Dispersant for lithium ion batteries containing non-aqueous electrolyte, liquid composition, electrode, and electrochemical device, as well as method for producing electrode and method for producing electrochemical device

Abstract

To provide an electrode material capable of obtaining a liquid composition having excellent dispersibility and stability while suppressing adverse effects on electrochemical properties.SOLUTION: In an electrode material, either a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group or a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group and either an alkyl group or an alkylene glycol ether group are bonded via a carbonyl group.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to Dispersant for lithium-ion batteries containing non-aqueous electrolyte The present invention relates to a liquid composition, an electrode, an electrochemical device, a method for producing an electrode, and a method for producing an electrochemical device. [Background technology]

[0002] Demand for electrochemical elements, including lithium-ion secondary batteries, is expanding as they are installed in portable devices, hybrid cars, electric cars, etc. In addition, there is an increasing need for thin batteries to be installed in various wearable devices and medical patches, and the requirements for electrochemical elements are becoming more diverse.

[0003] Conventionally, as a method for manufacturing an electrode constituting an electrochemical element, a method for forming an electrode mixture layer on an electrode substrate by applying a liquid composition using, for example, a die coater, a comma coater, a reverse roll coater, etc. For example, an electrode mixture layer is formed by screen printing a liquid composition for the electrode mixture layer on an electrode substrate.

[0004] However, in order to screen print in a shape that meets the needs, a plate needs to be prepared for each need. Therefore, a method of forming an electrode mixture layer by discharging a liquid composition for the electrode mixture layer onto an electrode substrate using a liquid discharge device has been studied (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0005] The liquid ejection method is a method of ejecting fine droplets of a liquid composition from an ejection hole of a liquid ejection head. As a method of ejecting droplets from a liquid ejection head, a piezo method, a thermal method, a valve method, etc. are known. Among these, the piezo method can precisely control the ejection amount of the liquid composition by controlling the voltage, and since it does not require heating, it is less affected by the usage environment and has high durability. From the viewpoints of storage stability and ejection stability, liquid compositions that can be ejected by liquid ejection methods generally have a viscosity of several mPa·s to several hundred mPa·s at 25° C., and therefore must have a lower viscosity than conventional liquid compositions at 25° C. In particular, when using a piezoelectric liquid ejection head, the viscosity and surface tension of the liquid composition must be adjusted to appropriate values ​​in order to improve the ejection stability. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The liquid composition to be discharged by such a liquid discharge method is formed from, for example, an active material, a conductive assistant, a binder, as well as a dispersant, a solvent, etc. necessary for stably maintaining the liquid composition to be discharged. However, materials such as dispersants and solvents necessary to stably maintain the liquid composition are no longer necessary after the liquid composition is applied to a substrate, and there is even a concern that unexpected electrochemical reactions and degradation products may adversely affect the characteristics of the electrochemical element within the element.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode material that can provide a liquid composition having excellent dispersibility and stability while suppressing adverse effects on electrochemical properties. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present invention provides a method for solving the above problems. Dispersant for lithium-ion batteries containing non-aqueous electrolyte is a compound in which either a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group or a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group is bonded to either an alkyl group or an alkylene glycol ether group via a carbonyl group. and is represented by the following general formula (I): do. [ka] In the general formula (I), Ar represents either a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group or a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group, and the aryl group and the heteroaryl group may be further substituted with a substituent. 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R4 and R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; X and Y represent an oxygen atom; and m and n are positive integers. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an electrode material that can obtain a liquid composition having excellent dispersibility and stability while suppressing adverse effects on electrochemical properties. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a negative electrode used in the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a method for producing the negative electrode used in the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the method for producing the negative electrode used in the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the liquid ejection device of FIGS. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the positive electrode used in the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an electrode element constituting the electrochemical device of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the electrochemical device of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the electrochemical stability in the examples and comparative examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] (electrode material) In the electrode material of the present invention, either a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group or a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group is bonded to either an alkyl group or an alkylene glycol ether group via a carbonyl group.

[0012] The electrode material is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned structure and can be used to prepare an electrode, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but is preferably at least one of a dispersant and a binder.

[0013] -Dispersant- A dispersant is a compound that can disperse and stably retain various materials in a liquid composition to be ejected, and is suitably used as a dispersant in a liquid composition containing an active material, an insulating material, an electrolyte material, etc.

[0014] -binder- The binder is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can bind negative electrode materials together, positive electrode materials together, a negative electrode material and an electrode base for a negative electrode, or a positive electrode material and an electrode base for a positive electrode. From the viewpoint of suppressing nozzle clogging in ejection from an inkjet head nozzle, however, a compound that does not easily increase the viscosity of the liquid composition is preferred.

[0015] The monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group in the electrode material may be either a condensed polycyclic group or a non-condensed polycyclic group, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, an azulenyl group, an anthryl group, a triphenylenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group. Furthermore, examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, an indolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenazinyl group, and a carbazolyl group.

[0016] The alkyl group is preferably one having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a 2-butyloctyl group, and an octadecyl group.

[0017] The alkylene glycol ether group is represented by the following general formula (a). [General formula (a)] -(RO) n - (In the general formula (a), R is an alkylene group, and n is an integer of 3 or more.)

[0018] Examples of the alkylene group include a straight-chain alkylene group, a branched alkylene group, and a cycloalkylene group.

[0019] Examples of the straight-chain alkylene group include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, an n-butylene group, and an n-pentylene group.

[0020] The branched alkylene group is a group in which at least one hydrogen atom of the linear alkylene group is substituted with an alkyl group. Examples of the branched alkylene group include a methylmethylene group, an ethylmethylene group, a propylmethylene group, a butylmethylene group, a methylethylene group, an ethylethylene group, a propylethylene group, a methylpropylene group, a 2-ethylpropylene group, a dimethylpropylene group, and a methylbutylene group.

[0021] Examples of the cycloalkylene group include a monocyclic cycloalkylene group, a bridged ring cycloalkylene group, and a condensed ring cycloalkylene group. Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkylene group include a cyclopentylene group.

[0022] The electrode material is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (I).

[0023] [ka]

[0024] In the general formula (I), Ar represents either a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group or a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group, and the aryl group and the heteroaryl group may be further substituted with a substituent. 1 , R 2 , R3 , R 4 and R 5 Each of X and Y independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group. Each of X and Y independently represents a single bond, an oxygen atom, -(CH2) p - and -(CH2) p CH- (wherein p is an integer of 1 to 10). Each of m and n is a positive integer, and it is preferable that m is 1-10 and n is 1-200.

[0025] R in the above general formula (I) 1 From R 5 In terms of availability of raw materials, the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group in is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be either a straight chain or a branched chain.

[0026] Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a 2-butyloctyl group, and an octadecyl group.

[0027] R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 As the substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group in the above formula, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable, and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms is more preferable, from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials.

[0028] The cycloalkyl group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0029] Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and an adamantyl group.

[0030] R 1 From R 6 The substituent in is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and examples thereof include a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, etc. A plurality of the same groups or a plurality of different groups may be introduced as these substituents.

[0031] The monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group represented by Ar in the general formula (I) may be any of a condensed polycyclic group and a non-condensed polycyclic group, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, an azulenyl group, an anthryl group, a triphenylenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group. Furthermore, examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, an indolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenazinyl group, and a carbazolyl group.

[0032] Methods for synthesizing the compound represented by the above general formula (I) include a method of carrying out an esterification reaction between an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative and an alcohol compound, and a method of carrying out a Friedel-Crafts reaction between an aromatic compound and an acid halide.

[0033] Examples of the compound represented by the above general formula (I) include the following. The compound represented by the above general formula (I) is not limited to these. However, n is an integer of 1 or more.

[0034] [ka]

[0035] [ka]

[0036] [ka]

[0037] [ka]

[0038] (liquid composition) The liquid composition of the present invention contains the electrode material of the present invention, a solvent, and an active material, and further contains other components as necessary.

[0039] <Solvent> The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse the active material, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and examples thereof include water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, cyclohexanone, acetate, mesitylene, 2-n-butoxymethanol, 2-dimethylethanol, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, lactate, tetramethylurea, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0040] <Active material> As the active material, a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material that can be applied to an electrochemical element can be used.

[0041] The positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of reversibly absorbing and releasing alkali metal ions, and an alkali metal-containing transition metal compound can be used.

[0042] Examples of the alkali metal-containing transition metal compound include lithium-containing transition metal compounds such as composite oxides containing lithium and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, nickel, chromium, iron, and vanadium.

[0043] Examples of the lithium-containing transition metal compound include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, and lithium manganese oxide.

[0044] As the alkali metal-containing transition metal compound, a polyanion-based compound having an XO4 tetrahedron (X=P, S, As, Mo, W, Si, etc.) in the crystal structure can also be used. Among these, lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compounds such as lithium iron phosphate and lithium vanadium phosphate are preferred in terms of cycle characteristics, and lithium vanadium phosphate is particularly preferred in terms of lithium diffusion coefficient and input / output characteristics of electrochemical elements.

[0045] From the viewpoint of electronic conductivity, the polyanion-based compound is preferably composited by coating the surface with a conductive assistant such as a carbon material.

[0046] The negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of reversibly absorbing and releasing alkali metal ions, but a carbon material containing graphite having a graphite-type crystal structure can be used.

[0047] Examples of carbon materials include natural graphite, artificial graphite, non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), and easily graphitizable carbon (soft carbon).

[0048] Examples of negative electrode active materials other than carbon materials include lithium titanate and titanium oxide.

[0049] From the viewpoint of the energy density of the electrochemical element, it is preferable to use, as the negative electrode active material, a high-capacity material such as silicon, tin, a silicon alloy, a tin alloy, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or tin oxide.

[0050] In addition, when the active material contains lithium, the solvent is preferably a non-aqueous solvent. In this case, the content of water in the liquid composition is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less. When the content of water in the liquid composition is 5% by mass or less, the lithium contained in the active material reacts with water to form a compound such as lithium carbonate, which can prevent the discharge capacity of the electrochemical device from decreasing. In addition, the compound such as lithium carbonate can be decomposed during charging and discharging of the electrochemical device to prevent gas generation.

[0051] The mode diameter of the active material is preferably 3 μm or less, and more preferably 1 μm or less. When the mode diameter of the active material is 3 μm or less, the ejection stability and storage stability of the liquid composition are improved.

[0052] Cumulative 10% volume particle diameter of active material (D 10 ) is preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 0.15 μm or more. 10 When the particle size is 0.1 μm or more, the storage stability of the liquid composition is improved.

[0053] The content of the active material in the liquid composition is preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 15% by mass or more. When the content of the active material in the liquid composition is 10% by mass or more, the number of printing cycles required to form an electrode mixture layer with a predetermined basis weight is reduced.

[0054] <Other ingredients> Examples of other components include binders other than the electrode materials, conductive assistants, insulating materials, and electrolyte materials.

[0055] -Binders other than the above electrode materials- As the binder other than the electrode material, a polymer compound dissolved in a solvent, a polymer compound dispersed in a solvent, a monomer compound, etc. can be used. After applying a liquid composition containing the monomer compound by an inkjet method, the monomer compound is polymerized. The monomer compound preferably contains, for example, one or more molecules having a polymerizable site, and can bond electrode materials to each other and the electrode material to the electrode substrate by the progress of polymerization at 25°C.

[0056] The polymer compound that dissolves in the solvent may have a viscosity that allows inkjet printing after dissolution or less. The polymer compound is not particularly limited as long as the binding property is ensured at the above-mentioned viscosity or less, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, and examples thereof include polyamide compounds, polyimide compounds, polyamideimide compounds, ethylene-propylene-butadiene rubber (EPBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), isoprene rubber, polyethylene glycol (PEO), etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0057] Polymer particles may be used as a binder to prevent the viscosity of the liquid composition from increasing. In this case, the polymer particles should have an average particle size smaller than the nozzle diameter of the inkjet head, and preferably have an average particle size of 0.01 μm or more and 1 μm or less. Examples of materials constituting the polymer particles include polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylic resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0058] -Conductive additive- As the conductive assistant, for example, a carbon material such as conductive carbon black, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, graphene, graphite particles, etc. can be used. As described above, the conductive assistant may be compounded with the active material.

[0059] The conductive carbon black can be produced, for example, by a furnace method, an acetylene method, a gasification method, or the like.

[0060] As the conductive assistant other than the carbon material, for example, metal particles such as aluminum, metal fibers, etc. can be used.

[0061] The mass ratio of the conductive assistant to the active material is preferably 10 mass % or less, and more preferably 8 mass % or less. When the mass ratio of the conductive assistant to the active material is 10 mass % or less, the storage stability of the liquid composition of this embodiment is improved.

[0062] The viscosity of the liquid composition at 25° C. is preferably 200 mPa·s or less, and more preferably 100 mPa·s or less. When the viscosity of the liquid composition at 25° C. is 200 mPa·s or less, the ejection stability of the liquid composition is improved. The lower limit of the viscosity of the liquid composition at 25° C. is not particularly limited, and is the viscosity of the solvent alone. The viscosity of the liquid composition can be measured, for example, using a TV25 viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 100 rpm and a temperature of 25°C.

[0063] The liquid composition can be produced by dissolving or dispersing a composition containing the electrode material of the present invention and an active material in a solvent.

[0064] The liquid composition herein can be used for producing an electrode for an electrochemical device. The electrochemical element is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of storing electricity, and examples thereof include batteries and capacitors.

[0065] (Electrode manufacturing method) The method for producing an electrode of the present invention includes a step of discharging the liquid composition of the present invention onto an electrode substrate, and further includes other steps as necessary. The method for producing an electrode preferably further comprises the step of pressurizing the electrode substrate onto which the liquid composition has been discharged, thereby making it difficult for the components constituting the electrode mixture layer to peel off, thereby improving the reliability of the electrochemical element.

[0066] There are no particular limitations on the material constituting the electrode substrate (current collector) so long as it is conductive and stable to the applied potential.

[0067] <Negative electrode> FIG. 1 shows an example of the negative electrode used in the present invention. Negative electrode 10 has a negative electrode substrate 11 and a negative electrode mixture layer 12 containing a negative electrode active material and the electrode material of the present invention formed on one surface of the negative electrode substrate 11 . Negative electrode mixture layer 12 may be formed on both sides of negative electrode substrate 11 .

[0068] The shape of the negative electrode 10 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a flat plate shape.

[0069] Examples of materials constituting the negative electrode substrate 11 include stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, and copper.

[0070] <Method of manufacturing the negative electrode> FIG. 2 shows an example of a method for producing the negative electrode used in the present invention.

[0071] The method for producing the negative electrode 10 includes a step of discharging the liquid composition 12A onto the negative electrode substrate 11 using a liquid discharge device 300. Here, the liquid composition 12A contains the electrode material of the present invention, a negative electrode active material, and a solvent.

[0072] The liquid composition 12 A is stored in a tank 307 , and is supplied from the tank 307 to a liquid ejection head 306 via a tube 308 .

[0073] Furthermore, the liquid ejection device 300 may be provided with a mechanism for capping the nozzle when the liquid composition 12A is not being ejected from the liquid ejection head 306 in order to prevent the liquid composition 12A from drying out.

[0074] When manufacturing the negative electrode 10, the negative electrode substrate 11 is placed on a heatable stage 400, droplets of the liquid composition 12A are discharged onto the negative electrode substrate 11, and then the negative electrode substrate 11 is heated. At this time, the stage 400 or the liquid discharge head 306 may be moved.

[0075] Furthermore, when the liquid composition 12A discharged onto the negative electrode substrate 11 is heated, it may be heated by the stage 400 or may be heated by a heating mechanism other than the stage 400.

[0076] The heating mechanism is not particularly limited as long as it does not come into direct contact with the liquid composition 12A, and examples thereof include a resistance heater, an infrared heater, a fan heater, etc. Note that a plurality of heating mechanisms may be installed.

[0077] The heating temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the solvent can be volatilized, and is preferably in the range of 70°C to 150°C from the viewpoint of power consumption.

[0078] Furthermore, when the liquid composition 12A discharged onto the negative electrode substrate 11 is heated, it may be irradiated with ultraviolet light.

[0079] FIG. 3 shows another example of the method for producing a negative electrode in the present invention. The method for producing the negative electrode 10 includes a step of discharging the liquid composition 12A onto the negative electrode substrate 11 using a liquid discharge device 300.

[0080] First, an elongated negative electrode substrate 11 is prepared. Then, the negative electrode substrate 11 is wound around a cylindrical core, and set on a feed roller 304 and a take-up roller 305 so that the side on which the negative electrode composite layer 12 is formed is the upper side in FIG. 3. Here, the feed roller 304 and the take-up roller 305 rotate counterclockwise, and the negative electrode substrate 11 is transported from the right to the left in FIG. 3. Then, droplets of the liquid composition 12A are discharged onto the transported negative electrode substrate 11 from a liquid discharge head 306 installed above the negative electrode substrate 11 between the feed roller 304 and the take-up roller 305. The droplets of the liquid composition 12A are discharged so as to cover at least a part of the negative electrode substrate 11.

[0081] A plurality of liquid ejection heads 306 may be installed in a direction substantially parallel to or substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the negative electrode substrate 11 is transported.

[0082] Next, negative electrode substrate 11 onto which liquid composition 12A has been discharged is transported to heating mechanism 309 by delivery roller 304 and take-up roller 305. As a result, the solvent contained in liquid composition 12A on negative electrode substrate 11 volatilizes to form negative electrode composite layer 12, thereby obtaining negative electrode 10. Thereafter, negative electrode 10 is cut to a desired size by punching or the like.

[0083] There are no particular limitations on the heating mechanism 309 as long as it does not come into direct contact with the liquid composition 12A, and examples thereof include a resistance heater, an infrared heater, and a fan heater.

[0084] The heating mechanism 309 may be installed either above or below the negative electrode substrate 11, or a plurality of heating mechanisms may be installed.

[0085] The heating temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the solvent can be volatilized, and is preferably in the range of 70°C to 150°C from the viewpoint of power consumption.

[0086] Furthermore, when the liquid composition 12A discharged onto the negative electrode substrate 11 is heated, it may be irradiated with ultraviolet light.

[0087] FIG. 4 shows a modified example of the liquid ejection device 300. As shown in FIG. The liquid ejection device 300 ′ is capable of circulating the liquid composition 12 A through the liquid ejection head 306 , the tank 307 , and the tube 308 by controlling the pump 310 and the valves 311 and 312 .

[0088] In addition, the liquid ejection device 300' is provided with an external tank 313, and when the liquid composition 12A in the tank 307 decreases, it is also possible to supply the liquid composition 12A from the external tank 313 to the tank 307 by controlling the pump 310 and the valves 311, 312, and 314.

[0089] By using the liquid ejection devices 300 and 300', it is possible to eject the liquid composition 12A to a targeted location on the negative electrode substrate 11. In addition, by using the liquid ejection devices 300 and 300', it is possible to bond the contacting surfaces above and below the negative electrode substrate 11 and the negative electrode mixture layer 12. Furthermore, by using the liquid ejection devices 300 and 300', it is possible to make the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 12 uniform.

[0090] <Positive electrode> FIG. 5 shows an example of the positive electrode used in the present invention. In the positive electrode 20, a positive electrode mixture layer 22 containing a positive electrode active material and the electrode material of the present invention is formed on one side of a positive electrode substrate 21. The positive electrode mixture layer 22 may be formed on both sides of the positive electrode substrate 21.

[0091] The shape of the positive electrode 20 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a flat plate shape.

[0092] Examples of materials that can be used to form the positive electrode substrate 21 include stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, and tantalum.

[0093] <Manufacturing method of positive electrode> The method for producing the positive electrode 20 is the same as the method for producing the negative electrode 10, except that the liquid composition is discharged onto the positive electrode substrate 21. Here, the liquid composition contains a positive electrode active material, the electrode material of the present invention, and a solvent.

[0094] (Method of manufacturing electrochemical device) The method for producing an electrochemical device of the present invention includes the steps of the method for producing an electrode of the present invention, and further includes other steps as necessary.

[0095] <Electrode element> FIG. 6 shows an example of an electrode element constituting the electrochemical device of the present invention. In the electrode element 40, a negative electrode 15 and a positive electrode 25 are laminated with a separator 30 interposed therebetween. Here, the positive electrode 25 is laminated on both sides of the negative electrode 15. In addition, a lead wire 41 is connected to the negative electrode substrate 11, and a lead wire 42 is connected to the positive electrode substrate 21.

[0096] Negative electrode 15 is similar to negative electrode 10 except that negative electrode mixture layer 12 is formed on both sides of negative electrode substrate 11 .

[0097] Positive electrode 25 is similar to positive electrode 20 except that positive electrode mixture layers 22 are formed on both sides of positive electrode substrate 21 . The number of layers of the negative electrodes 15 and the positive electrodes 25 of the electrode element 40 is not particularly limited.

[0098] Furthermore, the number of negative electrodes 15 and the number of positive electrodes 25 in the electrode element 40 may be the same or different.

[0099] <separator> The separator 30 is provided between the negative electrode 15 and the positive electrode 25 to prevent a short circuit between the negative electrode 15 and the positive electrode 25 .

[0100] Examples of the separator 30 include paper such as kraft paper, vinylon-mixed paper, and synthetic pulp-mixed paper, cellophane, polyethylene graft membrane, polyolefin nonwoven fabric such as polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric, polyamide nonwoven fabric, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, and micropore membrane.

[0101] There is no particular limitation on the size of the separator 30 as long as it can be used in an electrochemical element. The separator 30 may have a single layer structure or a laminate structure. When a solid electrolyte is used, the separator 30 can be omitted.

[0102] <Electrochemical element> FIG. 7 shows a secondary battery as an example of the electrochemical device of the present invention.

[0103] In the secondary battery 1, an electrolyte layer 51 is formed by injecting an electrolyte aqueous solution or a non-aqueous electrolyte into the electrode element 40, and the secondary battery 1 is sealed with an exterior case 52. In the secondary battery 1, the lead wires 41 and 42 are led out to the outside of the exterior case 52.

[0104] The secondary battery 1 may include other components as necessary. The secondary battery 1 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery.

[0105] The shape of the secondary battery 1 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a laminate type, a cylinder type in which a sheet electrode and a separator are spirally wound, a cylinder type with an inside-out structure in which a pellet electrode and a separator are combined, and a coin type in which pellet electrodes and a separator are stacked.

[0106] <Aqueous electrolyte solution> Examples of electrolyte salts constituting the aqueous electrolyte solution include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, zinc tartrate, and zinc perchlorate.

[0107] <Non-aqueous electrolyte> As the non-aqueous electrolyte, a solid electrolyte or a non-aqueous electrolyte solution can be used. Here, the non-aqueous electrolyte is an electrolyte in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.

[0108] -Non-aqueous solvent- The non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but it is preferable to use, for example, an aprotic organic solvent.

[0109] As the aprotic organic solvent, for example, a carbonate-based organic solvent such as a chain carbonate, a cyclic carbonate, etc. Among these, a chain carbonate is preferred because of its high dissolving power for the electrolyte salt. In addition, the aprotic organic solvent preferably has a low viscosity.

[0110] Examples of the chain carbonate include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC).

[0111] The content of the chain carbonate in the non-aqueous solvent is preferably 50% by mass or more. When the content of the chain carbonate in the non-aqueous solvent is 50% by mass or more, the content of the cyclic substance is small even if the non-aqueous solvent other than the chain carbonate is a cyclic substance with a high dielectric constant (e.g., a cyclic carbonate, a cyclic ester). Therefore, even if a non-aqueous electrolyte solution with a high concentration of 2 mol / L (M) or more is prepared, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is low, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution penetrates into the electrode and ions diffuse well.

[0112] Examples of cyclic carbonates include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC).

[0113] Examples of non-aqueous solvents other than carbonate-based organic solvents include ester-based organic solvents such as cyclic esters and chain esters, and ether-based organic solvents such as cyclic ethers and chain ethers.

[0114] Examples of cyclic esters include γ-butyrolactone (γBL), 2-methyl-γ-butyrolactone, acetyl-γ-butyrolactone, and γ-valerolactone.

[0115] Examples of chain esters include alkyl propionates, dialkyl malonates, alkyl acetates (eg, methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate), and alkyl formates (eg, methyl formate (MF), ethyl formate).

[0116] Examples of cyclic ethers include tetrahydrofuran, alkyltetrahydrofuran, alkoxytetrahydrofuran, dialkoxytetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, alkyl-1,3-dioxolane, and 1,4-dioxolane.

[0117] Examples of the chain ether include 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, and diethylene glycol dialkyl ether ether.

[0118] <Electrolyte salt> There are no particular limitations on the electrolyte salt, so long as it has high ionic conductivity and is soluble in a non-aqueous solvent. The electrolyte salt preferably contains a halogen atom.

[0119] Examples of cations constituting the electrolyte salt include lithium ions.

[0120] The anion constituting the electrolyte salt is, for example, BF4 - , PF6 - , AsF6 - , CF3SO3 - , (CF3SO2)2N - , (C2F5SO2)2N - etc.

[0121] The lithium salt is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium borofluoride (LiBF4), lithium arsenic hexafluoride (LiAsF6), lithium trifluoromethasulfonate (LiCF3SO3), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiN(CF3SO2)2), lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (LiN(C2F5SO2)2) and the like can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, LiPF6 is preferred from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity, and LiBF4 is preferred from the viewpoint of stability.

[0122] The concentration of the electrolyte salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but when the nonaqueous electrochemical device is of a swing type, it is preferably from 1 mol / L to 2 mol / L, and when the nonaqueous electrochemical device is of a reserve type, it is preferably from 2 mol / L to 4 mol / L.

[0123] <Applications of electrochemical elements> The uses of the electrochemical element are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples include notebook computers, pen-input computers, mobile computers, electronic book players, mobile phones, portable fax machines, portable copiers, portable printers, headphone stereos, video movie machines, liquid crystal televisions, handheld cleaners, portable CDs, mini discs, transceivers, electronic organizers, calculators, memory cards, portable tape recorders, radios, backup power sources, motors, lighting equipment, toys, game equipment, clocks, strobes, cameras, etc. EXAMPLES

[0124] Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0125] In the following examples, the particle size distribution of the active material, and the viscosity and particle size distribution of the liquid composition were measured by the following methods.

[0126] <Particle size distribution of active material> After dispersing the active material in water, the particle size distribution of the active material was measured at a temperature of 25° C. using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Mastersizer 3000, manufactured by Malvern Instruments).

[0127] <Viscosity of liquid composition> The viscosity of the liquid composition was measured using a TV25 viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 100 rpm and a temperature of 25°C.

[0128] <Particle size distribution of liquid composition> The particle size distribution of the liquid composition was measured at 25° C. using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Mastersizer 3000, manufactured by Malvern Instruments).

[0129] (Production Example 1 of Positive Electrode Active Material) -Production of Positive Electrode Active Material 1- Vanadium pentoxide, lithium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, sucrose, and water were mixed to generate a precipitate, which was spray-dried using a spray dryer and then pulverized using a jet mill to obtain a precursor of lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) particles. Next, the precursor of lithium vanadium phosphate particles was calcined at 900°C under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain lithium vanadium phosphate particles with a carbon content of 3% by mass. Next, the cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 The lithium vanadium phosphate particles were pulverized by a jet mill so that the mode diameter became less than 3 μm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode active material 1. The obtained positive electrode active material 1 had a mode diameter of 0.7 μm.

[0130] (Production Example 2 of Positive Electrode Active Material) -Production of Positive Electrode Active Material 2- In the positive electrode active material manufacturing example 1, instead of lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) particles, a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90A positive electrode active material 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Positive Electrode Active Material Production Example 1, except that lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) particles (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Corp.) were crushed by a jet mill so that the mode diameter was less than 3 μm. The obtained positive electrode active material 2 had a mode diameter of 0.6 μm.

[0131] (Production Example 3 of Positive Electrode Active Material) -Production of Positive Electrode Active Material 3- In the positive electrode active material manufacturing example 1, instead of lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) particles, a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 A positive electrode active material 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Positive Electrode Active Material Production Example 1, except that lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) particles (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Corp.) were crushed by a jet mill so that the mode diameter was less than 3 μm. The obtained positive electrode active material 3 had a mode diameter of 0.9 μm.

[0132] (Production Example 4 of Positive Electrode Active Material) -Production of Positive Electrode Active Material 4- In the positive electrode active material manufacturing example 1, instead of lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) particles, a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 The thickness of the lithium nickel oxide (LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 Except for using O2) particles (Sigma-Aldrich) crushed by a jet mill, positive electrode active material 4 was obtained in the same manner as in positive electrode active material production example 1. The obtained positive electrode active material 4 had a mode diameter of 1.2 μm.

[0133] (Production Example 5 of Positive Electrode Active Material) -Production of Positive Electrode Active Material 5- In the positive electrode active material manufacturing example 1, instead of lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) particles, a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 The thickness of the Ni-Mn-Co alloy (LiNi 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3Except for using O2) particles (Sigma-Aldrich) crushed by a jet mill, the procedure was the same as in Positive Electrode Active Material Production Example 1 to obtain Positive Electrode Active Material 5. The obtained Positive Electrode Active Material 5 had a mode diameter of 0.9 μm.

[0134] (Production Example 6 of Positive Electrode Active Material) -Production of Positive Electrode Active Material 6- In the positive electrode active material manufacturing example 1, instead of lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) particles, a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 A positive electrode active material 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Positive Electrode Active Material Production Example 1, except that lithium manganate (LiMn2O4) particles (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Corp.) were crushed by a jet mill so that the mode diameter was less than 3 μm. The obtained positive electrode active material 6 had a mode diameter of 1.2 μm.

[0135] (Production Example 1 of Negative Electrode Active Material) -Production of negative electrode active material 1- In the positive electrode active material manufacturing example 1, instead of lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) particles, a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 Negative electrode active material 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Positive electrode active material Production Example 1, except that artificial graphite (manufactured by MT Carbon Co., Ltd.) was pulverized by a jet mill so that the mode diameter was less than 3 μm. The obtained negative electrode active material 1 had a mode diameter of 1.8 μm.

[0136] (Production Example 2 of Negative Electrode Active Material) -Production of negative electrode active material 2- In the positive electrode active material manufacturing example 1, instead of lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) particles, a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 The diameter of the lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O 12 A negative electrode active material 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Positive Electrode Active Material Production Example 1, except that the ZnO 2 O 4 particles (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) pulverized by a jet mill were used. The obtained negative electrode active material 2 had a mode diameter of 0.7 μm.

[0137] Example 1 <Synthesis of Compound 1> Compound 1 was synthesized as follows based on the following reaction scheme. [ka]

[0138] In a 200mL flask, 7.000g (16.33mmol) of oligoethylene glycol monomethyl ether (n is about 9) was placed, and the system was replaced with nitrogen. 80mL of dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) was added, and cooled to 0°C, and then 7.784g (40.84mmol) of 2-naphthoyl chloride was added. 7mL of triethylamine (NEt3) was slowly added dropwise to this solution, and after the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred overnight while gradually returning to room temperature. Water was added to the reaction solution, and then it was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with saturated saline and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The desiccant was filtered off by suction filtration, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography, and then dried in vacuum, to obtain 8.413g of the desired compound 1 (yield 88%). n is about 9.

[0139] Example 2 <Synthesis of compound 2> Compound 2 was synthesized as follows based on the following reaction scheme. [ka]

[0140] Compound 2 was synthesized (yield 93%) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 4-butylbenzoyl chloride was used instead of 2-naphthoyl chloride in Example 1. n is about 9.

[0141] Example 3 <Synthesis of compound 3> Compound 3 was synthesized as follows based on the following reaction scheme. [ka]

[0142] Compound 3 was synthesized (yield 93%) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that isonicotinoyl chloride was used instead of 2-naphthoyl chloride in Example 1. n is approximately 9.

[0143] Example 4 <Synthesis of compound 4> Compound 4 was synthesized as follows based on the following reaction scheme. [ka]

[0144] Compound 4 was synthesized (yield 85%) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that quinoline-6-carbonyl chloride was used instead of 2-naphthoyl chloride in Example 1. n is approximately 9.

[0145] Next, for the compounds 1 to 4 synthesized in Examples 1 to 4, the + ) and then linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurement with a potential sweep from 3 V to 4.6 V to evaluate the electrochemical stability. For the evaluation of electrochemical stability, a three-electrode cell (EC Frontier, Microanalysis Cell VB7) using a working electrode Pt (diameter φ1.6 mm), a counter electrode Pt (diameter φ3 mm), and a reference electrode Li foil was used, and 5 mass% of Compounds 1 to 4 synthesized in Examples 1 to 4 were added to an electrolyte (EC / DMC / EMC=1 / 1 / 1 with 1.5M LiPF6) and measurements were performed. The current values ​​observed at 4.2 V in the LSV measurements are shown in FIG.

[0146] (Comparative Examples 1 to 4) The electrochemical stability of Comparative Compound 1, Comparative Compound 2, Comparative Compound 3, and Comparative Compound 4 represented by the following formulas was evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4. Similarly, the current values ​​observed at 4.2 V in the LSV measurement are shown in FIG. In addition, n in Comparative Compound 1, Comparative Compound 2, Comparative Compound 3, and Comparative Compound 4 represented by the following formulas was about 10.

[0147] [ka]

[0148] [ka]

[0149] [ka]

[0150] [ka]

[0151] From the results in FIG. 8, almost no current was observed at 4.2 V for compounds 1 to 4 in Examples 1 to 4, whereas irreversible electrochemical oxidation reactions occurred at 4.2 V for comparative compounds 1 to 4 in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, which were undesirable results for use in electrochemical elements. Therefore, it was found that the compounds 1 to 4 of Examples 1 to 4 can be suitably used as dispersants in liquid compositions containing active materials, insulating materials, electrolyte materials, and the like.

[0152] Example 5 <Preparation of Positive Electrode Forming Liquid Composition> A liquid composition for forming a positive electrode was prepared by adding N-methylpyrrolidone to a solid content consisting of 93.1 mass% positive electrode active material 1, 0.9 mass% of the above compound 1, 3 mass% carbon black, and 3 mass% polyamideimide to give a solid content concentration of 35.8 mass%. The obtained positive electrode forming liquid composition had a viscosity of 14 mPa s at 25°C, a mode diameter of 0.7 μm, and a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 was 3.0 μm.

[0153] Next, the particle size distribution of the positive electrode-forming liquid composition was measured again 24 hours after the preparation of the positive electrode-forming liquid composition. No change was observed in the particle size distribution, and the positive electrode-forming liquid composition of Example 5 had good storage stability.

[0154] Next, the positive electrode forming liquid composition of Example 5 was discharged onto an aluminum foil as a positive electrode substrate using a liquid discharge device (EV2500, manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd.) to form a positive electrode. At this time, the positive electrode forming liquid composition of Example 5 could be continuously discharged, and the positive electrode forming liquid composition of Example 5 had good discharge stability and no discharge failure occurred. That is, the positive electrode forming liquid composition of Example 5 had good printing efficiency.

[0155] Example 6 A positive electrode-forming liquid composition of Example 6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the above-mentioned compound 2 was used instead of the above-mentioned compound 1 in Example 5. The obtained liquid composition for forming a positive electrode had a viscosity of 12 mPa s at 25°C, a mode diameter of 0.7 μm, and a cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D 90 was 3.0 μm.

[0156] Next, 24 hours after the preparation of the positive electrode-forming liquid composition, the particle size distribution of the positive electrode-forming liquid composition of Example 6 was measured again. No change was observed in the particle size distribution, and the positive electrode-forming liquid composition of Example 6 had good storage stability.

[0157] Using a liquid ejection device (EV2500, manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd.), the positive electrode forming liquid composition of Example 6 was ejected onto an aluminum foil as a positive electrode substrate. At this time, the positive electrode forming liquid composition of Example 6 could be ejected continuously, and the positive electrode forming liquid composition of Example 6 had good ejection stability and did not cause ejection failure. That is, the positive electrode forming liquid composition of Example 6 had good printing efficiency.

[0158] For example, aspects of the present invention are as follows. <1> a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group, and a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group; The electrode material is characterized in that either an alkyl group or an alkylene glycol ether group is bonded via a carbonyl group. <2> The compound represented by the following general formula (I): <1> It is an electrode material described in [ka] In the general formula (I), Ar represents either a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group or a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group, and the aryl group and the heteroaryl group may be further substituted with a substituent. 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group. X and Y each independently represent a single bond, an oxygen atom, or -CH2-. m and n are positive integers. <3> The above-mentioned is at least one of a dispersant and a binder. <1> from <2> The electrode material according to any one of the above items. <4> The above <1> from <3> 1. A liquid composition comprising the electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, an active material, and a solvent. <5> The content of the active material is 10% by mass or more. <4> The liquid composition according to claim 1, <6> The active material is at least one selected from a lithium-containing transition metal oxide, a lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compound, and a carbon material. <4> from <5> The liquid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, <7> The active material contains lithium and is non-hydrous. <4> from <6> The liquid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, <8> The viscosity at 25°C is 200 mPa·s or less. <4> from <7> The liquid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, <9> An electrode substrate, and the above-mentioned on the electrode substrate <1> from <3> and a layer containing the electrode material according to any one of the above items and an active material. <10> The above <9> 2. An electrochemical device comprising the electrode according to claim 1. <11> On the electrode substrate <4> from <8> 2. A method for producing an electrode, comprising the step of ejecting the liquid composition according to claim 1. <12> The method further comprises a step of pressurizing the electrode substrate onto which the liquid composition is discharged. <11> 2 is a method for producing the electrode according to the present invention. <13> The above <11> from <12> 13. A method for producing an electrochemical element, comprising the steps of any one of the methods for producing an electrode according to claim 12.

[0159] The above <1> from <3> The electrode material according to any one of the preceding claims. <4> from <8> The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding claims. <9> The electrode according to <10> The electrochemical element according to <11> from <12> The method for producing an electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, <13> According to the method for producing an electrochemical element described above, the conventional problems can be solved and the object of the present invention can be achieved. [Explanation of symbols]

[0160] 1 Secondary battery 10 negative electrode 11 Negative electrode substrate 12 Negative electrode composite layer 12A Liquid composition 15 negative electrode 20 positive electrode 21 Positive electrode substrate 22 Positive electrode mixture layer 25 Positive electrode 30 Separator 40 Electrode element 41 Lead Line 42 Lead Line 51 Electrolyte layer 52 Exterior 300 Liquid dispensing device 300' liquid dispensing device 306 Liquid ejection head [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0161] [Patent Document 1] JP 2009-152180 A (Patent No. 5571304 A) [Patent Document 2] JP 2010-97946 A (Patent No. 5913780 A)

Claims

1. a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group, and a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group; A dispersant for a lithium ion battery comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, characterized in that either an alkyl group or an alkylene glycol ether group is bonded to the dispersant via a carbonyl group and is represented by the following general formula (I): 【Chemistry 1】 However, in the general formula (I), Ar represents either a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group or a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group, and the aryl group and the heteroaryl group may be further substituted by a substituent. R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group. X and Y represent an oxygen atom. m and n are positive integers.

2. A liquid composition comprising a dispersant for a lithium ion battery containing the nonaqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1, an active material, and a solvent.

3. The liquid composition according to claim 2 , wherein the content of the active material is 10% by mass or more.

4. 4. The liquid composition according to claim 2, wherein the active material is at least one selected from the group consisting of a lithium-containing transition metal oxide, a lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compound, and a carbon material.

5. 5. The liquid composition according to claim 2, wherein the active material contains lithium and is non-hydrous.

6. 6. The liquid composition according to claim 2, which has a viscosity at 25°C of 200 mPa·s or less.

7. 13. An electrode comprising: an electrode substrate; and a layer on the electrode substrate, the layer containing a dispersant for lithium ion batteries comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 and an active material.

8. An electrochemical device comprising the electrode according to claim 7.

9. A method for producing an electrode, comprising the step of discharging the liquid composition according to any one of claims 2 to 6 onto an electrode substrate.

10. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 9 , further comprising a step of pressurizing the electrode substrate onto which the liquid composition has been ejected.

11. A method for producing an electrochemical element, comprising the steps of the method for producing an electrode according to any one of claims 9 and 10.

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