Glass body

Abstract

A glass body according to the present invention comprises a first glass plate having a first surface and a second surface and a first film region provided with a first Low-E film formed on at least a portion of at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the first glass plate, wherein the first film region has radio wave transmissivity.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a glass body. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, glass bodies coated with a Low-E film that transmits visible light and reflects infrared light have been proposed for use as window glass in vehicles and buildings. The aim is to use such glass bodies to improve the thermal insulation of window glass. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 3732349 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, the above-mentioned glass body has a problem in that it has low radio wave transmittance and makes it difficult to transmit and receive radio waves, for example, via mobile phone signals. The present invention has been made to solve this problem, and has an object to provide a glass body that has radio wave transmittance while having a low emissivity film. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] Item 1. A first glass plate having a first surface and a second surface; a first film region having a first Low-E film formed on at least a portion of at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the first glass plate; Equipped with The first film region is a glass body having radio wave transparency.

[0006] Item 2. The glass body according to item 1, wherein the first film region has the first Low-E film consisting of a plurality of discontinuous islands separated by a plurality of gaps.

[0007] Item 3. The first Low-E film has a base layer laminated on the first surface of the first glass plate and a shielding layer laminated on the base layer, Item 3. The glass body according to item 2, wherein the gap is provided with the underlayer laminated on the first surface of the first glass plate, and the underlayer is exposed.

[0008] Item 4. The first Low-E film has a base layer laminated on the first surface of the first glass plate and a shielding layer laminated on the base layer, Item 3. The glass body according to item 2, wherein the first surface of the first glass plate is exposed in the gap.

[0009] Item 5. The glass body according to any one of Items 2 to 4, wherein the maximum dimension of the islands of the first Low-E film separated by the gap is 100 μm to 5 mm.

[0010] Item 6. The glass body according to item 2 or 5, wherein the gap has a width of 1 to 100 μm.

[0011] Item 7. The glass body according to any one of Items 1 to 6, further comprising a second film region formed on the surface of the first glass plate on which the first film region is formed, the second film region having a second Low-E film and not having radio wave transparency.

[0012] Item 8. The glass body according to item 7, wherein the second film region is formed to surround the first film region.

[0013] Item 9. The insulating glass panel according to item 7 or 8, wherein the second Low-E film is made of the same material as the first Low-E film and is continuous with no gaps.

[0014] Item 10. A second glass plate having a first surface and a second surface; a spacer disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate to form a gap layer between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; Further equipped with Item 10. The glass body according to any one of items 1 to 9, wherein the second surface of the first glass plate and the first surface of the second glass plate are arranged to face each other via the air gap layer.

[0015] Item 11. The glass body according to item 10, wherein the second surface of the second glass plate has an antenna area in which an antenna is disposed.

[0016] Item 12. The antenna region is formed to be the same size as a region corresponding to the first film region when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first glass plate and the second glass plate, or is formed to be smaller than the corresponding region. The glass body according to item 11.

[0017] Item 13. The antenna region is formed to be the same size as a region corresponding to the first film region when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first glass plate and the second glass plate, or at least one side of the antenna region extends inward from an edge of the corresponding region. The glass body according to item 11.

[0018] Item 14. The glass body according to item 13, wherein at least one side of the antenna region is 10 mm or more inward from the edge of the corresponding region by 10 mm or more.

[0019] Item 15. The glass body according to any one of items 10 to 14, wherein the first film region is formed larger than a rectangle with one side measuring 33 mm.

[0020] Item 16. The glass body according to any one of Items 10 to 15, wherein the first film region is formed on the second surface of the first glass plate.

[0021] Item 17. The glass body according to any one of Items 10 to 15, wherein the first film region is formed on the first surface of the second glass plate.

[0022] Item 18. The glass body according to any one of Items 1 to 17, wherein the first Low-E film contains a transparent conductive oxide.

[0023] Item 19. The glass body according to item 18, wherein the transparent conductive oxide has a film thickness of 50 to 1000 nm.

[0024] Item 20. The glass body according to any one of Items 1 to 17, wherein the first Low-E film contains a shielding layer mainly composed of silver.

[0025] Item 21. The glass body according to item 20, wherein the shielding layer has a thickness of 5 to 20 nm.

[0026] Item 22. The glass body according to any one of Items 1 to 21, wherein the first Low-E film is a laminate of two shielding layers mainly composed of silver. Effect of the Invention

[0027] The glass body according to the present invention has radio wave transparency while having a low emissivity film. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which a glass body according to the present invention is applied to a double-glazing panel. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a view taken along line AA in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the first film region. [Figure 4] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a glass body. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a glass body. [Figure 6A] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between a corresponding region and an antenna region. [Figure 6B] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between a corresponding region and an antenna region. [Figure 6C] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between a corresponding region and an antenna region. [Figure 7] FIG. [Figure 8] 4 is a photograph showing the first film region of Examples 6 to 8. [Figure 9A] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the gap in the width direction of Example 6. [Figure 9B] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the gap in the longitudinal direction of Example 6. [Figure 10A] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the gap in the width direction of Example 8. [Figure 10B] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the gap in the longitudinal direction of Example 8. [Figure 11A] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an aperture. [Figure 11B] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an aperture. [Figure 12A] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an aperture. [Figure 12B] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an aperture. [Figure 13A] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an aperture. [Figure 13B] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an aperture. [Figure 14A] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an aperture. [Figure 14B] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an aperture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0029] Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the glass body according to the present invention is applied to a double-glazing panel will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the double-glazing panel, and FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1. The double-glazing panel can be used for various purposes, for example, as window glass for buildings, and window glass for vehicles such as automobiles, aircraft, ships, and trains. Although not shown, various antennas (not shown) for receiving radio waves are arranged on the indoor (car) side of the double-glazing glass. The antennas can also be attached to the indoor (car) side surface of the double-glazing glass.

[0030] <1. Overview of insulating glass panels> As shown in FIG. 1, the insulating glass panel according to this embodiment has two glass sheets having substantially the same rectangular outer shape, that is, a first glass sheet 1 and a second glass sheet 2, and these glass sheets 1 and 2 are connected to each other by a spacer 5 arranged on the periphery. The spacer 5 forms an air gap layer 3 between the two glass sheets 1 and 2. Furthermore, in the first glass sheet 1, a first film region 41 having a first Low-E film and a second film region 42 having a second Low-E film are formed on the surface facing the air gap layer 3. When an antenna for transmitting and receiving radio waves is installed on the indoor surface of the insulating glass panel, the first film region 41 may be formed at the location where the antenna is to be installed, but the position is not particularly limited. In addition, although not shown, the air gap layer 3 is sealed by a sealant arranged outside the spacer 5. Each member will be described below.

[0031] <2. First glass plate> The first glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12, and is disposed so that the second surface 12 faces the air gap layer 3. As described above, the first film region 41 and the second film region 42 are formed on the second surface 12. The material of the first glass plate 1 is not particularly limited, and a known glass plate can be used. For example, various glass plates such as heat absorbing glass, clear glass, green glass, UV green glass, and soda lime glass can be used. The thickness of the first glass plate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 15 mm, and more preferably 2.5 to 8 mm.

[0032] <3. Second glass plate> The second glass plate 2 has a first surface 21 and a second surface 22, and is disposed so that the first surface 21 faces the air gap layer 3. The material and thickness of the second glass plate 2 can be the same as those of the first glass plate 1. The thicknesses of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may be the same or different.

[0033] <4.Low-E film (low emissivity film)> <4-1. Overview of Low-E Film> 2, the first film region 41 is formed in a rectangular shape, and is formed at the upper right of the first glass plate 1. Specifically, it is disposed at a distance from the upper edge and the side edge of the first glass plate 1. The second film region 42 is formed in a region on the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 other than the region where the first film region 41 is formed.

[0034] The size of the first film region film 41 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 50 to 500 mm in the vertical direction and 50 to 500 mm in the horizontal direction. By applying the first film region partially, the film formation cost can be reduced and the deterioration of the heat shielding and heat insulating properties can be suppressed. In addition, the length from the upper side of the first glass plate 1 to the first film region 41 can be, for example, 10 to 150 mm, and the length from the side of the first glass plate 1 to the first film region 41 can be, for example, 10 to 150 mm. This makes it easier for the radio waves transmitted from the antenna to reach the entire room and makes it easier to install the antenna wiring.

[0035] <4-2.Second membrane area> Next, there will be described the configuration of the second film region 42. The configuration of the second film region 42 is not particularly limited, and a known Low-E film can be applied.

[0036] The second film region 42 is formed by a second Low-E film. The second Low-E film is, for example, a continuous film including a shielding layer that shields radio waves. This film has a structure in which, for example, a dielectric layer / shielding layer / sacrificial layer / dielectric layer are laminated in this order from the second surface 12 side of the first glass plate 1. In other words, this Low-E film has a first laminated structure including a shielding layer, a sacrificial layer arranged in contact with the shielding layer on the surface of the shielding layer opposite to the main plane side, and a pair of dielectric layers sandwiching the shielding layer and the sacrificial layer. In addition, this Low-E film may include two or more shielding layers, which allows the design of a multi-layer glass panel with a smaller U value (coefficient of thermal transmission). In this case, the second Low-E film 42 may have a structure in which, for example, a dielectric layer / shielding layer / sacrificial layer / dielectric layer / shielding layer / sacrificial layer / dielectric layer are laminated in this order from the second surface 12 side of the first glass plate 1. That is, the second Low-E film may have a first stacked structure of two or more shielding layers, in which case the dielectric layer sandwiched between the sacrificial layer and the shielding layer can be shared by the two first stacked structures.

[0037] In addition, the dielectric layer directly below each shielding layer (on the first glass plate side) may function as a base layer, and the dielectric layer laminated on the shielding layer via a sacrificial layer may function as an anti-reflection layer.

[0038] Each of the dielectric layer, the shielding layer and the sacrificial layer may be a single layer made of one material, or a laminate of two or more layers made of different materials.

[0039] The pair of dielectric layers sandwiching the shielding layer and the sacrificial layer in the first stacked structure may be made of the same material or different materials.

[0040] The second low-E film including the shielding layers is usually composed of 2n+1 or more layers, since if the number of shielding layers is n, then the number of dielectric layers sandwiching the shielding layers is n+1 or more.

[0041] The shielding layer may be, for example, a metal layer containing silver. Hereinafter, the metal layer containing silver will be referred to as an Ag layer. The Ag layer may be a layer containing Ag as a main component and may be made of Ag. In this specification, the term "main component" refers to the component having the highest content in the layer, and the content is usually 50% by weight or more, and more preferably 70% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, and 90% by weight or more in that order. Instead of Ag, the shielding layer may be made of a material in which Ag is doped with a metal such as palladium, gold, indium, zinc, tin, aluminum, or copper.

[0042] The shielding layer may be, for example, a transparent conductive oxide, particularly a layer containing fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) as a main component as the transparent conductive oxide.

[0043] When the second Low-E film includes at least one shielding layer, and the shielding layer is a metal layer, the thickness of each shielding layer is preferably, for example, 5 to 20 nm. If the thickness of the shielding layer is less than 5 nm, the continuity of the shielding layer cannot be maintained, and sufficient low radiation performance may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds 20 nm, for example, as architectural glass, the color of the shielding layer may be conspicuous, and a desirable appearance may not be obtained.

[0044] The sacrificial layer is a layer mainly composed of at least one selected from titanium, zinc, nickel, chromium, zinc / aluminum alloy, niobium, stainless steel, alloys thereof, and oxides thereof. The thickness of the sacrificial layer is, for example, 0.1 to 5 nm, and preferably 0.5 to 3 nm.

[0045] The dielectric layer is, for example, a layer containing an oxide or nitride as a main component, and a more specific example of such a dielectric layer is a layer containing at least one selected from the oxides and nitrides of silicon, aluminum, zinc, tin, titanium, indium, and niobium as a main component. In addition, when a plurality of shielding layers are provided, the dielectric layer serving as the base layer directly below the second shielding layer (the side away from the first glass plate 1) is preferably composed mainly of zinc oxide. The thickness of the dielectric layer is, for example, 8 to 120 nm, and preferably 15 to 85 nm.

[0046] The method of forming the shielding layer, the sacrificial layer and the dielectric layer is not limited, and known thin film forming methods can be used. For example, these layers can be formed by a sputtering method. That is, the second Low-E film including the shielding layer can be formed by a sputtering method. The dielectric layer made of an oxide or a nitride can be formed by a reactive sputtering method, which is a type of sputtering method. The sacrificial layer is a layer required for forming a dielectric layer on the shielding layer by reactive sputtering (a layer that prevents oxidation of the shielding layer by oxidizing itself during reactive sputtering), and the name of the sacrificial layer is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0047] Another example of the second Low-E film is a laminated film including a transparent conductive oxide layer. This film has a second laminated structure in which, for example, an underlayer / transparent conductive oxide layer are laminated in this order from the second surface 12 side of the first glass plate 1. In other words, this Low-E film has a second laminated structure including a transparent conductive oxide layer and underlayers sandwiching the transparent conductive oxide layer. This second Low-E film may include two or more transparent conductive oxide layers.

[0048] Each of the underlayer and the transparent conductive oxide layer may be a single layer made of one material, or a laminate of two or more layers made of different materials.

[0049] The underlayer may be, for example, a layer mainly composed of at least one selected from oxides of zinc and tin, or at least one selected from oxides, nitrides, and oxynitrides of silicon and aluminum. The underlayer prevents alkali metal ions such as sodium ions contained in the glass plate from migrating to the transparent conductive oxide layer, thereby preventing the oxide layer from deteriorating in function. The thickness of the underlayer is, for example, 5 to 80 nm, and preferably 10 to 50 nm. The underlayer may be composed of two or more layers having different refractive indices. In this case, the reflection color of the second Low-E film can be made closer to a neutral color by adjusting the thickness of each layer. In the underlayer composed of two or more layers, for example, two layers, it is preferable that, from the main plane side of the glass plate, the first underlayer is mainly composed of tin oxide or titanium oxide, and the second underlayer is mainly composed of silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.

[0050] The transparent conductive oxide layer is a layer mainly composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc aluminum oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO:Sb) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F). The transparent conductive oxide layer has a thickness of, for example, 100 to 500 nm, and preferably 120 to 350 nm.

[0051] In a specific example of the second laminated structure, the transparent conductive oxide layer includes a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer having a thickness of 120 nm or more, and the amorphous layer includes a silica layer having a thickness of 15 to 70 nm. The fluorine-doped tin oxide layer having a thickness of 120 nm or more contributes to making the emissivity ε of the second Low-E film equal to or less than a certain value. The silica layer having a thickness of 15 nm to 70 nm can suppress the variation in the reflected color of the insulating glass panel when viewed from the indoor space side and the outdoor space side, particularly the reddish color.

[0052] The method of forming the underlayer, the transparent conductive oxide layer, and the amorphous layer is not limited, and known thin film formation methods can be used. For example, these layers can be formed by the CVD method. That is, the second Low-E film including the transparent conductive oxide layer can be formed by the CVD method. The formation of the thin film by the CVD method can be performed "online" in the manufacturing process of the glass plate, more specifically, in the manufacturing process of the glass plate by the float method.

[0053] <4-3. 1st membrane area> Next, the first film region 41 will be described. The first film region 41 is a low-emission film like the second film region 42, but is different in that it also has radio wave permeability. Therefore, it can transmit radio waves in the mobile phone frequency range (about 700 MHz to about 28 GHz). For example, it can transmit radio waves for so-called 5G (fifth generation mobile communications) with frequencies of 3.6 to 28 GHz.

[0054] 3, unlike the second film region 42, the first film region 41 is formed of a plurality of islands 412 separated by gaps 411, and each island 412 is formed of the first Low-E film. That is, in the first film region 41, the first Low-E film is in a discontinuous state having gaps.

[0055] The first low-E film can be selected from the materials constituting the second low-E film described above. In this case, the first low-E film and the second low-E film can be made of the same material or different materials.

[0056] The shape of the island 412 is not particularly limited, and may be various shapes such as a circle, a rectangle, a polygon, or an irregular shape. The maximum outer diameter of the island 412 is, for example, preferably 100 μm to 5 mm, more preferably 200 μm to 1 mm, and particularly preferably 500 to 900 μm. If the maximum outer diameter exceeds 5 mm, the radio wave permeability of the first Low-E film may decrease, which is not preferable. In addition, it becomes difficult to ensure radio wave permeability for both the 5G sub-6 band (about 3.6 to about 6 GHz) and the millimeter wave (28 GHz band). On the other hand, if the maximum outer diameter is smaller than 100 μm, it is not preferable because a low emissivity sufficient to exhibit the heat insulating properties of the first Low-E film may not be obtained. The maximum outer diameter refers to the distance between the two points on the periphery of the island 412 that are farthest apart.

[0057] The width of gap 411 is, for example, preferably 1 to 100 μm, more preferably 5 to 50 μm, even more preferably 8 to 30 μm, and particularly preferably 10 to 20 μm. If the width of gap 411 exceeds 100 μm, the heat shielding and heat insulating properties of first film region 41 may decrease, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the width of gap 411 is 1 μm or more, it becomes easier to form a discontinuous state of the shielding layer in first film region 41, which is preferable.

[0058] The method of forming the gap 411 is not particularly limited, but for example, after forming a continuous Low-E film such as the second film region 42, a part of the Low-E film can be removed by a laser to form the gap 411. Alternatively, the gap 411 can be formed by partially etching using a mask.

[0059] The gap 411 may be a region where the first glass plate 1 is exposed between the islands 412, or may be a region where at least the shielding layer has been removed in the first Low-E film. The region where the shielding layer has been removed is, for example, a region where only the above-mentioned base layer is laminated on the first glass plate 1, and the base layer is exposed to the outside between the islands 412. By forming the gap in this way using the base layer, the difference in appearance between the gap 411 and the islands 412 becomes difficult to visually recognize.

[0060] In particular, in order to make it difficult to visually distinguish the difference in appearance between the gaps 411 and the islands 412, the surface roughness Rmax of the exposed base layer or first glass plate 1 is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 30 nm or less, and particularly preferably 10 nm or less. Note that the surface roughness Rmax can be defined as the distance from the highest peak to the lowest valley in a portion extracted over a reference length from the cross-sectional curve of the surface of the base layer or first glass plate 1.

[0061] The size of the first film region 41 is not particularly limited, but is preferably larger than a rectangle with one side measuring 33 mm, and more preferably larger than a rectangle with one side measuring 100 mm. If the first film region 41 is smaller than this size, particularly in the case of 5G radio waves, the straightness of the radio waves cannot be guaranteed, and the radio waves may become weaker as they spread out as they travel.

[0062] <5.Void layer> The gap layer 3 is formed between the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 by disposing a spacer 5 between the two glass plates 1 and 2. A known spacer 5 can be used as the spacer 5, and it can be disposed on the periphery of both glass plates 1 and 2. In addition, as a preferred spacer, for example, a spacer that holds a desiccant in the space inside the spacer can be used. This makes it possible to maintain the dry state of the gas in the gap layer 3 for a long period of time. In addition, a sealant (not shown) can be disposed further outside the spacer 5 to make the gap layer 3 airtight. The gap layer 3 can be, for example, 4 to 16 mm, and more preferably 6 to 16 mm. The gap layer 3 can be filled with an inert gas such as argon or krypton, in addition to dry air.

[0063] <6. Antenna> The antenna can be arranged, for example, on the surface facing the indoor side, that is, the second surface 22 of the second glass plate 2. In this case, the position of the antenna area where the antenna is arranged is not particularly limited, but it can be arranged, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, especially for 5G radio waves. In the example of FIG. 4, when both glass plates 1 and 2 are viewed from a direction perpendicular to them, an antenna area 7 can be set in an area 6 (hereinafter referred to as a corresponding area) corresponding to the first film area 41 on the second surface 22 of the second glass plate 2. The antenna area 7 may be the same size as the corresponding area 6. It may be smaller than the corresponding area 6. For example, since 5G radio waves have high linearity, the sensitivity of transmission and reception of 5G radio waves can be particularly increased by arranging an antenna in the area 6 corresponding to the first film area 41 as described above.

[0064] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6A, at least a part of the antenna region 7 can be formed to enter the corresponding region 6. In the example of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6A, the lower end of the antenna region 7 is inward from the lower end of the corresponding region 6 by a distance L. This is based on the assumption that the radio waves are incident obliquely on the glass body, taking into account the linearity of the 5G radio waves. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when radio waves with high linearity are incident, the strength of the radio waves reaching the region over the distance L from the end of the corresponding region 6 becomes weak. This distance L is, for example, preferably 10 mm or more, more preferably 20 mm or more, and particularly preferably 50 mm or more. In addition, the length S of the end portion that enters by this distance L (see FIG. 6A) can be, for example, 10 mm or more.

[0065] A part of the antenna region 7 may protrude from the corresponding region 6, for example, as shown in Fig. 6B. Also, as shown in Fig. 6C, an end of the antenna region 7 that is separated from the corresponding region 6 by a distance L may be a side of the antenna region 7.

[0066] <7.Features> The above-described insulating glass panel has the following advantages. (1) Since the air gap layer 3 and the first and second film regions 41, 42 each having a Low-E film are provided, high heat insulating performance can be achieved.

[0067] (2) The second film region 42 is a low-emissivity film that has a high infrared reflectance, but has a low transmittance of radio waves at frequencies of, for example, 3.7 GHz or higher. Therefore, for example, in a building or the like in which a multi-layer glass panel having only a continuous Low-E film such as the second film region 42 is provided, it is difficult to perform 5G communication. In contrast, when the first film region 41 is provided as in this embodiment, the above-mentioned radio waves can be transmitted through the gap 411, making it possible to transmit and receive radio waves to and from an antenna on the indoor (car) side. Therefore, for example, when an antenna is provided at a position corresponding to the first film region 41 on the indoor (car) side surface of the multi-layer glass panel, the performance of transmitting and receiving radio waves can be improved.

[0068] (3) Since the narrow gap 411 described above is formed at the boundary between the first film region 41 and the second film region 42, the boundary between the two regions 41, 42 can be made difficult to visually recognize.

[0069] <8. Variations> Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0070] In the multi-layer glass panel of the above embodiment, the first and second film regions 41, 42 are formed on the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1, but it is sufficient that they are formed on at least one of the first surface 11, second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1, and the first surface 21, second surface 22 of the second glass plate 2.

[0071] The shape, size, and position of the first film region 41 are not particularly limited, and for example, the first film region 41 may be formed on the entire surface of the glass plate 1. That is, it is possible to form only the first film region 41 without forming the second film region 42. In addition, the first and second film regions 41, 42 do not have to be formed on the entire surface of the glass plate, and may be formed only on a part of the surface.

[0072] Furthermore, when forming the Low-E films 41, 42 on the two surfaces of the glass plate 1, it is desirable to form the Low-E films 41, 42 on opposite sides of the glass plate 1. This facilitates radio wave transmission into the room and improves radio wave transmittance.

[0073] At least one of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 can be made of a known laminated glass.

[0074] In the above embodiment, an example was shown in which the glass body according to the present invention was applied to a multi-layer glass panel, but the glass body of the present invention can also be formed by only the first glass plate 1 and the first and second film regions 41, 42. Note that even in this case, only the first film region 41 can be formed.

[0075] The configuration of the first film region 41 is not particularly limited, and it is sufficient that the first film region 41 has a low-E film, thereby being a low radiation film, and also has radio wave transparency. EXAMPLES

[0076] Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0077] A. Examination of the first membrane region <1. Preparation for Examples 1 and 2> As described below, glass bodies according to Examples 1 and 2 having a glass plate and a first film region formed on one surface of the glass plate were formed. (1) Glass plate: 6 mm thick soda lime glass (2) First film region: SnO2, ZnO, Ag, ZnAl, ZnO, Ag, ZnAl, ZnO, SnO2 were laminated in that order on a glass plate to form a Low-E film 500 mm long and 500 mm wide. The thickness of the Ag on the inside (glass plate side) was 13 nm, and the thickness of the Ag on the outside was 14 nm. After that, a laser was used to remove part of this Low-E film, forming, for example, lattice-shaped gaps as shown in Figure 3. In this way, the first film region was formed.

[0078] The laser used was a YAG laser with a repetition rate of 30 kHz, a wavelength of 1064 nm, an output of 15 W, and an operation speed of 500 mm / sec. Examples 1 and 2 differ in the gap width and pitch. That is, in Example 1, the gap width was 80 μm and the gap pitch was 1.0 mm. That is, multiple islands with a side length of 1.0 mm were formed. On the other hand, in Example 2, the gap width was 30 μm and the gap pitch was 0.3 mm. That is, multiple islands with a side length of 0.3 mm were formed.

[0079] <2. Preparation of Examples 3 to 5> As described below, glass bodies according to Examples 3 to 5 each having a glass plate and a first film region formed on one surface of the glass plate were formed. (1) Glass plate: 6 mm thick soda lime glass (2) First film region: SnO2, ZnO, Ag, ZnAl, ZnO, and SnO2 were laminated in this order on a glass plate to form a Low-E film. The Ag thickness was set to 10 nm. After that, a part of this Low-E film was removed by a laser to form, for example, a lattice-like gap as shown in Figure 3. In this way, the first film region was formed.

[0080] The laser processing conditions for Examples 3 to 5 were a YAG:Nd laser with a repetition rate of 100 kHz, a wavelength of 355 nm, and an operation speed of 300 mm / sec. In Examples 3 to 5, the gap width was set to 10 μm, and the gap pitch was changed. That is, in Example 3, the gap width was set to 10 μm, and multiple islands with a side length of 0.9 mm were formed. In Example 4, the gap width was set to 10 μm, and multiple islands with a side length of 0.5 mm were formed. In Example 5, the gap width was set to 10 μm, and multiple islands with a side length of 0.2 mm were formed.

[0081] <3. Preparation of Comparative Examples 1 to 3> The glass plate used in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is the same as that in Examples 1 and 2. In Comparative Example 1, a second film region having a Low-E film with the same dimensions and material as those in Examples 1 and 2 was formed on the glass plate. That is, a second Low-E film that is a continuous film without gaps was formed. In Comparative Example 2, a second film region having a Low-E film with the same dimensions and material as those in Examples 3 to 5 was formed on the glass plate. That is, a second Low-E film that is a continuous film without gaps was formed. In Comparative Example 3, a glass body having only a glass plate was used.

[0082] <4. Evaluation test> The following evaluation tests were carried out on the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example. (1)Visible light transmittance The transmission spectrum was measured using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi U4100), and the visible light transmittance was calculated according to JIS-R3106. (2) Emissivity The optical properties of the first Low-E film in Examples 1 and 2 were measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Frontier Gold manufactured by Perkin Elmer) according to JIS-R 3106. The optical properties of the first Low-E film in Examples 1 and 2 were average values ​​in the incident light irradiation range including the islands and gaps. (3) Heat transmission coefficient From the measured optical and thermal properties, the thermal transmittance of the insulating glass panel in Fig. 1 was calculated. That is, the first glass plate and the Low-E film of the insulating glass panel in Fig. 1 were replaced with the glass bodies of Examples 1 and 2 and the Comparative Example. In this case, the thicknesses of the first glass plate and the second glass plate were 6 mm, the thickness of the air gap layer was 12 mm, and the first glass plate was on the outdoor side. In addition, the calculation was performed under the condition that the Low-E film was formed on the air gap layer side of the first glass plate, and the air gap layer was air. (4) Radio wave transmission characteristics The radio wave transmission characteristics of the glass bodies of Examples 1 and 2 and the Comparative Example were measured, and the propagation loss (dB) was evaluated under the following conditions in comparison with a glass plate without a Low-E coating, with the propagation loss of the glass plate without a Low-E coating being set at 0 dB. Frequency band: 3.7GHz The angle of the glass plate was set at 90 degrees perpendicular to the ground. Distance between glass and transmitting antenna: 50mm Distance between glass and receiving antenna: 50mm -Removes reflected waves other than direct waves for transmission and reception.

[0083] The results are as follows: [Table 1]

[0084] As shown in Table 1 above, it was found that Comparative Examples 1 and 2 had high radio wave propagation loss and were difficult to transmit and receive radio waves because a gap-free second film region was formed in the comparative examples 1 and 2. On the other hand, it was found that Examples 1 to 5 had low radio wave propagation loss and were relatively easy to transmit and receive radio waves from mobile phones and the like (for example, 5G frequency band).

[0085] Furthermore, when comparing Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, or Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Example 2, there was almost no difference in visible light transmittance, and, for example, the panels were good as window glass. Although Examples 1 and 2 had a higher emissivity than Comparative Example 1, the difference in heat transmission coefficient was small. Furthermore, Examples 3 to 5 also had a higher emissivity than Comparative Example 2, but the difference in heat transmission coefficient was small, and the heat transmission coefficient was lower than Comparative Example 3, which did not have a LowE film. Therefore, it was found that sufficient heat insulation performance could be obtained even if a double-glazed panel in which the first film region was formed over the entire surface, as in Examples 1 to 5, was used.

[0086] B. Gap Consideration <1. Preparation for Examples 6 to 8> The glass bodies of Examples 6 to 8 were prepared as follows. First, a soda lime glass with a thickness of 6 mm was prepared as a glass plate. Next, SnO2, ZnO, Ag, ZnAl, ZnO, and SnO2 were laminated in this order on the glass plate as a first film region to form a Low-E film with a thickness of about 80 nm, a length of 150 mm, and a width of 300 mm. The SnO2 and ZnO laminated on the glass plate correspond to the underlayer. Then, a part of this Low-E film was removed by a laser to form a gap. The laser used was a YAG laser with a repetition rate of 100 kHz, a wavelength of 355 nm, and an operation speed of 300 mm / sec.

[0087] In Example 6, the gap width was 10 μm, and in Examples 7 and 8, the gap width was 18 μm. However, in Examples 6 and 7, each layer of the Low-E film was removed by laser so as to leave the underlayer (about 45 to 55 nm was removed from the surface of the Low-E film). In other words, the underlayer was exposed to the outside. On the other hand, in Example 8, the Low-E film was entirely removed, and part of the glass plate was also removed.

[0088] <2. Evaluation> The gaps of Examples 6 to 8 were photographed using the photographing device shown in FIG. 7. In the device of FIG. 7, the glass body was placed on a box with an opening formed at the top and a hollow interior, with the first film region facing downward. Then, a photographing box was placed on the upper surface of the glass body. A camera was placed in the photographing box 30 cm above the glass body, and light was further irradiated from two points diagonally above the glass body using a lamp (Hitachi, Ltd. 27W fluorescent lamp Paralight Flat FML27EX-N (daylight white)). The photographing conditions were F value 3.5, shutter speed 1 / 10 seconds, and ISO sensitivity 100. The results are shown in FIG. 8.

[0089] In the photograph shown in Figure 8, the white lines extending horizontally are the gaps, and the black is the Low-E film. In Examples 6 and 7, where the base layer remains as the gap, the gaps are less noticeable, and especially when the gap width is small, they are even less noticeable. On the other hand, it was found that the gaps in Example 8, where part of the glass plate was removed, were somewhat noticeable.

[0090] Furthermore, the gaps in Examples 6 and 8 were observed by an atomic force microscope (AFM). FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view of the gap in Example 6 in the width direction, FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the gap in Example 6 in the length direction, FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of the gap in Example 8 in the width direction, and FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the gap in Example 8 in the length direction. As shown in FIG. 9A, the bottom surface of the gap in Example 6 is formed to be almost flat. Furthermore, when the height difference of the unevenness of the base layer in the length direction of the gap shown in FIG. 9B was measured, it was 19 to 27 nm. If the gap has such a profile, it is not noticeable as described above, so it was found that, for example, from the height difference of the unevenness of the base layer, the surface roughness Rmax is preferably 50 nm or less. In this example, since the bottom surface of the gap is almost flat, it is considered that the amount of scattering of incident light is reduced and the gap is not noticeable.

[0091] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10A, in Example 8, a part of the glass is removed, and FIG. 10B is a cross section along the surface of the removed glass in the gap. The height difference of the unevenness of the base layer in the length direction of the gap shown in FIG. 10 was measured and found to be 126 to 153 nm. It was found that if the gap has such a profile, it will be noticeable as described above. In this example, the bottom surface of the gap is formed by grinding the glass plate so that it is convex downward, and it is considered that the amount of light scattering is increased by the convex part of this bottom surface, making the gap easily noticeable.

[0092] C. Consideration of the location of the antenna area A simulation was performed using a shielding plate having an opening of 100 mm x 100 mm through which radio waves can pass. This opening is assumed to be the first film region. As described above, the first film region has a first Low-E film partitioned by gaps, but according to the present inventor, the entire first film region can be evaluated as a region through which radio waves can pass, regardless of the number of gaps, etc., so here, a simulation was performed assuming that the opening through which radio waves can pass is the first film region. This point is the same in Study D, which will be described later. A simulation was performed in which radio waves of 30 GHz and 10 GHz were irradiated to this shielding plate. In addition, the irradiation angles of the radio waves to the shielding plate were set to 90°, 60°, and 30°. This simulation was performed using an electromagnetic field simulator, Micro-Stripes2. FIG. 11A is a diagram showing the distribution of radio waves irradiated at 90° with 30 GHz radio waves, and FIG. 11B is a diagram showing the distribution of radio waves irradiated at 90° with 10 GHz radio waves. Fig. 12A is a diagram showing the distribution of radio waves when irradiated with 30 GHz radio waves at 60°, and Fig. 12B is a diagram showing the distribution of radio waves when irradiated with 10 GHz radio waves at 60°. Fig. 13A is a diagram showing the distribution of radio waves when irradiated with 30 GHz radio waves at 30°, and Fig. 13B is a diagram showing the distribution of radio waves when irradiated with 10 GHz radio waves at 30°. In these diagrams, the radio waves are irradiated in the direction of the arrow. Also, the areas surrounded by dotted lines show the distribution of strong or weak radio waves.

[0093] 11 to 13, it can be seen that the radio waves travel straight in the direction of the arrow after passing through the opening. In particular, it can be seen that the high-frequency 30 GHz radio waves have a higher tendency to travel in a straighter direction than the low-frequency 10 GHz radio waves. It can be seen that the low-frequency 10 GHz radio waves spread out somewhat after passing through the opening.

[0094] Furthermore, since 30 GHz radio waves have a high tendency to travel in a straight line, when the radio waves are irradiated obliquely as shown in, for example, FIGS. 12A and 13A, the radio waves do not reach very well in a triangular region M after passing through the opening.

[0095] From the above, it was found that, particularly for 5G radio waves, it is preferable to provide the antenna region at a position corresponding to the first film region as shown in Figures 4 to 6. Furthermore, when radio waves are incident obliquely, a region with weak radio wave strength such as the above-mentioned region M is generated, so it is preferable to provide the antenna region at a distance L from the corresponding region according to the direction of the radio waves, for example, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.

[0096] FIG. 12A shows that one side of region M is 24 mm, which is an example of a glass body with a total thickness of 24 mm (first glass plate: 9 mm, gap layer: 6 mm, second glass plate: 9 mm). In this case, it is shown that the radio wave intensity is weak in the region from the end of the corresponding region to 13.9 mm on the second surface of the second glass plate. On the other hand, FIG. 13A shows that one side of region M is 30 mm, which is an example of a glass body with a total thickness of 30 mm (first glass plate: 9 mm, gap layer: 12 mm, second glass plate: 9 mm). In this case, it is shown that the radio wave intensity is weak in the region from the end of the corresponding region to 52 mm on the second surface of the second glass plate.

[0097] In view of the above, from the results of FIGS. 12A and 13A, the distance L shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is preferably 10 mm or more, more preferably 20 mm or more, and particularly preferably 50 mm or more.

[0098] D. Consideration of the size of the antenna area A simulation was performed in the same manner as in Study C. At this time, the simulation was performed when the size of the opening was set to 100 mm×100 mm and 33 mm×33 mm. The results are shown in FIG. 14. FIG. 14A shows the result of a simulation using an opening of 100 mm×100 mm (frequency: 30 GHz), and FIG. 14B shows the result of a simulation using an opening of 33 mm×33 mm (frequency: 10 GHz). As shown in these figures, if the size of the opening is small, the radio waves spread after passing through the opening and cannot maintain their straightness. Therefore, it was found that the size of the first film region described above is preferably larger than a rectangle of 33 mm×33 mm. [Explanation of symbols]

[0099] 1 First Glass Pane 2. Second Glass Pane 3 void layer 41 1st membrane area 411 Gap 412 Island (1st Low-E membrane) 42 Second membrane area

Claims

1. a first glass sheet having a first surface and a second surface; a second glass sheet having a first side and a second side; a spacer disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate to form a gap layer between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; a first film region having a first Low-E film formed on at least a portion of at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the first glass plate; a second film region formed on the surface of the first glass plate on which the first film region is formed, the second film region having a second Low-E film and not having radio wave transmittance; Equipped with a second surface of the first glass plate and a first surface of the second glass plate are disposed to face each other via the air gap layer; the first film region has the first Low-E film consisting of a plurality of islands of discontinuous identical shapes separated by a plurality of gaps; The maximum dimension of the islands of the first Low-E film separated by the gap is 500 μm to 900 μm; The width of the gap is 8 to 30 μm, Has radio wave transparency at frequencies of 3.6 to 30 GHz; Glass body.

2. the first Low-E film has a base layer laminated on a first surface of the first glass plate and a shielding layer laminated on the base layer, The glass body according to claim 1 , wherein the base layer is laminated on the first surface of the first glass plate in the gap, and the base layer is exposed.

3. the first Low-E film has a base layer laminated on a first surface of the first glass plate and a shielding layer laminated on the base layer, The glass body of claim 1 , wherein a first surface of the first glass plate is exposed in the gap.

4. The glass body according to claim 1 , wherein the second film region is formed so as to surround the first film region.

5. 5. The insulating glass panel according to claim 1, wherein the second Low-E film is made of the same material as the first Low-E film and is continuous with no gaps.

6. The glass body of claim 1 , wherein the second surface of the second glass sheet includes an antenna area in which an antenna is disposed.

7. 7. The glass body according to claim 6, wherein the antenna region is formed to be the same size as a region corresponding to the first film region or smaller than the corresponding region when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first glass plate and the second glass plate.

8. 7. The glass body according to claim 6, wherein the antenna region is formed to be the same size as a region corresponding to the first film region when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first glass plate and the second glass plate, or at least one side of the antenna region extends inward from an edge of the corresponding region.

9. The glass body according to claim 8, wherein at least one side of the antenna region is 10 mm or more inward from an edge of the corresponding region by 10 mm or more.

10. The glass body according to claim 1 , wherein the first film region is formed larger than a rectangle having a side length of 33 mm.

11. The glass body according to claim 1 , wherein the first film region is formed on the second surface of the first glass plate.

12. The glass body according to claim 1 , wherein the first film region is formed on a first surface of the second glass plate.

13. The glass body according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first Low-E film contains a transparent conductive oxide.

14. The glass body according to claim 13, wherein the transparent conductive oxide has a film thickness of 50 to 1000 nm.

15. The glass body according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first Low-E film contains a shielding layer mainly composed of silver.

16. The glass body according to claim 15, wherein the thickness of the shielding layer is between 5 and 20 nm.

17. The glass body according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the first Low-E film is a laminate of two shielding layers mainly composed of silver.

Images