight lines with 6.5 μm gaps may be used. It is also possible to use 200 μm wide straight lines with 5 μm gaps between them, or bidirectional straight lines with 500 μm metal segments with 10 μm gaps between them, i.e. a grid pattern.

[0042] To further increase the efficiency of the cover, an insulating coating may be deposited between the first coating, the masking layer and / or the second coating. On the side of the substrate opposite the first coating, a fourth coating in the form of a thermal hard coat may be provided to protect the cover against external influences.

[0043] Further advantages of the present invention are explained in the following description of preferred embodiments with the aid of the following figures. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0044] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cover of the present invention according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 2]FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the cover of the present invention. [Figure 3a] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a first set of exemplary elements in a pattern for providing a frequency selective surface bandpass filter. [Figure 3b] FIG. 11 is a diagram of a further second set of exemplary elements of the pattern. [Figure 3c] FIG. 11 is a diagram of a further third set of exemplary elements of the pattern. [Figure 3d] FIG. 11 is a diagram of a fourth set of exemplary elements of the pattern. [Figure 3e] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an exemplary first pattern for providing a frequency selective surface bandpass filter. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a cover according to the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the cover of the present invention. [Figure 6a] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an exemplary second pattern for providing a frequency selective surface bandpass filter. [Figure 6b] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an exemplary third pattern for providing a frequency selective surface bandpass filter. [Figure 6c] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an exemplary fourth pattern for providing a frequency selective surface bandpass filter. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 shows the correlation between the size of elements within a pattern and attenuation for electromagnetic correlation from 76 to 77 GHz. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0045] FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a cover 1 according to the present invention. The cover 1 includes a substrate 3, which may, for example, comprise molded transparent polycarbonate. The side of the first surface 5 of the substrate 3 is provided with a first coating 7 in the form of a metallic coating forming a reflective pattern. The side of the first coating 7 facing away from the substrate 3 is provided with a second coating 9, preferably comprising a molded dark polycarbonate material. The cover 1 covers an antenna in the form of a radar unit 11. In a first embodiment, between the first coating 7 and the substrate 3, a third coating 13 in the form of an insulating coating is provided. Finally, the side of the substrate 3 facing away from the first coating 7 and the third coating 13 is provided with a fourth coating in the form of a thermal hard coat 15.

[0046] The cover 1 may be produced by first preparing a substrate 3, then depositing a third coating 13, for example by PVD magnetron sputtering, onto the substrate 3 before depositing a first coating 7. The first coating 7 comprises a highly reflective metallic material such as chromium or aluminium. Before the second coating 9 is deposited on the first coating 7, the first coating 7 is structured, for example by a CNC femtosecond laser. The laser allows to laser etch into the first coating 7 a pattern forming a frequency selective surface bandpass filter. The structure is explained in more detail later with the help of figures 3a to 3e.

[0047] This enables the first coating 7 to be transparent to electromagnetic radiation of a first frequency band, in particular to electromagnetic radiation emitted by the radar unit 11. However, the first coating 7 is highly reflective to electromagnetic radiation of a second frequency band, in particular to visible electromagnetic radiation that impinges on the first coating.

[0048] Using a substrate 3 that is transparent to radiation in the first frequency band as well as radiation in the second frequency band, in particular visible light, as well as electromagnetic radiation generated by the radar unit 11, allows the cover 1 to not only not adversely affect the functionality of the radar unit 11, but also to give the cover 1 an aesthetic visual appearance.

[0049] To this end, the second coating 9 is transparent to radiation in a first frequency band, so that the radiation of the radar unit 11 can pass through, but is not transparent to radiation in a third frequency band, in other words preferably identical to the second frequency band, so that radiation within the visible wavelengths is blocked. Thus, a person 16 looking at the cover from a certain direction 17 sees areas 19 that are highly reflective and areas 21 that are more or less black, shielding the radar unit 11 from any visible light, so that the user 16 cannot see the radar unit 11, but only sees the structure or logo provided by the first coating 7. In particular, areas 21 appear black, whereas areas 19 have a shiny appearance.

[0050] In figure 2 a second embodiment of the claimed cover 100 is shown. Elements of cover 100 having the same function as the respective elements of cover 1 have the same reference numbers but are 100 larger. In comparison with cover 1, in cover 101 the first coating 107 is not only not limited to the respective area but also covers substantially the entire substrate 103.

[0051] To create the desired logo or emblem appearance, an additional masking layer 123 is used. The masking layer 123 is provided between the substrate 103 and the first coating 107. The masking layer 123, like the second coating 9 or 109, is opaque to radiation in the fifth frequency band, particularly the second frequency band, but is transparent to radiation in the first frequency band. In this way, the masking layer 123 presents a black area to a user 16 viewing the cover 101 from the direction 117.

[0052] Thus, similar to cover 1, areas 119 appear shiny while areas 121 appear as black to user 116. Again, masking layer 123 is selected such that it is transparent to the electromagnetic radiation provided by radar unit 111 while being opaque to all electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum.

[0053] Another second coating 109 may be used since all light impinging on the substrate 103 is reflected or blocked by the coating 107 and the masking layer 123, respectively. The second coating 109 may be omitted entirely, or may provide protection to the coating 107 without having to be opaque to radiation in the visible range, so long as it is transparent to radiation in the first frequency band used by the radar unit 11.

[0054] As explained before, the first coating 7, 107 forms a frequency selective surface bandpass filter. Such a filter is a thin repeating surface designed to reflect, transmit or absorb an electromagnetic field based on the different frequencies of the electromagnetic field. In the cover 1, 101 of the present invention, the frequency selective surface is adjusted so that electromagnetic radiation of a first frequency band (used by the unit 11, 111) is transmitted, whereas radiation of a second frequency band, in particular visible light, is reflected. This aim is achieved by providing a highly reflective coating made from a highly reflective material such as chrome or aluminum. Into this coating a structure or pattern is formed, in particular etched, to give it transparency for the first frequency band.

[0055] Such patterns are composed of elements having dimensions smaller than 50 μm in size so that they are not very easily seen, preferably the elements have dimensions larger than 50 μm and are spaced apart by a few μm.

[0056] The elements may have the form of a cross 201a, 201b, either completely filled like element 201b or with a center left empty like element 201a. Star-shaped elements 203a, 203b or 203c may also be used. Again, these elements 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d may have centers left empty like elements 203a, 203d or may be solid like elements 203b, 203c. Further examples of elements repeatedly formed in a pattern may include solid or empty circular elements 205a, 205b, rectangular or quadratic form elements 207a, 207b and or hexagonally formed elements 209a, 209b as well as linear elements 211.

[0057] 3a shows a schematic detail of a pattern 213 formed in the coating 7, 107 to form a bandpass filter. The pattern 213 includes a repeating structure in which elements 215, here cross elements, are formed in a repeating fashion.

[0058] In Figure 4, a perspective view onto the cover 301 of the present invention is shown. As seen in Figure 3, area 321 appears to be black, while area 319 allows visibility onto the first coating 307, giving it a glossy appearance. In this way, the visual appearance is enhanced as the star logo is provided, while at the same time the radar unit, not shown in Figure 4, is covered and invisible to the observer.

[0059] A schematic cross-section onto a third embodiment of a cover 401 of the invention is shown in figure 5. In contrast to the embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2 as previously described, a substrate 403, for example in the form of a molded part made from ABS, AES, PCABS or polycarbonate which is dark, i.e. opaque to visible light, is placed on the side of the cover 401 facing the radar unit 411.

[0060] This in turn means that a first coating 407 is applied to the side of the substrate 403 facing away from the radar unit 411 . An optional first fourth coating in the form of a hard coat 415 is disposed between the substrate 403 and the first coating 407. Additionally, a stress control layer 423 may also be disposed between the substrate 403 and the first coating 407. The stress control layer 423 compensates for different mechanical properties of the substrate 403 and the first coating 407 and / or the hard coat 415, respectively. For example, the substrate 403 and / or the hard coat 415 may have different thermal expansions. The layer 423 compensates for the different thermal expansions to avoid crack formation or separation of the first coating 407 from the substrate and / or the hard coat 415.

[0061] The first coating 407 is covered by a cover layer 425 that is transparent or translucent to electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. The cover layer 427 may be covered by a second, fourth coating in the form of a hard coat 427 that optionally contains light scattering particles. With light scattering particles, the overall visual impression of the cover 401 is enhanced, since the three-dimensional impression for the observer is enhanced and the emblem formed by the pattern within the first coating 407 is visible over a wide viewing angle.

[0062] Figures 6a to 6c show alternative patterns 513a, 513b, 513c formed in the first coating 7, 107 or 407 as described above. Pattern 513a shown in Figure 6a is formed by a number of elements 515a forming metallic "islands" separated from each other by openings or gaps 517a.

[0063] Patterns 513a, 513b and 513c differ from each other in that in Fig. 6a element 515a has a square shape, whereas element 515b of pattern 513b has a triangular shape, whereas element 515c of pattern 513c has a pentagonal shape. The openings 517b, 515c formed in the metallic coating by laser etching have different shapes compared to opening 517a. It has been found by the inventors that the effectiveness of the frequency bandpass filters formed by patterns 513a, 513b and 513c is enhanced due to the separation of metallic elements 515a, 515b and 515c, which are shown in white color in Figs. 6a to 6c. The respective gaps separating elements 515a, 515b and 515c from each other are shown in black color in Figs. 6a to 6c.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 7, the inventors compared the respective dimensions of the elements with respect to the attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of 76 to 77 GHz. The results are shown in FIG. 7. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the size of elements 515a, 515b and 515c should be <400 μm, or better <100 μm. The inventors speculate that with these dimensions the electrical isolation of the metallic film elements will be more efficient. In other words, the elements should be 1600 μm 2 Smaller than 1000μm, even better 2 It should have an area smaller than

[0065] Furthermore, it has been found that the openings 517a, 517b and 517c should in particular have a dimension smaller than 8 μm, and better still smaller than 5 μm, in this way the openings 517a, 517b and 517c, preferably formed by ablation, cannot be easily seen by the user and therefore the overall visual impression is not adversely affected.

[0066] As shown in Figure 7, the attenuation for a 500 μm element size, which has an attenuation of about 3 db, can be reduced to 0.3 db when the element size is reduced to less than 100 μm. Thus, when comparing this attenuation to the attenuation of a polycarbonate hard coat and / or hard coated polycarbonate, it can be seen that the attenuation approaches this attenuation without the use of a metal coating.

[0067] Patterns 513a, 513b, and 513c may be formed by applying a conductive chrome coating using PVD magnetron sputtering deposition onto a hard-coated polycarbonate substrate. Respective openings 517a, 517b, and 517c may be formed by placing the coated substrate onto a CNC femtosecond laser system. The laser system laser edges the pattern into the coating, allowing the pattern to act as a radome.

[0068] An example may be a bidirectional straight line forming a 10 μm gap with a 500 μm metal square between them as shown in Figure 6a. Optionally, the gap may have a width of 8 μm, preferably 6 μm, most preferably 3 μm, while the elements 515a may have a side length smaller than 200 μm, preferably 100 μm, most preferably 30 μm. In particular, to obtain the structure shown in Figure 5, the coated substrate is then placed in a molding apparatus to form the rear part of the insignia, encapsulating the first coating and completing the radome in the form of cover 401.

[0069] The features disclosed in the specification, the claims, as well as the drawings may be essential for the claimed invention both separately and in combination with various embodiments of the invention. (Item 1) A cover (1, 101, 301, 401) for at least one antenna (11, 111, 411) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, said cover (1, 101, 301, 401) comprising at least one first surface facing said antenna (11, 111, 411) and at least one second surface facing away from said antenna (11, 111, 411), said cover (1, 1 1. A cover (1, 101, 301, 401) comprising at least one substrate (3, 103, 403) transparent to electromagnetic radiation, and at least one first coating (7, 107, 407) covering said substrate (3, 103, 403) in at least one first region (19, 119), said first coating (7, 107, 407) being transparent to electromagnetic radiation at least in said first frequency band, The first coating (7, 107, 407) is reflective to electromagnetic radiation impinging on the second surface and having a frequency within at least a second frequency band. A cover characterized by: (Item 2) The antenna is a radar antenna (11, 111, 411) and / or the first frequency band is a radar frequency, in particular 10 GHz to 130 GHz, preferably 20 GHz to 100 GHz, more preferably 20 GHz to 30 GHz, 70 GHz to 80 GHz and / or 90 GHz to 100 GHz, most preferably 24 GHz, 77 GHz or 93 GHz. 2. The cover according to item 1, (Item 3) The substrate (3, 103, 403) is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the first frequency band and / or in at least one third frequency band, preferably the second frequency band being at least partially identical to the third frequency band. 3. The cover according to item 1 or 2, characterized in that (Item 4) The first coating (7, 107) is disposed between the substrate (3, 103) and the antenna (11, 111) and / or on the side of the first surface (5, 105) of the substrate (3, 103). 4. A cover according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that (Item 5) The first coating (407) is applied to the second surface of the substrate (403). 4. A cover according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that (Item 6) At least one stress control layer (423) is disposed between the substrate (403) and the first coating (407). 6. The cover according to item 5, characterized in that (Item 7) at least one second coating (9, 109), preferably at least partially located between said substrate (3, 103) and / or said first coating (7, 107), on the one hand, and said antenna (11, 111), on the other hand, said second coating (9, 109) being at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in at least one fourth frequency band, preferably in said second frequency band and / or in said third frequency band, and / or being transparent in said first frequency band; 7. The cover according to one of items 1 to 6, characterized in that (Item 8) at least one masking layer (23, 123) at least partially covering said first coating (7, 107) and / or said substrate (3, 103), said masking layer (23, 123) being at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in at least one fifth frequency band, preferably in said second frequency band, said third frequency band and / or said fourth frequency band, and / or being transmissive in said first frequency band; 8. The cover according to one of items 1 to 7, characterized in that (Item 9) The second frequency band, the third frequency band and / or the fourth frequency band include 384 THz to 789 THz and / or visible light. 9. The cover according to one of items 1 to 8, characterized in that (Item 10) The second frequency band, the fourth frequency band and / or the fifth frequency band cover a range from 384 THz to 789 THz, and / or the third frequency band covers only a portion of the range from 384 THz to 789 THz. 10. The cover according to item 9, characterized in that (Item 11) At least one cover layer (425) is disposed on a side of the first coating (407) that is disposed away from the substrate (403), the cover layer (425) being transparent, or at least semi-transparent, to the second, third, fourth and / or fifth frequency bands. 11. The cover according to one of items 5 to 10, characterized in that (Item 12) Said substrate (3, 103, 403) comprises at least a portion of at least one thermoplastic material, preferably polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, polyester, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile ethylene styrene, polyacrylate and / or mixtures thereof. 12. The cover according to one of items 1 to 11, characterized in that (Item 13) The first coating (7, 107, 407) comprises at least one metallic material, preferably chromium, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, vanadium, titanium, zirconium, niobium, gold, rhodium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, tantalum, silver and / or mixtures thereof. 13. The cover according to one of items 1 to 12, characterized in that (Item 14) The first coating (7, 107, 407) acts as a frequency selective surface bandpass filter and / or includes at least one repeating pattern (213, 513a, 513b, 513c), the pattern (213, 513a, 513b, 5135c) being a cross (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d), a circle (205a, 205b), a square (207a, 207b, 515a), , in particular a plurality of elements (515a, 515b, 515c) formed as a star (203a, 203b, 203c, 203d), a rectangle (207a, 207b), a line (211), a hexagon (209a, 209b, 515c), an ellipse, a polygon, a ring, a semicircle, a sector of a circle, a triquatra, a crescent, an arbelos, a spiral, a lemniscate, a triangle (515b) and / or an ovoid shape. 14. The cover according to one of items 1 to 13, characterized in that (Item 15) The elements (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d, 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b) are formed by openings and / or gaps, in particular separated from one another, within the first coating. Item 15. The cover according to item 14, characterized in that (Item 16) The elements (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d, 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b, 515a, 515b, 515c) are formed by regions of the first coating, in particular regions that are separated from one another and / or not interconnected. 16. The cover according to item 14 or 15, characterized in that (Item 17) The second coating (9, 109) and / or the mask layer (23, 123) comprises at least one thermoplastic material, preferably polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile ethylene styrene (AES) and / or polycarbonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PCABS). 17. The cover according to one of items 1 to 16, characterized in that (Item 18) The first coating (7, 107, 407) exhibits at least one logo, letter, number, graphic mark, trademark, ornamental design and / or ornamental pattern when viewed on the second surface of the cover. 18. The cover according to one of items 1 to 17, characterized in that (Item 19) The masking layer (123) covers the first coating (107) such that when viewed on the second surface, only a first area (119) of the first coating (107) is visible, the first area (119) having the form of at least one logo, letter, number, graphic mark, trademark, ornamental design and / or decorative pattern, the first area (119) being adjacent to or formed by a substrate from which it is at least partially separated. 17. The cover according to one of items 1 to 16, characterized in that (Item 20) at least one third coating (13, 113) applied on said first surface (13, 113), in particular between said substrate (3, 103) and said first coating (7, 107), said third coating (13, 113) being in particular electrically insulating; 20. The cover according to one of items 1 to 19, characterized by: (Item 21) at least one fourth coating (15, 115, 415, 427) preferably applied on and / or on the side of said second surface of said substrate (3, 103, 403) between said substrate (403) and said first coating (407) and / or said cover layer and / or on the side of said first coating and / or on said cover layer facing away from said substrate, said fourth coating (15, 115, 415, 427) in particular forming a thermal hard coat (15, 115, 415, 427), optionally comprising light scattering particles; 21. The cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (Item 22) said first coating (7, 107, 407) is more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, more preferably more than 85%, much more preferably more than 90%, most preferably more than 95% reflective, and / or said first coating (7, 107, 407) has at least one edge which is at least partially curved, and / or said first coating (7, 107, 407) comprises at least one resistive load, particularly in the region of said edge. 22. The cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (Item 23) A method for manufacturing a cover (1, 101, 401) for at least one antenna (11, 111, 411) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, in particular a cover (1, 101, 401) according to one of items 1 to 22, said method comprising the steps of: Providing and / or manufacturing at least one substrate (3, 103, 403); covering said substrate (3, 103, 403) with at least one first coating (7, 107, 407), said first coating (7, 107, 407) forming a frequency selective surface bandpass filter that is transparent to radiation having frequencies within said first frequency band; A method comprising: As the first coating (7, 107, 407) a material is used that is highly reflective to frequencies within the second frequency band. A method comprising: (Item 24) Covering the substrate (3, 103) with at least one masking layer (23, 123) that is non-transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the second frequency band, preferably the substrate (3, 103) is covered with the masking layer (23, 123) before the step of covering the substrate (3, 103) with the first coating (7, 107), in particular the first coating (7, 107) being at least partially located on the masking layer (23, 123). 24. The method according to item 23, characterized in that (Item 25) The frequency selective surface bandpass filter is produced by a step of structuring the first coating (7, 107, 407) after deposition of the first coating (7, 107, 407) on the substrate (3, 103, 403), preferably by laser etching. 15. The method according to item 13 or 14, characterized in that (Item 26) The structure includes forming a plurality of element elements (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d, 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b, 515a, 515b, 515c) forming a pattern (213, 513a, 513b, 513c), and the elements (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d, 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b, 515a, 515b, 515c) , 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b, 515a, 515b, 515c) in particular comprise openings and / or gaps, preferably separated from one another, within said first coating and / or in particular comprise areas of said first coating (407) separated, preferably separated from one another, by said gaps and / or openings (517a, 517b, 517c). 26. The method according to item 25, characterized in that (Item 27) Said first coating (7, 107, 407) is produced by sputtering, in particular by PVD magnetron sputtering deposition. 27. The method according to one of items 23 to 26, characterized in that (Item 28) The method further comprises forming at least one first fourth coating (415) and / or at least one stress control layer (423) disposed at least in part between the substrate (403) and the first coating (407), preferably forming at least one hard coat (415). 28. The method according to one of items 23 to 27, characterized in that (Item 29) The method further comprises the step of forming at least one second fourth coating, at least a part of which is disposed on the side of the first coating facing away from the substrate, forming at least one hard coat (427), and / or at least one cover layer, which is in particular transparent, at least semi-transparent, to visible light and / or to electromagnetic radiation, at least a part of which is in the frequency band from 384 THz to 789 THz, inclusive. 29. The method according to one of items 23 to 28, characterized in that [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] 1 Cover 3. Substrate 5 surface 7 First Coating 9 Second Coating 11 Radar Unit 13 The third coating 15 Heat Hard Coat 16 people 17 directions 19 areas 21 areas 101 Cover 103 Substrate 105 Surface 107 First Coating 109 Second Coating 111 Radar Unit 113 Third Coating 115 Heat Hard Coat 116 People 117 directions 119 areas 121 areas 123 Masking Layer 201a, 201b, 201c, 201d Cross elements 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d Star-shaped elements 205a, 205b Circular elements 207a, 207b Rectangular elements 209a, 209b Hexagonal elements 211 Linear element 213 Patterns 301 Cover 303 Substrate 308 Coating 319 areas 321 areas 401 Cover 403 Substrate 407 First Coating 411 Radar Unit 415 Hard Court 423 Stress control layer 425 Cover Layer 427 Hard Court Patterns 513a, 513b, 513c 515a, 515b, 515c elements 517a, 517b, 517c opening

Claims

1. A cover (1,101,301,401) for at least one antenna (11,111,411) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, which is a radar frequency, said cover (1,101,301,401) comprising at least one first surface facing said antenna (11,111,411) and at least one second surface facing away from said antenna (11,111,411), said cover (1,101,301,401) comprising at least one substrate (3,103,403) transparent to electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band and a second frequency band including visible light, and at least one first coating covering said substrate (3,103,403) in at least one first region (19,119). the first coating (7, 107, 407) being transparent to electromagnetic radiation in at least the first frequency band and reflective to electromagnetic radiation impinging on the second surface and having a frequency within the second frequency band, the first coating (7, 107, 407) being adjusted to act as a frequency selective surface band pass filter, such that electromagnetic radiation in the first frequency band is transmitted while radiation in the second frequency band is reflected, the cover comprising at least one cover layer (425) disposed on a side of the first coating (407) disposed away from the substrate (403), the cover layer being transparent, at least semi-transparent, to the second frequency band, A cover, wherein the first coating (7, 107) is disposed between the substrate (3, 103) and the antenna (11, 111) and / or on the side of the first surface (5, 105) of the substrate (3, 103).

2. A cover (1,101,301,401) for at least one antenna (11,111,411) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, which is a radar frequency, said cover (1,101,301,401) comprising at least one first surface facing said antenna (11,111,411) and at least one second surface facing away from said antenna (11,111,411), said cover (1,101,301,401) comprising at least one substrate (3,103,403) transparent to electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band and a second frequency band comprising visible light, and at least one first coating (7,107,407) covering said substrate (3,103,403) in at least one first region (19,119), a first coating (7, 107, 407) which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in at least said first frequency band and reflective to electromagnetic radiation impinging on said second surface and having a frequency within said second frequency band, said first coating (7, 107, 407) being adjusted to act as a frequency selective surface band pass filter, transmitting electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band while reflecting radiation in said second frequency band, said cover comprising at least one second coating (9, 109) at least partially located between said first coating (7, 107) on the one hand and said antenna (11, 111) on the other hand, said at least one second coating (9, 109) being at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in said second frequency band, A cover, wherein the first coating (7, 107) is disposed between the substrate (3, 103) and the antenna (11, 111) and / or on the side of the first surface (5, 105) of the substrate (3, 103).

3. A cover (1, 101, 301, 401) for at least one antenna (11, 111, 411) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, which is a radar frequency, said cover (1, 101, 301, 401) comprising at least one first surface facing said antenna (11, 111, 411) and at least one second surface facing away from said antenna (11, 111, 411), 101, 301, 401) comprises at least one substrate (3, 103, 403) transparent to electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band and a second frequency band including visible light, and at least one first coating (7, 107, 407) covering said substrate (3, 103, 403) in at least one first region (19, 119), said first coating (7, 107, 407) being transparent to electromagnetic radiation in at least said first frequency band, a first coating (7, 107, 407) which is reflective to electromagnetic radiation impinging on said second surface and having a frequency within said second frequency band, said first coating (7, 107, 407) being adjusted to act as a frequency selective surface band pass filter, such that electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band is transmitted while radiation in said second frequency band is reflected, said cover comprising at least one cover layer (425) disposed on a side of said first coating (407) which is disposed away from said substrate (403), said cover layer being transparent, at least translucent, to said second frequency band, the first coating (407) is disposed on the second surface side of the substrate (403), and at least one stress control layer (423) is disposed between the substrate (403) and the first coating (407); The cover further comprises at least one third coating (13, 113) disposed on the first surface (5, 105), in particular between the substrate (3, 103) and the first coating (7, 107), the third coating (13, 113) being in particular electrically insulating.

4. A cover (1,101,301,401) for at least one antenna (11,111,411) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, which is a radar frequency, said cover (1,101,301,401) comprising at least one first surface facing said antenna (11,111,411) and at least one second surface facing away from said antenna (11,111,411), said cover (1,101,301,401) comprising at least one substrate (3,103,403) transparent to electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band and a second frequency band comprising visible light, and at least one first coating (7,107,407) covering said substrate (3,103,403) in at least one first region (19,119), a first coating (7, 107, 407) which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in at least said first frequency band and reflective to electromagnetic radiation impinging on said second surface and having a frequency within said second frequency band, said first coating (7, 107, 407) being adjusted to act as a frequency selective surface band pass filter, transmitting electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band while reflecting radiation in said second frequency band, said cover comprising at least one second coating (9, 109) at least partially located between said first coating (7, 107) on the one hand and said antenna (11, 111) on the other hand, said at least one second coating (9, 109) being at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in said second frequency band, the first coating (407) is disposed on the second surface side of the substrate (403), and at least one stress control layer (423) is disposed between the substrate (403) and the first coating (407); The cover further comprises at least one third coating (13, 113) disposed on the first surface (5, 105), in particular between the substrate (3, 103) and the first coating (7, 107), the third coating (13, 113) being in particular electrically insulating.

5. said second coating (9, 109) is at least partially located between said substrate (3, 103) on the one hand and said antenna (11, 111) on the other hand and / or said second coating (9, 109) is at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in at least one fourth frequency band, preferably a third frequency band, and / or is transparent in said first frequency band. A cover according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that it is

6. The second coating (9, 109) comprises at least one thermoplastic material, preferably polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile ethylene styrene (AES) and / or polycarbonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PCABS).

6. A cover according to claim 2, 4 or 5.

7. The antenna is a radar antenna (11, 111, 411) and / or the first frequency band is 10 GHz to 130 GHz, preferably 20 GHz to 100 GHz, more preferably 20 GHz to 30 GHz, 70 GHz to 80 GHz and / or 90 GHz to 100 GHz, most preferably 24 GHz, 77 GHz or 93 GHz. A cover according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is

8. The substrate (3, 103, 403) is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in at least a third frequency band, preferably the second frequency band being at least partially identical to the third frequency band. A cover according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is

9. at least one masking layer (23, 123) at least partially covering said first coating (7, 107) and / or said substrate (3, 103), said masking layer (23, 123) being at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in at least one fifth frequency band, preferably in said second frequency band, said third frequency band and / or said fourth frequency band, and / or being transmissive in said first frequency band; The cover of claim 8, characterized by:

10. The second frequency band, the third frequency band and / or the fourth frequency band include 384 THz to 789 THz and / or visible light.

10. The cover according to claim 9.

11. The second frequency band, the fourth frequency band and / or the fifth frequency band cover a range from 384 THz to 789 THz, and / or the third frequency band covers only a portion of the range from 384 THz to 789 THz. A cover according to claim 10 .

12. The cover layer (425) is transparent, or at least semi-transparent, to the third, fourth and / or fifth frequency bands. A cover according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it is

13. Said substrate (3, 103, 403) comprises at least a portion of at least one thermoplastic material, preferably polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, polyester, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile ethylene styrene, polyacrylate and / or mixtures thereof. A cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is

14. The first coating (7, 107, 407) comprises at least one metallic material, preferably chromium, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, vanadium, titanium, zirconium, niobium, gold, rhodium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, tantalum, silver and / or mixtures thereof. A cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is

15. The first coating (7, 107, 407) includes at least one repeating pattern (213, 513a, 513b, 513c), and the pattern (213, 513a, 513b, 5135c) is selected from the group consisting of a cross (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d), a circle (205a, 205b), a square (207a, 207b, 515a), a star (203a, 203b, 203c), a square (207b, 207c, 207d), a star (203b, 203c, 203 ...a, 207b, 515a), a star (203a, 203b, 203c), a star (203a, 203b, 203c), a star (203a, 203b, 203c), a star (203a, 203b, 203c), a star (203a, 203b, 203c), a star (203a, 203b, 203c), a star (203a, 203b, 203c), a star ( 03c, 203d), rectangle (207a, 207b), line (211), hexagon (209a, 209b, 515c), ellipse, polygon, ring, semicircle, sector of a circle, triquatra, crescent, arbelos, spiral, lemniscate, triangle (515b) and / or oval shapes. A cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is

16. The elements (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d, 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b) are formed by openings and / or gaps, in particular separated from one another, inside the first coating.

16. A cover according to claim 15.

17. The elements (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d, 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b, 515a, 515b, 515c) are formed by regions of the first coating, in particular regions that are separated from one another and / or not interconnected. A cover according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that it is

18. The first coating (7, 107, 407) exhibits at least one logo, letter, number, graphic mark, trademark, ornamental design and / or ornamental pattern when viewed on the second surface of the cover. A cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is

19. The masking layer (123) covers the first coating (107) such that when viewed on the second surface, only at least a first area (119) of the first coating (107) is visible, the first area (119) having the form of at least one logo, letter, number, graphic mark, trademark, ornamental design and / or decorative pattern, the first area (119) being adjacent to or formed by a substrate from which it is at least partially separated.

10. The cover according to claim 9.

20. at least one fourth coating (15, 115, 415, 427) preferably applied on and / or on the side of said second surface of said substrate (3, 103, 403) between said substrate (403) and said first coating (407) and / or said cover layer and / or on the side of said first coating and / or on said cover layer facing away from said substrate, said fourth coating (15, 115, 415, 427) in particular forming a thermal hard coat (15, 115, 415, 427), optionally comprising light scattering particles; 20. The cover according to claim 1, characterized in that:

21. said first coating (7, 107, 407) reflects more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, more preferably more than 85%, much more preferably more than 90%, most preferably more than 95%; and / or said first coating (7, 107, 407) has at least one edge which is at least partially curved; and / or said first coating (7, 107, 407) comprises at least one resistive load, especially in the region of said edge.

21. A cover according to one of the preceding claims.

22. A method for manufacturing a cover (1, 101, 401) for at least one antenna (11, 111, 411) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, which is a radar frequency, said cover (1, 101, 401) comprising at least one first surface facing said antenna (11, 111, 411) and at least one second surface facing away from said antenna (11, 111, 411), in particular a cover (1, 101, 401) according to one of claims 1, 2 and 5 to 21, said method comprising the steps of: - providing and / or manufacturing at least one substrate (3, 103, 403) that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band and in a second frequency band that includes visible light; coating said substrate (3, 103, 403) with at least one first coating (7, 107, 407), said first coating (7, 107, 407) forming a frequency selective surface bandpass filter that is transparent to radiation having frequencies within said first frequency band; Including, As the first coating (7, 107, 407) a material is used that is highly reflective for frequencies within the second frequency band, and the method comprises the steps of: i) providing at least one cover layer (425) on a side of the first coating (407) that is provided away from the substrate (403), the cover layer being transparent, at least semi-transparent, to the second frequency band; or ii) placing at least a portion of a second coating (9, 109) between said first coating (7, 107) on the one hand and said antenna (11, 111) on the other hand, said second coating (9, 109) being at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in said second frequency band. Further comprising: The method of claim 1, wherein the first coating (7, 107) is disposed between the substrate (3, 103) and the antenna (11, 111) and / or on the side of the first surface (5, 105) of the substrate (3, 103).

23. A method for manufacturing a cover (1, 101, 401) for at least one antenna (11, 111, 411) emitting and / or detecting electromagnetic radiation in at least one first frequency band, which is a radar frequency, said cover (1, 101, 401) comprising at least one first surface facing said antenna (11, 111, 411) and at least one second surface facing away from said antenna (11, 111, 411), in particular a cover (1, 101, 401) according to one of claims 3 to 21, said method comprising the steps of: - providing and / or manufacturing at least one substrate (3, 103, 403) that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in said first frequency band and in a second frequency band that includes visible light; coating said substrate (3, 103, 403) with at least one first coating (7, 107, 407), said first coating (7, 107, 407) forming a frequency selective surface bandpass filter that is transparent to radiation having frequencies within said first frequency band; Including, As the first coating (7, 107, 407) a material is used that is highly reflective for frequencies within the second frequency band, and the method comprises the steps of: i) providing at least one cover layer (425) on a side of the first coating (407) that is provided away from the substrate (403), the cover layer being transparent, at least semi-transparent, to the second frequency band; or ii) placing at least a portion of a second coating (9, 109) between said first coating (7, 107) on the one hand and said antenna (11, 111) on the other hand, said second coating (9, 109) being at least partially non-transparent and / or opaque in said second frequency band. Further comprising: the first coating (407) is disposed on the second surface side of the substrate (403), and at least one stress control layer (423) is disposed between the substrate (403) and the first coating (407); The cover further comprises at least one third coating (13, 113) disposed on the first surface (5, 105), in particular between the substrate (3, 103) and the first coating (7, 107), the third coating (13, 113) being in particular electrically insulating.

24. Covering the substrate (3, 103) with at least one masking layer (23, 123) that is non-transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the second frequency band, preferably the substrate (3, 103) is covered with the masking layer (23, 123) before the step of covering the substrate (3, 103) with the first coating (7, 107), in particular the first coating (7, 107) being at least partially located on the masking layer (23, 123).

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that

25. The frequency selective surface bandpass filter is manufactured by a step of structuring the first coating (7, 107, 407) after deposition of the first coating (7, 107, 407) on the substrate (3, 103, 403), preferably by laser etching.

25. The method according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that

26. The structure includes forming a plurality of element elements (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d, 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b, 515a, 515b, 515c) forming a pattern (213, 513a, 513b, 513c), and the elements (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 203a, 203b, 203c, 203d, 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b, 515a, 515b, 515c) , 205a, 205b, 207a, 207b, 209a, 209b, 515a, 515b, 515c) in particular comprise openings and / or gaps, preferably separated from one another, within said first coating and / or in particular comprise areas of said first coating (407) separated, preferably separated from one another, by said gaps and / or openings (517a, 517b, 517c).

26. The method according to claim 25.

27. The first coating (7, 107, 407) is produced by sputtering, in particular by PVD magnetron sputtering deposition.

27. The method according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that

28. The method further comprises forming at least one first fourth coating (415) and / or at least one stress control layer (423), preferably forming at least one hard coat (415), at least partially disposed between the substrate (403) and the first coating (407).

28. The method according to one of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that

29. The method further comprises the step of forming at least one second fourth coating, at least a part of which is disposed on the side of the first coating facing away from the substrate, forming at least one hard coat (427), and / or at least one cover layer, which is in particular transparent, at least semi-transparent, to visible light and / or to electromagnetic radiation, at least a part of which is in the frequency band from 384 THz to 789 THz, inclusive.

29. The method according to one of claims 22 to 28, characterized in that

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