Control signal generating device for an electrical system - Patents.com

Abstract

The present invention relates to a generating device (40) for a control signal for an electrical system (S), comprising: an analog block (46) connected to an input (42) and an output (44) of the generating device (40), the analog block (46) having an electrical circuit with passive analog components, a measurement component, and a generator; and a digital block (50) having at least one digitally controllable component (70), wherein the passive analog components of the electrical circuit are configured to generate a first component of the control signal, the generator of the electrical circuit is configured to generate a second component of the control signal, and the electrical circuit is configured to sum the generated first and second components to obtain the control signal.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a control signal generating device for an electrical system. The invention also relates to an audio system including such a device. The invention also relates to an associated method. [Background technology]

[0002] Passivite' de'crits the fact that a system cannot produce energy spontaneously, but can only store and / or dissipate it. As an example, a network of resistors, diodes, coils or capacitors (linear or nonlinear) connected to a loudspeaker will modify the mechanical and acoustic behavior of the loudspeaker, but will not generate persistent vibrations (Larsen effect) or instabilite's. Passivity guarantees this robustness. More generally, a passive physical system satisfies a power balance of the type dE(t) / dt=Pext(t)-Pdis(t) (time variation of stored energy = externally contributed power - dissipated power) with a positive dissipated power Pdis (or zero in the conservative case).

[0003] In the case of complex controls, the control may be implemented in real-time digital form, i.e. using an embedded system including an analog-to-digital converter, an electrical signal generator and a hardware digital computer. The calculation of the control signal is then rendered after a latency period equivalent to a delay, here denoted as T. Such a delay is inherent in any control performed by a digital hardware system (microprocessor, DSP, microcontroller, FPGA) due to the time spent for the calculation.

[0004] However, introducing delays into the feedback loop can degrade the passive characteristics and thus render the control ineffective or even destabilize it. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Therefore, a need exists for a device that allows for passive control of a system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] To this end, the invention relates to a device for generating control signals for an electrical system, comprising: an input for input signals originating from an electrical system, the input signals being analog signals representing a voltage, a current, a voltage, a current, - an output for a control signal, the control signal being an analog signal representative of a current, a voltage, respectively, the control signal having a first component and a second component; an analog block connected to the input and output of the generating device, the analog block comprising an electric circuit having passive analog components with a first characteristic passive impedance, components for measuring currents and voltages respectively, and a generator for currents and voltages respectively; a digital block having at least one digitally controllable component; - an analog-to-digital converter connected between the analog block and the digital block; - a digital-to-analog converter connected between the analog block and the digital block, a passive analog component of the electrical circuit is configured to generate a first component of the control signal, a generator of the electrical circuit is configured to generate a second component of the control signal, and the electrical circuit is configured to sum the generated first and second components to obtain the control signal; an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert measurements of the input signal made by the measurement component of the analog block to digital to obtain a converted input signal; The controllable components of the digital block are configured to generate a digital output signal as a function of a model of a digital controller connected to the transformed input signal and to a passive digital component having a second characteristic passive impedance, the value of the second characteristic impedance being selected as a function of the value of the first characteristic impedance, The digital-to-analog converter is configured to convert the digital output signal to analog to obtain control of the generator, and a second component of the control signal generated by the generator is a function of the control obtained from the digital block, related to the generating device.

[0007] According to other advantageous aspects, the production device has one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or according to all technically possible combinations: - Passive analog components and passive digital components are of the same nature. Each of the passive analog and digital components is a resistor. If the input signal represents a voltage and the control signal represents a current, the second characteristic impedance is greater than or equal to the first characteristic impedance. If the input signal represents a current and the control signal represents a voltage, the second characteristic impedance is less than or equal to the first characteristic impedance. - if the input signal represents a voltage and the control signal represents a current, then the measurement component is a voltage measurement component, the generator is a current generator, and passive analog components are connected in parallel with the input and output ends, and in parallel with the generator and measurement component. - If the input signal represents a current and the control signal represents a voltage, then the measurement component is a current measurement component, the generator is a voltage generator, and the passive analog component is connected in series with the generator and the measurement component between the input end and the output end. - if the input signal represents a voltage and the control signal represents a current, the model is a model of a digital controller in series with passive digital components, If the input signal represents a current and the control signal represents a voltage, then the model is a model of a digital controller connected in parallel with passive digital components. - Controllable components are: converting the converted input signal from the analog-to-digital converter into a first intermediate signal representative of the output wave as a function of the second characteristic impedance; converting the first intermediate signal into a second intermediate signal representing voltage and current, respectively, as a function of a second characteristic impedance; Calculating a third intermediate signal as a function of the second intermediate signal and the model; converting the third intermediate signal into a fourth intermediate signal representative of the output wave as a function of the second characteristic impedance; A fourth intermediate signal, which represents a voltage and a current, is calculated as a function of the second characteristic impedance based on a digital output signal (S s-num ) The controllable component 70 is selected from the list consisting of a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a microcontroller and a programmable gate array.

[0008] The invention also relates to an audio system, such as a speaker, comprising the device described above.

[0009] The invention also relates to a method for generating a control signal for an electrical system from a generating device as previously described, comprising the steps of: - receiving at an input of the generating device an input signal originating from an electrical system, the input signal being an analog signal representative of a voltage and a current, respectively; - converting the measurements of the input signal made by the measurement components of the analog block into a digital form to obtain a converted input signal; - generating a digital output signal via a controllable component of a digital block; - converting the digital output signal to analog to obtain control of the generator in an electrical circuit; - generating a first component of a control signal via passive analog components of an electrical circuit; - generating a second component of the control signal via a generator of the electrical circuit as a function of the control obtained from the digital block; - summing the first component and the second component generated by the electric circuit to obtain a control signal. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a direct connection between a physical system S and a digital controller Sc. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the physical system S of FIG. 1 to a digital controller Sc via a passive transmission line that introduces a delay (outbound T / 2 and inbound T / 2). [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a physical system S to a delayed passive controller formed by hardware analog and digital blocks. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the analog block of FIG. 3 in the case of an admittance type controller. [Diagram 5]FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the analog block of FIG. 3 in the case of an impedance type controller. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system Scr including a controller Sc connected to passive analog components in the case of an admittance type controller. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system Scr including a controller Sc connected to passive analog components in the case of an impedance type controller. [Figure 8] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method implemented by components of the digital block of FIG. 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following description of embodiments of the invention, given by way of example only and with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0012] Figure 1 illustrates the state of the art in a schematic way, in which a physical system S to be electrically controlled is directly connected to a discrete-time passive digital controller Sc (controller nume'rique passif Sc a' temps discret) via a real-time hardware digital computer 20 and an analog-to-digital converter 22 and a digital-to-analog converter 24. As shown in this figure, a delay T in the signal returned to the system S degrades the passive properties.

[0013] The principle of the invention consists in artificially enclosing the delay T inherent in the hardware computer within a virtual passive electrical transmission line 30 shown in Figure 2. Such a transmission line introduces an outbound T / 2 and an inbound T / 2 delay. The principle at the origin of the artificial enclosing of the delay T within the transmission line is summarized below.

[0014] A system S (respectively Sc) has (at least) one electrical port characterized by a voltage Vs and a current Is (respectively voltage Vsc and current Isc). Let us hypothetically connect these two systems to either side of a transmission line. The propagation is described by two transport equations, the solution of which is given by W + / - Outbound / return waves, denoted as W + represents the outbound wave, W - denotes the inbound wave). Here, lossless one-dimensional transmission in a medium with characteristic impedance r (in ohms) is considered.

[0015] The outbound return wave variables associated with S and Sc are Ws and Sc, respectively. + / - and Wsc + / - The incoming wave in Sc at the instant t is equal to the outgoing wave in S at the instant tT / 2, i.e. Wsc - (t)=Ws + (tT / 2), and mutually, from S to Sc to Ws - (t)=Wsc + (tT / 2), which implies a total round trip duration of T.

[0016] The voltage (Vs, Vsc) and current (Is, Isc) are determined by the inbound / outbound wave variable Ws through the following variable changes: + / - and Wsc + / - is converted to

number

number

[0017] In equation (2), an instantaneous relationship (no delay) exists between Vs and Is through r. This relationship is realized physically by placing passive analog components between S and the computer.

[0018] The remaining parts of the transformation, i.e. (i) the transformation (2) that is removed from the instantaneous relationship between Vs and Is, (ii) (Vc, Ic) as (Wsc + , W.S.C. - ) is digitally transferred into the computer.

[0019] Furthermore, for the stationary system Sc, Ws + and Wsc - The delay between + and Ws - By propagating between Wsc + and Ws - The delay between T (and Ws + and Wsc - (no delay between) can be equally considered.

[0020] Thus, rather than directly interfacing a physical system S with a passive digital controller Sc, the present invention consists of: - interfacing a physical system S with an analog circuit comprising a generator and passive analog components, where the impedance of the passive analog components is intended to represent the characteristic impedance of a virtual electrical transmission line; - modifying (according to an appropriate algorithm) the hardware digital computer 20 in such a way that the controller Sc is seen through the transmission line. This modification consists in simulating the system Scr (no longer Sc) encapsulated in a series of algebraic operations reproducing the previous equation (1).

[0021] This configuration allows the inherent delays to be built into the hardware computer in a passive fashion.

[0022] Implementation of general principles Figure 3 illustrates a device 40 for generating control signals for an electrical system S. By "electrical system" is meant an electrically controlled system.

[0023] The generating device 40 is a system of admittance type or impedance type. An admittance type system is one that can receive a voltage and return a current. An impedance type system is one that can receive a current and return a voltage (An impedance type system is a system that receives a current and returns a voltage).

[0024] The generating device 40 includes an input 42 , an output 44 , an analog block 46 , an analog-to-digital converter 48 , a digital block 50 and a digital-to-analog converter 52 .

[0025] The input 42 is capable of receiving input signals Vc, Ic coming from the electrical system S. The input signals Vc, Ic are analog signals representative of a voltage Vc if the generating device 40 is of the admittance type, or of a current Ic if the generating device 40 is of the impedance type.

[0026] The output 44 can deliver control signals Is, Vs to the electrical system S. The control signals Is, Vs are analog signals representing a current Is if the generating device 40 is of the admittance type, or a voltage Vs if the generating device 40 is of the impedance type.

[0027] The analog block 46 is connected to the input terminal 42 and the output terminal 44 of the generating device 40 .

[0028] As illustrated by FIGS. 4 and 5, the analog block 46 includes a hardware electrical circuit 60 that includes passive analog components 62, a component 64 for measuring the input signals Vc, Ic, and a generator 66.

[0029] In particular, as illustrated by Fig. 4 (Type Norton), if the generating device 40 is of the admittance type, the measuring component 64 is a voltage measuring component, e.g. a voltmeter, and the generator 66 is a current generator. The passive analog component 62 is connected in parallel between the input terminal 42 and the output terminal 44, and in parallel with the generator 66 and the measuring component 64.

[0030] 5 (Type Thevenin), when the generating device 40 is of impedance type, the measuring component 64 is a current measuring component, e.g. an ammeter, and the generator 66 is a voltage generator. A passive analog component 62 is connected in series with the generator 66 and the measuring component 64 between the input terminal 42 and the output terminal 44.

[0031] In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the passive analog component 62 is a dissipative component, for example a resistor.

[0032] In a variant, the passive analog component 62 is a capacitor or an inductor.

[0033] The electrical circuit 60 is configured to generate control signals Is, Vs for the electrical system S resulting from the sum of a first component and a second component, both of which are generated by components of the electrical circuit 60 .

[0034] More specifically, the passive analog components 62 of the electrical circuit 60 are configured to generate a first component of the control signals Is, Vs resulting from the passage of the input signals Vc, Ic through the passive analog components 62. In the Norton case, the first component is a current I1. In the Thevenin case, the first component is a voltage T1.

[0035] The generator 66 of the electric circuit 60 is configured to generate a second component of the control signals Is, Vs as a function of the control received by the generator 66. The control is generated by the digital block 50 as described in the remainder of this specification. The generator 66 is thus controlled by the digital block 50 and generates the second component as a function of the received control originating from the digital block 50. In the Norton case, the second component is a current I2. In the Thévenin case, the second component is a voltage T2.

[0036] An analog-to-digital converter 48 is connected between the output of the analog block 46 and the input of the digital block 50 .

[0037] The analog-to-digital converter 48 converts the measurements of the input signals Vc, Ic made by the measurement components 64 of the analog block 46 into digital form to produce a converted input signal S that can be read by the digital block 50. E-C It is configured to obtain

[0038] The digital block 50 includes at least one digitally controllable component 70. The controllable component 70 is a physical element. More specifically, the controllable component 70 is a computer.

[0039] For example, the digitally controllable component 70 may be a microprocessor, a digital signal processor ("Digital Signal Processor"; DSP), a microcontroller, or a field-programmable gate array ("Field-Programmable Gate Array"; FPGA).

[0040] The controllable component 70 receives the converted input signal S E-C and a model Scr of the digital controller Sc connected to a passive digital component having a second characteristic impedance, s-num is configured to generate

[0041] The passive analog components and the passive digital components are of the same nature, for example, the passive analog component 62 and the passive digital components are each resistors.

[0042] The value of the second characteristic impedance is selected as a function of the value of the first characteristic impedance.

[0043] In particular, if the generating device 40 is of the admittance type, the second characteristic impedance is equal to or greater than the first characteristic impedance, and if the generating device 40 is of the impedance type, the second characteristic impedance is equal to or less than the first characteristic impedance.

[0044] In effect, a transmission line is conservative if the first and second characteristic impedances are equal. Nevertheless, in practice, the first characteristic impedance is known only within a certain accuracy range, which prevents exact equality. For example, for a resistor, the first characteristic impedance is denoted R and the second characteristic impedance is denoted r. For an admittance, r ≥ R, and the power dissipated by the imaginary line is (1 / R-1 / r) * S s-num 2 ≧0, where S s-num is the digital output signal. For impedances r≦R, the power dissipated by the imaginary line is (Rr) * S s-num 2 ≧0.

[0045] A digital controller Sc is a linear or nonlinear discrete-time dynamic system intended to control an electrical system S. This digital controller Sc is of admittance type (voltage input v(n) and current input i(n)) or impedance type (current input i(n) and voltage output v(n)).

[0046] Advantageously, the digital controller Sc is passive, i.e. it satisfies the equation [E(n+1)-E(n)] / T=Pext(n)-Pdis(n), with Pdis(n)≧0, where the externally contributed power Pext(n) is the “input-output” product, i.e. v(n)-i(n) in both cases.

[0047] The model Scr of the digital controller Sc connected to passive digital components corresponds to the addition of a feedback loop to the controller Sc. This model relates new "voltage w(n) and current j(n)" pairs.

[0048] In particular, in the embodiment illustrated by Fig. 6, the passive digital components are impedance resistive r and the generating device 40 is of the admittance type. In this case, the model Scr is a model of a digital controller Sc connected in series with a passive digital component having impedance r. The loop is expressed in the form w(n) = v(n) + ri(n) & j(n) = i(n). The power dissipated by the passive digital components is Pr(n) = ri(n). 2 is obtained from.

[0049] In the embodiment illustrated by Fig. 7, the passive digital components are resistors with impedance r and the generating device 40 is of impedance type. In this case, the model Scr is a model of a digital controller Sc connected in parallel with a passive digital component with impedance r. The loop is expressed in the form w(n) = v(n) & j(n) = i(n) + v(n) / r. The power dissipated by the passive digital components is Pr(n) = v(n). 2 Obtained from / r.

[0050] In these embodiments, the assembly S is passive since the passive digital components with impedance r add dissipation to the controller S. Indeed, since v(n)i(n)=-Pr(n)+w(n)j(n), the power balance is: [E(n+1)-E(n)] / T=-[Pdis(n)+Pr(n)]+w(n).j(n) where w(n).j(n) represents the power contributed from outside to the assembly Scr, where the power dissipated by the assembly Scr is Pdis(n)+Pr(n)≧Pdis(n)≧0.

[0051] In one embodiment, the digital controller Sc is described by the following equations: These equations are provided for the case of a digital controller that is of admittance type with input v(n) and output i(n). Such a controller is expressed by: - state vector x(n) of size Nx, - Equations for the dynamics of that state as a function of the input v(n) δx(n) / T=[J(x(n))-M(x(n))]▽ d H(x(n),δx(n))+G(x(n))v(n) (e.1) During the ceremony, x(n+1)=x(n)+δx(n) J: Size N x ×N xAntisymmetric matrix of M: Size N x ×N x positive symmetric matrix G: Size N x Vector of H: positive predefined normal scalar function ▽ d :▽ d An operator such that H(x(n),δx(n)).δx(n)=H(x(n+1))-H(x(n)). - the equation for its output i(n) i(n)=G(x(n)) T ▽ d H(x(n),δx(n)) (e.2)

[0052] The energy of the controller Sc is defined by E(n)=H(x(n)). According to (e.1) and (e.2), we can then write [E(n+1)-E(n)] / T=i(n)v(n)-∇ d H(x(n), δx(n)) T M(x(n))∇ d H(x(n), δx(n)) During the ceremony, ▽ d H(x(n), δx(n)) T M(x(n))▽ d H(x(n),δx(n))≧0 (positive or zero dissipative power)

[0053] The passivity of a discrete-time system is guaranteed by: [E(n+1)-E(n)] / T≦i(n).v(n)

[0054] Solution constructions for equations (e.1) and (e.2) can be found in the literature (see, for example, Itoh T., & Abe, K. (1988), Hamiltonian-conserving discrete canonical equations based on variational difference quotients. Journal of Computational Physics, 76(1), 85-102, or Falaize, A., & Helie, T. (2016), Passive guaranteed simulation of analog audio circuits: a port-Hamiltonian approach. Applied Sciences, 6(10), 273).

[0055] In this case, the model of the system Scr, including the controller Sc connected to passive digital components with impedance r, is given by the following equation: First, the input / output loops associated with the system Scr are written as follows (see FIG. 6): v(n) = w(n) - ri(n) Substituting this into equation (e.1), we get: δx(n) / T=[J(x(n))-M * (x(n))]▽ d H(x(n),δx(n))+G(x(n))w(n) In addition, M * (x(n))=M(x(n))+rG T (x(n))G(x(n))≧0.

[0056] Therefore, the same solution can be used to simulate Sc and Scr. In fact, to go from Sc to Scr, we need M and M, which have the same properties. * (positive symmetric matrix) and it is sufficient to substitute

[0057] To generate the digital output signal Ss-num, the controllable component 70 is configured to implement a method including, for example, the steps illustrated in the flow chart of FIG.

[0058] The method includes: converting a converted input signal S from an analog-to-digital converter 48; E-C a first intermediate signal S representing the output wave as a function of the second characteristic impedance int1 More specifically, the first intermediate signal S int1 represents the output wave of the virtual transmission line, i.e., the wave transmitted by the virtual transmission line of characteristic impedance r from the physical system S to the digital controller Sc.

[0059] For example, if the generating device 40 is of the admittance type and the passive digital component is a resistor with impedance r, the first intermediate signal S int1 is the transformed input signal S E-C To

number

[0060] For example, if the generating device 40 is of the impedance type and the passive digital components are resistors with impedance r, then the first intermediate signal S int1 is the transformed input signal S E-C To

number

[0061] The method comprises: int1 a second intermediate signal S as a function of a second characteristic impedance representing a voltage or current to be applied to the controller Sc int2 The method includes a step 110 of converting the

[0062] For example, if the generating device 40 is of the admittance type and the passive digital component is a resistor with impedance r, then the second intermediate signal S int2 is the first intermediate signal S int1 To

number

[0063] For example, if the generating device 40 is of the impedance type and the passive digital component is a resistor with impedance r, then the second intermediate signal S int2 is the first intermediate signal S int1 To

number

[0064] The method further comprises: int3 the second intermediate signal S int2 and the model Scr as a function of the step 120. Thus, the third intermediate signal S int3 is obtained by simulating a digital signal Scr that reproduces the original passive system Sc interfaced with a transmission line of characteristic impedance r. This step therefore makes it possible to obtain the value of the current or voltage output by the assembly formed by the controller Sc connected to passive digital components.

[0065] If the generating device 40 is of the admittance type, the third intermediate signal S int3represents a current. If the generating device 40 is of the impedance type, the third intermediate signal S int3 represents the voltage.

[0066] The method further comprises: int3 a fourth intermediate signal S representing the output wave as a function of the second characteristic impedance r int4 The step 130 includes converting the

[0067] For example, if the generating device 40 is of the admittance type and the passive digital component is a resistor with impedance r, the fourth intermediate signal S int4 is the third intermediate signal S int3 To

number

[0068] For example, if the generating device 40 is of the impedance type and the passive digital components are resistors with impedance r, then the fourth intermediate signal S int4 is the third intermediate signal S int3 To

number

[0069] The method further comprises generating a fourth intermediate signal S int4 , the digital output signal S of the controllable component 70 as a function of the second characteristic impedance r. s-num The method includes a step 140 of converting the

[0070] For example, if the generating device 40 is of the admittance type and the passive digital components are resistors with impedance r, then the digital output signal S s-num is the third intermediate signal S int+3 To

number

[0071] For example, if the generating device 40 is of an impedance type and the passive digital components are resistors with impedance r, then the digital output signal S s-num is the third intermediate signal S int3 To

number

[0072] A digital-to-analog converter 52 is connected between the input of the analog block 46 and the output of the digital block 50 .

[0073] Advantageously, analog-to-digital converter 48 and digital-to-analog converter 52 are synchronized about a common clock signal.

[0074] The digital-to-analog converter 52 produces a digital output signal S s-num to obtain an analog control of the generator 66 which induces the generator 66 to generate the second component of the control signal Is, Vs.

[0075] The operation of the generating device 40 will now be described.

[0076] First, the generating device 40 receives as inputs the input signals Vc, Ic from the electrical system S.

[0077] A passive analog component 62 of the electrical circuit 60 generates a first component of the control signals Is, Vs as a function of the input signals Vc, Ic.

[0078] A generator 66 of the electrical circuit 60 generates the second component of the control signals Is, Vs as a function of the control received from the digital block 50 .

[0079] The generated first and second components are summed at the output of the electrical circuit 60 to form the control signals Is, Vs.

[0080] The control of the generator 66 is obtained by the following steps: Converting the measurements of the input signals Vc, Ic to digital by the analog-to-digital converter 48 to obtain the converted input signal S E-C get.

[0081] A controllable component 70 of the digital block 50 then generates a digital output signal S corresponding to the digital control of the generator 66. s-num Generate.

[0082] Digital output signal S s-num is converted to analog by the digital-to-analog converter 52, which makes it possible to obtain an analog control of the generator 66. As a function of the control received, the generator 66 generates a second component of the control signal Is, Vs.

[0083] The generating device 40 is therefore designed to passively regulate the electrically controlled system S. This makes it possible in particular to preserve the passivity of the connection in the presence of delays between the continuous-time system to be controlled and the discrete-time system. The "continuous-time / discrete-time" peculiarities mean that these results do not apply, since the results of the state of the art concern only the continuous or only the digital domain.

[0084] By combining analog hardware elements (on the continuous time part), digital hardware elements and algorithmic elements (on the discrete time part), generating device 40 enables the realization of a "half physical, half digital" passive virtual transmission line.

[0085] The generating device 40 also takes into account, in the development of the method, the difficulty of combining the characteristic impedances of a transmission line in its physical hardware form R and its digital clone r by artificially distinguishing these forms. Combining this approach with dissipative analysis leads to an ordering relationship between R and r. That is, the method provides conditions that make it possible to guarantee passivity, taking into account uncertainties on R (potential sensitivity to temperature, variations over time, etc.).

[0086] The generating device 40 is intended in particular to be used for controlling audio systems, such as speakers, in particular corrected speakers for HiFi, sound absorbing devices for studios and concert halls, extended musical instruments or for the physical reconstruction of linear or non-linear impedance loads of virtual musical instruments.

[0087] More generally, the generating device 40 is applicable to any physical system to be actuated, for example vibration and sound absorbers for aviation and transportation, vibrating surface controllers (acoustic diffusion without speakers) or mechatronic system stabilizers.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be noted that, for example, additional information from physical sensors (conditioned and digitally converted signals) collected or not from the physical system S, or digital signals (target trajectory, set point or other types of information) can be provided to the controller Sc. It should also be noted that it may also be possible to replace the digital controller with a balanced output system or a passive system with a digital connection port.

Claims

1. A device (40) for generating control signals (Is; Vs) for an electrical system (S), comprising: an input (42) for an input signal (Vc; Ic) coming from said electrical system (S), said input signal (Vc; Ic) being an analog signal representing a voltage and a current, respectively; an output (44) for the control signals (Is; Vs), the control signals (Is; Vs) being analog signals representing a current and a voltage, respectively, the control signals (Is; Vs) having a first component and a second component; an analog block (46) connected to the input (42) and to the output (44) of the generating device (40), the analog block (46) comprising an electric circuit (60) having a passive analog component (62) with a first characteristic passive impedance (R), a current and voltage measuring component (64) respectively, and a current and voltage generator (66), a digital block (50) having at least one digitally controllable component (70); an analog-to-digital converter (48) connected between said analog block (46) and said digital block (50); a digital-to-analog converter (52) connected between said analog block (46) and said digital block (50), the passive analog component (62) of the electrical circuit (60) is configured to generate the first component of the control signal (Is; Vs); the generator (66) of the electric circuit (60) is configured to generate the second component of the control signal (Is; Vs); the electric circuit (60) being configured to sum the first and second components generated to obtain the control signal (Is; Vs); The analog-to-digital converter (48) converts the measurements of the input signals (Vc; Ic) made by the measurement components (64) of the analog block (46) into digital form to produce converted input signals (S E-C ) The controllable components (70) of the digital block (50) receive the transformed input signal (S E-C ) and a digital output signal (S) as a function of a model (S) of a digital controller (Sc) connected to a passive digital component having a second characteristic passive impedance (r). s-num ) the value of the second characteristic impedance (r) is selected as a function of the value of the first characteristic impedance (R); The digital-to-analog converter (52) produces a digital output signal (S s-num ) to analog, A generating device (40), wherein the second component of the control signal (Is; Vs) generated by the generator (66) is a function of the control obtained from the digital block (50).

2. The device (40) of claim 1, wherein the passive analog components (62) and the passive digital components are of the same nature.

3. The device (40) of claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the passive analog components (62) and the passive digital components is a resistor.

4. if said input signal (Vc) represents a voltage and said control signal (Is) represents a current, said second characteristic impedance (r) is greater than or equal to said first characteristic impedance (R); A device (40) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the input signal (Ic) represents a current and the control signal (Vs) represents a voltage, the second characteristic impedance (r) is less than or equal to the first characteristic impedance (R).

5. if the input signal (Vc) represents a voltage and the control signal (Is) represents a current, then the measurement component (64) is a voltage measurement component and the generator (66) is a current generator, and the passive analog component (62) is connected in parallel with the input (42) and the output (44), and in parallel with the generator (66) and the measurement component (64); A device (40) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the input signal (Ic) represents a current and the control signal (Vs) represents a voltage, the measurement component (64) is a current measurement component, the generator (66) is a voltage generator, and the passive analog component (62) is connected in series with the generator (66) and the measurement component (64) between the input end (42) and the output end (44).

6. if said input signal (Vc) represents a voltage and said control signal (Is) represents a current, said model (Scr) is a model of said digital controller (Sc) connected in series with said passive digital components, A device (40) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the model (Scr) is a model of the digital controller (Sc) connected in parallel with the passive digital components when the input signal (Ic) represents a current and the control signal (Vs) represents a voltage.

7. The controllable element (70) the converted input signal (S) from the analog-to-digital converter (48); E-C ) as a function of the second characteristic impedance (r), int1 ) and said first intermediate signal (S int1 ) as a function of the second characteristic impedance (r), and a second intermediate signal (S int2 ) and said second intermediate signal (S int2 ) and the model (Scr) as a function of the third intermediate signal (S int3 ) and said third intermediate signal (S int3 ) as a function of the second characteristic impedance (r), and a fourth intermediate signal (S int4 ) and the fourth intermediate signal (S int4 ) of the controllable component (70) as a function of the second characteristic impedance (r). s-num 7. The device (40) of claim 1, configured to convert a signal from a light source (10) into a signal from a light source (20).

8. 8. The device (40) of claim 7, wherein the controllable component (70) is selected from the list consisting of a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, and a programmable gate array.

9. 9. An audio system, such as a speaker, comprising a device (40) according to any one of the preceding claims.

10. A method for generating control signals (Is; Vs) for an electrical system (S) from a generating device (40) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: receiving, at the input (42) of the generating device (40), input signals (Vc; Ic) originating from the electrical system (S), said input signals (Vc; Ic) being analog signals representative of voltage and current, respectively; - converting the measurements of the input signals (Vc; Ic) made by the measurement components (64) of the analog block (46) into digital form to obtain a converted input signal (S E-C ) and a digital output signal (S) via said controllable components (70) of said digital block (50); s-num ) said digital output signal (S s-num ) to obtain control of said generator (66) of said electrical circuit (60); - generating said first component of said control signal (Is; Vs) via said passive analogue components (62) of said electrical circuit (60); - generating said second component of said control signal (Is; Vs) via said generator (66) of said electric circuit (60) as a function of said control obtained from said digital block (50); - summing said first and second components generated by said electric circuit (60) to obtain said control signal (Is; Vs).

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