Corner members and retaining structures

Abstract

To provide a square member and an earth retaining structure which can maintain the shape while reducing a weld part, in the earth retaining structure having the square member.SOLUTION: A square member for connecting two earth retaining members each processed to have a wavy-shaped cross section perpendicular to a first direction so that the first directions cross each other, includes an angle member formed by connecting plate-like parts perpendicular to the first directions of the respective two earth retaining members so as to make L-shaped cross sections perpendicular to the first directions, a reinforcing member for connecting the tips of the two plate-like parts, and a plurality of welding parts for joining the reinforcing member and the plate-like parts. In the wavy-shaped cross sections of the earth retaining members, a range where a part projecting to the tip side of the plate-like parts of the angle member from a wavy neutral line of the earth retaining members is positioned in a height direction perpendicular to the first direction of the two earth retaining members is defined as a region A, each of the plurality of welding parts is arranged so as to at least partially overlap the region A.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a retaining structure constructed on the ground, in which a plurality of retaining members are connected by corner members. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, civil engineering structures such as shafts for constructing the foundations of structures, underground collection wells, and retaining walls on slopes have been constructed using earth retaining structures made by connecting earth retaining members and other earth retaining components to form a ring-shaped or horseshoe-shaped (U-shaped or C-shaped) wall.

[0003] Such earth retaining structures have the advantage that each of the earth retaining members is lightweight and can be easily constructed by hand, even in mountainous areas where large heavy machinery cannot be used. For example, when constructing a vertical shaft, a worker can enter the shaft and connect the earth retaining members. The earth retaining structure is constructed by combining multiple earth retaining members to form a ring-shaped body, and then connecting multiple ring-shaped bodies in the central axial direction of the ring-shaped body. The multiple earth retaining members are arranged in a staggered pattern, ensuring the strength of the entire earth retaining structure.

[0004] The retaining structure disclosed in Patent Document 1 connects multiple straight liner plates with linear upper surface shapes using multiple corner liner plates with L-shaped upper surface shapes (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2015-48574 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In Patent Document 1, the corner liner plate includes angle irons (angle members) arranged at the corners, and connects multiple straight liner plates. The liner plate receives a load from the surrounding ground, causing deformation in the direction in which the tips of the angle irons open apart. Furthermore, when a load is applied to the liner plate from the inside, deformation occurs in the direction in which the tips of the angle irons move closer to each other. In this way, the load applied to the liner plate is concentrated on the angle irons used in the corner members, causing deformation of the angle irons, resulting in a problem that the shape of the retaining structure cannot be maintained.

[0007] When a plate-shaped reinforcing member is provided to prevent deformation of the tip of the angle iron in a corner member, the reinforcing member and the angle iron are welded together. However, welding the entire area of ​​the reinforcing member and the angle iron causes distortion due to welding, which results in a problem that the processing time of the corner member is also longer.

[0008] The present invention is devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides an earth retaining structure having an angled member that can maintain its shape while reducing welds. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The angle member according to the present invention is a corner member which connects two retaining members each having a corrugated cross-sectional shape perpendicular to a first direction, by crossing the first direction of each of the retaining members, and comprises an angle member formed by connecting plate-shaped portions perpendicular to the first direction of the two retaining members so that a cross-sectional shape parallel to the first direction forms an L-shape, a reinforcing member which connects the tips of the two plate-shaped portions together, and a plurality of welds which join the reinforcing member and the plate-shaped portions, and when the range in the height direction perpendicular to the first direction of each of the two retaining members, which is defined as region A, is defined as the range in the height direction perpendicular to the first direction of each of the two retaining members, in which a portion of the corrugated cross-sectional shape of the retaining members that protrudes toward the tip end of the plate-shaped portion of the angle member beyond the neutral line of the corrugation of the retaining members, each of the plurality of welds is divided and arranged in the height direction so as to overlap with region A. The reinforcing member is provided at a location where the tips of the two plate-shaped parts are pulled apart and deformed. There are.

[0011] In addition, the retaining structure of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned corner member and a plurality of retaining members formed by joining vertical flange portions to both end faces in the first direction of a main body whose cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction is processed into a corrugated shape, and the plurality of retaining members and the corner members are connected in the first direction to form an earth-retaining unit. Effect of the Invention

[0012] According to the present invention, the corner members are equipped with angle members or steel pipes reinforced by reinforcing members, so that deformation can be suppressed even if the load from the ground is concentrated, thereby enabling the retaining structure to maintain its shape. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an oblique view of an earth retaining structure 100 according to embodiment 1. [Diagram 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an earth retaining member 10 according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 3] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an earth retaining member 10 according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the retaining member 10 of FIG. 3. [Diagram 5] 2 is a perspective view of a corner member 30 of the earth retaining structure 100 according to embodiment 1. FIG. [Figure 6] 2 is a perspective view of a corner member 30 of the earth retaining structure 100 according to embodiment 1. FIG. [Figure 7] 3 is a layout diagram of welds 36 of a reinforcing member 32 of a corner member 30 according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 8] 1 is a perspective view of a stiffening member 20 according to the first embodiment. [Figure 9] 1 is a plan view showing a modified example of the earth retaining structure 100 according to embodiment 1. FIG. [Figure 10] 10 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the arrangement of the reinforcing member 32 of the corner member 30 and the welded portions 36 of the reinforcing member 32 according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 11] 10 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the arrangement of the reinforcing member 32 of the corner member 30 and the welded portions 36 of the reinforcing member 32 according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 12]1 is an oblique view of an earth retaining structure 200 according to a second embodiment. FIG. [Figure 13] 13 is a front view of a modified example of the corner member 230 of the earth retaining structure 200 according to embodiment 2. FIG. [Figure 14] A bottom view of the retaining structure 200 of embodiment 2. [Figure 15] 1 is an oblique view of a modified example of a connecting member 40 attached to the earth retaining structure 100 of embodiment 1. FIG. [Figure 16] 1 is an oblique view of a modified example of a connecting member 40 attached to the earth retaining structure 100 of embodiment 1. FIG. [Figure 17] 13 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of a corner member 330 of an earth retaining structure 300 according to embodiment 3. FIG. [Figure 18] 18 is an enlarged view of the corner member 330 of FIG. 17. [Figure 19] 13 is a modified example of the corner member 330 according to the third embodiment. [Figure 20] 13 is a cross-sectional view of a corner member 430 of an earth retaining structure 400 according to embodiment 4. FIG. [Figure 21] 1 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the earth retaining structure 100 according to embodiment 1. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] Hereinafter, an earth retaining structure 100 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings including FIG. 1, the relative dimensional relationship and shape of each component may differ from the actual ones. In addition, in the following drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same or equivalent objects, and this applies throughout the entire specification. In addition, to facilitate understanding, terms indicating directions (e.g., up, down, left, right, front, rear, front and back, etc.) are used as appropriate, but these notations are for the convenience of explanation and do not limit the arrangement, direction or orientation of devices, instruments, parts, etc.

[0015] Embodiment 1 [Earth retaining structure 100] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an earth retaining structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The earth retaining structure 100 is, for example, a civil engineering structure such as a vertical shaft for constructing the foundation of a structure or a drainage well constructed underground, and is constructed inside a vertical hole formed by excavating the ground 92. The earth retaining structure 100 shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, a structure for forming a relatively small foundation in the ground 92, and is composed of a single-stage earth retaining unit 50 formed by connecting a plurality of earth retaining members 10 in a rectangular shape with corner members 30 in a plan view. In the following description, the outside of the earth retaining structure 100 is called the ground 92, and the inside is called the space portion 93. In the first embodiment, the earth retaining structure 100 is rectangular from the viewpoint of the direction perpendicular to the ground 92, i.e., the z direction, but is not limited to a rectangle. The earth retaining structure 100 may be formed, for example, in a circular, oval, elliptical, rectangular, or oval ring shape in a plan view. The retaining structure 100 can also be formed into a semi-annular shape such as a horseshoe shape or a U-shape in plan view. When the retaining unit 50 is a semi-annular shape, the central axis C of the retaining unit 50 passes through the center of gravity of the retaining unit 50 in plan view and is an axis extending perpendicularly to the ground 92 on which the retaining unit 50 is installed. The x and y directions shown in the figure are directions along the surface of the ground 92 on which the retaining structure 100 is installed, and the z direction is the depth direction of the shaft and the height direction of the retaining structure. In the first embodiment, the retaining structure 100 is formed by one layer of the retaining unit 50, but the retaining unit 50 may be formed by stacking and connecting them in the height direction.

[0016] The retaining unit 50 shown in FIG. 1 is installed along the excavation wall surface 95 (see FIG. 3) of a vertical shaft formed by excavating the ground 92 in a substantially rectangular shape when a relatively small-scale foundation such as a foundation supporting a station platform is to be installed. In this case, in the case of a small-scale foundation, the depth of the vertical shaft is relatively shallow, and only one layer of the retaining members 10 can be arranged in the z direction. Therefore, the retaining unit 50 is formed by connecting multiple retaining members 10 in the circumferential direction using connecting members 40 such as bolts and nuts. In addition, since each side of the rectangular retaining structure 100 in FIG. 1 is short, one retaining member 10 is arranged on each side, and the multiple retaining members 10 are connected by corner members 30. Note that the retaining unit 50 is not limited to one having one retaining member 10 arranged on each side, and may have two or more retaining members 10 on each side, or may be composed of only corner members 30.

[0017] The corner members 30 are configured so that the retaining members 10 can be connected to both ends, and connect two retaining members 10 arranged in intersecting directions. Here, the direction in which the multiple retaining members 10 are connected in the retaining unit 50, which is an annular body, is referred to as the first direction. The first direction is the circumferential direction around the central axis of the retaining unit 50, and in the case of the retaining unit 50 in Figure 1, it is the direction along each side of the rectangle.

[0018] The retaining unit 50 has an axial connection portion 11 where the retaining member 10 and the corner member 30 are connected, and a stiffening member 20 is disposed below (on the z-direction side) the axial connection portion 11. The stiffening member 20 and the retaining member 10 or the corner member 30 are connected at a connection portion 12 using a connecting member 40 such as a bolt and a nut. Each of the axial connection portions 11 of the retaining unit 50 is reinforced by the stiffening member 20. The stiffening member 20 is connected to one retaining member 10 or one corner member 30 at multiple points. With this configuration, when the retaining member 10 or the corner member 30 receives a load from the ground 92, the stiffening member 20 can receive the load. For example, the stiffening member 20 is connected to the retaining member 10 at two or more points, so that the stiffening member 20 does not rotate relative to the retaining member 10, and the load received by the retaining member 10 can be transmitted to the adjacent corner member 30 connected thereto via the stiffening member 20.

[0019] [Earth retaining material 10] 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views of the retaining member 10 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show a cross section perpendicular to the first direction, which is the circumferential direction of the retaining unit 50, and show an example of a cross section (xz cross section or yz cross section) along the central axis of the retaining unit 50 of the retaining structure 100 shown in FIG. 1. The main body 14 of the retaining member 10 shown in FIG. 2 has a sine curve-shaped waveform in a cross section perpendicular to the first direction. The main body 14 of the retaining member 10 shown in FIG. 3 has a rectangular wave shape with rounded corners in the cross section, and parallel surfaces are formed on the outside and inside of the retaining structure 100. The retaining structure 100 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of the retaining member 10 and the corner member 30 having the cross-sectional shape of the main body 14 shown in FIG. 3 as an example, but the cross-sectional shape of the main body 14 can be changed to another wave shape.

[0020] The retaining members 10 shown in Figures 2 and 3 have different cross-sectional shapes and different corrugations of the main body 14, but each has a horizontal flange portion 13 formed at both ends in the z direction, and is structured to allow connection of a stiffening member 20 in the z direction. The horizontal flange portion 13 has a connecting hole 13a to which a connecting member 40 is applied. A plurality of connecting holes 13a are formed in the horizontal flange portion 13, and are arranged at equal intervals in the first direction. In addition, a corrugated portion is formed between the two horizontal flange portions 13. The connecting hole 13a provided in the horizontal flange portion 13 and penetrating in the z direction is sometimes called a second connecting hole 13a.

[0021] 2 is corrugated in the shape of a sine curve, and is capable of resisting loads due to earth pressure from the ground 92. Because the body 14 is corrugated, it has greater strength and rigidity against loads acting in the thickness direction of the earth retaining member 10 than if it were formed with a simple flat cross-sectional shape.

[0022] The trapezoidally corrugated body 14 of the retaining member 10 shown in FIG. 3 includes a protruding portion 16 protruding inward of the retaining unit 50, and outer wall portions 17 and 18 protruding outward of the retaining unit 50 in the cross section of FIG. 3. The outer wall portion 18 connecting the protruding portion 16 and the horizontal flange portion 13 is referred to as the first outer wall portion 18, and the outer wall portion 17 connecting two adjacent protruding portions 16 is referred to as the second outer wall portion 17. In the cross-sectional shape of the body 14 of the retaining member 10 according to the first embodiment, a plurality of protruding portions 16 are provided, but only one may be provided. For example, two protruding portions 16 are provided in FIG. 3, but only one may be provided in the center in the z direction.

[0023] The convex portion 16 has an inner wall portion 16a having a surface perpendicular to the surface of the horizontal flange portion 13 in cross section. The inner wall portion 16a and the outer wall portions 17 and 18 are formed substantially parallel to each other. The inner wall portion 16a and the outer wall portions 17 and 18 are connected by a web portion 15. The web portion 15 has a surface extending in the y (x) direction in the cross section of FIG. 3 and is slightly inclined with respect to the y (x) direction. The inclination direction of the web portion 15 is such that, when the main body 14 is viewed from the central axis C of the retaining unit 50, the open end of the valley portion of the corrugated shape is wide and the valley bottom is narrow. By being configured in this way, the main body 14 is easy to release from the mold when performing plastic processing for corrugation, making it easy to manufacture.

[0024] In addition, the web portion 15 is formed at an angle close to parallel to the y(x) axis in FIG. 3, so that the width of the inner wall portion 16a and the outer wall portions 17 and 18 is wide. As a result, the retaining member 10 has a high rigidity when a bending moment is applied in the thickness direction. For example, the retaining member 10 shown in FIG. 3 has a larger dimension in the y(x) direction than the retaining member 10 shown in FIG. 2, and has a high rigidity against a load applied in the y(x) direction. When the retaining member 10 of the retaining structure 100 in FIG. 1 is loaded in the surface direction of the main body 14, that is, in the y(x) direction, a bending moment is applied to the retaining member 10 in the y(x) direction. At this time, the section modulus of the retaining member 10 with respect to the neutral axis N of bending is larger when the width of the inner wall portion 16a, the outer wall portions 17 and 18 farther from the neutral axis N is wider. Therefore, by configuring the web portion 15 at an angle close to parallel to the y (x) axis, the width dimension in the z direction of the inner wall portion 16a and the outer wall portions 17 and 18 becomes wider, and the strength and rigidity against bending load in the y (x) direction of the earth retaining member 10 increases. Specifically, the web portion 15 is set at an angle of 0° to 20°, and more preferably 0° to 3°, with respect to the direction perpendicular to the inner wall portion 16a or the outer wall portions 17 and 18.

[0025] 3, the inner wall portion 16a and the outer wall portions 17 and 18 are formed with the same plate thickness as the web portion 15, but the plate thickness may be made thicker than that of the web portion 15. By configuring in this manner, the cross-sectional areas of the inner wall portion 16a and the outer wall portions 17 and 18 farther from the neutral axis N become larger, and the section modulus of the earth retaining member 10 can be further increased.

[0026] Horizontal flanges 13 are formed at both ends in the z direction of the earth retaining member 10 shown in Figures 2 and 3. The horizontal flanges 13 are formed perpendicular to the z direction, and have connecting holes 13a in their flat portions. The horizontal flanges 13 have a surface that is parallel to the x and y directions and to which a connecting member 40 can be attached. In particular, the tip 13b of the horizontal flanges 13 has a flat surface that can fit the clamping portion 43 of the connecting member 40, which is a clip-shaped connecting fitting (see Figures 15 and 16).

[0027] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the retaining member 10 of FIG. 3. The retaining member 10 has vertical flanges 19 at both ends in the first direction, which is the circumferential direction of the retaining unit 50. The vertical flanges 19 are plate-shaped members and are joined to the end faces of the main body 14 in the first direction by welding. The length of the vertical flanges 19 in the z direction is substantially the same as the length of the main body 14 in the width direction, i.e., in the z direction. The vertical flanges 19 have connecting holes 19a penetrating the plate surface. The connecting holes 19a provided in the vertical flanges 19 penetrating in the first direction may be referred to as first connecting holes 19a. As shown in FIG. 1, the connecting holes 19a are holes for passing connecting members 40 such as bolts and nuts when connecting the retaining member 10 to another retaining member 10 or a corner member 30 in the circumferential direction of the retaining unit 50.

[0028] The connecting holes 19a are provided in accordance with the wave shape of the main body 14, and specifically, are arranged side by side in the y (x) direction of each of the outer wall portions 17 and 18 of the main body 14. Moreover, the connecting holes 19a are arranged further inward of the earth-retaining unit 50 than the outer wall portions 17 and 18. This configuration enables a worker to perform the connecting work of the earth-retaining members 10 from the inside of the shaft in which the earth-retaining structure 100 is installed.

[0029] The structure of the vertical flange portion 19 is the same even if the cross-sectional shape of the main body 14 is a sine curve shape as shown in Fig. 2. That is, in the case of an earth-retaining member 10 having the cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 2, the connecting holes 19a are arranged at positions corresponding to the outer wall portions 17b and 18, which are valleys when the earth-retaining member 10 is viewed from the inside of the earth-retaining unit 50. In the case of an earth-retaining member 10 having the cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 2, four connecting holes 19a are arranged in the vertical flange portion 19. Also, in the case of an earth-retaining member 10 having the cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 3, three connecting holes 19a are arranged in the vertical flange portion 19.

[0030] [Corner member 30] 5 and 6 are perspective views of a corner member 30 of the earth-retaining structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The corner member 30 includes an angle member 31 that is L-shaped when viewed from the z direction, a main body 14 having the same structure as the main body 14 of the earth-retaining member 10, and a vertical flange portion 19 joined to an end face in the first direction (circumferential direction) of the main body 14. The corner member 30 is configured such that the earth-retaining members 10 are connected to the vertical flange portion 19, thereby forming a corner of the earth-retaining structure 100. In the first embodiment, the corner member 30 connects two earth-retaining members 10 so that they are perpendicular to each other, but the corner member 30 may be connected at an angle other than a right angle.

[0031] The body 14 of the corner member 30 has the same shape as the body 14 of the retaining member 10 except for its length in the first direction, and may be formed into a sinusoidal waveform as shown in Fig. 2. The length of the body 14 can be changed as appropriate.

[0032] The angle member 31 is formed in an L-shape when viewed from the z direction, and has a shape in which the flat plate portions 33 are connected at right angles. The flat plate portions 33 are plate-shaped and extend longitudinally in the z direction. One end face of the main body 14 is joined to the flat plate portions 33 by welding or the like. The reinforcing member 32 is joined to the tip portions 35 of the two flat plate portions 33 of the angle member 31. The reinforcing member 32 is a plate-shaped member and extends longitudinally in the z direction as shown in FIG. 6. The reinforcing member 32 is disposed so as to connect the tip portions 35 of the angle members 31 to each other, thereby suppressing deformation of the tip portions 35 of the flat plate portions 33 in a direction opening from each other.

[0033] FIG. 7 is a layout diagram of the welded portion 36 of the reinforcing member 32 of the angle member 30 according to the first embodiment. The reinforcing member 32 is welded to the tip portions 35 of the two flat plate portions 33. The welded portion 36 includes a plurality of welded portions 36a, 36b, and 36c. The welded portion 36 of the reinforcing member 32 is divided into a plurality of portions and arranged, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost due to welding and suppressing deformation due to welding. In addition, the flat plate portion 33 of the angle member 31 is deformed so that the two flat plate portions 33 open when a load applied to the main body 14 joined to the flat plate portion 33 is transmitted. The welded portion 36 of the reinforcing member 32 may be provided at a location where the tip portions 35 of the two flat plate portions 33 are pulled and deformed so as to open. When the main body 14 receives a load from the ground 92, the outer wall portions 17 and 18 of the main body 14 are joined to the tip portion 35 of the flat plate portion 33 of the angle member 31, and therefore pull the tip portion 35 of the angle member 31, deforming the two tip portions 35 so as to open. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the welded portion 36 is disposed at a position in the z direction corresponding to the outer wall portions 17 and 18 of the main body 14. Specifically, the welded portions 36a and 36c are disposed so that at least a part of them is parallel to the outer wall portion 18 in the circumferential direction of the earth retaining unit 50, i.e., in the first direction. Also, the welded portion 36b is disposed so that at least a part of them is parallel to the outer wall portion 17 in the circumferential direction of the earth retaining unit 50, which is an annular body, i.e., in the first direction.

[0034] In other words, weld 36a is positioned so as to at least partially overlap region a1 shown in Fig. 3 in the z direction. Desirably, weld 36a is positioned so as to overlap region aa1 in Fig. 3. Weld 36b is positioned so as to at least partially overlap region a2 shown in Fig. 3 in the z direction. Desirably, weld 36b is positioned so as to overlap region aa2 in Fig. 3. Weld 36c is positioned so as to at least partially overlap region a3 shown in Fig. 3 in the z direction. Desirably, weld 36c is positioned so as to overlap region aa3 in Fig. 3.

[0035] The welded portion 36a may be arranged to include the entire region a1 shown in FIG. 3, but if it is arranged to overlap at least partially with the region a1, the load from the outer wall portion 18 can be transmitted to the reinforcing member 32 via the welded portion 36a. The welded portion 36b and the region a2, and the welded portion 36c and the region a3 are arranged in the same manner as the relationship between the welded portion 36a and the region a1. The welded portion 36 may overlap the region b, but the reinforcing member 32 in the portion corresponding to the region b may not be welded. The regions a1 to a4 and aa1 to aa4 may be collectively referred to as region A. The welded portion 36 in the z direction is at least partially arranged in region A in the z direction, i.e., in the height direction (z direction) of the angle member 31. Region A is the range in which the portion of the corrugation of the main body 14 that protrudes from the neutral line of the corrugation of the earth retaining member toward the side where the free end of the plate-shaped portion of the angle member is located is located in the height direction perpendicular to the first direction of each of the two earth retaining members.

[0036] [Stiffening member 20] 8 is a perspective view of the stiffening member 20 according to the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the stiffening member 20 is a channel steel having a U-shaped cross section long in the first direction, a so-called channel member. The stiffening member 20 includes flanges 21 disposed at both ends in the z direction, and a web 22 connecting the two flanges 21. The flanges 21 are provided with a connecting hole 23 for passing the connecting member 40 therethrough, and are provided so as to correspond to the connecting hole 13a provided in the horizontal flange portion 13 of the main body 14 of the earth retaining member 10 and the corner member 30.

[0037] The stiffening member 20 is disposed with the open side of the U-shaped cross section facing the inside of the earth-retaining unit 50. This allows the worker attaching the stiffening member 20 to the earth-retaining unit 50 to attach the connecting member 40 from the inside of the earth-retaining unit 50, and also increases the rigidity of the stiffening member 20 itself.

[0038] The stiffening member 20 is not limited to a channel steel. The stiffening member 20 may be, for example, an angle steel (angle member) with an L-shaped cross section, or a flat plate. The stiffening member 20 prevents the retaining member 10 or the corner member 30 from deforming toward the inside of the retaining unit 50 from the axial connecting portion 11, and it is desirable that the section modulus of the stiffening member 20 is approximately the same as the section modulus of the main body 14.

[0039] The stiffening member 20 is connected across adjacent earth retaining members 10 or across an earth retaining member 10 and a corner member 30. The stiffening member 20 is fixed at two or more points to one earth retaining member 10 or corner member 30. This configuration makes it possible to suppress rotational displacement of the stiffening member 20 around the z-axis relative to the earth retaining member 10 or corner member 30, and also to suppress detachment of the connecting member 40.

[0040] In the earth-retaining structure 100 according to the first embodiment, the stiffening members 20 are installed only on the underside of the earth-retaining unit 50, but they can also be installed on the upper surface. By disposing the stiffening members 20 above and below the earth-retaining unit 50, the strength of the earth-retaining structure 100 is further improved.

[0041] [Variations] Fig. 9 is a plan view showing a modified example of the earth-retaining structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The earth-retaining structure 100 shown in Fig. 1 has one earth-retaining member 10 on each side of the rectangular earth-retaining unit 50, but the earth-retaining structure 100 shown in Fig. 9 shows an example in which two earth-retaining members 10 are arranged on each side of the earth-retaining unit 50. The earth-retaining members 10 connect a plurality of earth-retaining members 10, and stiffening members 20 are arranged below the axial connecting portions 11 of the earth-retaining members 10. The stiffening members 20 reinforce the axial connecting portions 11 between the earth-retaining members 10 in the same manner as the axial connecting portions 11 between the earth-retaining members 10 and the corner members 30 described above.

[0042] Fig. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the arrangement of the reinforcing member 32 and the welded portion 36 of the reinforcing member 32 of the corner member 30 according to the first embodiment. In the corner member 30A according to the modified example, both ends in the z direction of the reinforcing member 32 of the corner member 30 shown in Fig. 7 are made shorter than the length in the z direction of the angle member 31. The reinforcing member 32A has both ends shorter than the angle member 31, but the range of the welded portion 36 in the z direction is such that at least a part of the welded portions 36a to 36c are positioned in the region A, so that the reinforcing member 32A has substantially the same strength as the corner member 30 shown in Fig. 7. According to the corner member 30A in Fig. 10, the reinforcing member 32A can be made smaller, so that the weight can be reduced and the material used can also be reduced.

[0043] Fig. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the arrangement of the reinforcing member 32 of the angle member 30 according to the first embodiment and the welded portion 36 of the reinforcing member 32. In the angle member 30B shown in Fig. 11, the reinforcing member 32 is divided into a plurality of reinforcing members 32a to 32c, and the welded portions 36a to 36c are arranged on each of them. The plate surfaces of the plurality of reinforcing members 32a to 32c face the connection portion of the flat plate portion 33 of the angle member 31. In other words, each of the reinforcing members 32a to 32c is arranged so that the plate surface is along the z direction. By being configured in this way, the reinforcing members 32a to 32c can further reduce the amount of material used, can be made lighter, and can efficiently improve the strength of the angle member 30.

[0044] In the corner member 30B, the reinforcing members 32a-32c and the welded parts 36a-36c are arranged at three positions in the z direction, but the number of them to be arranged is not limited. For example, if the cross-sectional shape of the main body 14 is a sine curve as shown in FIG. 2 and there are four parts protruding from the neutral axis N to the y(x) side in the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction, the reinforcing members 32 or the welded parts 36 may be arranged at four positions in accordance with the regions a1-a4. Also, for example, if there are two parts protruding from the neutral axis N to the y(x) side in the cross-sectional shape of the main body 14, the reinforcing members 32 or the welded parts 36 may be arranged at two positions corresponding to the protruding parts. Note that the number of the reinforcing members 32 or the welded parts 36 does not need to match the number of parts protruding from the neutral axis N to the y(x) side in the cross-sectional shape of the main body 14, and it is sufficient to install only the number necessary to ensure strength in the region A.

[0045] FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the earth retaining structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The earth retaining structure 100 according to the first embodiment may be configured by combining four corner members 30 as shown in FIG. 21. In this case, the stiffening member 20 is connected across the horizontal flange portion 13 of the main body 14 of the two adjacent corner members 30. By configuring in this manner, the axial connection portion 11 between the corner members 30 can also be reinforced, and the strength of the earth retaining structure 100 is improved. Note that the earth retaining members 10 can also be added to two opposing sides of the four sides of the earth retaining structure 100 shown in FIG. 21. The earth retaining structure 100 can be configured with only the corner members 30, or with a combination of the earth retaining members 10 and the corner members 30, and since the axial connection portion 11 can be reinforced with the stiffening member 20, the structure can be appropriately changed according to the installation environment. The earth retaining structure 100 shown in FIG. 21 may also be configured to stack multiple stages of earth retaining units 50 in the z direction.

[0046] Embodiment 2 An explanation will be given of an earth retaining structure 200 according to the second embodiment. The earth retaining structure 200 is obtained by modifying the configuration of the corner members 30 constituting the earth retaining structure 100 according to the first embodiment and applying corner stiffening members 60. Note that components having the same functions and actions as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals and their explanation will be omitted.

[0047] 12 is a perspective view of an earth-retaining structure 200 according to embodiment 2. The earth-retaining structure 200 is configured in a rectangular shape, with one earth-retaining member 10 placed on each side and connected by corner members 230. A corner stiffening member 60 is placed below the corner members 230, and is connected across the two earth-retaining members 10 connected to the corner members 230.

[0048] [Corner piece 230] The angle member 230 according to the second embodiment includes an angle member 231 that is L-shaped when viewed from the z direction. The angle member 231 is configured by connecting two flat plate portions 233, and the two flat plate portions 233 are arranged in a perpendicular positional relationship. The longitudinal direction of the flat plate portion 233 extends in the z direction. A connecting hole 239 is provided in the flat plate portion 233, and is configured to be able to connect the vertical flange portion 19 of the retaining member 10.

[0049] The angle member 230 includes a reinforcing member 232 disposed between two flat plate portions 233 of the angle member 231 and joined by welding. The reinforcing member 232 is a plate-like body whose shape is aligned with the inside of an L-shape in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of the angle member 231 and whose surface is oriented perpendicularly to the z-direction. The reinforcing member 232 has, for example, a triangular or substantially triangular shape in a plan view. The reinforcing member 232 counters loads in the directions in which the two flat plate portions 233 of the angle member 231 widen and narrow, and reinforces the angle member 231. In FIG. 12, the reinforcing members 232 are disposed between the connecting holes 239 and provided at two locations, but the installation locations can be changed as appropriate depending on the required strength.

[0050] 13 is a front view of a modified example of the angle member 230 of the retaining structure 200 according to embodiment 2. The reinforcing member 232 is provided at a position corresponding to the outer wall portions 17 and 18 of the main body 14, thereby being able to support the force transmitted from the outer wall portions 17 and 18, and the strength of the angle member 231 can be efficiently improved.

[0051] The reinforcing member 232 may be disposed in a range corresponding to any one of the regions a1, a2, and a3 shown in Fig. 3, and is preferably disposed in the range of the regions aa1, aa2, and aa3. That is, the reinforcing member 232 may be disposed in the region A. In this case, both the reinforcing member 232 and the flat plate portion 233 may be disposed in each of the regions A. Note that the reinforcing member 232 and the flat plate portion 233 do not need to be disposed in all of the multiple regions A, and are disposed according to the required strength.

[0052] [Corner stiffening member 60] Fig. 14 is a bottom view of the earth-retaining structure 200 according to the second embodiment. The corner stiffening member 60 according to the second embodiment is disposed below the corner member 230 and fixed so as to straddle the two earth-retaining members 10 connected to the corner member 230. The corner stiffening member 60 is fixed at multiple points to the horizontal flange portion 13 of the main body 14. In the third embodiment, the corner stiffening member 60 is formed in an L-shape along the corner of the earth-retaining unit 50, but may have other shapes, such as a trapezoidal plate (a plate having an outer shape indicated by the two-dot chain line P in Fig. 14).

[0053] In the earth retaining structure 200 according to the second embodiment, the corner members 230 are composed of angle members 231, and the earth retaining members 10 and the corner members 230 are connected by the connecting members 40, so that welding and processing can be reduced in manufacturing each member. Therefore, the earth retaining structure 200 can ensure sufficient strength by the corner stiffening members 60 and the stiffening members 20 while reducing the amount of processing of each member.

[0054] The earth-retaining structure 200 according to the second embodiment has one earth-retaining member 10 arranged on each side, but may have two or more earth-retaining members 10 on each side. When multiple earth-retaining members 10 are arranged on each side, the stiffening members 20 described in the first embodiment are installed at the axial connecting portions 11 of adjacent earth-retaining members 10.

[0055] In the earth-retaining structure 200 according to the second embodiment, the corner stiffening members 60 are disposed only on the bottom surface of the earth-retaining unit 50, but they may also be disposed on the top surface. By disposing the corner stiffening members 60 on the top and bottom surfaces, the strength of the earth-retaining structure 200 is further improved.

[0056] In FIG. 12, the earth-retaining structure 200 shows a form in which the earth-retaining unit 50 is configured with only one stage, but the earth-retaining unit 50 may be configured by stacking multiple stages. In this case, the earth-retaining structure 200 is configured by stacking multiple earth-retaining units 50 shown in FIG. 13 in the z direction. In addition, in the second embodiment, when the earth-retaining structure 200 is formed by stacking multiple stages of the earth-retaining units 50, the strength of the earth-retaining unit 50 at the lower end can be improved by connecting a corner stiffening member 60 to the earth-retaining unit 50 located at the lower end of the earth-retaining structure 200 as shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 14. In addition, the corner stiffening member 60 can also be attached to the upper end of the earth-retaining structure 200 configured with multiple stages of the earth-retaining units 50.

[0057] [Modification of the connecting member 40] 15 and 16 are perspective views of modified examples of the connecting member 40 attached to the earth retaining structure 100 according to the first embodiment. The connecting member 40 shown in the first and second embodiments may be replaced with a clip-shaped connecting member 40 shown in Figs. 15 and 16. The connecting member 40 is a metal fitting formed by bending a metal plate, and is one of the connecting members 40 that connect the earth retaining members 10. The connecting member 40 includes a connecting metal fitting body 42 having a protrusion 46 formed by embossing, an insertion portion 45 formed by bending one end of the connecting metal fitting body 42, and a clamping portion 43 bent from the other end of the connecting metal fitting body 42 in the same direction as the insertion portion 45.

[0058] The connecting member 40 connects two earth-retaining members 10 by inserting the insertion portion 45 into the connecting hole 13a formed in the horizontal flange portion 13 of the earth-retaining members 10 and clamping the tip portion 13b of the horizontal flange portion 13 between the abutment portion 43b of the clamping portion 43 and the connecting metal body 42. The tip portion 43a of the clamping portion 43 is bent in a direction away from the connecting metal body 42 to make assembly easier. The connecting member 40 can connect the earth-retaining members 10 by being fitted into the horizontal flange portions 13, which improves the efficiency of the connecting work compared to connections using bolts and nuts.

[0059] An edge 42c of the clamping end 42b where the clamping portion 43 of the connecting fitting body 42 is formed is formed parallel to the tip of the horizontal flange portion 13. The connecting fitting body 42 extends at an angle from a direction perpendicular to the edge 42c. An edge 42d of the connecting fitting body 42 is connected to the insertion portion 45. The edge 42d to which the insertion portion 45 is connected is inclined with respect to the horizontal flange portion 13 of the retaining member 10.

[0060] The insertion portion 45 extends from the end edge 42d of the connecting metal body 42 toward the horizontal flange portion 13, and is bent at its tip into an L-shape to form the tip portion 41. The tip portion 41 extends such that the plate surface 41b is along the surface of the horizontal flange portion 13. The plate surface 41b of the tip portion 41 is formed substantially parallel to the plate surface of the connecting metal body 42. Alternatively, the plate surface 41b of the tip portion 41 may not be parallel to the plate surface of the connecting metal body 42, and the tip 41a may be inclined toward the connecting metal body 42. With this configuration, the connecting metal body 42 is disposed on one side of the horizontal flange portions 13 of the two earth retaining members 10 to be connected, and the tip portion 41 is disposed on the other side, so that the two horizontal flange portions 13 can be held between the tip portion 41 and the connecting metal body 42.

[0061] 15, the insertion end 42a where the insertion portion 45 of the connecting fitting body 42 is formed is narrower than the clamping end 42b where the clamping portion 43 is formed, and is formed to a width that allows it to be inserted into the connecting hole 13a of the horizontal flange portion 13. In other words, the tip portion 41 can be freely inserted into the connecting hole 13a of the horizontal flange portions 13 of the two earth retaining members 10. Furthermore, the insertion end 42a is embossed to form a protrusion 46, thereby improving its rigidity.

[0062] On the other hand, the clamping side end 42b on which the clamping portion 43 is formed is formed wide so that the clamping portion 43 can clamp and hold the lateral flange portions 13 of the two earth retaining members 10.

[0063] The earth retaining structures 100 and 200 according to the first and second embodiments further improve the workability during installation by replacing the connecting members 40 with the above-mentioned clip-shaped connecting members 40. If necessary, the connecting members 40 may be made of bolts and nuts in part and clip-shaped metal fittings in part.

[0064] Embodiment 3 An explanation will be given of an earth retaining structure 300 according to embodiment 3. The earth retaining structure 300 is obtained by modifying the structure of the corner member 230 constituting the earth retaining structure 200 according to embodiment 2. Note that components having the same functions and actions as those in embodiments 1 and 2 are given the same reference numerals and their explanation will be omitted.

[0065] FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of the corner member 330 of the earth retaining structure 300 according to the third embodiment. The earth retaining structure 300 is configured in a rectangular shape, and the earth retaining members 10 are connected in the circumferential direction of the earth retaining unit 50. The corner member 330 is configured by welding the face of the reinforcing member 232 to the angle member 31 in a state in which the face faces in the height direction (z direction) as in the second embodiment. However, the corner member 330 is configured such that the main body 14 is directly joined to the flat plate portion 33 of the angle member 31 as in the corner member 30 shown in the first embodiment. The reinforcing members 232 are arranged according to the corrugations of the main body 14, and are arranged in each of a1 to a4 and aa1 to aa4 shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, for example. That is, the reinforcing members 232 are arranged in the region A. The corner member 330 according to the third embodiment includes the main body 14, and therefore does not have a connecting hole 239 in the angle member 31, and the degree of freedom in arranging the reinforcing members 232 is high.

[0066] FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of the angle member 330 in FIG. 17. FIG. 18(a) is a top view seen in the z direction, and FIG. 18(b) is a view of the reinforcing member 232 seen from the front. The reinforcing member 232 is joined to the inside of the flat plate portion 33 of the angle member 31 by welding. In the third embodiment, the range of the welded portion 36 between the reinforcing member 232 and the flat plate portion 33 is arranged in a part on the tip portion 35 side of the flat plate portion 33, but it may be over the entire area where the reinforcing member 232 and the flat plate portion 33 are in contact. In addition, the reinforcing member 232 may have the welded portion 36 on both the top and bottom surfaces, or only on one surface. The welded portion 36 of the reinforcing member 232 can be similarly applied to the second embodiment.

[0067] FIG. 19 shows a modified example of the corner member 330 according to the third embodiment. FIG. 19(a) is a top view seen in the z direction, and FIG. 19(b) is a front view of the reinforcing member 232. The corner member 330A according to the modified example has a reinforcing member 332. The reinforcing member 332 is, for example, a steel bar, and is welded to connect the tip portion 35 of the flat plate portion 33. The reinforcing member 332 is also disposed in the region A, so that the angle member 31 of the corner member 330 can be efficiently strengthened. The reinforcing member 332 can also be applied to the corner member 230 according to the second embodiment.

[0068] Embodiment 4 An explanation will be given of an earth retaining structure 400 according to embodiment 4. The earth retaining structure 400 is obtained by modifying the structure of the corner member 30 constituting the earth retaining structure 100 according to embodiment 1. Note that components having the same functions and actions as those in embodiments 1 to 3 are given the same reference numerals and their explanation will be omitted.

[0069] Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a corner member 430 of an earth retaining structure 400 according to embodiment 4. Fig. 20 shows a cross section perpendicular to the z-direction. In embodiment 1, corner member 30 is configured by joining main body 14 to two flat plate portions 33 of L-shaped angle member 31, but corner member 430 according to embodiment 4 replaces angle member 31 with a steel pipe 431 having a rectangular cross section. Corner member 430 is configured by joining main body 14 to each of two adjacent faces of steel pipe 431 having a rectangular cross section.

[0070] That is, the steel pipe 431 having a rectangular cross section has the body 14 having a corrugated cross section welded to two adjacent flat plate portions 433, and a flat plate portion 434 is further joined to the end portions 435 of the two flat plate portions 433 to form a tube shape. A reinforcing member 432 may be arranged on a diagonal line connecting the end portions 435 inside the steel pipe 431. The reinforcing member 432 is fixed inside the steel pipe 431. By arranging the reinforcing member 432 on a diagonal line connecting the end portions 435, deformation in the direction in which the end portions 435 approach each other can be suppressed. In addition, the reinforcing member 432 can also be rotated 90° in FIG. 20 and arranged. In addition, the reinforcing member 432 may be welded so as to connect between the vertices of the steel pipe 431 having a rectangular cross section, which is configured as a cross in FIG. 20. Even if the reinforcing member 432 is changed as described above, the rigidity and strength of the steel pipe 431 are improved.

[0071] As a modification of corner member 430 according to embodiment 4, interior 438 of steel pipe 431 may be filled with a filler such as concrete instead of reinforcing member 432. By filling interior 438 of steel pipe 431 with concrete, deformation of steel pipe 431 can be suppressed, and steel pipe 431 can be strengthened without reinforcing member 432. Note that steel pipe 431 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape and is therefore relatively strong even without reinforcing member 432 and filler, and therefore can be used as corner member 430 without being reinforced.

[0072] The configurations shown in the above embodiments are merely examples, and the embodiments can be combined with each other. For example, the same retaining structure may include both corner members 30 and 230, and may be reinforced using both stiffening members 20 and corner stiffening members 60. The above embodiments can also be combined with other known techniques, and some of the configurations can be omitted or modified without departing from the scope of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0073] 10 retaining member, 11 axial connection portion, 12 connection portion, 13 horizontal flange portion, 13a (second) connection hole, 13b tip portion, 14 main body, 15 web portion, 16 convex portion, 16a inner wall portion, 17 (second) outer wall portion, 17b outer wall portion, 18 (first) outer wall portion, 19 vertical flange portion, 19a (first) connection hole, 20 stiffening member, 21 flange, 22 web, 23 connection hole, 25 insertion portion, 30 corner member, 30A corner member, 30B corner member, 31 angle member, 32 reinforcing member, 32a reinforcing member, 32b reinforcing member, 32c reinforcing member, 33 flat plate portion, 35 tip portion, 36 welded portion, 36a welded portion, 36b welded portion, 36c welded portion, 40 connecting member, 41 Tip portion, 41a tip, 41b plate surface, 42 connecting metal fitting body, 42a clamping side end portion, 42b insertion side end portion, 42c edge, 42d edge, 43 clamping portion, 43a tip portion, 43b abutment portion, 45 insertion portion, 46 protrusion portion, 50 retaining unit, 60 corner stiffening member, 80 connecting metal fitting, 92 ground, 93 space portion, 94 vertical shaft, 95 excavation wall surface, 100 retaining structure, 100a retaining structure, 200 retaining structure, 230 corner member, 231 angle member, 232 reinforcing member, 233 flat plate portion, 239 connecting hole, 260 corner member, 300 retaining structure, 330 corner member, 330A corner member, 332 reinforcing member, 400 Earth retaining structure, 430 corner member, 431 steel pipe, 432 reinforcing member, 433 flat plate part, 434 flat plate part, 435 end part, 438 interior, C central axis, N neutral axis, a1 area, a2 area, a3 area, aa1 area, aa2 area, aa3 area, b area.

Claims

1. A corner member that connects two retaining members whose cross-sectional shape perpendicular to a first direction is processed into a wave shape by crossing the first direction of each of the retaining members, An angle member formed by connecting the plate-shaped portions of the two retaining members perpendicular to the first direction so that the cross-sectional shape parallel to the first direction is L-shaped; A reinforcing member that connects the tip ends of the two plate-shaped portions to each other; a plurality of welds that join the reinforcing member and the plate-shaped portion, When the area A is defined as the area in which the portion of the corrugated cross-sectional shape of the earth retaining member that protrudes toward the tip end of the plate-shaped portion of the angle member from the neutral line of the corrugation of the earth retaining member is located in a height direction perpendicular to the first direction of each of the two earth retaining members, Each of the plurality of welds is The area is divided and arranged in a height direction so as to overlap the area A, A corner member is provided at a location in the reinforcing member where the tips of the two plate-shaped portions are pulled toward each other and deformed so as to open.

2. The reinforcing member is 2. The corner member according to claim 1, wherein the corner member is a steel plate having an edge disposed along the tip ends of the two plate-shaped portions and a plate surface facing the connection portion of the two plate-shaped portions.

3. The reinforcing member is A plurality of reinforcing members are included; Each of the plurality of reinforcing members is The corner member of claim 2 comprising a plurality of said welds.

4. The reinforcing member is 2. The corner member according to claim 1, which is a steel plate arranged with its plate surface oriented in the height direction.

5. The reinforcing member is A plurality of reinforcing members are included; Each of the plurality of reinforcing members is The corner member according to claim 4 , disposed in said region A.

6. The reinforcing member is 2. The corner member according to claim 1, wherein the corner member is a steel bar whose longitudinal direction crosses the height direction and which is welded to a tip of the plate-shaped portion.

7. a main body having a corrugated cross-sectional shape perpendicular to a first direction and one end face in the first direction joined to the plate-shaped portion of the angle member; The corner member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: a vertical flange portion provided on the other end face of the main body in the first direction.

8. The plate-shaped portion of the angle member is The corner member according to any one of claims 4 to 7, having a connecting hole arranged in the region A and penetrating in the first direction.

9. A corner member according to any one of claims 1 to 8; A plurality of soil retaining members formed by joining vertical flange portions to both end faces in the first direction of a body having a corrugated cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the first direction, The plurality of earth retaining members and the corner members are An earth retaining structure connected in a first direction to form an earth retaining unit.

10. The retaining structure according to claim 9, which is formed by connecting a plurality of the retaining units in the vertical direction.

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