Stator with offset pins for an electric machine

Abstract

To provide a stator with winding made from an easily-manufacturable pin.SOLUTION: A stator 1 for an electromechanical machine includes a plurality of pins 2 and 3 arranged on concentric circles that form different layers at different distances with respect to the center of the stator in a slot 5 of the stator 1. Six pins 2 and 3 in the different layers are connected in series to each other to form winding, and a first pin of the winding is located in a first slot of a 6n-1 layer when n is an integer, a second pin of the wiring is located in a second slot of a 6n layer, the second slot has a first radial distance to the first slot in a first circumferential direction of the stator, a third pin of the winding is located in the first slot of a 6n-2 layer, a fourth pin of the winding is located in the second slot of a 6n-3 layer, a fifth pin of the winding is located in the first slot of a 6n-5 layer, and a sixth pin of the winding is located in the second slot of a 6n-4 layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a stator with offset pins for an electric machine, in particular for an electric motor. [Background technology]

[0002] Electric machines are generally known and are increasingly used as electric motors for driving vehicles. Electric machines consist of a stator and a rotor.

[0003] The stator comprises a number of slots in which the windings are guided. The windings may be formed by insulated copper rods, so-called pins. The rotor is located in the stator and is connected to the rotor shaft.

[0004] Such a pin, U-pin or hairpin motor is known from US 9136738 B2. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] US9136738B2 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT EMBODIMENT It is an object of the present invention to provide a stator having windings made from easily manufacturable pins. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to the invention, a stator for an electric machine comprises a number of pins arranged in slots of the stator on concentric circles forming layers each at different distances relative to a stator center, six pins in the different layers being connected in series with each other to form a winding, a first pin of the winding being arranged in a first slot of a 6n-1th layer, where n is an integer, a second pin of the winding being arranged in a second slot of a 6nth layer, the second slot having a first radial distance relative to the first slot in a first circumferential direction of the stator, a third pin of the winding being arranged in a first slot of a 6n-2th layer, a fourth pin of the winding being arranged in a second slot of a 6n-3th layer, a fifth pin of the winding being arranged in a first slot of a 6n-5th layer and a sixth pin of the winding being arranged in a second slot of a 6n-4th layer.

[0008] This allows the winding to repeatedly wrap around the stator teeth. The layers may be numbered in ascending order from the outside to the inside toward the center of the stator. The number 0 does not belong to the integers mentioned above.

[0009] A stator with a winding according to the invention is easy to manufacture and generates an efficient electromagnetic field. The connection type establishes a conductive connection between the pins in the slots. The connection type can be welding of the conductor to the pin or the pin can be designed in advance as a double pin (so-called U-pin), which establishes a connection immediately upon insertion into the stator. Additionally, welding of the ends of the pins bent towards each other is also a connection type.

[0010] Preferably, the stator has a first end face and a second end face, the first pin and the second pin are connected to each other at the second end face by a first connection type, the second pin and the third pin are connected to each other at the first end face by a second connection type, the third pin and the fourth pin are connected to each other at the second end face by a third connection type, the fourth pin and the fifth pin are connected to each other at the first end face by a fourth connection type, and the fifth pin and the sixth pin are connected to each other at the second end face by a fifth connection type, and the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types are different from each other.

[0011] Multiple connection types can improve manufacturability: by alternating multiple connection types on different end faces, windings can be efficiently formed around the stator teeth located between the slots.

[0012] Due to different bending directions of the pin legs inwards or outwards relative to the stator, the connection types may be different even at the same end face of the stator.

[0013] The stator preferably further comprises at least two windings, at least the sixth pin in the second slot being connected with the seventh pin of the 6n-1th layer in the third slot by a sixth connection type.

[0014] A combination of the above mentioned connection types on different or the same end face of the stator is also possible. One same connection type on the same end face of the stator and different connection types on different end faces of the stator allow for simple and fast manufacturing. For example, the connection is established on one end face by a type of pre-bent pin, a so-called double pin, or U-pin, and the pins are welded to each other individually or one of the double pins is welded on the other end face of the stator. The weld point may come into contact with the leg of the pin or the double pin.

[0015] The pin at the beginning of the winding is preferably an end pin, and the first end pin may be configured as a single pin, for example an I pin.

[0016] In one embodiment of the invention, the distance between the third slot and the second slot is the same first distance as between the second slot and the first slot.

[0017] More preferably, the stator may have a number of windings extending around the entire circumference of the stator to form partial coils.

[0018] The rotating magnetic field produced by such windings has fewer disturbing harmonics and therefore less torque ripple and smaller torque variations, as well as better NVH characteristics. The windings have a symmetrical nature which produces a uniform rotating magnetic field.

[0019] In one embodiment of the invention, the end pin at the beginning or end of the coil may be configured as a single pin, for example an I-pin.

[0020] In other embodiments, one pin each from the three partial coils may be connected to each other by the seventh or eighth connection type to form a coil. These pins may be so-called end pins, since they indicate the end of the partial coils.

[0021] Preferably, the partial coils form six coils, which are assigned to three phases such that the pins from two coils assigned to the same phase are respectively arranged in three adjacent slots.

[0022] Preferably, the inputs of one each of the end pins of the two coils are connected to each other by a ninth connection type.

[0023] Preferably, one output each of the end pins of the two coils are connected to one another and the two coils are switched in parallel and, in particular, assigned to one phase.

[0024] The ninth connection type may be established by a pin or conductive ring connected to the conductor.

[0025] The two coils may be connected in parallel and further supplied in phase, this may be achieved by connecting the combination of the first and seventh endpins or the sixth and twelfth endpins.

[0026] Two coils in the same slot are switched in parallel and supplied with one phase, so that the stator has windings for a three-phase electric machine.

[0027] Furthermore, each of the two phases has nearly identical current-voltage curves, so a six-phase inverter can control only a three-phase motor. Inverters using this configuration allow current division of the switching elements.

[0028] Preferably, the second connection type comprises a first double pin formed from a second pin and a third pin, each of the first double pins having two inwardly bent pin legs each having a welding point and bridging a first radial distance.

[0029] A double pin may consist of one rod bent with two pin-to-pin connections on a first end and the pin legs on a second end.

[0030] A double pin may be inserted into the stator from one end face and welded to the pin legs of another double pin on the other end face.

[0031] The first distance indicates the number of slots that are bridged. Because double pins connect between different layers, the actual spatial distance bridged varies with the location of the pin within a layer.

[0032] Preferably, the fourth connection type comprises a second double pin formed from a fourth pin and a fifth pin, each of the second double pins having two inwardly bent pin legs each having a welding point, bridging the first radial distance.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sixth connection type comprises a third double pin formed from a sixth pin and a seventh or ninth pin, each of the third double pins having two outwardly bent pin legs each having a welding point, bridging the first radial distance.

[0034] Preferably, the seventh connection type comprises a fourth double pin formed from the second or fourth end pin and the third or fifth end pin, each fourth double pin having two outwardly bent pin legs each having a weld point, bridging the second radial distance.

[0035] Preferably, the eighth connection type further comprises a fifth double pin formed from an eighth or tenth end pin and a ninth or eleventh end pin, each fifth double pin having two inwardly bent pin legs each having a welding point, bridging the second radial distance.

[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, the first single pin comprises a first end pin having a pin leg bent in a clockwise direction with a weld.

[0037] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second single pin includes a sixth end pin and has a pin leg bent in a counterclockwise direction with a weld.

[0038] Preferably, the third single pin comprises a seventh end pin and has a pin leg bent in a counterclockwise direction with a weld.

[0039] Preferably, the fourth single pin comprises a twelfth end pin and has a pin leg bent in a clockwise direction with a weld.

[0040] In one embodiment, the first connection type is formed by a welded connection between a first weld point on the pin leg of the third double pin, the fourth double pin, or the first single pin and a second weld point on the pin leg of the first double pin, the fifth double pin, or the third single pin.

[0041] Preferably, the third connection type is formed by a welded connection between a third weld point on the pin leg of the first double pin or the fifth double pin and a fourth weld point on the pin leg of the second double pin.

[0042] Preferably, the fifth connection type is formed by a welded connection between a fifth weld point on the pin leg of the second double pin and a sixth weld point on the pin leg of the third double pin or the fourth double pin or the second single pin.

[0043] In accordance with the present invention, a vehicle includes an electric machine having a stator according to one preferred embodiment. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0044] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows the stator. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows a stator with six slots and six layers. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows a winding scheme for the first partial coil. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a winding scheme for the second partial coil. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 shows a winding scheme for the third partial coil. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows three partial coils and the connections between them, namely the first coil. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows another winding scheme for the first partial coil. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows another winding scheme for the second partial coil. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows another winding scheme for the third partial coil. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows three partial coils and the connections between them, i.e. the second coil. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 shows a stator having two coils, each made up of three partial coils. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows a stator with two other coils. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 shows a stator with two other coils. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 shows a stator having six coils. [Figure 15]FIG. 15 shows the winding scheme of the first coil. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 shows the winding method for the second coil. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 shows two single pins. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 shows two double pins. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 shows the first double pin. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 shows a second double pin. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 shows the third double pin. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows the fourth double pin. [Diagram 23] FIG. 23 shows the fifth double pin. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 shows a vehicle having an electric machine (in particular an electric motor) with a stator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0045] 1 shows a stator 1 having a number of slots 5 in which the pins 2, 3 are guided. The stator 1 has a first end face 7 and an opposite second end face 9. Of course, a rotor is additionally required to drive the electric machine.

[0046] FIG. 2 shows a stator 1 with slots and pins on six layers, where only six slots 51-56 are shown. As an example, pins 21-28 are arranged in the slots. The pins are located adjacent to each other in one slot. In the example of FIG. 2, there is space for six adjacent pins in one slot. The six pins in one slot are located on different concentric circles L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 around the center M of the stator, thereby forming separate layers. The distance between two adjacent slots is a first distance 11, which is the same for all slots shown in FIG. 2.

[0047] FIG. 3 shows the stator 1 of FIG. 2. The concentric circles have been removed for better visibility, but the pins are still located on the concentric circles and therefore on the layers. FIG. 3 shows the pins connected in series with each other. A first end pin 21 is located in a first slot 25 of layer L5. The first pin 21 is connected to a second pin 22 in a second slot 52 by a first connection type 61 shown by a solid line. The second pin 22 is located on layer L6. The first distance 11 between the first slot 51 and the second slot 52 is identical to the distance 11 shown in FIG. 2.

[0048] The second pin 22 is connected to the third pin 23 in the first slot 51 by a second connection type 62 shown by a dashed line. The third pin 23 is located in the same slot as the first pin 21, on layer L4. The third pin 23 is connected to the fourth pin 24 by a third connection type 63 shown by a dense dotted line. The fourth pin 24 is located in the same slot as the second pin 22, the second slot 52. The fourth pin 24 is located on layer L3.

[0049] The fourth pin 24 is connected to the fifth pin 25 in the first slot 51 by a fourth connection type 64 shown by a loose dashed line. The fifth pin 25 is also located in the first slot 51, which is the same slot as the first pin 21 and the third pin 23. The fifth pin 25 is located in layer L1. Therefore, between the third pin 23 and the fifth pin 25 in the first slot 51, there is still space left for two other pins on layers L2, L3. Furthermore, there is still space left for other pins on layer L6 in the first slot 51. The fifth pin 25 is connected to the sixth pin 26 by a fifth connection type 65 shown by a loose dotted line. The sixth pin 26 is located in the second slot 52, which is the same slot as the second pin 22 and the fourth pin 24. The sixth pin 26 is located in layer L2. Therefore, between the second pin 22 and the fourth pin 24 in the second slot 52, there is still space left for two other pins on layers L4, L5. Additionally, space still remains in the second slot 52 at layer L1 for other pins.

[0050] The connections between the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pins form a first winding 41. The first pin 21 is also a first end pin. The first end pin 21 has an input 101 for connection to an energy source (e.g. an inverter). The first end pin 21 is therefore only connected to one other pin, namely the second pin 22. The first end pin 21 may thus be configured as a so-called single pin or I-pin.

[0051] The sixth pin 26 is connected with the seventh pin 27 of layer L5 in the third slot 53 by a sixth connection type 66 indicated by a dotted line. From the seventh pin 27, the aforementioned series connection of successive pins in the stator begins again. The seventh pin 27 is similar to the first pin 21 with a slot offset of 120 degrees with respect to the first pin 21. Unlike the first pin 21, the seventh pin is not an end pin, the seventh pin is connected with two other pins, namely the sixth pin 26 and the other pin of layer L1 in the slot 54.

[0052] The seventh pin 27 is connected in series with the other pins in the slot 54 to form the second winding 42. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61-65 between these pins are identical to the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61-65, respectively, at the pins of the first winding 41.

[0053] The two windings 41, 42 are connected by a sixth connection type 66. A third winding 43 is formed in the other two slots 55, 56 by a continuous series connection. The windings 41, 42, 43 are connected respectively using the sixth connection type 66. Thus, the sixth connection type 66 between each winding is identical. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61-65 between the pins of the third winding 43 are also identical to the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61-65 of the first and second windings 41, 42.

[0054] A fourth winding 44 is formed in the other two slots 57, 58 by successive series connections. The windings 41, 42, 43, 44 are connected respectively using the sixth connection type 66. Thus, the sixth connection type 66 between each winding is identical. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 between the pins of the fourth winding are also identical to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 of the first, second and third windings 41, 42, 43.

[0055] The four windings 41, 42, 43, 44 form a first partial coil in one circuit clockwise around the stator 1. The first pin 21 further has an input 101 for connection to an energy source. The first pin 21 of the winding 41 is therefore a first end pin. The first partial coil terminates at a pin 28 of the third winding 43. The last pin 28 of the third winding 43 is therefore a second end pin. However, unlike the first end pin 21, the second end pin 28 has connections with two other pins, as will be explained in connection with FIG. 6.

[0056] Figure 4 shows the stator 1 of figure 3 and shows six other slots 71-76 which are directly adjacent to the slots 51-56 of figure 3. The distance 11 has the same length as in figure 3.

[0057] Pins 21a-28a are connected in the same manner as pins 21-28 in Fig. 3. The connection types are also the same as in Fig. 3 and are clearly indicated by the same reference numerals. Windings 41a, 42a, 43a are formed in the same manner as described in Fig. 3 and are connected to each other in a clockwise direction by a sixth connection type 66.

[0058] The three windings 41a, 42a, 43a form a second partial coil in one circuit around the stator 1. The second partial coil starts at pin 21a, which is the third end pin. However, unlike the first end pin 21, the third end pin 21a has connections to two other pins, as will be explained in connection with FIG. 6. The second partial coil ends at pin 28a of winding 43a. The last pin 28a of winding 43a is therefore the fourth end pin 28a.

[0059] Figure 5 shows six other slots 81-86 shown in the stator 1 of figures 3 and 4 and immediately adjacent to the slots 71-76 shown in figure 4. The distances 11 have the same length as in figure 3.

[0060] Pins 21b-28b are connected in the same manner as pins 21-28 in Figure 3 and pins 21a-28a in Figure 4. The connection types are also the same as in Figures 3 and 4 and are clearly indicated by the same reference numerals. Windings 41b, 42b, 43b are formed in the same manner as described in Figures 3 and 4 and are connected to each other in a clockwise direction by a sixth connection type 66.

[0061] The three windings 41b, 42b, 43b form a third partial coil as a circuit around the stator 1. The third partial coil starts from pin 21b, which is the fifth end pin. However, unlike the first end pin 21, the fifth end pin 21b has connections with two other pins, as will be explained in connection with FIG. 6. The third partial coil ends at pin 28b of winding 43b. The last pin 28b of winding 43b is therefore the sixth end pin. The sixth end pin 28b is designed similarly to the first end pin 21 and is therefore, for example, a single pin or an I-pin, and has an output 103 for connection to an energy source.

[0062] Figure 6 shows by black boxes the pin assignment to the first, second and third partial coils of figures 3, 4 and 5. Identical reference symbols in the figures indicate identical pins, slots and connections.

[0063] The second end pin 28 of the third winding 43 of the first partial coil of the layer L2 in the slot 56 and the third end pin 21a of the first winding 41a of the second partial coil of the layer L5 in the slot 71 are connected by a seventh connection type 67. The seventh connection type 67 bridges a second distance 13, which is one slot shorter than the first distance 11. The fourth end pin 28a of the winding 43a of the second partial coil of the layer L5 in the slot 76 and the fifth end pin 21b of the first winding 41b of the third partial coil of the layer L2 in the slot 81 are connected by a seventh connection type 67. The seventh connection type bridges the second distance 13.

[0064] In this way, two partial coils are each connected by the seventh connection type 67, and the three partial coils form a first coil 201 having an input section 101 and an output section 103 that is provided via three radial circuits clockwise around the stator.

[0065] Figure 7 shows the stator 1 of Figure 2. The concentric circles have been removed for better visibility, but the pins are still located on the concentric circles and therefore on the layers. Figure 7 shows the pins as black squares on a white background, and indicates which pins are connected in series with each other to form the first partial coil of the second coil 202.

[0066] The first pin 31 is located in the first slot 25 of the layer L6. The first pin 31 is also the seventh end pin 31. The first end pin 31 has an input 105 for connection to an energy source (e.g. an inverter). The seventh end pin 31 is therefore connected only to one other pin, namely the ninth pin 39. The seventh end pin 31 may thus be configured as a so-called single pin or I-pin. The first pin 31, being the seventh end pin, is connected to the ninth pin 39 in the slot 56 by a first connection type 61 shown by a solid line. The ninth pin 39 is located in the layer L5. The first distance 11 between the first slot 51 and the slot 56 is identical to the distance 11 shown in FIG. 2.

[0067] Ninth pin 39 is connected to sixth pin 36 in slot 55 by a sixth connection type 66 shown by a dotted line. Sixth pin 36 is located on layer L2. Sixth pin 36 is connected to fifth pin 35 in slot 54 by a fifth connection type 65 shown by a loose dotted line. Fifth pin 35 is located on layer L1. Fifth pin 35 is connected to fourth pin 34 in slot 55 by a fourth connection type 64 shown by a loose dashed line.

[0068] The fourth pin 34 is connected to the third pin 3 by a third connection type 63, shown by a dense dotted line. The third pin 33 is located in the slot 54. The third pin 33 is located on layer L4. The third pin 33 is connected to the second pin 32 in the slot 55 by a second connection type 62, shown by a short dashed line. The second pin 32 is located on layer L6. The second pin 32 is located in the slot 55 and thus in the same slot as the fourth pin 34 and the sixth pin 36. The second pin 32 is located on layer L6. Therefore, between the second pin 32 and the fourth pin 34 in the second slot 55, there is still space left for two other pins on layers L4, L5. Furthermore, there is still space left for other pins on layer L1 in the slot 55.

[0069] The second pin 32 is connected to the seventh pin 37 in the slot 54 by a first connection type 61 shown by a solid line. The seventh pin 37 is located on layer L5. The seventh pin 37 is located in the slot 54 and is therefore located in the same slot as the third pin 33 and the fifth pin 35. Between the fifth pin 35 and the third pin 33 in the slot 54, there is still space left for two other pins on layers L2, L3. Furthermore, there is still space left for another pin on layer L6 in the slot 54.

[0070] A fourth winding 44 is formed by connections between the second to seventh pins 32 to 37.

[0071] The seventh pin 37 is connected to the tenth pin 36(2) by a sixth connection type 66, shown by a dotted line. The tenth pin 36(2) is located in the third slot 53 of the layer L2. From the tenth pin 36(2), the aforementioned series connection of successive pins in the stator begins again. The tenth pin 36(2) is similar to the sixth pin 36, with a slot offset of 120 degrees relative to the sixth pin 36.

[0072] The fifth winding 45 is formed by a series connection of the tenth pin 36(2) and the other pins in the slot 52. The first to fifth connection types 61-65 between these pins are the same as the first to fifth connection types 61-65 at the pins of the first to fourth windings 41-44, respectively.

[0073] The two windings 44, 45 are connected by a sixth connection type 66. A sixth winding 46 is formed in the other two slots 51, 56 by a successive series connection. The windings 44-46 are connected respectively using the sixth connection type 66. Thus, the sixth connection type 66 between each winding is identical. The first and third to fifth connection types 61, 63-65 between the pins of the sixth winding 46 are also identical to the first and third to fifth connection types 61, 63-65 of the windings 41-45 described above. The sixth winding 46 is completed by a connection of the eighth connection type 68. This connection is shown in FIG. 10 and will be described with reference to FIG. 10.

[0074] The four windings 45 to form a first partial coil as one circuit in the counterclockwise direction around the stator 1. The first partial coil of the second coil 202 terminates at the eighth end pin .

[0075] Figure 8 shows the stator 1 of figure 7 and shows six other slots 71-76 which are directly adjacent to the slots 51-56 of figure 7. The distances 11 have the same length as in the previous figures.

[0076] Pins 31a-39a are connected in the same manner as pins 31-39 in Figure 7. The connection types are also the same as in the previous figures and are clearly indicated by the same reference numbers. Windings 44a, 45a, 46a are formed in the same manner as described in Figure 7 and are connected to each other in a counterclockwise direction by a sixth connection type 66.

[0077] The three windings 44a, 45a, 46a form a second partial coil in one circuit in the counterclockwise direction around the stator 1. The second partial coil starts at pin 31a, which is the ninth end pin. However, unlike the seventh end pin 31, the ninth end pin 31a has connections to two other pins, as will be explained in connection with FIG. 10. The second partial coil ends at pin 38a of winding 46a. Pin 38a of winding 46a is therefore the tenth end pin 38a. Furthermore, winding 46a has two end pins 31a, 38a.

[0078] Figure 9 shows the stator 1 of figures 7 and 8, showing six other slots 81-86 which are immediately adjacent to the slots 71-76 of figure 8. The distances 11 have the same length as in the previous figures.

[0079] Pins 31b-39b are connected in the same manner as pins 31-39 in Figure 7 and pins 31a-39a in Figure 8. The connection types are also the same as in the previous figures and are clearly indicated by the same reference numerals. Windings 44b, 45b, 46b are formed in the same manner as described in Figures 7 and 8 and are connected to each other in a counterclockwise direction by a sixth connection type 66.

[0080] The three windings 44b, 45b, 46b form a third partial coil in one circuit around the stator 1. The third partial coil starts from pin 31b, which is the eleventh end pin. However, unlike the seventh end pin 31, the eleventh end pin 31b has connections with two other pins, as will be explained in connection with FIG. 10. The third partial coil ends at pin 38b of winding 46b. Pin 38b of winding 46b is therefore the twelfth end pin. The twelfth pin 38b is designed similarly to the seventh end pin 31 and is therefore, for example, a single pin or an I pin, and has an output 107 for connection to an energy source.

[0081] Figure 10 shows by black squares on a white background the pin assignment to the first, second and third partial coils of the second coil 202 of Figures 7, 8 and 9. Identical reference symbols in the figures indicate identical pins, slots and connections.

[0082] The eighth end pin 38 of the winding 46 of the first partial coil in the slot 56 of layer L3 and the ninth end pin 31a of the winding 46a of the second partial coil in the slot 71 of layer L1 are connected by an eighth connection type 68. The eighth connection type 68 bridges a second distance 13, which is one slot shorter than the first distance 11. The tenth end pin 38a of the winding 46a of the second partial coil in the slot 76 of layer L3 and the eleventh end pin 31b of the winding 46b of the third partial coil in the slot 81 of layer L1 are connected by an eighth connection type 68.

[0083] Thus, two partial coils are connected each by the eighth connection type 68, and three partial coils form a second coil 201 having an input portion 105 and an output portion 107 provided via three radial circuits clockwise around the stator. The third distance 15 shown in Fig. 10 is two slots shorter than the first distance 11 in the previous figures. Blocks of three adjacent slots occupied by pins of the coil have the third distance 15 from each other.

[0084] 11 shows the first coil 201 and the second coil 202 shown in the previous figures of the stator 1. The same reference numbers as in the previous figures indicate the same pins, slots and connections.

[0085] Figure 12 shows two other coils formed by pins marked with black or white dots. The three partial coils of the coil marked with white dots are formed according to the description of Figures 3-6, with the slots offset 20 degrees in the clockwise direction. The three partial coils of the coil marked with black dots are formed according to the description of Figures 7-10, with the slots offset 20 degrees in the clockwise direction.

[0086] Figure 13 shows two other coils formed by pins marked with a black or white cross. The three partial coils of the coil marked with white cross pins are formed according to the description of Figures 3-6, with the slots offset by 40 degrees in the clockwise direction. The three partial coils of the coil marked with black cross pins are formed according to the description of Figures 7-10, with the slots offset by 40 degrees in the clockwise direction.

[0087] Figure 14 shows the pin assignment of the six coils of Figures 11, 12 and 13 combined. It is clear from the positions of the inputs 101, 105, 111, 121, 125 and the outputs 103, 107, 113, 123, 127 in particular that the interconnection of the coils can be carried out within 24 slots. Thus, for example, in a stator with 54 slots, the interconnection of the inputs and outputs is possible within a little less than half the circumference of the stator. For the inputs or outputs only, separate switching is possible within 13 slots.

[0088] 15 shows the winding scheme of the three partial coils of the first coil 201. The series of "slot numbers" are not reference signs. The reference signs with arrows to the slots are the same as in the previous figures, allowing a comparison with these figures.

[0089] 16 shows the winding scheme for the three partial coils of the second coil 202. The series of "slot numbers" are not reference numbers. The reference numbers with arrows for the slots are the same as in the previous figures, allowing comparison with these figures.

[0090] On the left side of FIG. 17, a first single pin 211, also called I-pin, is shown. The first end pin 21 is arranged, for example, in the first slot 51 of the layer L5 of the stator and is centrally located. The reference numbers are the same as in the previous figures. Viewed from the center of the stator, the first single pin 211 shows the first end face 7 facing upwards. At the lower end, the first single pin 211 has a pin leg 61a with a first weld point 231. The input parts 101, 111, 121 are located at the upper end.

[0091] The second single pin 212 is shown on the right side of Fig. 17. The sixth end pin 28b is centrally located, for example arranged in a slot 86 in layer L2 of the stator. The reference numbers are the same as in the previous figures. Viewed from the centre of the stator, these pins show the first end face 7 upwards. At the lower end, the second single pin 212 has a pin leg 65b with a sixth weld point 236. The outputs 103, 113, 123 are located at the upper end.

[0092] On the left side of FIG. 18, the third single pin 213, also called I-pin, is shown. The seventh end pin 31 is arranged, for example, in the first slot 51 of the layer L6 of the stator and is centrally located. The reference numbers are the same as in the previous figures. Viewed from the center of the stator, the single pin 213 shows the first end face 7 facing upwards. At the lower end, the third single pin 213 has a pin leg 61b with a second weld point 232. The input parts 105, 115, 125 are located at the upper end.

[0093] The fourth single pin 214 is shown on the right side of Fig. 18. The twelfth end pin 38b is arranged, for example, in a slot 86 in layer L4 of the stator and is centrally located. The reference numbers are the same as in the previous figures. Viewed from the center of the stator, these pins show the first end face 7 upwards. At the lower end, the fourth single pin 214 has a pin leg 63a with a third weld point 233. The output parts 107, 117, 127 are located at the upper end.

[0094] 19 shows a first double pin 215 (or U-pin) that establishes a second connection type 62 between the second pin 22, 22a, 22b, 32, 32a, 32b and the third pin 23, 23a, 23b, 33, 33a, 33b. The double pin 215 may bridge the first distance 11 between the slots. At the lower end, the first double pin 215 has two inwardly bent pin legs 63a, 61b with a third weld point 233 and a second weld point 232.

[0095] 20 shows a second double pin 216 (or U-pin) that establishes a fourth connection type 64 between the fifth pin 25, 25a, 25b, 35, 35a, 35b and the fourth pin 24, 24a, 24b, 34, 34a, 34b. The double pin 216 may bridge the first distance 11 between the slots. At the lower end, the second double pin 217 has two inwardly bent pin legs 65a, 63b with a fifth weld point 235 and a fourth weld point 234.

[0096] FIG. 21 shows a third double pin 217 (or U-pin) that establishes a sixth connection type 66 between the sixth pin 26, 26a, 26b, 36, 36a, 36b, 36(2), 36a(2), 36b(2) and the seventh or ninth pin 27, 27a, 27b, 37, 37a, 37b, 39, 39a, 39b. The third double pin 217 may bridge the first distance 11 between the slots. At the lower end, the third double pin 217 has two outwardly bent pin legs 65b, 61a with a sixth weld point 236 and a first weld point 231.

[0097] The distances 11 are the same only in terms of the number of slots bridged. Since the double pins connect between different layers, the actual spatial distances bridged are different.

[0098] 22 shows a fourth double pin 218 (or U-pin) that establishes a seventh connection type 67 between the second or fourth end pin 28, 28a and the third or fifth end pin 21a, 21b. The fourth double pin 218 may bridge a second distance 13 that is one slot shorter than the first distance 11. At the lower end, the fourth double pin 218 has two outwardly bent pin legs 65b, 61a with a sixth weld point 236 and a first weld point 231.

[0099] 23 shows a fifth double pin 219 (or U-pin) establishing an eighth connection type 68 between an eighth or tenth end pin 38, 38a and a ninth or eleventh end pin 31a, 31b. The fifth double pin 219 may bridge a second distance 13 that is one slot shorter than the first distance 11. At the lower end, the fifth double pin 219 has two inwardly bent pin legs 63a, 61b with a third weld point 233 and a second weld point 232.

[0100] The different single and double pins shown in Figs. 17-23 have similar pin legs. The first connection type 61 is formed by welding the first weld 231 of the pin leg 61a to the second weld 232 of the pin leg 61b according to a winding scheme. The third connection type 63 is formed by welding the third weld 233 of the pin leg 63a to the fourth weld 234 of the pin leg 63b according to a winding scheme. The fifth connection type 65 is formed by welding the fifth weld 235 of the pin leg 65a to the sixth weld 236 of the pin leg 65b according to a winding scheme. The single pins are also connected to the double pins by the respective connection types so as to circulate around the stator as a continuous electrical conductor. Fig. 24 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 403 (e.g. a hybrid or electric vehicle) comprising an electric machine 401 (in particular an electric motor) having an exemplary embodiment of a stator 1 for driving the vehicle 403. Additionally, the vehicle 403 may include an inverter 405 that supplies AC current to the electric machine 401 from a DC power source. [Explanation of symbols]

[0101] 1 Stator 2, 3, 21~31b pins 5, 51-58, 71-78 slots 81~88, 91~96 Slots 7 First end surface 9 Second end face 11 1st distance 13 2nd distance 15 3rd distance 21 1st Endpin 28 2nd endpin 21a 3rd endpin 28a 4th endpin 21b 5th endpin 28b 6th Endpin 31 7th Endpin 38 8th Endpin 31a 9th Endpin 38a 10th endpin 31b 11th Endpin 38b 12th Endpin 41~46, 41a~46a, 41b~46b Windings 61 1st Connection Type 62 Secondary Connection Type 63 3rd Connection Type 64 4th Connection Type 65 5th Connection Type 66 6th Connection Type 67 7th Connection Type 68 8th Connection Type 61a, 61b, 63a, 63b, 65a, 65b Pin legs 101, 105, 111, 115, 121, 125 Input section 103, 107, 113, 117, 123, 127 Output section 211 1st Single Pin 212 2nd Single Pin 213 3rd Single Pin 214 4th Single Pin 215 First Double Pin 216 2nd Double Pin 217 3rd Double Pin 218 4th Double Pin 219 5th Double Pin 231 First Welding Point 232 Second Welding Point 233 Third Welding Point 234 4th Welding Point 235 5th Welding Point 236 6th Welding Point 201 First coil 202 Second coil 401 Electrical Machinery 403 Vehicles 405 Inverter L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 layers M Stator centre

Claims

1. A stator (1) for an electric machine (100), comprising: The stator (1) comprises a plurality of pins (21-26) arranged on concentric circles forming layers (L1-L6) at different distances from a stator center (M) in the slots (51-58, 71-78, 81-88) of the stator (1); Six of the pins (21-26) in different layers (L1-L6) are connected in series with each other to form windings (41-43), respectively; a first pin (21, 27) of the winding (41-43) is disposed in a first slot (51, 53, 55) of a 6n-1th layer (L5), where n is an integer; a second pin (22) of the winding (41-43) is disposed in a second slot (52, 54, 56) of a sixth n-th layer (L6), the second slot (52, 54, 56) having a first radial distance (11) with respect to the first slot (51, 53, 55) in a first circumferential direction of the stator (1); a third pin (23) of the winding (41-43) is disposed in the first slot (51, 53, 55) of the 6n-2th layer (L4); a fourth pin (24) of the winding (41-43) is disposed in the second slot (52, 54, 56) of the sixth n-3th layer (L3); A fifth pin (25) of the winding (41-43) is disposed in the first slot (51, 53, 55) of the 6n-5th layer (L1); A stator, wherein a sixth pin (26) of the winding (41-43) is disposed in the second slot (52, 54, 56) of a sixth n-4 layer (L2).

2. The stator (1) has a first end face (7) and a second end face (9), the first pin (21) and the second pin (22) are connected to each other at the second end surface (9) by a first connection type (61); the second pin (22) and the third pin (23) are connected to each other at the first end surface (7) by a second connection type (62); the third pin (23) and the fourth pin (24) are connected to each other at the second end surface (9) by a third connection type (63); the fourth pin (24) and the fifth pin (25) are connected to each other at the first end surface (7) by a fourth connection type (64); the fifth pin (25) and the sixth pin (26) are connected to each other at the second end surface (9) by a fifth connection type (65); the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types are different from each other; A stator (1) according to claim 1.

3. The stator (1) has at least two windings (41-43), At least the sixth pin (26) in the second slot (52, 54) is connected to a seventh pin (27) of the sixth n-1 layer (L5) in a third slot (53) by a sixth connection type (66). A stator (1) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. 4. A stator (1) according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the third slot (53) and the second slot (52) is the same as the first radial distance (11) between the second slot (52) and the first slot (51).

5. 5. The stator (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the stator (1) has a number of windings (41, 42, 43) extending over the entire circumference of the stator (1) and forming partial coils.

6. 6. The stator (1) according to claim 5, wherein one pin (21a, 21b, 28, 28a, 31a, 31b, 38, 38b) from each of the three partial coils is connected to one another by a seventh connection type (67) or an eighth connection type (68) to form a coil (201, 202).

7. 7. The stator (1) according to claim 6, wherein the partial coils form six coils, which are assigned to three phases such that the pins (21-38b) from two coils assigned to the same phase are respectively arranged in three adjacent slots (51-56, 71-76, 81-86).

8. 8. A stator (1) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the inputs (101, 105, 111, 115, 121, 125) of each one of the end pins (21, 31) from the two coils (201, 202) are connected to each other by a ninth connection type.

9. 9. A stator (1) according to claim 8, wherein the respective outputs (103, 107, 113, 117, 123, 127) of the end pins (28b, 38b) of the two coils (201, 202) are connected to each other and the two coils (201, 202) are switched in parallel, in particular assigned to one phase.

10. The second connection type (62) comprises a first double pin (215) formed from the second pin (22, 22a, 22b, 32, 32a, 32b) and the third pin (23, 23a, 23b, 33, 33a, 33b); Each of the first double pins (215) has two inwardly bent pin legs (61b, 63a) with respective welds (233, 232) and bridges the first radial distance (11); A stator (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 9.

11. The fourth connection type (64) comprises a second double pin (216) formed from the fourth pin (24, 24a, 24b, 34, 34a, 34b) and the fifth pin (25, 25a, 25b, 35, 35a, 35b); Each of the second double pins (216) has two inwardly bent pin legs (63b, 65b) with respective welds (235, 234) and bridges the first radial distance (11); A stator (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 10.

12. The sixth connection type (66) comprises a third double pin (217) formed from the sixth pin (26, 26a, 26b, 36, 36a, 36b, 36(2), 36a(2), 36b(2)) and the seventh or ninth pin (27, 27a, 27b, 37, 37a, 37b, 39, 39a, 39b), Each of the third double pins (217) has two outwardly bent pin legs (61a, 65b) with respective welds (236, 231) and bridges the first radial distance (11); A stator (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 11.

13. The seventh connection type (67) comprises a fourth double pin (218) formed from a second or fourth end pin (28, 28a) and a third or fifth end pin (21, 21a); Each of the fourth double pins (218) has two outwardly bent pin legs (65b, 61a) with respective welds (236, 231) and bridges a second radial distance (13); A stator (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 12.

14. The eighth connection type (68) comprises a fifth double pin (219) formed from an eighth or tenth end pin (38, 38a) and a ninth or eleventh end pin (31a, 31b); Each of said fifth double pins (219) has two inwardly bent pin legs (63a, 61b) with respective welds (233, 232) and bridges a second radial distance (13); A stator (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 13.

15. A stator (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first single pin (211) comprises a first end pin (21) and has a pin leg (61a) bent in a clockwise direction at the weld point (231).

16. A stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second single pin (212) comprises a sixth end pin (28b) and has a pin leg (65b) bent in a counterclockwise direction at the weld point (236).

17. A stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the third single pin (213) comprises a seventh end pin (31) and has a pin leg (61b) bent in a counterclockwise direction at the weld point (232).

18. A stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fourth single pin (214) comprises a twelfth end pin (38b) and has a pin leg (63a) bent in a clockwise direction at a weld point (233).

19. 19. The stator (1) according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the first connection type (61) is formed by a welded connection between a first weld point (231) on the pin leg (61 a) of the third double pin (217), the fourth double pin (218) or the first single pin (211) and a second weld point (232) on the pin leg (61 b) of the first double pin (215), the fifth double pin (219) or the third single pin (213).

20. A stator (1) according to any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein the third connection type (63) is formed by a welded connection between a third weld point (233) on the pin leg (63a) of the first double pin (215) or the fifth double pin (219) and a fourth weld point (234) on the pin leg (63b) of the second double pin (216).

21. The stator (1) according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the fifth connection type (65) is formed by a welded connection between a fifth weld point (235) on the pin leg (65a) of the second double pin (216) and a sixth weld point (236) on the pin leg (65b) of the third double pin (217), the fourth double pin (218) or the second single pin (212).

22. A vehicle (403) comprising an electric machine (401) having a stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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