Methods and systems for incorporating nicotine into oral products

Abstract

To provide: methods and systems for stabilizing nicotine and incorporating nicotine into one or more oral products; and oral products.SOLUTION: Nicotine can be stabilized by mixing liquid nicotine with cellulosic fiber such that the liquid nicotine is absorbed into pores of the cellulosic fiber to form a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture. In some cases, a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture can be combined with one or more binders and molded into an oral product.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This document relates to methods and systems for incorporating nicotine into oral products. For example, the methods and systems provided herein can stabilize nicotine for handling and / or incorporation into oral products. [Background technology]

[0002] background Nicotine is a component of various tobacco products. However, over the years, various methods and systems have been developed to provide nicotine to adult subjects without the presence of tobacco plant tissue. Some methods by which tobacco-free nicotine is provided include transdermal patches, lozenges, and nicotine chewing gum.

[0003] Nicotine, or 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine, has the following structure: It is a tertiary amine having TIFF0007657989000001.tif49128.

[0004] Under ambient conditions, nicotine is an oily, volatile, hygroscopic liquid that is sensitive to light and air. The chemical and physical properties of nicotine pose numerous processing and stability problems. For example, nicotine is volatile and may evaporate during incorporation into oral products such as gums or lozenges. In an attempt to reduce potential processing and stability problems associated with nicotine compounds, numerous nicotine complexes have been developed. For example, one method involves the preparation of a complex of nicotine with an ion exchange resin. A well-known complex currently used in commercially available nicotine chewing gum is nicotine polacrilex, a complex of nicotine with the cation exchange resin AMBERLITE 164. Summary of the Invention

[0005] overview This document provides a method and system for stabilizing nicotine and incorporating liquid nicotine into an oral product. This document provides an oral product incorporating liquid nicotine. In some cases, the oral product provided herein can include cellulosic fibers and nicotine absorbed into the pores of the cellulosic fibers. In some cases, the oral product provided herein can include a binder matrix, cellulosic fibers in the binder matrix, and nicotine absorbed into the pores of the cellulosic fibers. The method and system provided herein includes a step of mixing liquid nicotine with cellulosic fibers to produce a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture. In some cases, the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture can be combined with one or more binders and the mixture can be formed into an oral product having a binder matrix.

[0006] Direct incorporation of nicotine into oral products can present a number of difficulties. In some cases, the process of mixing liquid nicotine with a mixture of dry ingredients can interfere with certain molding processes, such as compression molding. In some cases, direct incorporation of liquid nicotine can result in an excessively fast release rate from the resulting oral product. However, nicotine complexes, such as nicotine polacrilex, can present problems with incorporating nicotine into oral products. For example, certain molding processes can use temperatures that decompose certain nicotine complexes. In some cases, nicotine complexes can result in an excessively slow release rate of nicotine from the resulting oral product. Furthermore, the release rate can be rate-limited by the chemical reaction that releases nicotine, and thus adult consumers (e.g., adult tobacco consumers) can have limited ability to regulate the release of nicotine. Nicotine complexes sometimes produce acid by-products during the release of nicotine, which can further impede the release of nicotine and / or produce unpleasant flavors. Some oral products incorporating nicotine complexes may incorporate buffering agents to control the release rate and / or counteract the release of acid by the nicotine complex, but these buffering agents may provide unpleasant flavors. For example, sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate may be used as buffering agents with nicotine complexes, but sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate may also provide undesirable or off-tastes.

[0007] Combining liquid nicotine with cellulosic fiber as provided herein can provide stabilized nicotine that can be used as oral product alone or incorporated into oral product.In some cases, the oral product provided herein comprises a binder matrix, cellulosic fiber dispersed in the binder matrix, and nicotine in the pores of the cellulosic fiber.The cellulosic fiber-nicotine combination provided herein can be used in a variety of molding operations, including compression molding techniques that require dry ingredients.

[0008] The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can be derived from plant tissue. In some cases, the cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can include cellulose. The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can include lignin and / or lipids. The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can be non-tobacco cellulosic fibers. For example, the cellulosic fibers can be selected from sugar beet fibers, wood pulp fibers, cotton fibers, bran fibers, citrus pulp fibers, grass fibers, willow fibers, poplar fibers, and combinations thereof. The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can be chemically treated before use. For example, the cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can be CMC, HPMC, HPC, MCC, or other treated cellulosic materials.

[0009] The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can be porous.When liquid nicotine is mixed with cellulosic fibers, nicotine can be absorbed into the pores in the cellulosic fibers and held there by physical absorption (van der Waals forces).The number, size, size distribution, chemical and physical properties of the pores can affect the release rate of the nicotine incorporated in the cellulosic fibers and oral products.The release rate can also be manipulated by compressing the cellulosic fibers (e.g., by chewing the oral product).

[0010] The method for stabilizing nicotine provided herein can include mixing liquid nicotine with cellulosic fiber such that the liquid nicotine is absorbed into the pores of the cellulosic fiber to form a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture. In some cases, the liquid nicotine can include at least 1 weight percent nicotine. In some cases, the liquid nicotine can include 2 weight percent to 75 weight percent nicotine, and at least one diluent. In some cases, the diluent is selected from the group consisting of a plasticizer, a humectant, a flavoring, or a combination thereof. The method provided herein can include diluting the liquid nicotine with a diluent before mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fiber. The method provided herein can include equilibrating the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture in a sealed container for at least 1 hour. In some cases, the cellulosic fiber used in the method provided herein can include pores having an average pore size of about 3 nanometers to about 300 nanometers. In some cases, the weight ratio of liquid nicotine to cellulosic fiber in the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture is 1 / 1000 to 50 / 50.

[0011] The method for making an oral product provided herein can include mixing liquid nicotine with cellulosic fibers to produce a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture, mixing the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture with one or more binders to form an oral product pre-molding mixture, and molding the oral product pre-molding mixture into an oral product having a binder matrix, cellulosic fibers within the matrix, and nicotine within the pores of the cellulosic fibers. The cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture can be made using the processes and components provided herein. For example, the liquid nicotine can be diluted with propylene glycol to a concentration of 5% to 25% nicotine before mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fibers to form the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture. In some cases, the weight ratio of the liquid nicotine to the cellulosic fiber in the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture is 1 / 1000 to 50 / 50. In some cases, the binder comprises a polymer. In some cases, the binder comprises a water-soluble polymer. In some cases, the binding material comprises a mouth-stable polymer. In some cases, the binding material comprises a chewing gum base.In some cases, the binding agent may be dextrin or a dextrin derivative, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, starch, konjac, collagen, inulin, soy protein, whey protein, casein, wheat gluten, carrageenan, alginate, propylene glycol alginate, xanthan, dextrin, pullulan, curdlan, gellan, locust bean gum, guar gum, tara gum, sorbitol, sorbitol derivatives ... gum), tragacanth gum, pectin, agar, zein, karaya, gelatin, psyllium seed, chitin, chitosan, acacia gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, xanthan, cellulose, maltodextrin or other modified starches, polyurethanes, silicone polymers, polyesters, polyacrylates, polyethylene, poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) ("SEBS"), poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) ("SBS"), poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) ("SIS"), couma macrocarpa (couma macrocarpa), loquat, tunu, staghorn, chicle, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, and polyisobutylene, glycerol esters of gum, terpene resins, polyvinyl acetate, paraffin, microcrystalline wax, hydrogenated vegetable oil, lecithin, glycerol monostearate, natural latex, chicle, spruce gum, mastic gum, or combinations thereof. In some cases, forming the oral product pre-forming mixture into an oral product includes compression molding the oral product pre-forming mixture into a predetermined shape. In some cases, forming the oral product pre-forming mixture into an oral product includes extrusion and cutting of the oral product pre-forming mixture into a predetermined shape. In some cases, forming the oral product pre-forming mixture into an oral product includes injection molding of the oral product pre-forming mixture into a predetermined shape. In some cases, the oral product pre-forming mixture includes a dry mix of the ingredients. In some cases, the oral product pre-formulation mixture is substantially free of ion exchange resins.In some cases, the oral product pre-formulation mixture is substantially free of buffering agents.

[0012] The oral products provided herein can include a mixture of cellulosic fibers and liquid nicotine, the liquid nicotine being absorbed into the pores of the cellulosic fibers. In some cases, the oral products include a binder that binds the mixture of cellulosic fibers and liquid nicotine into a solid piece. The oral products provided herein can have a predetermined shape. In some cases, the predetermined shape is formed by one or more of the processes provided herein. The binder in the oral products provided herein can be a binder provided herein. The mixture of cellulosic fibers and liquid nicotine can be a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein. In some cases, the oral products provided herein can include a container. In some cases, the oral products provided herein can include a loose mixture of cellulosic fibers and liquid nicotine deposited in a container.

[0013] The basic features and various aspects of the present invention are listed below. [1] 1. A method for stabilizing nicotine comprising the step of mixing liquid nicotine with cellulosic fibers such that the liquid nicotine is absorbed into the pores of the cellulosic fibers to form a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture. [2] The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid nicotine comprises at least 1 weight percent nicotine. [3] The method of [2], wherein the liquid nicotine comprises 2 weight percent to 75 weight percent nicotine and at least one diluent. [4] The method according to any one of the above [1] to [3], wherein the diluent is selected from the group consisting of a plasticizer, a humectant, a flavoring, or a combination thereof. [5] Any of the methods according to [1] to [4] above, further comprising a step of diluting the liquid nicotine with a diluent prior to the step of mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fiber. [6] The method according to any one of [1] to [5] above, further comprising a step of equilibrating the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture in a sealed container for at least 1 hour. [7] The method according to any of [1] to [6] above, wherein the cellulosic fibers contain pores having an average pore size of about 3 nanometers to about 300 nanometers. [8] (a) mixing liquid nicotine with cellulosic fiber to produce a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture; (b) mixing the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture with one or more binding materials to form an oral product pre-molding mixture; and (c) forming the oral product pre-formed mixture into an oral product. 16. A method for incorporating liquid nicotine into an oral product, comprising: [9] The method of [8], further comprising the step of diluting the liquid nicotine with one or more diluents prior to mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fiber to form the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture.

[10] The method of [9], wherein the one or more diluents comprise a plasticizer, a flavoring agent, a humectant, or a combination thereof.

[11] 9. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more diluents include propylene glycol, and the liquid nicotine is diluted to a nicotine concentration of 5% to 25% prior to mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fiber to form the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture.

[12] Any of the methods [8] to

[11] , in which the weight ratio of liquid nicotine to cellulosic fiber is 1 / 1000 to 50 / 50.

[13] Any of the methods of [8] to

[12] , further comprising a step of holding the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture in a sealed container for at least 1 hour before mixing the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture with the binding substance so that the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture is equilibrated.

[14] The method according to any one of [8] to

[13] , wherein the binding substance is a chewing gum base.

[15] The binding substance may be dextrin or a dextrin derivative, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, starch, konjac, collagen, inulin, soy protein, whey protein, casein, wheat gluten, carrageenan, alginate, propylene glycol alginate, xanthan, dextrin, pullulan, curdlan, gellan, locust bean gum, guar gum, tara gum, gum), tragacanth gum, pectin, agar, zein, karaya, gelatin, psyllium seed, chitin, chitosan, acacia gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, xanthan, cellulose, maltodextrin or other modified starches, polyurethanes, silicone polymers, polyesters, polyacrylates, polyethylene, poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) ("SEBS"), poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) ("SBS"), poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) ("SIS"), couma macrocarpa (couma macrocarpa), loquat, rubber tree (tunu), stag bean, chicle, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, and polyisobutylene, glycerol esters of gum, terpene resins, polyvinyl acetate, paraffin, microcrystalline wax, hydrogenated vegetable oil, lecithin, glycerol monostearate, natural latex, chicle, spruce gum, mastic gum, or combinations thereof.

[16] The method according to any one of [8] to

[15] , wherein the step of molding the oral product pre-molding mixture into the oral product includes compression molding the oral product pre-molding mixture into a predetermined shape.

[17] The method of any of [8] to

[16] , wherein the oral product pre-molding mixture comprises a dry mixture of ingredients.

[18] The method according to any one of [8] to

[17] , wherein the oral product pre-molding mixture is substantially free of ion exchange resin.

[19] The method according to any one of [8] to

[18] , wherein the oral product pre-molding mixture is substantially free of a buffering agent.

[20] An oral product comprising a mixture of cellulosic fibers and liquid nicotine, the liquid nicotine being absorbed into the pores of the cellulosic fibers. [twenty one]

[20] The oral product of

[20] further comprising a binding agent for binding the mixture of cellulosic fibers and liquid nicotine into solid pieces. [twenty two] 1. The oral product of claim 1, further comprising one or more plasticizers, one or more humectants, one or more flavoring agents, one or more sweetening agents, or a combination thereof. [twenty three] The oral product of

[20] , comprising a container, and the mixture of the cellulosic fibers and liquid nicotine is loosely deposited within the container. The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the appended claims. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 is a flow chart showing an example of how liquid nicotine can be combined with cellulosic fibers and formed into an oral product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Detailed Description This document relates to stabilizing liquid nicotine, incorporating liquid nicotine into oral products, and providing oral products with desirable nicotine release characteristics. Liquid nicotine can be stabilized by mixing liquid nicotine with cellulosic fibers, so that liquid nicotine is absorbed into the pores of the cellulosic fibers to form a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture. Oral products can be produced by mixing the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein with one or more binding materials to form an oral product pre-formed mixture, and forming the oral product pre-formed mixture into an oral product. Combining liquid nicotine with cellulosic fibers as provided herein can provide stabilized nicotine that can be used in a wide variety of forming operations, including compression molding techniques that require dry ingredients. Oral products provided herein can have desirable nicotine release characteristics.

[0016] nicotine The liquid nicotine used in the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein can be tobacco-derived nicotine, synthetic nicotine, or a combination thereof. The liquid nicotine, whether tobacco-derived or synthetic, can be purchased from a commercial source. The tobacco-derived nicotine can include one or more other tobacco organoleptic components other than nicotine. The tobacco-derived nicotine can be extracted from raw (e.g., green leaf) tobacco and / or processed tobacco. Processed tobacco can include fermented and non-fermented tobacco, dark air-cured, dark fire-cured, burley, hot air-cured, and cigar filler or wrapper, as well as products from whole leaf destemming operations. The tobacco can also be conditioned by the process of heating, sweating during drying, and / or pasteurization, as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0118422 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0178398. Fermentation is typically characterized by a high initial moisture content, heat generation, and a dry weight loss of 10-20%. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,528,993; 4,660,577; 4,848,373; and 5,372,149. By processing the tobacco prior to extracting the nicotine and other organoleptic components, the nicotine from the tobacco may contain components that provide a favorable experience. Nicotine from tobacco may be obtained by mixing dried and fermented tobacco with water or another solvent (e.g., ethanol) and then removing the insoluble tobacco material. The tobacco extract may be further concentrated or purified. In some cases, selected tobacco components may be removed. Nicotine can also be extracted from tobacco by the methods described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,162,738; 3,139,436; 3,396,735; 4,153,063; 4,448,208; and 5,487,792.

[0017] The liquid nicotine can be pure, substantially pure, or diluted prior to combination with the cellulosic fiber. The dilution step shown in FIG. 1 is optional. In some cases, the liquid nicotine is diluted to a concentration of 1 weight percent to 75 weight percent prior to mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fiber. In some cases, the liquid nicotine is diluted to a concentration of 2 weight percent to 50 weight percent prior to mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fiber. In some cases, the liquid nicotine is diluted to a concentration of 5 weight percent to 25 weight percent prior to mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fiber. For example, the liquid nicotine can be diluted to a concentration of about 10 weight percent prior to mixing the liquid nicotine with the cellulosic fiber.

[0018] In some cases, the oral products comprising the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixtures provided herein can contain between 0.1 mg and 6.0 mg of liquid nicotine. In some cases, the oral products comprising the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixtures provided herein can contain between 1.0 mg and 3.0 mg of liquid nicotine.

[0019] Diluent As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid nicotine can be diluted before mixing it with the cellulosic fibers. The liquid nicotine can be diluted with any suitable diluent. Diluting the liquid nicotine can provide a larger liquid volume for the liquid nicotine and aid in metering a precise amount of nicotine. The diluent can also facilitate the absorption of nicotine into the cellulosic fibers. In some cases, the diluent can be one or more plasticizers, one or more humectants, one or more flavorants, or a combination thereof. In some cases, a single substance can act as both a plasticizer and a humectant, both a humectant and a flavorant, both a plasticizer and a flavorant, or all three. For example, propylene glycol can act as both a plasticizer and a humectant. For example, honey can act as both a humectant and a flavorant. In some cases, the diluent can include a solvent (e.g., ethanol, water, etc.). In some cases, ethanol can be used as a diluent. Ethanol can act as a solvent, but also provides some plasticizing properties in the methods, systems, and products provided herein. In some cases, the diluent can include a sweetener. In some cases, the diluent can include a combination of plasticizers, humectants, solvents, sweeteners, and / or flavorants, such that the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture mimics the flavor profile and texture of a particular tobacco product.

[0020] Suitable plasticizers include propylene glycol, glycerin, vegetable oils, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, and medium chain triglycerides. In some cases, the plasticizer can include phthalates. Esters of polycarboxylic acids and medium chain length linear or branched aliphatic alcohols can also be used as plasticizers. In addition to acting as diluents, the plasticizer can facilitate the molding process described below. The plasticizer can soften the oral product in some cases. In some cases, the oral product can include up to 20 weight percent plasticizer. In some cases, the oral product can include 0.5 to 10 weight percent plasticizer, 1 to 8 weight percent plasticizer, or 2 to 4 weight percent plasticizer. For example, the oral product can include about 3 to 6.5 weight percent propylene glycol.

[0021] A humectant is a substance used to keep an object moist. The humectant can be hygroscopic. Suitable humectants include propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butylene glycol, glyceryl triacetate, vinyl alcohol, neoagarobiose, sugar polyols (such as glycerol, sorbitol (E420), xylitol, maltitol, mannitol, and isomalt), polymeric polyols (e.g., polydextrose), Quillaja, alpha hydroxy acids (e.g., lactic acid), glycerin, aloe vera gel, and honey.

[0022] Flavoring agents can be natural or artificial. Flavoring agents can be selected from licorice, wintergreen, cherry and berry type flavoring agents, Drambuie, bourbon, Scotch, whiskey, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, cinnamon, cardamom, celery (apium graveolents), clove, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, Japanese mint, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, chamomile, menthol, ylang-ylang, sage, fennel, bell pepper, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, peppermint oil from Mentha species, cocoa, and combinations thereof. Synthetic flavoring agents can also be used. In certain embodiments, flavoring agent combinations can be combined to mimic tobacco flavor. The particular combination of flavorings may be selected from flavorings that are Generally Recognized as Safe ("GRAS").

[0023] A variety of synthetic and / or natural sweeteners can be used as diluents or added separately to the oral product. Suitable natural sweeteners include sugars, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and / or polysaccharides, and / or mixtures of two or more sugars. In some cases, the diluent can include one or more of the following: sucrose or table sugar; honey or a mixture of low molecular weight sugars not including sucrose; glucose or dextrose or corn sugar or dextrose; molasses; corn sweetener; corn syrup or glucose syrup; fructose or fructose; lactose or milk sugar; maltose or maltobiose; sorghum syrup; mannitol or manna sugar; sorbitol or d-sorbitol or d-sobitol; fruit juice concentrate; and / or a mixture or blend of one or more of these ingredients. In some cases, the diluent can include a non-nutritive sweetener. Suitable non-nutritive sweeteners include stevia, saccharin; aspartame; sucralose; or acesulfame potassium.

[0024] Cellulosic Fibers The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can be derived from plant tissue. In some cases, the cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can include cellulose. The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can further include lignin and / or lipids. Suitable sources of cellulosic fibers include wood pulp, cotton, sugar beet, bran, citrus pulp fiber, switchgrass and other grasses, Salix (willow), tea, and Populus (poplar), bamboo. In some cases, the cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can be chopped or shredded plant tissues that contain various natural flavors, sweeteners, or active ingredients. The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can include a plurality of fibers having various dimensions. In some cases, the cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can include one or more types of cellulosic fibers that are Generally Recognized as Safe ("GRAS") for human consumption.

[0025] The dimensions (in addition to the amount) of the cellulosic fibers can affect the release characteristics of the liquid nicotine from the mixture and from the oral products provided herein. The release profile of nicotine from the oral products can be affected by both the fiber size, type, and amount of the cellulosic fibers. In some cases, the cellulosic fibers can be processed to have an average fiber size of less than 200 micrometers. In some cases, the fibers can be 75 to 125 micrometers. In other embodiments, the fibers are processed to have a size of 75 micrometers or less. The cellulosic fibers can be hydrophilic, and thus, water-soluble additives (e.g., nicotine) can be preferentially absorbed into the pores of the cellulosic fibers.

[0026] The cellulosic fibers used in the methods, systems, and oral products provided herein can have pores. In some cases, the cellulosic fibers provided herein have pore sizes ranging from 3 nanometers to 300 nanometers. In some cases, the cellulosic fibers provided herein have pore sizes ranging from 10 nanometers to 200 nanometers. In some cases, the cellulosic fibers provided herein have pore sizes ranging from 20 nanometers to 100 nanometers. When liquid nicotine is mixed with the cellulosic fibers, the nicotine can be absorbed into the pores in the cellulosic fibers and held there by van der Waals forces. The number, size, and size distribution of the pores, chemical and physical surface properties can affect the release rate of nicotine incorporated in the cellulosic fibers and in the oral products. The release rate can also be manipulated by compression of the cellulosic fibers (e.g., by chewing the oral product). The hydrophilicity of the cellulosic fibers can be selected to provide a desired sensory experience when included in an oral product. For example, cellulosic fibers can be hydrophilic, and thus, water-soluble additives (eg, nicotine) can be preferentially absorbed into the cellulosic fibers.

[0027] Mixing and Equilibration As shown in FIG. 1, the cellulosic fiber and the liquid nicotine are mixed and equilibrated. The cellulosic fiber and the liquid nicotine can be mixed in a suitable mixing device for any suitable time. In some cases, the cellulosic fiber and the liquid nicotine can be mixed by a mixing device that rotates at a speed of less than 500 rpm, less than 250 rpm, less than 150 rpm, less than 100 rpm, less than 60 rpm, less than 30 rpm, or less than 10 rpm. For example, the mixer can be a Kitchenaid, Hobart Mixe, ribbon blender, or other mixing equipment depending on the desired batch size. In some cases, the cellulosic fiber and the liquid nicotine can be mixed using a rotating drum and / or a vibrating drum. In some cases, the cellulosic fiber and the liquid nicotine can be mixed for at least 1 minute, at least 3 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, or at least 30 minutes before incorporating the resulting cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture into an oral product.

[0028] After mixing the cellulosic fiber with the liquid nicotine, the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture can be equilibrated in a sealed container. In some cases, the sealed container can be a bag (e.g., a plastic bag). In some cases, the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture can be equilibrated for at least 30 minutes, at least 1 hour, at least 2 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 8 hours, or at least 10 hours before use or incorporation into an oral product. In some cases, the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture can be further mixed or stirred during the equilibration process. For example, the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture that is equilibrated in a plastic bag can be stirred during the equilibration process for a selected time (e.g., 2 hours during the equilibration process).

[0029] Oral Products The cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein can be combined with other ingredients and / or packaged to make an oral product.In some cases, the oral product provided herein can include a packaged amount of loose cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture.In some cases, the oral product provided herein can include an amount of cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture in a porous pouch.In some cases, the oral product provided herein can include a molded body that includes at least one binder and a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture.

[0030] The cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein can be used to stabilize liquid nicotine for incorporation into an oral product. In some cases, the oral products provided herein can be produced by compression molding of an oral product pre-formed mixture formed by mixing at least one or more binder materials with the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein. The oral product pre-formed mixture can be produced by compression molding of a dry mixture. Dry mixture, as the term is used herein, means that the components are introduced into a molding device in a solid form as opposed to a liquid or molten form. The dry ingredients can include, for example, cellulosic fiber with absorbed nicotine, sugar alcohols, gums, maltodextrins, polysaccharides, sweeteners, flavors, and / or antioxidants. In some cases, the oral product pre-formed mixture can be sintered to form an oral product. In some cases, the oral product pre-formed mixture can be injection molded to form an oral product. In some cases, the oral product pre-formed mixture can be extruded and cut to form one or more oral products.

[0031] The oral products provided herein may further include one or more flavorants, sweeteners, humectants, and / or plasticizers, such as the flavorants, sweeteners, humectants, and plasticizers discussed above. As described above, flavorants, sweeteners, humectants, and / or plasticizers may be added to the liquid nicotine to dilute the liquid nicotine. In some cases, flavorants, sweeteners, humectants, and / or plasticizers may be added to the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein after the nicotine is absorbed. In some cases, flavorants, sweeteners, humectants, and / or plasticizers may be mixed with the binding material and the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein to form an oral product pre-formed mixture. The oral products provided herein may also include antioxidants and / or colorants.

[0032] The body of the oral product can have a variety of different shapes, some of which include disk, shield, rectangle, and square. According to certain embodiments, the body can have a length or width of 5 mm to 100 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm to 30 mm.

[0033] binding substance The binding material can be any suitable material that binds together an amount of the cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture provided herein into a single piece.

[0034] In some cases, the binding material can be a water-soluble polymer so that the resulting oral product can dissolve in the mouth of an adult consumer.For example, the binding material can be a carbohydrate.In some cases, the binding material comprises a hydroxyl group-containing compound, dextrin or dextrin derivative, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, starch, konjac, collagen, inulin, soy protein, whey protein, casein, wheat gluten, carrageenan, alginate, propylene glycol alginate, xanthan, dextrin, pullulan, curdlan, gellan, locust bean gum, guar gum, tara gum, tragacanth gum, pectin, agar, zein, karaya, gelatin, psyllium seed, chitin, chitosan, acacia gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, or combinations thereof. In some cases, the binding material is selected from the group of guar gum, xanthan, cellulose, and combinations thereof. In some cases, the binding material can include maltodextrin or other modified starches.

[0035] In some cases, the binder can be a mouth-stable polymer. Suitable mouth-stable polymer matrices can include polyurethanes, silicone polymers, polyesters, polyacrylates, polyethylenes, poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) ("SEBS"), poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) ("SBS"), poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) ("SIS"), and other similar thermoplastic elastomers, or any copolymers, mixtures, or combinations thereof.

[0036] In some cases, the binding material can be a chewing gum base. The chewing gum base can include ingredients from the following types: elastomers (such as Coix macrocarpa, Loquat, Rubber tree, Staghorn, Chicle, Styrene-butadiene rubber, Butyl rubber, and Polyisobutylene); resins (glycerol esters of gum, terpene resins, and / or polyvinyl acetate); waxes (such as paraffin or microcrystalline wax); fats (such as hydrogenated vegetable oils); emulsifiers (such as lecithin or glycerol monostearate); fillers (such as calcium carbonate or talc); antioxidants (e.g., BHT, BHA, tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate). In some cases, the chewing gum base can include natural latex, vegetable gums (e.g., chicle), spruce gum, and / or mastic gum.

[0037] A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. It will be understood, however, that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. 1. An oral product comprising a porous pouch and a composition within the porous pouch, The composition comprises a mixture comprising microcrystalline cellulose and diluted nicotine, The diluted nicotine comprises a triglyceride and liquid nicotine. The oral product.

2. 10. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the triglyceride comprises medium chain triglycerides.

3. 2. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the liquid nicotine is tobacco-derived nicotine.

4. 2. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the liquid nicotine is synthetic nicotine.

5. 10. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises liquid nicotine in an amount of 1 mg or more.

6. 10. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a sweetener.

7. 7. The oral product of claim 6, wherein the sweetener comprises a sugar alcohol.

8. 8. The oral product of claim 7, wherein the sugar alcohol comprises xylitol.

9. 7. The oral product of claim 6, wherein the sweetener comprises sucralose.

10. 10. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an antioxidant.

11. 10. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a flavoring agent.

12. 10. The oral product of claim 1, wherein the diluted nicotine is absorbed into microcrystalline cellulose.

13. 1. An oral product comprising a porous pouch and a composition within the porous pouch, The composition comprises microcrystalline cellulose, diluted nicotine absorbed in the microcrystalline cellulose, a sweetener, a flavoring agent, and an antioxidant; The diluted nicotine comprises medium chain triglycerides and nicotine. The oral product.

14. 14. The oral product of claim 13, wherein the sweetener comprises a sugar alcohol.

15. 15. The oral product of claim 14, wherein the sweetener further comprises sucralose.

16. 16. The oral product of claim 15, wherein the sugar alcohol comprises xylitol.

17. 14. The oral product of claim 13, wherein the nicotine comprises nicotine derived from tobacco.

18. 14. The oral product of claim 13, wherein the nicotine comprises synthetic nicotine.

19. 14. The oral product of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises nicotine in an amount of 1 mg or more.

20. 1. An oral product comprising a porous pouch and a composition within the porous pouch, The composition comprises microcrystalline cellulose and diluted nicotine absorbed into the pores of the microcrystalline cellulose, The diluted nicotine comprises medium chain triglycerides and liquid nicotine. The oral product.

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