Decorative panel and decorative floor covering material comprising said panel

Abstract

In the field of decorative floor coverings, decorative panels are known which have a core layer based on MDF (medium density board) or HDF (high density board), on which a decorative substrate is attached to give the panel a desired appearance. The present invention relates to a panel, in particular a decorative panel, floor panel, ceiling panel or wall panel. The present invention also relates to a floor covering consisting of a plurality of interconnected panels.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a panel, in particular a decorative, floor, ceiling or wall panel, and also to a floor covering consisting of a plurality of interconnected panels. [Background technology]

[0002] In the field of decorative floor coverings, decorative panels are known that have a core layer based on MDF (medium density board) or HDF (high density board), on which a decorative substrate is attached to give the panel a desired appearance. The main drawback of these known panels is the moisture absorption of the core layer, which affects the service life and durability of such panels. For this reason, traditional MDF / HDF-based panels are increasingly being replaced by polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based panels, which also have a decorative substrate on top. These PVC-based panels have the advantage of being relatively waterproof compared to MDF / HDF-based panels. However, a disadvantage of these PVC-based panels is that they have very poor temperature resistance, which results in these panels being easily deformed (bending) when typically exposed to a heat source such as a heating radiator or even a lamp. There is a certain need to improve the properties of the core material of decorative panels. There is also a need for alternative core compositions when used in panels. There is also a need to improve the properties of the core of decorative panels. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] One object of the present invention is to meet at least one of the above-mentioned needs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The above object of the present invention is achieved by providing a panel, in particular a decorative panel, according to the above premise, comprising a core with an upper side and a lower side, a decorative top structure attached to the upper side of the core, a first panel edge comprising a first connecting contour and a second panel edge comprising a second connecting contour designed to interlockingly engage with the first connecting contour of an adjacent panel in both horizontal and vertical directions, the core preferably comprising a polymeric and / or mineral matrix and an alloy of elastic particles dispersed in said matrix, the elastic particles being bonded to the polymeric and / or mineral matrix by covalent bonds. The core material is therefore not a mechanically realized blend, but rather a chemically realized alloy of at least two compounds, in particular a polymeric and / or mineral matrix material and an elastic material, chemically bonded to each other. This chemical (covalent (atomic)) bond is typically realized during the production process of the core composition. In this way, a block copolymer is formed, which is thermally stable, durable, and also provides the core with the desired flexibility (elasticity) and impact resistance. Moreover, the resulting blend finds a balance between functionality, which is typically determined primarily by the elastic particles, and processability, which is typically determined primarily by the matrix material. The matrix material is often also called the hard phase of the core, and the dispersed elastic particles are often called the soft phase of the core.

[0005] A polymeric matrix is ​​a matrix that is at least partially composed of a polymeric material, which typically forms the major constituent, and a mineral is a matrix that is at least partially composed of a mineral material, which typically forms the major constituent.

[0006] Preferably, the polymer matrix is ​​at least partially composed of polymers based on renewable resources (also called "bio-based plastics") and / or biodegradable and / or recycled polymers. Examples of suitable - typically non-biodegradable - bio-based plastics are bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE), bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET), or polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). Examples of suitable - typically biodegradable - bio-based plastics are polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and starch. Preferably, the polymer matrix comprises and / or consists of at least one polyolefin and / or at least one thermoplastic material, such as, for example, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polystyrene (PS), polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and / or polybutylene. It may also be preferred that the polymer matrix comprises isotactic polypropylene. It is also conceivable that the matrix material comprises at least one copolymer, preferably an ethylene-propylene copolymer. These polymer materials are typically relatively easy to melt and process, for example by (reactive) extrusion, and therefore the elastic particles can be mixed with the polyolefin and / or thermoplastic material, for example in an extrusion device. Here, the polymer matrix preferably has a melt flow rate (MFR) of about 20 g / 10 min to about 200 g / 10 min, which typically facilitates processing of the matrix material.

[0007] The elastic particles have a greater elasticity than the matrix material. Typically, the elastic particles include at least one elastomer. An elastomer is a relatively flexible polymer. More specifically, an elastomer is typically a viscoelastic (i.e., both viscous and elastic) polymer, and generally has relatively weak intermolecular forces, a generally low Young's modulus, and a high strain at break compared to other materials. The elastomer may be a crosslinked polymer. In a crosslinked polymer, separate polymer chains are linked together (crosslinked), typically resulting in a single macromolecule. These chemical crosslinks may be covalent, regular crosslinks, which chemically bond the polymer chains together into one molecule. However, the chemical crosslinks may also be, and are preferably formed by, reversible crosslinks, which use non-covalent, i.e., secondary, interactions between the polymer chains to bind them together. These interactions include hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. The advantage of using non-covalent interactions to form crosslinks is that the crosslinks are broken when the material is heated. This allows the material to be processed and, most importantly, regenerated; when the molten material is recooled, the crosslinks are reformed. Examples of suitable polymers are polyisoprene, natural rubber, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and polyurethane. Preferably, the elastic particles include ethylene-propylene rubber and / or ethylene-octene rubber and / or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM). These materials have relatively good elasticity and processability.

[0008] Preferably, any isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) conventionally employed in the preparation of polypropylene impact blends having a melt flow rate (MFR) of about 0.001 g / 10 min to about 500 g / 10 min (230° C., 2160 g load, ASTM D 1238) can be used in the core composition of the panel of the present invention to form the polymer matrix. Preferably, the isotactic polypropylene will have an MFR of about 0.01 g / 10 min to about 200 g / 10 min, more preferably an MFR of about 20 g / 10 min to about 200 g / 10 min, and even more preferably an MFR of about 80 g / 10 min to about 200 g / 10 min. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the term "about" means that the indicated value does not require precision and that the indicated value may be 10% greater or less than the indicated value. Typically, solid isotactic polypropylene, i.e., polypropylene with a high temperature heptane insoluble content of more than 90%, is preferably employed in the impact polypropylene composition of the present invention. The specific density of the polypropylene is not critical. Preferred isotactic polypropylenes are typically crystalline and have a density ranging from about 0.90 g / cc to about 0.94 g / cc. Additionally, the core composite, also referred to as alloy, may include several polypropylenes with different melt flow rates to provide a polypropylene impact blend with desired mechanical properties. As used herein, the term "isotactic polypropylene" is intended to include homopolypropylenes and copolymers of propylene and ethylene containing up to 8 weight percent polymerized ethylene or other alpha-olefins.

[0009] Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) may be used to comprise at least a portion of the elastic particles. The EPR is suitable for mixing and covalently bonding with, for example, the polypropylene composition that comprises the polymer matrix material. The term "elastomer" and its derivatives are used interchangeably with the term "rubber" and its corresponding derivatives.

[0010] Examples of ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPR) particularly useful in the present invention include saturated ethylene-propylene binary copolymer rubbers (EPM) and ethylene-propylene non-conjugated diene terpolymer rubbers (EPDM) having the above-mentioned properties and containing about 1 weight percent to about 5 weight percent of a diene such as 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-methylene-2-norbornene, 1,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). As used in this patent specification and the appended claims, the term "ethylene-propylene rubber" (abbreviated as "EPR") is intended to include all of the above-mentioned rubber types, i.e., EPR, EPM, or EPDM, and mixtures thereof.

[0011] While any of the above EPRs may be advantageously employed in the present invention, EPRs with lower Tg (glass transition temperature) are preferred because they work better in simple binary mixtures of i-PP and EPR. For example, the Izod and Gardner impact properties of an ICP consisting of 80% by weight of i-PP and 20% by weight of EPR are significantly improved by lowering the Tg of the EPR. The Gardner impact measured at -29°C increases as the Tg of such a binary blend of i-PP and EPR decreases from about -37°C to about -50°C. At the same time, hardness as measured by heat distortion temperature (HDT) and flexural modulus remains essentially unchanged. Thus, the most preferred EPR of the present invention will have the lowest Tg achievable for a given EPR.

[0012] The Tg of a polymer can be conveniently measured by methods well known in the art, for example, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) techniques. As used herein, Tg will be understood to refer to values ​​for Tg obtained using the tan δ peak based DMTA method, which is well known in the art.

[0013] The Tg of an EPR can be easily controlled by varying its ethylene content. The lowest Tg, i.e., about -50°C, for commercially produced EPR occurs in the range of about 35 weight percent to about 70 weight percent ethylene. Above this range, the Tg increases due to the onset of polyethylene crystallinity. Similarly, the Tg increases even if the ethylene content is below this range due to the onset of polypropylene crystallinity. Those skilled in the art will understand that the relationship between Tg and ethylene content is easily measurable and is a continuous smooth curve function. Thus, there is no clearly defined point above or below which the Tg changes sharply as the ethylene content changes. The catalyst used to produce the EPR will also determine the ethylene content required to give the lowest Tg value. For example, if a vanadium or metallocene single-site catalyst is used, the EPR with the lowest Tg will have an ethylene content of about 45 weight percent to about 55 weight percent, and the Tg is about -50°C in this case. On the other hand, when using traditional Ziegler-Natta titanium-based catalysts, which are mostly multi-site, the EPR with the lowest Tg will have an ethylene content of about 65 weight percent to about 68 weight percent and a Tg of about -47°C.

[0014] Thus, in one preferred embodiment, the EPR of the present invention will have a polymerized ethylene content of from about 35 weight percent to about 70 weight percent, although the term "about" is used to indicate that variations above 70 weight percent or below 35 weight percent are acceptable, provided that the Tg of the EPR is within 5 degrees of the minimum obtainable with the catalyst employed.

[0015] High density polyethylene, traditionally known as "HDPE", is defined herein to include polyethylene having a density of 0.940 g / cc or more. The high density polyethylene usable as the high density polyethylene (hereinafter HDPE) matrix material in the present invention preferably includes those having a density of 0.940 g / cc or more, preferably 0.945 g / cc or more, more preferably 0.950 g / cc or more, and most preferably 0.955 g / cc or more. Such HDPE generally includes ethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene with alpha-olefins, preferably having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferred alpha-olefins are propylene, butene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, and octene-1. Processes for making such polymers are well known in the art and include, for example, gas phase polymerization processes, slurry polymerization processes, and solution polymerization processes. The melt index of the HDPE, as determined under condition E according to ASTM D 1238 method, is generally 0.10 g / 10 min to 300 g / 10 min, preferably 0.1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, more preferably 0.1 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the HDPE is not critical, but if the melt index of the HDPE is particularly low, it may be more desirable to use a broader MWD HDPE that is more shear-thinning and less viscous under extrusion conditions to facilitate melt mixing. An HDPE of this type that has been found to be suitable is Exxon HDZ-126, which has a melt index, as defined above, of about 0.35 g / 10 min, and a density of 0.957 g / cc.

[0016] As mentioned above, ethylene-propylene copolymers (hereinafter referred to as either "ethylene-propylene copolymers" or "EPCs") may be used as the matrix material in the panels of the present invention. The EPCs preferably contain about 10 to about 30 weight percent polymerized ethylene and about 90 to about 70 weight percent polymerized propylene. Preferably, the ethylene-propylene copolymers will have a polymerized ethylene content of about 14 to about 27 weight percent, more preferably about 14 to about 20 weight percent. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the ethylene-propylene copolymers is preferably in the range of about 50,000 to about 500,000, more preferably in the range of about 75,000 to about 300,000, and most preferably in the range of about 100,000 to about 200,000.

[0017] The ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPCs) of the present invention may be prepared using metallocene or conventional Ziegler-Natta type catalysts. In either case, the polymerization may be carried out in a gas phase polymerization process, a solution polymerization process, or a slurry polymerization process. For example, a satisfactory process for preparing the ethylene-propylene copolymers includes contacting ethylene and propylene monomers under polymerization conditions and in a ratio to give the desired polymerization composition with a metallocene catalyst that produces isotactic polypropylene having a stereoregularity of greater than about 80 percent. One example of a metallocene catalyst is activated dimethylsilanylbis(indenyl)hafnium dimethyl.

[0018] Alternatively, the EPC of the present invention may be prepared using conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts capable of producing similar isotactic polypropylene.

[0019] The core preferably comprises at least one mineralizer selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium chloride (CaCl2), aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2. As mentioned above, the panel according to the invention may comprise one or more fillers, such as cellulosic particles, in particular lignocellulosic particles, in particular fibres. Preferably, the cellulosic particles comprise wood, straw and / or hemp. Previous studies have shown that wood and hemp are chemically heterogeneous and their components can be divided into two groups: high molecular weight structural components - natural polymeric substances (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) which are the main cell wall components, and low molecular weight non-structural components (extractives and inorganic components). Both wood and wood fibres contain many chemical components, but it has been found that the main inhibitors of core hydration are sugars. The natural fibres, such as wood fibres or hemp fibres, are preferably subjected to some chemical treatment before mixing the natural fibres with the (initially fluid) polymer. The compressive strength and other mechanical properties of the treated wood fiber composite are higher than those of the untreated fibers. Chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), sometimes called mineralizers, typically improve the compatibility of the core with the plant-derived aggregate. A composite mineralizer such as Al2(SO4)3+Ca(OH)2 may be applied. When Al2(SO4)3 is used as a mineralizer, it prevents the release of sugars from the organic aggregate and reduces the hygroscopicity and water absorption. Al2(SO4)3 in the hydrate form is characteristic of an acidic reaction in water, while calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] is characteristic of an alkaline reaction in water. The mineralization is achieved by increasing the efficiency of Al2(SO4)3, at least partially neutralizing the acidic environment caused by Al2(SO4)3, and improving the workability of the mixture. Mineralization of wood aggregates also leads to improved adhesion between the wood particles and the polymer, resulting in a more stable and coherent polymer.

[0020] As mentioned above, at least some of the cellulose particles are formed by fibers. It is also conceivable that at least some of the cellulose particles are formed by flour, (wood) shavings, wool, and / or (wood) chips. Instead of wood, other natural fibers such as hemp may be used. Hemp-rich polymers also show relatively good insulation, very good moisture properties, great acoustic capacity, and good fire resistance. Here, hemp shives are typically used as coarse aggregate (basic component). As with wood, the hemp shives are preferably mineralized with Al2(SO4)3, neutralized with Ca(OH)2, and mixed with the (initially fluid / liquid) polymer.

[0021] Preferably, the core and / or backing layer comprises at least one filler selected from the group consisting of minerals, preferably calcium carbonate, pigments, modifiers, fibres such as glass fibres, wood, straw and / or hemp. The fibres may be loose fibres and / or interconnected fibres resulting in a woven or non-woven layer.

[0022] The core preferably comprises at least one further filler selected from the group consisting of steel, glass, polypropylene, wood, acrylic, alumina, curawa, carbon, cellulose, coconut, Kevlar, nylon, perlon, polyethylene, PVA, rock wool, sisal, and ficu, which may further increase the strength and / or water resistance of the panel and / or the fire resistance of the panel itself.

[0023] Alternatively, the core comprises a mineral such as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and / or magnesium cement, which may function as a matrix material instead of or in addition to a polymeric matrix material.

[0024] Preferably, the core comprises sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). It was found that the addition of CMC to the core (during formation) facilitates and even accelerates the self-degradation of the polymer-based core, especially the polymer, in an alkaline aqueous environment and at elevated temperatures (above 200°C). This therefore leads to improved biodegradability of the panel. At this elevated temperature, CMC released two main volatile compounds, namely CO2 and acetic acid, and created a porous structure in the core. CMC also reacted with NaOH from sodium silicate when sodium silicate was applied to form three non-water-sensitive solid reaction products, namely disodium glycolate, sodium glucosidic salt, and sodium bicarbonate. Other water-sensitive solid reaction products, such as sodium polysilicate and sodium carbonate, resulted from the hydrolysis of sodium silicate.

[0025] Preferably, the core comprises silica fume. Silica fume, also known as microsilica, is an amorphous polymorph of silicon dioxide, i.e. silica. Silica fume is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of silicon-ferrosilicon alloy production, and typically consists of spherical particles with an average particle size of 150 nm. By incorporating silica fume into the core, especially the polymer, water resistance and fire retardancy can be significantly improved. As the silica fume can affect the compressive strength of the core, the amount of silica fume is preferably limited to an amount of 10% by weight or less.

[0026] The core may contain iron oxide (Fe2O3) in an amount preferably less than 6% by weight. The iron oxide gives the core its color. Moreover, at very high temperatures, the iron oxide reacts chemically with calcium and aluminum that may also be present in the core to form tricalcium aluminoferrite, which increases the hardness and strength of the core. Preferably, the amount of alumina (Al2O3) in the core is between 3% and 8% by weight. Preferably, the amount of calcium sulfate required for the above reaction will typically be up to and including 0.5% by weight.

[0027] The core preferably comprises a fatty acid, which is capable of penetrating the channels (pores) of the raw ore (if applicable) prior to grinding and will facilitate the (efficiency of) the grinding process to produce the mineral-based core powder.

[0028] The core may include at least one alkali metal sulfate, such as magnesium sulfate, which will generally speed up the production process of the core.

[0029] Typically, as mentioned above, the core comprises at least one polymer as matrix material, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and / or polyurethane (PUR), and / or thermoplastic polyolefins. The polymer used may be a virgin polymer, a recycled polymer, and / or a mixture of virgin and / or recycled polymer materials. Preferably, only one (single) polymer material is used to further increase recyclability. PS may be in the form of expanded PS (EPS) to further reduce the density of the panel, which leads to cost reduction and makes the panel easier to handle. Other polymers may also be used, especially thermoplastics. It is also conceivable to disperse rubber parts (particles) in the at least one core to improve flexibility at least to some extent. If the at least one polymer is applied, it may be applied in the core in the form of a sheet (closed layer), a mesh (woven fabric), a nonwoven fabric and / or as separate polymer particles (fibers, beads, spheres, etc.). If a polymer layer is applied, it is preferably surrounded on both sides by the composite material and is therefore preferably embedded within the core.

[0030] Preferably, the core comprises perlite, preferably expanded (expanded) perlite. Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass with a relatively high water content, typically formed by the hydration of obsidian. Perlite has the unusual property of expanding significantly when heated sufficiently, which can significantly reduce the density of the core and therefore the panel itself. The core further preferably comprises expanded perlite of different granulometry values. Closed-cell expanded perlite can lead to the achievement of porosities (of the perlite) of 30% to 40%. The perlite can be pretreated with a silicon solution, i.e. sodium silicate, potassium silicate, and lithium silicate.

[0031] The core may further include one or more additive materials to improve the rheology of the mixture, including surface active substances (SAS) such as methylcellulose, "Badimol" plasticizing materials and other cationically active SAS. The core may also include bentonite, a finely ground natural product adapted to increase the rheology and waterproofing properties of the panel itself.

[0032] The core may contain at least one flame retardant additive. This flame retardant additive is preferably formed by an organic halogen compound. Such compounds can scavenge reactive H and OH radicals during a fire. The organic halogen compound preferably contains bromine and / or chlorine. From the standpoint of flame retardancy against organic chlorine compounds such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), organic bromine compounds such as PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) are recommended. Other examples of applicable brominated compounds are tetrabromobisphenol A, decabromodiphenyl ether (deca), octabromodiphenyl ether, tetrabromodiphenyl ether, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tribromophenol, bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane, tetrabromobisphenol A polycarbonate oligomer (TBBA or TBBPA), tetrabromobisphenol A epoxy oligomer (TBBA or TBBPA), and tetrabromophthalic anhydride. Other examples of applicable chlorinated compounds are chlorinated paraffins, bis(hexachlorocyclopentadieno)cyclooctane, dodecachloridopentacyclodecane (Dechlorane) and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-1,4,7,10-dimethanodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene (Dechlorane Plus). Halogenated flame retardants are particularly effective, but generally have the disadvantage that they may produce toxic smoke in the event of a fire. It is therefore possible to envisage the application of one or more alternative, less toxic flame retardant additives, including intumescent (foaming) substances. The principle of action of these alternative additives is based on the formation of a foam layer that acts as an oxygen barrier and therefore also has a flame retardant effect. Such intumescent additives generally include melamine or a salt derived from melamine. One example is a mixture of polyphosphate (acid donor) in synergy with melamine (blowing agent) and a carbon donor such as dipentaerythritol, starch or pentaerythritol. In the event of a fire, gas products such as carbon dioxide and ammonia gas are formed.The formed foam layer is stabilized by cross-linking, as in the case of vulcanization. Other examples of applicable relatively environmentally friendly melamine-based additives are melamine cyanurate, melamine polyphosphate, and melamine phosphate.

[0033] To reduce weight and therefore costs, the core may advantageously be at least partially expanded. The expanded structure may contain open and / or closed pores. The elastic particles are typically dispersed in the matrix material present between the cells, and at least some of the elastic particles may form the walls of the cells.

[0034] The core(s) may be provided with one or more plasticizers, such as phthalates, DOTP, DINP, and / or DIDP, to impart additional flexibility to the core(s) (and to the panel itself), although the composites preferably do not contain any plasticizers to increase the stiffness of the core of the panel, which is also beneficial from an environmental point of view.

[0035] The at least one reinforcing layer is preferably a non-woven or woven layer, in particular a fabric, for example made of glass fibre. The at least one reinforcing layer may have a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. It is also conceivable that each tile comprises a number of the (generally thinner) base layers stacked on top of each other, with at least one reinforcing layer being located between two adjacent base layers. Preferably, the density of the reinforcing layer is preferably above 1,000 kg / m 3 and 2,000 kg / m 3 between 1,400 kg / m and 2,500 3 and 1,900 kg / m 3 More preferably between 1,400 kg / m 3 and 1,700 kg / m 3 At least one of the reinforcing layers may comprise natural fibers, such as jute. At least one of the reinforcing layers comprises synthetic fibers, in particular polymeric fibers, such as nylon fibers.

[0036] Preferably, the core comprises at least 50% by weight, preferably between 50% and 90% by weight, of polymer. Preferably, the core comprises between 1% and 15% by weight of cellulosic fibre. Preferably, the core comprises between 0% and 3% by weight of perlite. Preferably, the core comprises between 1% and 8% by weight of a reinforcing layer.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, at least one core has a viscosity of 1 kg / m 3 This relatively high density will generally lead to a stronger and stiffer panel. However, if at least one of the cores has a density of 1 kg / m 3 It is also conceivable that the refractory material may have a lower density than 10 ...

[0038] It is conceivable that the core is provided with a waterproof coating that substantially covers the at least one core. This may further improve the waterproofing of the panel itself. To this end, the waterproof coating may be a two-component liquid-applied waterproofing formulation for application as a liquid to the at least one core (at least one outer surface of the at least one core). Typically, the coating comprises separate components A and B, which can be transported in separate containers and combined to form a blend in which vulcanization is initiated to solidify the components into a film, with component A comprising an aqueous latex of natural or synthetic rubber and component B comprising an oil carrier dispersing a vulcanizing agent that serves to cure the rubber in component A and a moisture absorbent that serves to chemically bond with the water in component A. Component A preferably comprises a latex stabilizer that serves to increase the pot life of the latex by controlling the initial pH of the latex component. It has been found that the addition of potassium hydroxide (KOH) dissolved in a minimal amount in component A can increase the setting time, but excessive amounts can destabilize and cause the latex to gel prematurely. Thus, the preferred addition rate is up to 1.5 parts per hundred parts rubber. Other high pH additives such as ammonia or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) could also be used. Thus, an exemplary component A of the present invention may contain 0 phr to 2.5 phr. Component B contains, among other things, an oil 12 carrier fluid for the vulcanizing agent and moisture absorbent. In a preferred embodiment, the oil carrier fluid is a blend of hydrocarbon oils, such as a blend of both aromatic and paraffinic compositions. The aromatic oils, which selectively swell the rubber particles, are generally more viscous. Flowability can be controlled by the addition of lower viscosity paraffinic oils, which also serve to adjust the setting time of the composition. In other exemplary embodiments, synthetic liquid plasticizers such as phthalates, adipates, or other commonly used rubber plasticizers can be used.The carrier fluid 12 may partially comprise either oxidized bitumen or penetration grade bitumen. The level of aromatic oil is unlikely to be less than 50% of the oil carrier fluid, and the bitumen is not more than 30%. However, the presence of the bitumen is not essential to the invention. Also optional is the use of hard synthetic or natural resins. The oil 12 carrier fluid will comprise 20% to 60% of the total weight of the formulation (when components A and B are combined). Component B typically contains a vulcanizing agent or vulcanization package. Preferably, the vulcanization package includes elemental sulfur as a sulfur donor for the system, zinc oxide as a vulcanization activator, and a mixture of zinc isopropyl xanthate (ZIX) and zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate dibutylamine complex (ZDBCX) as accelerators. These may be used in the preferred ranges of 0.5 phr (parts of sulfur based on 100 parts of rubber) to 15.0 phr, 0.5 phr to 20.0 phr (ZnO), 0.1 phr to 5.0 phr (ZIX), and 0.1 phr to 5.0 phr (ZDBCX), respectively. Other known vulcanizing agents and / or vulcanizing packages are also believed to be suitable for use in the present invention. Component B may include a moisture absorbent or desiccant to chemically bond with the water of Component A. The preferred moisture absorbent is calcium oxide. Other moisture absorbents may include other metal oxides that react with water to form hydroxides, such as magnesium, barium, etc. Hydraulic cores may be used, such as Portland cores, or high alumina cores, calcium sulfate cores (plaster of Paris), magnesium oxide, or magnesium oxychloride cores. The moisture absorbent may include anhydrous salts, such as borax, that absorb a significant proportion (25% or more) of their weight in water. The weight of the moisture absorbent is selected to effectively dehydrate the latex, preferably in slight excess to ensure that the water is completely bound. However, it is also possible to use partial drying of the latex, i.e., to use less than the stoichiometric amount of moisture absorbent. The moisture absorbent may comprise 10% to 50% of the total formulation, depending on the moisture absorbent selected.Component B may include one or more rheology modifiers. Preferably, a combination of montmorillonite clay (activated with a chemical activator) and calcium carbonate coated with stearic acid is used to obtain the desired balance of rheological properties, although other options such as organically treated bentonite clay, fumed silica, polymeric fibers, ground rubber, finely ground fly ash, hollow glass microspheres, and hydrogenated castor oil may be employed. The amount of rheology modifier comprises 0.5% to 25.0% by weight of the total solids in the formulation (combined components A and B) depending on the materials selected.

[0039] It is also conceivable that there is a waterproof layer between the core and the top structure, which may further improve the waterproofing of the panel itself. The waterproof layer may have the same composition as the waterproof coating described above, but may be formed by a polymer layer, such as a PVC layer.

[0040] It is possible for a core to include multiple reinforcing layers, for example at least one first reinforcing layer located at the top of the core and at least one second reinforcing layer located at the bottom of the core.

[0041] It is conceivable that the core comprises a stack of cores directly and / or indirectly stacked on top of one another, the cores may have the same composition but may also have different compositions, making it possible to fine-tune the properties of each core and to match their main function (e.g., to attenuate sound, to provide strength, to provide flexibility, etc.).

[0042] The core preferably comprises at least one catalyst that promotes the formation of covalent bonds between the matrix, in particular the polymer matrix, and the dispersed elastic particles. The catalyst is also called a compatibilizer. Suitable catalysts are metallocene catalysts, preferably activated dimethylsilanylbis(indenyl)hafnium dimethyl, and / or MgCl2 / phthalate / TiCl4 catalysts.

[0043] The top structure is preferably glued to the core by a waterproof adhesive. This protects the core(s) from water splashed on the top structure and makes the panel itself waterproof. Furthermore, this prevents the top structure from easily peeling off from the core. Preferably, the top structure is glued to the core using an alkoxysilyl adhesive, preferably a methoxysilyl adhesive, more preferably a dimethoxysilyl adhesive and / or a trimethoxysilyl adhesive. More preferably, the methoxysilyl adhesive (polymer) is acrylic modified. Preferably, the methoxysilyl adhesive (polymer) comprises a polyether-based backbone with one or more methoxysilyl (terminal) groups. These silyl-modified polymers (SMPs) are polymers (large chain molecules) terminated with silyl groups. Typically, these adhesives have good adhesion to a variety of substrate materials and good temperature and UV resistance. It is conceivable to use this type of alkoxysilyl adhesive to glue the panel to a subfloor, wall or ceiling. It is conceivable to use this type of alkoxysilyl adhesive to glue a backing material to the back of the core and / or glue a further backing material to the rear side of the backing layer (if applied). This results in an integral underlayer that can act as a subfloor or equivalent in wall and ceiling applications. The backing material may be elastic, for example formed by a cushion layer. The backing material typically comprises a polymer, preferably an elastomer and / or PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and / or PUR (polyurethane) and / or PVB (polyvinyl butyral) and / or polyolefin, in particular PE or PP. However, wood, cork and other backing materials are also conceivable.

[0044] As plasticizer in this adhesive, preferably polypropylene glycol is used. Preferably, the adhesive also contains at least one of the following components: at least one silane (which acts as a moisture scavenger and / or adhesion promoter), a catalyst, e.g. DOT (dioctyltin), at least one antioxidant, at least one mineral filler, such as calcium carbonate, preferably ground calcium carbonate, which is less sensitive to moisture than precipitated calcium carbonate. Preferably, all the above mentioned components are present in the (waterproof) adhesive. This adhesive is typically a one-component adhesive (1K adhesive).

[0045] The top structure preferably comprises at least one decorative layer and at least one transparent wear layer covering the decorative layer. A lacquer layer or other protective layer may be applied on top of the wear layer. A finishing layer may be applied between the decorative layer and the wear layer. The decorative layer will be visible and will be used to give the panel an attractive appearance. For this purpose, the decorative layer may have a design pattern, which may be, for example, a wood grain design, a mineral grain design resembling marble, granite or other natural stone grain, or a color pattern, mixed or monochromatic, to name a few design examples. Customized appearances are also conceivable, which are often achieved by digital printing during the panel production process. The decorative top structure may be formed by a single layer. In an alternative embodiment, the decorative top structure is omitted, i.e. not applied, in the panel according to the invention. In this latter embodiment, the decorative panel, in particular a floor, ceiling or wall panel, comprises a core with an upper side and a lower side, a first panel edge including a first interlocking profile and a second panel edge including a second interlocking profile designed to interlockingly engage with the first interlocking profile of an adjacent panel in both the horizontal and vertical directions, the core comprising at least one core comprising at least one polymer, cellulosic particles dispersed in the polymer and at least one reinforcing layer embedded in the core. Preferably, the top structure comprises cork, more preferably at least one cork layer.

[0046] Preferably, the panel includes a backing layer attached to the rear side of the core. The at least one backing layer is preferably at least partially made of a flexible material, preferably an elastomer. The thickness of the backing layer typically varies from about 0.1 mm to about 2.5 mm. Non-limiting examples of materials from which the backing layer can be made include polyethylene, cork, polyurethane and ethylene vinyl acetate. The thickness of a polyethylene backing layer, for example, is typically 2 mm or less. The backing layer generally provides the panel itself with additional robustness, dimensional stability and / or impact resistance, increasing the durability of the panel. Furthermore, the (flexible) backing layer may increase the acoustic (sound-damping) properties of the panel. In a particular embodiment, the backing layer is provided with at least one plasticizer. It is conceivable that the rear side of the backing layer is provided with at least one fungus-based coating to prevent and / or hinder bacterial growth under the panel once installed.

[0047] Preferably, at least one reinforcing layer extends only on one of the first and second connecting profiles. This can be achieved by designing the first and second connecting profiles such that a vertically extending tongue and groove (inverted) connection is formed, typically by using an upper profile and a lower profile, a preferred example of which is shown below. The advantage of applying the reinforcing layer only on one connecting profile, typically the lower profile mentioned above, and therefore not on the complementary connecting profile, typically the upper profile mentioned above, is that the flexibility of one connecting profile (upper profile) is greater than the flexibility of the other connecting profile (lower profile). This means that the upper profile typically deforms more easily than the lower profile, which is particularly advantageous when deformation is required to achieve the connection between the connecting profiles.

[0048] Preferably, the first connecting profile is An upward tongue portion; at least one upwardly extending flank spaced apart from the upwardly extending tongue; an upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward flank, the upward groove adapted to receive at least a portion of a downward tongue of a second connecting profile of an adjacent panel; at least one first locking element, preferably on a distal side of the upward tongue facing away from the upward flank, and preferably the (complementary) second coupling profile has A first downward tongue portion; at least one first downward flank spaced from the downward tongue; a first downward groove formed between the downward tongue and the downward flank, the downward groove adapted to receive at least a portion of an upward tongue of a first connecting profile of an adjacent panel; at least one second locking element adapted for cooperation with a first locking element of an adjacent panel, preferably provided on said downward flank; Includes.

[0049] Preferably, the first locking element comprises a bulge and / or a recess and the second locking element comprises a bulge and / or a recess. The bulge is generally adapted to be at least partially received in the recess of the adjacent connecting panel for the purpose of achieving a locked connection, preferably a vertically locked connection. It is also conceivable that the first and second locking elements are not formed by a combination of bulges and recesses, but by other combinations of co-acting contoured surfaces and / or high friction contact surfaces. In this latter embodiment, the at least one of the first and second locking elements may be formed by an optionally separate contact surface (flat or otherwise shaped) made of a plastic material, configured to create friction with the other locking element of the other panel in the engaged (connected) state. Examples of plastics suitable for creating friction include:

[0050] Acetal (POM), which is stiff and strong with good creep resistance. Acetal has a low coefficient of friction, remains stable at high temperatures, and offers good resistance to hot water.

[0051] Nylon (PA), absorbs more water than the majority of polymers, and as it absorbs water, its impact strength and general energy absorption qualities actually improve. Nylon also has a low coefficient of friction, good electrical properties, and good chemical resistance.

[0052] Polyphthalamide (PPA). This high performance nylon has improved temperature resistance and lower moisture absorption. Polyphthalamide (PA) also has good chemical resistance.

[0053] Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-temperature thermoplastic that combines high strength with good chemical and fire resistance. PEEK is commonly used in the aerospace industry.

[0054] Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) offers a balance of properties including chemical and high temperature resistance, flame retardancy, flowability, dimensional stability, and good electrical properties.

[0055] Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), dimensionally stable and has high heat and chemical resistance along with good electrical properties.

[0056] Thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), which has good physical, chemical and abrasion properties and is inherently flame retardant.

[0057] Polycarbonate (PC) has good impact strength, high heat resistance, and good dimensional stability. PC also has good electrical properties and is stable in water and in mineral or organic acids.

[0058] Polyetherimide (PEI), which maintains strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures. Polyetherimide (PEI) also has good long-term heat resistance, dimensional stability, inherent flame retardancy, and resistance to hydrocarbons, alcohols, and halogenated solvents.

[0059] It can be envisaged that the first and second connecting contours are configured in such a way that in the connected state there is a pretension which presses the connected panels towards each other at their respective sides, preferably by applying overlapping contours of the first and second connecting contours, in particular the overlapping contours of the downward tongue and the upward groove and / or the overlapping contours of the upward tongue and the downward groove, the first and second connecting contours being configured in such a way that two of such panels can be connected to each other in the connected state by a tilting movement and / or a vertical movement, such that in the connected state at least a part of the downward tongue of the second connecting part is inserted into the upward groove of the first connecting part, the downward tongue is clamped by the first connecting part and / or the upward tongue is clamped by the second connecting part.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the panel includes at least one third connecting contour and at least one fourth connecting contour on a third panel edge and a fourth panel edge, respectively, the third connecting contour comprising: a lateral tongue extending in a direction substantially parallel to the upper side of the core; at least one second downward flank spaced from the lateral tongue; a second downward groove formed between the lateral tongue and the second downward flank, and the fourth connecting contour is a third groove configured to receive at least a portion of the lateral tongue of the third interlocking profile of an adjacent panel, the third groove being defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, the lower lip including an upwardly directed locking element; The third and fourth interlocking contours are configured such that two of the above-mentioned panels can be interlocked with each other by a rotational movement, and in the interlocked state, at least a portion of the lateral tongue of a first panel is inserted into the third groove of an adjacent second panel, and at least a portion of the upward locking element of the second panel is inserted into the second downward groove of the first panel.

[0061] The panel, typically the core, in particular at least one core, preferably comprises recycled material, which typically refers to the reuse of leftover material resulting from a previous (panel) production process.

[0062] Preferably, at least one groove, and preferably each groove, comprises at least one antimicrobial substance, which provides a robust barrier against bacteria, fungi and the like.

[0063] The core preferably has a thickness of at least 3 mm, preferably at least 4 mm, and more preferably at least 5 mm. The panel thickness is typically between 3 and 10 mm, preferably between 4 and 8 mm.

[0064] The present invention also relates to a decorative covering, particularly a decorative floor covering, decorative ceiling covering, or decorative wall covering, comprising a plurality of interconnected decorative panels according to the present invention. The covering may be installed in vertical corners, such as inside corners of intersecting walls, such as entryways, furniture inside corners, and outside corners. The floor covering may be used indoors or outdoors.

[0065] Preferred, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are presented in the following set of paragraphs.

[0066] 1. Decorative panels, in particular floor, ceiling or wall panels, a core having an upper portion and a lower portion; a decorative crown structure attached to the upper side of the core; a first panel edge including a first interlocking contour and a second panel edge including a second interlocking contour designed to interlockingly engage the first interlocking contour of an adjacent panel in both horizontal and vertical directions; The core optionally comprises an alloy of a polymeric and / or mineral matrix and elastic particles dispersed in the matrix, preferably the elastic particles being bonded to the polymeric and / or mineral matrix by covalent bonds.

[0067] 2. The panel of claim 1, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a polyolefin.

[0068] 3. The panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a thermoplastic material.

[0069] 4. The panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer matrix comprises polyethylene (PE), and / or polypropylene (PP), and / or polybutylene.

[0070] 5. The panel of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer matrix comprises isotactic polypropylene.

[0071] 6. The panel of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastic particles comprise an elastomer.

[0072] 7. The panel of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastic particles comprise ethylene-propylene rubber.

[0073] 8. The panel of any preceding claim, wherein the elastic particles comprise ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM).

[0074] 9. The panel of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises isotactic polypropylene, ethylene-propylene rubber, and high density polyethylene.

[0075] 10. The panel of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises an ethylene-propylene copolymer.

[0076] 11. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer matrix has a melt flow rate (MFR) of about 20 g / 10 min to about 200 g / 10 min.

[0077] 12. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core is free of phthalates and preferably free of any plasticizers.

[0078] 13. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer matrix used in the core is a recycled material.

[0079] 14. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer and / or at least one plasticizer used in the core is a bio-based material.

[0080] 15. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer of the core is formed by PVC (polyvinyl chloride).

[0081] 16. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer of the core is formed by PUR (polyurethane).

[0082] 17. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer of the core is formed by PVB (polyvinyl butyral).

[0083] 18. The panel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer of the core is formed by polystyrene, preferably expanded polystyrene.

[0084] 19. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of DOTP, DINP, DIDP.

[0085] 20. The panel of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core includes at least one catalyst that promotes the formation of covalent bonds between the polymer matrix and the dispersed elastomeric particles.

[0086] 21. The panel of paragraph 20, wherein the catalyst is a metallocene catalyst, preferably activated dimethylsilanylbis(indenyl)hafnium dimethyl.

[0087] 22. The panel of paragraphs 20 or 21, wherein the catalyst is a MgCl2 / phthalate / TiCl4 catalyst.

[0088] 23. The panel of any preceding claim, wherein the polymer matrix and the elastomeric particles dispersed therein form a block copolymer.

[0089] 24. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the panel comprises a backing layer provided directly or indirectly on the back surface of the core, the backing layer comprising at least one polymer and, optionally, at least one plasticizer.

[0090] 25. The panel of claim 24, wherein at least one polymer used in the backing layer is a recycled material.

[0091] 26. The panel of claim 24 or 25, wherein at least one polymer used in the backing layer is a bio-based material.

[0092] 27. The panel according to one of paragraphs 24 to 26, wherein at least one polymer of the backing layer is formed by PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or PUR (polyurethane).

[0093] 28. The panel according to one of paragraphs 24 to 27, wherein the backing layer is at least partially made from a natural material such as cork.

[0094] 29. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer of the backing layer is formed by PVB (polyvinyl butyral).

[0095] 30. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer of the backing layer is formed by a polyolefin, in particular PE or PP.

[0096] 31. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the core and / or the backing layer comprises at least one filler selected from the group consisting of minerals, preferably calcium carbonate, more preferably ground calcium carbonate, pigments, modifiers, and fibers.

[0097] 32. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the core and / or the backing layer comprises cellulosic particles, preferably comprising lignocellulose, such as wood or hemp.

[0098] 33. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises at least one further filler selected from the group consisting of steel, glass, polypropylene, wood, acrylic, alumina, curawa, carbon, cellulose, coconut, Kevlar, nylon, Perlon, polyethylene, PVA, rock wool, sisal, and ficu.

[0099] 34. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one polymer of the core is foamed.

[0100] 35. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises perlite, preferably expanded perlite.

[0101] 36. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises at least one flame retardant additive.

[0102] 37. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the panel comprises at least one reinforcing layer, preferably a nonwoven or woven layer, in particular a fabric.

[0103] 38. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing layer comprises glass fibre.

[0104] 39. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing layer comprises natural fibres, such as jute.

[0105] 40. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing layer comprises synthetic fibres, in particular polymer fibres.

[0106] 41. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one reinforcing layer is embedded in the core.

[0107] 42. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises between 1% and 15% by weight of cellulosic fibers.

[0108] 43. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises between 1% and 8% by weight of a reinforcing layer.

[0109] 44. At least one core is 1 kg / m 3 13. The panel according to claim 1, having a density greater than

[0110] 45. At least one core is 1 kg / m 3 13. The panel according to claim 1, having a density lower than

[0111] 46. ​​The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core is provided with a waterproof coating substantially covering the at least one core.

[0112] 47. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the top surface of the core is coated with a barrier layer that is substantially impermeable to at least one plasticizer used in the core.

[0113] 48. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, in which a waterproof layer, in particular a waterproof adhesive, is located between the core and the top structure.

[0114] 49. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the top structure is adhered to the core by a waterproof adhesive, preferably a methoxysilyl-based adhesive.

[0115] 50. A panel according to one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the panel comprises a plurality of reinforcing layers, preferably at least one first reinforcing layer located at the top of the core and at least one second reinforcing layer located at the bottom of the core.

[0116] 51. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises a laminate of cores, the cores being stacked directly and / or indirectly on one another.

[0117] 52. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises a laminate of cores, and the compositions of at least two of the cores are different from each other.

[0118] 53. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the top structure comprises at least one decorative layer and at least one transparent wear layer covering the decorative layer.

[0119] 54. The panel of claim 53, wherein the wear layer has a melting temperature greater than 100 degrees Celsius, and the wear layer is preferably made from polyurethane.

[0120] 55. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the top structure comprises cork, preferably a cork layer.

[0121] 56. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one reinforcing layer extends only over one of the first and second connecting contours.

[0122] 57. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the panel is between 2 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm.

[0123] 58. The first connecting shape is An upward tongue portion; at least one upwardly extending flank spaced apart from the upwardly extending tongue; an upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward flank, the upward groove adapted to receive at least a portion of a downward tongue of a second connecting profile of an adjacent panel; at least one first locking element, preferably on a distal side of the upward tongue facing away from the upward flank, and the second coupling profile comprises: A first downward tongue portion; at least one first downward flank spaced from the downward tongue; a first downward groove formed between the downward tongue and the downward flank, the downward groove adapted to receive at least a portion of an upward tongue of a first connecting profile of an adjacent panel; 13. The panel according to claim 1, comprising at least one second locking element adapted to cooperate with a first locking element of an adjacent panel, preferably provided on the downward flank.

[0124] 59. The panel includes at least one third connecting contour and at least one fourth connecting contour located on a third panel edge and a fourth panel edge, respectively, and the third connecting contour is a lateral tongue extending in a direction substantially parallel to the upper side of the core; at least one second downward flank spaced from the lateral tongue; a second downward groove formed between the lateral tongue and the second downward flank, and the fourth connecting contour is a third groove configured to receive at least a portion of the lateral tongue of the third interlocking profile of an adjacent panel, the third groove being defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, the lower lip including an upwardly directed locking element; 13. The panel of any of the preceding claims, wherein the third interlocking contour and the fourth interlocking contour are configured such that the two panels can be interlocked with each other by a rotating movement, and in a combined state, at least a portion of the lateral tongue of a first panel is inserted into the third groove of an adjacent second panel, and at least a portion of the upward locking element of the second panel is inserted into the second downward groove of the first panel.

[0125] 60. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the panel is rigid, flexible or semi-flexible.

[0126] 61. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises a mixture of three terephthalate ester-based materials and an epoxidized oil, the weight ratio of the terephthalate ester-based materials to the epoxidized oil being preferably from 99:1 to 1:99.

[0127] 62. The panel according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein the core comprises an oil, preferably an epoxidized oil, more preferably at least one epoxidized oil selected from the group consisting of epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized castor oil, epoxidized linseed oil, epoxidized palm oil, epoxidized stearic acid, epoxidized oleic acid, epoxidized tall oil, epoxidized linoleic acid, or mixtures thereof.

[0128] 63. The panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises at least one mineral filler, preferably calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and / or magnesium-based cement.

[0129] 64. A decorative covering, in particular a decorative floor covering, decorative ceiling covering or decorative wall covering, comprising a plurality of interconnected decorative panels according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 63.

[0130] Ordinal numbers used herein, such as "first," "second," and "third," are used for identification purposes only. Thus, the use of the expressions "third locking element" and "second locking element," therefore, does not necessarily require that a "first locking element" be present together.

[0131] The decorative panels according to the invention may be called decorative tiles. "Complementary" interlocking profiles mean that they can cooperate with each other. However, for this purpose, the complementary interlocking profiles do not necessarily have to have complementary shapes. "Vertical" locking means locking in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the panels. "Horizontal" locking means locking in a direction perpendicular to the respective interlocking edges of the two panels and parallel or coinciding with the plane defined by the panels.

[0132] The invention will now be explained on the basis of non-limiting exemplary embodiments shown in the following drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0133] [Figure 1a] FIG. 1a shows a schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel for use in a multi-purpose panel system according to the present invention. [Figure 1b] FIG. 1b shows a schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system including a plurality of multi-purpose panels as shown in FIG. 1a. [Figure 2a] FIG. 2a shows a schematic diagram of two different types of multi-purpose panels for use in another embodiment of a multi-purpose panel system according to the present invention. [Figure 2b] FIG. 2b shows a schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system including a plurality of multi-purpose panels as shown in FIG. 2a. [Figure 3a] FIG. 3a shows a schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel for use in yet another embodiment of a multi-purpose panel system according to the present invention. [Figure 3b] FIG. 3b shows a schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system including a plurality of multi-purpose panels as shown in FIG. 3a. [Figure 4a] FIG. 4a shows a cross section along line A-A of a multi-purpose panel as shown in FIG. 1a, FIG. 2a or FIG. 3a. [Figure 4b] FIG. 4b shows a cross section along line B-B of a multi-purpose panel as shown in FIG. 1a, FIG. 2a or FIG. 3a. [Figure 5a] Figures 5a to 5c show cross sections of two multi-purpose panels as shown in Figures 1a, 2a or 3a in a first connected state, a second connected state and a third connected state respectively. [Figure 5b] Figures 5a to 5c show cross sections of two multi-purpose panels as shown in Figures 1a, 2a or 3a in a first connected state, a second connected state and a third connected state respectively. [Figure 5c] Figures 5a to 5c show cross sections of two multi-purpose panels as shown in Figures 1a, 2a or 3a in a first connected state, a second connected state and a third connected state respectively. [Figure 6a] Figures 6a to 6c show cross-sections of two multi-purpose panels with alternative interlocking configurations in a first interlocking state, a second interlocking state and a third interlocking state, respectively. [Figure 6b] Figures 6a to 6c show cross-sections of two multi-purpose panels with alternative interlocking configurations in a first interlocking state, a second interlocking state and a third interlocking state, respectively. [Figure 6c] Figures 6a to 6c show cross-sections of two multi-purpose panels with alternative interlocking configurations in a first interlocking state, a second interlocking state and a third interlocking state, respectively. [Figure 7a] Figures 7a to 7c show cross-sections of two multi-purpose panels with further alternative connection configurations in a first connection state, a second connection state and a third connection state, respectively. [Figure 7b] Figures 7a to 7c show cross-sections of two multi-purpose panels with further alternative connection configurations in a first connection state, a second connection state and a third connection state, respectively. [Figure 7c]Figures 7a to 7c show cross-sections of two multi-purpose panels with further alternative connection configurations in a first connection state, a second connection state and a third connection state, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0134] Figure 1a shows a schematic diagram of a multi-purpose decorative panel (100) for use in a multi-purpose panel system (110) according to the present invention. The figure shows a panel (100) comprising a first pair of opposing sides, consisting of a first side (101) and an opposing third side (103), and a second pair of opposing sides, consisting of a second side (102) and a (different) opposing third side (103). The first side, the second side and the third side (101, 102, 103) respectively comprise a first interlocking profile, a second interlocking profile and a third interlocking profile (104, 105, 106). The first interlocking profile (104) and the third interlocking profile (106) are configured such that two such panels (100) can be interlocked with each other at the first and third sides (101, 103) by a rotational movement. Furthermore, the second connecting contour (105) and the third connecting contour (106) are configured such that the two such panels (100) can be connected to each other at the second and third sides (102, 103) by a tilting and / or vertical movement. The proportional relationship between the width and length of the panel (100) may be chosen at will. Figure 1a shows only one of many possibilities, the panel having an upper side (107) with a rectangular contour (108). However, it is also possible that the width and the length of the panel (100) are the same, and the panel (100) has an upper side (107) with a square contour.

[0135] Figure 1b shows a schematic diagram of a multipurpose panel system (110) including a plurality of multipurpose panels (100) as shown in Figure 1a. Each of the panels (100) is uniform and has a first pair of opposing sides consisting of a first side (101) and an opposing third side (103) and a second pair of opposing sides consisting of a second side (102) and an opposing third side (103), but the panels (100) may be joined together in different ways depending on the compatibility of the interlocking contour of the third side (103) with the interlocking contour of both the first and second sides (101, 102), resulting in different panel patterns (111, 112) within one multipurpose panel system (110). In the depicted multi-purpose panel system (110), where the individual panels (110) have an upper side (107) with a rectangular outline (108), the panels (100) each have a long side (113) and a short side (114). The different panel patterns (111, 112) are thereby created by joining a first panel pattern (111) of interconnected panels (100) having their long sides (113) connected to the long sides (113) of an adjacent panel (100) to a second panel pattern (112) of interconnected panels (100) having their long sides (113) connected to the long sides (113) of an adjacent panel (100) and their short sides (114) connected to the short sides (114) of another adjacent panel (100). The first and second panel patterns (111, 112) are thereby rotated relative to each other such that the long side (113) of the panel (100) of the first panel pattern (111) is disposed at an angle of 90 degrees to the long side (113) of the panel (100) of the second panel pattern (112). This connection between the different panel patterns (111, 112) is made possible through the connection of the short side (114) of the panel (100) of the first panel pattern (111) to the long side (113) of the panel (100) of the second panel pattern (112).Installation of the panel system (110) is accomplished by tilting the first side (101) of the panel (100) to be installed at an angle relative to the third side (103) of the installed panel (100), which typically results in the panels (100) locking together in both the vertical and horizontal directions. During this angling or rotating movement of the to-be-installed panel (100) relative to the installed panel (100), the second side (102) of the to-be-installed panel (100) becomes (simultaneously) connected to the third side (103) of the other installed panel (100), typically achieved by lowering or tipping the to-be-installed panel (100) relative to the other installed panel (100), during which the second side (102) of the to-be-installed panel (100) and the third side (103) of the other installed panel (100) scissor (zip) together, thereby locking the to-be-installed panel (100) relative to the other installed panel (100) both horizontally and vertically.

[0136] Figure 2a shows a schematic diagram of two different types of multipurpose panels (201, 202) used in another embodiment (200) of a multipurpose panel system according to the present invention. Just like the multipurpose panel (100) shown in Figure 1a, each of these panels (201, 202) includes a first pair of opposing sides, consisting of a first side (101) and an opposing third side (103), and a second pair of opposing sides, consisting of a second side (102) and an opposing third side (103). In this case as well, the first, second and third sides (101, 102, 103) respectively have a first connecting shape (104), a second connecting shape (105), and a third connecting shape (106), the first connecting shape (104) and the third connecting shape (106) being configured so that the two panels (201, 202) can be connected to each other at the first and third sides (101, 103) by a rotational movement, and the second connecting shape (105) and the third connecting shape (106) being configured so that the two panels (201, 202) can be connected to each other at the second and third sides (102, 103) by a tilting movement and / or a vertical movement. However, this time there are two different types of panels (201, 202) and the interlocking contours (105, 106) of a pair of opposite sides (102, 103) on the first type of panel (201) are arranged in a mirrored manner with respect to the interlocking contours (105, 106) of a corresponding pair of opposite sides (102, 103) on the second type of panel (202). Note that the depicted side pair of the mirrored different types of panels (201, 202) is formed by a second side and a third side (102, 103). However, the mirrored side pair could equally well be formed by a first side and a third side (101, 103). Furthermore, the multipurpose panels (201, 202) used in this multipurpose panel system (200) have an upper side (107) with a parallelogram contour (208). In this regard, two adjacent sides (101, 102, 103) of these panels (201, 202) enclose either an acute angle (203) or an obtuse angle (204).In this particular embodiment, the first and second sides (101, 102) and the third sides (103) enclose the same obtuse angle (204), while the first and third sides (101, 103) and the second and third sides (102, 103) enclose the same acute angle (203). The difference in panel configuration and the parallelogram profile (208) of the top side (107) of each panel allows the panels (201, 202) to form a chevron pattern (205) when combined.

[0137] Figure 2b shows a schematic diagram of a multipurpose panel system (200) comprising a number of multipurpose panels (201, 202) as shown in Figure 2a. As already mentioned above, said multipurpose panels (201, 202) forming part of this multipurpose panel system (200) are provided in two different (mirrored) types / configurations. Due to the difference in panel configuration and the parallelogram shape of the top surface (107) of each panel, the panels (201, 202) can form a chevron pattern (205) when combined; however, by having a first pair of opposing sides consisting of a first side (101) and an opposing third side (103) and a second pair of opposing sides consisting of a second side (102) and an opposing third side (103), where the interlocking contour (106) of the third side (103) fits into the interlocking contours (104, 105) of both the first side and the second side (101, 102), the panels (201, 202) can also be combined in different ways, resulting in different panel patterns (206, 207) within one interconnected multi-purpose panel system (200). As in the multi-purpose panel system (110) shown in Figure lb, the distinct panel patterns (206, 207) are created by connecting a first panel pattern (206) of interconnected panels (201, 202) to a second panel pattern (207) of interconnected panels (201, 202). Within these distinct panel patterns (206, 207), each panel (201, 202) has each pair of opposing sides (101 and 103, 102 and 103) of each panel connected to the sides (101, 102, 103) of an adjacent panel (201, 202) becoming part of a corresponding pair of opposing sides (101 and 103, 102 and 103) of the adjacent panel (201, 202). However, the connection between the first panel pattern and the second panel pattern (206, 207) is achieved through the connection of a panel (201, 202) of the first panel pattern (206) having an edge (101, 103) that forms part of one pair of opposing edges (101, 103) with a panel (201, 202) of the second panel pattern (207) having an edge (102, 103) that forms part of the other, non-corresponding pair of opposing edges (102, 103).The result is an interconnected multi-purpose panel system (200) that includes two different panel patterns (206, 207) rotated 90 degrees relative to each other. Installation of the panel system (200) shown in Figure 2b is typically similar to the installation of the panel system (110) shown in Figure 1b.

[0138] Figure 3a shows a schematic diagram of a multipurpose panel (301) for use in yet another embodiment (300) of the multipurpose panel system according to the present invention. In addition to the multipurpose panels (100, 201, 202) shown in Figures 1a and 2a, each of these panels (301) has an upper side (107) with a regular hexagonal outline (302) including three pairs of opposing sides. The first pair of opposing sides consists of a first side (101) and an opposing third side (103). The second pair of opposing sides and the third pair of opposing sides consist of a second side (102) and an opposing third side (103). The first side, the second side and the third side (101, 102, 103) are thereby arranged such that the third sides (103) are directly adjacent to each other and the second sides (102) are adjacent to both sides of the first side (101). The second sides (102) are consequently not disposed adjacent to each other. However, the commonality between these multipurpose panels (301) and the multipurpose panels (100, 201, 202) shown in Figures 1a and 2a is that the first, second and third sides (101, 102, 103) respectively have first, second and third connecting contours (104, 105, 106), the first connecting contour (104) and the third connecting contour (106) being configured such that the two panels (301) can be connected to each other at the first and third sides (101, 103) by a rotational movement, and the second connecting contour (105) and the third connecting contour (106) being configured such that the two panels (301) can be connected to each other at the second and third sides (102, 103) by a tilting and / or vertical movement.

[0139] Figure 3b shows a schematic diagram of a multi-purpose panel system (300) including a plurality of multi-purpose panels (301) as shown in Figure 3a. In the depicted panel arrangement, the panels (301) are all in the same orientation. Installation of the panel system (300) can be accomplished in a manner similar to the panel systems (110, 200) of Figures 1b and 2b. By tilting the first side (101) of the panel (301) to be installed at an angle relative to the third side (103) of the installed panel (301), the panels (301) will generally lock together in both the vertical and horizontal directions. During this angling or rotating movement of the to-be-installed panel (301) relative to the installed panel (301), one or more second sides (102) of the to-be-installed panel (300) become (simultaneously) connected to the third sides (103) of one or more other installed adjacent panels (301), typically achieved by lowering or tilting the to-be-installed panel (301) relative to the one or more other installed panels (301), while the second side (102) of the to-be-installed panel (301) and the third side (103) of the one or more other installed panels (301) scissor (zip) against each other, thereby locking the to-be-installed panel (301) relative to the one or more other installed panels (301) in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0140] Figure 4a shows a cross section along line AA of a multi-purpose panel (100, 201, 202, 301) as shown in Figure 1a, 2a or 3a. In this figure, the first side (101) and the opposing third side (103) of the panel (100, 201, 202, 301) are visible, each having a first connecting contour (104) and a third connecting contour (106). The first connecting contour (104) includes a lateral tongue (400) extending in a direction substantially parallel to the upper side (107) of the panel (100, 201, 202, 301), at least one first downward flank (401) spaced apart from the lateral tongue (400), and a first downward recess (402) formed between the lateral tongue (400) and the first downward flank (401). The proximal side (403) of the lateral tongue (400) of the first connecting profile (104), which faces the first downward recess (402), is thereby inclined downwards in a direction opposite to the first downward flank (401). However, it is equally possible that the proximal side (403) of the lateral tongue (400) is inclined downwards in a direction towards the first downward flank (401). Between the proximal side (403) of the lateral tongue (400) of the first connecting profile (104) and the lower side (405) of the lateral tongue (400) of the first connecting profile (104) a first transition section (404) can be defined, which in this example is curved. An upper side (406) of the first downward recess (402) is inclined downwards towards the first downward flank (401) in the depicted panel (100, 201, 202, 301). The first interlocking profile (104) may further comprise a first locking element (407) which may cooperate with a third locking element (440) of a third interlocking profile (106) of an adjacent panel (100, 201, 202, 301) in the interlocking position. This first locking element (407) may be provided on the first downward flank (401) of the first interlocking profile (104). In the currently depicted panel (100, 201, 202, 301), the first locking element (407) comprises at least one first locking groove (408).

[0141] The third interlocking profile (106) includes a third recess (430) configured to receive at least a portion of the lateral tongue (400) of the first interlocking profile (104) of the further panel (100, 201, 202, 301), the third recess (430) being defined by an upper lip (431) and a lower lip (432), the lower lip (432) comprising an upward locking element (433). A proximal side (434) of the upward locking element (433) of the third interlocking profile (106) facing the third recess (430) is inclined upward in a direction opposite to the upper lip (431). However, it may alternatively be possible for the proximal side (434) of the upward locking element (433) to be inclined upward in a direction towards the upper lip (431). A third transition section (435) may be defined between the proximal side (434) of the upward locking element (433) and an upper side (436) of the upward locking element (433), which in this example is also curved to mirror the curved first transition section (404). The upper side (436) of the upward locking element (433) slopes downward in a direction opposite the upper lip (431) of the third interlocking contour (106) in the depicted panel (100, 201, 202, 301). A recess (438) is present in a lower side (437) of the lower lip (432) of the third interlocking contour (106), and the recess (438) extends to a distal end (439) of the lower lip (432). The recess (438) allows the lower lip (432) to bend in a downward direction. As already mentioned, the third interlocking contour (106) may further include a third locking element (440) which may cooperate with the first locking element (407) of the first interlocking contour (104) of an adjacent panel (100, 201, 202, 301) to provide a vertical lock between the interlocked panels (100, 201, 202, 301). The third locking element (440) may in this respect be provided on a distal side (441) of the lower lip (432) facing away from the third recess (430) and / or on a distal side (442) of the upward locking element (433) facing away from the third recess (430).The third locking element (440), as depicted herein, may be specifically spaced apart from both the lower portion (437) of the lower lip (432) and the upper portion (436) of the upward locking element (433). In the currently depicted panel, the third locking element (440) includes at least one outward bulge (443) adapted to be at least partially received in the first locking groove (408) or the second locking groove (423) of an adjacent connecting panel (100, 201, 202, 301) to achieve a (vertically) locked connection. The core (452) includes at least one reinforcing layer (454), such as a fiberglass layer (fabric), embedded in the core (452). The core (452) is at least partially made of an alloy of a polymer matrix and elastic particles dispersed in the matrix, the elastic particles being bound to the polymer matrix by covalent bonds. Examples are given above and in the accompanying claims set. The polymer matrix may optionally be provided with at least one plasticizer. Alternatively, the core may comprise minerals such as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and / or magnesium cement. This mineral material may act as a matrix material instead of or in addition to the polymer matrix material. Optionally, the panel, and optionally only the connecting contour, may be provided with at least one antibacterial (antimicrobial) coating and / or antibacterial (antimicrobial) substance mixed with the core material and / or the top structure of the panel. Optionally, an antibacterial coating may be applied on the top structure, but for health safety reasons it is preferred that the antibacterial substance is not exposed to the (upper) outside environment during normal use. The core may contain further additives such as calcium carbonate and / or cellulosic particles dispersed in the polymer (matrix) and, in this embodiment, at least one reinforcing layer (454) embedded in the core.The illustrated core may be considered as a single layer, with some portions above the reinforcing layer (454) and some portions below the reinforcing layer (454), both portions being interconnected (integrally) by a composite material present within the pores of the reinforcing layer. Detailed compositions and examples of additives have already been comprehensively described above.

[0142] Figure 4b shows a cross section along line B-B of a multi-purpose panel (100, 201, 202, 301) as shown in Figure 1a, 2a or 3a, in which the second side (102) and another opposing third side (103) of the panel (100, 201, 202, 301) are visible, each having a second connecting contour (105) and a third connecting contour (106). When the third connecting contour (106) corresponds to the third connecting contour (106) provided on the adjacent third side (103) of the panel (101, 201, 202, 301) whose characteristics have been described above in the description of the cross-section along line A-A of the multi-purpose panel (100, 201, 202, 301), the second connecting contour (105) includes a downward tongue (410) extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the upper side (107) of the panel (100, 201, 202, 301), at least one second downward flank (411) provided at a distance from the downward tongue (410), and a second downward recess (412) formed between the downward tongue (410) and the second downward flank (411). The proximal side (413) of the downward tongue (410) of the second connecting profile (105), which faces the second downward recess (412), is thereby inclined downwards in a direction opposite to the second downward flank (411). However, it is also possible that the proximal side (413) of the downward tongue (410) is inclined downwards in a direction towards the second downward flank (411). Between the proximal side (413) of the downward tongue (410) of the second connecting profile (105) and the lower side (415) of the downward tongue (410) of the second connecting profile (105) a second transition section (414) can be defined, which in this example is curved. The distal side (416) of the downward tongue (410), facing away from the second downward recess (412), includes at least one vertical upper wall portion (417) adjacent to the upper side (107) of the panel (100, 201, 202, 301) and an angled wall portion (418) adjacent to and below the vertical upper wall portion (417) and curving inwardly toward a chamfered and / or curved lower wall portion (419) of the distal side (416) of the downward tongue (410).Thereby, there may be an intermediate vertical wall (420) between the angled wall (418) and the chamfered and / or curved lower wall (419). The lower wall (419) of the distal side (416) of the downward tongue (410) may further be connected to the lower side (415) of the downward tongue (410). The upper side (421) of the second downward recess (412) slopes downwardly towards the second downward flank (411) in the depicted panel (100, 201, 202, 301). The second interlocking profile (105) may further comprise at least one second locking element (422) which may cooperate with a third locking element (440) of a third interlocking profile (106) of an adjacent panel (100, 201, 202, 301) to provide a vertical lock between the panels (100, 201, 202, 301) in the interlocking position. The second locking element (422) may in this respect be provided on the second downward flank (411) of the second interlocking profile (105). In the currently depicted panel (100, 201, 202, 301), the second locking element (422) includes at least one second locking groove (423) adapted to at least partially receive the outward bulge (443) of the third locking element (440) of an adjacent connecting panel (100, 201, 202, 301) to achieve a (vertically) locked connection.

[0143] The interlocking profile (104, 105, 106) of each of the multi-purpose panels (100, 201, 202, 301) shown in Figures 4a and 4b includes a chamfer (450) at or near the upper portion (107) of the panel (100, 201, 202, 301). The panel (100, 201, 202, 301) includes an upper substrate (451) attached to an upper portion (453) of a core (452) to which the first interlocking profile, the second interlocking profile and the third interlocking profile (104, 105, 106) are integrally connected. The at least one reinforcing layer (454), such as a fiberglass layer (fabric), embedded in the core (452) is again visible. Both Figures 4a and 4b show that the reinforcing layer (454) is present in only one of the two complementary interlocking profiles. The upper substrate (451) includes a decorative layer (455), an abrasion-resistant wear layer (456) covering the decorative layer (455), and a clear finish layer (457) located between the decorative layer (455) and the wear layer (456). The panel (100, 201, 202, 301) further includes a backing layer (458) attached to a bottom side (459) of the core (452).

[0144] Figures 5a to 5c show cross sections of two multi-purpose panels (100, 201, 202, 301) as shown in Figures 1a, 2a or 3a in a first, second and third interlocking state, respectively. In these figures, it can be seen that in the interlocking state, at least a part of the lateral tongue (400) of the first interlocking profile (104) of a panel (100, 201, 202, 301) is inserted into the third recess (430) of the third interlocking profile (106) of the adjacent panel (100, 201, 202, 301) and at least a part of the upward locking element (433) of the third interlocking profile (106) is inserted into the first downward recess (402) of the first interlocking profile (104). To secure the first connecting profile (104) and the third connecting profile (106) in position with respect to each other, the lower part (405) of the lateral tongue (400) of the first connecting profile (104) may thereby be supported by the lower surface (500) of the third recess (430) of the third connecting profile (106). The first side (101) and the third side (103) in the connected state define a first closing surface (501) which is defined as a first vertical plane (502) passing through the upper side (503) of the connected panels (100, 201, 202, 301). Each of the lateral tongue (400) and the third recess (430) thereby extends through the first vertical plane (502). In the illustrated embodiment, the first and third interlocking contours (104, 106) respectively include first and third locking elements (407, 440) arranged such that the first locking element (407) faces the third locking element (440) of the third interlocking contour (106) and cooperates with the third locking element (440) to provide a vertical locking effect.

[0145] 5a to 5c further show that in the coupled state, at least a part of the downward tongue (410) of the second coupling profile (105) is inserted into the third recess (430) of the third coupling profile (106) and at least a part of the upward locking element (433) of the third coupling profile (106) is inserted into the second downward recess (412) of the second coupling profile (105). To achieve a fixation of the second coupling profile (105) and the third coupling profile (106) in position with respect to each other, the lower part (415) of the downward tongue (410) of the second coupling profile (105) may thereby be supported by the lower surface (500) of the third recess (430) of the third coupling profile (106). The second side (102) and the third side (103) define a second closing surface (504) which, in the connected state, defines a second vertical plane (505) passing through the upper side (503) of the connected panels (100, 201, 202, 301). The downward tongue (410) is thereby located on one side of the second vertical plane (505) and the third recess (430) extends through the second vertical plane (505). In the illustrated embodiment, the second interlocking contour (105) further includes a second locking element (422) which faces the third locking element (440) of the third interlocking contour (106) and cooperates with the third locking element (440) to provide a vertical locking effect.

[0146] Figures 6a to 6c show cross-sections of two multi-purpose panels (600) with alternative interlocking profiles (601, 602, 603) in a first interlocking state, a second interlocking state and a third interlocking state, respectively. Whereas the interlocking profiles (104, 105, 106) of the panels (100, 201, 202, 301) shown in Figures 5a to 5c are configured such that in the interlocking state there is (substantially) no pretension between the interlocking profiles (104, 105, 106), the interlocking profiles (601, 602, 603) of the panels (600) shown in Figures 6a to 6c are configured such that in the interlocking state there is a pretension, which presses the respective panels (600) towards each other at their respective edges (604). In the illustrated embodiment of the interlocking profiles (601, 602, 603), the pretension is the result of a (local) deformation of the interlocking profiles (601, 602, 603).

[0147] 7a-7c show cross-sections of two multi-purpose panels (700) with further alternative interlocking profiles (701, 702, 703) in a first interlocking state, a second interlocking state, and a third interlocking state, respectively. In this embodiment of the third interlocking profile (703), there is no recess in the lower side (705) of the lower lip (704) of the third interlocking profile (703). In the depicted multi-purpose panel (700), the first interlocking profile (701) further includes another first locking element (706) on the distal side (707) of the first interlocking profile (701) and located above at least a portion of the lateral tongue (708). The second interlocking profile (702) also includes a further second locking element (709) on a distal side (711) of the downward tongue (710) facing away from the second downward recess (712). The third interlocking profile (703) also includes a further third locking element (713) on a side (715) of an upper lip (714). In the interlocked state shown in Figures 7a and 7b, the further third locking element (713) faces the distal side (707) of the first interlocking profile (701) of the adjacent panel (700), and in the interlocked state shown in Figure 7c, the further third locking element (713) faces the distal side (711) of the downward tongue (710) of the second interlocking profile (702) of the adjacent panel (700).Further depicted in Figures 7a to 7c is the interaction between the further first locking element or the further second locking element (706, 709) and the further third locking element (713) to create a vertical locking effect in the connected state of two panels (700), which interaction defines a tangent line T1 (716) that encloses an angle A1 (717) with a plane (718) defined by the panels (700), the angle A1 (717) being the angle defined by the panels (700). The angle A2 (719) is smaller than the angle A2 (719) enclosed by the plane (718) and a tangent line T2 (720) that is defined by the cooperation between the slope of the proximal side (722) of the upward locking element (721) facing towards the third recess (723) and the slope of the proximal side (724) of the downward tongue (710) facing towards the second downward flank (725) or the slope of the proximal side (726) of the lateral tongue (708) facing towards the first downward flank (727).

[0148] In the embodiment of the interlocking contours (701, 702, 703) shown in Figures 7a to 7c, the first interlocking contour (701) and the third interlocking contour (703), or the second interlocking contour (702) and the third interlocking contour (703), are configured such that in an interlocked state, there are a plurality of spaced apart contact sections (728), with a space (729) remaining between each pair of adjacent contact sections (728). In particular, Figures 7a and 7b show that the first downward flank (727) of the first interlocking contour (701) and the distal side (730) of the upward locking element (721) and the lower lip (704) of the third interlocking contour (703) facing the first downward flank (727) are positioned apart from each other. Furthermore, an upper side (731) of the upward locking element (721) of the third interlocking profile (703) is spaced apart from an upper side (733) of a first downward recess (732) of the first interlocking profile (701). In Fig. 7c it can be seen that the second downward flank (725) of the second interlocking profile (702) and the distal side (730) of the upward locking element (721) and the lower lip (704) of the third interlocking profile (703) facing the second downward flank (725) are spaced apart from each other. Also, the upper side (731) of the upward locking element (721) of the third interlocking profile (703) is spaced apart from an upper side (734) of the second downward recess (712) of the second interlocking profile (702).

[0149] In the embodiments shown in Figures 5a to 7c, the core comprises an alloy of a polymer matrix and elastic particles dispersed therein, the elastic particles being bound to the polymer matrix by covalent bonds, examples and preferred embodiments of which are comprehensively described in the description above.

[0150] The above-mentioned inventive concepts are illustrated by several exemplary embodiments. It is considered that when a particular inventive concept is applied, the particular inventive concept may be applied without applying other details of the above-described examples. It is not necessary to detail all possible combination examples of the above-mentioned inventive concepts, since a person skilled in the art will understand that many inventive concepts can be combined (recombined) to arrive at a specific application.

[0151] It will become apparent that the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described herein, but that many variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims which will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.

[0152] As used in this patent publication, the verb "comprise" and its conjugations are understood to mean not only "comprise," but also the phrases "contain," "consist essentially of," and "formed by" and their conjugations.

Claims

1. A decorative panel comprising: a core having an upper portion and a lower portion; a decorative crown structure attached to the upper side of the core; a first panel edge including a first interlocking profile and a second panel edge including a second interlocking profile designed to interlockingly engage the first interlocking profile of an adjacent panel in both a horizontal and vertical direction; the core comprises a polymer matrix and / or a magnesium cementitious matrix and an alloy of elastic particles dispersed in the matrix, the elastic particles being covalently bonded to the polymer matrix; at least one polymer of the core is a material selected from the group consisting of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PUR (polyurethane) and PVB (polyvinyl butyral); the core is phthalate-free; A panel, wherein at least one polymer of said core is expanded to contain cells, and at least some of said elastomeric particles form walls of said cells.

2. The panel according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises polyethylene (PE), and / or polypropylene (PP), and / or polybutylene.

3. The panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer matrix comprises isotactic polypropylene.

4. The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the elastic particles comprise an elastomer.

5. The panel of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the elastic particles comprise ethylene-propylene rubber.

6. The panel of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the elastic particles comprise ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM).

7. The panel of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the core comprises isotactic polypropylene, ethylene-propylene rubber, and high density polyethylene.

8. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises an ethylene-propylene copolymer.

9. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises at least one catalyst which promotes the formation of covalent bonds between the polymer matrix and the dispersed elastomeric particles.

10. 10. The panel of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the core comprises at least one further filler selected from the group consisting of steel, glass, polypropylene, wood, acrylic, alumina, curawa, carbon, cellulose, coconut, Kevlar, nylon, perlon, polyethylene, PVA, rock wool, sisal, and ficu.

11. The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the panel comprises a plurality of reinforcing layers.

12. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one reinforcing layer extends only over one of the first and second connecting contours.

13. at least one first side having a first connecting profile including a lateral tongue extending in a direction substantially parallel to an upper side of the first panel, at least one first downward flank lying at a distance from said lateral tongue, and a first downward recess formed between said lateral tongue and said first downward flank, wherein at least a portion of a side of said first connecting profile proximal to said lateral tongue facing said first downward recess is inclined downwardly in a direction away from said first downward recess; at least one second side including a downward tongue extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to an upper side of the first panel, at least one second downward flank lying at a distance from the downward tongue, a second downward recess formed between the downward tongue and the downward flank, and at least one second locking element, at least a portion of a proximal side of the downward tongue facing the second downward recess having a second connecting profile that slopes downwardly away from the second downward flank; a third recess configured to receive at least a portion of a lateral tongue of the first interlocking profile of a second panel of a plurality of floor panels and at least a portion of a downward tongue of the second panel, the third recess being defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, an upward locking element being provided on the lower lip, and at least two other sides, each other side having a third interlocking profile including at least one third locking element having at least one outward bulge, at least a portion of a proximal side of the upward locking element facing the third recess sloping upward in a direction away from the upper lip, The first and third connecting contours are configured so that the first and second panels can be connected to each other at the first and other edges via a rotational movement, and in a connected state, At least a portion of the lateral tongue of the first connecting profile of the first panel is inserted into a third recess of a third connecting profile of the second panel to achieve a vertical locking effect; At least a portion of the upward locking element of the third coupling profile and the at least one outward bulge are inserted into a first downward recess of the first coupling profile; and The second connecting contour and the third connecting contour are configured so that the first panel and the second panel can be connected to each other at the second and other sides by a tilting movement or a vertical movement, and in a connected state, At least a portion of the downward tongue of the second coupling contour is inserted into a third recess of the third coupling contour; At least a portion of the upward locking element of the third coupling profile is inserted into the second downward recess of the second coupling profile; and 13. The panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one second locking element faces and cooperates with at least one outward bulge of the at least one third locking element to achieve a vertical locking effect.

14. The first connecting shape is An upward tongue portion; at least one upwardly extending flank spaced apart from the upwardly extending tongue; an upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward flank, the upward groove adapted to receive at least a portion of a downward tongue of a second connecting profile of an adjacent panel; at least one first locking element, and the second coupling configuration comprises: A first downward tongue portion; at least one first downward flank spaced from the downward tongue; a first downward groove formed between the downward tongue and the downward flank, the downward groove adapted to receive at least a portion of an upward tongue of a first connecting profile of an adjacent panel; The panel of any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising at least one second locking element adapted to cooperate with a first locking element of an adjacent panel.

15. The panel includes at least one third connecting contour and at least one fourth connecting contour located on a third panel edge and a fourth panel edge, respectively, and the third connecting contour is a lateral tongue extending in a direction substantially parallel to the upper side of the core; at least one second downward flank spaced from the lateral tongue; a second downward groove formed between the lateral tongue and the second downward flank, and the fourth connecting profile is a third groove configured to receive at least a portion of the lateral tongue of the third interlocking profile of an adjacent panel, the third groove being defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, the lower lip including an upwardly directed locking element; 15. The panel of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the third interlocking contour and the fourth interlocking contour are configured such that the two panels can be interlocked with each other by a rotating movement, and in a combined state, at least a portion of the lateral tongue of a first panel is inserted into the third groove of an adjacent second panel, and at least a portion of the upward locking element of the second panel is inserted into the second downward groove of the first panel.

16. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core comprises at least one mineral filler material.

17. A decorative covering comprising a plurality of interconnected decorative panels according to any one of claims 1-16.

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