Steel damper

Abstract

To provide a steel damper which can sufficiently attenuate vibration energy (earthquake energy) at the generation of vibration since a damper panel is surely plastically deformed at the generation of vibration caused by the earthquake or the like, and can minimize deformation and damage of a building due to vibration.SOLUTION: A damper panel 13a of a steel damper 10A has: a first recessed face area 24 which is formed at a front face 20 in an oval recessed face shape, and is recessed toward a rear face of the damper panel 13a from the front face 20; and a second recessed face area which is formed at a rear face in an oval recessed face shape, and is recessed toward the front face 20 of the damper panel 13a from the rear face. In the steel damper 10A, the first recessed face area 24 having the oval recessed face shape is formed in a substantially-entire area of the front face 20 of the damper panel 13a, and the second recessed face area having the oval recessed face shape is formed in a substantially-entire area of the rear face of the damper panel 13a. When an external force generated by vibration at the generation of the vibration is applied to the steel damper 10A, the steel damper exerts a vibration control function since at least either of the oval first recessed face area 24 and the oval second recessed face area is plastically deformed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a steel damper that exhibits a vibration control function by plastically deforming a damper panel when vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like. [Background technology]

[0002] A support structure for a fixed bearing in a bridge is disclosed (see Patent Document 1), which is formed from a movable bearing installed between the upper and lower structures to support the vertical load of the superstructure, and a displacement restraint device installed between the upper and lower structures in combination with the movable bearing to restrain horizontal displacement of the superstructure and allow the movable bearing to function as a fixed bearing, wherein the displacement restraint device comprises a shear panel type damper made of low yield point steel installed on one of the upper and lower structures, and a pair of stoppers installed on the other of the upper and lower structures that are constantly in contact with both ends of the shear panel type damper to fix the damper between the upper and lower structures.

[0003] In order to solve the problems of the shear panel type damper disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, a variable thickness shear panel type control device for bridges made of low yield point steel material has been disclosed (see Patent Document 2). This variable thickness shear panel type control device for bridges includes a lower connecting panel connected to the part of the bridge substructure facing the bridge superstructure, an upper connecting panel connected to the part of the bridge superstructure facing the bridge substructure, a damper panel located between the lower connecting panel and the upper connecting panel, and a pair of plastically deformable curved recesses that are circular in front view and formed on the front and rear surfaces of the damper panel. The recess dimensions of these curved recesses gradually increase toward the center. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 3755886 [Patent Document 2] JP 2008-179950 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The support structure disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses a shear panel damper made of H-shaped steel material, and the shear panel damper is formed of a panel-like web having a predetermined thickness and a pair of flanges connected to both side edges of the web to prevent deformation of the web. When an earthquake occurs and a horizontal load acts on the shear panel damper of the support structure, it undergoes plastic deformation to exert a seismic control function, but because the web and flanges are difficult to plastically deform, it is unable to sufficiently attenuate vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like.

[0006] In the variable thickness shear panel type control device for bridges disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2, when an earthquake occurs and a horizontal load acts on it, the perfect circular curved recess of the damper panel undergoes plastic deformation, exerting a seismic control function and attenuating seismic energy when an earthquake occurs. In the variable thickness shear panel type control device for bridges, both outer edges of the damper panel extending between the lower connecting panel and the upper connecting panel are narrowed inward in the width direction to form an arc, and for example, when the length dimension of the damper panel is long in the vertical direction or in the width direction, it is not possible to form a perfect circular curved recess over the entire area of ​​the damper panel, and the entire area of ​​the damper panel cannot be effectively used as a plastically deformable area.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a steel damper that can sufficiently attenuate vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs due to an earthquake or the like by reliably plastically deforming the damper panel when vibration occurs, thereby minimizing deformation and damage to buildings caused by vibration. Another object of the present invention is to provide a steel damper that can effectively utilize the entire area of ​​the damper panel as an area capable of plastically deforming, and can reliably attenuate vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs by plastically deforming the entire area of ​​the damper panel when vibration occurs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The premise of the present invention to solve the above problem is a steel damper formed from a first connecting panel having a predetermined thickness, a second connecting panel having a predetermined thickness and located on the opposite side of the first connecting panel, and a damper panel having a predetermined thickness and located between the first and second connecting panels, and having front and rear surfaces of a predetermined area.

[0009] The present invention is characterized in that the damper panel has two outer edges extending in the up-down direction and upper and lower edges extending in the width direction, and is formed vertically elongated such that the vertical dimension between the upper edge and the lower edge is greater than the horizontal dimension between the two outer edges, or is formed horizontally elongated such that the vertical dimension between the upper edge and the lower edge is smaller than the horizontal dimension between the two outer edges, and the damper panel is formed in a predetermined concave shape on the front surface thereof, recessed from the front surface toward the rear surface of the damper panel, and the recess dimension from the front surface toward the rear surface gradually increases from the outer peripheral edge toward the center, at least one The steel damper has two first concave areas and at least one second concave area that is formed into a predetermined concave shape on the rear surface and is concave from the rear surface toward the front surface of the damper panel, with the concave dimension from the rear surface toward the front surface gradually increasing from the outer peripheral edge toward the center, and when an external force due to vibration is applied to the steel damper during vibration occurrence, at least one of the first concave area formed on the front surface of the damper panel and the second concave area formed on the rear surface of the damper panel undergoes plastic deformation, thereby exhibiting a vibration control function.

[0010] In one example of the present invention, the concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are ellipses having major and minor axes, and in a steel damper, the center of the first concave area of ​​the ellipse coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, the major axis of the first concave area of ​​the ellipse extends in the up-down or width direction of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the first concave area of ​​the ellipse are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, a portion of the outer periphery of the first concave area of ​​the ellipse is located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, the center of the second concave area of ​​the ellipse coincides with the center of the rear surface of the damper panel, the major axis of the second concave area of ​​the ellipse extends in the up-down or width direction of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the second concave area of ​​the ellipse are in a mirror image relationship with respect to the vertical center line that bisects the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and a portion of the outer periphery of the second concave area of ​​the ellipse is located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel.

[0011] Another example of the present invention is a steel damper in which the concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are oval-shaped and made up of convex curves facing each other and straight lines facing each other, and the center of the oval-shaped first concave area coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, an axis connecting the convex curves of the oval-shaped first concave area extends in the up-down direction or width direction of the damper panel, and the right and left halves of the oval-shaped first concave area are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the front surface of the damper panel in half in the width direction, and A portion of the outer peripheral edge of the first concave area is located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, the center of the oval-shaped second concave area coincides with the center of the rear surface of the damper panel, the axis connecting the convex curves of the oval-shaped second concave area extends in the vertical or width direction of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the oval-shaped second concave area are in a mirror image relationship with respect to the vertical center line that bisects the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and a portion of the outer peripheral edge of the oval-shaped second concave area is located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel.

[0012] In another example of the present invention, the concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are rectangular having long sides facing each other and short sides facing each other, and the corners are chamfered, and in a steel damper, the center of the rectangular first concave area having chamfered corners coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, an axis connecting the short sides of the rectangular first concave area having chamfered corners extends in the up-down direction or width direction of the damper panel, the right half and the left half of the rectangular first concave area having chamfered corners are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and the long side or the short side of the rectangular first concave area having chamfered corners is aligned with the center of the front surface of the damper panel. the second rectangular concave area with chamfered corners is located near both outer edges of the front surface of the panel and extends parallel to both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, the center of the second rectangular concave area with chamfered corners coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, an axis connecting the short sides of the second rectangular concave area with chamfered corners extends in the vertical or width direction of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the second rectangular concave area with chamfered corners are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and the long or short side of the second rectangular concave area with chamfered corners is located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel and extends parallel to both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel.

[0013] In another example of the present invention, the concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are polygons that are long in the up-down direction or the width direction, and in a steel damper, the center of the polygonal first concave area coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, axes connecting opposing sides or opposing corners of the polygonal first concave area extend in the up-down direction or the width direction of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the polygonal first concave area are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and the opposing sides of the polygonal first concave area extend beyond both outer sides of the front surface of the damper panel. the center of the second polygonal concave area coincides with the center of the rear surface of the damper panel; axes connecting opposing sides or opposing corners of the second polygonal concave area extend in the up-down or width direction of the damper panel; the right and left halves of the second polygonal concave area are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction; and the opposing sides of the second polygonal concave area are located near the outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel and extend parallel to both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel.

[0014] In another example of the present invention, the concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are perfect circles, and in a steel damper, a plurality of first concave areas made of perfect circles are arranged in the up-down or width direction on the front surface of the damper panel with partial overlapping, the right and left halves of the plurality of first concave areas arranged in the up-down or width direction are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer peripheries of the first concave areas of perfect circles are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, and a plurality of second concave areas made of perfect circles are arranged in the up-down or width direction on the rear surface of the damper panel with partial overlapping, the right and left halves of the plurality of second concave areas arranged in the up-down or width direction are in a mirror image relationship with respect to the vertical center line that divides the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer peripheries of the second concave areas of perfect circles are located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel.

[0015] In another example of the present invention, the concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are perfect circles, and in a steel damper, a plurality of first concave areas made of perfect circles are arranged on the front surface of the damper panel in a partially overlapping state to form a loop, the right and left halves of the loop formed by the plurality of first concave areas are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and portions of the outer periphery of the plurality of first concave areas forming the loop are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, and a plurality of second concave areas made of perfect circles are arranged on the rear surface of the damper panel in a partially overlapping state to form a loop, the right and left halves of the loop formed by the plurality of second concave areas are in a mirror image relationship with respect to the vertical center line that divides the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and portions of the outer periphery of the plurality of second concave areas forming the loop are located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel.

[0016] In another example of the present invention, a first connecting panel is connected by a specified connecting means to a free end of a first mounting member extending from a first structural member that constitutes a building, a second connecting panel is connected by a specified connecting means to a free end of a second mounting member extending from a second structural member that constitutes the building and faces the first structural member in the vertical or width direction, and a damper panel is positioned in the space between the free end of the first mounting member and the free ends of the second mounting members that are spaced apart in the vertical or width direction.

[0017] In another example of the present invention, a first connecting panel is connected by a predetermined connecting means to opposing sides of a first mounting member extending between a first structural member that constitutes a building and a second structural member that is spaced apart in the vertical direction from the first structural member, a second connecting panel is connected by a predetermined connecting means to opposing sides of a second mounting member that extends between the first structural member and the second structural member and is spaced apart in the width direction from the first mounting member, and a damper panel is positioned in the space between the opposing sides of the first mounting member and the opposing sides of the second mounting member that are spaced apart in the width direction. Effect of the Invention

[0018] The steel damper according to the present invention has at least one first concave area formed in a predetermined concave shape on the front surface of the damper panel, recessed from the front surface toward the rear surface of the damper panel, with a recess dimension from the front surface to the rear surface gradually increasing from the outer circumferential edge toward the center, and at least one second concave area formed in a predetermined concave shape on the rear surface of the damper panel, recessed from the rear surface toward the front surface of the damper panel, with a recess dimension from the rear surface to the front surface gradually increasing from the outer circumferential edge toward the center. When an external force due to vibration is applied to the steel damper during vibration generation, the first concave area of ​​the predetermined concave shape formed over substantially the entire front surface of the damper panel and the second concave area of ​​the predetermined concave shape formed over substantially the entire rear surface of the damper panel are recessed. The vibration control function is exerted by plastic deformation of at least one of the first concave area of ​​a specified concave shape and the second concave area of ​​a specified concave shape of the damper panel, so that when an external force acting upon vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper as shear force, axial force, or bending moment, the first concave area of ​​a specified concave shape and the second concave area of ​​a specified concave shape of the damper panel will reliably plastically deform, allowing the first concave area and the second concave area of ​​the damper panel to efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy).The plastic deformation of the first concave area and the second concave area can be used to sufficiently attenuate the vibration energy (earthquake energy), and deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake) can be minimized. By forming the first concave area and the second concave area of ​​the steel damper into a predetermined concave shape, the first concave area and the second concave area can be formed over almost the entire area of ​​the damper panel, making it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire area of ​​the damper panel as an area capable of plastic deformation, and since the entire area of ​​the damper panel undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, it is possible to reliably damp vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs.When a steel damper has both outer edges extending between the first and second connecting panels of the damper panel narrowed inward in the width direction (center) of the damper panel in an arc shape, external forces (shear force, axial force, bending moment) acting when vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like do not act concentratedly at specific points on both outer edges of the damper panel, but the external forces (shear force, axial force, bending moment) are transmitted evenly to both narrow outer edges of the damper panel and are also transmitted evenly from both outer edges of the damper panel to a first concave area of ​​a specified concave shape and a second concave area of ​​a specified concave shape, ensuring that the first concave area and the second concave area undergo plastic deformation, allowing the vibration energy (earthquake energy) to be efficiently absorbed throughout the entire damper panel. Even if the damper panel of a steel damper is formed vertically with the vertical dimension between the upper and lower edges being greater than the horizontal dimension between the two outer edges, or horizontally with the vertical dimension between the upper and lower edges being smaller than the horizontal dimension between the two outer edges, a first concave area of ​​a predetermined concave shape and a second concave area of ​​a predetermined concave shape can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces of the vertically or horizontally elongated damper panel, so that the entire damper panel can be effectively and maximally utilized as an area capable of plastically deforming, and since the entire damper panel undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be reliably damped when vibration occurs.

[0019] The concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are ellipses having major and minor axes, the center of the first concave area of ​​the ellipse coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, the major axis of the first concave area of ​​the ellipse extends in the up-down direction or the width direction of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the first concave area of ​​the ellipse are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, parts of the outer periphery of the first concave area of ​​the ellipse are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, the center of the second concave area of ​​the ellipse coincides with the center of the rear surface of the damper panel, the major axis of the second concave area of ​​the ellipse extends in the up-down direction or the width direction of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the second concave area of ​​the ellipse are in a mirror image relationship with respect to the vertical center line that bisects the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer periphery of the second concave area of ​​the ellipse are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel. When an external force acting during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper as shear force, axial force, or bending moment, at least one of the first concave area of ​​an elliptical concave shape formed over almost the entire front surface of the damper panel and the second concave area of ​​an elliptical concave shape formed over almost the entire rear surface of the damper panel reliably undergoes plastic deformation to exhibit its vibration control function, so that the first concave area of ​​an elliptical concave shape and the second concave area of ​​an elliptical concave shape of the damper panel can efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy), and the plastic deformation of the first and second concave areas can be used to sufficiently dampen the vibration energy (earthquake energy), while minimizing deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake). By forming the first concave area and the second concave area of ​​the steel damper into an elliptical concave shape having a major axis and a minor axis, the first concave area and the second concave area can be formed over almost the entire area of ​​the damper panel, making it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire area of ​​the damper panel as an area capable of plastic deformation, and since the entire area of ​​the damper panel undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, it is possible to reliably damp vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs.

[0020] The concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are rectangular having long sides facing each other and short sides facing each other and having chamfered corners, the center of the rectangular first concave area having chamfered corners coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, an axis connecting the short sides of the rectangular first concave area having chamfered corners extends in the up-down direction or width direction of the damper panel, the right half and the left half of the rectangular first concave area having chamfered corners are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, The long or short sides of the first rectangular concave area with chamfered corners are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel and extend parallel to both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, the center of the second rectangular concave area with chamfered corners coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, an axis connecting the short sides of the second rectangular concave area with chamfered corners extends in the up-down direction or width direction of the damper panel, and the right and left halves of the second rectangular concave area with chamfered corners are mirror images with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction. In a steel damper in which the long or short sides of the rectangular second concave area with chamfered corners are located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel and extend parallel to both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel, when an external force acting during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, the first concave area with a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners formed over almost the entire front surface of the damper panel and the second concave area with a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners formed over almost the entire rear surface of the damper panel are displaced from the front surface of the damper panel to the rear surface of the damper panel. Since at least one of the first concave area and the second concave area also having a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners of the damper panel reliably undergoes plastic deformation to exert its vibration control function, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be efficiently absorbed by the first concave area having a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners of the damper panel and the second concave area having a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners.The vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be sufficiently attenuated by utilizing the plastic deformation of the first concave area and the second concave area, and deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake) can be minimized.By forming the first concave area and the second concave area of ​​the steel damper into a rectangular concave shape having long and short sides and chamfered corners, the first concave area and the second concave area can be formed over almost the entire area of ​​the damper panel, making it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire area of ​​the damper panel as an area capable of plastic deformation, and since the entire area of ​​the damper panel undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, it is possible to reliably damp vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs.

[0021] The concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are polygons that are long in the up-down direction or the width direction, the center of the polygonal first concave area coincides with the center of the front surface of the damper panel, axes connecting opposing sides or opposing corners of the polygonal first concave area extend in the up-down direction or the width direction of the damper panel, the right half and the left half of the polygonal first concave area are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, The opposing sides of the polygonal second concave area A are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel and extend parallel to both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, the center of the polygonal second concave area coincides with the center of the rear surface of the damper panel, axes connecting the opposing sides or the opposing corners of the polygonal second concave area extend in the up-down direction or width direction of the damper panel, and the right and left halves of the polygonal second concave area are mirror images of each other with respect to a vertical center line that bisects the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction. In a steel damper in which opposing sides of the polygonal second concave area are located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel and extend parallel to both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel, when an external force acting during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, at least one of the polygonal concave first concave area formed over almost the entire front surface of the damper panel and the polygonal concave second concave area formed over almost the entire rear surface of the damper panel reliably undergoes plastic deformation to exhibit a vibration control function, so that the polygonal concave first concave area and the polygonal concave second concave area of ​​the damper panel can efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy), and the plastic deformation of the first concave area and the second concave area can be used to sufficiently attenuate the vibration energy (earthquake energy), while minimizing deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake).By forming the first concave area and the second concave area of ​​the steel damper into a polygonal concave shape that is long in the vertical or horizontal direction, the first concave area and the second concave area can be formed over almost the entire area of ​​the damper panel, making it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire area of ​​the damper panel as an area capable of plastic deformation, and since the entire area of ​​the damper panel undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, it is possible to reliably damp vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs.

[0022] The concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are perfect circles, a plurality of first concave areas made of perfect circles are arranged in a vertical or width direction on the front surface of the damper panel in a partially overlapping state, the right and left halves of the plurality of first concave areas arranged in the vertical or width direction are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer peripheries of the first concave areas of perfect circles are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, a plurality of second concave areas made of perfect circles are arranged in a vertical or width direction on the rear surface of the damper panel in a partially overlapping state, the right and left halves of the plurality of second concave areas arranged in the vertical or width direction are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer peripheries of the second concave areas of perfect circles are located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel. When an external force acting upon the steel damper placed on the damper panel during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, at least one of the multiple first concave surface areas of perfect circles formed over substantially the entire front surface of the damper panel and the multiple second concave surface areas of perfect circles formed over substantially the entire rear surface of the damper panel and arranged in the vertical or width direction reliably undergoes plastic deformation to exhibit its vibration control function, so that the multiple first concave surface areas of perfect circular concave shapes and the multiple second concave surface areas of perfect circular concave shapes of the damper panel can efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy), and the plastic deformation of the first and second concave surface areas can be utilized to sufficiently attenuate the vibration energy (earthquake energy), while minimizing deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake).In a steel damper, the first concave area and the second concave area are formed in a perfect circle, and the multiple first concave areas of perfect circles are lined up in the vertical or width direction on the front surface of the damper panel, and the multiple second concave areas of perfect circles are lined up in the vertical or width direction on the rear surface of the damper panel.This means that even though the first and second concave areas are formed in perfect circles, the first and second concave areas can be formed over almost the entire area of ​​the damper panel, and the entire area of ​​the damper panel can be effectively and maximally utilized as an area capable of plastic deformation, and because the entire area of ​​the damper panel undergoes plastic deformity when vibration occurs, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be reliably damped when vibration occurs.

[0023] The concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are perfect circles, a plurality of first concave areas formed by perfect circles are arranged in a loop in a partially overlapping state over substantially the entire front surface of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the loop formed by the plurality of first concave areas are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and portions of the outer peripheries of the plurality of first concave areas forming the loop are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, a plurality of second concave areas formed by perfect circles are arranged in a loop in a partially overlapping state over substantially the entire rear surface of the damper panel, the right and left halves of the loop formed by the plurality of second concave areas are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and portions of the outer peripheries of the plurality of second concave areas forming the loop are located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel. When an external force acting upon the steel damper located nearby during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper as shear force, axial force, or bending moment, at least one of the multiple first concave areas of perfect circles arranged in a loop over almost the entire front surface of the damper panel and the multiple second concave areas of perfect circles arranged in a loop over almost the entire rear surface of the damper panel reliably undergoes plastic deformation to exhibit its vibration control function, so that the multiple first concave areas of perfect circular concave shape and the multiple second concave areas of perfect circular concave shape of the damper panel can efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy), and the plastic deformation of the first and second concave areas can be used to sufficiently dampen the vibration energy (earthquake energy), while minimizing deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake).In a steel damper, the first concave area and the second concave area are formed in a perfect circle, the multiple first concave areas are arranged in a loop over almost the entire front surface of the damper panel, and the multiple second concave areas are arranged in a loop over almost the entire rear surface of the damper panel.This means that even though the first and second concave areas are formed in a perfect circle, the first and second concave areas can be formed over almost the entire damper panel, and the entire damper panel can be effectively and maximally utilized as an area capable of plastic deformation, and since the entire damper panel undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be reliably damped when vibration occurs. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 4 is a front view of a steel damper shown as an example. [Diagram 2] Rear view of steel damper. [Diagram 3] Cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1 . [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a front view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 6] FIG. 11 is a rear view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a front view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 8] FIG. 11 is a rear view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 9] FIG. 11 is a front view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is a rear view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a front view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a rear view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a front view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 14] FIG. 11 is a rear view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 15] 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 13 . [Figure 16] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 13 . [Figure 17] FIG. 11 is a front view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 18] FIG. 11 is a rear view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 19] 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 17 . [Figure 20] 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line FF in FIG. 17 . [Figure 21] FIG. 11 is a front view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 22] FIG. 11 is a rear view of a steel damper shown as another example. [Figure 23] A cross-sectional view taken along line GG in Figure 21. [Figure 24] A cross-sectional view taken along line HH in Figure 29. [Diagram 25] FIG. 1 is a front view of an example of a seismic control structure using steel dampers. [Figure 26] A side view of the vibration control structure in Figure 25. [Figure 27] FIG. 4 is a front view of first and second steel brackets shown as an example. [Figure 28] FIG. 2 is a top view of the first and second steel brackets. [Figure 29] FIG. 4 is a front view of the steel damper shown in a state connected to first and second steel members. [Diagram 30] FIG. 4 is a side view of the steel damper shown connected to first and second steel members. [Diagram 31] FIG. 13 is a front view of another example of a seismic control structure using steel dampers. [Diagram 32] FIG. 13 is a front view of another example of a seismic control structure using steel dampers. [Diagram 33] FIG. 13 is a front view of another example of a seismic control structure using steel dampers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The steel damper according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings such as Fig. 1, which is a front view of a steel damper 10A shown as an example. Fig. 2 is a rear view of the steel damper 10A, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 1. In Figs. 1 to 4, the up-down direction (vertical direction) is indicated by arrow X, the width direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by arrow Y, and the front-rear direction is indicated by arrow Z.

[0026] The steel damper 10A (including the steel dampers 10B to 10H) is made of low-yield-point steel, which has a lower yield strength and higher plastic deformation function than ordinary steel (low-yield-point steel dampers 10A to 10H). The steel damper 10A (including the steel dampers 10B to 10H) has a yield strength of 100 to 230 N / mm 2 The dampers may be made of extremely soft iron or ordinary steel having a yield point of 10A to 10H (extremely soft iron dampers 10A to 10H, ordinary steel dampers 10A to 10H).

[0027] The steel damper 10A (shear type panel damper) is formed of a first connecting panel 11 having a predetermined thickness, a second connecting panel 12 having a predetermined thickness and located on the opposite side of the first connecting panel 11, and a damper panel 13a having a predetermined thickness and extending between the first and second connecting panels 11, 12. The first connecting panel 11 is formed in a rectangular shape that is long in the width direction, and is detachably connected to a first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) that constitutes a building by a predetermined connecting means. The second connecting panel 12 is the same shape and size as the first connecting panel 11, formed in a rectangular shape with a predetermined thickness that is long in the width direction, and is detachably connected to a second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) that constitutes a building by a predetermined connecting means.

[0028] The first and second connecting panels 11, 12 have a flat front surface 14 and a flat rear surface 15, and the front surfaces 14 of the panels 11, 12 are flush with each other, and the rear surfaces 15 of the panels 11, 12 are flush with each other. The first and second connecting panels 11, 12 are drilled (formed) with a plurality of bolt holes 28 that penetrate between the front and rear surfaces 14, 15 and are aligned in the horizontal direction.

[0029] The damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h) and the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 are integrally formed. The damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h) has an upper edge 16 and a lower edge 17 extending in the width direction, both outer edges 18, 19 located between the upper and lower edges 16, 17 and extending in the vertical direction (up and down direction), a front surface 20 with a predetermined area, and a rear surface 21 with a predetermined area. In the damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h), the upper edge 16 is continuously connected to the first connecting panel 11, and the lower edge 17 is continuously connected to the second connecting panel 12.

[0030] The damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h) is formed vertically long such that the vertical dimension S1 between the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 is larger than the horizontal dimension S2 between both outer edges 18, 19, and the horizontal dimension S2 between both outer edges 18, 19 is smaller than the vertical dimension S1 between the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17. Note that the damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h) may be formed horizontally long such that the vertical dimension S1 between the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 is smaller than the horizontal dimension S2 between both outer edges 18, 19, and the horizontal dimension S2 between both outer edges 18, 19 is larger than the vertical dimension S1 between the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17.

[0031] When the damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h) is formed vertically, the ratio of the vertical dimension S1 to the horizontal dimension S2 is 1.2 to 3.0 times the vertical dimension S1 when the horizontal dimension S2 is 1. When the damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h) is formed horizontally, the ratio of the vertical dimension S1 to the horizontal dimension S2 is 1.2 to 3.0 times the vertical dimension S1 when the horizontal dimension S2 is 1.

[0032] The damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h) has a horizontal dimension S2 between both outer edges 18, 19 in the horizontal direction (width direction) that is smaller than the horizontal dimension S3 between both outer edges 22, 23 of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12, and both outer edges 18, 19 are arched (concave) toward the center (inward in the width direction) of the damper panel 13a, and both outer edges 18, 19 are narrowed toward the inner side in the width direction. Note that the horizontal dimension S2 between both outer edges 18, 19 of the damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13l) is the same as the horizontal dimension S3 between both outer edges 22, 23 of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12, and both outer edges 18, 19 of the damper panel 13a (including the damper panels 13b to 13h) do not have to be narrowed toward the inner side in the width direction.

[0033] Because both outer edges 18, 19 of the damper panel 13a (including damper panels 13b to 13h) are narrowed toward the inside in the width direction, compared to a case in which both outer edges 18, 19 of the damper panel 13a are connected in a row (flush) with both outer edges 22, 23 of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 and the both outer edges 18, 19 are not narrowed, the external force acting when vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like does not act as shear force, axial force, or bending moment at specific locations on both outer edges 18, 19 of the damper panel 13a (including damper panels 13b to 13h), and the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) is transmitted evenly to both narrowed outer edges 18, 19 of the damper panel 13a (including damper panels 13b to 13h).

[0034] A first concave area 24 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a, the first concave area 24 being concave from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21. The first concave area 24 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the steel damper 10A is an ellipse long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) having a major axis L1 and a minor axis L2 when viewed from the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the elliptical first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a is 90 to 97%. A preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the elliptical first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a is 95 to 97%.

[0035] 3 and 4, the concave shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13a or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens. Note that the concave shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13a or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26.

[0036] In the steel damper 10A, the center 26 of the elliptically shaped first concave area 24 coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a, the long axis L1 of the elliptically shaped first concave area 24 extends linearly in the vertical direction of the vertically elongated damper panel 13a, and the short axis L2 of the first concave area 24 is perpendicular to the long axis L1 and extends linearly in the width direction of the damper panel 13a parallel to the upper and lower edges 16, 17. Furthermore, when the damper panel 13a is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the first concave area 24 is formed into an ellipse that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction), and the long axis L1 of the elliptical first concave area 24 extends straight in the horizontal direction (width direction) of the horizontally elongated damper panel 13a, and the short axis L2 of the first concave area 24 extends straight in the vertical direction (up and down direction) of the damper panel 13a, parallel to both outer edges 18, 19.

[0037] In the steel damper 10A, the right and left halves of the first concave surface area 24 formed into an ellipse are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetry across the first vertical center line N1) with respect to a first vertical center line N1 (dotted line) that bisects the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a in the width direction. In the steel damper 10A, the major axis L1 of the first concave surface area 24 extends on the first vertical center line N1. Note that, when the damper panel 13a is formed horizontally, the major axis L1 of the first concave surface area 24 is perpendicular to the first vertical center line N1, and the minor axis L2 of the first concave surface area 24 extends on the first vertical center line N1. In the steel damper 10A, a portion of the outer peripheral edge 25 of the first concave area 24, which is elliptically shaped, is located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a and extends parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a.

[0038] A second concave area 27 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a, the second concave area 27 being concave from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20. The second concave area 27 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the steel damper 10A is an ellipse elongated in the vertical direction (up and down direction) having a major axis L1 and a minor axis L2 when viewed from the front of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a, which is formed (created) on substantially the entire rear surface 21. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the elliptical first concave area 27 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a is 90 to 97%. A preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the elliptical first concave area 27 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a is 95 to 97%.

[0039] 3 and 4, the concave shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13a or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens. Note that the concave shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13a or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26.

[0040] In the steel damper 10A, the center 26 of the elliptically shaped second concave area 27 coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a, the long axis L1 of the elliptically shaped second concave area 27 extends linearly in the vertical direction of the vertically elongated damper panel 13a, and the short axis L2 of the second concave area 27 is perpendicular to the long axis L1 and extends linearly in the width direction of the damper panel 13a parallel to the upper and lower edges 16, 17. Furthermore, when the damper panel 13a is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the second concave area 27 is formed into an ellipse that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction), the long axis L1 of the elliptical second concave area 27 extends straight in the horizontal direction (width direction) of the horizontally elongated damper panel 13a, and the short axis L2 of the second concave area 27 extends straight in the vertical direction (up and down direction) of the damper panel 13a, parallel to both outer edges 18, 19.

[0041] In the steel damper 10A, the right and left halves of the second concave surface area 27 formed into an ellipse are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to a second vertical center line N2 (dotted line) that bisects the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a in the width direction. In the steel damper 10A, the major axis L1 of the second concave surface area 7 extends on the second vertical center line N2. If the damper panel 13a is formed horizontally elongated, the major axis L1 of the second concave surface area 27 is perpendicular to the second vertical center line N2, and the minor axis L2 of the second concave surface area 27 extends on the second vertical center line N2. In the steel damper 10A, a part of the outer peripheral edge 25 of the elliptical second concave surface area 27 is located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a, and extends parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a. The elliptical first concave surface area 24 and the elliptical second concave surface area 25 of the steel damper 10A have the same shape and size, and are arranged symmetrically in the front-to-rear direction of the damper panel 13a.

[0042] Furthermore, in the steel damper 10A (including steel dampers 10B to 10L), the thickness dimension (the thickness dimension in the front-to-rear direction between the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27) of the damper panel 13a (including damper panels 13b to 13l) in the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 can be freely set (for example, in the range of 5 mm to 50 mm), and the damping force (vibration (earthquake) resistance force) can be arbitrarily set, for example, in the range of 50 kN to 3000 kN.

[0043] When vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like, relative displacement between the first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) and the second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) of the building occurs in the steel damper 10A, so that at least one of the first concave surface area 24, which is molded (formed) in an elliptical shape over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a, and the second concave surface area 27, which is molded (formed) in an elliptical shape over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a, undergoes plastic deformation, and the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 exert their vibration control function.

[0044] When an external force acting upon the steel damper 10A during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper 10A as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, at least one of the first concave area 24 having an elliptical concave shape formed over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13a and the second concave area 27 having an elliptical concave shape formed over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13a is reliably plastically deformed, and the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 exert a vibration control function. Therefore, the first concave area 24 having an elliptical concave shape and the second concave area 27 having an elliptical concave shape of the damper panel 13a can efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy). The plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 can be utilized to sufficiently attenuate the vibration energy (earthquake energy), and deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake) can be minimized.

[0045] In the steel damper 10A, the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 are formed into an elliptical concave shape having a major axis L1 and a minor axis L2, so that the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces 20, 21 of the vertically (or horizontally) elongated damper panel 13a. This makes it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire damper panel 13a as an area capable of plastic deformation, and since the entire damper panel 13a undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, it is possible to reliably damp vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs.

[0046] Fig. 5 is a front view of a steel damper 10B shown as another example, and Fig. 6 is a rear view of the steel damper 10B shown as another example. In Figs. 5 and 6, the up-down direction (vertical direction) is indicated by arrow X, and the width direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by arrow Y. Note that the cross sections of the steel damper 10B in the vertical and horizontal directions are the same as those in Figs. 3 and 4.

[0047] The steel damper 10B shown in Figures 5 and 6 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that the concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the damper panel 13b is shaped (formed) into an oval shape that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction), and the concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the damper panel 13b is shaped (formed) into an oval shape that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction), and the other configurations are the same as those of the steel damper 10A shown in Figure 1. The steel damper 10B (shear type panel damper) is formed from a first connecting panel 11 having a predetermined thickness, a second connecting panel 12 having a predetermined thickness and located on the opposite side of the first connecting panel 11, and a damper panel 13b having a predetermined thickness, extending between the first and second connecting panels 11, 12, and shaped vertically.

[0048] A first concave area 24 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b, the first concave area 24 being concave from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21. The first concave area 24 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the steel damper 10B is an oval shape that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) and has convex curves 29a, 29b facing each other and straight lines 30a, 30b facing each other, when viewed from the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the oval-shaped first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b is 90 to 98%. A preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the oval first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b is 96 to 98%.

[0049] The concave shape of the first concave area 20 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13b or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Note that the concave shape of the first concave area 20 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13b or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (toric surface, symmetric aspheric surface, asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26.

[0050] In the steel damper 10B, the center 26 of the first concave area 24 formed in an oval shape coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b. One of the opposing convex curves 29a, 29b, the convex curve 29a, is convex in the vertical direction toward the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13b, and the other convex curve 20b is convex in the vertical direction toward the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13b, and one of the opposing straight lines 30a, 30b, the straight line 30a, extends straight in the vertical direction and is parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13b, and the other straight line 30b extends straight in the vertical direction and is parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13b. An axis L3 (long axis) connecting the centers of the convex curves 29a, 29b of the oval first concave area 24 extends in the vertical direction (up and down direction) of the damper panel 13b.

[0051] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13b is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the first concave area 24 is formed into an oval shape that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction), and one of the opposing convex curves 29a, 29b of the first concave area 24 is convex in the horizontal direction (width direction) toward one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13b, the other convex curve 29b of the first concave area 24 is convex in the horizontal direction (width direction) toward the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13b, and one of the opposing straight lines 30a, 30b, the straight line 30a, extends straight in the horizontal direction and is parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13b, and the other straight line 30b extends straight in the horizontal direction and is parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13b. Furthermore, an axis L3 (long axis) connecting the centers of the convex curves 29a, 29b of the first concave area 24 extends in the lateral direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13b.

[0052] In the steel damper 10B, the right and left halves of the first concave area 24 formed in an oval shape are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetry across the first vertical center line N1) with respect to the first vertical center line N1 (dotted line) that divides the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b in the width direction. In the steel damper 10B, an axis L3 (long axis) connecting the centers of the convex curves 29a, 29b of the first concave area 24 extends on the first vertical center line N1. Note that when the damper panel 13b is formed horizontally, the axis L3 (long axis) connecting the centers of the convex curves 29a, 29b of the first concave area 24 is perpendicular to the first vertical center line N1.

[0053] In the steel damper 10B, the straight lines 30a, 30b (part of the outer periphery) of the first concave area 24 formed in an oval shape are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b, and extend parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b. When the damper panel 13b is formed horizontally, the convex curves 29a, 29b (part of the outer periphery) of the first concave area 24 formed in an oval shape are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b, and extend parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b.

[0054] A second concave area 27 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b, which is concave from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20. The second concave area 27 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the steel damper 10B is an oval shape that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) and has convex curves 29a, 29b facing each other and straight lines 30a, 30b facing each other, when viewed from the front from the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the oval-shaped second concave area 27 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b is 90 to 98%. A preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the oval-shaped second concave area 27 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b is 96 to 98%.

[0055] The concave shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13b or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Note that the concave shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13b or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (toric surface, symmetric aspheric surface, asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26.

[0056] In the steel damper 10B, the center 26 of the second concave surface area 27 formed in an oval shape coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b. One of the convex curves 29a, 29b facing each other is convex in the vertical direction toward the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13b, and the other convex curve 29b is convex in the vertical direction toward the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13b, and one of the straight lines 30a, 30b facing each other is linearly extending in the vertical direction and parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13b, and the other straight line 30b is linearly extending in the vertical direction and parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13b. An axis L3 (long axis) connecting the centers of the convex curves 29a, 29b of the oval-shaped second concave surface area 27 extends in the vertical direction (up and down direction) of the damper panel 13c.

[0057] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13b is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the second concave area 27 is formed into an oval shape that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction), one of the opposing convex curves 29a, 29b of the second concave area 27 is convex in the horizontal direction (width direction) toward one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13b, the other convex curve 29b of the second concave area 27 is convex in the horizontal direction (width direction) toward the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13b, one straight line 30a of the opposing straight lines 30a, 30b extends straight in the horizontal direction and is parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13b, and the other straight line 30b extends straight in the horizontal direction and is parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13b. Furthermore, an axis L3 (long axis) connecting the centers of the convex curves 29a, 29b of the second concave area 27 extends in the lateral direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13b.

[0058] In the steel damper 10B, the right and left halves of the second concave surface area 27 formed in an oval shape are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetry across the second vertical center line N2) with respect to the second vertical center line N2 that bisects the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b in the width direction. In the steel damper 10B, an axis L3 (long axis) connecting the centers of the convex curves 29a, 29b of the second concave surface area 27 extends on the second vertical center line N2. Note that when the damper panel 13b is formed horizontally elongated, the axis L3 (long axis) connecting the centers of the convex curves 29a, 29b of the second concave surface area 27 is perpendicular to the second vertical center line N2.

[0059] In the steel damper 10B, the straight lines 30a, 30b (part of the outer periphery) of the second concave surface area 27 formed in an oval shape are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b, and extend parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b. When the damper panel 13b is formed horizontally, the convex curves 29a, 29b (part of the outer periphery) of the second concave surface area 27 formed in an oval shape are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b, and extend parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b. The first oval concave surface area 24 and the second oval concave surface area 27 of the steel damper 10B have the same shape and size and are arranged symmetrically in the front-rear direction of the damper panel 13b.

[0060] In the shear panel damper 10B, when vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like, relative displacement between the first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) and the second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) of the building causes plastic deformation of at least one of the first concave surface area 24 which is shaped (formed) in an oval shape over almost the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b and the second concave surface area 27 which is shaped (formed) in an oval shape over almost the entire rear surface 27 of the damper panel 13b, and the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 exhibit a seismic control function.

[0061] When an external force acting upon the occurrence of vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper 10B as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, at least one of the first concave area 24 having an oval concave shape formed over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13b and the second concave area 27 having an oval concave shape formed over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13b is surely plastically deformed, and the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 exert a vibration control function. Therefore, the first concave area 24 having an oval concave shape and the second concave area 27 having an oval concave shape of the damper panel 13b can efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy), and the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 can be utilized to sufficiently attenuate the vibration energy (earthquake energy), while minimizing deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake).

[0062] In the steel damper 10B, the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 are formed into an oval concave shape consisting of opposing convex curves 29a, 29b and opposing straight lines 30a, 30b, so that the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces 20, 21 of the vertically (or horizontally) elongated damper panel 13b. This makes it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire damper panel 13b as an area capable of plastic deformation, and since the entire damper panel 13b undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, it is possible to reliably damp vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs.

[0063] Fig. 7 is a front view of a steel damper 10C shown as another example, and Fig. 8 is a rear view of the steel damper 10C shown as another example. In Figs. 7 and 8, the up-down direction (vertical direction) is indicated by an arrow X, and the width direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by an arrow Y. Note that the cross sections of the steel damper 10C in the vertical and horizontal directions are the same as those in Figs. 3 and 4.

[0064] The steel damper 10F shown in Figures 7 and 8 is different from that shown in Figure 1 in that the concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the damper panel 13c is formed (formed) into a rectangle long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) with a chamfered corner 36, and the concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the damper panel 13c is formed (formed) into a rectangle long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) with a chamfered corner 31, and the other configurations are the same as those of the steel damper 10A in Figure 1. The steel damper 10C (shear type panel damper) is formed from a first connection panel 11 having a predetermined thickness, a second connection panel 12 having a predetermined thickness and located on the opposite side of the first connection panel 11, and a damper panel 13c having a predetermined thickness, extending between the first and second connection panels 11, 12, and formed vertically long.

[0065] A first concave area 24 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c, the first concave area 24 being concave from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21. The first concave area 24 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the steel damper 10C is a rectangle long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) having mutually opposed long sides 32a, 32b and mutually opposed short sides 33a, 33b, which is formed (formed) on substantially the entire front surface 20, when viewed from the front of the damper panel 13c, and the corners 36 (four corners) are chamfered. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the rectangular first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c is 90 to 98%. A preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the rectangular first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c is 96 to 98%.

[0066] The shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13c or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Note that the shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13c or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (toric surface, symmetric aspheric surface, asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26.

[0067] In the steel damper 10C, the center 26 of the first concave area 24 formed into a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c. One long side 32a of the opposing long sides 32a, 32b is parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13c, the other long side 32b of the opposing long sides 32a, 32b is parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13c, one short side 33a of the opposing short sides 33a, 33b is parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13c, and the other short side 33b of the opposing short sides 33a, 33b is parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13c. An axis L4 (long axis) connecting the short sides 33a, 33b of the rectangular first concave area 24 with chamfered corners 31 extends in the vertical direction (up and down direction) of the damper panel 13c, and an axis L5 (short axis) connecting the long sides 32a, 32b of the rectangular first concave area 24 with chamfered corners 31 extends in the horizontal direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13c.

[0068] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13c is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the first concave area 24 is formed into a rectangle that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction) with the corners 31 chamfered, one short side 33a of the opposing short sides 33a, 33b is parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13c, the other short side 33b of the opposing short sides 33a, 33b is parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13c, one long side 32a of the opposing long sides 32a, 32b is parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13c, and the other long side 32b of the opposing long sides 32a, 32b is parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13c. An axis L4 (long axis) connecting the short sides 33a, 33b of the rectangular first concave area 24 with chamfered corners 31 extends in the horizontal direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13c, and an axis L5 (short axis) connecting the long sides 32a, 32b of the rectangular first concave area 24 with chamfered corners 31 extends in the vertical direction (up and down direction) of the damper panel 13c.

[0069] In the steel damper 10C, the right and left halves of the first concave area 24 formed in a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the first vertical center line N1) with respect to a first vertical center line N1 (dotted line) that bisects the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c in the width direction. In the steel damper 10C, an axis L4 (long axis) connecting the short sides 33a, 33b of the first concave area 24 extends on the first vertical center line N1. Note that when the damper panel 13c is formed horizontally, the axis L4 (long axis) connecting the short sides 33a, 33b of the first concave area 24 is perpendicular to the first vertical center line N1.

[0070] In the steel damper 10C, the opposing long sides 32a, 32b of the first concave area 24 formed into a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c, and extend parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c. When the damper panel 13c is formed horizontally, the opposing short sides 33a, 33b of the first concave area 24 formed into a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c, and extend parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c.

[0071] A second concave area 27 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c, the second concave area 27 being concave from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20. The second concave area 27 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the steel damper 10C is a vertically (up-down) long rectangle having mutually opposed long sides 32a, 32b and mutually opposed short sides 33a, 33b, which is formed (created) on substantially the entire rear surface 21, when viewed from the front from the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c, and has chamfered corners 31 (four corners). The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the rectangular second recessed area 27 with chamfered corners 31 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c is 90 to 98%. Note that the preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the rectangular second recessed area 27 with chamfered corners 31 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c is 96 to 98%.

[0072] The shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13c or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Note that the shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13c or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (toric surface, symmetric aspheric surface, asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26.

[0073] In the steel damper 10C, the center 26 of the second concave area 27 formed in a rectangular shape with chamfered corners 31 coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c. One long side 32a of the opposing long sides 32a, 32b is parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13c, the other long side 32b of the opposing long sides 32a, 32b is parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13c, one short side 33a of the opposing short sides 33a, 33b is parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13c, and the other short side 33b of the opposing short sides 33a, 33b is parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13c. An axis L4 (long axis) connecting the short sides 33a, 33b of the rectangular second concave area 27 with chamfered corners 31 extends in the vertical direction (up and down direction) of the damper panel 13c, and an axis L5 (short axis) connecting the long sides 32a, 32b of the rectangular second concave area 27 with chamfered corners 31 extends in the horizontal direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13c.

[0074] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13c is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the second concave area 27 is formed into a rectangle that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction) with the corners 31 chamfered, and one of the opposing short sides 33a, 33b is parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13c, the other of the opposing short sides 33a, 33b is parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13c, one of the opposing long sides 32a, 32b is parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13c, and the other of the opposing long sides 32a, 32b is parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13c. An axis L4 (long axis) connecting the short sides 33a, 33b of the rectangular second concave area 27 with chamfered corners 31 extends in the horizontal direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13c, and an axis L5 (short axis) connecting the long sides 32a, 32b of the rectangular second concave area 27 with chamfered corners 31 extends in the vertical direction (up and down direction) of the damper panel 13c.

[0075] In the steel damper 10C, the right and left halves of the second concave area 27 formed in a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to a second vertical center line N2 (dotted line) that bisects the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c in the width direction. In the steel damper 10C, an axis L4 (long axis) connecting the short sides 33a, 33b of the second concave area 27 extends on the second vertical center line N2. If the damper panel 13c is formed horizontally, the axis L4 (long axis) connecting the short sides 33a, 33b of the second concave area 27 is perpendicular to the second vertical center line N2.

[0076] In the steel damper 10C, the opposing long sides 32a, 32b of the second concave area 27 formed into a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c, and extend parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c. When the damper panel 13c is formed horizontally, the opposing short sides 33a, 33b of the second concave area 27 formed into a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c, and extend parallel to both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c. The first rectangular concave area 24 of the steel damper 10C, whose corners 31 are chamfered, and the second rectangular concave area 27, whose corners 31 are chamfered, are the same shape and size as each other and are arranged symmetrically in the front-to-back direction of the damper panel 13c.

[0077] In the shear panel damper 10C, when vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like, relative displacement between the first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) and the second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) of the building causes plastic deformation of at least one of the first concave surface area 24, which is shaped (formed) into a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 over almost the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c, and the second concave surface area 27, which is shaped (formed) into a rectangle with chamfered corners 31 over almost the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c, so that the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 exhibit a seismic control function.

[0078] When an external force acting upon the steel damper 10C during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, at least one of a first concave area 24 having a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners 31 formed over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13c and a second concave area 27 having a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners 31 formed over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13c is surely plastically deformed, and the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 are controlled. Because the damper panel 13c has a seismic function, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be efficiently absorbed in the first concave area 24, which has a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners 31, and the second concave area 27, which has a rectangular concave shape with chamfered corners 31.The vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be sufficiently damped by utilizing the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27, and deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake) can be minimized.

[0079] In the steel damper 10C, the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 are formed into a rectangular concave shape having opposing long sides 32a, 32b and opposing short sides 33a, 33b with chamfered corners 31, so that the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces 20, 21 of the vertically (or horizontally) elongated damper panel 13c. This makes it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire damper panel 13c as an area capable of plastic deformation, and since the entire damper panel 13f undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be reliably damped when vibration occurs.

[0080] Fig. 9 is a front view of a steel damper 10D shown as another example, and Fig. 10 is a rear view of a steel damper 10H shown as another example. In Figs. 9 and 10, the up-down direction (vertical direction) is indicated by arrow X, and the width direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by arrow Y. Note that the cross sections of the steel damper 10D in the vertical and horizontal directions are the same as those in Figs. 3 and 4.

[0081] The steel damper 10D shown in Figures 9 and 10 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that the concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the damper panel 13d is shaped (formed) into a hexagon (polygon) that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction), and the concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the damper panel 13d is shaped (formed) into a hexagon (polygon) that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction), and the other configurations are the same as those of the steel damper 10A shown in Figure 1. The steel damper 10D (shear type panel damper) is formed of a first connection panel 11 having a predetermined thickness, a second connection panel 12 having a predetermined thickness and located on the opposite side of the first connection panel 11, and a damper panel 13d having a predetermined thickness, extending between the first and second connection panels 11, 12, and shaped vertically.

[0082] A first concave area 24 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d, the first concave area 24 being concave from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21. The first concave area 24 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the steel damper 10D is a hexagon (polygon) that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) when viewed from the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the hexagonal first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d is 70 to 93%. The preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the hexagonal first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d is 90 to 93%.

[0083] The shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13d or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Note that the shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13d or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26.

[0084] In the steel damper 10D, the center 26 of the first concave area 24 formed in a hexagon coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d. In the first concave area 24 formed in a hexagon, one acute angle 34a of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b faces so as to be convex toward the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13d, the other acute angle 34b of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b faces so as to be convex toward the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13d, one side 35a of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b extends parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13d, and the other side 35b of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b extends parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13d. An axis L6 (long axis) connecting the acute angles 34a, 34b of the hexagonal first concave area 24 extends in the vertical direction (up-down direction) of the damper panel 13d.

[0085] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13d is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the first concave area 24 is formed into a hexagon that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction), one acute angle 34a of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b faces so as to be convex toward one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13d, the other acute angle 34b of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b faces so as to be convex toward the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13d, one side 35a of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b extends parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13d, and the other side 35b of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b extends parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13d. An axis L6 (long axis) connecting the acute angles 34a, 34b of the hexagonal first concave area 24 extends in the lateral direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13d.

[0086] In the steel damper 10D, the right and left halves of the first concave surface area 24 formed in a hexagonal shape are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the first vertical center line N1) with respect to a first vertical center line N1 (dotted line) that bisects the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d in the width direction. In the steel damper 10D, an axis L6 (long axis) connecting the acute angles 34a, 34b of the first concave surface area 24 extends on the first vertical center line N1. Note that, when the damper panel 13d is formed horizontally, the axis L6 (long axis) connecting the acute angles 34a, 34b of the first concave surface area 24 is perpendicular to the first vertical center line N1.

[0087] In the steel damper 10D, one side 35a of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b of the first concave area 24 which is shaped like a hexagon is located near one outer edge 18 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d, and the other side 35b of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b of the first concave area 24 is located near the other outer edge 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d. Furthermore, when the damper panel 13d is formed horizontally, one acute angle 34a (two sides forming the acute angle 34a) of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b of the first concave area 24 formed into a hexagon is located near one outer edge 18 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d, and the other acute angle 34b (two sides forming the acute angle 34b) of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b of the first concave area 24 is located near the other outer edge 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d.

[0088] A second concave area 27 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d, the second concave area 27 being concave from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20. The second concave area 27 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the steel damper 10D is a hexagon (polygon) that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) when viewed from the front from the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the hexagonal second concave area 27 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d is 70 to 93%. The preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the hexagonal second concave area 27 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d is 90 to 93%.

[0089] The shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13d or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Note that the shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13d or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (toric surface, symmetric aspheric surface, asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26.

[0090] In the steel damper 10D, the center 26 of the second concave surface area 27 formed in a hexagon coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d. In the second concave surface area 27 formed in a hexagon, one acute angle 34a of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b faces so as to be convex toward the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13d, the other acute angle 34b of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b faces so as to be convex toward the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13d, one side 35a of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b extends parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13d, and the other side 35b of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b extends parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13d. An axis L6 (long axis) connecting the acute angles 34a, 34b of the hexagonal second concave surface area 27 extends in the vertical direction (up-down direction) of the damper panel 13d.

[0091] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13d is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the second concave area 27 is formed into a hexagon that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction), one acute angle 34a of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b faces so as to be convex toward one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13d, the other acute angle 34b of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b faces so as to be convex toward the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13d, one side 35a of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b extends parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13d, and the other side 35b of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b extends parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13d. An axis L6 (long axis) connecting the acute angles 34a, 34b of the hexagonal second concave area 27 extends in the lateral direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13d.

[0092] In the steel damper 10D, the right and left halves of the second concave surface area 27 formed in a hexagonal shape are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to the second vertical center line N2 (dash line) that divides the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d in the width direction. In the steel damper 10D, the axis L6 (long axis) connecting the acute angles 34a, 34b of the second concave surface area 27 extends on the second vertical center line N2. Note that when the damper panel 13d is formed horizontally, the axis L6 (long axis) connecting the acute angles 34a, 34b of the second concave surface area 27 is perpendicular to the second vertical center line N2.

[0093] In the steel damper 10D, one side 35a of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b of the second concave area 27 which is shaped like a hexagon is located near one outer edge 18 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d, and the other side 35b of the two opposing sides 35a, 35b of the second concave area 27 is located near the other outer edge 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d. In addition, when the damper panel 13d is formed horizontally, one acute angle 34a (two sides forming the acute angle 34a) of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b of the hexagonally shaped second concave area 27 is located near one outer edge 18 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d, and the other acute angle 34b (two sides forming the acute angle 34b) of the opposing acute angles 34a, 34b of the second concave area 27 is located near the other outer edge 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d. The hexagonal first concave area 24 and the hexagonal second concave area 27 of the steel damper 10D have the same shape and size and are arranged symmetrically in the front-to-rear direction of the damper panel 13d.

[0094] In the shear panel damper 10D, when vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like, relative displacement between the first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) and the second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) of the building causes plastic deformation of at least one of the first concave surface area 24, which is shaped (formed) in a hexagonal shape over almost the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d, and the second concave surface area 27, which is shaped (formed) in a hexagonal shape over almost the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d, so that the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 exhibit a seismic control function.

[0095] When an external force acting upon the occurrence of vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper 10D as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, at least one of the first concave area 24 having a hexagonal (polygonal) concave shape formed over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13d and the second concave area 27 having a hexagonal (polygonal) concave shape formed over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13d is reliably plastically deformed, and the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 exert a vibration control function. Therefore, the first concave area 24 having a hexagonal concave shape and the second concave area 27 having a hexagonal concave shape of the damper panel 13d can efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy), and the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 can be utilized to sufficiently attenuate the vibration energy (earthquake energy), while minimizing deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake).

[0096] In the steel damper 10D, the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 are formed into a hexagonal (polygonal) concave shape that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction), so that the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces 20, 21 of the vertically (or horizontally) elongated damper panel 13d. This makes it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire damper panel 13d as an area that can be plastically deformed, and since the entire damper panel 13d undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, it is possible to reliably damp vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs.

[0097] Fig. 11 is a front view of a steel damper 10E shown as another example, and Fig. 12 is a rear view of the steel damper 10E shown as another example. In Figs. 11 and 12, the up-down direction (vertical direction) is indicated by arrow X, and the width direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by arrow Y. Note that the cross sections of the steel damper 10E in the vertical and horizontal directions are the same as those in Figs. 3 and 4.

[0098] The steel damper 10E shown in Figures 11 and 12 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that the concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the damper panel 13e is shaped (formed) into an octagon (polygon) that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction), and the concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the damper panel 13e is shaped (formed) into an octagon (polygon) that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction), and the other configurations are the same as those of the steel damper 10A shown in Figure 1. The steel damper 10E (shear type panel damper) is formed of a first connection panel 11 having a predetermined thickness, a second connection panel 12 having a predetermined thickness and located on the opposite side of the first connection panel 11, and a damper panel 13e having a predetermined thickness, extending between the first and second connection panels 11, 12, and formed vertically elongated.

[0099] A first concave area 24 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e, the first concave area 24 being concave from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21. The first concave area 24 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the steel damper 10E is an octagon (polygon) that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) when viewed from the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the octagonal first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e is 80 to 97%. The preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the octagonal first concave area 24 to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e is 95 to 97%.

[0100] The shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13e or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Note that the shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13e or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the first concave area 24 toward the center 26.

[0101] In the steel damper 10E, the center 26 of the first concave area 24 formed in an octagon coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e. In the first concave area 24 formed in an octagon, one short side 36a of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b extends parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13e, the other short side 36b of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b extends parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13e, one long side 37a of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b extends parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13e, and the other long side 37b of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b extends parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13e. An axis L7 (long axis) connecting the centers of the short sides 36a, 36b of the octagonal first concave area 24 extends in the vertical direction (up-down direction) of the damper panel 13e.

[0102] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13e is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the first concave area 24 is formed into an octagon that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction), with one short side 36a of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b extending parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13e, the other short side 36b of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b extending parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13e, one long side 37a of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b extending parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13e, and the other long side 37b of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b extending parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13e. An axis L7 (long axis) connecting the centers of the short sides 36a, 36b of the octagonal first concave area 24 extends in the lateral direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13e.

[0103] In the steel damper 10E, the right and left halves of the first concave area 24 formed in an octagonal shape are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the first vertical center line N1) with respect to a first vertical center line N1 (dotted line) that bisects the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e in the width direction. In the steel damper 10E, an axis L7 (long axis) connecting the short sides 36a, 36b of the first concave area 24 extends on the first vertical center line N1. Note that, when the damper panel 13e is formed horizontally, the axis L7 (long axis) connecting the short sides 36a, 36b of the first concave area 24 is perpendicular to the first vertical center line N1.

[0104] In the steel damper 10E, one long side 37a of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b of the first concave area 24 formed in an octagonal shape is located near one outer edge 18 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e, and the other long side 37b of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b of the first concave area is located near the other outer edge 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e. When the damper panel 13e is formed horizontally, one short side 36a of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b of the first concave area 24 formed in an octagonal shape is located near one outer edge 18 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e, and the other short side 36b of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b of the first concave area 24 is located near the other outer edge 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e.

[0105] A second concave area 27 having a predetermined area is formed (created) on substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e, the second concave area 27 being concave from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20. The second concave area 27 is formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 gradually increases from the outer periphery 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the steel damper 10E is an octagon (polygon) that is long in the vertical direction (up and down direction) when viewed from the front from the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the octagonal second concave area 27 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e is 80 to 97%. The preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the octagonal second concave area 27 to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e is 95 to 97%.

[0106] The shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13e or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Note that the shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13e or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (toric surface, symmetric aspheric surface, asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the outer circumferential edge 25 of the second concave area 27 toward the center 26.

[0107] In the steel damper 10E, the center 26 of the second concave area 27 formed in an octagon coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e. In the second concave area 27 formed in an octagon, one short side 36a of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b extends parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13e, the other short side 36b of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b extends parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13e, one long side 37a of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b extends parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13e, and the other long side 37b of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b extends parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13e. An axis L7 (long axis) connecting the centers of the short sides 36a, 36b of the octagonal second concave area 27 extends in the vertical direction (up-down direction) of the damper panel 13e.

[0108] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13e is formed horizontally, the concave shape of the second concave area 27 is formed into an octagon that is long in the horizontal direction (width direction), with one short side 36a of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b extending parallel to one outer edge 18 of the damper panel 13e, the other short side 36b of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b extending parallel to the other outer edge 19 of the damper panel 13e, one long side 37a of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b extending parallel to the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13e, and the other long side 37b of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b extending parallel to the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13e. An axis L7 (long axis) connecting the centers of the short sides 36a, 36b of the octagonal second concave area 27 extends in the lateral direction (width direction) of the damper panel 13e.

[0109] In the steel damper 10E, the right and left halves of the second concave surface area 27 formed in an octagonal shape are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to a second vertical center line N2 (dotted line) that bisects the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e in the width direction. In the steel damper 10E, an axis L7 (long axis) connecting the short sides 36a, 36b of the second concave surface area 27 extends on the second vertical center line N2. Note that when the damper panel 13e is formed horizontally, the axis L7 (long axis) connecting the short sides 36a, 36b of the second concave surface area 27 is perpendicular to the second vertical center line N2.

[0110] In the steel damper 10E, one long side 37a of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b of the second concave area 27 formed in an octagonal shape is located near one outer edge 18 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e, and the other long side 37b of the opposing long sides 37a, 37b of the second concave area 27 is located near the other outer edge 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e. When the damper panel 13e is formed horizontally, one short side 36a of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b of the second concave area 27 formed in an octagonal shape is located near one outer edge 18 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e, and the other short side 36b of the opposing short sides 36a, 36b of the second concave area 27 is located near the other outer edge 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e. The first octagonal concave area 24 and the second octagonal concave area 27 of the steel damper 10E have the same shape and size and are arranged symmetrically in the front-rear direction of the damper panel 13e.

[0111] In the shear panel damper 10E, when vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like, relative displacement between the first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) and the second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) of the building causes plastic deformation of at least one of the first concave area 24, which is shaped (formed) in an octagonal shape over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e, and the second concave area 27, which is shaped (formed) in an octagonal shape over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e, so that the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 exhibit a vibration control function.

[0112] When an external force acting upon the occurrence of vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper 10E as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, at least one of the first concave area 24 having an octagonal (polygonal) concave shape formed over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13e and the second concave area 27 having an octagonal (polygonal) concave shape formed over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13e is reliably plastically deformed, and the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 exert a vibration control function. Therefore, the first concave area 24 having an octagonal concave shape and the second concave area 27 having an octagonal concave shape of the damper panel 13e can efficiently absorb vibration energy (earthquake energy), and the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 can be utilized to sufficiently attenuate the vibration energy (earthquake energy), while minimizing deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake).

[0113] In the steel damper 10E, the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 are formed into an octagonal (polygonal) concave shape that is long in the vertical direction (up and down), so that the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces 20, 21 of the vertically (or horizontally) elongated damper panel 13e. This makes it possible to effectively and maximally utilize the entire damper panel 13e as an area that can be plastically deformed, and since the entire damper panel 13e undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, it is possible to reliably damp vibration energy (earthquake energy) when vibration occurs.

[0114] Fig. 13 is a front view of a steel damper 10F shown as another example, and Fig. 14 is a rear view of the steel damper 10F shown as another example. Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in Fig. 13, and Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in Fig. 13. In Figs. 13 to 16, the up-down direction (vertical direction) is indicated by arrow X, the width direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by arrow Y, and the front-rear direction is indicated by arrow Z.

[0115] The steel damper 10F shown in Figures 13 and 14 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that the concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the damper panel 13f is a perfect circle, and three (plural) first concave areas 24a to 24c made of perfect circles are arranged vertically (up and down), and the concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the damper panel 13f is a perfect circle, and three (plural) second concave areas 27a to 27c made of perfect circles are arranged vertically (up and down), and the other configurations are the same as those of the steel damper 10A shown in Figure 1. The steel damper 10F (shear type panel damper) is formed from a first connection panel 11 having a predetermined thickness, a second connection panel 12 having a predetermined thickness and positioned on the opposite side of the first connection panel 11, and a damper panel 13f having a predetermined thickness, extending between the first and second connection panels 11 and 12, and formed vertically elongated.

[0116] Three (plural) first concave areas 24a-24c having a predetermined area are formed (created) on substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f, the first concave areas 24a-24c being concave from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21. The first concave areas 24a-24c are formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 gradually increases from the circumference (outer peripheral edge) of the first concave areas 24a-24c toward the center. The concave shape of the first concave areas 24a-24c of the steel damper 10F is a perfect circle with a predetermined area when viewed from the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f.

[0117] In the damper panel 13f, three (plural) first concave areas 24a-24c each having a perfect circle are arranged vertically (up and down) on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f with partial overlapping, spaced apart by a predetermined distance (equal or different intervals). The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the first concave areas 24a-24c to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f is 80-95%. The preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the first concave areas 24a-24c to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f is 93-95%.

[0118] The first concave surface area 24b, which is located in the middle of the three first concave surface areas 24a to 24c, is located in the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f, one of the other two first concave surface areas 24a, 24c, which is located in the middle, is connected upward in the vertical direction from the first concave surface area 24b and is located on the side of the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13f, and the other of the other two first concave surface areas 24a, 24c, which is located in the middle, is connected downward in the vertical direction from the first concave surface area 24b and is located on the side of the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f. The first concave surface area 24a that is connected upward in the vertical direction to the first concave surface area 24b located in the middle, and the first concave surface area 24c that is connected downward in the vertical direction, have their circumferences (outer edges) abutting at the center of the central first concave surface area 24b, and approximately the lower half of the first concave surface area 24a that is connected upward in the vertical direction and approximately the upper half of the first concave surface area 24c that is connected downward in the vertical direction overlap with the central first concave surface area 24b.

[0119] Of the three first concave surface areas 24a to 24c, the radius of the first concave surface area 24b located in the middle of the damper panel 13f is larger than the radius of the first concave surface area 24a located on the side of the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13f and the radius of the first concave surface area 24c located on the side of the lower edge 17, and the area of ​​the first concave surface area 24a located in the middle is larger than the area of ​​the first concave surface area 24a located on the side of the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13f and the area of ​​the first concave surface area 24c located on the side of the lower edge 17. Furthermore, the recess dimension of the first concave surface area 24b from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 is larger than the recess dimensions of the first concave surface area 24a and the first concave surface area 24c from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21.

[0120] The radius of the first recessed surface area 24a located in the center of the damper panel 13f may be the same as the radius of the first recessed surface areas 24a, 24c located on the sides of the upper edge 16 and lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f, and the area of ​​the first recessed surface area 24b located in the center may be the same as the area of ​​the first recessed surface areas 24a, 24c located on the sides of the upper edge 16 and lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f. The recess dimension from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21 of the first recessed surface area 24b may be the same as the recess dimension from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21 of the first recessed surface area 24a and the first recessed surface area 24c.

[0121] Furthermore, the radius of the first recessed surface areas 24a, 24c located on the sides of the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f may be larger than the radius of the first recessed surface area 24b located in the center of the damper panel 13f, and the area of ​​the first recessed surface areas 24a, 24c located on the sides of the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f may be larger than the area of ​​the first recessed surface area 24b located in the center. The recessed dimension of the first recessed surface area 24a and the first recessed surface area 24c from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21 may be larger than the recessed dimension of the first recessed surface area 24b from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21.

[0122] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13f is formed horizontally, the three (multiple) first concave areas 24a to 24c, which are made of perfect circles, are arranged on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f in a partially overlapping state, with a predetermined distance (equally spaced or at different intervals) between them in the horizontal direction (width direction). The true circular first concave surface area 24b located in the middle of the three true circular first concave surface areas 24a to 24c is located in the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f, one of the other two first concave surface areas 24a, 24c is located on one outer edge 18 side of the damper panel 13f, and the other of the other two first concave surface areas 24a, 24c is located on the other outer edge 19 side of the damper panel 13f, continuing laterally to the left from the central first concave surface area 24b. The first concave surface area 24a continuing to the left in the horizontal direction and the first concave surface area 24c continuing to the right in the horizontal direction with respect to the first concave surface area 24b located in the middle are such that the circumferences of these first concave surface areas 24a, 24c abut at the center of the middle first concave surface area 24b, and approximately the lower half of the first concave surface area 24a continuing to the left in the horizontal direction and approximately the upper half of the first concave surface area 24c continuing to the right in the horizontal direction overlap with the middle first concave surface area 24b.

[0123] The three first concave areas 24a to 24c have a spherical shape of a concave lens as seen from the side of the damper panel 13f or the front side from the first and second connecting panels 11, 12, as shown in Figures 15 and 16. Note that the three first concave areas 24a to 24c have a spherical shape of a concave lens as seen from the side of the damper panel 13f or the front side from the first and second connecting panels 11, 12, and may have an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may have an inclined surface shape that slopes downward from the outer periphery (circumference) of the first concave areas 24a to 24c toward the center.

[0124] In the steel damper 10F, the center of the first concave area 24b located in the middle of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f, among the three (plural) first concave areas 24a-24c arranged vertically (up and down), coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f, and the right and left halves of the three first concave areas 24a-24c arranged vertically are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the first vertical center line N1) with respect to the first vertical center line N1 (dotted chain line) that divides the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f in the width direction. Parts of the circumferences (outer edges) of the first concave areas 24a-24c of the perfect circles are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f.

[0125] In addition, when the damper panel 13f is formed horizontally, the center of the first concave area 24a located in the middle of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f among the three (plural) first concave areas 24a to 24c arranged in the horizontal direction (width direction) coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f, and the right and left halves of the three first concave areas 24a to 24c arranged in the horizontal direction are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the first vertical center line N1) with respect to the first vertical center line N1 (dotted chain line) that divides the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f in the width direction. Parts of the circumferences (outer peripheral edges) of the first concave areas 24a to 24c of the perfect circles are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f.

[0126] Three (plural) second concave areas 27a-27c having a predetermined area are formed (created) on substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f, the second concave areas 27a-27c being concave from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20. The second concave areas 27a-27c are formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 gradually increases from the outer periphery of the second concave areas 27a-27c toward the center. The concave shape of the second concave areas 27a-27c of the steel damper 10F is a perfect circle of a predetermined area when viewed from the front from the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f.

[0127] In the damper panel 13f, three (plural) second concave areas 27a-27c each having a perfect circle are arranged vertically (up and down) at a predetermined distance (equal or different intervals) apart on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f in a partially overlapping state. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the second concave areas 27a-27c to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f is 80-95%. A preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the second concave areas 27a-27c to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f is 93-95%.

[0128] The true circular second concave surface area 27b located in the middle of the three true circular second concave surface areas 27a to 27c is located in the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f, one of the other two second concave surface areas 27a, 27c is connected upward in the vertical direction from the true circular second concave surface area 27b located in the middle and is located on the side of the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13f, and the other of the other two second concave surface areas 27a, 27c is connected downward in the vertical direction from the true circular second concave surface area 27b located in the middle and is located on the side of the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f. The second concave surface area 27a that is connected upward in the vertical direction to the second concave surface area 27b located in the middle and the second concave surface area 27b that is connected downward in the vertical direction have their circumferences (outer edges) abutted at the center of the middle second concave surface area 27b, and approximately the lower half of the second concave surface area 27a that is connected upward in the vertical direction and approximately the upper half of the second concave surface area 27c that is connected downward in the vertical direction overlap with the middle first concave surface area 27b.

[0129] Of the three second concave surface areas 27a to 27c, the radius of the second concave surface area 27b located in the middle of the damper panel 13f is larger than the radius of the second concave surface area 27a located on the upper edge 16 side of the damper panel 13f and the radius of the second concave surface area 27c located on the lower edge 17 side, and the area of ​​the second concave surface area 27b located in the middle is larger than the area of ​​the second concave surface area 27a located on the upper edge 16 side of the damper panel 13f and the area of ​​the second concave surface area 27c located on the lower edge 17 side. Furthermore, the recess dimension of the second concave surface area 27b from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 is larger than the recess dimensions of the second concave surface area 27a and the second concave surface area 27c from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20.

[0130] The radius of the second recessed surface area 27b located in the center of the damper panel 13f may be the same as the radius of the second recessed surface areas 27a, 27c located on the sides of the upper edge 16 and lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f, and the area of ​​the second recessed surface area 27b located in the center may be the same as the area of ​​the second recessed surface areas 27a, 27c located on the sides of the upper edge 16 and lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f. The recess dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 of the second recessed surface area 27b may be the same as the recess dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 of the second recessed surface area 27a and the second recessed surface area 27c.

[0131] In addition, the radius of the second recessed surface areas 27a, 27c located on the sides of the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f may be larger than the radius of the second recessed surface area 27b located in the center of the damper panel 13f, and the area of ​​the second recessed surface areas 27a, 27c located on the sides of the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13f may be larger than the area of ​​the second recessed surface area 27b located in the center. The recess dimension of the second recessed surface area 27a and the second recessed surface area 27c from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 may be larger than the recess dimension of the second recessed surface area 27b from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20.

[0132] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13f is formed horizontally, three (multiple) second concave areas 27a to 27c each consisting of a perfect circle are arranged on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f in a horizontal (width) direction at a predetermined distance (equally spaced or at different distances) in a partially overlapping state. The true circular second concave surface area 27b located in the middle of the three true circular second concave surface areas 27a to 27c is located in the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f, one of the other two second concave surface areas 27a, 27c is connected laterally to the left from the middle second concave surface area 27b and is located on one outer edge 18 side of the damper panel 13f, and the other of the other two second concave surface areas 27a, 27c is connected laterally to the right from the middle second concave surface area 27b and is located on the other outer edge 19 side of the damper panel 13f. The second concave surface area 27a continuing to the left in the horizontal direction and the second concave surface area 27c continuing to the right in the horizontal direction with respect to the second concave surface area 27b located in the middle have their circumferences (outer edges) abutting at the center of the middle second concave surface area 27b, and approximately the lower half of the second concave surface area 27a continuing to the left in the horizontal direction and approximately the upper half of the second concave surface area 27c continuing to the right in the horizontal direction overlap with the middle second concave surface area 27b.

[0133] The three second concave areas 27a to 27c have a spherical shape of a concave lens as seen in front view from the side of the damper panel 13f or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12, as shown in Figures 15 and 16. Note that the three second concave areas 27a to 27c have a spherical shape of a concave lens as seen in front view from the side of the damper panel 13f or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12, and may have an aspheric shape of a concave lens (toric surface, symmetric aspheric surface, asymmetric aspheric surface), or may have an inclined surface shape that slopes downward from the circumference (outer peripheral edge) of the second concave areas 27a to 27c toward the center.

[0134] In the steel damper 10F, the center of the second concave area 27b located in the middle of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f, among the three (plural) second concave areas 27a-27c arranged vertically (up and down), coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f, and the right and left halves of the second concave areas 27a-27c arranged vertically are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to the second vertical center line N2 (dotted chain line) that divides the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f in the width direction. Parts of the circumferences (outer edges) of the second concave areas 27a-27c of the perfect circles are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f.

[0135] In addition, when the damper panel 13f is formed horizontally, the center of the second concave surface area 27b located in the middle of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f among the multiple second concave surface areas 27a to 27c arranged in the horizontal direction (width direction) coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f, and the right and left halves of the multiple second concave surface areas 27a to 27c arranged in the horizontal direction are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to the second vertical center line N2 that divides the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f in the width direction. Parts of the circumferences (outer edges) of the second concave surface areas 27a to 27c of the perfect circles are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f. The three first recessed surface areas 24a to 24c aligned vertically of the steel damper 10F and the three second recessed surface areas 27a to 27c aligned vertically have the same shape and size, and are aligned symmetrically in the front-rear direction of the damper panel 13f.

[0136] When vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like, relative displacement between the first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) and the second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) of the building occurs in the shear panel damper 10F, whereby at least one of the three (multiple) first concave surface areas 24a-24c in the form of vertically aligned perfect circles molded (formed) over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f and the three (multiple) second concave surface areas 27a-27c in the form of vertically aligned perfect circles molded (formed) over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f undergoes plastic deformation, and the first concave surface areas 24a-24c and the second concave surface areas 27a-27c exhibit a vibration control function.

[0137] When an external force acting upon vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper 10F as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, at least one of the three (plural) first concave areas 24a to 24c of perfect circles arranged in a state partially overlapping each other in the vertical direction (up-down direction) formed over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f and the three (plural) second concave areas 27a to 27c of perfect circles arranged in a state partially overlapping each other in the vertical direction (up-down direction) formed over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f is surely plastically deformed, and the first concave areas 24 Since the three first concave areas 24a to 24c and the three second concave areas 27a to 27c of a perfect circular concave shape of the damper panel 13f exhibit a vibration control function, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be efficiently absorbed by the three first concave areas 24a to 24c and the three second concave areas 27a to 27c of a perfect circular concave shape, and the vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be sufficiently damped by utilizing the plastic deformation of the first concave areas 24a to 24c and the second concave areas 27a to 27c, while deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake) can be minimized.

[0138] In the steel damper 10F, the first concave areas 24a to 24c and the second concave areas 27a to 27c are formed in a perfect circle, and the three (plural) first concave areas 24a to 24c having a perfect circular concave shape are arranged in a state where they partially overlap each other in the vertical direction (up and down direction) on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13f, and the three (plural) second concave areas 27a to 27c having a perfect circular concave shape are arranged in a state where they partially overlap each other in the vertical direction (up and down direction) on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13f. Even if the second concave areas 27a-27c are formed into a perfect circle, the first concave areas 24a-24c and the second concave areas 27a-27c can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces 20, 21 of the vertically (or horizontally) elongated damper panel 13f, so that the entire damper panel 13f can be effectively and maximally utilized as a plastically deformable area, and since the entire damper panel 13j undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be reliably damped when vibration occurs.

[0139] Fig. 17 is a front view of a steel damper 10G shown as another example, and Fig. 18 is a rear view of a steel damper 10G shown as another example. Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in Fig. 17, and Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line FF in Fig. 17. In Figs. 17 to 20, the up-down direction (vertical direction) is indicated by arrow X, the width direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by arrow Y, and the front-rear direction is indicated by arrow Z. In addition, in the steel damper 10F, the three circular first concave surface areas 24a-24c and the three second concave surface areas 27a-27c are arranged vertically (up and down), and in the steel damper 10G, the five circular first concave surface areas 24a-24e and the five second concave surface areas 27a-27e are arranged vertically (up and down), but there is no particular limit to the number of first concave surface areas 24 and second concave surface areas 27, and four or six or more first concave surface areas 24 and second concave surface areas 27 may be arranged vertically (or horizontally).

[0140] The steel damper 10G shown in Figures 17 and 18 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that the concave shape of the first concave area 24 of the damper panel 13g is a perfect circle, and five (plural) first concave areas 24a to 24e made of perfect circles are arranged vertically (up and down), and the concave shape of the second concave area 27 of the damper panel 13g is a perfect circle, and five (plural) second concave areas 27a to 27e made of perfect circles are arranged vertically (up and down), and the other configurations are the same as those of the steel damper 10A in Figure 1. The steel damper 10G (shear type panel damper) is formed from a first connection panel 11 having a predetermined thickness, a second connection panel 12 having a predetermined thickness and positioned on the opposite side of the first connection panel 11, and a damper panel 13g having a predetermined thickness, extending between the first and second connection panels 11 and 12, and formed vertically elongated.

[0141] Five (plural) first concave areas 24a-24e having a predetermined area are formed (created) on substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g, which are concave from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21. The first concave areas 24a-24e are formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 gradually increases from the circumference (outer peripheral edge) of the first concave areas 24a-24e toward the center. The concave shape of the first concave areas 24a-24e of the steel damper 10G is a perfect circle with a predetermined area when viewed from the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g.

[0142] In the damper panel 13g, five (plural) first concave areas 24a-24e each having a perfect circle are arranged vertically (up and down) on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g with partial overlapping therebetween at a predetermined distance (equal or different intervals). The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the first concave areas 24a-24e to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g is 80-95%. The preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the first concave areas 24a-24e to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g is 93-95%.

[0143] Of the five first recessed surface areas 24a to 24e each having a perfect circle shape, the first recessed surface area 24c located in the middle is located in the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g. Of the other four first concave surface areas 24a, 24b, 24d, 24e, one perfect circle first concave surface area 24a is connected upward in the vertical direction from the central first concave surface area 24c and is located on the side of the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13g, one perfect circle first concave surface area 24b overlaps with the central first concave surface area 24c and the first concave surface area 24a located on the side of the upper edge 16, one perfect circle first concave surface area 24e is connected downward in the vertical direction from the central first concave surface area 24c and is located on the side of the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13g, and one perfect circle first concave surface area 24d overlaps with the central first concave surface area 24c and the first concave surface area 24e located on the side of the lower edge 17. Approximately half of the first concave area 24a located on the side of the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13g overlaps with the central first concave area 24c, and approximately half of the first concave area 24e located on the side of the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13g overlaps with the central first concave area 24c.

[0144] Among the five first recessed surface areas 24a to 24e, the radius of the first recessed surface area 24c located in the center of the damper panel 13g is larger than the radii of the other four first recessed surface areas 24a, 24b, 24d, 24e, and the area of ​​the first recessed surface area 24c located in the center is larger than the areas of the other four first recessed surface areas 24a, 24b, 24d, 24e. The radius of the first recessed surface areas 24b, 24d is larger than the radius of the first recessed surface areas 24a, 24e located on the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 sides, and the area of ​​the first recessed surface areas 24b, 24d is larger than the area of ​​the first recessed surface areas 24a, 24e located on the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 sides. Furthermore, the recessed dimension of the first concave surface area 24c from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 is larger than the recessed dimension of the first concave surface areas 24a, 24b, 24d, 24e from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21, and the recessed dimension of the first concave surface areas 24b, 24d from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21 is larger than the recessed dimension of the first concave surface areas 24a, 24e from the front surface 20 toward the rear surface 21.

[0145] The radius of the first recessed surface area 24c located in the center of the damper panel 13g may be the same as the radius of the other four first recessed surface areas 24a, 24b, 24d, and 24e, and the area of ​​the first recessed surface area 24c located in the center may be the same as the area of ​​the other four first recessed surface areas 24a, 24b, 24d, and 24e. The recess dimension from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21 of the first recessed surface area 24c located in the center may be the same as the recess dimension from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21 of the other four first recessed surface areas 24a, 24b, 24d, and 24e.

[0146] Also, the radius of at least two of the other four first concave areas 24a, 24b, 24d, 24e may be larger than the radius of the first concave area 24c located in the middle of the damper panel 13g, and the area of ​​at least two of the other four first concave areas 24a, 24b, 24d, 24e may be larger than the area of ​​the first concave area 24c located in the middle. The recess dimension from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21 of at least two of the other four first concave areas 24a, 24b, 24d, 24e may be larger than the recess dimension from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21 of the first concave area 24c.

[0147] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13g is formed horizontally, five (multiple) first concave areas 24a to 24e each consisting of a perfect circle are arranged on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g in a partially overlapping state, spaced a predetermined distance apart (equally spaced or at different intervals) in the horizontal direction (width direction). Of the five first concave surface areas 24a to 24e, the central first concave surface area 24c is located in the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g, the one first concave surface area 24a is connected laterally to the left from the central first concave surface area 24c and is located on one outer edge 18 side of the damper panel 13g, the one first concave surface area 24b is overlapped with the central first concave surface area 24c and the first concave surface area 24a located on the one outer edge 18 side, the one first concave surface area 24e is connected laterally to the right from the central first concave surface area 24c and is located on the other outer edge 19 side of the damper panel 13g, and the one first concave surface area 24d is overlapped with the central first concave surface area 24c and the first concave surface area 24e located on the other outer edge 19 side. Approximately the lower half of the first recessed area 24a continuing to the left in the horizontal direction and approximately the upper half of the first recessed area 24e continuing to the right in the horizontal direction overlap with the central first recessed area 24c.

[0148] The shape of the five first concave areas 24a to 24e when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13g or the front from the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is a spherical shape of a concave lens, as shown in Figures 19 and 20. Note that the shape of the five first concave areas 24a to 24e when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13g or the front from the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only a spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the circumference (outer peripheral edge) of the first concave areas 24a to 24e toward the center.

[0149] In the steel damper 10G, the center of the first concave area 24c located in the middle of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g among the five (plural) first concave areas 24a-24e arranged vertically (up and down) coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g, and the right and left halves of the five first concave areas 24a-24e arranged vertically are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the first vertical center line N1) with respect to the first vertical center line N1 (dotted chain line) that divides the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g in the width direction. Parts of the circumferences (outer edges) of the first concave areas 24a-24e of the perfect circles are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g.

[0150] In addition, when the damper panel 13g is formed horizontally, the center of the first concave area 24c located in the middle of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g among the five (plural) first concave areas 24a to 24e arranged in the horizontal direction (width direction) coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g, and the right and left halves of the five first concave areas 24a to 24e arranged in the horizontal direction are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the first vertical center line N1) with respect to the first vertical center line N1 that divides the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g in the width direction. Parts of the circumferences (outer edges) of the first concave areas 24a to 24e of the perfect circles are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g.

[0151] Five (plural) second concave areas 27a-27e having a predetermined area are formed (created) on substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g, which are concave from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20. The second concave areas 27a-27e are formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 gradually increases from the circumference (outer peripheral edge) of the second concave areas 27a-27e toward the center. The concave shape of the second concave areas 27a-27e of the steel damper 10G is a perfect circle with a predetermined area when viewed from the rear surface 18 of the damper panel 13k.

[0152] In the damper panel 13g, five (plural) second concave areas 27a-27e each having a perfect circle are arranged vertically (up and down) at a predetermined distance (equal or different intervals) apart on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g in a partially overlapping state. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the second concave areas 27a-27c to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g is 80-95%. The preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the second concave areas 27a-27c to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g is 93-95%.

[0153] Of the five second recessed surface areas 27a to 27c each having a perfect circle shape, the second recessed surface area 27c which is located in the middle is located in the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g. Of the other four second concave surface areas 27a, 27b, 27d, 27e, one of the perfect circles, second concave surface area 27a, is connected upward in the vertical direction from the central second concave surface area 27c and is located on the side of the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13g, one of the perfect circles, second concave surface area 27b, overlaps with the central second concave surface area 27c and the second concave surface area 27a located on the side of the upper edge 16, one of the perfect circles, second concave surface area 27e, is connected downward in the vertical direction from the central second concave surface area 27c and is located on the side of the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13g, and one of the perfect circles, second concave surface area 27d, overlaps with the central second concave surface area 27c and the second concave surface area 27e located on the side of the lower edge 17. Approximately half of the second concave area 27a located on the side of the upper edge 16 of the damper panel 13g overlaps with the central second concave area 27c, and approximately half of the second concave area 27e located on the side of the lower edge 17 of the damper panel 13g overlaps with the central second concave area 27c.

[0154] Among the five second recessed surface areas 27a to 27e, the radius of the second recessed surface area 27c located in the center of the damper panel 13g is larger than the radii of the other four second recessed surface areas 27a, 27b, 27d, 27e, and the area of ​​the second recessed surface area 27c located in the center is larger than the area of ​​the other four first recessed surface areas 27a, 27b, 27d, 27e. The radius of the second recessed surface areas 27b, 27d is larger than the radius of the second recessed surface areas 27a, 27e located on the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 sides, and the area of ​​the second recessed surface areas 27b, 27d is larger than the area of ​​the second recessed surface areas 27a, 27e located on the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 sides. Furthermore, the recessed dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 of the second concave surface area 27c is larger than the recessed dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 of the second concave surface areas 27a, 27b, 27d, and 27e, and the recessed dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 of the second concave surface areas 27b and 27d is larger than the recessed dimension from the rear surface 21 toward the front surface 20 of the second concave surface areas 27a and 27e.

[0155] The radius of the second recessed surface area 27c located in the center of the damper panel 13g may be the same as the radius of the other four second recessed surface areas 27a, 27b, 27d, and 27e, and the area of ​​the second recessed surface area 27c located in the center may be the same as the area of ​​the other four second recessed surface areas 27a, 27b, 27d, and 27e. The recess dimension from the rear surface 21 to the front surface 20 of the second recessed surface area 27c located in the center may be the same as the recess dimension from the rear surface 21 to the front surface 20 of the other four second recessed surface areas 27a, 27b, 27d, and 27e.

[0156] In addition, the radius of at least two of the other four second concave areas 27a, 27b, 27d, 27e may be larger than the radius of the second concave area 27c located in the middle of the damper panel 13g, and the area of ​​at least two of the other four second concave areas 27a, 27b, 27d, 27e may be larger than the area of ​​the second concave area 27c located in the middle. The recess dimension from the rear surface 21 to the front surface 20 of at least two of the other four second concave areas 27a, 27b, 27d, 27e may be larger than the recess dimension from the rear surface 21 to the front surface 20 of the second concave area 27c.

[0157] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13g is formed horizontally, five (multiple) second concave areas 27a to 27e, which are made of perfect circles, are arranged on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g at a predetermined distance (equally spaced apart or at different intervals) in the horizontal direction (width direction) with partial overlapping. Of the five second concave surface areas 27a to 27e, the middle second concave surface area 27c is located in the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g, one of the second concave surface areas 27a is connected laterally to the left from the middle second concave surface area 27c and is located on one outer edge 18 side of the damper panel 13g, one of the second concave surface areas 27b is overlapped with the middle second concave surface area 27c and the second concave surface area 27a located on one outer edge 18 side, one of the second concave surface areas 27e is connected laterally to the right from the middle second concave surface area 27c and is located on the other outer edge 19 side of the damper panel 13g, and one of the second concave surface areas 27d is overlapped with the middle second concave surface area 27c and the second concave surface area 27e located on the other outer edge 19 side of the damper panel 13g. Approximately the lower half of the second recessed area 27a continuing to the left in the horizontal direction and approximately the upper half of the second recessed area 27e continuing to the right in the horizontal direction overlap with the central second recessed area 27c.

[0158] The shape of the five second concave areas 27a to 27e when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13g or the front from the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is a spherical shape of a concave lens, as shown in Figures 19 and 20. Note that the shape of the five second concave areas 27a to 27e when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13g or the front from the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only a spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the circumference (outer peripheral edge) of the second concave areas 27a to 27e toward the center.

[0159] In the steel damper 10G, the center of the second concave area 27c located in the middle of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g among the five (plural) second concave areas 27a-27e arranged vertically (up and down) coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g, and the right and left halves of the five second concave areas 27a-27e arranged vertically are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to the second vertical center line N2 (dotted chain line) that divides the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g in the width direction. Parts of the circumferences (outer edges) of the second concave areas 27a-27e of the perfect circles are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g.

[0160] In addition, when the damper panel 13g is formed horizontally, the center of the second concave area 27c located in the middle of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g among the five (plural) second concave areas 27a to 27e of perfect circles arranged in the horizontal direction (width direction) coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g, and the right and left halves of the five second concave areas 27a to 27e of perfect circles arranged in the horizontal direction are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to the second vertical center line N2 that divides the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g in the width direction. Parts of the circumferences (outer edges) of the perfect circles of the second concave areas 27a to 27e are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g. The five first recessed surface areas 24a to 24e aligned in the vertical direction of the steel damper 10G and the five second recessed surface areas 27a to 27e aligned in the vertical direction have the same shape and size, and are aligned symmetrically in the front-rear direction of the damper panel 13g.

[0161] When vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like, relative displacement between the first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) and the second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) of the building occurs in the shear panel damper 10G, whereby at least one of the five (plural) first concave surface areas 24a-24e in the form of vertically aligned perfect circles molded (formed) over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g and the five (plural) second concave surface areas 27a-27e in the form of vertically aligned perfect circles molded (formed) over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g undergoes plastic deformation, and the first concave surface areas 24a-24e and the second concave surface areas 27a-27e exhibit a vibration control function.

[0162] When an external force acting upon the occurrence of vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper 10G as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, at least one of the five (plural) first concave areas 24a to 24e of perfect circles arranged in a state partially overlapping in the vertical direction (up-down direction) formed over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 10g and the five (plural) second concave areas 27a to 27e of perfect circles arranged in a state partially overlapping in the vertical direction (up-down direction) formed over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g is surely plastically deformed, and the first concave areas 24 Since the five first concave areas 24a to 24e and the five second concave areas 27a to 27e of a perfect circular concave shape of the damper panel 13g have a vibration control function, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be efficiently absorbed by the five first concave areas 24a to 24e and the five second concave areas 27a to 27e of a perfect circular concave shape, and the vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be sufficiently damped by utilizing the plastic deformation of the first concave areas 24a to 24e and the second concave areas 27a to 27e, while deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake) can be minimized.

[0163] In the steel damper G, the first concave areas 24a to 24e and the second concave areas 27a to 27e are formed in a perfect circle, and the five (plural) first concave areas 24a to 24e having a perfect circular concave shape are arranged in a state where they are partially overlapped in the vertical direction (up and down direction) on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13g, and the five (plural) second concave areas 27a to 27e having a perfect circular concave shape are arranged in a state where they are partially overlapped in the vertical direction (up and down direction) on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13g. Even if these second concave areas 27a-27e are formed into a perfect circle, the first concave areas 24a-24e and the second concave areas 27a-27e can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces 20, 21 of the vertically (or horizontally) elongated damper panel 13g, so that the entire damper panel 13g can be effectively and maximally utilized as a plastically deformable area, and since the entire damper panel 13g undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be reliably damped when vibration occurs.

[0164] Fig. 21 is a front view of a steel damper 10H shown as another example, and Fig. 22 is a rear view of the steel damper 10H shown as another example. Fig. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line GG in Fig. 21, and Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line HH in Fig. 21. In Figs. 21 to 24, the up-down direction (vertical direction) is indicated by arrow X, the width direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by arrow Y, and the front-rear direction is indicated by arrow Z. There is no particular limitation on the number of first concave surface areas 24 and second concave surface areas 27 of perfect circles that define the loops 38a, 38b.

[0165] The steel damper 10H shown in Figures 21 and 22 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that the first concave area 24 of the damper panel 13h has a concave shape that is a perfect circle, and a plurality of first concave areas 24 made of perfect circles are arranged in a partially overlapping state to form a loop 38a, and the second concave area 27 of the damper panel 13h has a concave shape that is a perfect circle, and a plurality of second concave areas 27 made of perfect circles are arranged in a partially overlapping state to form a loop 48b, and the other configurations are the same as those of the steel damper 10A shown in Figure 1. The steel damper 10H (shear type panel damper) is formed from a first connection panel 11 having a predetermined thickness, a second connection panel 12 having a predetermined thickness and positioned on the opposite side of the first connection panel 11, and a damper panel 13h having a predetermined thickness, extending between the first and second connection panels 11, 12, and formed vertically elongated.

[0166] In substantially the entire area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h, a plurality of first concave areas 24 are arranged in a vertical (up-down) long loop 38a while partially overlapping each other. The first concave areas 24 are formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the front surface 20 to the rear surface 21 gradually increases from the circumference (outer periphery) of the first concave areas 24 toward the center. The concave shape of the first concave areas 24 of the steel damper 10H is a perfect circle of a predetermined area when viewed from the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h. The first concave areas 24 arranged in the loop 38a have the same shape and size (same radius and area), and the centers of the first concave areas 24 that form the vertically long loop 38a are arranged at a predetermined distance (equally spaced or differently spaced) along the loop 38a. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the multiple first recessed areas 24 defining the loop 38a to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h is 80 to 95%. A preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the multiple first recessed areas 24 defining the loop 38a to the total area of ​​the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h is 93 to 95%.

[0167] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13h is formed horizontally, multiple first concave areas 24 each consisting of a perfect circle are arranged in a partially overlapping state on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h, forming a long loop 38a in the horizontal direction (width direction), and the centers of the multiple first concave areas 24 forming the long loop 38a in the horizontal direction are arranged at a predetermined distance (equally spaced apart or at different distances) along the loop 38a.

[0168] The shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13h or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is a spherical shape of a concave lens, as shown in Figures 23 and 24. Note that the shape of the first concave area 24 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13h or the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only a spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the circumference (outer peripheral edge) of the first concave area 24 toward the center.

[0169] In the steel damper 10H, the center of the loop 38a defined by the multiple circular first concave areas 24 coincides with the center of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h, and the right and left halves of the vertically long loop 38a defined by the multiple first concave areas 24 are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the first vertical center line N1) with respect to the first vertical center line N1 (dotted chain line) that bisects the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h in the width direction. Parts of the circumference (outer periphery) of the multiple first concave areas 24 aligned along the loop 38a are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h.

[0170] In substantially the entire area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h, the second concave areas 27 are arranged in a vertical (up-down) long loop 38b while partially overlapping each other. The second concave areas 27 are formed in a predetermined concave shape, and the concave dimension from the rear surface 21 to the front surface 20 gradually increases from the circumference (outer periphery) of the second concave areas 27 toward the center. The concave shape of the second concave areas 27 of the steel damper 10H is a perfect circle of a predetermined area when viewed from the front surface 21 of the damper panel 13h. The second concave areas 27 arranged in the loop 38b have the same shape and size (same radius and area), and the centers of the second concave areas 27 that form the vertically long loop 38b are arranged at a predetermined distance (equally spaced or differently spaced) along the loop 38b. The ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the multiple second recessed areas 27 defining the loop 38b to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h is 80 to 95%. A preferable ratio (area ratio) of the area of ​​the multiple second recessed areas 27 defining the loop 38b to the total area of ​​the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h is 93 to 95%.

[0171] Furthermore, when the damper panel 13h is formed horizontally, multiple second concave areas 27 consisting of perfect circles are arranged in a partially overlapping state, forming a long loop 38b in the horizontal direction (width direction) on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h, and the centers of the multiple second concave areas 27 forming the long loop 38b in the horizontal direction are arranged at a predetermined distance (equally spaced apart or at different distances) along the loop 38b.

[0172] The shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13h or the front from the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 is the spherical shape of a concave lens, as shown in Figures 23 and 24. Note that the shape of the second concave area 27 when viewed from the side of the damper panel 13h or the front from the side of the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 may be not only the spherical shape of a concave lens, but also an aspheric shape of a concave lens (a toric surface, a symmetric aspheric surface, or an asymmetric aspheric surface), or may be an inclined surface that slopes downward from the circumference (outer peripheral edge) of the second concave area 27 toward the center.

[0173] In the steel damper 10H, the center of the loop 38b defined by the multiple circular second concave areas 27 coincides with the center of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h, and the right and left halves of the vertically long loop 38b defined by the multiple second concave areas 27 are in a mirror image relationship (line symmetrical about the second vertical center line N2) with respect to the second vertical center line N2 (dotted chain line) that bisects the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h in the width direction. Parts of the circumference (outer periphery) of the multiple second concave areas 27 aligned along the loop 38b are located near both outer edges 18, 19 of the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h. The vertically long loop 38a formed on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h by the multiple circular first concave areas 24 of the steel damper 10H and the vertically long loop 38b formed on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h by the multiple circular second concave areas 27 are of the same shape and size and are arranged symmetrically in the front-to-rear direction of the damper panel 13h.

[0174] When vibrations occur due to an earthquake or the like, relative displacement between the first structural member (upper structural member or first side structural member) and the second structural member (lower structural member or second side structural member) of the building occurs in the shear panel damper 10H, so that at least one of the multiple first concave surface areas 24 of perfect circles defining loops 38a molded (formed) over almost the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h and the multiple second concave surface areas 27 of perfect circles defining loops 38b molded (formed) over almost the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h undergoes plastic deformation, and these first concave surface areas 24 and these second concave surface areas 27 exert a seismic control function.

[0175] When an external force acting upon the steel damper 10H during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted to the steel damper as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, at least one of the multiple first concave surface areas 24 of perfect circles forming long loops 38a in the vertical direction (up-down direction) formed over substantially the entire front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h and the multiple second concave surface areas 27 of perfect circles forming long loops 38b in the vertical direction (up-down direction) formed over substantially the entire rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h is plastically deformed, and the multiple first concave surface areas 24 of perfect circles forming loops 38a and the loops 38b are deformed. Since the multiple second concave areas 27 having a perfect circular concave shape that defines the loop 38a of the damper panel 13h and the multiple second concave areas 27 having a perfect circular concave shape that defines the loop 38b exhibit a seismic control function, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be efficiently absorbed by the multiple first concave areas 24 having a perfect circular concave shape that defines the loop 38b of the damper panel 13h, and the vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be sufficiently damped by utilizing the plastic deformation of the first concave areas 24 and the second concave areas 27, while deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake) can be minimized.

[0176] In the steel damper H, the first concave surface areas 24 and the second concave surface areas 27 are formed in a perfect circle, and the first concave surface areas 24 having a perfect circular concave shape are lined up in a state where they are partially overlapped in the vertical direction (up and down direction) on the front surface 20 of the damper panel 13h to form a loop 38a, and the second concave surface areas 27 having a perfect circular concave shape are lined up in a state where they are partially overlapped in the vertical direction (up and down direction) on the rear surface 21 of the damper panel 13h to form a loop 38b. Even if the second concave areas 27 are formed into a perfect circle, the first concave areas 24 and the second concave areas 27 can be formed over almost the entire front and rear surfaces 20, 21 of the vertically (or horizontally) elongated damper panel 13h, so that the entire damper panel 13h can be effectively and maximally utilized as a plastically deformable area, and since the entire damper panel 13l undergoes plastic deformation when vibration occurs, vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be reliably damped when vibration occurs.

[0177] Fig. 25 is a front view of an example of a vibration-controlled structure 60A that uses steel dampers 10A-10H, and Fig. 26 is a side view of the vibration-controlled structure 60A of Fig. 25. Fig. 27 is a front view of first and second steel brackets 72, 80 as an example, and Fig. 28 is a top view of the first and second steel brackets 72, 80. In Figs. 25-30, the first concave areas 24 and the second concave areas 27 of the damper panels 13a-13h are omitted from illustration.

[0178] A vibration control structure 60A (including vibration control structures 60B-60D) using steel dampers 10A-10H (low yield point steel dampers) shown in Fig. 1-24 is constructed near the inner or outer walls of buildings such as skyscrapers, high-rise buildings, mid-rise buildings, low-rise buildings, RC or SRC apartment buildings, and RC detached houses to protect these buildings from earthquakes. The vibration control structure 60A is formed of an upper structural member 61 (first structural member), a lower structural member 62 (second structural member), and a vibration control device 63.

[0179] The upper structural member 61 is formed of a ceiling beam 64 (first structural member) and a first stud 65 (first mounting member) connected to the ceiling beam 64 and extending downward from the ceiling beam 64. The lower structural member 62 is formed of a floor beam 66 (second structural member) and a second stud 67 (second mounting member) connected to the floor beam 66 and extending upward from the floor beam 66. The first and second studs 65, 67 are of the same shape and size, and have the same dimensions in the vertical direction (length dimension), width direction (width dimension), and front-to-back direction (thickness dimension). The first stud 65 and the second stud 67 face each other at a distance in the vertical direction (directly facing each other at a distance), and a space 68 is formed between the first stud 65 and the second stud 67.

[0180] The first stud 65 is formed of a first foundation stud 69 that is connected to a ceiling beam 64 (main beam or small beam) of the building and extends downward from the ceiling beam 64, and a first steel member 71 (connecting means) that is connected to a lower end edge 70 of the first foundation stud 69. The ceiling beam 64 and the first foundation stud 69 are made of prestressed concrete. The prestressed concrete that forms the first foundation stud 69 is constructed by a pretensioning method or a post-tensioning method. The first foundation stud 69 may be made of reinforced concrete. Also, the first stud 65 (the first foundation stud 69 and the first steel bracket 72) may be precast concrete that is manufactured in advance in a factory.

[0181] Although not shown, a plurality of reinforcing bars are arranged in the ceiling beam 64. The first steel material 71 (connecting means) is formed from a first steel bracket 72 connected to the lower edge 370 (free end) of the first foundation stud 69, and a first H-shaped steel 73 (first shaped steel) fixed to the first steel bracket 72. The first steel bracket 72 is a plate-like steel material having a predetermined thickness and extending in the width direction. Note that, in addition to the first H-shaped steel 73, an I-shaped steel, a T-shaped steel, an angle steel, or a channel steel can also be used as the first shaped steel.

[0182] The first H-shaped steel 73 is installed on the underside of the first steel bracket 72 so as to hang down vertically downward. The first H-shaped steel 73 is disposed in the widthwise center of the underside of the first steel bracket 72, and a flange 74 and a web 75 are fixed to the underside of the first steel bracket 72 by welding, and the flange 74 and the web 75 extend vertically downward from the underside of the first steel bracket 72. The web 75 of the first H-shaped steel 73 is drilled (formed) with a plurality of bolt holes 76 arranged at equal intervals in the widthwise direction.

[0183] The second stud 67 is formed of a second foundation stud 77 connected to a floor beam 66 (main beam or minor beam) of the building and extending upward from the floor beam 66, and a second steel member 79 (connecting means) connected to an upper end edge 78 of the second foundation stud 77. The floor beam 66 and the second foundation stud 77 are made of prestressed concrete. The prestressed concrete forming the second foundation stud 77 is constructed by a pretensioning method or a posttensioning method. The second foundation stud 77 may be made of reinforced concrete. Also, the second stud 67 (the second foundation stud 77 and the second steel bracket 80) may be precast concrete manufactured in advance in a factory.

[0184] Although not shown, a plurality of reinforcing bars are arranged in the floor beam 65. The second steel material 79 (connecting means) is formed of a second steel bracket 80 connected to the upper edge 78 (free end) of the second foundation stud 77, and a second H-shaped steel 81 (second shaped steel) fixed to the second steel bracket 80. The second steel bracket 80 is a plate-like steel material having a predetermined thickness and extending in the width direction. Note that, in addition to the second H-shaped steel 81, an I-shaped steel, a T-shaped steel, an angle steel, or a channel steel can also be used as the second shaped steel.

[0185] The second H-shaped steel 81 is installed so as to stand upright in the vertical direction on the upper surface of the second steel bracket 80. The second H-shaped steel 81 is disposed in the widthwise center of the upper surface of the second steel bracket 80, and the flange 82 and web 83 are fixed to the upper surface of the second steel bracket 80 by welding, and the flange 82 and web 83 extend upward in the vertical direction from the upper surface of the second steel bracket 80. A plurality of bolt holes 84 are drilled (formed) in the web 83 of the second H-shaped steel 81 and are arranged at equal intervals in the width direction.

[0186] The vibration control device 63 is formed of a pair of first splice plates 85 and a pair of second splice plates 86, and any one of the shear panel dampers 10A to 10H. The first and second splice plates 85, 86 are plate-shaped steel materials of the same shape and size and a predetermined thickness, and are identical in vertical dimension (length dimension), width dimension (width dimension), and front-rear dimension (thickness dimension). The first splice plate 85 and the second splice plate 86 are spaced apart and opposed to each other in the vertical direction (directly facing each other at a distance), and are disposed in the space 68 between the first partition 65 and the second partition 67. A plurality of bolt holes are drilled at the upper edge (upper half) and the lower edge (lower half) of the first splice plate 85 and are spaced equally apart in the width direction, and a plurality of bolt holes are drilled at the upper edge (upper half) and the lower edge (lower half) of the second splice plate 86 and are spaced equally apart in the width direction.

[0187] The first splice plates 85 are disposed on both sides of the web 75 of the first H-shaped steel 73 of the first steel bracket 72, and are connected by high-strength hexagonal bolts 87 for frictional joints inserted or screwed into bolt holes drilled in the upper edge of the first splice plates 85 and bolt holes 76 drilled in the web 75 of the first H-shaped steel 73, and nuts 88 screwed onto the high-strength hexagonal bolts 87 for frictional joints, so that the first splice plates 85 are firmly fixed to the web 75 (the first steel material 71 of the first stud 65) with the web 75 sandwiched between them. The first splice plates 85 face each other in the front-to-rear direction, and their lower edges extend downward in the up-down direction from the web 75 of the first H-shaped steel 73.

[0188] The second splice plates 86 are disposed on both sides of the web 83 of the second H-shaped steel 81 of the second steel bracket 80, and are connected by high-strength hexagonal bolts 87 for frictional joints that are inserted or screwed into bolt holes drilled in the lower edge of the second splice plate 86 and bolt holes 84 drilled in the web 83 of the second H-shaped steel 81, and nuts 88 screwed into the high-strength hexagonal bolts 87 for frictional joints, and are firmly fixed to the web 83 (the second steel material 79 of the second stud 67) with the web 83 sandwiched between them. The second splice plates 86 face each other in the front-to-rear direction, and their upper edges extend upward in the vertical direction from the web 83 of the second H-shaped steel 81.

[0189] Any of the steel dampers 10A to 10H is located in a space 68 between the first H-shaped steel 73 (first shaped steel) of the first steel material 71 of the first stud 65 (free end of the first mounting member) and the second H-shaped steel 81 (second shaped steel) of the second steel material 79 of the second stud 67 (free end of the second mounting member), which are spaced apart in the vertical direction, and is attached to the first and second splice plates 85, 86. The first connecting panel 11 is perforated with a plurality of bolt holes 28 arranged at equal intervals in the width direction, and the second connecting panel 12 is perforated with a plurality of bolt holes 28 arranged at equal intervals in the width direction. The damper panels 13a to 13h of the steel dampers 10A to 10H are located in the space 68 between the first splice plate 85 and the second splice plate 86, which are spaced apart in the vertical direction.

[0190] Fig. 29 is a front view of the steel dampers 10A to 10H shown in a state where they are connected to the first and second steel members 71, 79, and Fig. 30 is a side view of the steel dampers 10A to 10H shown in a state where they are connected to the first and second steel members 71, 79. Figs. 29 and 30 omit illustration of reinforcing bars arranged in the ceiling beam 64, the first foundation stud 69, the floor beam 66, and the second foundation stud 77. Any of the steel dampers 10A to 10H has its first connection panel 11 inserted between the first splice plates 85 and fixed to the first splice plate 85, and its second connection panel 12 inserted between the second splice plates 86 and fixed to the second splice plate 86.

[0191] The first connection panel 11 of the steel dampers 10A to 10H is connected to the first splice plate 85 by high-strength hexagonal bolts 87 for frictional joints that are inserted or screwed into bolt holes drilled in the first connection panel 11 and bolt holes drilled in the first splice plate 85, and nuts 88 screwed onto the high-strength hexagonal bolts 87 for frictional joints. The first connection panel 11 is firmly fixed to the first splice plates 85 while being sandwiched between the first splice plates 85.

[0192] The second connection panel 12 of the steel dampers 10A to 10H is connected to the second splice plate 86 by high-strength hexagonal bolts 87 for frictional joints that are inserted or screwed into bolt holes drilled in the second connection panel 12 and bolt holes drilled in the second splice plate 86, and nuts 88 that are screwed into the high-strength hexagonal bolts 87 for frictional joints. The second connection panel 12 is firmly fixed to the second splice plate 86 while being sandwiched between the second splice plates 86. In the dampers 10A to 10H, the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 of the damper panels 13a to 13h are located in the space 68 between the first and second studs 65, 67.

[0193] In the vibration control structure 60A shown in Figures 25 to 30, for example, when an earthquake occurs and an external force acting on the building structure as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment due to the occurrence of vibrations caused by the earthquake, the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) is transmitted from the building structure to the first and second foundation studs 69, 77 made of prestressed concrete (or reinforced concrete or precast concrete) and the first and second studs 65, 67 equipped with the first and second steel members 71, 79, and the external force is transmitted from the first and second H-shaped steel members 73, 81 of the first and second steel members 71, 79 to the first and second splice plates 85, 86, and the external force is transmitted evenly from the first and second splice plates 85, 86 to the steel dampers 10A to 10H.

[0194] Fig. 31 is a front view of a vibration-damping structure 60B showing another example that uses steel dampers 10A-10H. In Fig. 31, the up-down direction is indicated by arrow X, and the width direction (width direction) is indicated by arrow Y. In Fig. 31, the first concave areas 24 and the second concave areas 27 of the damper panels 13a-13h are omitted from illustration. The vibration-damping structure 60B is formed of a first side structural member 89 (first structural member) and a second side structural member 90 (second structural member), and a vibration damping device 54.

[0195] The first side structural member 89 is formed of a first pillar 91 (first structural member) extending in the vertical direction, and a first beam 92 (first mounting member) (ceiling beam or floor beam) connected to the first pillar 91 and extending in the width direction from the first pillar 91. The second side structural member 90 is formed of a second pillar 93 (second structural member) extending in the vertical direction, and a second beam 94 (second mounting member) (ceiling beam or floor beam) connected to the second pillar 93 and extending in the width direction from the second pillar 93. The first beam 92 and the second beam 94 are formed by dividing a ceiling beam or a floor beam in half at the center. The first beam 92 and the second beam 94 face each other at a distance in the width direction (face each other at a distance), and a space 68 is formed between the first beam 92 and the second beam 94.

[0196] Any of the steel dampers 10A to 10H is disposed in a space 68 between a first beam 92 (first mounting member) and a second beam 94 (second mounting member) that face each other at a distance in the width direction. Any of the first connecting panels 11 of the steel dampers 10A to 10H are connected and fixed to a free end portion (free end portion of the first mounting member) of the first beam 92 by a predetermined connecting means (for example, a connecting means shown in Figs. 25 to 30), and any of the second connecting panels 12 of the steel dampers 10A to 10H are connected and fixed to a free end portion (free end portion of the second mounting member) of the second beam 94 by a predetermined connecting means (for example, a connecting means shown in Figs. 25 to 30). Any of the damper panels 13a to 13h of the steel dampers 10A to 10H are located in the space 68 between the free end portion of the first beam 92 and the free end portion of the second beam 94 that face each other at a distance in the width direction (directly facing each other at a distance).

[0197] In the seismic control structure 60B shown in Figure 31, for example, when an earthquake occurs and an external force acting on the building during vibration due to the earthquake acts on the building as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) is transmitted from the building to the first beam 92 (first mounting member) via the first column 91 (first structural member) and to the second beam 94 (second mounting member) via the second column 93 (second structural member), and the external force is evenly transmitted from the first and second beams 92, 94 to the steel dampers 10A to 10H.

[0198] Fig. 32 is a front view of a vibration-control structure 60C showing another example that uses steel dampers 10A-10H. In Fig. 32, the up-down direction is indicated by arrow X, and the width direction (width direction) is indicated by arrow Y. In Fig. 32, the first concave areas 24 and the second concave areas 27 of the damper panels 13a-13h are omitted from illustration. The vibration-control structure 60C is formed of a first side structural member 89 (first structural member) and a second side structural member 90 (second structural member), and a vibration control device 63.

[0199] The first side structural member 89 is formed of a first pillar 91 (first structural member) extending in the vertical direction, and a first wall 95 (first mounting member) connected to the first pillar 91 and extending in the width direction from the first pillar 91. The second side structural member 90 is formed of a second pillar 93 (second structural member) extending in the vertical direction, and a second wall 96 (second mounting member) connected to the second pillar 93 and extending in the width direction from the second pillar 93. The first wall 95 and the second wall 96 are formed by dividing the wall in half at the center. The first wall 95 and the second wall 96 face each other at a distance in the width direction (face each other at a distance), and a space 68 is formed between the first wall 95 and the second wall 96.

[0200] Any of the steel dampers 10A to 10H is disposed in a space 68 between a first wall 95 (first mounting member) and a second wall 96 (second mounting member) that face each other at a distance in the width direction. Any of the first connecting panels 11 of the steel dampers 10A to 10H are connected and fixed to a free end portion (free end portion of the first mounting member) of the first wall 95 by a predetermined connecting means (for example, a connecting means shown in Figs. 25 to 30), and any of the second connecting panels 12 of the steel dampers 10A to 10H are connected and fixed to a free end portion (free end portion of the second mounting member) of the second wall 96 by a predetermined connecting means (for example, a connecting means shown in Figs. 25 to 30). Any of the damper panels 13a to 13h of the steel dampers 10A to 10H are located in the space 68 between the free end portion of the first wall 95 and the free end portion of the second wall 96 that face each other at a distance in the width direction (directly facing each other at a distance).

[0201] In the seismic control structure 60C shown in Figure 32, for example, when an earthquake occurs and an external force acting on the building structure during vibration due to the earthquake acts as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) is transmitted from the building structure via the first column 91 (first structural member) to the first wall 95 (first mounting member) and via the second column 93 (second structural member) to the second wall 96 (second mounting member), and the external force is transmitted evenly from the first and second walls 95, 96 to the shear panel dampers 10A to 10H.

[0202] Fig. 33 is a front view of a vibration control structure 60D showing another example using steel dampers 10A-10H. In Fig. 33, the vertical direction is indicated by arrow X, and the width direction (width direction) is indicated by arrow Y. In Fig. 33, the first concave areas 24 and the second concave areas 27 of the damper panels 13a-13h are omitted. The vibration control structure 60D is formed of a ceiling beam 64 (first structural member) extending in the width direction, a first stud 65 (first mounting member) extending in the vertical direction, a floor beam 66 (second structural member) extending in the width direction, a second stud 67 (first mounting member) extending in the vertical direction, and a vibration control device 63.

[0203] The first partition 65 is located between the ceiling beam 64 and the floor beam 66, and its upper edge is connected and fixed to the ceiling beam 64 by a predetermined connecting means, and its lower edge is connected and fixed to the floor beam 66 by a predetermined connecting means. The second partition 67 is located between the ceiling beam 64 and the floor beam 66, and faces the first partition 65 at a distance in the width direction (directly facing the first partition 65 at a distance). The upper edge of the second partition 67 is connected and fixed to the ceiling beam 64 by a predetermined connecting means, and its lower edge is connected and fixed to the floor beam 66 by a predetermined connecting means. A space 68 is formed between the first partition 65 and the second partition 67.

[0204] Any of the steel dampers 10A to 10H is disposed in a space 68 between a first partition 65 (first mounting member) and a second partition 67 (second mounting member) that are spaced apart in the width direction and face each other. The first connecting panel 11 of any of the steel dampers 10A to 10H is connected and fixed to the opposing sides of the first partition 65 (the opposing sides of the first mounting member) by a predetermined connecting means (for example, the connecting means shown in Figs. 25 to 30), and the second connecting panel 12 of any of the steel dampers 10A to 10H is connected and fixed to the opposing sides of the second partition 67 (the opposing sides of the second mounting member) by a predetermined connecting means (for example, the connecting means shown in Figs. 25 to 30). Damper panels 13a to 13h of any of steel dampers 10A to 10H are located in a space 68 between opposing sides of a first partition 65 and a second partition 67 which are spaced apart (directly facing each other) in the width direction.

[0205] In the seismic control structure 60D shown in Figure 33, for example, when an earthquake occurs and an external force acting on the building structure as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment occurs due to vibration caused by the earthquake, etc., the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) is transmitted from the building structure via ceiling beam 64 (first structural member) to first partition 65 (first mounting member), and also via floor beam 66 (second structural member) to second partition 67 (first mounting member), and the external force is evenly transmitted from the first and second partition 65, 67 to steel dampers 10A to 10H.

[0206] When an external force acting upon the steel damper 10A in FIG. 1 forming the vibration control device 63 of the vibration control structures 60A to 60D due to an earthquake or the like occurs, the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 having an elliptical concave shape that is long in the vertical (or horizontal) direction of the damper panel 13a undergo plastic deformation from the center 26 toward both outer edges 18, 19 (fillets), and the earthquake energy (vibration energy) is attenuated by the plastic deformation of the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 that are shaped as an ellipse that is long in the vertical (or horizontal) direction, and the damper panel 13a of the steel damper 10A absorbs the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) (earthquake energy) due to the earthquake (vibration).

[0207] When an external force acting on the steel damper 10B in Figures 5 and 6 which forms the vibration control device 63 of the vibration control structure 60A to 60D due to an earthquake or the like occurs as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 which have an oval concave shape that is long in the vertical (or horizontal) direction of the damper panel 13b undergo plastic deformation from the center 26 toward both outer edges 18, 19 (fillets), and the earthquake energy (vibration energy) is attenuated by the plastic deformation of the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 which have an oval concave shape that is long in the vertical (or horizontal) direction, and the damper panel 13b of the steel damper 10B absorbs the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) (earthquake energy) due to the earthquake (vibration).

[0208] When an external force acting on the steel damper 10C in Figures 7 and 8 which forms the vibration control device 63 of the vibration control structures 60A to 60D due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 which have a rectangular concave shape that is long in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) and have chamfered corners 31 of the damper panel 13c undergo plastic deformation from the center 26 toward both outer edges 18, 19 (fillets), and the earthquake energy (vibration energy) is attenuated by the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 which have a rectangular concave shape that is long in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) and have chamfered corners 31, and the damper panel 13c of the steel damper 10C absorbs the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) (seismic energy) due to the earthquake (vibration).

[0209] When an external force acting on the steel damper 10D of Figures 9 and 10 which forms the vibration control device 63 of the vibration control structures 60A to 60D during the occurrence of vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 which have a hexagonal concave shape that is long in the vertical (or horizontal) direction of the damper panel 13d undergo plastic deformation from the center 26 toward both outer edges 18, 19 (fillets), and the earthquake energy (vibration energy) is attenuated by the plastic deformation of the first concave surface area 24 and the second concave surface area 27 which have a hexagonal concave shape that is long in the vertical (or horizontal) direction, and the damper panel 13d of the steel damper 10D absorbs the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) (earthquake energy) due to the earthquake (vibration).

[0210] When an external force acting on the steel damper 10E in Figures 11 and 12 which forms the vibration control device 63 of the vibration control structures 60A to 60D due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted as a shear force, axial force, or bending moment, the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 which have an octagonal concave shape that is long in the vertical (or horizontal) direction of the damper panel 13e undergo plastic deformation from the center 26 toward both outer edges 18, 19 (fillets), and the earthquake energy (vibration energy) is attenuated by the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 which have an octagonal concave shape that is long in the vertical (or horizontal) direction, and the damper panel 13e of the steel damper 10E absorbs the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) (seismic energy) due to the earthquake (vibration).

[0211] When an external force acting on the steel damper 10F of Figs. 13 to 16 forming the vibration control device 63 of the vibration control structure 60A to 60D during the occurrence of vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, the shear force, the axial force, and the bending moment are transmitted from the center of the first concave areas 24a to 24c of the three perfect circles arranged in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) of the damper panel 13f and the second concave areas 27a to 27c of the three perfect circles arranged in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) toward both outer edges 18, 19 (fillets). The first concave areas 24a-24c and the second concave areas 27a-27c undergo plastic deformation, and the earthquake energy (vibration energy) is attenuated by the plastic deformation of the three first concave areas 24a-24c arranged vertically (or horizontally) and the three second concave areas 27a-27c arranged vertically (or horizontally), and the damper panel 13f of the steel damper 10F absorbs the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) (seismic energy) due to the earthquake (vibration).

[0212] When an external force acting on the steel damper 10G of Figs. 17 to 20 forming the vibration control device 63 of the vibration control structure 60A to 60D during the occurrence of vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, the shear force, the axial force, and the bending moment are transmitted from the center of the first concave areas 24a to 24e of the five perfect circles arranged in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) of the damper panel 13g and the second concave areas 27a to 27e of the five perfect circles arranged in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) of the damper panel 13g toward both outer edges 18, 19 (fillets). The first concave areas 24a-24e and the second concave areas 27a-27e undergo plastic deformation, and the earthquake energy (vibration energy) is attenuated by the plastic deformation of the five first concave areas 24a-24e arranged vertically (or horizontally) and the five second concave areas 27a-27e arranged vertically (or horizontally), and the damper panel 13g of the steel damper 10G absorbs the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) (seismic energy) due to the earthquake (vibration).

[0213] When an external force acting on the steel damper 10H of Figs. 21 to 24 forming the vibration control device 63 of the vibration control structure 60A to 60D during vibration due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted as a shear force, an axial force, or a bending moment, the shear force, the axial force, and the bending moment are transmitted from the center of the first concave surface areas 24 of the plurality of perfect circles arranged in a long loop 38a in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) of the damper panel 13h and the second concave surface areas 27 of the plurality of perfect circles arranged in a long loop 38b in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) to both outer edges 18, 19 (fillets). As a result, the first concave areas 24 and the second concave areas 27 are plastically deformed, and the earthquake energy (vibration energy) is attenuated by the plastic deformation of the multiple first concave areas 24 arranged in a long loop 38a in the vertical (or horizontal) direction and the multiple second concave areas 27 arranged in a long loop 38b in the vertical (or horizontal) direction, and the damper panel 13h of the steel damper 10H absorbs the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) (seismic energy) due to the earthquake (vibration).

[0214] When the steel dampers 10A to 10H are installed in a building as the vibration control devices 63 of the vibration control structures 60A to 60D, an external force acting on the building when vibration occurs due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted as a shear force, an axial force, and a bending moment from the first structural member (ceiling beam 64, first column 91) and the second structural member (floor beam 66, second column 93) to the first mounting member (first partition 65, first beam 92, first wall 95) and the second mounting member (second partition 67, second beam 94, second wall 96). The external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) is transmitted evenly from the first mounting member and the second mounting member to the steel dampers 10A to 10H. Therefore, the axial force (earthquake energy) can be reliably transmitted from the building to the steel dampers 10A to 10H. The entire damper panels 13a to 13h, which have first concave areas 24 and second concave areas 27 in the shape of a circle, an oval, a rectangle with chamfered corners, a hexagon, an octagon, three perfect circles arranged in a state where they partially overlap each other vertically, five perfect circles arranged in a state where they partially overlap each other vertically, or multiple perfect circles forming a long loop in the vertical direction, are plastically deformed evenly and reliably by external forces (shear force, axial force, bending moment), and the damper panels 13a to 13h of the steel dampers 10A to 10H can efficiently absorb external forces (shear force, axial force, bending moment) due to vibrations such as earthquakes (seismic energy), and the plastic deformation of the damper panels 13a to 13h of the steel dampers 10A to 10H can be used to sufficiently attenuate vibration energy (seismic energy).

[0215] In the seismic control structures 60A-60D having the first and second foundation studs 69,77 made of prestressed concrete (or reinforced concrete or precast concrete) and the first and second studs 65,67 having the first and second steel members 71,79, an external force acting on the structure when vibration occurs due to an earthquake or the like is transmitted from the structure to the first and second studs 65,67 as shear force, axial force, and bending moment, and the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) is transmitted from the first and second H-shaped steels 73,81 of the first and second steel members 71,79 to the first and second splice plates 85,86, and the external force is transmitted evenly from the first and second splice plates 85,86 to the steel dampers 10A-10H. Therefore, the external force can be reliably transmitted from the structure to the steel dampers 10A-10H, and the damper panels 1 of the steel dampers 10A-10H are arranged in a manner such that the external force is transmitted from the structure to the steel dampers 10A-10H. The first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 of the damper panels 13a to 13h are plastically deformed evenly and reliably due to external forces, and further, because the damper panels 13a to 13h are located in the space 68 between the first splice plate 85 and the second splice plate 86, there is no obstacle that impedes the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 of the damper panels 13a to 13h when an external force due to vibration (earthquake) is transmitted, so that the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 of the damper panels 13a to 13h are plastically deformed freely when vibration occurs due to an earthquake or the like, and the steel dampers 10A to 10H can efficiently absorb earthquake energy, and the vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be sufficiently damped by utilizing the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 of the damper panels 13a to 13h of the steel dampers 10A to 10H.

[0216] In the vibration control structures 60A to 60D, an external force due to vibration (earthquake) is transmitted from the building to the first structural member (ceiling beam 64, first column 91) and the second structural member (floor beam 66, second column 93) as a shear force, an axial force, and a bending moment to the first mounting member (first partition 65, first beam 92, first wall 95) and the second mounting member (second partition 67, second beam 94, second wall 96), and the external force (shear force, axial force, bending moment) is transmitted from the first mounting member and the second mounting member to the second mounting member. The vibration energy (earthquake energy) is transmitted smoothly and uniformly to the shear panel dampers 10A-10H via the first and second H-shaped steel 71, 79 and the first and second splice plates 85, 86, and the vibration energy (earthquake energy) can be sufficiently damped by utilizing the plastic deformation of the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 of the damper panels 13a-13h of the steel dampers 10A-10H, thereby minimizing deformation and damage to the building due to vibration (earthquake).

[0217] When the first concave area 24 and the second concave area 27 of the damper panels 13a to 13h are plastically deformed after the occurrence of vibration (earthquake), the seismic control structures 60A to 60D can prepare for the next vibration (earthquake) simply by replacing the steel dampers 10A to 10H, and there is no need to construct the seismic control structures 60A to 60D anew after the occurrence of vibration (earthquake), thereby saving effort and cost.

[0218] The vibration control structure 60A can be constructed by connecting a first stud 65 having a first foundation stud 69 made of prestressed concrete (or reinforced concrete or precast concrete) and a first steel member 71 to a ceiling beam 64, connecting a second stud 67 having a second foundation stud 77 made of prestressed concrete (or reinforced concrete or precast concrete) and a second steel member 79 to a floor beam 66, fixing a pair of first and second splice plates 85, 86 to the first and second steel members 71, 79, and fixing the first and second connecting panels 11, 12 of the steel dampers 10A to 10H to the first and second splice plates 85, 86, and thus can be constructed at low cost in a short construction period. [Explanation of symbols]

[0219] 10A Steel damper 10B Steel damper 10C Steel damper 10D Steel Damper 10E Steel damper 10F Steel damper 10G Steel Damper 10H Steel damper 11 First connecting panel 12 Second connecting panel 13a~13h Damper Panel 14 Front 15 Rear 16 Top edge 17 Bottom edge 18 Outer edge 19 Outer edge 20 Front 21 Rear 22 Outer edge 23 Outer edge 24 First concave area 24a~e First concave area 25 Outer rim 26 center 27 Second concave area 27a~e Second concave area 28 Bolt holes 29a,b Convex curve 30a,b straight line 31 Corner 32a,b Long side 33a,b Short side 34a,b Acute angle Side 35a,b 36a,b Short side 37a,b long side 38a,b Loop 60A~60D Seismic Control Structures 61 Upper structural member (first structural member) 62 Lower structural member (second structural member) 63 Vibration Control Device 64 Ceiling beam (first structural member) 65 First stud (first mounting member) 66 Floor beam (second structural member) 67 Second stud (second mounting member) 68 Space 69 First Foundation Stud 70 Bottom edge 71 1st steel material 72 First Steel Bracket 73 No. 1 H-beam 74 Flange 75 Web 76 Bolt holes 77 Second Foundation Stud 78 Top edge 79 Second steel material 80 Second Steel Bracket 81 2nd H-beam 82 Flange 83 Web 84 Bolt holes 85 First splice plate 86 Second splice plate 87 High-strength hexagonal bolt for friction joints 88 Nut 89 First side structural member (first structural member) 90 Second side structural member (second structural member) 91 First pillar (first structural member) 92 First beam (first mounting member) 93 Second column (second structural member) 94 Second beam (second mounting member) 95 First wall (first mounting member) 96 Second wall (second mounting member) L1 long axis L2 short axis L3 axis (long axis) L4 axis (long axis) L5 axis (short axis) L6 axis (long axis) L7 axis (long axis) N1 First longitudinal center line N2 Second longitudinal center line S1 Vertical dimension S2 Horizontal dimension S3 Horizontal dimension

Claims

1. A steel damper formed of a first connection panel having a predetermined thickness, a second connection panel having a predetermined thickness and positioned on an opposite side of the first connection panel, and a damper panel having a predetermined thickness and positioned between the first and second connection panels, the damper panel having a predetermined thickness and a front surface and a rear surface of a predetermined area, The damper panel has two outer edges extending in a vertical direction and upper and lower edges extending in a width direction, and is formed vertically elongated such that the vertical dimension between the upper edge and the lower edge is greater than the horizontal dimension between the two outer edges, or is formed horizontally elongated such that the vertical dimension between the upper edge and the lower edge is smaller than the horizontal dimension between the two outer edges, the damper panel has a first concave area formed in a predetermined concave shape on the front surface, concave from the front surface toward the rear surface of the damper panel, the concave dimension from the front surface toward the rear surface gradually increasing from the outer circumferential edge toward the center, and a second concave area formed in a predetermined concave shape on the rear surface, concave from the rear surface toward the front surface of the damper panel, the concave dimension from the rear surface toward the front surface gradually increasing from the outer circumferential edge toward the center, The concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are perfect circles, and in the steel damper, a plurality of the first concave areas each consisting of a perfect circle are arranged in a vertical or width direction on the front surface of the damper panel in a partially overlapping state, the right and left halves of the plurality of first concave areas arranged in the vertical or width direction are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer peripheries of the first concave areas of the perfect circle are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, a plurality of the second concave areas each consisting of a perfect circle are arranged in a vertical or width direction on the rear surface of the damper panel in a partially overlapping state, the right and left halves of the plurality of second concave areas arranged in the vertical or width direction are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer peripheries of the second concave areas of the perfect circle are located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel, The steel damper is characterized in that when an external force due to vibration is applied to the steel damper when vibration occurs, at least one of a first concave area formed on the front surface of the damper panel and a second concave area formed on the rear surface of the damper panel undergoes plastic deformation, thereby exhibiting a vibration control function.

2. A steel damper formed from a first connecting panel having a predetermined thickness, a second connecting panel having a predetermined thickness and positioned opposite the first connecting panel, and a damper panel having a predetermined thickness and positioned between the first and second connecting panels, the damper panel having a predetermined area on front and rear faces, The damper panel has two outer edges extending in a vertical direction and upper and lower edges extending in a width direction, and is formed vertically elongated such that the vertical dimension between the upper edge and the lower edge is greater than the horizontal dimension between the two outer edges, or is formed horizontally elongated such that the vertical dimension between the upper edge and the lower edge is smaller than the horizontal dimension between the two outer edges, the damper panel has a first concave area formed in a predetermined concave shape on the front surface, concave from the front surface toward the rear surface of the damper panel, the concave dimension from the front surface toward the rear surface gradually increasing from the outer circumferential edge toward the center, and a second concave area formed in a predetermined concave shape on the rear surface, concave from the rear surface toward the front surface of the damper panel, the concave dimension from the rear surface toward the front surface gradually increasing from the outer circumferential edge toward the center, The concave shapes of the first concave area and the second concave area are perfect circles, and in the steel damper, a plurality of the first concave areas each consisting of a perfect circle are arranged on the front surface of the damper panel in a partially overlapping state to form a loop, the right and left halves of the loop formed by the plurality of first concave areas are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the front surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer peripheries of the plurality of first concave areas forming the loop are located near both outer edges of the front surface of the damper panel, and a plurality of the second concave areas each consisting of a perfect circle are arranged on the rear surface of the damper panel in a partially overlapping state to form a loop, the right and left halves of the loop formed by the plurality of second concave areas are in a mirror image relationship with respect to a vertical center line that divides the rear surface of the damper panel in the width direction, and parts of the outer peripheries of the plurality of second concave areas forming the loop are located near both outer edges of the rear surface of the damper panel, The steel damper is characterized in that when an external force due to vibration is applied to the steel damper when vibration occurs, at least one of a first concave area formed on the front surface of the damper panel and a second concave area formed on the rear surface of the damper panel undergoes plastic deformation, thereby exhibiting a vibration control function.

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