Fire extinguishing system for use in energy storage container and fire preliminary alarm control method

Abstract

To provide a fire fighting and fire extinguishing system for an energy storage container.SOLUTION: A fire fighting and fire extinguishing system used for an energy storage container includes: a fire fighting control host, a cluster class and cabin class perfluorohexanone fire fighting sub-system, and a PACK class water fire fighting sub-system. The cluster class and cabin class perfluorohexanone fire fighting sub-system achieves cabin class perfluorohexanone fire fighting. The PACK class water fire fighting sub-system achieves water fire fighting in a battery box. By using a combination of fire extinguishing agents of a plurality of components, full diffusion perfusion type PACK class water fire fighting and full submersion type space class perfluorohexanone fire fighting are achieved. With five kinds of thermorunaway feature amounts of haze, temperature, CO, H2, and VOC as important conditions for fire status search of the energy storage container and early preliminary alarm, early detection and accurate monitoring of battery system fire are achieved.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries and firefighting control, and in particular to a firefighting extinguishing system used in an energy storage container and a firefighting pre-alarm control method used in an energy storage container. [Background technology]

[0002] With the development of economy, the increase of electricity demand in China is very strong, but the energy generation based on wind energy and solar energy is greatly affected by the region and weather, and has indirect and fluctuating characteristics, so when integrating into the power grid, a large-scale energy storage system is required to regulate and control the quality of the power.Energy storage containers have the advantages of large capacity, high reliability, high flexibility and high environmental adaptability, so they have been widely used on the power generation side, power grid side and user side of the power system, helping the power grid adjust the power supply, realizing peak cutting and valley filling, pressure adjustment and frequency adjustment, relieving congestion in the power grid, and ensuring load power, playing an important role.

[0003] However, due to the high energy density of the batteries in the energy storage container, the relatively sealed working environment, and the limited heat dissipation conditions, if a fire occurs, the consequences are unimaginable. According to incomplete statistics, from 2019 to the present, 26 explosions and fires have occurred in global energy storage projects, resulting in serious human casualties and property losses. The safety issues of energy storage containers have already sounded the alarm for the industry and cannot be ignored. In a letter requesting opinions on the "25 Key Requirements for Preventing Electricity Production Accidents (2022 Edition) (Draft for Public Comment)", the General Affairs Department of the National Energy Administration clearly pointed out that medium and large electrochemical energy storage power plants should not select ternary lithium batteries, sodium sulfur batteries, and staircase power batteries, and when selecting staircase power batteries, consistency screening should be carried out and safety evaluation should be carried out based on trace data. Therefore, the technology line of the battery system inside the energy storage container will be mainly iron phosphate batteries in the future. The basic structure of a lithium iron phosphate battery mainly consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, a diaphragm, a collector, an electrode lead, and a housing. From the internal structure of the lithium iron phosphate battery, the positive electrode is LiFeO 4 The cathode is a transition metal compound, the anode is composed of carbon-based elements such as graphite and graphene, the electrolyte is an organic solution containing lithium salt, the diaphragm is usually composed of a polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) membrane, and the collector has both positive and negative electrodes, the cathode collector is usually aluminum, and the anode collector is usually copper or nickel, etc.

[0004] Apparently, the internal components of a lithium iron phosphate battery are chemical materials with active electrochemical properties or conductive metals. If the battery is subjected to mechanical destruction such as external pressure, collision, or needle puncture, or if it frequently encounters extreme situations such as overcharging, over-discharging, and high temperatures during charging and discharging, the diaphragm will burst or collapse, thereby causing a short circuit and violent chemical reactions within the battery, and ultimately triggering battery thermal runaway.

[0005] At present, the energy storage container fire detection and fire alarm design plan mainly refers to the national standard "GB 50116-2013 Fire Automatic Alarm System Design Standard", and arranges a typical temperature detector and a typical smoke detector, and the fire alarm system adopts an independent communication mode and is centrally controlled in a local prefabricated room. Refer to Figure 1, which shows the logic control diagram of a typical energy storage container fire detection and fire alarm system in the prior art, including two kinds of control modes of automatic fire detection control and manual manual control, which realizes the purpose of fire prevention control according to the four steps of fire signal detection, fire alarm, interlocking control, and extinguishing agent release, and at the same time has the function of manual manual intervention, which can manually start emergency or stop fire alarm or fire extinguishing operation.

[0006] In the above design of the energy storage container, the fire prevention and control system basically reuses the traditional building fire prevention and control design, and there are three major disadvantages in terms of the applicability of fire safety preliminary alarm. First, in the detection part, the current energy storage fire mainly uses the smoke temperature sensation as the basis for judging whether a fire has occurred, and the detection amount is relatively single, and the battery completely thermal runaway, and the generated temperature and smoke can only play the role of alarm when they spread throughout the cabin, so the fire signal cannot be detected early. Secondly, in the fire suppression part, most of the existing energy storage fire extinguishing agents use aerosols, dry powder, heptafluoropropane, etc., and the normal injection is only once and does not work again, so it can only put out the fire first, cannot solve the problem of re-burning of the battery, and cannot thoroughly improve the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery. Finally, in the fire control strategy part, the existing energy storage fire control logic is too simple or too complex, which is easy to cause the phenomenon that the battery does not work after thermal runaway is triggered, or the battery malfunctions when it is working normally. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] As described above, when faced with the many technical problems mentioned above, it has become an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to provide a fire extinguishing system and a fire pre-alarm control method for use in an energy storage container that can realize joint monitoring of smoke temperature sensing and various combustible gases, joint use of multiple component fire extinguishing agents, classified pre-alarm and linked control, accurately detect thermal runaway characteristics, and timely extinguish the fire, rapidly reduce the temperature, continuously suppress it, thoroughly block the expansion of thermal runaway, and prevent secondary re-ignition. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a fire extinguishing system for an energy storage container, and in the present invention, the fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container is a fire extinguishing system that uses a multi-component extinguishing agent in combination, and the fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container is a classification type fire extinguishing system,

[0010] The fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container includes a fire control host, a cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing subsystem, and a PACK-class water fire extinguishing subsystem;

[0011] The cluster-level and cabin-level perfluorohexanone fire fighting subsystem includes: a cabin-level fire detector arranged in the energy storage container to realize cabin-level fire fighting within the energy storage container; a cluster-level fire detector arranged in the energy storage container and corresponding to the battery cluster to realize cluster-level fire fighting for the battery cluster; and a perfluorohexanone discharge head for dispersing perfluorohexanone, the perfluorohexanone discharge head is for achieving partition-type total submersion extinguishing of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent in the energy storage container; the cabin-level fire detector and the cluster-level fire detector are respectively signal-connected to the fire fighting control host;

[0012] The PACK-class water firefighting subsystem is installed in a battery box, and includes a PACK-class fire detector for realizing PACK-class fire detection inside the battery box, and a water spraying head for spraying municipal tap water, the water spraying head is installed in the battery box, and the PACK-class fire detector is signal-connected to the fire control host;

[0013] The fire control host is used to realize spray control of the perfluorohexanone spray head and the water spray head.

[0014] Preferably, in the fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing subsystem includes a perfluorohexanone storage tank for loading perfluorohexanone, and a Class 1 fire suppressant pipeline for connecting the perfluorohexanone storage tank and the perfluorohexanone discharge head, wherein a Class 1 branch pipe is provided in the Class 1 fire suppressant pipeline, the perfluorohexanone discharge head is provided in the Class 1 branch pipe, a Class 1 partition solenoid valve is provided in the Class 1 branch pipe, and the Class 1 partition solenoid valve is control-connected to the fire control host.

[0015] Preferably, in the fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the first-class fire suppressant duct is provided with a space duct solenoid valve, and the space duct solenoid valve is control-connected to the fire control host.

[0016] Preferably, in the fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the cabin-class fire detector and the cluster-class fire detector are signal-connected to the fire control host via a first-class fire communication pipe.

[0017] Preferably, in the fire fighting and extinguishing system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the energy storage container is provided with three cabins, namely, a fire fighting cabin, a power distribution cabin, and a battery cabin, and at least one cabin-class fire detector is provided at the inner top of the energy storage container corresponding to each of the cabins.

[0018] Preferably, in the fire fighting system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the energy storage container is provided with a number of functional cabinets, which are a fire fighting suppression cabinet, a collection cabinet, a high-pressure cabinet, and a number of battery cabinets, and at least one cluster-level fire detector is provided on the outside of the upper gate frame of the main gate of the cabinet body corresponding to each of the battery cabinets.

[0019] Preferably, in the fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, one of the first-stage branch pipes is provided with one of the perfluorohexanone discharge heads and one of the first-class partition solenoid valves to form one cabin-class fire extinguishing unit, and a plurality of the cabin-class fire extinguishing units are provided, all of which are arranged in parallel on the first-class fire suppressant pipeline, and at least one of the cabin-class fire extinguishing units is provided corresponding to the collection cabinet, the high-pressure cabinet, and the battery cabinet.

[0020] Preferably, in the fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the PACK-class water firefighting subsystem includes a water storage tank for loading municipal tap water, and a class 2 fire suppressant pipeline for connecting the water storage tank and the sprinkler discharge head, wherein a class 2 branch pipe is provided in the class 2 fire suppressant pipeline, the sprinkler discharge head is provided in the class 2 branch pipe, a class 2 partition solenoid valve is provided in the class 2 branch pipe, and the class 2 partition solenoid valve is control-connected to the fire control host.

[0021] Preferably, in the fire fighting system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the second-class fire suppressant pipe is provided with a second-class compartment solenoid valve, which is control-connected to the fire control host.

[0022] Preferably, in the fire fighting system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the PACK class fire detector is signal-connected to the fire control host via a second class fire communication line.

[0023] Preferably, in the fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container provided by the present invention, one of the second-class branch pipes is provided with one of the sprinkler discharge heads and one battery box control valve to form one PACK-class fire extinguishing unit, and a plurality of the PACK-class fire extinguishing units are provided, all of the PACK-class fire extinguishing units are provided in parallel on the second-class fire suppressant pipeline, and at least one of the PACK-class fire extinguishing units is provided for each battery box.

[0024] The present invention further provides a fire pre-alarm control method for an energy storage container, in which the present invention uses the above-mentioned fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container to perform fire monitoring and extinguishing, and the fire pre-alarm control method for the energy storage container adopts a graded pre-alarm mechanism and performs full diffusion perfusion type PACK-class water fire fighting and full submersion type space-class perfluorohexanone fire fighting for the energy storage container through a multi-level fire control strategy.

[0025] Preferably, in the fire pre-alarm control method for the energy storage container provided by the present invention,

[0026] Step 1: acquiring a monitoring signal from each detector, and triggering a first-class alarm and performing a first-class firefighting action when at least one of the PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors detects that a battery thermal runaway feature value exceeds a standard;

[0027] Step 2: continuously acquiring monitoring signals from each detector, and triggering a Class 2 alarm and performing Class 2 firefighting action when it is detected that at least two of the PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors have battery thermal runaway features that continue to exceed the standard;

[0028] and step 3 of continuously acquiring monitoring signals from each detector, and if the battery thermal runaway continues to progress while the second-class alarm is triggered, triggering a third-class alarm and carrying out a third-class firefighting operation.

[0029] Preferably, in the fire pre-alarm control method for the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the first-level firefighting operation is that the fire control host uploads pre-alarm information to the fire control room monitoring platform, and focuses on displaying the relevant exceeding-standard parameters on the local display control unit.

[0030] Preferably, in the fire preliminary alarm control method for an energy storage container provided by the present invention, the second-level fire fighting operation is such that the fire control host activates the smoke exhaust fan and the electric louver of the energy storage container in conjunction with each other to perform exhaust ventilation, and links the power reduction processing of the BMS and the PCS to limit the discharge power output or the charge power input.

[0031] Preferably, in the fire backup alarm control method for the energy storage container provided by the present invention, the third-level firefighting operation is that the fire control host turns off the smoke exhaust fan and the electric louver in coordination with each other, links the BMS to cut off the cluster-level and cabin-level high-voltage relays, starts up the backup power supply, links the PCS to stop the equipment, and performs PACK-level fire extinguishing and space-level fire extinguishing. Effect of the Invention

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] The present invention provides a fire extinguishing system for an energy storage container, the fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container is a fire extinguishing system using a combination of multiple component extinguishing agents, the fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container is a classified fire extinguishing system, the fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container includes a fire control host, a cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing subsystem, and a PACK-class water fire extinguishing subsystem, the cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing subsystem being arranged in the energy storage container to realize cabin-class fire detection inside the energy storage container, and a battery cluster being arranged in the energy storage container and corresponding to the battery cluster, the battery cluster being arranged in the energy storage container to realize cluster-class fire detection. The energy storage container fire extinguishing system includes a cluster-class fire detector for detecting fire in the battery box and a perfluorohexanone discharge head for dispersing perfluorohexanone, the perfluorohexanone discharge head is for realizing partition-type total submersion extinguishing of the perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent in the energy storage container, the cabin-class fire detector and the cluster-class fire detector are respectively connected to a fire control host, the PACK-class water fire extinguishing subsystem is installed in the battery box, the PACK-class fire detector is for realizing the PACK-class fire detection in the battery box, and a water sprinkling discharge head for spraying municipal tap water, the water sprinkling discharge head is installed in the battery box, the PACK-class fire detector is connected to a fire control host, and the fire control host is used to realize the spray control of the perfluorohexanone discharge head and the water sprinkling discharge head. Based on this fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container, the present invention further provides a fire pre-alarm control method used in the energy storage container.

[0034] In the present invention, the fire extinguishing system and the fire preliminary alarm control method proposed by the present invention use a multi-component fire extinguishing agent in combination, and through a fire control strategy, municipal tap water is directly injected into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, and perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent is sprayed into the battery box, thereby realizing a PACK-class water fire extinguishing method of full diffusion perfusion type and a space-class perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing method of full submersion type. The fire extinguishing system and the fire preliminary alarm control method proposed by the present invention can control smoke, temperature, CO, H 2 The five types of thermal runaway features of VOCs and volatile organic compounds are used as important conditions for fire situation detection and early warning of energy storage containers, thereby realizing early detection and accurate monitoring of fires in battery systems. The fire extinguishing system and fire warning control method proposed in this invention adopt a three-level fire prevention control design and a graded warning control plan, which are respectively PACK-level (battery box-level) prevention control and fire warning, cluster-level prevention control and fire warning, and cabin-level prevention control and fire warning, and provide comprehensive fire protection for the energy storage container by using the method of graded layout and centralized control. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0035] The specification drawings which form a part of this application are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are intended to interpret the present invention without being unduly limiting to the present invention.

[0036] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a logic control diagram of a typical energy storage container fire detection and fire alarm system in the prior art.

[0037] [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cluster-level and cabin-level firefighting arrangement of the energy storage container fire extinguishing system proposed in the present invention.

[0038] [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the PACK-class firefighting arrangement of the energy storage container fire extinguishing system proposed by the present invention.

[0039] [Figure 4] 2 is a fire preliminary alarm control logic flowchart of the fire preliminary alarm control method used in the energy storage container proposed in the present invention.

[0040] [Diagram 5] 1 is a graph of fire alarm grades and triggering conditions in accordance with the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0041] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments with reference to the drawings. Each example is provided by the interpretation of the present invention, not by limiting the present invention. In fact, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations are possible in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. For example, some features of one embodiment can be applied to another embodiment to generate yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desirable that the present invention includes modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0042] Referring to Figures 2 to 5, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cluster-level and cabin-level firefighting arrangements of the energy storage container fire extinguishing system proposed by the present invention, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the PACK-level fire extinguishing arrangement of the energy storage container fire extinguishing system proposed by the present invention, Figure 4 is a fire pre-alarm control logic flowchart of the fire pre-alarm control method used in the energy storage container proposed by the present invention, and Figure 5 is a graph of the fire pre-alarm grades and triggering conditions in the present invention.

[0043] The present invention provides a fire extinguishing system for an energy storage container, specifically, the fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container is a fire extinguishing system that uses a multi-component fire extinguishing agent in combination, and the fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container is a classified fire extinguishing system.

[0044] In the present invention, the fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container includes a fire control host, a cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone firefighting subsystem, and a PACK-class water firefighting subsystem.

[0045] Specifically, the cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire-fighting subsystem includes a cabin-class fire detector 2 arranged in the energy storage container to realize cabin-class fire detection inside the energy storage container, a cluster-class fire detector 5 arranged in the energy storage container corresponding to the battery cluster to realize cluster-class fire detection for the battery cluster, and a perfluorohexanone ejection head 4 for spraying perfluorohexanone, where the perfluorohexanone ejection head 4 is for realizing partition-type total submersion extinguishing of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent in the energy storage container, and the cabin-class fire detector 2 and the cluster-class fire detector 5 are respectively signal-connected to the fire control host. The cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire protection subsystem includes a perfluorohexanone storage tank for loading perfluorohexanone, and a class 1 fire suppressant pipeline 3 for connecting the perfluorohexanone storage tank and a perfluorohexanone discharge head 4, in which a class 1 branch pipe is provided in the class 1 fire suppressant pipeline 3, the perfluorohexanone discharge head 4 is provided in the class 1 branch pipe, a class 1 partition solenoid valve 7 is provided in the class 1 branch pipe, and the class 1 partition solenoid valve 7 is control-connected to a fire control host.

[0046] Furthermore, the first-class fire suppressant duct 3 is provided with a space duct solenoid valve 1, and the space duct solenoid valve 1 is control-connected to a fire control host. The cabin-class fire detector 2 and the cluster-class fire detector 5 are signal-connected to the fire control host via a first-class fire communication duct 6.

[0047] The cabin-class fire detector 2 and the cluster-class fire detector 5 are both detectors installed inside the energy storage container (preferably installed at the inner top of the energy storage container, the cabin-class fire detector 2 is arranged at the inner top of the energy storage container, and the cluster-class fire detector 5 is arranged inside the energy storage container and located outside the upper gate frame of the main gate of each cabinet). As shown in FIG. 2, there are three areas (cabins) in the energy storage container, which are a firefighting cabin 8, a power distribution cabin 9, and a battery cabin 10, and the cabin-class fire detector 2 is installed corresponding to the above three cabin areas and is used to realize fire detection in these three areas. Each cabin area is also provided with a "cabinet" structure, for example, a fire extinguishing suppression cabinet is provided in the firefighting cabin 8, a current collection cabinet and a high-voltage cabinet are provided in the power distribution cabin 9, and a number of battery cabinets are provided in the battery cabin 10. The cluster-class fire detector 5 is provided for each "cabinet" structure (specifically, for each collection cabinet, high-voltage cabinet, and battery cabinet) in order to realize cluster-class fire detection.

[0048] Generally, the energy storage container is provided with three cabins, namely, a firefighting cabin 8, a power distribution cabin 9, and a battery cabin 10, and at least one cabin-level fire detector 2 is provided at the inner top of the energy storage container corresponding to each cabin. At the same time, the energy storage container is provided with a number of functional cabinets, namely, a fire suppression cabinet, a current collection cabinet, a high-voltage cabinet, and a number of battery cabinets, and at least one cluster-level fire detector 5 is provided at the outer side of the upper gate frame of the main door of the cabinet body corresponding to each battery cabinet. Among them, the firefighting cabin 8 corresponds to the fire suppression cabinet, the power distribution cabin 9 corresponds to the current collection cabinet and the high-voltage cabinet, and the battery cabin 10 corresponds to a number of battery cabinets.

[0049] Specifically, one single-stage branch pipe is provided with one perfluorohexanone discharge head 4 and one first-class compartment solenoid valve to form one cabin-class fire fighting unit, and multiple cabin-class fire fighting units are provided, all of which are arranged in parallel on the first-class fire suppressant pipeline 3, with at least one cabin-class fire fighting unit provided corresponding to the collection cabinet, high-pressure cabinet, and battery cabinet.

[0050] Specifically, the PACK-class water firefighting subsystem is installed in a battery box and includes a PACK-class fire detector 16 for realizing PACK-class fire detection inside the battery box, and a water spray discharge head 15 for spraying municipal water, the water spray discharge head 15 is installed in the battery box, the PACK-class fire detector 16 is signal-connected to a fire control host, and the fire control host is used to realize spray control of the perfluorohexanone discharge head 4 and the water spray discharge head 15.

[0051] The PACK class water firefighting subsystem further includes a water storage tank for loading municipal water, and a second class fire suppressant pipe 13 for connecting the water storage tank and the water sprinkler discharge head 15, the second class fire suppressant pipe 13 is provided with a second class branch pipe, the water sprinkler discharge head 15 is provided on the second class branch pipe, the second class branch pipe is provided with a second class section solenoid valve 11, and the second class section solenoid valve 11 is control-connected to the fire control host. The second class fire suppressant pipe 13 is provided with a second class section solenoid valve 11 control-connected to the fire control host, and the PACK class fire detector 16 is signal-connected to the fire control host via the second class fire communication pipe 12.

[0052] Specifically, one second-class branch pipe is provided with one sprinkler discharge head 15 and one battery box control valve 14 to constitute one PACK class fire fighting unit, and multiple PACK class fire fighting units are provided, all of which are arranged in parallel on the second-class fire suppressant pipe 13, with at least one PACK class fire fighting unit being provided for each battery box.

[0053] The present invention further provides a fire pre-alarm control method for an energy storage container, in which the present invention uses the above-mentioned fire extinguishing system for the energy storage container to perform fire monitoring and extinguishing, and the fire pre-alarm control method for the energy storage container adopts a graded pre-alarm mechanism and performs full diffusion perfusion type PACK-class water fire fighting and full submersion type space-class perfluorohexanone fire fighting for the energy storage container through a multi-level fire control strategy.

[0054] Specifically, the present invention includes the steps of: acquiring a monitoring signal from each detector; and triggering a first-class alarm and performing a first-class firefighting operation when at least one of the PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors is detected to have a battery thermal runaway feature value exceeding a standard; and the first-class firefighting operation includes the steps of: a fire control host uploading preliminary alarm information to a fire control room monitoring platform, and focusing on displaying the relevant exceeding-standard parameters on a local display control unit;

[0055] Step 2: continuously acquiring monitoring signals from each detector, and triggering a second-class alarm and performing a second-class firefighting operation when it is detected that at least two of the PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors have battery thermal runaway features that continue to exceed the standard, in which the fire control host activates the smoke exhaust fan and the electric louver of the energy storage container in conjunction with each other to perform exhaust ventilation, and links the BMS and PCS power reduction processing to limit the discharge power output or the charge power input;

[0056] Step 3 includes continuously obtaining the monitoring signals of each detector, and if the battery thermal runaway continues to progress while triggering a Class 2 alarm, triggering a Class 3 alarm and performing Class 3 firefighting operation, in which the fire control host turns off the smoke exhaust fan and the electric louvers in conjunction with each other, links the BMS to shut off the cluster-level and cabin-level high-voltage relays, starts up the backup power supply, links the PCS to stop the equipment, and performs PACK-level and space-level firefighting.

[0057] Thermal runaway of lithium batteries is a process phenomenon that lasts for a relatively long period of time. Through research, it has been found that a large amount of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), and volatile combustible alkane gases (VOCs) are released. The ratio of CO to H is 27% of the thermal runaway gas output from lithium iron phosphate batteries. 2 The ratio was found to be 22%, and the VOC ratio was 8%. In addition, the group standard "T / CEC 373-2020 Prefabricated Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Storage Power Plant Fire Prevention Technical Specification" Section 4.9.3 states that combustible gas detectors, temperature detectors, and smoke detectors should be installed inside the battery prefabricated building, and the number of each detector should be two or more. 2 It is stipulated that the concentration values ​​of the combustible gases CO and CO should be detectable, the measurement range should be below 50% LEL (lower explosion limit), and it should be possible to set the second class combustible gas concentration operating threshold.

[0058] In the present invention, the fire preliminary alarm control method proposed by the present invention is to control smoke, temperature, CO, H 2 In addition, the five types of thermal runaway characteristics of VOCs are used as important conditions for detecting fire situations and early warning in energy storage containers, thereby realizing early detection and accurate monitoring of battery system fires.

[0059] In all of the fire and explosion accidents in energy storage containers, the thermal runaway of an individual battery occurred in the early stages, which then spread to the module and ignited the entire battery box. The thermal runaway fire in the battery box then caused the entire battery box to burn, and finally caused a large-area deflagration in the battery cabin. The fires were characterized by rapid spread and uncontrollable fires.

[0060] Most of the existing applications of energy storage firefighting still use aerosol, dry powder, heptafluoropropane and other extinguishing agents as the main extinguishing agents, but after practical verification, it has become clear that these extinguishing media have all the disadvantages, for example, aerosol extinguishing agents are prone to high temperatures when used, particles float on the surface of objects and are difficult to organize, and are prone to damage electrical appliances; dry powder extinguishing agents are almost ineffective in extinguishing lithium batteries, the scene after dry powder spraying is in disarray, the sprayed material is difficult to organize, and in the long-term vibration environment, the agent is prone to plate sintering and cannot be used due to moisture; heptafluoropropane extinguishing agents have a good extinguishing effect, but the cooling effect of the battery is poor, and the battery temperature rises again, causing secondary re-ignition; in addition, heptafluoropropane agents are expensive, and when the system spray occurs, the secondary filling costs are high.

[0061] The present invention creatively adopts perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent, which has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and non-toxic, having good electrical insulation performance, leaving no residue after use, and not causing secondary damage to equipment, and at room temperature perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent is liquid, which is convenient to fill, transport and store, and can be sprayed at a fixed point multiple times, effectively solving the re-ignition problem, and is a good fire extinguishing agent for electrochemical storage batteries. In addition, the present invention also adopts municipal tap water as fire extinguishing agent, which can directly lower the temperature and cool, block oxygen, and has the effect of chemical inhibition, which can quickly stop the electrochemical reaction inside the battery and block the diffusion of thermal runaway, and at the same time has the advantages of being cheap and easy to obtain.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the energy storage container fire extinguishing system and fire pre-alarm control method proposed by the present invention adopts three-level fire prevention control design and graded pre-alarm control scheme, which are respectively PACK level (battery box level) prevention control and fire pre-alarm, cluster level prevention control and fire pre-alarm, and cabin level prevention control and fire pre-alarm, and at the same time, it combines multi-component fire extinguishing agents, and through the fire control strategy, directly injects municipal tap water into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, and injects perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent into the battery box, thereby realizing full diffusion perfusion PACK level water fire extinguishing and full submersion space level perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing, quickly and effectively extinguishing the fire, reducing the temperature, and thoroughly solving the secondary re-burning problem of the battery. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cluster level and cabin level fire extinguishing configuration of the energy storage container fire extinguishing system proposed by the present invention, and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the PACK level fire extinguishing configuration of the energy storage container fire extinguishing system proposed by the present invention.

[0063] In the present invention, the energy storage container generally uses a 40-foot or 20-foot standard container as a carrier, and integrates a lithium iron phosphate battery system, an energy storage current transformer (PCS), a battery management system (BMS), an energy management system (EMS), a thermal management system (liquid-cooled or air-cooled system), a fire protection system, a power distribution system, etc. The lithium iron phosphate battery system can be arranged as a plurality of battery clusters according to the voltage / current design level and placed in a plurality of battery cabinets, the power distribution system is divided into an AC power distribution part and a DC power distribution part, the DC power distribution part includes a high-voltage cabinet and a current collection cabinet, and the fire protection system includes a fire distribution box, a fire pump, a fire extinguishing agent storage tank, a fire control host, a fire detector, an acoustic light alarm, an exhaust no-entry lamp, an explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan, an electric louver, an explosion-proof pressure window, a manual / automatic conversion and emergency start / stop device, a fire alarm bell, an electromagnetic valve assembly, a fire pipeline, a suppressant discharge head, etc. Among them, the fire distribution box, the fire pump, the fire extinguishing agent storage tank, and the fire control host are generally placed in the fire extinguishing suppression cabinet. Based on the composition of the above energy storage container structure, the present invention uses two kinds of fire extinguishing agents, namely municipal tap water and perfluorohexanone, to respectively realize water fire fighting in the battery box and perfluorohexanone fire fighting in the battery box. Since two different kinds of fire extinguishing agents are adopted, the fire extinguishing agent storage tank is divided into a water storage tank and a perfluorohexanone storage tank.

[0064] The inside of the energy storage container can be divided into three cabins: a fire cabin 8, a power distribution cabin 9, and a battery cabin 10. The cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire protection network is composed of a space pipeline solenoid valve 1, a cabin-class fire detector 2, a first-class fire suppressant pipeline 3, a perfluorohexanone discharge head 4, a cluster-class fire detector 5, a first-class fire communication pipeline 6, and a first-class partition solenoid valve 7. The cabin-class prevention control and the cluster-class prevention control share the perfluorohexanone fire protection pipeline and the discharge head. The cabin-class prevention control is respectively arranged with a cabin-class fire detector 2 at the top of the space of the fire cabin 8, the power distribution cabin 9, and the battery cabin 10, and is used to detect and detect the flammable gases (CO, H) released by the early thermal runaway of the lithium battery. 2It can detect VOCs, temperature, and fumes to accurately determine which cabin is on fire and immerse the entire compartment in water to extinguish the fire by activating perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent through a linked fire pump.

[0065] The PACK-class water firefighting pipe network is composed of a second-class division solenoid valve 11, a second-class fire communication pipe 12, a second-class fire suppressant pipe 13, a battery box control valve 14, a water sprinkling discharge head 15, and a PACK-class fire detector 16. The PACK-class water firefighting pipe network is set up independently of the cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone firefighting pipe networks, and one PACK-class fire detector 16 is set up inside each battery box of the battery cabinet, and the water sprinkling discharge head 15 is set up on the battery box panel, and the firefighting water is sprayed into the battery box through the water sprinkling discharge head, which acts directly on the thermal runaway battery, and forms an inert environment inside the box through a target shower method, quickly and effectively extinguishing the initial fire.

[0066] The fire extinguishing system and fire pre-alarm control method proposed by the present invention implement a graded pre-alarm mechanism based on the progression of battery thermal runaway, adopt a multi-level fire control strategy, and realize the linked control of the pre-alarm information with the BMS, PCS, smoke exhaust, air exhaust, audio-visual alarm, and high-voltage electrical switch through the fire control host, so as to quickly extinguish the fire while ensuring safety.

[0067] The fire alarm grade and triggering conditions are shown in FIG. 5, and the control logic flow chart is shown in FIG. 4, which is specifically described as follows:

[0068] (1) The fire extinguishing system is in automatic control state (default state), and at least one of the PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors is monitored to detect that the battery thermal runaway feature exceeds the standard, triggering the first-class alarm threshold, i.e., H 2 When the concentration is > (200 ± 30) ppm or the CO concentration is > (190 ± 15) ppm, the fire control host will immediately upload the preliminary alarm information to the fire control room monitoring platform, and the local display control unit will highlight and display the relevant exceeding parameters to remind the person on duty.

[0069] (2) When at least two of the PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors monitor that the battery thermal runaway characteristic value continues to exceed the standard, the second level alarm threshold is triggered, i.e., H 2 When the concentration is >(500±50) ppm and the CO concentration is >(490±30) ppm and the VOC concentration is >(1000±100) ppm and a smoke / mist alarm occurs, the fire control host will start the smoke exhaust fan and the electric louvers in tandem to perform exhaust ventilation, quickly exhaust the combustible gas in the battery cabin to outside the cabin, reduce the gas explosion concentration, and tandemly control the power reduction processing of the BMS and PCS to limit the discharge power output or the charge power input.

[0070] (3) If the battery thermal runaway continues to progress while triggering the Class 2 alarm, and the fire detector simultaneously monitors whether the temperature of the battery box or battery cabin is greater than (80±2)℃ and the temperature rise is greater than 1℃ / sec, that is, if it triggers the Class 3 alarm threshold, the fire control host will turn off the smoke exhaust fan and the electric louver in conjunction with each other, link the BMS to cut off the cluster-level and cabin-level high-voltage relays, start the backup power supply, link the PCS to stop the equipment, start the acoustic and optical alarm, turn on the exhaust no-entry lamp, and after a 30-second delay, open the control valve of the battery box where the thermal runaway has occurred and the waterway partition solenoid valve of the battery cluster where the battery box is located, and at the same time open the space duct solenoid valve and the airway partition solenoid valve of the battery cluster where the battery box where the thermal runaway has occurred, start the fire pump, extract the fire water from the water tank and inject it into the battery box where the thermal runaway has occurred, perform PACK-level fire extinguishing, and extract the perfluorohexanone from the liquid tank and spray it into the battery cabin, perform space-level fire extinguishing.

[0071] (4) Based on the electrochemical reaction mechanism inside the lithium iron phosphate battery, in order to prevent secondary re-ignition, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent inside the battery cabin is sprayed three times, with 40% of the agent sprayed the first time, 30% of the agent sprayed the second time, and the remaining 30% of the agent sprayed the third time, with an interval of 15 minutes between each spray.

[0072] (5) The manual / automatic conversion and emergency start / stop device installed on the outer wall of the container allows the fire extinguishing system to be put into manual control state for manual intervention. When a fire is manually discovered, the fire pre-alarm and shower operation can be directly started by manually pressing the emergency start button, and during the delay stage of the fire pre-alarm and shower operation or the fire extinguishing start stage, the fire extinguishing operation can be terminated through the stop button.

[0073] In response to the current energy storage container fire fighting system only having a single battery thermal runaway detection amount, and the extinguishing agent and fire control strategy cannot effectively solve the problems of battery re-burning, this invention proposes a fire fighting extinguishing system and fire pre-alarm control method for energy storage containers, which realizes full diffusion perfusion type PACK-class water fire fighting and full submersion type space-class perfluorohexanone fire fighting by jointly monitoring smoke temperature sensing and multiple combustible gases, jointly using multiple component extinguishing agents, and using graded pre-alarm, linked control, block arrangement and centralized control methods of multiple control strategies, thoroughly blocking the expansion of thermal runaway and effectively solving the problems of battery temperature drop and secondary re-burning.

[0074] 1. The fire extinguishing system and the fire preliminary alarm control method proposed in the present invention can detect smoke, temperature, CO, H 2 The five types of thermal runaway characteristics of VOCs were set as important conditions for detecting fire situations and early warning in energy storage containers, thereby realizing early detection and accurate monitoring of battery system fires.

[0075] 2. The fire extinguishing system and fire preliminary alarm control method proposed in this invention adopt a three-level fire prevention control design and a graded preliminary alarm control plan, which respectively include PACK-level (battery box-level) prevention control and fire preliminary alarm, cluster-level prevention control and fire preliminary alarm, and cabin-level prevention control and fire preliminary alarm, and provides comprehensive fire protection for the energy storage container by using the method of graded layout and centralized control.

[0076] 3. The fire extinguishing system and fire pre-alarm control method proposed in this invention combine the use of multiple component fire extinguishing agents, and through a fire control strategy, municipal tap water is directly injected into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, and perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent is sprayed into the battery box, thereby realizing full-diffusion perfusion type PACK-class water fire extinguishing and full-submersion type space-class perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing.

[0077] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and changed in various ways. Any amendments, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0078] 1. Space duct solenoid valve 2 Cabin class fire detector 3. Class 1 fire suppressant pipeline 4 Perfluorohexanone discharge head 5 Cluster class fire detector 6 Class 1 Fire Communication Pipeline 7 Class 1 compartment solenoid valve 8. Fire Cabin 9 Power Distribution Cabin 10 Battery Cabin 11 Class 2 compartment solenoid valve 12 Class 2 Fire Communication Pipeline 13 Class 2 fire retardant pipeline 14 Battery box control valve 15 Water spray head 16 PACK class fire detector

Claims

1. 1. A fire extinguishing system for use with an energy storage container, comprising: The fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container is a fire extinguishing system that uses a plurality of component extinguishing agents in combination, and the fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container is a classification type fire extinguishing system; The fire extinguishing system used in the energy storage container includes a fire control host, a cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing subsystem, and a PACK (Battery Pack)-class water fire extinguishing subsystem; The cluster-level and cabin-level perfluorohexanone fire fighting subsystem includes: a cabin-level fire detector arranged in the energy storage container to realize cabin-level fire fighting within the energy storage container; a cluster-level fire detector arranged in the energy storage container and corresponding to the battery cluster to realize cluster-level fire fighting for the battery cluster; and a perfluorohexanone discharge head for dispersing perfluorohexanone, the perfluorohexanone discharge head is for achieving partition-type total submersion extinguishing of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent in the energy storage container; the cabin-level fire detector and the cluster-level fire detector are respectively signal-connected to the fire fighting control host; The PACK-class water firefighting subsystem is installed in a battery box, and includes a PACK-class fire detector for realizing PACK-class fire detection inside the battery box, and a water spraying head for spraying municipal tap water, the water spraying head is installed in the battery box, and the PACK-class fire detector is signal-connected to the fire control host; The fire control host is used to realize spray control of the perfluorohexanone discharge head and the water spray discharge head. A fire suppression system for use in an energy storage container.

2. The cluster-class and cabin-class perfluorohexanone fire protection subsystems include a perfluorohexanone storage tank for loading perfluorohexanone, and a first-class fire suppressant pipeline for connecting the perfluorohexanone storage tank and the perfluorohexanone discharge head, wherein a first-class branch pipe is provided in the first-class fire suppressant pipeline, the perfluorohexanone discharge head is provided in the first-class branch pipe, a first-class partition solenoid valve is provided in the first-class branch pipe, and the first-class partition solenoid valve is control-connected to the fire control host. A fire suppression system for use with the energy storage container of claim 1.

3. The first-class fire suppressant pipeline is provided with a space pipeline solenoid valve, and the space pipeline solenoid valve is control-connected to the fire control host. A fire extinguishing system for use with the energy storage container of claim 2.

4. The cabin-class fire detector and the cluster-class fire detector are signal-connected to the fire control host through a first-class fire communication pipe; The energy storage container is provided with three cabins, which are a fire cabin, a power distribution cabin, and a battery cabin, and at least one cabin-class fire detector is provided at the inner top of the energy storage container corresponding to each of the cabins; The energy storage container is provided with a plurality of functional cabinets, which are a fire suppression cabinet, a flow collecting cabinet, a high-pressure cabinet, and a plurality of battery cabinets, and at least one cluster-class fire detector is provided on the outer side of the upper gate frame of the main gate of the cabinet body corresponding to each of the battery cabinets. A fire extinguishing system for use with the energy storage container of claim 3.

5. One of the first-class branch pipes is provided with one of the perfluorohexanone discharge heads and one of the first-class partition solenoid valves to form one cabin-class firefighting unit; The cabin-class firefighting unit is provided in plurality, and all of the cabin-class firefighting units are provided in parallel on the first-class fire suppressant pipeline, and at least one cabin-class firefighting unit is provided corresponding to the collection cabinet, the high-pressure cabinet, and the battery cabinet. A fire extinguishing system for use with the energy storage container of claim 4.

6. The PACK class water firefighting subsystem includes a water storage tank for storing municipal tap water, and a second class fire suppressant pipeline for connecting the water storage tank and the sprinkler discharge head, the second class fire suppressant pipeline is provided with a second class branch pipe, the sprinkler discharge head is provided on the second class branch pipe, the second class branch pipe is provided with a second class partition solenoid valve, and the second class partition solenoid valve is control-connected to the fire control host; A fire suppression system for use with the energy storage container of claim 1.

7. The second-class fire suppressant pipeline is provided with a second-class partition solenoid valve that is control-connected to the fire control host; The PACK class fire detector is signal-connected to the fire control host through a second-class fire communication line; A fire extinguishing system for use with the energy storage container of claim 6.

8. One of the second-class branch pipes is provided with one of the sprinkler discharge heads and one battery box control valve to form one PACK-class firefighting unit; The PACK class fire fighting unit is provided in plurality, all of the PACK class fire fighting units are provided in parallel on the second-class fire suppressant pipeline, and at least one PACK class fire fighting unit is provided for each battery box. A fire extinguishing system for use with the energy storage container of claim 6.

9. 1. A fire pre-alarm control method for use in an energy storage container, comprising: A fire extinguishing system for use with an energy storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used to perform fire monitoring and fire extinguishing, The fire pre-alarm control method for the energy storage container is characterized in that it adopts a graded pre-alarm mechanism, and performs a full diffusion perfusion type PACK-class water fire fighting and a full submersion type space-class perfluorohexanone fire fighting for the energy storage container through a multi-level fire fighting control strategy. A fire pre-alarm control method for use with an energy storage container.

10. Step 1: acquiring a monitoring signal from each detector, and triggering a first-class alarm and performing a first-class firefighting operation when at least one of the PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors monitors that a battery thermal runaway feature value exceeds a standard; Step 2: continuously acquiring monitoring signals from each detector, and triggering a Class 2 alarm and performing Class 2 firefighting action when it is detected that at least two of the PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors have battery thermal runaway features that continue to exceed the standard; Step 3 includes continuously acquiring monitoring signals from each detector, and triggering a Class 2 alarm and performing Class 3 firefighting action if the battery thermal runaway continues to progress while the Class 2 alarm is triggered; The first level of firefighting operation is that the fire control host uploads preliminary alarm information to the fire control room monitoring platform, and the local display control unit focuses on displaying relevant exceeding parameters; The second level fire fighting operation is that the fire control host activates the smoke exhaust fan and the electric louver of the energy storage container in conjunction with each other to perform exhaust ventilation, and links the BMS and PCS power reduction processing to limit the discharge power output or the charge power input; The third-level firefighting operation is characterized in that the fire control host turns off the smoke exhaust fan and the electric louver in tandem, shuts off the cluster-level and cabin-level high-voltage relays in tandem with the BMS, starts up the standby power supply, and shuts off the equipment in tandem with the PCS, and performs PACK-level firefighting and space-level firefighting. A fire pre-alarm control method for use with the energy storage container of claim 9.

11. Step 1: Obtaining a monitoring signal from each detector, and when a certain fire detector among PACK-class, cluster-class, and cabin-class fire detectors monitors that a battery thermal runaway feature value exceeds a standard, i.e., exceeds a first-class alarm threshold, triggering a first-class alarm and performing a first-class firefighting operation; Step 2: continuously acquiring the monitoring signal of each detector, and when it is monitored that the battery thermal runaway feature value of a certain fire detector among the PACK class, cluster class, and cabin class fire detectors continues to exceed the standard, i.e., when it exceeds the second-class alarm threshold, triggering a second-class alarm and performing a second-class firefighting operation; Step 3 includes continuously acquiring monitoring signals from each detector, and triggering a Class 2 alarm and performing Class 3 firefighting action if the battery thermal runaway continues to progress while the Class 2 alarm is triggered; The first-class alarm threshold is H ２ The second alarm threshold is H ２ A concentration alarm threshold, a CO concentration alarm threshold, and a VOC concentration alarm threshold. A fire prevention warning control method for use with the energy storage container according to claim 9.

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