System for surgery using band clamp implants and tensioning instruments - Patents.com

Abstract

To secure a flexible band, thereby providing a desired correction to the spine.SOLUTION: The implant may secure the flexible band to a spinal rod and / or a pedicle screw. The implant has a locking mechanism to secure the band. The band may be looped around the bony anatomy and tensioned to achieve correction and provide fixation as an alternative or supplement to pedicle screws and spinal rods during spinal deformity surgery. A tensioner may be used to allow multiple positions for attachment between the tensioner and a band clamp inserter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 96

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 557,157, filed December 21, 2021, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 465,252, filed September 2, 2021, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 072,192, filed October 16, 2020. U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 465,252 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 064,833, filed October 7, 2020. The entirety of each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0002] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE This application relates generally to surgical devices and systems, and more particularly to band clamp implants and tensioning instruments for spinal surgery. [Background technology]

[0003] Many types of spinal irregularities can cause pain, limit range of motion, or damage the nervous system within the spinal column. These irregularities can result from, but are not limited to, trauma, tumors, disc degeneration, and disease. In many cases, these irregularities are treated by immobilizing a portion of the spine. This procedure typically involves fastening screws, hooks, and / or clamps to one or more vertebrae and connecting the screws, hooks, and / or clamps to an elongated spinal rod that stabilizes the spinal members.

[0004] In addition, instability of the first and second vertebrae is a common medical condition caused by trauma. Although cervical posterior fixation is most commonly performed using screw fixation, there are cases where it is advantageous to perform cervical posterior fixation using a non-screw-based technique, including in patients with low bone mineral density or fractured anatomical structures. In such cases, flexible bands can be used to achieve correction and provide fixation. The bands are wrapped around the bony anatomical structures and then tensioned to provide fixation and promote healing. The same technique is commonly used with metal wires at C1-C2. However, the metal wires can wear down the bone or become loose over time, resulting in neurological damage.

[0005] Flexible bands can be used to achieve correction and provide fixation during spinal deformity surgery as an alternative to and / or as a supplement to pedicle screws. The bands may be wrapped around bony anatomical structures and then a force may be applied to translate the vertebrae onto the spinal rod. Correction of the spinal deformity can be achieved and maintained by tensioning the flexible bands. There is a need for an improved tensioner for tensioning the flexible bands to secure them to bone. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In accordance with some embodiments of the concepts described herein, a system for applying tension to a band clamp during spinal fixation surgery includes a first handle assembly, a second handle assembly movable relative to the first handle assembly, a spool assembly disposed between the first and second handle assemblies, the spool assembly capable of accommodating a flexible band used to secure a rod to a patient's spine, and an adjustable head movably secured to the first handle assembly, the adjustable head being angled relative to the first handle assembly in a first orientation and angled differently in a second orientation.

[0007] In accordance with another embodiment of the concepts described herein, there is provided a system for securing a rod to a spine during surgery, the system including a band clamp, a band clamp inserter capable of securing the band clamp to a rod, a flexible band capable of being inserted into the band clamp, and a tensioner capable of tensioning the flexible band prior to securing the flexible band in the band clamp. The tensioner includes a first handle assembly, a second handle assembly capable of moving relative to the first handle assembly, a spool assembly disposed between the first and second handle assemblies, the spool assembly capable of housing a flexible band used to secure the rod to the patient's spine, and an adjustable head movably secured to the first handle assembly. The adjustable head can be angled relative to the first handle assembly in a first orientation and angled differently in a second orientation.

[0008] Kits are also provided that contain various types and sizes of implants, rods, tensioning instruments, insertion tools, and other components for performing the procedure. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] A more complete understanding of the present disclosure, and its attendant advantages and features, will be more readily appreciated by reference to the following detailed description, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a band clamp assembly having a flexible band and a band clamp implant for securing a spinal rod, according to one embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the band clamp implant shown in FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a band clamp implant. [Figure 4]1 shows a cross-sectional view of a flexible band secured within a band clamp implant. [Figure 5A] 1 illustrates one embodiment of a flexible band and a close-up view of the anchors at the ends of the flexible band. [Figure 5B] 1 illustrates one embodiment of a flexible band and a close-up view of the anchors at the ends of the flexible band. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a band clamp implant. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a top cross-sectional view of an anchor engaged with a band clamp implant. [Figure 8] 1 shows a flexible band passed through a band clamp implant with anchors. [Figure 9] 1 shows a flexible band attached to a band clamp at an anchor. [Figure 10] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a band clamp assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the band clamp implant shown in FIG. [Figure 12] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a band clamp assembly having a band clamp implant, a pedicle screw, a flexible band, and a spinal rod, according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the band clamp implant of FIG. [Figure 14A] 13A shows a perspective view of a locking cap post for securing a pedicle screw to a band clamp implant. [Figure 14B] 13 shows a top view of a locking cap post for securing a pedicle screw to a band clamp implant. [Figure 14C] 13A shows a cross-sectional view of a locking cap post for securing a pedicle screw to a band clamp implant. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a locking cap post for securing a spinal rod within a pedicle screw. [Figure 16] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a flexible band secured within a band clamp implant. [Figure 17A]1 illustrates an exploded view of a band clamp implant having a set screw and a saddle configured to secure the band. [Figure 17B] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a band clamp implant having a set screw and a saddle configured to secure the band. [Figure 18A] 1 shows a perspective view of a band clamp implant engaging with a pedicle screw and a locking nut for securing the implant housing to the pedicle screw. [Figure 18B] 1 shows a perspective view of a band clamp implant engaging with a pedicle screw and a locking nut for securing the implant housing to the pedicle screw. [Figure 19] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a band clamp implant configured to secure a flexible band and a spinal rod to a pedicle screw, according to one embodiment. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the band clamp implant of FIG. 19. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is an exploded view of the band clamp implant of FIG. [Figure 22A] 1A and 1B show cross-sectional views of an integral screw head with a saddle in a loaded position and a locked position, respectively. [Figure 22B] 1A and 1B show cross-sectional views of an integral screw head with a saddle in a loaded position and a locked position, respectively. [Figure 23A] 1 shows an embodiment of a flexible band having a leader. [Figure 23B] An enlarged view of the buckle is shown. [Figure 24] FIG. 13 is a rear perspective view of the band clamp implant showing the recess for receiving the buckle. [Diagram 25] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the buckle in the recess. [Figure 26] 13A is a cross-sectional view of a band clamp implant showing a set screw and a saddle configured to secure the band. FIG. [Figure 27] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a band clamp implant with a flexible band attached. [Figure 28A]1 shows a band clamp implant attached to a screw shank. [Figure 28B] 1 shows a rod secured to the implant. [Figure 28C] 1 shows a band secured to an implant to form a loop. [Figure 29] 1 illustrates a perspective view of an integrated band clamp implant configured to secure a flexible band and a spinal rod to a pedicle screw, according to one embodiment. [Diagram 30] FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the band clamp implant of FIG. 29. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 is an exploded view of the band clamp implant of FIG. [Diagram 32] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a band clamp implant attached to a screw shank. [Diagram 33] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the implant showing the set screws and saddles in the two band clamp portions of the implant. [Figure 34A] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a free band clamp configured to secure a flexible band, according to one embodiment. [Figure 34B] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a free band clamp configured to secure a flexible band, according to one embodiment. [Figure 34C] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a free band clamp configured to secure a flexible band, according to one embodiment. [Diagram 35] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a band clamp implant configured to secure a flexible band and a spinal rod, according to one embodiment. [Diagram 36] FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the band clamp implant of FIG. 35. [Figure 37A] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a band clamp implant without a buckle and band attached, and a cross-sectional view of a band clamp implant with a buckle and band attached. [Figure 37B]1 shows a cross-sectional view of a band clamp implant with a buckle and band attached, and a cross-sectional view of a band clamp implant with a buckle and band attached. [Figure 38A] 1 shows a perspective view of an implant and band assembly, with the band looped through the implant and the implant assembly anchored to a spinal rod. [Figure 38B] 1 shows a perspective view of an implant and band assembly, with the band looped through the implant and the implant assembly anchored to a spinal rod. [Figure 38C] 1 shows a perspective view of an implant and band assembly, with the band looped through the implant and the implant assembly anchored to a spinal rod. [Figure 39] 1 illustrates a perspective view of an implant system configured to secure a flexible band to a spinal rod, according to one embodiment. [Diagram 40] 40 shows a perspective view of the implant of FIG. 39 attached to a spinal rod. [Figure 41A] 41 shows an exploded view of the implant of FIG. 40. [Figure 41B] 41 shows an assembled view of the implant of FIG. 40. [Figure 42A] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an implant. [Figure 42B] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an implant. [Figure 42C] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an implant. [Fig.42D] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an implant. [Diagram 43] 1 shows a clamp for securing the band within the implant. [Figure 44A] 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a drive screw in an implant. [Figure 44B] 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a drive screw in an implant. [Figure 45A] 13 shows a cross-sectional view of a band threaded through an implant with the clamp in an unlocked position. [Figure 45B]FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the band threaded through the implant with the clamp in the locked position. [Figure 46A] 1 illustrates a perspective view of an implant system configured to lock a flexible band in tension without the presence of a spinal rod, according to one embodiment. [Figure 46B] 1 illustrates an exploded view of an implant system configured to lock a flexible band in tension without the presence of a spinal rod, according to one embodiment. [Figure 47A] 46A-46B show perspective views of the implant. [Figure 47B] 46A-46B show cross-sectional views of the implant. [Figure 48] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a carriage and clamp of a clamp assembly of the implant. [Figure 49A] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an implant with the locking assembly in an unlocked position. [Figure 49B] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an implant with the locking assembly in a locked position. [Figure 50A] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the implant with the band in an unlocked position. [Figure 50B] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the implant with the band in a locked position. [Figure 51A] 1 illustrates an embodiment of an implant having a single through hole for receiving a band. [Figure 51B] 1 illustrates an embodiment of an implant having a single through hole for receiving a band. [Figure 51C] 1 illustrates an embodiment of an implant having a single through hole for receiving a band. [Figure 52] FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of an implant having a cam lock according to one embodiment. [Figure 53A] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the cam lock in an unlocked position. [Figure 53B] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the cam lock in a locked position. [Figure 54A] FIG. 13 shows a bottom view of the implant with the cam lock in the unlocked position. [Figure 54B] FIG. 13 shows a bottom view of the implant with the cam lock in the locked position. [Figure 55] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the implant with the cam lock in a locked position securing the band. [Figure 56A] 1 shows an embodiment of an implant including a housing and two spring blocks for securing a band. [Figure 56B] 1 shows an embodiment of an implant including a housing and two spring blocks for securing a band. [Figure 56C] 1 shows an embodiment of an implant including a housing and two spring blocks for securing a band. [Figure 57A] 1 illustrates one embodiment of a cross connector implant configured to secure two flexible bands. [Figure 57B] 1 illustrates one embodiment of a cross connector implant configured to secure two flexible bands. [Figure 57C] 1 illustrates one embodiment of a cross connector implant configured to secure two flexible bands. [Figure 58A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 58B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 59A] 1 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a locking mechanism consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 59B] 1 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a locking mechanism consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 60A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 60B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 61] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a flexible band consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 62] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an anchor consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 63] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system or assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 64] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an anchor disposed within an anchor slot consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 65] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system or assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 66] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system or assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 67] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system or assembly and tensioning tool consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 68] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system or assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 69] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system or apparatus consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 70A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 70B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 71A] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 71B] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 72] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 73] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 74A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an inserter fork consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 74B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an outer sleeve consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 74C]1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tension indicator consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 74D] 1 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of an instrument assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 75] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tension indicator consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 76] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tension indicator consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 77] 1 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of an instrument assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 78] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an instrument assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure; [Figure 79A] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an instrument assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure; [Figure 79B] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an instrument assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure; [Figure 80] 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an instrument assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure; [Figure 81] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tensioning instrument including an instrument assembly consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 82A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 82B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 82C] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 82D] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 82E] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 83A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 83B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 83C] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 84A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band and anchor consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 84B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band and anchor consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 85A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 85B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 86] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 87] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 88A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 88B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 89] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 90A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 90B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 91] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 92A] 1 illustrates components of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 92B] 1 illustrates components of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 92C] 1 illustrates components of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 93A] 1 illustrates components of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 93B] 1 illustrates components of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 94A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 94B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 95A] 1 illustrates components of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 95B] 1 illustrates components of an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 95C] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 95D] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 96] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 97] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 98] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 99A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 99B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 100A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an adjustable head for a tensioning device consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 100B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an adjustable head for a tensioning device consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 101A]1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a portion of a tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 101B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a portion of a tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 102] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp inserter and tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 103] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp inserter and tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 104A] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp inserter and tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 104B] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a band clamp inserter and tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Figure 105] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a tensioner for a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. [Fig. 106] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a system for applying tension to a band clamp consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to implants, systems, and methods for fastening a flexible band to bone. In particular, embodiments are directed to implants and systems configured to achieve correction and provide fixation as an alternative to and / or as a supplement to pedicle screws during spinal deformity surgery.

[0012] Additional aspects, advantages, and / or other features of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent in view of the following detailed description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the described embodiments provided herein are merely exemplary and illustrative, and not limiting. Numerous embodiments of modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present disclosure and equivalents thereto.

[0013] 1-9, a band clamp implant assembly or system 10 is shown according to one embodiment. The implant system 10 is configured to secure an elongated member, cable, tether, cord, or band 12 to a spinal rod 14. The band 12 may be a flexible member configured to be wrapped around a bony anatomical structure or a portion of the spine, such as a lamina or transverse process. The implant assembly 10 may engage an elongated member, such as a spinal rod 14, to provide fixation between vertebrae. The flexible band 12 may be used as a primary fixation point at certain spinal levels when placement of pedicle screws is difficult or impossible. Alternatively, the flexible band 12 may be used in conjunction with pedicle screws at certain levels to provide additional fixation. Although described with reference to the spine, it will be appreciated that the implants and systems described herein may be applied to other orthopedic locations and applications, such as trauma.

[0014] The flexible band 12 may be capable of conforming to complex anatomical structures such as severe spinal deformities. The assembly 10 allows the surgeon to achieve spinal deformity correction and fixation by fastening the flexible band 12 to the spinal rod 14. This technique may be advantageous in pediatric and neuromuscular deformity cases where traditional pedicle screw fixation is compromised or impossible due to the presence of weak bone or malformed vertebrae. By looping the band 12 around the bony anatomy, spinal deformity correction may be achieved and maintained by tensioning the flexible band 12 before or after the implant assembly 10 is anchored and / or fixed to the bone.

[0015] Band 12 may be constructed from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (e.g., ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or UHMWPE), polypropylene, silk, polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, silk cotton, combinations thereof, or other suitable biocompatible materials. Band 12 may be generally circular in shape, generally oval in shape, or generally flat / tape in shape. Band 12 may transition from one shape to another (e.g., from a circular shape to a flat shape, or vice versa). Optionally, band 12 may be completely radiolucent or may have one or more marker strands designed to be visible under fluoroscopy.

[0016] 1 and 2, the implant assembly 10 includes a band clamp implant 20 capable of securing the flexible band 12 to the spinal rod 14. The band clamp implant 20 has a body 22 including an upper surface 24, a lower surface 26, first and second opposing side surfaces 28, 30, a nose or front surface 32, and a back or rear surface 34. For example, the upper surface 24 and the side surfaces 28, 30 may be generally flat or planar, and the lower surface 26 and rear surface 34 may be generally circular or convex.

[0017] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the band clamp implant 20 includes a body 22, a first locking member 38 configured to secure the rod 14, and a second locking member 40 having a saddle 64 configured to secure the band 12. Turning to Figure 6, the body 22 of the clamp 20 defines a first opening, recess, or rod slot 44 sized and dimensioned to receive the spinal rod 14, and a separate second opening or band slot 46 configured to receive the flexible band 12. The rod slot 44 may be recessed inwardly into the anterior surface 32 of the implant 20 and may define a generally c-shaped recess sized and dimensioned to accommodate the rod 14. The band slot 46 may extend from the inferior surface 26 to the posterior surface 34 of the implant 20. The band slot 46 may be stepped such that a first portion rises from the inferior surface 26 and a second portion travels over it to the posterior surface 34. The band slots 46 are located below the rod slots 44 and are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the spinal rod 12 .

[0018] The body 22 has a first bore 48 in fluid communication with the rod slot 44. The first bore 48 may include a threaded portion 50 about an inner circumference of the bore 48. The first locking member 38 is positionable within the first bore 48 such that when in a lowered position, a bottom surface of the locking member 38 is configured to contact and secure the spinal rod 14 within the body 22 of the implant 20. The first locking member 30 may include a threaded portion 52 about an outer surface configured to threadingly mate with the first bore 48. The first locking member 30 may define an instrument recess 54 in an upper surface of the first locking member 30, the instrument recess being configured to be engaged by an instrument, such as a driver, to rotate the locking member 38 to a locked position.

[0019] The body 22 has a second hole 58 in fluid communication with the band slot 46. The hole axis of the second hole 58 may be generally parallel to the hole axis of the first hole 48. The second hole 58 may include a threaded portion 60 around an inner circumference of the hole 58. As shown in FIG. 4, the second locking member 40 may be positioned in the second hole 58 to secure the flexible band 12 within the band slot 46. The second locking member 40 may include a fastener or set screw 62 and a saddle 64. The set screw 62 and the saddle 64 may be capable of attaching to one another. The set screw 62 may be capable of rotating independently of the saddle 64. The saddle 64 may define a ring or cylindrical body, and an upper surface of the saddle 64 may include one or more tabs or protrusions 66 extending upwardly and / or outwardly. The protrusions 66 can connect the saddle 64 to the set screw 62 by mating with corresponding recesses or grooves in the underside of the set screw 62. The protrusions 66 on the saddle 64 can flex inwardly when pressed into the set screw 62 and snap back to its original shape when it reaches the groove in the set screw 62. The set screw 62 can include a threaded portion 68 about its outer surface configured to threadingly mate with the second hole 58. The set screw 62 can define an instrument recess 70 in its upper surface configured to be engaged by an instrument, such as a screwdriver, to rotate the set screw 62 and move the locking member 40 to the locked position.

[0020] When the second locking member 40 is in the lower position, the bottom surface of the saddle 64 is configured to contact and secure the band 12 within the body 22 of the implant 20. The set screw 62 and the saddle 64 can move up and down within the second threaded hole 58. The set screw 62 moves such that the saddle 64 can reversibly interfere with the band slot 46. In the lower position, the saddle 64 is configured to press against the band 12, thereby locking the band 12 in place. For example, the free portion of the flexible band 12 may be locked to the band clamp 20 by tightening the set screw 62 to contact the bottom of the saddle 64 against the flexible band 12. The flexible band 12 is then locked between the saddle 64 and the body 22.

[0021] The body 22 of the band clamp 20 may include one or more engagement recesses 72 for engaging with an insertion and / or tensioning instrument. For example, two opposing engagement recesses 72 may be defined in the sides 28, 30 near the rear 34 of the implant 20. Each of the engagement recesses 72 may include, for example, a slot terminating in a circular divot. It will be appreciated that other suitable engagement mechanisms may be used to temporarily couple the implant 20 to an instrument, such as an inserter or tensioner.

[0022] 5A, the flexible band 12 may initially extend from a first free end 80 to an opposite free end 82 with an intermediate portion 84 therebetween. The intermediate portion 84 of the flexible band 12 is configured to contact and / or form a loop around a bone. The first free end 80 of the flexible band 12 may be attached to a leader 86. The leader 86 may be a malleable leader configured to be fed around an anatomical structure to wrap the flexible band 12 around the anatomical structure to be secured. The second free end 82 of the flexible band 12 may be attached to an anchor 88. The anchor 88 may be shaped such that the anchor 88 can engage a mating recess 90 in the body 22 of the band clamp 20. As shown in FIG. 6, the mating recess 90 may be located below the band slot 46. The entrance of the mating recess 90 may be near the rear 34 of the implant 20 and the exit of the mating recess 90 may be in the band slot 46 near the bottom 26 of the implant 20. The shape of the mating recess 90 is sized and dimensioned such that the anchor 88 can be received and secured within the recess 90.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 5B, the anchor 88 may include a split ring body 92 having a central through hole 94. The anchor 88 may have a nose 96 configured to attach to the end 82 of the band 12 and a tail 98 that is receivable within the body 22 of the implant 20. The tail 98 may include a pair of opposing protrusions 102. The protrusions 102 may be angled away from the central longitudinal axis B of the anchor 88 such that the protrusions 102 are spaced apart at a greater distance at the tail end 98. The protrusions 102 may also have a greater thickness than the nose 96. The central opening 94 may be in fluid communication with a break 104. The break 104 may allow the anchor 88 to flex and compress into the mating recess 90 in the body 22. Once fully positioned within the mating recess 90, the anchor 88 may spring back open to prevent disassembly. The anchor 88 may also have one or more openings 106 configured to engage a mating instrument to allow for disassembly.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 8, the flexible band 12 is inserted through the recess 90 in the body 22, malleable leader 86 first. As shown in FIG. 9, the band 12 is pulled until the anchor 88 engages and seats in the recess 90 of the implant 20. The engagement between the anchor 88 and the recess 90 securely attaches the flexible band 12 to the body 22 of the implant 20. The first free end 80 of the flexible band 12, with the malleable leader 86, and the intermediate portion 84 of the band 12 remain free to be positioned about the patient's anatomy. As shown in FIG. 1, the intermediate portion 84 of the band 12 may be looped around the bone, and the free end 80 of the band 12 may be threaded into the implant 20 through the band opening 46. As shown in FIG. 4, the free end 80 may be pulled through the rear 34 of the implant 20. After tension is applied to the band 12, the second locking member 40 can be tightened, thereby securing the band 12 within the implant 20 and maintaining the desired tension around the bone.

[0025] 10 and 11, another embodiment of a band clamp implant assembly 110 is shown. The band clamp implant assembly 110 is similar to the implant assembly 10, except for the different configuration of the implant 112. Like the implant 20, the implant 112 includes a first locking member 38 for securing the rod 14 and a second locking member 40 for securing the band 12. In this embodiment, the band opening 114 is located adjacent to the rod slot 116, and the band opening 114 is oriented parallel to the long axis A of the spinal rod 14.

[0026] The implant 112 has a first opening or rod slot 116 for receiving the spinal rod 14 and a second opening or band opening 114 for receiving the flexible band 12. The rod slot 116 may be recessed into the front and bottom sides 32, 26 of the implant 20. The rod slot 116 may define a generally c-shaped recess sized and dimensioned to accommodate the rod 14. The band opening 114 may extend through the body between the first side 28 and the second side 30. The band opening 114 may define a generally cylindrical opening. The implant 112 has a first threaded hole 48 in fluid communication with the first opening 116. The first threaded locking member 38 may be positioned within the first threaded hole 48 to secure the spinal rod 14 to the implant 112. The implant 112 has a second threaded hole 58 in fluid communication with the second opening 114. The hole axis of the second threaded hole 58 may be approximately perpendicular to the hole axis of the band opening 114 .

[0027] The implant 112 has a separate mating recess 118 sized and dimensioned to mate with the anchor 88 on the flexible band 12. The mating recess 118 may be positioned below the band opening 114 and adjacent to the rod slot 116. The recess 118 may extend through the body between the first side 28 and the second side 30. The recess 118 may define a generally rectangular opening such that the recess 118 has a width greater than its height. The flexible band 12 may be inserted through the recess 118 such that the anchor 88 engages the implant 112. In this manner, the anchor 88 secures the flexible band 12 to the implant 112 at the free end 82 of the band 12. The flexible band 12 is positioned around the patient's anatomy and the opposite free end 80 can be fed again through the band slot 114 in the implant 112, thereby creating a loop. The second threaded locking member 40 may be positioned within the second threaded hole 58 and moved downwardly to secure the flexible band 12 to the implant 112 .

[0028] The implant 112 may define one or more engagement notches 120 for engaging with an insertion and / or tensioning instrument. For example, two opposing engagement notches 120 may be defined in the sides 28, 30 near the top 24 of the implant 112. Each of the engagement notches 120 may include, for example, a slot extending along the length of the body. It will be appreciated that other suitable engagement mechanisms may be used to temporarily couple the implant 112 to an instrument, such as an inserter and / or tensioner.

[0029] According to one embodiment, a method of securing a flexible band 12 to a spinal rod 14 may involve one or more of the following steps in any suitable order: (1) feeding a first free end 80 of the flexible band 12, having a malleable leader 86, through the body 22 of the band clamp implant 20, 112 and into the recess 90, 118, such that the first free end 80 and intermediate portion 84 of the flexible band 12 pass freely through the body 22 while the second free end 82 of the flexible band 12, having an anchor 88, engages the recess 90, 118 and secures the flexible band 12 to the band clamp 20, 112 at the free end 82; and (2) threading the first free end 80 of the flexible band 12 around the bony anatomy of the posterior spine to form a loop such that the intermediate portion 84 of the flexible band 12 contacts the bone. (3) rethreading the first free end 80 of the flexible band 12 through the band slots 46, 114 of the band clamp 20, 112. (4) positioning the band clamp 20, 112 along the spinal rod 14 such that the spinal rod 14 is received within the rod slots 44, 116 of the band clamp 20, 112. (5) tightening the first threaded locking component 38 in the band clamp 20, 112 to secure the spinal rod 14 within the rod slots 44, 116 to the band clamp 20, 112. (6) tensioning the flexible band 12 by applying a pulling force to the first free end 80 of the flexible band 12, thereby tightening the loop around the bony anatomical structure. (7) Tightening the second threaded locking component 40 in the band clamp 20, 112 to contact the saddle 64 with the flexible band 12 in the band slot 46, 114, securing the flexible band 12 to the band clamp 20, 112. (8) Cutting and removing any excess length of the flexible band 12 near the band clamp 20, 112. This method allows the surgeon to achieve spinal deformity correction and fixation by securing the flexible band 12 to the spinal rod 14.

[0030] 12-18B, a band clamp implant assembly or system 130 is shown according to one embodiment. Similar to implant systems 10, 110, implant 132 is configured to secure flexible band 12 to spinal rod 14. Additionally, to provide additional fixation to the spine, implant 132 connects flexible band 12 to a fastener, such as pedicle screw 200. Implant 132 is capable of directly securing flexible band 12 to pedicle screw 200 without the need for an additional rod connector, thereby conserving space on the structure and reducing concerns regarding interference with other hardware and / or anatomical structures. Although pedicle screws are illustrated herein, it will be understood that the fastener may include any suitable screw, anchor, or other device configured to attach to bone.

[0031] 12 and 13, the implant system 130 includes a band clamp implant 132 capable of securing the flexible band 12 to the spinal rod 14. The band clamp 132 includes an implant housing 134 having a first portion 136 configured to secure the band 12 and a second portion 138 configured to attach the rod 14 and pedicle screw 200. The second portion 138 may be stepped upward and may extend away from the first portion 138. A medial offset of the band clamp portion 136 allows the clamp to be positioned directly above the lamina for optimal placement of the flexible band 12. The implant housing 134 includes an upper surface 140, a lower surface 142, first and second opposing side surfaces 144, 146, a nose or anterior surface 148, and a rear or posterior surface 150.

[0032] The implant system 130 includes an implant housing 132, a locking cap post 152, and a locking nut 154. As shown in FIGS. 14A-14C, the locking cap post 152 has two separate threaded portions, an upper threaded portion 156 and a lower threaded portion 158. The upper threaded portion 156 is configured to mate with internal threads 160 in the locking nut 154. The lower threaded portion 158 is configured to mate with internal threads in the head 202 of the pedicle screw 200. The lower threaded portion 158 may be separated from the upper threaded portion 156 by a circumferential groove 166. The lower threaded portion 158 may have a major outer diameter that is larger than a major outer diameter of the upper threaded portion 156. The threads (e.g., handedness, shape, angle, pitch, etc.) of the upper portion 156 may be the same or different than the threads of the lower portion 158. The upper threaded portion 156 may include an internal drive recess 162 configured to engage a drive instrument. The upper threaded portion 156 may also include an internal groove 164 that engages an insertion instrument. The spinal rod 14 may be secured within the head 202 of the pedicle screw 200 when the locking cap post 152 is threaded downwardly through the opening 190 in the implant housing 134, and the locking cap post 152 may be secured with the locking nut 154.

[0033] 17A-17B, the first portion 136 of the implant housing 134 is configured to secure the flexible band 12. The first portion 136 of the implant housing 134 defines a band slot 170 configured to receive the flexible band 12. The band slot 170 may be cylindrical or of any suitable shape. The band slot 170 intersects with a hole 172. The hole 172 may be in fluid communication with the band slot 170. The hole 172 may include a threaded portion 174 about an inner circumference of the hole 172. A locking member 176 may be positioned within the hole 172 to secure the flexible band 12 within the band slot 170. The locking member 176 may include a fastener or set screw 178 and a saddle 180. The set screw 178 and the saddle 180 may be attachable to one another. The saddle 180 may define a smooth, unthreaded ring or cylindrical body, and an upper surface of the saddle 180 may include one or more upwardly extending protrusions 182. The protrusions 182 may mate with corresponding recesses in a lower surface of the set screw 178 to connect the saddle 180 to the set screw 178. The set screw 178 may include a threaded portion 184 about its outer surface that is configured to threadingly mate with the bore 174.

[0034] The set screw 178 can define an instrument recess 186 in an upper surface thereof, which is configured to be engaged by an instrument, such as a screwdriver, to rotate the set screw 178 and move the locking member 176 to a locked position. The set screw 178 and the saddle 180 are attached to one another and are movable up and down within the threaded hole 174. The set screw 178 is moved such that the saddle 180 can reversibly interfere with the band slot 170 that receives the flexible band 12. As shown in FIG. 17B, the set screw 178 can be tightened to bring the saddle 180 into contact with the flexible band 12, thereby locking the flexible band 12 to the implant housing 134. The flexible band 12 is then locked between the saddle 180 and the implant housing 134.

[0035] The second portion 138 of the implant housing 134 is configured to engage with the head 202 of the pedicle screw 200. The second portion 138 of the implant housing 134 defines a through hole 190 configured to receive the upper portion 156 of the locking cap post 152. The through hole 190 may be unthreaded. The second portion 138 of the housing 134 may include one or more tabs 192. For example, the second portion 138 may include two opposing tabs 192 extending downwardly on opposing sides of the through hole 190. The tabs 192 may be configured to engage with a rod slot 206 of the pedicle screw 200. The implant housing 134 is shaped such that it fits tightly around the head 202 of the pedicle screw 200.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 15, the pedicle screw 200 includes a head 202 and a shaft 204. The head 202 may be in the form of a tulip having two opposing sides separated by a slot 206 configured to receive the spinal rod 14. The rod 14 may be top-loaded into the tulip body. The tulip head 202 may define one or more recesses or engagement features configured to mate with an instrument such as an inserter. The opposing sides of the tulip head 202 may define female threads configured to mate with male threads on the lower portion 158 of the locking cap post 152. The shaft 204 may include a threaded shank configured to engage bone. The pedicle screw 200 may be polyaxial, uniaxial, uniplanar, or other suitable design.

[0037] 18A-18B, the implant housing 134 is secured to the pedicle screw 200 using a locking cap post 152 and a locking nut 154. In FIG. 18A, the locking cap post 152 is positioned in the implant housing 134 through an opening 190 and contacts the rod 14 that is positioned in a slot 206 in the head 202 of the pedicle screw 200. In FIG. 18B, the locking nut 154 is secured to the top 156 of the locking cap post 152. The locking nut 154 has internal threads 160 for engaging with the top threaded portion 156 of the locking cap post 152. The exterior shape of the nut 154 is such that the nut 154 can be driven by an instrument. The bottom surface of the locking nut 154 contacts the top surface 140 of the implant housing 134 to secure the implant housing 134 to the pedicle screw 200. The implant housing 134 is secured to the pedicle screw 134 via force applied by the locking nut 154. Tabs 182 on the implant housing 134 allow the implant housing 134 to remain torsionally stable during tightening by preventing rotation of the implant housing 134.

[0038] According to one embodiment, a method of securing the flexible band 12 to the spinal rod 14 may involve one or more of the following steps in any suitable order: (1) securing the pedicle screw 200 to the pedicle of the vertebra, (2) positioning the rod 14 within the tulip head 202 of the pedicle screw 200, (3) attaching the implant 132 to the tulip head 202 of the pedicle screw 200 with the locking cap post 152 by threading the lower threaded portion 158 onto mating threads in the tulip head 202, (4) connecting the locking nut 154 to the upper threaded portion 156 of the locking cap post 152 to lock the rod 14 within the tulip head 202, (5) feeding the free end of the flexible band 12 into the band slot 170, and (6) threading the other free end of the flexible band 12 into the bone. (7) threading the other free end of the flexible band 12 again through the band slot 170 of the band clamp 132, (8) tensioning the flexible band 12 by applying a pulling force to the free end(s) of the flexible band 12, thereby tightening the loop around the bony anatomical structure, (9) tightening the locking member 176 within the band clamp 132 to bring the saddle 180 into contact with the flexible band 12 within the band slot 170 to secure the flexible band 12 to the band clamp 132, and (10) cutting and removing any excess length of the flexible band 12 near the band clamp 132. This method allows the surgeon to achieve spinal deformity correction and fixation by securing the flexible band 12 to the spinal rod 14.

[0039] 19-28C, a band clamp implant assembly or system 210 is shown according to one embodiment. Similar to implant system 130, implant 212 is configured to secure flexible band 12 to spinal rod 14. Additionally, to provide additional fixation to the spine, implant 210 connects flexible band 12 to a bone fastener 214, such as a pedicle screw. Although pedicle screws are illustrated herein, it will be understood that the fastener may include any suitable screw, anchor, or other device configured for attachment to bone.

[0040] 19 and 20, an implant system 210 includes a band clamp implant 212 capable of securing a flexible band 12 to a spinal rod 14. The implant 212 includes an integral screw head 220 and a band clamp 218. A body 216 includes a first portion or band clamp portion 218 configured to secure the band 12 and a second portion or screw head portion 220 configured to attach the rod 14 and a bone fastener or pedicle screw 214. The first portion 218 may be offset laterally and posteriorly from the second portion 220 of the implant 212. The medial offset of the band clamp portion 218 allows the clamp to be positioned directly above the lamina for optimal placement of the flexible band 12.

[0041] The band clamp portion 218 has a band slot 222 configured to receive the flexible band 12. The band clamp portion 218 has a through hole 224 that intersects and is in fluid communication with the band slot 222. The hole 224 may include one or more threads 226 about an inner circumference of the hole 224. A locking member 228 may be positioned in the hole 224 to secure the flexible band 12 within the band slot 222. As shown in FIG. 21 , the locking member 228 may include a fastener or set screw 230 and a saddle 232. The set screw 230 and the saddle 232 may be capable of attaching to one another. The saddle 232 may define a ring or cylindrical body, and an upper surface of the saddle 232 may include one or more protrusions 234 extending upwardly. The protrusions 234 may connect the saddle 232 to the set screw 230 by mating with corresponding recesses in a lower surface of the set screw 230. Set screw 230 may include one or more external threads 236 about an outer surface that is configured to threadingly mate with the internal threads 226 of bore 224. Set screw 236 may define an instrument recess 238 in an upper surface that is configured to be engaged by an instrument, such as a driver, to rotate set screw 230 and move locking member 228 to a locked position.

[0042] The set screw 230 and saddle 232 may be attached to one another such that the set screw 230 and saddle 232 can move up and down within the threaded hole 224. The set screw 230 moves such that the saddle 232 can reversibly interfere with the band slot 222 that receives the flexible band 12. The set screw 230 can be tightened to bring the saddle 232 into contact with the flexible band 12, thereby locking the flexible band 12 to the band clamp portion 218 of the implant 212. The flexible band 12 is locked between the saddle 232 and the band clamp portion 218 of the implant 212.

[0043] The head portion 220 may be in the form of a tulip having two opposing sides separated by a slot 240 configured to receive the spinal rod 14. The rod 14 may be top-loaded into the tulip body. The opposing sides of the tulip head 220 may define internal threads 242 configured to mate with external threads 246 on a locking cap 244. The tulip head 220 may define one or more recesses or engagement features configured to mate with an instrument, such as an inserter. The head portion 220 of the implant 212 is configured to reversibly attach to a bone fastener 214. The bone fastener 214 may be bottom-loaded into a bottom opening of the tulip body. The bone fastener 214 may include a head and a shaft portion 250. The shaft 250 may include a threaded shank configured to engage bone.

[0044] 21, the screw head portion 220 can retain a screw head saddle 254 configured to be reversibly attached to the clamp 252 and the screw shank 250. The clamp 252 can include one or more clamp portions to provide a collar around the head of the bone fastener 214. The clamp 252 is configured to grip the bone fastener 214 when a force is applied to the clamp 252. The clamp 252 can define at least one slit 256 formed therein. For example, a pair of slits 256 can separate the clamp 252 into two clamp portions. The slits 256 can be configured in a stepped, linear, curved, or other form. The slits 256 can allow the first and second clamp portions to contract to securely engage the head of the bone fastener 214. A portion of the exterior surface of the clamp 252 can be tapered, and an upper portion can define an exterior lip 258 configured to mate with the saddle 254. The outer surface of clamp 252, when fully installed and locked in place, may abut and engage the inner surface of tulip head 220. When fully installed and locked in place, the inner surface of clamp 252 may abut and engage the head of bone fastener 214. The inner surface of clamp 252 may include a roughened, textured, or threaded surface configured to improve engagement with the head of bone fastener 214.

[0045] The saddle 254 may be introduced downwardly from the top of the tulip head 220 to seat on the top of the clamp 252. The saddle 254 may include a through bore 260. A lower portion of the bore 260 may be sized to accommodate the upper portion of the clamp 252, including the outer lip 258 of the clamp 252. The saddle 254 may include a generally curvilinear outer surface that defines a recess or groove 262. An upper surface of the saddle 254 may define a convex seating surface 264 that accommodates the rod 14 when loaded from the top of the tulip 220. The saddle 254 engages an inner surface of the tulip head 220 to prevent upward movement of the clamp 252, thereby locking the clamp 252 so that it can engage the head of the bone fastener 214.

[0046] 22A-22B, the geometry within head portion 220 allows clamp 252 and saddle 254 to be positioned above or below modular bump 266. In the loaded position shown in FIG. 22A, saddle 254 and clamp 252 are in an upper position. Clamp 252 and saddle 254 are positioned above modular bump 266 and clamp 252 can flex open to receive the head of screw shank 250. In the locked position shown in FIG. 22B, saddle 254 and clamp 252 are in a lower position. Clamp 252 and saddle 254 are positioned below modular bump 266 and clamp 252 cannot open, preventing the head of screw shank 250 from being released. Once the spinal rod 14 is seated within the rod slot 240 and on the seat 264 of the saddle 254, the threaded locking cap 244 is rotated downward to secure the spinal rod 14 and bone fastener 214 within the construct.

[0047] 23A-23B, the flexible band 12 may extend from a first free end 270 to an opposing second free end 272 with an intermediate portion 274 therebetween. The intermediate portion 274 of the flexible band 12 is configured to contact and / or form a loop around a bone. The first free end 270 of the flexible band 12 may be attached to a leader 276. The leader 276 may define an opening for directing the band 12 with an instrument, k-wire, suture, or the like. The leader 276 may be a malleable leader configured to be fed around an anatomical structure to wrap the flexible band 12 around the anatomical structure to be secured. The second free end 272 of the flexible band 12 may be attached to an anchor or buckle 278. The buckle 278 may be shaped such that the buckle 278 can engage a mating recess 280 in the implant 212. 19, the mating recess 280 may be separate from and located below the band slot 222. The axis of the hole in the mating recess 280 may be offset from and perpendicular to the axis of the hole in the band slot 222. The shape of the mating recess 280 is sized and dimensioned such that the buckle 278 can be received and secured within the recess 280.

[0048] The buckle 278 may be cone-shaped with one or more grooves 282 that engage with corresponding grooves 288 in a mating recess 280 in the implant 212. For example, the buckle 278 may include multiple circumferential grooves 282 extending from the widest portion of the base of the buckle 278. The buckle 278 may have at least one flex cut 284 to allow the outer shape of the buckle 278 to compress into the mating recess 280. The flex cut 284 may be cut through one or more of the grooves 282. When the groove 282 on the buckle aligns with the groove 288 in the recess 280, the flex cut 284 allows the buckle 278 to spring back to its original shape, thus preventing disassembly. The buckle 278 may include a loop 286 around which the flexible band 12 is attached. As shown in Figure 23A, the free end 272 of the band 12 can be repeatedly looped around the loops 286 of the buckle 278 to secure the band 12 to the buckle 278. It will be appreciated that other suitable attachment mechanisms, such as knotting, fasteners, adhesives, etc., can be used to secure the band 12 to the buckle 278.

[0049] As shown in Figures 24-27, the implant 212 defines an internal recess 280 configured to receive the flexible band 12 and the buckles 278. The internal recess 280 defines a number of grooves 288 that mate with grooves 282 on the buckles 278. When the flexible band 12 is threaded through the recess 280 from the rear to the front, the buckles 278 snap into the mating grooves 288. After assembly, the flexible band 12 is securely attached to the implant 212 by the buckles 278 at the free ends 272 of the band 12.

[0050] As shown in Figures 28A-C, after the flexible band 12 passes through the recess 280, the buckle 278 snaps into place, thereby securing the flexible band 12 to the implant 212. As shown in Figure 28A, the tulip body 220 is attached to the screw shank 250 by bottom loading the screw 214 into the tulip 220. As shown in Figure 28B, the spinal rod 14 can be placed into the rod slot 240 from the top of the tulip 220 and secured with the locking cap 244. The locking cap 244 also secures the polyaxial screw 214 via a downward force on the screw head saddle 254 and clamp 252. As shown in Figure 28C, the free end 270 of the flexible band 12 passes around the bone anatomy and back through the band slot 222 into the band clamp portion 218 of the implant 212 to form a loop. The loop is tensioned to provide fixation to the bone, and then the set screw 230 of the locking member 228 is tightened downward to lock the flexible band 12 to the implant 212 .

[0051] 29-33, there is shown a band clamp implant assembly or system 300 according to one embodiment. Similar to implant system 210, implant 302 is configured to secure a flexible band 12, a spinal rod 14, and a bone fastener 214. In this embodiment, system 300 includes two band clamp portions 306, 308 configured to receive and secure band 12 integrally connected to a single tulip-shaped head 304.

[0052] The implant 302 includes an integral screw head 304 with two band clamps 306, 308. As shown in the exploded view of FIG. 31, the integral screw head portion 304 is the same as the integral tulip screw head 220 and includes a clamp 252 and a saddle 254 that are reversibly attached to the screw shank 250. The geometry within the head portion 220 allows the clamp 252 and saddle 254 to be positioned above or below the modular bump 266. In the loaded position, when the clamp 252 and saddle 254 are positioned above the modular bump 266, the clamp 252 can flex open to receive the head of the screw shank 250. In the locked position, when the clamp 252 and saddle 254 are positioned below the modular bump 266, the clamp 252 cannot open, preventing the head of the screw shank 250 from being released. The screw head portion 304 includes a rod slot 240 for receiving the spinal rod 14 and receives a threaded locking cap 244 to secure the spinal rod 14 .

[0053] The implant 302 includes two separate and distinct band clamps 306, 308. The first band clamp 306 is located anterior to the implant 302 and the second band clamp 308 is located posterior to the implant 302. Both clamps 306, 308 may be offset medially relative to the pedicle screws 214, which allows the clamps 306, 308 to be located directly above the lamina for optimal placement of the flexible band 12.

[0054] The band clamps 306, 308 may be similar to the band clamp 218. Each band clamp portion 306, 308 has a band slot 310, 312 for receiving the flexible band 12 and a threaded hole 314, 316 that intersects with the corresponding band slot 310, 312. The forward band slot 310 may be aligned with the rear band slot 312. For example, as shown in FIG. 33, the axis of the central hole of the forward band slot 310 may be coaxial with the axis of the central hole of the rear band slot 312 along axis C. The threaded holes 314, 316 may be aligned generally perpendicular to axis C. The forward threaded hole 314 may be positioned generally parallel to the rear threaded hole 316.

[0055] The implant 302 includes two locking members 318, 320 that can be received in corresponding holes 314, 316. Similar to the locking member 228, each of the locking members 318, 320 may include a set screw 322, 324 that engages a saddle 326, 328, respectively. The set screws 322, 324 and saddles 326, 328 move within the corresponding threaded holes 314, 316 such that the saddles 326, 328 can reversibly interfere with the band slots 310, 312. Each band slot 310, 312 can receive one free end of the flexible band 12 to form a loop therebetween. The set screws 322, 324 are threaded downward, which causes the saddles 326, 328 to contact the band 12. The force applied by the threads locks the flexible band 12 between the saddles 326,328 and the bodies of the clamps 306,308.

[0056] According to one embodiment, a method of securing the flexible band 12 to the spinal rod 14 may involve one or more of the following steps in any suitable order: (1) securing the pedicle screw 214 to the pedicle of the vertebra, (2) loading the pedicle screw 214 into the tulip head 304 of the implant 302 from the bottom, (3) loading the rod 14 into the tulip head 304 of the implant 302 from the top, (4) connecting the locking cap 244 to the top of the tulip head 304 to lock the position of the rod 14 and the pedicle screw 214, (5) feeding the free end of the flexible band 12 into the band slot 310 of the anterior band clamp 306, (6) threading the other free end of the flexible band 12 around the bony anatomy to form a loop that contacts the bone, and (7) inserting the pedicle screw 214 into the tulip head 304 of the implant 302. (8) tensioning the flexible band 12 by applying a pulling force to the free end of the flexible band 12, thereby tightening the loop around the bony anatomical structure, (9) tightening the locking members 318, 320 within the band clamps 306, 308 to bring the corresponding saddles 326, 328 into contact with the flexible band 12 within the band slots 310, 312, securing the flexible band 12 to the band clamps 306, 308, and (10) cutting and removing any excess length of the flexible band 12 near the band clamps 306, 308. This method allows the surgeon to achieve correction and fixation of the spinal deformity.

[0057] 34A-34C, a band clamp implant assembly or system 340 is shown according to one embodiment. The implant system 340 includes a free band clamp implant 342 that is not intended to secure the flexible band 12 to a pedicle screw or spinal rod. The free band clamp 342 has a body defining a band slot 344 for receiving the band 12 therethrough. The band slot 344 may extend through the body of the clamp 342 from the anterior to the posterior of the implant 342. The body further defines a threaded hole 346 that intersects with the band slot 344.

[0058] The implant 342 is configured to hold a locking member 348 that includes a set screw 350 and a saddle 352. The set screw 350 and saddle 352 are attached to one another and are capable of translational movement within the threaded hole 346. The set screw 350 may have grooves 354 on a lower, inner portion that mate with one or more tabs or protrusions 356 on the saddle 352. The tabs or protrusions 356 on the saddle 352 may flex inwardly when pressed into the set screw 350 and snap back to their original shape upon reaching the grooves 354. The set screw 350 is capable of rotating independently of the saddle 352.

[0059] The band slot 344 can receive one or both ends of the flexible band 12. When the set screw 350 is threaded downward, the saddle 352 is forced into contact with the flexible band 12. The force applied by the threads of the set screw 350 secures the flexible band 12 within the band slot 344 between the saddle 352 and the underside of the implant 342. The implant 342 may include one or more recesses 358 or other suitable mechanisms for engaging an insertion and / or tensioning tool. The implant 342 is configured to lock the flexible band 12 in a tensioned state to provide fixation after the flexible band 12 is wrapped around the bone anatomy. Specifically, the band 12 may be threaded through the band slot 344, looped around the bone, and threaded again through the same band slot 344. A single locking member 348 then locks both ends of the band 12, thereby maintaining tension on the band 12.

[0060] 35-38C, there is shown a band clamp implant assembly or system 360 according to one embodiment. Similar to implant system 10, implant 362 is configured to connect flexible band 12 to spinal rod 14, which can provide supplemental fixation to, for example, pedicle screws. Implant 362 can be useful in providing additional fixation to patients with poor bone quality and / or inadequate pedicle screw fixation.

[0061] As shown in FIGS. 35 and 36 , the implant 362 includes a body 364 and a fixation member, such as a set screw 366, configured to retain the spinal rod 14 within the implant 362. The body 364 defines a rod slot 368 configured to receive the spinal rod 14 and a threaded hole 370 that intersects with the rod slot 368. The threaded hole 370 may be offset relative to the rod slot 368. The set screw 366 may be threadably movable up and down within the threaded hole 370 to reversibly interfere with the rod slot 368. The bottom surface of the set screw 366 may be angled to press against the rod 14. In the locked position, the bottom surface of the set screw 366 contacts the rod 14, thereby securing the rod 14 within the rod slot 368.

[0062] 37A, the body 364 defines a band slot 372 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the spinal rod 14. The band slot 374 may be angled from the rear of the implant 362 toward the rod slot 368. The band slot 372 may extend from a top surface of the implant 362 and be in fluid communication with the rod slot 368. The band slot 372 may terminate near the bottom of the implant 362 below the rod slot 368. The body 364 of the implant 362 further defines an internal recess 374 configured to receive an anchor or buckle 380. The internal recess 374 intersects with the band slot 372 and the rod slot 368. The internal recess 374 extends from the rear of the body 364 and is angled or sloped downward and into the rod slot 368. The internal recess 374 includes one or more grooves 376 configured to secure the buckle 380 within the implant 362.

[0063] The body 364 of the band clamp 362 may include one or more engagement recesses 378 for engaging with an insertion and / or tensioning instrument. For example, two opposing engagement recesses 378 may be defined in a side surface near the rear of the implant 362. Each of the engagement recesses 378 may include, for example, a slot terminating in a circular divot. It will be appreciated that other suitable engagement mechanisms may be used to temporarily couple the implant 362 to an instrument, such as an inserter and / or tensioner.

[0064] As previously described with respect to FIG. 23A, the flexible band has two free ends 270, 272 and may have a middle portion 274 therebetween. The middle portion 274 of the flexible band 12 is intended to contact the bone. One free end 270 of the flexible band 12 may be optionally attached to a malleable leader 276 that can be fed around the anatomical structure to wrap the flexible band 12 around the anatomical structure. The second free end 272 of the flexible band 12 is attached to a buckle 380.

[0065] Similar to buckle 278, buckle 380 may be cone-shaped with grooves 382 that engage with grooves 376 in mating recesses 374 in body 364 of implant 362. Buckle 380 may include flexion cuts configured to allow the outer shape to compress and enter into mating recess 374. When grooves 382 on buckle 380 align with grooves 376 in recess 374, flexion allows buckle 380 to spring back to its original shape, thus preventing disassembly. Buckle 380 may also include a loop around which flexible band 12 may be attached. An internal recess 374 in body 364 may receive flexible band 12. Internal recess 374 has grooves 376 that mate with grooves 382 on buckle 380. Flexible band 12 passes through recess 374 and buckle 380 snaps into mating groove 376. Once assembled, the flexible band 12 is securely attached at one end to the body 364 .

[0066] As shown in FIGS. 38A-38C, the flexible band 12 passes through the recess 374 in the body 364 until the buckle 380 snaps into place and secures the flexible band 12 to the body 364. As shown in FIG. 38A, the band 12 travels down the rod slot 368 and the free end 274 of the flexible band 12 is threaded around the bony anatomy. As shown in FIG. 38B, the free end 274 re-enters the body 364, passes under the rod slot 368, and then passes up through the band slot 372, forming a loop. As shown in FIG. 38C, the implant 362 is placed over the spinal rod 14 and the set screw 366 is partially tightened to provisionally secure the spinal rod 14 in the rod slot 368 of the implant 362. The partial tightening allows the flexible band 12 to slide freely through the band slot 372. A tensioning device can be used to apply tension to the free end 272 of the band 12. The loop is tensioned to provide fixation to the bone. The set screw 366 is then finally tightened. Final tightening of the set screw 366 brings the rod 14 into contact with the flexible band 12, locking the tension in the loop and securing the implant 362 to the spinal rod 14.

[0067] 39-45B, a band clamp implant assembly or system 400 is shown according to one embodiment. Similar to implant system 362, implant 402 is configured to connect a flexible band 12 to a spinal rod 14 to provide fixation to the spine. Band 12 is wrapped around a bony anatomical structure, such as the lamina or transverse process, and then tension is applied to translate the spine onto the spinal rod 14. After sufficient translation is achieved to correct the deformity, the tensioned band 12 is locked to the spinal rod 14 by band clamp 402. Band 12 may be advantageous in pediatric and neuromuscular deformity cases due to the high prevalence of weak bone and malformed vertebrae, where placement of pedicle screws may be difficult or impossible.

[0068] As shown in FIGS. 41A-B, the implant 402 includes an implant housing 404, a drive screw 406, a clamp 408, and a locking cap 410. The implant housing 404 has a rod slot 412 configured to receive the spinal rod 14 and a threaded hole 414 that intersects with the rod slot 368. The rod 14 may be side-loaded into the rod slot 412. The hole 414 may be generally aligned with the rod slot 412 such that the hole axis of the hole 414 is generally perpendicular to the long axis of the rod 14. The hole 414 may define a thread therein. The locking cap 410 is configured to engage the rod 14 seated within the rod slot 412 to secure the rod 14 relative to the implant housing 404. The locking cap 410 may be in the form of a threaded set screw having a recess 416 on an upper surface of the locking cap 410 configured to receive a driver instrument. When rotated, the locking cap 410 can threadably move up and down within the threaded hole 414 to reversibly interfere with the rod slot 412. The underside of the locking cap 410 can be generally planar to press against the rod 14. In the locked position, the underside of the locking cap 410 contacts the rod 14, thereby securing the rod 14 within the rod slot 412.

[0069] As shown in FIGS. 42A-42D , the implant housing 404 has an elongated channel 418, a pocket 420, and a groove 422. The channel 418 is configured to receive the clamp 408, and the pocket 420 is configured to receive the drive screw 406. The pocket 420 may extend from a top surface of the housing 404 and be in fluid communication with the channel 418. The channel 418 may extend from the pocket 420 through to a bottom surface of the housing 404. The channel 418 and the pocket 420 may be coaxial along an axis D. The axis of the hole 414 of the locking cap 410 may be substantially parallel to the axis D. The groove 422 in the implant housing 404 is configured to receive the flexible band 12. The groove 422 is located below the rod slot 412. The groove 422 in the implant housing 404 is positioned such that the groove 422 intersects with the implant passage 436 in the clamp 408.

[0070] The housing 404 of the band clamp 402 may include one or more engagement or retention recesses 424 for engaging with an insertion and / or tensioning instrument. For example, two opposing engagement recesses 424 may be defined in a side surface near the rear of the implant 402. Each of the engagement recesses 424 may include a slot extending from a top surface and terminating in, for example, a circular divot. It will be appreciated that other suitable engagement mechanisms may be used to temporarily couple the implant 402 to an instrument, such as an inserter and / or tensioner.

[0071] The drive screw 406 includes an enlarged head 426 and a shaft 428. The head 426 may define an instrument recess 430 on an upper surface configured to engage an instrument, such as a driver. The instrument recess 430 in the drive screw 406 may be different than the instrument recess 416 in the locking cap 410. The shaft 428 may be threaded along its length. As shown in FIGS. 42C-D, the drive screw 406 may engage the clamp 408 such that the clamp 408 is capable of translating within the channel 418 between a first position and a second position within the implant housing 404.

[0072] 43, the clamp 408 includes a bore 434 configured to receive the shaft 428 of the drive screw 406 and an intersecting implant passageway 436 configured to receive the flexible band 12. The bore 434 may extend from a top surface of the clamp 408 and be in fluid communication with the passageway 436. The bore 434 may be at least partially threaded to engage the external threads of the shaft 428 of the drive screw 406. The passageway 436 extends through the body of the clamp 480.

[0073] 44A-B, the pocket 420 of the implant housing 404 and the head 426 of the drive screw 406 each include a groove configured to receive a first retaining ring 440. The first retaining ring 440 holds the drive screw 406 in place within the implant housing 404. The drive screw 406 is free to rotate about its long axis but does not have to translate within the implant housing 404. The implant 402 may optionally include a thrust washer 442 located between the head 426 of the drive screw 406 and a bottom of the pocket 420 within the implant housing 404. The implant 402 may also optionally include a drag ring 444 located within the pocket 420 of the implant housing 404 and around the head 426 of the drive screw 406. The drag ring 444 may be positioned between the retaining ring 440 and the thrust washer 442. The clamp 408 may define a counterbore, and a distal end of the drive screw 406 may define a groove configured to receive a second retaining ring 446. The second retaining ring 446 prevents the clamp 408 from disengaging from the drive screw 406 after assembly.

[0074] 45A-B, the implant housing 404 and the clamp 408 each have a surface configured to contact the flexible band 12. The implant housing 402 is shaped such that the distance between these surfaces varies depending on where the clamp 408 is located within the channel 418 in the implant housing 404. As shown in FIG. 45A, when the clamp 408 is located in a first unlocked position within the channel 418 in the implant housing 404, the distance between the surfaces is sufficient space for the flexible band 12 to pass through the implant passageway 436 in the clamp 408. As shown in FIG. 45B, when the clamp 408 is located in a second locked position within the channel 418 in the implant housing 404, the distance between the surfaces is reduced such that the surfaces contact the flexible band 12, pinching it and thereby securing the band 12 within the implant 402.

[0075] According to one embodiment, a method of securing flexible band 12 may involve one or more of the following steps in any suitable order. (1) inserting the free end of the flexible band 12 through the band slot 422 into the rear of the implant housing 404 and out through the front of the implant housing 404; (2) threading the free end of the flexible band 12 around the bone anatomical structure to form a loop that contacts the bone; (3) re-inserting the free end of the flexible band 12 into the same band slot 422 at the front of the housing 404 below the rod slot 412 and through to the back of the housing 404; (4) tensioning the flexible band 12 by applying a pulling force to the free end of the flexible band 12, thereby tightening the loop around the bone anatomical structure; (5) rotating the drive screw 406 to move the clamp 408 to a locked position, thereby securing the flexible band 12 within the clamp 408; and (6) cutting and removing any excess length of the flexible band 12 near the rear of the housing 404. This method allows the surgeon to achieve spinal deformity correction and fixation. This technique may be advantageous in pediatric and / or neuromuscular deformity cases where traditional pedicle screw fixation is compromised or not possible due to the presence of weak bone or malformed vertebrae.

[0076] 46-50B, a band clamp implant assembly or system 460 is shown according to one embodiment. The implant 462 is configured to lock the flexible band 12 in tension without the presence of a spinal rod. The sublaminar band 12 can be used to provide posterior fixation of the spine as an alternative or supplement to pedicle screw instrumentation. The implant 462 may be useful in patients with poor bone quality or difficult anatomy where the interface between the bone and the implant is compromised. For example, patients with pedicle deformities may present with dysmorphic vertebrae that limit the use of pedicle screws. Patients with osteoporosis may have an increased risk of back-out due to weak connections between the bone and the implant. Additionally, the sublaminar band 12 may be used when a patient presents with a fracture of the anatomy. The band 12 can be wrapped and tensioned around a fracture site, such as a C2 fracture of the odontoid process, to provide fixation and promote healing. In these clinical scenarios, it may be advantageous to have the implant 462 lock the sublaminar band 12 in tension.

[0077] As shown in FIGS. 46A-B, the implant 462 may include an outer body 464, a drive screw 466, and a clamp assembly 468. Turning to FIG. 47A, the outer body 464 defines first and second band slots 470, 472 configured to receive the flexible band 12. The band slots 470, 472 may each extend from the upper surface to the lower surface of the body 464. The band slots 470, 472 may be elongated in width to accommodate the flattened profile of the band 12. Turning to FIG. 47B, the outer body 464 defines a recess 474 extending from the upper surface to the lower surface of the body 464. The recess 474 includes a pocket 476 and a through hole 478 in which the drive screw 466 rests. The band slots 470, 472 and the recess 474 may form a sloped surface 480 toward the lower portion of the body 464. The angled surface 480 may be angled to have a narrower width toward the top of the body 464 and a greater width toward the bottom of the body 464 .

[0078] The outer body 464 defines one or more engagement recesses 482 configured to mate with an instrument for providing tension to the flexible band 12 prior to locking. For example, two opposing engagement recesses 482 may be defined in the sides near the top of the implant 462. It will be appreciated that other suitable engagement mechanisms may be used to temporarily couple the implant 462 to an instrument, such as an inserter and / or tensioner.

[0079] The drive screw 466 includes an enlarged head 484 and a shaft 486. The head 484 may define an instrument recess 488 on an upper surface configured to engage an instrument, such as a driver. The shaft 486 may be threaded along its length. The drive screw 466 is retained within the outer body 464 by a first retaining ring 490. The drive screw retaining ring 490 may be in the form of a split ring. The split ring 490 may be located within a groove 492 in the head 484 of the drive screw 466.

[0080] 48, the clamp assembly 468 includes a carriage 500 and a clamp 502. The clamp 502 is split into two halves defining a cylindrical opening 504 for receiving the carriage 500. The two halves of the clamp 502 may be separated by a gap 506 when assembled with the carriage 500. The side of the clamp 502 may be an angled surface 508 that mimics the angled surface 480 in the body 464 of the implant 462. The opening 504 defines an internal groove 510 configured to engage the carriage 500. The carriage 500 defines a generally cylindrical body with a central bore 512 extending from the top surface to the bottom surface of the carriage 500. The central bore 512 may be threaded to allow the clamp assembly 468 to be threaded onto the drive screw 466. The distal end of the drive screw 466 has a groove 494 in which a second retaining ring 496 is placed. The second retaining ring 496 may be in the form of a split ring that prevents the clamp assembly 468 from unscrewing from the drive screw 466. The carriage 500 may define an outer annulus 518 that forms a middle band about the center of the carriage 500. The annulus 518 may be received within a groove 510 in the clamp 502, thereby connecting the clamp 502 to the carriage 500.

[0081] The implant 462 may optionally include a drag ring 514 located within the pocket 476 of the body 464 and around the head 484 of the drive screw 466. The drag ring 514 may be in the form of a split ring. The implant 462 may also optionally include a friction ring 516 to provide friction to the drive screw 466. The friction ring 516 may be in the form of a washer located between the head 484 of the drive screw 466 and the bottom of the pocket 476 in the body 464 of the implant 462.

[0082] 49A-B, actuation of the drive screw 466 may cause the clamp assembly 468 to translate up and down. As shown in FIG. 49A, the inner surface of the outer body 464 and the outer surface of the clamp 502 have mating ramps 480, 508 such that when the clamp assembly 468 is in a first open position, there is clearance for the flexible band 12 to pass through the implant 462. In the open position, the clamp assembly 468 is in a lower position allowing the band 12 to pass through the band slots 470, 472. As shown in FIG. 49B, actuation of the drive screw 466 causes the clamp assembly 468 to translate to a locked second position in which the clamp assembly 468 contacts the flexible band 12 against the inner surface of the outer body 464, thus locking the band 12. In the locked position, the clamp assembly 468 is in an upward position and the band 12 is sandwiched between the clamp 502 and the body 464 of the implant 462 .

[0083] According to one embodiment, a method of securing the flexible band 12 to the spinal rod 14 may involve one or more of the following steps in any suitable order: (1) feeding the free end of the flexible band 12 through the first band slot 470 while the clamp assembly 468 is in the lower open position as shown in FIG. 50A, (2) threading the other free end of the flexible band 12 around the bony anatomical structure to form a bone-contacting loop, (3) threading the other free end of the flexible band 12 through the second band slot 472, (4) tensioning the flexible band 12 by applying a pulling force to the free end of the flexible band 12, thereby tightening the loop around the bony anatomical structure, (5) rotating the drive screw 466 to move the clamp 502 upward to a locked position as shown in FIG. 50B, thereby securing the flexible band 12 within the implant 462, and (6) cutting and removing any excess length of the flexible band 12.

[0084] 51A-51C, a band clamp implant assembly or system 520 is shown according to one embodiment. The implant 522 is similar to the implant 462, except that only a single band slot 524 is provided to receive both ends of the band 12. The single band slot 524 extends from the top to the bottom of the implant 522. Upon actuation of the drive screw 466, the clamp assembly 468 translates up and down within the implant 522. In FIG. 51C, the clamp assembly 468 is shown in an open configuration with the clamp 502 positioned downward within the body 464. The band 12 may be threaded through the single band slot 524, wrapped around the bone, and then threaded again through the same band slot 524. After tensioning the band 12, the clamp assembly 468 may be moved upward to lock the band 12. The angled feature 508 of the clamp 502 contacts the band 12 and secures it against the angled feature 480 of the outer body 464. Since there is no second band slot on the opposite side of the clamp 502 and recess 474, the mating shape may be generally planar or of any other suitable configuration.

[0085] 52-55, there is shown a band clamp implant assembly or system 530 according to one embodiment. Similar to implant 522, implant 532 includes a single band slot 538 that receives both ends of band 12. In this embodiment, a rotatable cam lock 536 is used to secure band 12 within implant 532.

[0086] 52, the implant 532 includes an outer body 534 and a cam lock 536. The outer body 534 has a band slot 538 configured to receive the flexible band 12. The band slot 538 may extend from the upper surface to the lower surface of the body 534. The band slot 538 may be elongated in width to accommodate the flat profile of the band 12. The outer body 534 defines a recess 540 that extends from the upper surface to the lower surface of the body 534. The recess 540 includes a pocket 542 and a through hole 544 in which the cam lock 536 rests. The outer body 534 may include one or more engagement recesses 546 configured to mate with an instrument to provide tension to the flexible band 12 prior to locking.

[0087] The cam lock 536 may include a head 550 having a cam body 552. The head 550 may define an instrument recess 554 in an upper surface configured to engage an instrument, such as a driver. The cam body 552 is offset relative to a longitudinal axis of the head 550 such that a cam engagement surface 556 projects laterally outward. The cam lock 536 is retained within the outer body 534 by a retaining ring 558. The cam lock retaining ring 558 may be in the form of a split ring. The split ring 558 may be located within a groove 560 near a top of the head 550 of the cam lock 536.

[0088] The implant 532 may optionally include a drag ring 562 that is positioned within the pocket 542 of the body 534 around the head 550 of the cam lock 536. The drag ring 562 may be in the form of a split ring that is positioned below the retaining ring 558. The implant 532 may also optionally include a friction ring 564 to provide friction to the cam lock 536. The friction ring 564 may be in the form of a split ring that is positioned between the head 550 of the cam lock 536 and the bottom of the pocket 542 in the body 534 of the implant 532.

[0089] 53A-53B, the cam lock 536 may rotate to engage and disengage the band slot 538 to secure the band 12 therein. As shown in FIG. 53A, the cam lock 536 may rotate within the outer body 534 such that when the cam lock 536 is in a first open position, there is space to allow the flexible band 12 to pass through the slot 538 in the outer body 534. As shown in FIG. 53B, when the cam lock 536 is actuated, the cam surface 556 is configured to contact the flexible band 12 against an inner surface of the outer body 534, thereby locking the band 12 within the implant 532. FIG. 54A shows a bottom view of the implant 532 with the cam lock 536 in an unlocked position, allowing the band 12 to pass freely through the slot 538. FIG. 54B shows the implant 532 with the cam lock 536 in a locked position, thereby locking the band 12 within the implant 532.

[0090] According to one embodiment, a method of securing the flexible band 12 to bone may involve one or more of the following steps in any suitable order: (1) feeding the free end of the flexible band 12 through the band slot 538 while the cam body 552 is in its open position, (2) threading the free end of the flexible band 12 around the bone anatomical structure to form a loop that contacts the bone, (3) threading the free end of the flexible band 12 back through the same band slot 538, (4) tensioning the flexible band 12 by applying a pulling force to the free end of the flexible band 12, thereby tightening the loop around the bone anatomical structure, (5) rotating the cam lock 536 to move the cam body 552 to a locked position as shown in FIG.

[0091] 56A-56C, there is shown a band clamp implant assembly or system 570 according to one embodiment. Similar to implant 532, implant 572 includes a single band slot 578 that receives both ends of band 12. In this embodiment, one or more spring blocks 576 are used to secure band 12 within implant 572.

[0092] The implant 572 includes a housing 574 and a pair of spring blocks 576. A band slot 578 in the housing 574 is configured to receive the flexible band 12. The band slot 578 may extend from the top to the bottom of the housing 574. The housing 574 may be curved or convex along the top surface. A pair of parallel openings 580 may extend from the front to the back of the housing 574 on either side of the band slot 578. The openings 580 may be in fluid communication with the band slot 574. The openings 580 may be oriented generally perpendicular to the band slot 578.

[0093] The spring blocks 576 may include a number of cuts or slits, or may include, for example, a shape memory material, configured to allow the blocks 576 to be deformed. The blocks 576 may return to their original shape after being deformed. Each of the spring blocks 576 may define a generally quadrilateral cuboid body. For example, the spring blocks 576 may have a generally rectangular cuboid body having a length greater than its width and height. One or more slits may extend along the length. The spring blocks 576 are located inside the housing 574 on either side of the band slots 578, such that the spring blocks 576 protrude into the band slots 578.

[0094] The spring block 576 may be elastically compressed to allow the flexible band 12 to pass through the slot 578. The spring block 576 defines a chamfer 582 at a leading edge such that engagement with an instrument compresses the spring block 576 out of the slot 578, thus allowing the flexible band 12 to pass. The flexible band 12 is then tensioned to provide fixation to the anatomy. When the instrument is removed from the implant 572, the spring block 576 returns to its resting position and contacts the band 12. The contact between the spring block 576 and the flexible band 12 ensures tension in the band 12.

[0095] 57A-57C, a cross connector assembly or system 600 is shown according to one embodiment. The implant 602 is a cross connector that connects to two rods 14 and secures two separate flexible bands 12 around a bone. With reference to FIG. 57A, the implant 602 includes first and second arms 604, 606 configured to translate toward and away from each other. The first arm 604 includes a first open clamp 608 configured to receive the first rod 14, and the second arm 606 includes a second open clamp 610 configured to receive the second rod 14. The first and second rods 14 may extend generally parallel to each other.

[0096] As shown in FIG. 57C, the first arm 604 may define a central longitudinal bore 612 sized and dimensioned to receive the extension 614 of the second arm 614, allowing the arms 604, 606 to translate relative to one another. In this manner, the overall length of the implant 602 may be adjusted based on the distance between the first and second rods 14. A first fastener or set screw 616 may be located at the inner end of the first arm 604. The set screw 616 may be threaded downward to lock the translational movement and distance of the two arms 604, 606. It will be appreciated that the configuration of the bore 612 and extension 614 may be reversed or otherwise configured to allow translational movement between the two arms 604, 606.

[0097] Each arm 604, 606 has an open clamp 608, 610 for receiving a respective spinal rod 14 and a set screw 624, 628 for securing the implant 602 to the spinal rod 14. The first clamp 608 defines a first opening, recess, or rod slot 618 sized and dimensioned to receive the spinal rod 14. The rod slot 618 may define a generally c-shaped recess sized and dimensioned to accommodate the first rod 14 when the first rod 14 is bottom-loaded into the implant 602. The hooks of the clamp 608 may face inwardly toward the center of the implant 602. The second clamp 610 defines a second opening, recess, or rod slot 620 sized and dimensioned to receive the spinal rod 14. The rod slot 620 may define a generally c-shaped recess sized and dimensioned to accommodate the second rod 14 when it is bottom-loaded into the implant 602. The hooks of the clamp 610 may face outward, away from the center of the implant 602. It will be appreciated that the slots 618, 620 may face in any suitable direction for attachment to the rod 14.

[0098] The first arm 604 defines a first threaded hole 622 in fluid communication with the rod slot 618. A second locking member or set screw 624 is positionable within the first threaded hole 622 such that, when in the lower position, a bottom surface of the set screw 624 is configured to contact and secure the spinal rod 14 within the clamp 608. Similarly, the second arm 606 defines a second threaded hole 626 in fluid communication with the rod slot 620. A third locking member or set screw 628 is positionable within the second threaded hole 626 such that, when in the lower position, a bottom surface of the set screw 626 is configured to contact and secure the spinal rod 14 within the clamp 610.

[0099] Each of the arms 604, 606 defines a through slot or band slot 630, 632 configured to receive a flexible band 12. The band slots 630, 632 may be positioned generally parallel to one another. The band slots 630, 632 may be positioned such that the slots 630, 632 are positioned above the lamina. A threaded hole 634, 636 is positioned above and in fluid communication with each band slot 630, 632 for receiving a threaded set screw 638, 640. Each of the threaded set screws 638, 640 may be downwardly threaded to secure the flexible band 12. Each of the set screws 616, 624, 626, 638, 640 may define an instrument recess that is configured to be engaged by an instrument, such as a driver, to rotate the set screws 616, 624, 626, 638, 640 into a lower, locked position.

[0100] 58-81, alternative embodiments consistent with the principles of the present disclosure are shown that allow for the flexible bands to be locked in tension without the presence of a spinal rod.

[0101] 58A and 58B, a band clamp 5800 is shown. The band clamp 5800 can secure a flexible band in tension. The band clamp 5800 has a body 5802 having a first opening 5804, which may be referred to as a band slot 5804, for receiving a flexible band, and a second opening 5806, which may be referred to as an anchor slot 5806, located below the first opening 5804. The body 5802 has a threaded hole 5808 in communication with the band slot 5804. A threaded locking member 5810 can be positioned within the threaded hole to contact the flexible band and secure the flexible band to the body 5802.

[0102] The threaded locking member 5810 may include a threaded set screw 5902 coupled to a saddle 5904. The set screw 5902 may have a slot 5906 for receiving an upper portion 5908 of the saddle 5904. When the top 5908 of the saddle 5904 is positioned within the slot 5906 in the set screw 5902, a hole 5910 through the long axis of the set screw 5902 may be aligned with a corresponding hole 5912 along the long axis of the saddle 5904. A pin 5914 may be pressed into the aligned holes 5910 and 5912 of the set screw 5902 and saddle 5904 to prevent the saddle 5904 from backing out of the set screw.

[0103] In one exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 60A, the set screw 5902 and saddle 5904 may be permanently engaged to the body 5802 after assembly. The body 5802 is shaped such that the set screw 5902 is threaded into the body 5802 from the top and the saddle 5904 is inserted through the band slots 5804 into a slot 5906 in the set screw 5902. The saddle 5904 is sized such that it cannot pass through the minor diameter of the threads in the body 5802, thus preventing disassembly when the set screw 5902 is threaded upwards. The body 5802 is shaped such that the saddle 5904 cannot rotate within the body 5802, but can translate up and down by the action of the set screw 5902. The body 5802 also has a clearance space above the band slot 5906 such that when the set screw 5902 is screwed upwardly, the saddle 5904 is positioned above the band slot 5804 allowing the flexible band to pass freely through the band slot 5906.

[0104] 60B, the set screw 5902 and saddle 5904 can be threaded in and out of the body 5802. The body 5802 has a groove 6002 through its threads to receive a mating bump 6004 on the saddle 5904, which prevents the saddle 5904 from rotating as the set screw 5902 threads up and down within the body 5802.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 61, an exemplary flexible band 6102 consistent with the principles of the present disclosure is shown. The flexible band 6102 has a first end 6104, a second end 6106, and a middle portion 6108 therebetween. The middle portion 6108 is intended to contact the bone. The first end 6102 is attached to a leader 6110. The leader 6110 can be fed around the anatomical structure to wrap the flexible band 6102 around the anatomical structure to be fixed. The leader 6110 can be malleable or rigid. The second end 6106 of the flexible band 6102 is attached to an anchor 6112. The anchor 6112 is shaped so that it can engage with a mating recess in the body of the band clamp. 62, the anchor 6112 has a slit 6202 that allows the anchor 6112 to contract when it first enters the anchor slot 5806 and then expand within a mating recess in the anchor slot 5806 in the body 5802. Once fully positioned within the mating recess, the anchor 6112 can spring back open to prevent disassembly. The anchor 6112 may also have a mechanism for engaging with a mating instrument to allow for disassembly.

[0106] FIG. 63 illustrates a band clamp system or assembly 6300 including a band clamp 5800, a flexible band 6102, a leader 6110, and an anchor 6112. The body 5802 has an anchor slot 5806 located below the band slot 5804. The anchor slot 5806 is shaped to be able to engage the anchor 6112 of the flexible band 6102. As shown in FIG. 63, the flexible band 6102 is inserted through the anchor slot 5806 in the body 5802, leader 6110 end first, and pulled until the anchor 6112 engages the mating recess 6402. As shown in FIG. 64, the engagement between the anchor 6112 and the mating recess securely attaches the flexible band 6102 to the body 5802. FIG. 65 illustrates the flexible band engaging the body 5802 of the band clamp 5800.

[0107] As shown in Fig. 66, the free end of the flexible band 6102 is then wrapped around the patient's anatomy to be fixed and fed again through the band slot 5806 to form a loop. As shown in Fig. 67, the loop is tensioned by pulling on the free end of the flexible band 6102 with a tensioning tool or ratcheting tensioner 6702. Once the desired amount of tension has been applied to the flexible band 6102 to achieve fixation, the set screw 5902 is threaded down so that the saddle contacts the flexible band 6102 in the band clamp 5800 and secures the flexible band, as shown in Fig. 68.

[0108] 69-72 show a band clamp system 6900 including a band clamp 6902, a flexible band 6904, and a leader tip 6906. The band clamp system 6900 is a band clamp 6902 connected to a flexible band 6904. The band clamp 6902 has a set screw component 6910 and a saddle component 6912 for securing the flexible band 6904, similar to those described above with respect to FIGS. 58A-68. The flexible band 6904 has a leader tip 6906 at a first end for passing around the bony anatomy. The leader tip 6906 may be malleable to shape to more easily pass around the anatomy.

[0109] As shown in Figures 70A-B, the band clamp 6902 has two slots. One slot 6914 is where the flexible band 6904 is looped and sewn in place at stitching 6908 to form an assembly at the second end. The second slot 6916 is where the opposite end of the flexible band 6904 is fed through the band clamp 6902 again to form a loop. The band clamp 6902 has a threaded hole and clearance space that intersects with the upper band slot (Figure 70B). The set screw and saddle components are coupled together and move up and down so that the set screw always engages the threaded hole and the saddle is positioned within the clearance space. The clearance space is shaped so that the saddle cannot rotate during translation.

[0110] As shown in FIG 71A, the set screw can be positioned in an upper position such that the saddle is in the clearance space above the band slot and the band slot can freely receive the flexible band. When the set screw is screwed down, the saddle can secure the flexible band by contacting it in the band slot, as shown in FIG 71B. The band clamp 6902 may also have a mechanism for engaging an insertion and tensioning tool. FIG 72 shows the flexible band 6904 again looped through the band clamp 6902.

[0111] 73 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a band clamp assembly 7300 consistent with the principles of the present disclosure, where the band clamp 7302 is similar to the band clamps previously described, except that the band clamp 7302 has one slot for suturing a portion of a flexible rod which then reenters the same slot to form a loop.

[0112] 74A-80, a tensioning tool assembly 7400 is shown which may include an inserter fork 7402, an outer sleeve 7404, and a tension indicator 7406 consistent with the principles of the present disclosure. The assembly 7400 may be used with a tensioning tool (such as tensioning tool 6702) to apply tension to one of the band clamp assemblies 5800, 6300, 6900, and 7300 (see FIG. 67). FIG. 74A shows the inserter fork 7402, FIG. 74B shows the outer sleeve 7404, and FIG. 74C shows the tension indicator 7406.

[0113] The inserter fork 7402 and outer sleeve 7404 are coupled together via threads. The distal end of the inserter fork 7402 has a band clamp having a shape for engaging with the band clamps previously described, for example assemblies 5800, 6300, 6900, and 7300.

[0114] The distal end of the inserter fork 7402 is spread apart at rest to receive the band clamp, and the outer sleeve 7404 may be distally threaded so that the inserter fork can be compressed into a locked position to securely hold the band clamp, as shown in FIG.

[0115] The tension indicator 7406 has a piston 7502 located inside a barrel 7504. The piston 7502 contacts a spring 7506 such that there is a direct correlation between the force required to move the piston 7502 and the distance the piston has moved. The tension indicator 7406 has a handle attachment 7508 coupled to the piston 7502 via a pin that passes through a slot in the barrel. The handle attachment 7508 may slide over the barrel 7504, which translates the piston 7502 and compresses the spring 7506. The barrel 7504 may have etchings 7602 on it such that the position of the handle attachment 7508 indicates the amount of force being applied to the spring 7506, as shown in FIG. 76. The handle attachment 7508 has a shape 7604 for engaging a ratcheting tensioner, such as tensioning tool 6702.

[0116] As shown in FIGS. 77-78, the tension indicator 7406 has a through hole 7802 for receiving the inserter fork 7402 and a button assembly 7702 for engaging the inserter fork 7402. The button 7702 is positioned in a slot 7704 in the barrel 7504 and coupled via a pin. The pin is positioned in a slot in the button such that the button can slide up and down in the slot in the barrel 7504. Two compression springs 7902 are captured between the button 7702 and the barrel 7504 such that the button 7702 remains in a raised position at rest. The inserter fork 7402 has a slot that mates with the button assembly 7702 on the tension indicator 7406. The button 7702 is shaped such that the inserter fork 7402 can slide freely through the button 7702 when the button 7702 is depressed and in a lowered position as shown in FIG. 79A. The inserter fork 7402 and barrel 7504 have a mating shape that prevents rotation between the two parts during engagement, as shown in FIG.

[0117] The handle attachment 7508 of the tension indicator 7406 has a mechanism that engages with the ratcheting tensioner 6702. The ratcheting tensioner 6702 can apply tension to the flexible band, exerting a force on the spring 7506 in the tension indicator 7406. Thus, the instrument assembly can indicate to the user how much tension is in the band based on how far the spring is compressed. This is indicated by etchings on the barrel. It is advantageous for the user to know how much tension is in the band to achieve proper fixation.

[0118] An exemplary method of fixing the spine using the band clamp assembly 6300, the instrument assembly 7400, and the ratcheting tensioner 6702 is described in the following steps.

[0119] 1. Using the leader 6110 on the flexible band 6102, wrap the flexible band 6102 around the bone structure to be fixed.

[0120] 2. Passing the end of the flexible band 6102 through the band slot 5804 on the band clamp 5800.

[0121] 3. Threading the outer sleeve 7404 onto the inserter fork 7402.

[0122] 4. Engaging the tension indicator 7406 with the inserter fork 7402.

[0123] 5. Engaging the ratcheting tensioner 6702 with the tension indicator 7406.

[0124] 6. Engaging the inserter fork 7402 with the body 5802 and threading the outer sleeve 7404 downward to securely capture the body 5802 on the inserter fork 7402.

[0125] 7. Positioning the body 5802 at the desired location on the spine.

[0126] 8. Feed the end of the flexible band 6102 through the spool on the ratcheting tensioner 6702.

[0127] 9. Applying tension to the flexible band 6102 by actuating the handle of the ratcheting tensioner 6702 to wrap the flexible band 6102 around the spool.

[0128] 10. Stop tensioning the flexible band 6102 when the tension indicator 7406 indicates the desired tension.

[0129] 11. Final tightening: Inserting the driver shaft through the inserter fork 7402 and into the set screw 5902 on the band clamp 5800.

[0130] 12. Tightening the set screw 5902 to lock the flexible band 6102 to the body 5802.

[0131] 13. Cutting off the excess length of the flexible band 6102 near the body 5802.

[0132] 14. Disengaging the instrument assembly from the implant.

[0133] 82A-96D, a band clamp implant system and components of the band clamp implant system consistent with the principles of the present disclosure are shown. FIG. 82A shows an exemplary implant housing or band clamp 8200 having a hole 8202 for receiving a spinal rod 8204. As shown in FIG. 82B, the hole 8202 can be oriented along a long axis of the band clamp 8200 such that an end of the rod 8204 can be inserted into the band clamp 8200. The band clamp 8200 has a threaded hole 8206 that intersects with the hole 8202 for receiving the spinal rod 8204. As shown in FIG. 82C, a threaded set screw 8208 can be positioned and actuated in the threaded hole 8206 to secure the spinal rod 8204 within the band clamp 8200. The band clamp 8200 has a hole 8210 for receiving a flexible band 8212. As shown in FIG. 82B, the hole 8210 can be oriented at least partially along an axis of the band clamp 8200. The band clamp has a threaded hole 8214 that intersects with the hole 8210 that receives the flexible band 8212. A threaded set screw 8216 can be positioned in the threaded hole 8214 and actuated to secure the flexible band 8212 within the band clamp 8200, as shown in FIG.

[0134] As shown in FIG. 82D, an exemplary embodiment consistent with the principles of the present disclosure can be used to provide additional fixation to the spinal rod structure by wrapping a flexible band around the anatomical structure and securing the flexible band to the spinal rod. A band clamp 8200 is placed on the end of the rod 8204 and locked in place by tightening a set screw 8208. A flexible band 8212 is wrapped around the anatomical structure to be fixed, forming a loop. Both ends of the band 8212 can be threaded back through the band clamp 8200 and tensioned to provide fixation, after which a threaded set screw 8216 is tightened to secure the band 8212. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 82E, two band clamps can be placed on the spinal rod structure and a flexible band can be connected between them. A band clamp is attached to the end of the rod on each side of the spine. A flexible band is wrapped around the anatomical structure to be fixed. One end of the band is placed within the band clamp on each side of the spine. The flexible band is tensioned and secured to achieve fixation.

[0135] 83A-83C, an exemplary embodiment consistent with the principles of the present disclosure is shown. In FIG. 83A, a band clamp 8300 has a slot 8302 for receiving an anchor component 8402. As shown in FIG. 83B, the band clamp 8300 has a hole 8304 for receiving a spinal rod 8306. As shown in FIG. 83C, the hole 8304 is oriented along the long axis of the band clamp 8300 so that an end of a rod can be inserted into the band clamp 8300. The band clamp 8300 has a threaded hole 8308 that intersects with the hole 8304 that receives the spinal rod 8306. As shown in FIG. 83C, a threaded set screw 8310 can be positioned and actuated in the threaded hole 8308 to secure the spinal rod 8304 within the band clamp 8300.

[0136] As shown in FIG. 84A, the flexible band 8404 has two ends 8406, 8408 at the beginning with a middle portion 8410 therebetween. The middle portion 8410 of the flexible band 8404 is configured to contact the bone. The first free end 8408 of the flexible band 8404 is attached to a malleable leader 8412. The malleable leader 8412 can be oriented around the anatomical structure to wrap the flexible band 840 around the anatomical structure to be fixed. The second free end 8406 of the flexible band 8404 is attached to an anchor component 8402. The anchor component is shown in FIG. 84B.

[0137] The band clamp 8300 has an anchor slot 8302 essentially in line with the longitudinal axis of the band clamp 8300. The anchor slot 8302 is shaped such that it can engage the anchor component 8402 of the flexible band 8404. As shown in FIG. 85A, the flexible band 8404 is inserted through the anchor slot 8302 in the band clamp 8300, malleable leader 8412 end first, and pulled until the anchor 8402 engages the concave feature 8312 (as shown in FIGS. 83B and 83C). As shown in FIG. 85B, the engagement between the anchor 8402 and the concave feature 8312 securely attaches the flexible band 8404 to the band clamp 8300.

[0138] The band clamp 8300 can be used to provide additional fixation to the spinal rod structure by wrapping a flexible band around the anatomical structure and securing it to the spinal rod. The band clamp can be placed on the end of the rod 8306 and locked in place by tightening the set screw 8310. The flexible band 8404 is inserted into the band clamp 8300 until the anchor 8402 engages the band clamp 8300. The free end of the flexible band 8404 is wrapped around the anatomical structure to be secured. The band clamp 8200 (described above) can be similarly positioned on the spinal rod on the other side of the spine. The free end of the flexible band 8404 can be inserted into the band clamp on the other side of the spine and tension can be applied to form a fixation. The set screw on the implant housing can then be tightened to secure the band, as shown in FIG.

[0139] FIG. 87 illustrates a spinal rod 8700 having an integral slot 8702 for receiving an anchor component 8802. The anchor slot 8702 is essentially in line with the long axis of the rod 8700 and is shaped such that it can engage the anchor component 8802 of a flexible band 8804. As shown in FIG. 88A, the flexible band 8804 is inserted through the anchor slot 8702 in the rod 8700, flexible leader end first, for example, as previously described, and pulled until the anchor 8802 engages the concave feature 8806. The engagement between the anchor 8802 and the concave feature 8806 securely attaches the flexible band 8804 to the rod 8700 (FIG. 88B).

[0140] The rod 8700 can provide additional fixation to the spinal rod structure by wrapping a flexible band around the anatomical structure and securing it to the spinal rod. The rod 8700 allows the surgeon to add band fixation without having to connect an additional implant to the spinal rod. The flexible band is inserted into the one-piece rod implant until the anchor component engages the implant. The free end of the flexible band is then wrapped around the anatomical structure to be fixed. The band clamp 8200 can be similarly positioned on the spinal rod on the other side of the spine. The free end of the flexible band can be inserted into the implant housing on the other side of the spine and tension can be applied to form a fixation. The set screw on the implant housing is then tightened to secure the band (FIG. 89).

[0141] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 90A, the rod on the opposite side of the spine can be a rod 9000 with an integral band clamp 9002. As shown in FIG. 90B, the band clamp portion 9002 can have a hole 9006 for receiving a flexible band 9004 that communicates with a threaded hole 9008 for receiving a set screw locking member 9010. The flexible band 9004 can be inserted into a rod 8700 with an integral anchor slot 8702 on one side of the spine and then wrapped around the anatomical structure to be fixed. The free end of the flexible band is then placed into a rod 9000 with an integral band clamp 9002 on the opposite side of the spine and tension is applied to provide fixation (FIG. 91).

[0142] As shown in FIG. 92A, a spinal rod connector 9200 is shown having an integral slot 9202 for engaging an anchor component 9204. The connector 9200 has a through hole 9206 for receiving a spinal rod 9208. As shown in FIG. 92B, the connector 9200 can be slid onto the rod 9208 prior to inserting the rod 9208 into the pedicle screws 9210 such that the connector 9200 is positioned on the spinal rod 9208 between two pedicle screws 9210. The anchor slot 9202 is offset laterally from the rod slot 9206 and has a shape such that it can engage the anchor component 9204 of the flexible band 9212. The flexible band 9212 is inserted through the anchor slot 9202, for example, malleable leader end first, as previously described, and pulled until the anchor 9204 engages the concave feature of the anchor slot 9202 (FIG. 92C). The engagement between the anchor 9204 and the recessed feature securely attaches the flexible band 9212 to the connector 9200 (FIG. 93A).

[0143] As shown in FIG. 92B, the connector 9200 is placed on the spinal rod 9208 between the two pedicle screws 9210. The flexible band 9212 is inserted into the anchor slot 9202 until the anchor component 9204 engages the connector 9200. The free end of the flexible band 9212 is then wrapped around the anatomical structure to be fixed. A band clamp 8200 or similar implant can be positioned on the spinal rod on the other side of the spine. The free end of the flexible band can be inserted into an implant on the other side of the spine and tensioned to form a fixation. Tensioning the flexible band causes the implant to slide along the first spinal rod until the envisioned implant contacts the pedicle screws (FIG. 93B). The tension in the flexible band forms a fixation. The set screw of the implant on the second spinal rod is then tightened to secure the band (FIGS. 94A and 94B).

[0144] As shown in FIGS. 95A-D, flexible bands are shown to provide supplemental fixation to the spine. As shown in FIG. 95A, a flexible band 9502 has a loop at one end 9504 configured to receive a spinal rod. The opposite end of the band is freely wrapped around a bony anatomical structure. A spinal rod 9506 is inserted through the loop of the flexible band 9502 and then placed into a pedicle screw 9508. The free end of the band is then wrapped around the anatomical structure to be fixed. A band clamp 8200 or similar implant can be positioned on the spinal rod on the opposite side of the spine. The free end of the flexible band can be inserted into the band clamp 8200 on the opposite side of the spine and tension can be applied to form a fixation. Tensioning the flexible band causes the band loop to slide along the first spinal rod until it contacts one of the pedicle screws 9508 (FIG. 95B). The tension in the flexible band 9502 creates a fixation. The set screw of the implant on the second spinal rod is then tightened to secure the band (FIGS. 95C and 95D).

[0145] 96-106, an exemplary device for applying tension to a flexible band is disclosed. The tensioner 9600 consists of an adjustable head 9602, a fixed handle assembly 9604, a pivoting handle assembly 9606, a spool assembly 9608, a leaf spring 9610, and a release arm 9612. As will be described in more detail below, the tensioner 9600 may be a ratcheting tensioner having an adjustable head 9602 configured to move between two different positions.

[0146] 96 and 97, each handle assembly 9604, 9606 has a through hole for receiving a spool assembly 9608. The tensioner 9600 has two ratchets 9614 disposed between the fixed handle 9604 and the pivoting handle 9606 on either side of the fixed handle 9606 (see FIG. 98). Each ratchet 9614 has a notch for receiving both halves of the spool assembly 9608. The spool assembly 9608 is free to rotate within the handle assemblies 9604, 9606, but is keyed to the ratchets 9614 such that when the ratchets 9614 rotate, the spool assembly 9608 rotates. The space between the two halves of the spool assembly 9608 is large enough to receive a flexible band, such as the flexible band 9616 shown in FIG. 104B.

[0147] 97, the pivot handle 9606 has a bore 9618 for receiving an actuator 9620 and an actuator spring 9622. In a rest position, the actuator spring 9622 causes the actuator 9620 to contact one of the ratchets 9614. The pivot handle assembly 9606 has two through holes for receiving an actuator button 9624 and a button pin 9626. The actuator button 9624 is coupled to the actuator 9620 by the actuator pin 9626 such that when the button 9624 is depressed, the actuator 9624 translates away from one of the ratchets 9614 to disengage the two components.

[0148] The fixed handle assembly 9604 is coupled to a release arm 9612. The release arm 9612 is positioned in the slot and secured by a pin. The release arm 9612 has a counterbore to receive a release spring 9628. The release spring 9628 brings the release arm 9612 into contact with one of the ratchets 9614. The release arm 9612 can be disengaged from one of the ratchets 9614 by pressing down on the release arm 9612 to compress the release spring 9628.

[0149] The tensioner 9600 has a leaf spring 9610 coupled to the handle assemblies 9604, 9606. The leaf spring 9601 holds the handle assemblies 9604, 9606 open when at rest.

[0150] When the handle assemblies 9604, 9606 are squeezed, an actuator 9620 on the pivoting handle assembly 9606 contacts one of the ratchets 9614 to rotate the ratchet 9614 and the spool assembly 9608. While the ratchet 9614 is rotating, a release arm 9612 on the fixed handle assembly 9604 is lifted to the successive ratchet positions. When the handles are released, the leaf spring 9610 opens the handle assemblies 9604, 9606 and the actuator 9620 on the pivoting handle assembly 9606 lifts it back to the successive ratchet positions. Because the release arm 9612 on the fixed handle assembly 9604 engages one of the ratchets 9614, the spool assembly 9608 is held in the new orientation and does not back rotate with the opening rotating handle assembly 9606. This process is repeated to rotate the spool assembly 9608 within the tensioner 9600.

[0151] The adjustable head 9602 is connected to the fixed handle assembly 9604 via a button assembly 9630. As shown in FIGS. 99A and 99B, the button assembly 9630 allows the adjustable head 9602 to be positioned in two orientations relative to the fixed handle assembly 9604. As shown in FIGS. 100A and 100B, the adjustable head 9602 has a key feature 9632 that mates with a locking washer 9634. The locking washer 9634 can engage the key feature 9632 in two orientations. The locking washer 9634 is positioned inside a housing on the fixed handle assembly 9604. A wave spring 9636 is positioned between the housing of the fixed handle assembly 9604 and the locking washer 9634 to contact the key feature 9632 on the adjustable head 9602. The adjustable head 9602 has a slot for receiving a button foot 9630. The button foot flexes and springs back into the slot, retaining the button 9630 on the adjustable head 9602. As shown in FIG. 101B, the length of the button foot is long enough that when the button 9630 is pressed, it presses a locking washer 9634 out of engagement with a key feature 9632 on the adjustable head 9602. Thus, the adjustable head 9602 can be moved between two positions by pressing the button 9630. The adjustable head 9602 is coupled to a fixed handle assembly 9604 via a screw through the button assembly 9630.

[0152] 102 and 103 show a tensioner 9600 and a band clamp inserter assembly 10200 according to an exemplary embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. The adjustable head 9602 has a slot 9638 for receiving the handle attachment 10202 of the band clamp inserter assembly 10200. The band clamp inserter may be of the embodiments previously described in this disclosure. As shown in FIGS. 97 and 103, the intersecting slot 9638 is a bore for receiving the button spring 9640 and the stop pin 9642. At rest, the button spring 9640 protrudes the stop pin 9642 into the slot 9638 that receives the handle attachment 10202. The fixed handle assembly 9604 has two through holes for receiving the button 9644 and the button pin 9646. The button 9644 is coupled to the stop pin 9642 by a button pin 9643 such that when the button 9644 is depressed, the stop pin 9642 translates into the fixed handle assembly 9604. Thus, the adjustable head 9602 can engage on the handle attachment 10202 when the button 9644 is pressed. When the button 9644 is released, the stop pin 9642 translates into a mating hole 10204 on the handle attachment 10202 to securely couple the tensioner 9600 to the band clamp inserter assembly 10200.

[0153] As shown in FIG. 104A, the tensioner 9600 is engaged with the band clamp inserter assembly after the flexible band 9616 has been fed through the band clamp and the band clamp has been placed on the rod by the band clamp inserter assembly 10200. In FIG. 104B, the flexible band 9616 is then inserted through the tensioner 9600 between the two halves of the spool assembly 9608. As shown in FIG. 105, the handles 9604, 9606 of the tensioner 9600 are then actuated, for example in a ratchet fashion, to wrap the flexible band 9616 around the spool assembly 9608, thereby pulling the flexible band 9616 through the band clamp and applying tension. Once a sufficient amount of tension is achieved, a drive shaft can be threaded through the band clamp inserter assembly 10200 and into a set screw on the band clamp to lock the tension in the flexible band 9616. Tension can be removed from the flexible band 9616 by unwinding the spool assembly 9608. To do this, the release arm 9612 and the actuation button 9624 on the tensioner 9600 are simultaneously depressed to disengage the ratchet 9614 and the spool assembly 9608 is manually rotated to release tension on the flexible band 9616.

[0154] The present disclosure provides the surgeon with the ability to orient the tension applicator 9600 in two different positions depending on the preference of hand position while applying tension to the flexible band 9616. FIG. 106 shows a system 10600 with two sets of tension applicators in different positions. Band clamps are often used at successive spinal levels and the anatomy often causes the band clamps to be positioned close to each other. Therefore, it is advantageous for the surgeon to have two handle positions to provide space for the surgeon's hands.

[0155] The present disclosure allows the surgeon to apply tension to the flexible band to correct spinal deformity and achieve fixation. The above-described instrument provides easy engagement with the band clamp and flexible band, which saves time compared to existing techniques that use a secondary locking step for the band clamp or flexible band. The present disclosure allows options in tensioning capabilities over existing techniques that are limited by the travel range of a threaded mechanism. This saves the surgeon time during surgery since there is no need to reset the tensioner during correction. In addition, the handle mechanism allows for ease of use without the need for additional actuation instruments. The adjustable orientation allows the surgeon to customize the implementation of the instrument to the patient to optimize visualization of the surgical site.

[0156] The exemplary embodiments described above allow the surgeon to achieve spinal fixation by applying tension to flexible bands around bony elements. Flexible bands provide a strong fixation option for patients with insufficient bone density or fractured anatomical structures where screw fixation is compromised or inadequate. Flexible bands allow for a larger contact surface area and a more forgiving interface with the bone than traditional metal wires. The exemplary embodiments provide the surgeon with different options for achieving supplemental fixation with flexible bands.

[0157] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is intended to cover the modifications and variations of the present disclosure provided within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. For example, it is expressly intended that all the components of the various devices disclosed above can be combined or modified in any suitable configuration.

Claims

1. A system for tensioning a flexible band during spinal fixation surgery, comprising: a band clamp inserter configured to engage a band clamp that secures the flexible band; the band clamp inserter configured to engage a band clamp that secures the flexible band; and A first handle assembly; a second handle assembly configured to move relative to the first handle assembly; a spool assembly disposed between the first handle assembly and the second handle assembly, the spool assembly configured to receive and tension the flexible band by wrapping the flexible band around the spool assembly; an adjustable head movably secured to the first handle assembly, the adjustable head configured to be adjustably secured to a plurality of angular orientations relative to the first handle assembly; The system, wherein the adjustable head is configured to engage a handle attachment of the band clamp inserter.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein movement of the second handle assembly relative to the first handle assembly rotates the spool assembly to provide tension to the flexible band.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the spool assembly includes one or more ratchet assemblies.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the second handle assembly has an actuator configured to engage at least one of the one or more ratchet assemblies.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the second handle assembly includes a pin for releasing the actuator from the at least one of the one or more ratchet assemblies.

6. The system of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the first handle assembly includes a release arm that engages at least one of the one or more ratchet assemblies to release tension in the flexible band.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second handle assemblies each have a leaf spring that urges the first and second handle assemblies apart from each other in a rest position.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first handle assembly includes a button assembly that, when pressed, enables the adjustable head to move between the plurality of angled orientations.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the spool assembly is split between two halves and the flexible band is configured to pass through the spool assembly between the two halves.

10. 1. A system for performing spinal fixation surgery, comprising: Band clamps and a band clamp inserter configured to engage the band clamp; a flexible band configured to be inserted into the band clamp; a tensioner configured to apply tension to the flexible band prior to securing the flexible band to the band clamp, the tensioner comprising: A first handle assembly; a second handle assembly configured to move relative to the first handle assembly; a spool assembly disposed between the first handle assembly and the second handle assembly, the spool assembly configured to receive and tension the flexible band by wrapping the flexible band around the spool assembly; a tension applicator including an adjustable head movably secured to the first handle assembly, the adjustable head configured to be adjustably secured to a plurality of angular orientations relative to the first handle assembly; The system, wherein the adjustable head is configured to engage a handle attachment of the band clamp inserter.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein movement of the second handle assembly relative to the first handle assembly rotates the spool assembly to provide tension to the flexible band.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the spool assembly includes one or more ratchet assemblies.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the second handle assembly has an actuator configured to engage at least one of the one or more ratchet assemblies.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the second handle assembly includes a pin for releasing the actuator from the at least one of the one or more ratchet assemblies.

15. The system of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the first handle assembly includes a release arm that engages at least one of the one or more ratchet assemblies to release tension in the flexible band.

16. The system of claim 10 , wherein the first and second handle assemblies each have a leaf spring that urges the first and second handle assemblies away from each other in a rest position.

17. The system of claim 10 , wherein the first handle assembly includes a button assembly that, when pressed, enables the adjustable head to move between the plurality of angled orientations.

18. The system described in claim 10, wherein the spool assembly is split between two halves and the flexible band is configured to pass through the spool assembly between the two halves.

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