Fire grates and methods for monitoring fire grates

Abstract

To enable monitoring of a fire grate, in particular, reliable monitoring of the actual advance of the fire grate.SOLUTION: A fire grate 1 for waste incineration facility includes: a driver unit 4; a plurality of fire grate bar rows 2, each having a fire grate bar support 2a that rotatably supports a plurality of fire grate bars 2b; and a fire grate mechanism 3. The driver unit 4 is operatively coupled with at least some of the fire grate bar rows 2 through the fire grate mechanism 3, allowing motion to be introduced to the fire grate bars 2b. According to the invention, the fire grate mechanism 3 has at least one gradient sensor 5a, 5b to determine and output gradient information. The gradient information is created according to the gradient N of the gradient sensor 5a, 5b relative to the reference direction R.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire grate as well as to a method for monitoring said fire grate according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention is applicable everywhere fire grates are used, preferably in waste incineration plants.

[0002] For grate combustion in waste incineration plants, thrust grates or roll grates are used, which are known per se and have a drive unit, a grate mechanism and a row of grate bars, the latter being the component of the grate that actually comes into contact with the combustion material, the latter being operatively connected via the grate mechanism to the drive unit, by which the latter can be driven and by which the transport and / or fanning of the entrained combustion material is achieved in the usual way.

[0003] Part of the grate mechanism is, for example, a shaft, in particular a torsion shaft, in the case of a thrust grate, the torsion shaft being designed so that the grate bars of the thrust grate are driven via the grate bar supports, so that the resting combustion material can be transported and / or fanned during combustion by rotation of the torsion shaft, however, other grate mechanisms for the transmission of the drive movement are also possible.

[0004] To enable the movement or rotation of the torsion shaft, various drive units can be provided which are operatively connected with the torsion shaft of the grate arrangement. The torsion shaft of the thrust grate can be driven, for example, via a hydraulic cylinder as drive unit, so that the transport speed of the combustion material on the grate rod row can be optimally adapted in each case to the locally different combustion conditions.

[0005] To monitor the functional state of the grate, the grate feed is usually measured indirectly via a displacement sensor in the drive unit itself, for example in a hydraulic cylinder. In the event of a drive unit failure, a corresponding response is obtained. However, in the event of a failure of a component downstream of the drive unit, in particular a component of the grate mechanism, the drive unit continues to function unaffected, while the grate bar train itself is stationary or does not function as expected, so that no actual feed of the grate takes place. Such a failure of the grate mechanism is therefore usually undetectable.

[0006] Additionally, US Pat. No. 5,399,636 describes the implementation of wire-tensioned or pull-out transmitters to detect the change in length due to the movement of the grate bars. In US Pat. No. 5,399,636 the movement of the drive unit is monitored via end or limit switches. However, there is no monitoring of the grate mechanism. US Pat. No. 5,399,636 describes the thermal monitoring of the burning material via a camera. Furthermore, US Pat. No. 5,399,636 describes a grate mechanism and a grate with a non-contact sensor. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] China Patent Publication No. 112577057 [Patent Document 2] UK Patent No. 1223668 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20150000573 [Patent Document 4] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20200182462 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The object of the invention is to enable reliable monitoring of the grate, in particular of the actual feed of the grate. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] This problem is solved by a grate having the features of claim 1 as well as a method according to claim 7. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0010] According to the disclosure, a grate for a waste incineration plant is provided, which comprises a drive unit, preferably a hydraulic unit with a hydraulic cylinder, a grate bar row, each of which has grate bar supports rotatably supported on a number of grate bars, and a grate mechanism following the drive unit in the force direction or action direction, the drive unit being operatively connected to at least some of the grate bar rows via the grate mechanism in such a way that a movement is introduced into the grate bars, whereby the loaded combustion material is conveyed and / or fanned, preferably not all grate bar rows are driven, for example only every other grate bar row, the intervening grate bar rows being non-driven grate bar rows.

[0011] According to the invention, the grate mechanism then has at least one tilt sensor for determining and outputting tilt information, which is formed as a function of the tilt of the tilt sensor relative to a reference direction, whereby from this tilt information the position of at least the respective component of the grate mechanism in which the at least one tilt sensor is arranged can be determined.

[0012] By operative connection is understood any kind of mechanical connection that is suitable for transmitting motion between the drive unit and the driven grate bar rows, i.e. the operative connection allows a flow of forces from the drive unit to the respective grate bar rows.

[0013] The tilt information acquired by the tilt sensors on the respective components of the grate system is used to determine the movement of the grate system, from which the movement of the grate rods can also be deduced.Therefore, the grate monitoring method according to the invention can be carried out, for example, by transmitting the tilt information acquired by the at least one tilt sensor to a control device in the waste incineration plant, which can then process the tilt information accordingly and respond thereto.

[0014] In comparison with the prior art, the advantage is thus achieved that already during operation of the grate, the movement of the grate is not monitored by observing the movement of the drive unit, i.e. not at the start of the movement, but by observing the movement of the grate mechanism further ahead in the direction of force flow. If one of the components of the grate mechanism fails due to a fault, this can be immediately determined, for which at least one tilt sensor is arranged in preferably at least one component of the grate mechanism, which component is selected from the group consisting of torsion shafts, bolts, preferably flange bolts, connecting rods, bearings, torsion levers.

[0015] The component of the grate arrangement on which the tilt sensor is attached must in particular be free of or have only a few highly loaded connections that can fail in the further force flow or further functional connections of the component to the grate bar row, so that it is ensured that if a component of the grate arrangement fails in the force flow or functional chain from the drive unit to the grate bar row, this can be detected via the tilt sensor.

[0016] For this purpose, preferably, the torsion shaft of the grate mechanism runs parallel to the grate bar row and cooperates with the grate bar support via an upper torsion lever and with the drive unit via a lower torsion lever, and at least one tilt sensor is arranged on at least one end face of the torsion shaft and / or on the upper and / or lower torsion lever for determining and outputting tilt information. The tilt information determined by the tilt sensor on at least one end face of the torsion shaft or on the respective torsion lever makes it possible to make reliable statements about the movement of the grate mechanism at a position located "backwards" in the aforementioned working chain and thus with high certainty about the movement of the grate bar row and finally about the actual feed of the grate. A reliable statement of the actual feed of the grate is thereby obtained.

[0017] Preferably, a tilt sensor is additionally arranged on the opposing end faces of the torsion shaft and / or on the opposing torsion levers (on the side of the grate) or on opposing further components of the grate mechanism, so that the movement of the grate mechanism can be monitored separately and / or redundantly per side, so that further estimates regarding the operation of the grate can also be obtained, such as, for example, the individual mechanical loads per side.

[0018] The grate monitoring according to the invention allows in the simplest case a functional test of the grate according to the invention described above, in which if the inclination captured by at least one inclination sensor and output via the inclination information differs from the desired inclination expected in the grate operation during the operation of the drive unit, an error or fault of the grate mechanism and thus of the grate is detected and output, for example with an error message. This means that the inclination output via the inclination information does not change (dN=0, N=constant) contrary to the expectation in the operation of the grate (NSoll= / =0 [NSoll not equal to 0], N=changing) that the grate rods should actually move. This very simply indicates damage to the grate mechanism. However, even if the movement capacity of the grate mechanism is reduced or otherwise impaired, a movement deviating from the desired inclination may occur, from which an error or fault can be inferred.

[0019] Furthermore, if the drive unit operates in the same way repeatedly when the grate or grate mechanism is intact, the tilt sensor is expected to always provide the same tilt information or tilt, so that if the tilt information or tilt deviates from this same repeated tilt information, it indicates that a change or a fault has occurred in the drive unit or at least the grate mechanism, which may cause them to malfunction.

[0020] It is therefore possible to perform a functional test of the grate drive unit and the grate mechanism during operation, thereby reducing downtime.

[0021] The method of the present invention further provides that a number of inclination sensors, in particular two inclination sensors arranged on opposite end faces of the torsion shaft or other component of the grate mechanism, can be used to compare the inclination and / or inclination information determined by the different inclination sensors individually for each side, whereby by comparing the inclination and / or inclination changes of the inclination sensors on opposite sides of the grate mechanism, in particular the inclination sensors on opposite end faces of the torsion shaft of the grate mechanism, a torsion difference can be determined from which it can be derived whether the mechanical load on the grate is uniform or biased to one side.

[0022] The twist difference can then be thought of as a measure for the twist of the torsion shaft along the long axis of the torsion shaft, or for other components of the grate mechanism, the difference in tilt from side to side.

[0023] In the case of a uniform grate load, the introduction of a drive movement on one side results in a specific twist along the longitudinal axis of the torsion shaft, which corresponds to a side-by-side difference in the tilt of the tilt sensor and can be captured by evaluating the tilt information accordingly. This specific twist in the case of a uniform load can preferably also be expressed as a reference twist difference. However, this reference twist difference can also be selected in the case of other loads.

[0024] When the grate is loaded unevenly, the twist difference captured by the tilt sensor deviates from this reference twist difference: if the load on the grate side of the drive lead-in increases, the twist difference decreases compared to the reference twist difference, whereas if the load on the grate side opposite the drive lead-in increases, the twist difference increases.

[0025] Thus, in this simple manner, the tilt sensor can be used to deduce whether the mechanical load on the grate is uniform or uneven.

[0026] The invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of an embodiment and two figures. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0027] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a grate for a waste incineration facility, the grate being in a first position. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows the grate of FIG. 1 in a second position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0028] In Fig. 1, a grate 1 in the form of a thrust grate is shown in a first position and comprises a drive unit 4, a grate mechanism 3 and a grate bar row 2, which consists of a number of grate bars 2b supported on grate bar supports 2a, with the grate bars 2b of adjacent grate bar rows 2 overlapping each other like roof tiles. The drive unit 4 is operatively connected to the grate bar rows 2 via the grate mechanism 3, the drive unit 4 being formed by a hydraulic cylinder 8. However, other types of drives may also be used which perform the same function.

[0029] The grate mechanism 3 transmits the starting movement of the drive unit 4 to the grate bar support 2a of each grate bar row 2 by means of bolts 9, e.g. flange bolts, connecting rods 7, lower torsion levers 11a, bearings 10, torsion shafts 6 and upper torsion levers 11b. This drive movement and the overlapping of adjacent grate bar rows 2 like roof tiles can cause the feeding and fanning of the combustion material (not shown) resting on the grate bars, as is well known.

[0030] A first tilt sensor 5a is attached to a first end face 6a of the torsion shaft 6 that is visible in Fig. 1. Furthermore, a second tilt sensor 5b is attached to the opposing second end face 6b of the torsion shaft 6, which is not visible in Fig. 1. In a simple embodiment, only one of the two tilt sensors 5a, 5b may be provided.

[0031] At this time, each tilt sensor 5a, 5b measures the tilt N of the tilt sensor 5a, 5b relative to the reference direction R and generates tilt information I corresponding to the tilt N. This tilt information I can be output via tilt signals Sa, Sb. When the torsion shaft 6 rotates, the tilt N of the tilt sensors 5a, 5b on the respective end faces 6a, 6b also changes relative to the reference direction R, so that the tilt information I correlates with the rotational position of the torsion shaft 6.

[0032] 1, if it is assumed that in this rotational position of the torsion shaft 6 the inclination sensors 5a, 5b are oriented in the reference direction R, then the first inclination N1 measured by the inclination sensors 5a, 5b amounts to, for example, 0°. Correspondingly, this first inclination N1 can be output via the inclination information I. In this first inclination N1, the hydraulic cylinder 8 of the drive unit 4 is retracted.

[0033] In figure 2 the grate 1 of figure 1 is shown in a second position, where the same parts are given the same reference numerals. In the second position of the grate 1 the hydraulic cylinder 8 is fully extended, whereby the position of the grate rods 2 is also changed, by the already mentioned operative connection via the grate mechanism 3. By repeatedly changing from the first position (figure 1) to the second position (figure 2) it is possible, for example, to feed and fan the combustion material (not shown) resting on the grate rods 2.

[0034] In the second position of the grate 1 shown in Fig. 2, a second inclination N2 relative to the reference direction R, measured by the inclination sensors 5a, 5b attached to the end faces 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6, is, for example, about -30° and can be output accordingly as inclination information I. Between the fully extended position (Fig. 2) and the fully retracted position (Fig. 1) of the hydraulic cylinder 8, a further inclination N can likewise be captured by the inclination sensors 5a, 5b and the corresponding inclination information I can be output via the respective inclination signals Sa, Sb. In this way, a certain inclination N or a certain inclination information I can be assigned to each position of the drive unit 4 or the hydraulic cylinder 8.

[0035] The tilt information I determined by the tilt sensors 5a, 5b can be transmitted via tilt signals Sa, Sb to a control device 20 in the control center of the waste incineration plant. This allows monitoring of the grate 1 during operation, in particular its functionality. If the drive unit 4 and the components of the grate mechanism 3 are functional, the first position (FIG. 1) and the second position (FIG. 2) are periodically repeated, which results in a periodically repeated tilt N; N1, N2 or tilt information I, which is captured by the tilt sensors 5a, 5b.

[0036] However, if, for example, the connecting rod 7 breaks due to excessive mechanical load or fatigue or if the bearing 10 tilts, the rotational position of the torsion shaft 6 also no longer changes as expected, so that the periodically repeating setpoint tilt NSoll is no longer obtained as expected by the tilt sensors 5a, 5b and is not output via the tilt information I. It can therefore be concluded that there is an error in the drive unit 4 and / or in the grate mechanism 3 if the tilt information I no longer conveys the expected setpoint tilt NSoll.

[0037] The advantage compared to the prior art is that the monitoring of the movement takes place further back in the chain of action: if it is determined, for example, that the torsion shaft 6 is no longer rotating, while the hydraulic cylinder 8 is still extending or retracting, the present invention allows one to conclude that there is a mechanical fault between these two components.

[0038] One of the tilt sensors 5a, 5b is sufficient for the described functional test of the grate 1. In principle, it is also possible to mount the tilt sensor at a location other than the end face 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6, for example at another component of the grate mechanism 3, for example at the bolt 9, the lower torsion lever 11b or the upper torsion lever 11a. In that case, a condition for the position of one or both of the tilt sensors 5a, 5b is that a change in the tilt N or in the tilt information I occurs at said position when the drive unit 4 is activated.

[0039] Further attention should be paid to choosing a position where the respective tilt sensors 5a, 5b are not subjected to too high a thermal load. The closer the tilt sensors 5a, 5b are to the combustion material B resting on the grate rods 2, the higher the thermal load, even if they are in the lower blowing area. Therefore, in order to ensure continuous error-free operation in monitoring the grate 1, it is necessary to avoid, as far as possible, mounting the tilt sensors 5a, 5b on the grate mechanism 3 above or immediately above the torsion shaft 6.

[0040] The embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 with two tilt sensors 5a, 5b mounted on opposite end faces 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6 makes it possible, inter alia, to monitor the unevenness of the mechanical load of the grate 1 as follows:

[0041] If the transport of the combustion material on the grate rod row 2 is uneven on one side, i.e., for example, if there is particularly more combustion material on the side of the grate rod row 2 opposite the drive unit 4 compared to the upper side of the drive unit 4, this can lead to uneven, strong mechanical loads on one side of the torsion shaft 6 during operation of the grate 1, which causes the torsion shaft 6 to twist.

[0042] This twisting of the torsion shaft 6 can be detected by the different rotational positions of the end faces 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6 and / or by the different magnitude of the changes in these rotational positions during operation of the grate 1 due to the one-sided action of the drive (via the connecting rod 7 acting on the torsion shaft 6 only on one side). This can be captured by the inclination sensors 5a, 5b arranged on the opposite end faces 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6, for which purpose the inclination information I is captured correspondingly separately for each side and compared with each other.

[0043] For functional monitoring, the following steps are taken, for example: determining the torsion difference D by comparing the tilt N measured by the tilt sensors 5a, 5b arranged on the opposing end faces 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6 and transmitted via the tilt information I and / or the tilt change dN resulting therefrom, - determining, as a function of the torsion difference D, whether the load on the grate 1 is uniform or non-uniform, in particular whether the mechanical load is biased; can be executed.

[0044] Thus, from the transmitted tilt information I, the difference in tilt N at both end faces 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6 and / or the difference in tilt change dN at both end faces 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6 can be obtained and output as a torsion difference D. This torsion difference D can be regarded as an indicator of an uneven mechanical load on the torsion shaft 6 and thus of an uneven transport of the combustion material on the fire grate 1.

[0045] As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the introduction of the drive movement to the torsion shaft 6 is carried out on one side, i.e. in the region of the second end face 6b of the torsion shaft 6. If the load on the grate 1 is uniform, the waste bed is uniformly present over the entire grate 1. Since the drive movement is introduced only on one side, the torsion shaft 6 has a torsion difference D along the longitudinal direction of the torsion shaft 6. Hereinafter, this torsion difference D in the case of a uniform load on the grate 1 is called the reference torsion difference RD. The value of this torsion difference D is calculated from the difference between the inclination N1 of the first inclination sensor 6a and the inclination N2 of the second inclination sensor 5b, where the inclination sensors 5a, 5b are attached to the end faces 6a, 6b of the torsion shaft 6. In the case of a uniform load on the grate 1, the reference torsion difference RD is, for example, 1.2 °.

[0046] If there is particularly a lot of material to be burned on one side of the grate 1 above the first end face 6a of the torsion shaft 6, i.e. on the side facing the drive lead-in, the torsion difference D relative to the reference torsion difference RD increases, for example to 2.1°. In contrast, if there is particularly a lot of material to be burned on the grate 1 above the second end face 6b of the torsion shaft, i.e. on the side facing the drive lead-in, the torsion difference D relative to the reference torsion difference RD decreases, for example to 0.3°. From the deviation of the torsion difference D from the reference torsion difference RD, determined by the tilt sensors 5a, 5b, a statement can thus be made about the mechanical load on the grate 1.

[0047] In order to take into account different overall loads, for example different waste bed heights, the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic unit 8 can also be utilized and the reference twist difference RD can be calculated automatically accordingly.

[0048] If it is determined by the above-described method that the mechanical load of, for example, the grate 1 is unevenly distributed, measures can be taken to prevent overloading of the grate 1 . This application relates to the invention described in the claims, but may also include the following configurations as other aspects: 1. A grate (1) for a waste incineration facility, comprising: a drive unit (4), - a plurality of grate bar rows (2), each having a grate bar support (2a) on which a plurality of grate bars (2b) are rotatably supported; -Grate mechanism (3), the drive unit (4) being operatively connected to at least some of the grate bar rows (2) via a grate mechanism (3) so that a movement is introduced into the grate bars (2b), The grate mechanism (3) has at least one inclination sensor (5a, 5b) for determining and outputting inclination information (I) of the grate (1) which is formed as a function of the inclination (N) of the inclination sensor (5a, 5b) relative to a reference direction (R). 2. The at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) is arranged on at least one component of the grate mechanism (3), which component is selected from the group consisting of a torsion shaft (6), a bolt (9), which is preferably a flange bolt, a connecting rod (7), a bearing (10), a torsion lever (11a, 11b). 3. The torsion shaft (6) of the grate mechanism (3) extends parallel to the grate bar row (2) and cooperates with the grate bar support (2a) via an upper torsion lever (11a) and with the drive unit (4) via a lower torsion lever (11b); A fire grate (1) as described in claim 2, wherein at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) is arranged on the end face (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6) and / or on the upper torsion lever (11a) and / or on the lower torsion lever (11b) for determining and outputting tilt information (I). 4. The fire grate (1) according to the above item 3, wherein one inclination sensor (5a, 5b) is disposed on each of the opposing end faces (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6). 5. 5. A grate (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tilt information (I) captured by at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) is transmittable to a control device (20) in a waste incineration facility. 6. 6. The grate (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the drive unit (4) has a hydraulic unit (8), which is preferably a hydraulic cylinder. 7. A method for monitoring a grate (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 during the operation of a drive unit (4) of said grate (1), comprising at least the following steps: - reading and processing tilt information (I) of at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b); - determining the inclination (N) of at least one inclination sensor (5a, 5b) arranged on the grate arrangement (3) relative to a reference direction (R); - comparing the determined tilt (N) of at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) with a target tilt (NSoll) resulting from a position change of the drive unit (4) and / or comparing the tilts (N) and / or tilt information (I) of different tilt sensors (5a, 5b). 8. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein an error or failure of the grate mechanism (3) is detected and output when the inclination (N) captured by at least one inclination sensor (5a, 5b) during operation of the drive unit (4) and output via the inclination information (I) differs from the target inclination (NSoll). 9. In order to compare the tilt (N) and / or tilt information (I) of the different tilt sensors (5a, 5b), - determining the torsion difference (D) by comparing the tilt (N) and / or tilt change (dN) of tilt sensors (5a, 5b) on opposite sides of the grate system (3), in particular on opposite end faces (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6) of the grate system (3); 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising the step of: determining from said torsion difference (D) whether the mechanical load on the grate (1) is uniform or biased. 10. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the torsion difference (D) is formed from the difference between the inclinations (N) of the inclination sensors (5a, 5b) on opposite sides of the grate mechanism (3), in particular on both end faces (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6), and / or from the difference between the inclination changes (dN) of the inclination sensors (5a, 5b) on opposite sides of the grate mechanism (3), in particular on both end faces (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6). 11. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the determination of whether the mechanical load of the grate (1) is uniform or biased is carried out from the twist difference (D) by comparing the twist difference (D) with a reference twist difference (RD), said reference twist difference (RD) being, for example, the twist difference (D) that occurs when the load of the grate (1) is uniform. [Explanation of symbols]

[0049] 1. Grate 2 grate bar rows 2a Grate bar support 2b grate bar 3 Grate mechanism 4 Drive unit 5a, 5b 1st / 2nd tilt sensor 6 Torsion shaft 6a: First end surface of torsion shaft 6 6b: second end surface of the torsion shaft 6 7 Connecting rod 8 Hydraulic Unit 9 Volts 10 Bearings 11a Upper torsion lever 11b Lower torsion lever 20 Control device D Twist difference RD Standard torsion difference I slope information N Tilt N1 1st slope N2 2nd slope NSoll target slope dN Slope change R Reference direction Sa, Sb 1st / 2nd slope signal

Claims

1. A grate (1) for a waste incineration facility, comprising: - drive unit (4), - a number of grate bar rows (2), each having a grate bar support (2a) on which a number of grate bars (2b) are rotatably supported, - grate mechanism (3), having the drive unit (4) is operatively connected to at least some of the grate bar rows (2) via a grate mechanism (3) so that motion is introduced into the grate bars (2b); A grate (1), the grate mechanism (3) having at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) for determining and outputting tilt information (I), the tilt information (I) being formed as a function of a tilt (N) of the tilt sensor (5a, 5b) relative to a reference direction (R), the tilt information (I) correlating with a rotational position of at least one component of the grate mechanism (3), During operation of the drive unit (4) of the grate (1), the tilt information (I) of said at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) is read and processed; the inclination (N) of the at least one inclination sensor (5a, 5b) arranged on the grate arrangement (3) relative to a reference direction (R) is determined; the determined tilt (N) of the at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) is compared with a setpoint tilt (NSoll) resulting from a change in position of the drive unit (4) and / or the tilts (N) and / or tilt information (I) of different tilt sensors (5a, 5b) are compared, The fire grate (1),

2. 2. The grate (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) is arranged on at least one component of the grate mechanism (3), which component is selected from the group consisting of a torsion shaft (6), a bolt (9), preferably a flange bolt, a connecting rod (7), a bearing (10), a torsion lever (11a, 11b).

3. The torsion shaft (6) of the grate mechanism (3) extends parallel to the grate bar row (2) and cooperates with the grate bar support (2a) via an upper torsion lever (11a) and with the drive unit (4) via a lower torsion lever (11b); A grate (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) is arranged on the end face (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6) and / or on the upper torsion lever (11a) and / or on the lower torsion lever (11b) for determining and outputting tilt information (I).

4. 4. The fire grate (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that an inclination sensor (5a, 5b) is arranged on each of the opposing end faces (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6).

5. 2. The grate (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclination information (I) captured by the at least one inclination sensor (5a, 5b) is transmittable to a control device (20) in a waste incineration plant.

6. 2. Grate (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit (4) comprises a hydraulic unit (8), preferably a hydraulic cylinder.

7. A grate (1) for a waste incineration facility, comprising: a drive unit (4); a plurality of grate bar rows (2), each having a grate bar support (2a) on which a plurality of grate bars (2b) are rotatably supported; and a grate mechanism (3); the drive unit (4) is operatively connected to at least some of the grate bar rows (2) via a grate mechanism (3) so that motion is introduced into the grate bars (2b); 1. A method for monitoring a grate (1) during operation of a drive unit (4) of said grate (1), said grate mechanism (3) having at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) for determining and outputting tilt information (I), said tilt information (I) being formed as a function of a tilt (N) of said tilt sensor (5a, 5b) relative to a reference direction (R), said tilt information (I) correlating with a rotational position of at least one component of said grate mechanism (3), comprising: - reading and processing the tilt information (I) of at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b); - determining the inclination (N) of at least one inclination sensor (5a, 5b) arranged on the grate arrangement (3) relative to a reference direction (R); - a comparison of the determined tilt (N) of at least one tilt sensor (5a, 5b) with a target tilt (NSoll) resulting from a position change of the drive unit (4) and / or a comparison of the tilts (N) and / or tilt information (I) of different tilt sensors (5a, 5b).

8. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that an error or a fault in the grate mechanism (3) is detected and output if the inclination (N) captured by at least one inclination sensor (5a, 5b) during operation of the drive unit (4) and output via the inclination information (I) differs from the target inclination (NSoll).

9. In order to compare the tilt (N) and / or tilt information (I) of the different tilt sensors (5a, 5b), - determining the torsion difference (D) by comparing the tilt (N) and / or tilt change (dN) of tilt sensors (5a, 5b) on opposite sides of the grate system (3), in particular on opposite end faces (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6) of the grate system (3); - from said twist difference (D) it is possible to derive whether the mechanical load of the grate (1) is uniform or uneven.

10. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the torsion difference (D) is formed from the difference between the inclinations (N) of the inclination sensors (5a, 5b) on opposite sides of the grate system (3), in particular on both end faces (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6) and / or from the difference between the inclination changes (dN) of the inclination sensors (5a, 5b) on opposite sides of the grate system (3), in particular on both end faces (6a, 6b) of the torsion shaft (6).

11. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the derivation from the twist difference (D) of whether the mechanical load of the grate (1) is uniform or uneven is carried out by comparing the twist difference (D) with a reference twist difference (RD), which is the twist difference (D) that occurs when the load of the grate (1) is uniform.

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