Antenna and preparation method thereof, millimeter wave sensor, and terminal

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna, a preparation method thereof, a millimeter-wave sensor, and a terminal. A gap exists between the multiple coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder. A resonant structure (i.e., LC) is formed between the multiple coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder, causing the antenna to generate another resonance. This allows the antenna to generate two resonance points, achieving a larger bandwidth and increasing the range resolution of millimeter-wave radar. This solves the problem that the bandwidth of existing antennas cannot meet the requirements for millimeter-wave radar use in long-range and medium-range scenarios. Furthermore, this method improves the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) capabilities of terminals in autonomous or assisted driving. This method may be applied to Internet of Vehicles (IoT), such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), long-term evolution vehicle (LTE-V), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202011066537.X, entitled “ANTENNA AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, MILLIMETER-WAVE SENSOR, AND TERMINAL,” filed with the China State Intellectual Property Office on September 30, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, in particular to antennas and their preparation methods, millimeter wave sensors, and terminals. [Background technology]

[0003] A radar is an electronic device that detects targets using electromagnetic waves. A radar emits electromagnetic waves to illuminate a target and receives the target's echo. This allows the radar to obtain information such as the distance from the target to the electromagnetic wave emission point, the rate of change of distance (radiation speed), azimuth angle, and height. Based on the radar frequency band, radars can be classified as over-the-horizon radar, microwave radar, millimeter wave radar, and laser radar. Millimeter wave radar is a radar that operates and detects in the millimeter wave band. The millimeter wave band refers to the frequency band between 30 GHz and 300 GHz (wavelength is 1 mm to 10 mm). The wavelength of millimeter waves is between microwave and centimeter waves. Since the transmission wavelength of millimeter wave radar is in the millimeter range, the size of the antenna required for the millimeter wave signal is very small.

[0004] At present, this antenna is mainly used in millimeter wave radar to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. This antenna is arranged on a circuit board. Multiple rows of antennas form an antenna array. However, the existing antennas have a small bandwidth and cannot fully meet the requirements for the use of millimeter wave radar in long-range and medium-range scenarios. Therefore, how to increase the bandwidth of the antenna is an urgent problem to be solved in millimeter wave radar. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to realize dual resonance through gap coupling and expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and to solve the problem that the bandwidth of existing antennas cannot fully meet the requirements for using millimeter-wave radar in long-range and medium-range scenarios, the present application provides an antenna and its preparation method, a millimeter-wave sensor, and a terminal.

[0006] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a millimeter wave sensor, comprising: a microstrip feeder disposed on one surface of a dielectric plate; the antenna further comprises at least one of a first group of radiating elements located on a first side of the microstrip feeder or a second group of radiating elements located on a second side of the microstrip feeder; the first group of radiating elements includes at least one first coupling stub and the second group of radiating elements includes at least one second coupling stub.

[0007] A gap exists between the at least one first coupling stub and / or the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder.

[0008] There is a gap between the at least one first coupling stub and / or the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder. In this way, a resonant structure (i.e., LC) is formed between the at least one first coupling stub and / or the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder, and the antenna generates another resonance. In this way, the antenna can generate two resonance points, achieve a larger bandwidth, increase the range resolution of the millimeter-wave radar, and meet the use requirements of the radar in short-range scenarios, medium-range scenarios, and long-range scenarios. Therefore, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application covers a larger bandwidth and solves the problem that the bandwidth of the existing antenna cannot meet the use requirements of the millimeter-wave radar in long-range scenarios and medium-range scenarios.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub is greater than or equal to three and / or the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is greater than or equal to three.

[0010] the width of the gap between the at least one first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder satisfies the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder; and / or The width of the gap between the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder satisfies the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder.

[0011] The width of the gap between the at least one first coupling stub and / or the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder first decreases and then increases from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder. This realizes a low sidelobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the sidelobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible. Therefore, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application increases the bandwidth and realizes a low sidelobe effect, solving the problem that the bandwidth and low sidelobe cannot be satisfied at the same time in the existing antenna.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the sum of the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub and the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is greater than or equal to three.

[0013] The width of the gap between the at least one first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder and the width of the gap between the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder satisfy the rule that the width of the gap between the at least one first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder first decreases and then increases from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder. The width of the gap between the at least one first coupling stub and / or the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder first decreases and then increases from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder. This realizes a low sidelobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the sidelobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the at least one first coupling stub and the at least one second coupling stub are distributed alternately on two sides of the microstrip feeder.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub is greater than or equal to three and / or the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is greater than or equal to three.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the width of the at least one first coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder; and / or The width of the at least one second coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder.

[0017] The width of the at least one first coupling stub and / or the at least one second coupling stub first increases and then decreases from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder, which realizes a low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the sum of the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub and the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is greater than or equal to three.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the width of the at least one first coupling stub and the width of the at least one second coupling stub satisfy the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the first group of radiating elements and the second group of radiating elements include two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs, and the vertical distances between the adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs in the two groups are different, thereby achieving low side lobes.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the vertical distance between adjacent first and second coupling stubs in any two groups of the first group of radiating elements and the second group of radiating elements is different, thereby achieving low side lobes.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the distance between the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub adjacent to each other in any group included in the first group of radiating elements and the second group of radiating elements is d1 millimeters (mm); d1 is 0.4λ g ≦d1≦0.6λ g and λ g is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the dielectric plate using the first coupling stub or the second coupling stub, thereby ensuring that the coupling stubs achieve co-directional superposition to achieve high gain.

[0023] In a possible implementation, the width of the gap between the microstrip feeder and any first coupling stub is greater than or equal to 0.076 mm and less than or equal to 0.9 mm; and / or The width of the gap between the microstrip feeder and any second coupling stub is not less than 0.076 mm and not more than 0.9 mm, so that the coupling feed can be implemented between each coupling stub and the microstrip feeder to ensure that the coupling effect is reduced due to an excessively large gap, and the resonance is not easily generated due to an excessively small gap.

[0024] In a possible implementation, at least one matching stub is arranged on at least one side of one or more of the at least one first coupling stubs, and / or At least one matching stub is disposed on at least one side of one or more of the at least one second coupling stub.

[0025] Gaps exist between the matching stub and the microstrip feeder, and between the matching stub and the one or more first coupling stubs and / or the one or more second coupling stubs.

[0026] The matching stub is arranged so that the radiating stub of the antenna is increased, and the bandwidth covered by the antenna is larger because of the coupling implemented between the matching stub and the coupling stub.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the matching stubs are located above and below any first coupling stub and any second coupling stub.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the length of the at least one first coupling stub and the length of the at least one second coupling stub are 0.4λ or less. g Above 0.6λ g or The length of any first coupling stub and the length of any second coupling stub are 0.4λ g Above 0.6λ g and λ g is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the dielectric plate using the first coupling stub or the second coupling stub, which ensures that each coupling stub operates in the required operating frequency band, and ensures that the operating frequency of the antenna meets the requirements.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the width of the at least one first coupling stub and the width of the at least one second coupling stub are greater than or equal to 0.076 mm and less than or equal to 0.9 mm, or The width of any first coupling stub and the width of any second coupling stub are equal to or larger than 0.076 mm and equal to or smaller than 0.9 mm. If the width of the coupling stub is less than 0.076 mm, it is usually difficult to carry out the manufacturing process of the coupling stub. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present application, the width of the coupling stub is equal to or larger than 0.076 mm to meet the process requirement. If the width of the coupling stub is more than 0.9 mm, the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub are alternately arranged on both sides of the microstrip feeder, so that the adjacent first coupling stub and the second coupling stub interfere with each other, which increases the gain of the antenna. Also, the beam shape is changed, which fails to meet the requirement.

[0030] In a possible implementation, at least one first coupling stub, or at least one second coupling stub, or both, are rectangular or trapezoidal patches, or any first coupling stub, or any second coupling stub, or both, are rectangular or trapezoidal patches.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the number of first coupling stubs is five and / or the number of second coupling stubs is five.

[0032] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a mmWave sensor, comprising at least a circuit board; a metal ground layer disposed on a first surface of the circuit board; and at least one antenna array disposed on a second surface of the circuit board, wherein the one or more of the at least one antenna array includes at least one antenna according to any of the implementations described above.

[0033] The millimeter wave sensor provided in this embodiment of the present application includes the above antenna, which realizes a larger bandwidth, increases the range resolution of the millimeter wave radar, and meets the requirement of achieving 5 GHz bandwidth with long range resolution. In addition, it realizes a low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the millimeter wave sensor as much as possible.

[0034] In a possible implementation, the at least one antenna array includes at least one transmitting antenna array and at least one receiving antenna array; any transmitting antenna array and any receiving antenna array include at least one antenna, the microstrip feeder of the antenna being electrically connected to the feed of the circuit board.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the thickness of the circuit board is 5 mils.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the dielectric constant of the circuit board is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4.

[0037] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal, the terminal at least comprising: a body; and at least one sensor disposed on the body; the at least one sensor includes at least one mmWave sensor according to any of the implementations described above. Optionally, the terminal may be a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a smart home device, a smart manufacturing device, etc.

[0038] The terminal provided in this embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned millimeter wave sensor, realizes a larger bandwidth, increases the range resolution of the millimeter wave radar, and meets the requirements for achieving a 5 GHz bandwidth with a long range resolution. In addition, it realizes a low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, avoids the false alarm problem of the millimeter wave sensor as much as possible, and ensures the most accurate target detection.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the mmWave sensor is a mmWave radar.

[0040] A fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method of preparing an antenna, comprising: forming at least one microstrip feeder on one surface of a dielectric plate; forming a first group of radiating elements on a first side of the microstrip feeder and / or forming a second group of radiating elements on a second side of the microstrip feeder, the first group of radiating elements including at least one first coupling stub and the second group of radiating elements including at least one second coupling stub.

[0041] A gap is formed between the at least one first coupling stub and / or the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder.

[0042] In a possible implementation, the method comprises: The method further includes forming a metal ground layer on the other surface of the dielectric plate.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the dielectric plate may be a Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

[0044] In a possible implementation, the sum of the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub and the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is greater than or equal to three.

[0045] A width of a gap between the at least one first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder and a width of a gap between the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder satisfy a rule of first decreasing and then increasing from a first end to a second end of the microstrip feeder.

[0046] In a possible implementation, the at least one first coupling stub and the at least one second coupling stub are distributed alternately on two sides of the microstrip feeder.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub is greater than or equal to three and / or the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is greater than or equal to three.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the width of at least one first coupling stub satisfies a rule that first increases and then decreases from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder; and / or the width of at least one second coupling stub satisfies a rule that first increases and then decreases from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder.

[0049] In a possible implementation, the sum of the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub and the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is greater than or equal to three.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the width of the at least one first coupling stub and the width of the at least one second coupling stub satisfy the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder.

[0051] In a possible implementation, the first group of radiating elements and the second group of radiating elements include two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs, and the distances between the adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs in the two groups are different. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0052] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2B] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2C] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3A] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3B] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3C] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3D] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3E] FIG. 2 is a schematic simulation diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 7A] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 7B] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 8A] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8B]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8C] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8D] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8E] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 12A] 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure formed on one surface of a dielectric plate during an antenna preparation method according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. [Figure 12B] 13 is a schematic diagram of a metal ground layer formed on the other surface of the dielectric plate during the antenna preparation method according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. [Figure 13A] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a millimeter-wave sensor according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13B] FIG. 13B is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure taken along the line AA in FIG. 13A. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0053] Explanation of reference numbers: 10: microstrip feeder; 10a: first end; 10b: second end; 21: first group of radiating elements; 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 21e: first coupling stub; 22: second group of radiating elements; 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e: second coupling stub; 23: matching stub; 100: millimeter wave sensor; 101: transmitting antenna array; 102: receiving antenna array; 200: circuit board; 200a: dielectric plate; 210: a first surface of a dielectric plate; 220: a second surface of a dielectric plate; 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206: feed points; 300: metal ground layer; 400: terminal; 401: body.

[0054] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only used to describe particular embodiments of the present application, but are not intended to limit the present application.

[0055] Main lobe: In the radiation pattern of an antenna, the lobe in the direction of maximum radiation is called the main lobe, and the lobe just behind the main lobe is called the back lobe.

[0056] Minor lobe (side lobe): In an antenna's radiation pattern, the lobe between the main lobe and the back lobe is called the minor lobe.

[0057] Minor lobe level: The minor lobe level indicates the logarithm of the ratio of the power density of the minor lobe in the maximum radiation direction to the power density of the main lobe in the maximum radiation direction.

[0058] FIG 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna applied to a radar. As shown in FIG 1, the antenna includes a feeder 1 and a plurality of radiating patches 2 electrically contacting the feeder 1. The width of the plurality of radiating patches 2 decreases from the center of the feeder 1 to both ends of the feeder 1. However, when an antenna with this structure is used in a radar, the bandwidth is small (1 GHz), which cannot meet the requirements for radar use in medium and long-range scenarios, and is not enough to meet the requirements for achieving a bandwidth of 5 GHz with long-range resolution.

[0059] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, a millimeter wave sensor, and a terminal. A coupling feed is implemented between the microstrip feeder and a number of coupling stubs. Thus, there is a gap between the coupling stub and the microstrip feeder. By utilizing this gap, a resonant structure (i.e., a resonant circuit including an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C), simply referred to as LC) is formed between the coupling stub and the microstrip feeder. As a result, another resonance is coupled, and the antenna can generate two resonance points, and a larger bandwidth can be realized. Therefore, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application increases the bandwidth to meet the requirements for use of radar in short-range scenarios, medium-range scenarios, and long-range scenarios, and solves the problem that the bandwidth of existing antennas cannot meet the requirements for use of millimeter wave radar in medium-range scenarios and long-range scenarios.

[0060] Hereinafter, an antenna, a millimeter wave sensor, and a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] [Embodiment 1] As shown in FIG. 2A, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application may be a series-fed antenna. The series-fed antenna may be applied to sensors such as radar. The antenna may include a microstrip feeder 10. The microstrip feeder 10 may be disposed on one surface of a dielectric plate 200a (in the description below of FIG. 12A). Specifically, the dielectric plate 200a may be a printed circuit board (PCB). The antenna further includes at least one of a first group of radiating elements 21 located on a first side of the microstrip feeder 10, or a second group of radiating elements 22 located on a second side of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, the antenna may include a first group of radiating elements 21 located on a first side of the microstrip feeder 10 (e.g., the right side in FIG. 2A) and a second group of radiating elements 22 located on a second side of the microstrip feeder 10 (e.g., the left side in FIG. 2A). Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2B, the antenna may include a first group of radiating elements 21 located on a first side (e.g., the right side in Figure 2B) of the microstrip feeder 10. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2C, the antenna further includes a second group of radiating elements 22 located on a second side (e.g., the left side in Figure 2C) of the microstrip feeder 10.

[0062] Of course, in some examples, the first group of radiating elements 21 may be located on the left side of the microstrip feeder 10. The second group of radiating elements 22 is located on the right side of the microstrip feeder 10. One end of the microstrip feeder 10 is electrically connected to a feed (i.e., a signal source). The feed supplies current to the two groups of radiating elements via the microstrip feeder 10. The current may be, for example, a high-frequency current. It should be noted that the high-frequency current is specifically an alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz or more, and is radiated from the radiating elements in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0063] The first group of radiating elements 21 includes at least one first coupling stub. The second group of radiating elements 22 includes at least one second coupling stub. In one example, as shown in FIG. 2A, the first group of radiating elements 21 includes five first coupling stubs. The five first coupling stubs are first coupling stub 21a, first coupling stub 21b, first coupling stub 21c, first coupling stub 21d, and first coupling stub 21e, respectively. The second group of radiating elements 22 may include five second coupling stubs. The five second coupling stubs are second coupling stub 22a, second coupling stub 22b, second coupling stub 22c, second coupling stub 22d, and second coupling stub 22e, respectively. Of course, in some examples, the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 may include at least one second coupling stub. release Shooting element 2nd group of 22 includes, but is not limited to, five coupling stubs. Alternatively, the first group of radiating elements or the second group of radiating elements may include one or more coupling stubs.

[0064] Further optionally, as shown in Fig. 2A, when the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub are distributed on both sides of the microstrip feeder 10, at least one first coupling stub and at least one second coupling stub are alternately distributed on both sides of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in Fig. 2A, the second coupling stub 22a, the first coupling stub 21a, the second coupling stub 22b, the first coupling stub 21b, the second coupling stub 22c, the first coupling stub 21c, the second coupling stub 22d, the first coupling stub 21d, the second coupling stub 22e, and the first coupling stub 21e may be sequentially arranged from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder 10.

[0065] In the design of the present application, there is a gap between the at least one first coupling stub and / or the at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10. In this way, a coupled feed is implemented between both the multiple first coupling stubs and the multiple second coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder 10. That is, the at least one first coupling stub and the at least one second coupling stub do not directly contact with the microstrip feeder 10. The microstrip feeder 10 supplies current to the at least one first coupling stub and the at least one second coupling stub in a coupled feed manner.

[0066] For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, a gap a1 exists between the first coupling stub 21a and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap b1 exists between the first coupling stub 21b and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap c1 exists between the first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap d1 exists between the first coupling stub 21d and the microstrip feeder 10, and a gap e1 exists between the first coupling stub 21e and the microstrip feeder 10. A gap a2 exists between the second coupling stub 22a and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap b2 exists between the second coupling stub 22b and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap c2 exists between the second coupling stub 22c and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap d2 exists between the second coupling stub 22d and the microstrip feeder 10, and a gap e2 exists between the second coupling stub 22e and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0067] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2B, a gap a1 exists between the first coupling stub 21a and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap b1 exists between the first coupling stub 21b and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap c1 exists between the first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap d1 exists between the first coupling stub 21d and the microstrip feeder 10, and a gap e1 exists between the first coupling stub 21e and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0068] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2C, a gap a2 exists between the second coupling stub 22a and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap b2 exists between the second coupling stub 22b and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap c2 exists between the second coupling stub 22c and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap d2 exists between the second coupling stub 22d and the microstrip feeder 10, and a gap e2 exists between the second coupling stub 22e and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0069] It should be noted that the coupling stub is specifically a type of radiator that supplies power in a coupled manner (i.e., in a non-contact manner) to the microstrip feeder 10. For example, the coupling stub may be an antenna radiator such as a metal patch or metal layer.

[0070] In this embodiment of the present application, there is a gap between the coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10. By using the gap, a resonant structure (i.e., a resonant circuit including an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C), simply referred to as LC) is formed between the coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10, and another resonance is coupled, so that the antenna can generate two resonance points (in the following description of FIG. 3D) to achieve a larger bandwidth. Therefore, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application increases the bandwidth and meets the requirements for the use of radar in short-range scenarios, medium-range scenarios, and long-range scenarios, solving the problem that the bandwidth of existing antennas cannot meet the requirements for the use of millimeter-wave radar in medium-range scenarios and long-range scenarios.

[0071] In possible scenarios and environments, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application has been tested. As shown in Figure 3D, the bandwidth can be extended to 5GHz. A gap is formed between the coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 to increase the bandwidth.

[0072] In order to further realize low side lobes to reduce radar false alarms, in this embodiment of the present application, the width of the gap between the coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 meets the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder 10. Or, the width of the coupling stub meets the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder 10. This realizes the low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the side lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible. Therefore, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application increases the bandwidth, realizes the low side lobe effect, and solves the false alarm problem of the millimeter wave sensor. Here, it should be noted that the rule of first decreasing and then increasing is not limited to continuous decreasing and continuous increasing. The width of the gap between the microstrip feeder and the coupling stubs adjacent to each other in the extension direction from the first end to the second end may be the same, if the width tends to decrease first and then increase overall. Similarly, the rule of first increasing and then decreasing is not limited to continuous increasing and continuous decreasing if a certain trend is satisfied. The rules of first decreasing and then increasing and first increasing and then decreasing described below shall refer to the description in this paragraph.

[0073] In the following, each implementation for achieving the low side lobe effect will be specifically described in detail.

[0074] In the implementation, the width of the gap between the coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 is changed. This realizes a low side lobe effect. Specifically, the number of the first coupling stubs is three or more. For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the first group of the radiating element 21 may include five first coupling stubs. The five first coupling stubs are the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e, respectively. Between the first coupling stub 21a and the microstrip feeder 10, there is a gap a1, between the first coupling stub 21b and the microstrip feeder 10, there is a gap b1, between the first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10, there is a gap c1, between the first coupling stub 21d and the microstrip feeder 10, there is a gap d1, and between the first coupling stub 21e and the microstrip feeder 10, there is a gap e1.

[0075] To achieve the low-side lobe effect, the gap between the first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 first decreases and then increases from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the width of the gap e1 between the first coupling stub 21e and the microstrip feeder 10 is h1, the width of the gap d1 between the first coupling stub 21d and the microstrip feeder 10 is h2, the width of the gap c1 between the first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10 is h3, the width of the gap b1 between the first coupling stub 21b and the microstrip feeder 10 is h4, the width of the gap a1 between the first coupling stub 21a and the microstrip feeder 10 is h5, and h1>h2>h3<h4<h5. In other words, among the first group of radiating elements 21, the width of the gap c1 between the middle first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10 is the smallest. The widths of the gaps a1 between the first coupling stub 21a at both ends and the microstrip feeder 10 and the gap e1 between the first coupling stub 21e and the microstrip feeder 10 are the largest. Thus, among the first group of radiating elements 21, a weighted design with a small middle gap and large end gaps is formed between the first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0076] The width of the gap between the first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 satisfies the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end 10a to the second end of the microstrip feeder 10. This realizes the low-side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter-wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible. 10b

[0077] ​Alternatively, the number of the second coupling stubs is 3 or more. For example, as shown in FIG. 2C, the second group of the radiating elements 22 may include five second coupling stubs. The five second coupling stubs are the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e, respectively.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 2C, among the second group of the radiating elements 22, the width of the gap e2 between the second coupling stub 22e and the microstrip feeder 10 is f1, the width of the gap d2 between the second coupling stub 22d and the microstrip feeder 10 is f2, the width of the gap c2 between the second coupling stub 22c and the microstrip feeder 10 is f3, the width of the gap b2 between the second coupling stub 22b and the microstrip feeder 10 is f4, and the width of the gap a2 between the second coupling stub 22a and the microstrip feeder 10 is f5, where f1 > f2 > f3 < f4 < f5. In other words, among the second group of the radiating elements 22, the width of the gap c2 between the middle second coupling stub 22c and the microstrip feeder 10 is the smallest. The widths of the gaps a2 between the second coupling stub 22a at both ends and the microstrip feeder 10 and the gap e2 between the second coupling stub 22e and the microstrip feeder 10 are the largest. Thus, among the second group of the radiating elements 22, a weighted design with a small middle gap and large end gaps is formed between the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0079] The width of the gap between the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 satisfies the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. This realizes a low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter-wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible.

[0080] Alternatively, the number of the first coupling stubs is 3 or more, and further, the number of the second coupling stubs is 3 or more. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the first group of the radiating elements 21 may include five first coupling stubs. The five first coupling stubs are the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e, respectively. The second group of the radiating elements 22 may include five second coupling stubs. The five second coupling stubs are the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e, respectively.

[0081] The first coupling stubs and the second coupling stubs are alternately distributed along the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in Fig. 3A, from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10, five first coupling stubs and five second coupling stubs are alternately distributed in the following order: second coupling stub 22a, first coupling stub 21a, second coupling stub 22b, first coupling stub 21b, second coupling stub 22c, first coupling stub 21c, second coupling stub 22d, first coupling stub 21d, second coupling stub 22e, and first coupling stub 21e.

[0082] There are gaps between the microstrip feeder 10 and both the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, there is a gap a1 between the first coupling stub 21a and the microstrip feeder 10, there is a gap b1 between the first coupling stub 21b and the microstrip feeder 10, there is a gap c1 between the first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10, there is a gap d1 between the first coupling stub 21d and the microstrip feeder 10, and there is a gap e1 between the first coupling stub 21e and the microstrip feeder 10. A gap a2 exists between the second coupling stub 22a and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap b2 exists between the second coupling stub 22b and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap c2 exists between the second coupling stub 22c and the microstrip feeder 10, a gap d2 exists between the second coupling stub 22d and the microstrip feeder 10, and a gap e2 exists between the second coupling stub 22e and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0083] The gap between the first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 first decreases and then increases from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the width of the gap e1 between the first coupling stub 21e and the microstrip feeder 10 is h1, the width of the gap d1 between the first coupling stub 21d and the microstrip feeder 10 is h2, the width of the gap c1 between the first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10 is h3, the width of the gap b1 between the first coupling stub 21b and the microstrip feeder 10 is h4, the width of the gap a1 between the first coupling stub 21a and the microstrip feeder 10 is h5, and h1>h2>h3<h4<h5. In other words, among the first group of radiating elements 21, the width of the gap c1 between the middle first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10 is the smallest. The widths of the gaps a1 between the first coupling stub 21a at both ends and the microstrip feeder 10 and the gap e1 between the first coupling stub 21e and the microstrip feeder 10 are the largest. Thus, among the first group of radiating elements 21, a weighted design with a small middle gap and large end gaps is formed between the first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0084] The gap between the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 first decreases from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10 and then increases. As shown in FIG. 3A, among the second group of radiating elements 22, the width of the gap e2 between the second coupling stub 22e and the microstrip feeder 10 is f1, the width of the gap d2 between the second coupling stub 22d and the microstrip feeder 10 is f2, the width of the gap c2 between the second coupling stub 22c and the microstrip feeder 10 is f3, the width of the gap b2 between the second coupling stub 22b and the microstrip feeder 10 is f4, and the width of the gap a2 between the second coupling stub 22a and the microstrip feeder 10 is f5, where f1>f2>f3<f4<f5. In other words, among the second group of radiating elements 22, the width of the gap c2 between the middle second coupling stub 22c and the microstrip feeder 10 is the smallest. The widths of the gaps a2 between the second coupling stub 22a at both ends and the microstrip feeder 10 and the gap e2 between the second coupling stub 22e and the microstrip feeder 10 are the largest. Thus, in the second group of radiating elements 22, a weighted design with a small middle gap and large end gaps is formed between the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0085] A simulation test is performed on the antenna shown in FIG. 3A. The test results are shown in FIG. 3D. The curve in FIG. 3D is the return loss curve of the antenna. From this curve, it can be seen that the antenna generates two resonance points at 76 GHz and 81 GHz. As a result, the bandwidth can be extended to 5 GHz, and a larger bandwidth can be achieved. FIG. 3E is the radiation pattern of the antenna. As shown in FIG. 3E, the low side lobes are implemented at the operating frequencies of 76 GHz, 77 GHz, 78 GHz, 79 GHz, 80 GHz, and 81 GHz. Thereby, the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter-wave sensor is reduced. In other words, false alarms are less likely to occur.

[0086] Therefore, the width of the gap between both the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 meets the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. This realizes the low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible.

[0087] It should be noted that in some examples, the first group of radiating elements 21 includes, but is not limited to, five first coupling stubs and the second group of radiating elements 22 includes, but is not limited to, five second coupling stubs. For example, the first group of radiating elements 21 may alternatively include between 10 and 20 first coupling stubs and the second group of radiating elements 22 may alternatively include between 10 and 20 second coupling stubs.

[0088] It is noted that the quantity of first coupling stubs in the first group of radiating elements 21 may be the same as the quantity of second coupling stubs in the second group of radiating elements 22. Of course, in some examples, the quantity of first coupling stubs in the first group of radiating elements 21 may alternatively be different from the quantity of second coupling stubs in the second group of radiating elements 22. For example, the quantity of first coupling stubs in the first group of radiating elements 21 may be eight, and the quantity of second coupling stubs in the second group of radiating elements 22 may be nine.

[0089] In another implementation, the sum of the quantity of the first coupling stubs and the quantity of the second coupling stubs is 3 or more. For example, the quantity of the second coupling stubs is 2, and the quantity of the first coupling stubs can be 1, or 4, as shown in FIG. 3B. Thus, the sum of the quantity of the first coupling stubs and the quantity of the second coupling stubs is 6. In order to achieve a low side lobe effect, the first coupling stubs and the second coupling stubs are alternately distributed on both sides of the microstrip feeder 10. Moreover, the width of the gap between both the first coupling stubs and the second coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder 10 satisfies the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 3B, the width of the gap b2 between the second coupling stub 22b and the microstrip feeder 10 is f4, the width of the gap a2 between the second coupling stub 22a and the microstrip feeder 10 is f5, the width of the gap d1 between the first coupling stub 21d and the microstrip feeder 10 is h2, the width of the gap c1 between the first coupling stub 21c and the microstrip feeder 10 is h3, the width of the gap b1 between the first coupling stub 21b and the microstrip feeder 10 is h4, and the width of the gap a1 between the first coupling stub 21a and the microstrip feeder 10 is h5, and h2>h3. <h4<f4<h5<f5である。

[0090] The width of the gap between the microstrip feeder 10 and both the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub on both sides of the microstrip feeder 10 meets the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. This realizes the low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible.

[0091] In the above two implementations, when the width of the gap between the first coupling stub and / or the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 satisfies the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10, specifically, it should be noted that the width of the gap between the first coupling stub and / or the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 has a tendency to first decrease and then increase as a whole from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, the width of the gap between the first coupling stub and / or the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 may have a tendency to first decrease sequentially and then increase sequentially from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. Or, the width of the gap between the first coupling stub and / or the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 may have a tendency to first decrease, then be the same, and then increase from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10.

[0092] Alternatively, the same width of the gap may exist in the process of decreasing or increasing. For example, as shown in FIG. 3C, h0 = h1> h2> h3 <h4 <h5, and f1> f2> f3 <f4 <f5. Alternatively, in some other examples, h0> h1 = h2> h3 <h4 <h5, and f1> f2> f3 = f4 <f5. Therefore, the width of the gap between both the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 has a tendency to first decrease and then increase as a whole, but is not limited to the tendency of first decreasing sequentially and then increasing sequentially.

[0093] In a possible implementation, the width of the gap between the microstrip feeder 10 and any first coupling stub is 0.076 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less. For example, h1 may be 0.8 mm, h2 may be 0.7 mm, h3 may be 0.6 mm, h4 may be 0.5 mm, and h5 may be 0.4 mm. The width of the gap satisfies the rule that the width of the gap first decreases and then increases from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. Alternatively, the width of the gap between the microstrip feeder 10 and any second coupling stub is 0.076 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less. For example, f1 may be 0.85 mm, f2 may be 0.75 mm, f3 may be 0.65 mm, f4 may be 0.55 mm, and f5 may be 0.45 mm. The width of the gap first decreases and then increases from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. Or, the width of the gap between the microstrip feeder 10 and any first coupling stub and the width of the gap between the microstrip feeder 10 and any second coupling stub are 0.076 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less. The width of the gap between the microstrip feeder 10 and the first coupling stub and the width of the gap between the microstrip feeder 10 and the second coupling stub are 0.076 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less. This may ensure that the coupling feed can be implemented between each coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 to avoid the reduction of the coupling effect caused by an excessively large gap and the difficulty of resonance caused by an excessively small gap. Here, it should be noted that the values ​​and value ranges included in this application are approximate values. Due to the influence of the manufacturing process, there may be an error within a certain range, and those skilled in the art may consider the error to be negligible.

[0094] It shall be noted that the gaps between the coupling stubs of the first group of radiating elements 21 may be equal to the gaps between the coupling stubs of the second group of radiating elements 22. For example, the size of gap e1 may be equal to the size of gap e2, i.e. f1=h1. The size of gap d1 may be equal to the size of gap d2, i.e. f2=h2. The size of gap c1 may be equal to the size of gap c2, i.e. f3=h3. The size of gap b1 may be equal to the size of gap b2, i.e. f4=h4. The size of gap a1 may be equal to the size of gap a2, i.e. f5=h5. Alternatively, of course, in some examples, the gaps between the coupling stubs of the first group of radiating elements 21 may be different from the gaps between the coupling stubs of the second group of radiating elements 22. For example, f1≠h1, f2≠h2, f3≠h3, f4≠h4, and f5≠h5.

[0095] In a possible implementation, the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 include at least two groups of adjacent first and second coupling stubs. For example, the first group of radiating elements 21 may include the first coupling stub 21a, and the second group of radiating elements 22 may include the second coupling stub 22a and the second coupling stub 22b, where the first coupling stub 21a is adjacent to the second coupling stub 22a and the second coupling stub 22b separately. Thus, the two groups of adjacent first and second coupling stubs are one group having the first coupling stub 21a and the second coupling stub 22a, and the other group having the first coupling stub 21a and the second coupling stub 22b, respectively. Moreover, the distance between the first coupling stub 21a and the second coupling stub 22a is m9, and the distance between the first coupling stub 21a and the second coupling stub 22b is m8, where m8≠m9. This makes it possible to further achieve low side lobes.

[0096] In any design, the distance between the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub may be the vertical distance between the center of the first coupling stub and the center of the second coupling stub. The above implementation can alternatively be understood as the vertical distance between the centers of two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs being different. Furthermore, it should be noted that in a specific product design and measurement, there may be multiple ways to determine the distance between the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub. This is not particularly limited in this application. For the contents related to the distance between the coupling stubs of other parts, please refer to the description in this paragraph.

[0097] In this embodiment of the present application, the adjacent first coupling stub and second coupling stub specifically refer to the first coupling stub and one or two nearest second coupling stubs, or can be understood as the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub adjacent in the extension direction of the microstrip feeder.

[0098] In this embodiment of the present application, the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 include, but are not limited to, two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs. The first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 may include at least two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs. Optionally, when the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 include at least two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs, the distances between adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs in any two groups included in the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 are different.

[0099] For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the distance between the second coupling stub 22a and the first coupling stub 21a is m9, the distance between the second coupling stub 22b and the first coupling stub 21a is m8, the distance between the second coupling stub 22b and the first coupling stub 21b is m7, the distance between the second coupling stub 22c and the first coupling stub 21b is m6, and the distance between the second coupling stub 22c and the first coupling stub 21c is m9. The distance between the first coupling stub 21c and the second coupling stub 22d is m4, the distance between the second coupling stub 22d and the first coupling stub 21d is m3, the distance between the first coupling stub 21d and the second coupling stub 22e is m2, and the distance between the second coupling stub 22e and the first coupling stub 21e is m1, where m1 ≠ m2 ≠ m3 ≠ m4 ≠ m5 ≠ m6 ≠ m7 ≠ m8 ≠ m9.

[0100] In either of the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22, the distance between the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub adjacent to each other is 0.4λ g Above 0.6λ g and λ g is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the dielectric plate 200a using the first coupling stub or the second coupling stub, or λ g can be understood to be the wavelength in the dielectric material. The dielectric material is the dielectric plate 200a configured to support the microstrip feeder 10 and the coupling stub. In any design, λ g may be 2.26 millimeters (mm), and / or the distance between adjacent first and second coupling stubs in any group may be greater than or equal to 0.904 mm and less than or equal to 1.356 mm, e.g., m1=1 mm, m2=1.05 mm, m2=1.1 mm, m4=1.15 mm, m5=1.18 mm, m6=1.2 mm, m7=1.25 mm, m8=1.28 mm, and m9=1.3 mm.

[0101] In a possible implementation, the distance between adjacent first and second coupling stubs in any group included in the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 may be greater than or equal to 1.0 mm and less than or equal to 1.3 mm.

[0102] As shown in FIG. 4, the distance between two adjacent first coupling stubs in the first group of radiating elements 21 is 0.4λ g That's it, and 1.2λ again. g Optionally, λ g 2.26 mm, the distance m11 between two adjacent first coupling stubs in the first group of the radiating element 21 is equal to or larger than 0.904 mm and equal to or smaller than 2.7 mm. As shown in Fig. 4, the distance m11 between the first coupling stub 21c and the first coupling stub 21d in the first group of the radiating element 21 may be 2.0 mm, or the distance m11 between the first coupling stub 21c and the first coupling stub 21d in the first group of the radiating element 21 may be 2.4 mm.

[0103] The distance between two adjacent second coupling stubs in the second group of radiating elements 22 is 0.4λ g That's it, and 1.2λ again. g Optionally, λ g 2.26 mm, the distance between two adjacent second coupling stubs in the second group of radiating elements 22 m10 is equal to or greater than 0.904 mm and equal to or less than 2.7 mm. For example, the distance m10 between the second coupling stub 22b and the second coupling stub 22c in the second group of the radiating element 22 may be 1.8 mm, or the distance m10 between the second coupling stub 22b and the second coupling stub 22c in the second group of the radiating element 22 may be 2.3 mm.

[0104] It should be noted that in this embodiment of the present application, the first coupling stubs and the second coupling stubs are alternately distributed along the microstrip feeder 10, so the distance between two adjacent first coupling stubs or the distance between two adjacent second coupling stubs may be greater than the distance between the first coupling stubs and the second coupling stubs adjacent to each other. For example, m11 may be greater than m4. Or m10 may be greater than m6.

[0105] In a possible implementation, the antenna further includes a matching stub 23. At least one matching stub is disposed on at least one side of one or more first coupling stubs of the at least one first coupling stub. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, one matching stub 23 is disposed on one side of each first coupling stub. Alternatively, of course, in some examples, the matching stub 23 may be disposed on one or both sides of some first coupling stubs. Or, at least one matching stub is disposed on at least one side of one or more second coupling stubs of the at least one second coupling stub. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, one matching stub 23 is disposed on one side of each second coupling stub. Alternatively, of course, in some examples, the matching stub 23 may be disposed on one or both sides of some second coupling stubs. Alternatively, at least one matching stub 23 may be arranged on at least one side of one or more first coupling stubs of the at least one first coupling stub and at least one side of one or more second coupling stubs of the at least one second coupling stub.

[0106] There are gaps between the matching stub and the microstrip feeder 10, and between the matching stub and the one or more first coupling stubs and / or the one or more second coupling stubs. In this way, the bandwidth covered by the antenna is larger because coupling is implemented between the matching stub 23 and the first coupling stub and / or the second coupling stub.

[0107] In another implementation, as shown in Fig. 6, the matching stub 23 is disposed on both sides of the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub. There is a gap between both the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub and the matching stub 23 on both sides. There is a gap between the matching stub 23 and the microstrip feeder 10. Since the matching stub 23 is disposed on both sides of the coupling stub, the radiation performance of the antenna is improved, and the bandwidth covered by the antenna is larger. It should be noted that the matching stub 23 specifically refers to a matching radiator for increasing the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0108] In a possible implementation, the width of the coupling stubs can be changed based on changing the width of the gap between the coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder 10 to further achieve a low side lobe effect. In this embodiment of the present application, the quantity of the first coupling stubs is equal to or greater than 3, and the quantity of the second coupling stubs is equal to or greater than 3. The width of at least one second coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. The width of at least one first coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. As shown in FIG. 7A, the widths of the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e are g5, g4, g3, g2, and g1, respectively, and g5 <g4 <g3>g2>g1. In the first group of radiating elements 21, the width of the intermediate first coupling stub 21c is the largest, and the widths of the first coupling stubs 21a and 21e at both ends are the smallest.

[0109] The widths of the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e are k5, k4, k3, k2, and k1, respectively. <k4 <k3>k2>k1. That is, in the second group of radiating elements 22, the width of the intermediate second coupling stub 22c is the largest, and the widths of the second coupling stubs 22a and 22e at both ends are the smallest.

[0110] In the embodiment of the present application, the width of the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub meets the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. This further realizes the low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible.

[0111] Alternatively, in some examples, the number of the second coupling stubs is 3 or more. The width of at least one second coupling stub satisfies a rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 7B, the widths of the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e are k5, k4, k3, k2, and k1, respectively, and k5 is k4, k5 is k3, k2, and k1. <k4 <k3>k2>k1. The widths of the first coupling stubs in the first group of radiating elements 21 may be the same.

[0112] Alternatively, in some examples, the number of first coupling stubs is three or more. The width of at least one first coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. In FIG. 7A, the change in width of the first coupling stubs in the first group of radiating elements 21 (e.g., g5 <g4 <g3>g2>g1).

[0113] The width of the at least one second coupling stub and / or the width of the at least one first coupling stub satisfy a rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. Specifically, the width of the at least one second coupling stub and / or the width of the at least one first coupling stub satisfy a rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. Overall It should be noted that the width of the at least one second coupling stub and / or the width of the at least one first coupling stub satisfy the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. It does not mean that the width of the at least one second coupling stub and / or the width of the at least one first coupling stub satisfy the rule of first increasing and then decreasing sequentially from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, there may be the same width of two adjacent coupling stubs when the width of the at least one second coupling stub and / or the width of the at least one first coupling stub decreases or increases from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10.

[0114] In a possible implementation, the width of at least one first coupling stub and at least one second coupling stub is 0.076 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less, or the width of any first coupling stub and any second coupling stub is 0.076 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less. For example, the widths of first coupling stub 21a, first coupling stub 21b, first coupling stub 21c, first coupling stub 21d, and first coupling stub 21e are g5, g4, g3, g2, and g1, respectively, where g5=0.2, g4=0.4, g3=0.6, g2=0.4, and g1=0.2. The widths of the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e are k5, k4, k3, k2, and k1, respectively, where k5=0.1, k4=0.5, k3=0.9, k2 = 0.5, and k1 = 0.1.

[0115] In a possible implementation, the length of the at least one first coupling stub and the length of the at least one second coupling stub are 0.4λ g Above 0.6λ g or less, or the length of any first coupling stub and the length of any second coupling stub are less than 0.4λ g Above 0.6λ g and λ g is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the dielectric plate 200a using the first coupling stub or the second coupling stub, or λ g can be understood to be the wavelength in the dielectric material. The dielectric material is the dielectric plate 200a configured to support the microstrip feeder 10 and the coupling stub. In any design, λ g may be 2.26 millimeters (mm), and / or the length of the at least one first coupling stub and the length of the at least one second coupling stub, or the length of any first coupling stub and the length of any second coupling stub, is greater than or equal to 0.904 mm and less than or equal to 1.356 mm.

[0116] In a possible implementation, the length of the first coupling stub and the length of the second coupling stub may be the same, or the length of at least one of the first coupling stubs and the length of at least one of the second coupling stubs are the same. The length of the first coupling stub and the length of the second coupling stub may be 1.0 mm or more and 1.2 mm or less. For example, as shown in FIG. 7A, the lengths of the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e are L5, L4, L3, L2, and L1, respectively, where L5=L4=L3=L2=L1=1.1 mm, or L5=L4=L3=L2=L1=1.2 mm.

[0117] The lengths of the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e are L5, L4, L3, L2, and L1, respectively, where L5=L4=L3=L2=L1=1.0 mm, or L5=L4=L3=L2=L1=1.15 mm.

[0118] Of course, in some examples, the length of the first coupling stub and the length of the second coupling stub may be different. For example, the length of the first coupling stub may also first increase and then decrease from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. The length of the second coupling stub may also first increase and then decrease from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10.

[0119] In a possible implementation, at least one first coupling stub, or at least one second coupling stub, or both, are rectangular or trapezoidal patches, or any of the first coupling stubs, or any of the second coupling stubs, or both, may be rectangular or trapezoidal patches.

[0120] Of course, in some other examples, the shape of the first and second coupling stubs may include, but is not limited to, a rectangle or a trapezoid. For example, the shape may be a polygon or a circle instead. The rectangular patch may specifically be a metal patch, for example, a copper sheet or an aluminum sheet.

[0121] [Embodiment 2] In this embodiment of the present application, the width of the first coupling stub and / or the second coupling stub is changed to achieve low side lobes. For example, the gaps between at least one first coupling stub and / or at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10 are the same. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the gaps a1, b1, c1, d1, and e1 between the five first coupling stubs (i.e., the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e) and the microstrip feeder 10 may be the same. The gaps a2, b2, c2, d2, and e2 between the five second coupling stubs (i.e., the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e) and the microstrip feeder 10 may be the same.

[0122] In order to achieve a low side lobe effect, the number of the first coupling stubs may be 3 or more, and the number of the second coupling stubs may be 3 or more. Also, the width of at least one first coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. The width of at least one second coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10.

[0123] For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the widths of the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e are g5, g4, g3, g2, and g1, respectively. <g4 <g3>g2>g1. In the first group of radiating elements 21, the width of the intermediate first coupling stub 21c is the largest, and the widths of the first coupling stubs 21a and 21e at both ends are the smallest.

[0124] The widths of the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e are k5, k4, k3, k2, and k1, respectively. <k4 <k3>k2>k1. In other words, in the second group of radiating elements 22, the width of the intermediate second coupling stub 22c is the largest, and the widths of the second coupling stubs 22a and 22e at both ends are the smallest.

[0125] Alternatively, the number of the first coupling stubs may be three or more, and the width of at least one of the first coupling stubs satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. As shown in FIG. 8B, the widths of the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e are g5, g4, g3, g2, and g1, respectively, and g5 is smaller than the width of the first coupling stub 21a. <g4 <g3>g2>g1. In the first group of radiating elements 21, the width of the intermediate first coupling stub 21c is the largest, and the widths of the first coupling stubs 21a and 21e at both ends are the smallest.

[0126] Alternatively, the number of second coupling stubs may be three or more, and the width of at least one second coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. As shown in FIG. 8C, the widths of the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e are k5, k4, k3, k2, and k1, respectively, and k5 is k4, k5 is k3, k5 is k2, and k5 is k1. <k4 <k3>k2>k1.

[0127] Alternatively, in a possible implementation, the sum of the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub and the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is equal to or greater than 3. The widths of the at least one first coupling stub and the at least one second coupling stub satisfy the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 8D, the first coupling stub 21b, the second coupling stub 22a, and the second coupling stub 22b are disposed on both sides of the microstrip feeder 10. The widths of the first coupling stub 21b, the second coupling stub 22a, and the second coupling stub 22b are g4, k5, and k4, respectively. The widths of the three coupling stubs first increase and then decrease from the first end 10a (e.g., the top end) to the second end 10b (e.g., the bottom end) of the microstrip feeder 10. That is, k5 <k4>It is g4.

[0128] In this embodiment of the present application, there is a gap between both the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10. In this way, a resonant structure (i.e., LC) is formed between both the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10, and the antenna generates another resonance. In this way, the antenna can generate two resonance points, achieve a larger bandwidth, and increase the range resolution of the millimeter wave radar. The width of the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub first increases and then decreases from the first end 10a to the second end of the microstrip feeder 10, which realizes a low side lobe effect and reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor, and avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible.

[0129] In a possible implementation, when the width of at least one second coupling stub and / or the width of at least one first coupling stub meets the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10, specifically, the width of at least one second coupling stub and / or the width of at least one first coupling stub has a change trend of first increasing and then decreasing as a whole from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 8E, k5 <k4<k3=k0> k2>k1, also g5 <g4 <g3>g2>g1=g0. Therefore, there may be the same width of adjacent coupling stubs when the width of at least one second coupling stub and / or the width of at least one first coupling stub increases first and then decreases from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10. However, the coupling stubs have a tendency to change from the first end 10a to the second end 10b of the microstrip feeder 10, increasing first and then decreasing as a whole.

[0130] In a possible implementation, the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 include at least two groups of adjacent first and second coupling stubs. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the first group of radiating elements 21 may include the first coupling stub 21a, and the second group of radiating elements 22 may include the second coupling stub 22a and the second coupling stub 22b. In this way, the two groups of adjacent first and second coupling stubs are one group having the first coupling stub 21a and the second coupling stub 22a, and the other adjacent group having the first coupling stub 21a and the second coupling stub 22b, respectively. In addition, the distance between the first coupling stub 21a and the second coupling stub 22a is n9, and the distance between the first coupling stub 21a and the second coupling stub 22b is n8, where n8 ≠ n9. This can achieve even lower side lobes. Optionally, the distance may be the vertical distance between the centers of two coupling stubs.

[0131] In this embodiment of the present application, the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 include, but are not limited to, two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs. The first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 may include at least two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs. When the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 include at least two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs, the distances between adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs are different in any two groups included in the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22.

[0132] For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the distance between the second coupling stub 22a and the first coupling stub 21a is n9, the distance between the second coupling stub 22b and the first coupling stub 21a is n8, the distance between the second coupling stub 22b and the first coupling stub 21b is n7, the distance between the second coupling stub 22c and the first coupling stub 21b is n6, and the distance between the second coupling stub 22c and the first coupling stub 21c is n7. The distance between the first coupling stub 21c and the second coupling stub 22d is n4, the distance between the second coupling stub 22d and the first coupling stub 21d is n3, the distance between the first coupling stub 21d and the second coupling stub 22e is n2, and the distance between the second coupling stub 22e and the first coupling stub 21e is n1, where n1 ≠ n2 ≠ n3 ≠ n4 ≠ n5 ≠ n6 ≠ n7 ≠ n8 ≠ n9.

[0133] In any group included in the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22, the distance between the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub adjacent to each other is 0.4λ g Above 0.6λ g and λ g is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the dielectric plate 200a using the first coupling stub or the second coupling stub, or λ g can be understood to be the wavelength in the dielectric material. The dielectric material is the dielectric plate 200a configured to support the microstrip feeder 10 and the coupling stub. In any design, λ g may be 2.26 millimeters (mm), and / or the distance between adjacent first and second coupling stubs in any group may be greater than or equal to 0.904 mm and less than or equal to 1.356 mm, e.g., n1=1 mm, n2=1.05 mm, n2=1.1 mm, n4=1.15 mm, n5=1.18 mm, n6=1.2 mm, n7=1.25 mm, n8=1.28 mm, and n9=1.3 mm.

[0134] In a possible implementation, the distance between adjacent first and second coupling stubs in any group included in the first group of radiating elements 21 and the second group of radiating elements 22 may be greater than or equal to 1.0 mm and less than or equal to 1.3 mm.

[0135] In a possible implementation, as shown in FIG. 9, the distance n11 between two adjacent first coupling stubs (e.g., the first coupling stub 21e and the first coupling stub 21d) in the first group of the radiating element 21 is 0.4λ. g That's it, and 1.2λ again. g Optionally, λ g 2.26 mm, the distance between two adjacent first coupling stubs in the first group of radiating elements 21 n11 is equal to or larger than 0.904 mm and equal to or smaller than 2.7 mm. For example, the distance n11 between the first coupling stub 21c and the first coupling stub 21d in the first group of the radiating element 21 may be 2.5 mm, or the distance n11 between the first coupling stub 21c and the first coupling stub 21d in the first group of the radiating element 21 may be 2.3 mm.

[0136] The distance n10 between two adjacent second coupling stubs (e.g., the second coupling stub 22b and the second coupling stub 22c) in the second group of the radiating element 22 is 0.4λ g That's it, and 1.2λ again. g Optionally, λ g is 2.26 mm, the distance between two adjacent second coupling stubs in the second group of radiating elements 22 is not less than 0.904 mm and not more than 2.7 mm. For example, the distance n10 between the second coupling stub 22b and the second coupling stub 22c in the second group of radiating elements 22 may be 2.26 mm, or the distance n10 between the second coupling stub 22b and the second coupling stub 22c in the second group of radiating elements 22 may be 2.52 mm.

[0137] In this embodiment of the present application, the first coupling stubs and the second coupling stubs are alternately distributed along the microstrip feeder 10, so that the distance between two adjacent first coupling stubs or the distance between two adjacent second coupling stubs may be greater than the distance between the first coupling stubs and the second coupling stubs adjacent to each other. For example, n11 may be greater than n2. Or, n10 may be greater than n6.

[0138] In a possible implementation, the antenna further includes a matching stub 23. At least one matching stub is disposed on at least one side of one or more first coupling stubs of the at least one first coupling stub. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, one matching stub 23 is disposed on one side of each first coupling stub. Alternatively, of course, in some examples, the matching stub 23 may be disposed on one or both sides of some first coupling stubs. Or, at least one matching stub is disposed on at least one side of one or more second coupling stubs of the at least one second coupling stub. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, one matching stub 23 is disposed on one side of each second coupling stub. Alternatively, of course, in some examples, the matching stub 23 may be disposed on one or both sides of some second coupling stubs. Alternatively, at least one matching stub 23 may be arranged on at least one side of one or more first coupling stubs of the at least one first coupling stub and at least one side of one or more second coupling stubs of the at least one second coupling stub.

[0139] There are gaps between the matching stub and the microstrip feeder 10, and between the matching stub and the one or more first coupling stubs and / or the one or more second coupling stubs. In this way, the antenna covers a larger bandwidth because coupling is implemented between the matching stub 23 and the first coupling stub and / or the second coupling stub.

[0140] In another implementation, as shown in Fig. 11, the matching stub 23 is disposed on both sides of the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub. There is a gap between both the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub and the matching stub 23 on both sides. There is a gap between the matching stub 23 and the microstrip feeder 10. Since the matching stub 23 is disposed on both sides of the coupling stub, the radiation performance of the antenna is improved and the bandwidth covered by the antenna is larger.

[0141] The present application further provides a method for preparing the antenna provided in the above embodiment, the method comprising the steps of:

[0142] Step (a): Form at least one microstrip feeder 10 on one surface of the dielectric plate 200a. For example, as shown in FIG. 12A, form one microstrip feeder 10 on the first surface 210 of the dielectric plate 200a. The microstrip feeder 10 may be arranged to extend from one end of the dielectric plate 200a (e.g., the upper end of FIG. 12A) to the other end (e.g., the lower end of FIG. 12A).

[0143] Step (b): Form a first group of radiating elements 21 on a first side of the microstrip feeder 10, and / or form a second group of radiating elements 22 on a second side of the microstrip feeder 10. The first group of radiating elements 21 includes at least one first coupling stub. The second group of radiating elements 22 includes at least one second coupling stub. For example, as shown in FIG. 12A, the first group of radiating elements 21 is formed on the first side of the microstrip feeder 10, and the second group of radiating elements 22 is formed on the second side of the microstrip feeder 10. Of course, in some examples, the first group of radiating elements 21 may be formed on the first side of the microstrip feeder 10 (as shown in FIG. 2B), and the second group of radiating elements 22 may be formed on the second side of the microstrip feeder 10 (as shown in FIG. 2C).

[0144] A gap is formed between at least one first coupling stub and / or at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10. For example, a gap is formed between at least one first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10, or a gap is formed between at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10, or a gap is formed between both at least one first coupling stub and at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10.

[0145] As shown in FIG. 12A, the first group of the radiating elements 21 may include the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e. The second group of the radiating elements 22 may include the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e. A gap exists between the microstrip feeder 10 and each of the first coupling stub 21a, the first coupling stub 21b, the first coupling stub 21c, the first coupling stub 21d, and the first coupling stub 21e. A gap exists between the microstrip feeder 10 and each of the second coupling stub 22a, the second coupling stub 22b, the second coupling stub 22c, the second coupling stub 22d, and the second coupling stub 22e. 。

[0146] There is a gap between at least one first coupling stub and / or at least one second coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10. In this way, a resonant structure (i.e., LC) is formed between both the first coupling stub and the microstrip feeder 10, and the antenna generates another resonance. In this way, the antenna generates two resonance points, realizing a larger bandwidth and increasing the range resolution of the millimeter wave radar.

[0147] In this embodiment of the present application, the dielectric plate 200a may be a printed circuit board (PCB). The dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 200a may be equal to or greater than 2 and equal to or less than 4. The thickness of the dielectric plate 200a may be 5 mils.

[0148] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: before or after the microstrip feeder 10 and at least one group of radiating elements are formed on the first surface 210 of the dielectric plate 200a, a metal ground layer 300 is disposed on the other surface of the dielectric plate 200a. For example, as shown in FIG. 12B, the metal ground layer 300 is formed on the second surface 220 of the dielectric plate 200a. Each coupling stub may be electrically connected to the metal ground layer 300 through a via hole.

[0149] The metal ground layer 300 may completely or partially cover the second surface 220 of the dielectric plate 200a.

[0150] The metal ground layer 300 is specifically a metal layer made of a metallic material.

[0151] It should be noted that the antenna prepared using the preparation method provided in this application is the antenna provided in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. Therefore, in the antenna preparation method, the rules of changing the width, length and gap of the microstrip feeder 10, the first coupling stub and the second coupling stub in the antenna, as well as other parameters and structure changes, shall refer to the descriptions in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2. Details will not be described again here.

[0152] The present application further provides a millimeter wave sensor 100. As shown in FIG. 13A, the millimeter wave sensor 100 includes at least a circuit board 200, a metal ground layer 300 located on one surface of the circuit board 200, and at least one antenna array located on the other surface of the circuit board 200. One or more of the at least one antenna arrays includes at least one antenna in any of the above embodiments. For example, each antenna array may include one antenna (as shown in FIG. 13A). Or, each antenna array may include two antennas. As shown in FIG. 13B, the metal ground layer 300 is located on the back surface of the circuit board 200 (i.e., the downward surface of FIG. 13B). The antenna array is located on the front surface of the circuit board 200 (i.e., the upward surface of FIG. 13A). Through a feed point (e.g., feed point 201, feed point 202, feed point 203, feed point 204, feed point 205, or feed point 206), each microstrip feeder 10 may be electrically connected to the feed of the radio frequency module. Specifically, the feed point is electrically connected to the feed through the feeder. It should be noted that the feed is a signal source in the radio frequency module.

[0153] In a possible implementation, as shown in FIG. 13A, the at least one antenna array includes at least one transmitting antenna array 101 and at least one receiving antenna array 102. Any transmitting antenna array and any receiving antenna array include at least one antenna. For example, as shown in FIG. 13A, the transmitting antenna array 101 and the receiving antenna array 102 are arranged on a circuit board 200 at intervals. Each transmitting antenna array 101 and each receiving antenna array 102 may include at least one antenna in any of the above embodiments. Furthermore, the antenna microstrip feeder 10 is electrically connected to the feed of the circuit board 200. The antenna microstrip feeder 10, the first coupling stub, and the second coupling stub are arranged on one surface of the circuit board 200. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present application, the circuit board 200 may be the dielectric plate 200a of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, and embodiment 3.

[0154] In a possible implementation, the circuit board 200 may be a high-frequency circuit board. A high-frequency circuit board is a special circuit board with a high electromagnetic frequency. In general, high frequency may be defined as a frequency above 1 GHz. This circuit board has high requirements for physical performance, precision, and technical parameters, and is often used in the fields of automobile collision prevention systems, satellite systems, or wireless systems. In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness H of the circuit board 200 may be 5 mil. That is, the thickness H of the circuit board 200 may be 0.127 mm.

[0155] In possible implementations, the dielectric constant of the circuit board 200 may be greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4. For example, the dielectric constant of the circuit board 200 may be 3 or 2.5.

[0156] It should be noted that the antenna in this embodiment of the present application may be any antenna in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2. Therefore, for the structure of the antenna, refer to the contents of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2. In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the antenna is not described in detail.

[0157] The millimeter wave sensor 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the antenna of any of the above embodiments, realizes a larger bandwidth, increases the distance resolution of the millimeter wave radar, and meets the requirements for achieving a 5 GHz bandwidth with a long distance resolution. In addition, it realizes a low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level of the millimeter wave sensor 100, and avoids the false alarm problem of the millimeter wave sensor 100 as much as possible. Therefore, when used in a terminal, the millimeter wave sensor 100 can improve the terminal's Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS) capability in autonomous driving or assisted driving. The millimeter wave sensor 100 can be used in Internet of Vehicles, such as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), Long Term Evolution-Vehicle (LTE-V), and Vehicle-to-Vehicle.

[0158] The present application further provides a terminal 400. The terminal 400 may be a fixed or mobile terminal with a sensor, such as, for example, a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a robot, a smart home device, or a smart manufacturing device.

[0159] In the embodiment of the present application, an example in which the terminal 400 is a vehicle is particularly used for explanation. The vehicle may be an electric vehicle / battery electric vehicle (abbreviated as EV), an electric food delivery trolley, or an electric delivery vehicle. Alternatively, the terminal 400 may be a pure electric vehicle / battery electric vehicle (abbreviated as PEV / BEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (abbreviated as HEV), a range extended electric vehicle (abbreviated as REEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (abbreviated as PHEV), and a new energy vehicle.

[0160] As shown in Fig. 14, the terminal 400 includes at least a main body 401 and at least one sensor arranged on the main body 401. The at least one sensor includes at least one millimeter wave sensor 100 in any of the above-described embodiments. For example, in Fig. 14, three sensors are arranged on the main body 401. All of the three sensors may be the millimeter wave sensors 100 in the above-described embodiments, or one or two of the three sensors may be the millimeter wave sensors 100 in the above-described embodiments. In the embodiments of the present application, an example in which all three sensors are millimeter wave sensors 100 is used specifically for explanation.

[0161] 14 , two millimeter-wave sensors 100 are arranged on the front bumper of the main body 401, and one millimeter-wave sensor 100 is arranged on the rear bumper of the main body 401. It should be noted that the number of millimeter-wave sensors 100 is three, but is not limited to this. For example, the millimeter-wave sensors 100 may be arranged separately on both sides of the main body 401.

[0162] It should be noted that the structure of the body 401 refers to the structure of an existing vehicle, and the details will not be described again in this embodiment of the present application.

[0163] In this embodiment of the present application, the mmWave sensor 100 is a mmWave radar, a mmWave distance sensor, or a mmWave ambient light sensor.

[0164] The terminal provided in this embodiment of the present application includes the millimeter wave sensor 100, which realizes a larger bandwidth, increases the range resolution of the millimeter wave radar, meets the requirements for realizing a bandwidth of 5 GHz with a long range resolution, and ensures accurate detection of the vehicle 40 in long-range and medium-range scenarios. In addition, it realizes a low side lobe effect, reduces the false alarm probability of the minor lobe level for the millimeter wave sensor 100, avoids the false alarm problem of the radar as much as possible, and ensures accurate detection of the terminal. Furthermore, since the millimeter wave sensor 100 realizes a larger bandwidth and a low side lobe effect, the millimeter wave sensor 100 included in the terminal can improve the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) capability of the terminal in autonomous driving or assisted driving. For example, it may be used in Internet of Vehicles, such as Vehicle to Everywhere (V2X), Long Term Evolution Vehicle (LTE-V), Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), etc.

[0165] It should be noted that in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited, the terms "installed", "connected with" and "connected" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, the connection may be a fixed connection, may be an indirect connection using an intermediate medium, may be an internal connection between two elements, or an interactive relationship between two elements. For those with ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the aforementioned terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood based on the specific circumstances.

[0166] Devices or elements in the embodiments of this application, or implied devices or elements, have a specific orientation and must be constructed and operated in a specific direction and should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless strictly and specifically specified otherwise.

[0167] In the description, claims and accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (when present) are intended to distinguish between similar objects, but do not necessarily indicate a particular order or sequence. It is to be understood that such designated data are interchangeable in appropriate circumstances, such that the embodiments of the present application described herein may be performed in an order other than that shown or described. In addition, "comprises", "has", and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units, which is not necessarily limited to the steps or units expressly recited, but may include other steps or units not expressly recited or inherent in such a process, method, product or device.

[0168] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, other than limiting the embodiments of the present application. Although the embodiments of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can be modified, or part or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced, without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. 1. An antenna including a microstrip feeder disposed on one surface of a dielectric plate, the antenna further comprising at least one of a first group of radiating elements located on a first side of the microstrip feeder or a second group of radiating elements located on a second side of the microstrip feeder; the first group of radiating elements includes at least one first coupling stub, and the second group of radiating elements includes at least one second coupling stub; a gap exists between at least one of the first coupling stubs and / or at least one of the second coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder; The first group of radiating elements and the second group of radiating elements include two groups of adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs, the distances between the adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs in the two groups are different, the lengths of the first coupling stubs are equal to each other, and the lengths of the second coupling stubs are equal to each other; antenna.

2. the number of the at least one first coupling stub is 3 or more, and / or the number of the at least one second coupling stub is 3 or more; the width of the gap between at least one of the first coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder satisfies the rule that the width of the gap first decreases and then increases from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder; and / or 2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein a width of a gap between at least one of the second coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder satisfies the rule that the width of the gap first decreases and then increases from a first end to a second end of the microstrip feeder.

3. a sum of the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub and the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is 3 or more; 3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein a width of a gap between at least one of the first coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder and a width of a gap between at least one of the second coupling stubs and the microstrip feeder satisfy the rule of first decreasing and then increasing from a first end to a second end of the microstrip feeder.

4. 4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein at least one said first coupling stub and at least one said second coupling stub are alternately distributed on two sides of said microstrip feeder.

5. the number of the at least one first coupling stub is 3 or more, and / or the number of the at least one second coupling stub is 3 or more; the width of at least one of the first coupling stubs satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder; and / or 5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the width of at least one second coupling stub satisfies the rule of first increasing and then decreasing from the first end to the second end of the microstrip feeder.

6. a sum of the quantity of the at least one first coupling stub and the quantity of the at least one second coupling stub is 3 or more; 5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein a width of at least one of the first coupling stubs and a width of at least one of the second coupling stubs satisfy a rule of first increasing and then decreasing from a first end to a second end of the microstrip feeder.

7. 7. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs is different in any two groups included in the first group of radiating elements and the second group of radiating elements.

8. In any group included in the first group of radiating elements and the second group of radiating elements, the distance between adjacent first coupling stubs and second coupling stubs is d1 millimeters; d1 is 0.4λ ｇ ≦d1≦0.6λ ｇ and λ ｇ 8. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein .lambda. is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave transmitted through the dielectric plate using the first coupling stub or the second coupling stub.

9. the width of the gap between the microstrip feeder and any first coupling stub is greater than or equal to 0.076 mm and less than or equal to 0.9 mm; and / or 9. An antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the width of the gap between the microstrip feeder and any second coupling stub is greater than or equal to 0.076mm and less than or equal to 0.9mm.

10. At least one matching stub is disposed on at least one side of one or more of the at least one first coupling stubs; and / or at least one matching stub is disposed on at least one side of one or more of the at least one second coupling stubs; 10. The antenna of claim 1, wherein gaps exist between the matching stub and the microstrip feeder, and between the matching stub and one or more of the first coupling stubs and / or one or more of the second coupling stubs.

11. At least one matching stub is disposed on at least one side of any first coupling stub among the at least one first coupling stub and any second coupling stub among the at least one second coupling stub; 11. An antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein there are gaps between the matching stub and the microstrip feeder, and between the matching stub and any first coupling stub and any second coupling stub.

12. 12. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the matching stubs are disposed above and below any first coupling stub and any second coupling stub.

13. The length of the at least one first coupling stub and the length of the at least one second coupling stub are equal to or greater than 0.4λ. ｇ More than or equal to 0.6λ ｇ or The length of any first coupling stub and the length of any second coupling stub are 0.4λ ｇ More than or equal to 0.6λ ｇ and λ ｇ 13. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein λ is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave transmitted through the dielectric plate using the first coupling stub or the second coupling stub.

14. A width of at least one of the first coupling stubs and a width of at least one of the second coupling stubs are equal to or greater than 0.076 mm and equal to or less than 0.9 mm; or 14. An antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the width of any first coupling stub and the width of any second coupling stub are equal to or greater than 0.076 mm and equal to or less than 0.9 mm.

15. At least one of the first coupling stubs or at least one of the second coupling stubs or both are rectangular or trapezoidal patches; or 15. An antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein any first coupling stub or any second coupling stub or both are rectangular or trapezoidal patches.

16. 16. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the number of first coupling stubs is five and / or the number of second coupling stubs is five.

17. A circuit board; a metal ground layer disposed on a first surface of the circuit board; at least one antenna array disposed on the second surface of the circuit board; 17. A mmWave sensor, wherein one or more of the at least one antenna arrays comprises at least one antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The at least one antenna array includes at least one transmit antenna array and at least one receive antenna array; 20. The mmWave sensor of claim 17, wherein any of the transmit antenna arrays and any of the receive antenna arrays include at least one antenna, the antenna's microstrip feeder being electrically connected to the circuit board feed.

19. 19. The millimeter wave sensor according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the thickness of the circuit board is 5 mils (0.127 mm).

20. The millimeter wave sensor according to claim 17 , wherein the dielectric constant of the circuit board is 2 or more and 4 or less.

21. The main body, At least one sensor disposed on the body, A terminal, wherein at least one of the sensors comprises at least one mmWave sensor according to any one of claims 17 to 20.

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