Compositions, kits, methods and uses for cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and / or treatment

Abstract

The present specification discloses compositions comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine in combination with one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, or any combination thereof. The present invention also discloses kits comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of one or more containers containing the compositions disclosed herein or the ingredients that make up the compositions, as well as methods and uses for the compositions and kits.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to and is entitled to the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 977,095, filed February 14, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein.

[0002] Approximately 46.5 million surgical procedures and more invasive medical procedures, including approximately 5 million gastrointestinal endoscopies, are performed annually in the United States. Each procedure involves contact of medical equipment with the patient's sterile tissue or mucosa. The primary risk in all such procedures is the introduction of pathogens that can result in infectious diseases. Failure to properly clean, disinfect, and / or sterilize medical equipment exposes patients to contamination of bodily fluids and / or tissues from previous patients, potentially resulting in interpersonal or environmental transmission of pathogens and infecting large numbers of people.

[0003] Sterilization of medical instruments is preferred because the process destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial viability. However, the high temperatures and pressures used in the sterilization process are not suitable for heat-sensitive medical instruments. Such heat-sensitive equipment must be cleaned using a disinfection process. However, one of the problems associated with currently used disinfection processes is that the type and amount of disinfectant used can have a detrimental effect on the medical instruments. This ultimately results in increased healthcare costs by reducing the overall useful life of the medical instruments and hastening the need to replace the medical instruments with new ones. Furthermore, in light of recent infectious outbreaks due to microbially contaminated medical instruments, there is a need for better disinfection methods than those currently available.

[0004] Disclosed herein are disinfection compositions, methods, and uses that provide superior cleaning and disinfection of contaminant / biofilm hard surfaces and / or heat sensitive medical instruments, and medical instruments, including equipment classified as critical, semi-critical, or non-critical items, while at the same time providing a longer useful life for the hard surfaces and / or medical instruments, with less harshness than conventional compositions, methods, and uses.

[0005] In addition, wounds, whether through surgical procedures or injury, urgently need to be cleaned and disinfected.This specification further discloses disinfection compositions, methods and uses, which provide excellent cleaning and disinfection of tissues and body cavities in wound care, preoperative preparation and surgery, excellent cleaning and disinfection of skin in dermatological applications, excellent cleaning and disinfection of internal or external body cavities, including peritoneum, airway, vagina, bladder and nasal cavity cleaning and disinfection applications, and excellent cleaning and disinfection of eyes in ophthalmic applications.This specification also discloses compositions, methods and uses for treating individuals. Summary of the Invention

[0006] An embodiment of the present specification discloses a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and one or more metal particles. The composition disclosed herein may further comprise one or more metal salts and / or a phosphate buffer, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0007] Another embodiment of the present specification discloses a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and one or more metal salts. The composition disclosed herein may further comprise one or more metal particles and / or a phosphate buffer, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0008] Other aspects of the present disclosure disclose kits that include one or more containers containing the compositions disclosed herein and / or one or more containers containing components of the compositions disclosed herein. The disclosed kits further include one or more delivery or application systems, and / or instructions, and / or containers.

[0009] Other aspects of the present specification disclose methods for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a device. The disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to a device, where application of the composition cleans, disinfects, and / or sterilizes the device. The disclosed methods may further include rinsing the cleaned, disinfected, and / or sterilized device with a rinse solution disclosed herein. In other aspects, the present specification discloses compositions disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a device. In other aspects, the present specification discloses use of the disclosed composition to clean, disinfect, and / or sterilize a device.

[0010] Other aspects of the present specification disclose methods for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a surface area. The disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to a surface area, where application of the composition cleans, disinfects, and / or sterilizes the surface area. The disclosed methods may further include rinsing the cleaned, disinfected, and / or sterilized surface area with a rinse solution disclosed herein. In other aspects, the present specification discloses compositions disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a surface area. In other aspects, the present specification discloses use of the disclosed compositions to clean, disinfect, and / or sterilize a surface area.

[0011] Other aspects of the present specification disclose methods for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a wound in an individual. The disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to the individual, where application of the composition cleanses, disinfects, and / or sterilizes the wound. In other aspects, the present specification discloses compositions disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a wound in an individual. In other aspects, the present specification discloses the use of the disclosed compositions for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a wound in an individual. In other aspects, the present specification discloses the use of the disclosed compositions in the manufacture of a medicament for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a wound in an individual.

[0012] Other aspects of the present specification disclose methods for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing an infection in an individual. The disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, where application of the composition cleans, disinfects, and / or sterilizes the infection. In other aspects, the present specification discloses compositions disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing an infection in an individual. In other aspects, the present specification discloses the use of the disclosed compositions to clean, disinfect, and / or sterilize an infection in an individual. In other aspects, the present specification discloses the use of the disclosed compositions in the manufacture of a medicament for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing an infection in an individual. The infection can be a microbial infection.

[0013] Another aspect of the present specification discloses a method for treating a wound in an individual. The disclosed method includes applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, where application of the composition promotes wound healing. In another aspect, the present specification discloses a composition disclosed herein for use in treating a wound in an individual. In another aspect, the present specification discloses a use of the disclosed composition for treating a wound in an individual. In another aspect, the present specification discloses a use of the disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a wound in an individual.

[0014] Detailed Description The compositions disclosed herein have increased stability and efficacy due to the protection of hypochlorous acid. In part, the compositions can protect hypochlorous acid from exposure to harmful agents, including, for example, organic compounds, reactive compounds, positively charged molecules, or other compounds that promote or facilitate the decomposition of hypochlorous acid. For example, the disclosed compositions are stable in serum and in plastic packaging materials. Furthermore, when hypochlorous acid is protected from this exposure, a synergistic effect of efficacy is observed. This significant improvement in efficacy allows a smaller amount of hypochlorous acid to be used in the disclosed compositions. Since hypochlorous acid at a concentration of more than 350 ppm, especially more than 500 ppm, leads to instability, the smaller amount of hypochlorous acid used in the disclosed compositions further increases the stability of the compositions. Thus, the compositions disclosed herein are expected to replace any conventional hypochlorous acid compositions currently on the market and already developed. Uses include tissue cleaning / disinfection in wound care and surgery, skin cleaning / disinfection in dermatological applications, eye cleaning / disinfection in ophthalmic applications, hard surface contamination / biofilm cleaning / disinfection, and medical equipment contamination cleaning / disinfection.

[0015] The stability of the compositions disclosed herein may be due to the positively charged atoms of the metal particles, metal salts, and / or phosphate buffers, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, disclosed herein. Such compounds appear to form strong ionic interactions with negatively charged (OCl-), and thus the complex formed retains its stability over a long period of time compared to hypochlorous acid alone, which is a weaker complex in solution compared to the compositions disclosed herein. For example, in the presence of copper chloride, hypochlorous acid forms copper hypochlorite and HCl, and in the presence of zinc chloride, hypochlorous acid forms zinc hypochlorite and HCl. By replacing sodium hydroxide with calcium oxide, a less basic solution is formed, because calcium oxide forms calcium hypochlorite and water in the presence of hypochlorous acid. The reduced level of base increases the stability of copper hypochlorite and zinc hypochlorite, since there is less base to react with zinc ions and copper ions, thereby maintaining the stability of copper hypochlorite and zinc hypochlorite. Additionally, the use of hypochlorous acid at 500 ppm or less, particularly 350 ppm or less, further increases the stability of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0016] The improved efficacy of the compositions disclosed herein may be due, in part, to the formation of chemical bonds with the material of the metal particles, metal salts, and / or phosphate buffers, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, disclosed herein, thereby providing long-term activity in combination with free OCl(-), which has its own antimicrobial activity.

[0017] The composition disclosed herein can comprise hypochlorous acid.The chemical formula of hypochlorous acid, which is a weak acid, is HOCl, and its molecular formula is written as HClO.As shown in formula I, hypochlorous acid is a simple molecule with a central oxygen atom that is bonded to a chlorine atom and a hydrogen atom through a single bond, and its molar mass is 52.46g / mol. [ka]

[0018] Hypochlorous acid is a colorless solution whose exact physical properties vary depending on the concentration of hypochlorous acid in the solution. Hypochlorous acid reacts with bases to form salts called hypochlorites. For example, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the active ingredient in bleach, is formed by reacting hypochlorous acid with sodium hydroxide. Hypochlorous acid also reacts readily with a variety of organic and biological molecules.

[0019] Hypochlorous acid solution can be produced, for example, by dissolving chlorine in water, hydrolysis of chlorine gas, electrolysis of salt solution, or acidification of hypochlorite. For example, stable hypochlorite, such as alkali metal hypochlorite such as sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and magnesium hypochlorite, can be obtained by dissolving chlorine gas in an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, lithium hydroxide solution, or magnesium hydroxide solution. Hypochlorous acid can also be prepared by dissolving dichlorine monoxide in water. As another example, hypochlorous acid can also be produced by electrolysis of saline solution. In one method, electric current is applied to a one-, two-, or three-compartment cell that includes a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a central saline solution chamber that is inserted between the other two chambers, where each chamber is separated by a semi-permeable membrane. During electrolysis, sodium chloride (NaCl) is converted into negatively charged chloride (Cl - ) and positively charged sodium (Na + ) At the same time, water dissociates into hydroxide (OH - ) and hydrogen (H + ) and ions are formed. - ) and hydroxide (OH - ) ions move to the anode, lose electrons, and form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl - ) and oxygen (O2 ) and chlorine (Cl 2 ) gas. The reduced water containing hypochlorous acid is then dispensed into a collection chamber for subsequent use. Methods for generating hypochlorous acid are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,914,397, 4,190,638, 4,908,215, 5,322,677, 6,426,066, 7,323,118, 8,062,500, 8,945,630, 9,168,318, and 9,486,479, the entire contents of each of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.

[0020] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount that provides the compositions disclosed herein with desirable beneficial effects.In this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount that provides desirable beneficial effects for the compositions disclosed herein.In this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount that provides desirable beneficial effects for the compositions disclosed herein. 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95pp m, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 80 0ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1, Contains hypochlorous acid in the following amounts: 125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm m, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in an amount of at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. ...05ppm, max 0.10ppm, max 0.20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 15 0ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, max 225ppm, max 250ppm, max 275ppm, max 300ppm, max 325ppm, max 350ppm, max 375ppm, max 400ppm, max 425ppm, max 450ppm, max 475ppm, max 500ppm, max 525ppm, max 550ppm, max 575ppm, max 600ppm, max 625ppm, max 650ppm, max 675ppm, max 70 0ppm, up to 725ppm, up to 750ppm, up to 775ppm, up to 800ppm, up to 825ppm, up to 850ppm, up to 875ppm, up to 900ppm, up to 925ppm, up to 950ppm, up to 975ppm, up to 1,000ppm, up to 1,025ppm, up to 1,050ppm, up to 1075ppm, up to 1,100ppm, up to 1,125ppm, up to 1,150ppm, up to 1,175ppm, up to 1,200ppm m, hypochlorous acid in an amount of up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0021] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein can be, for example, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, m, about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0. 75ppm to about 35ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 40ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 45ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 50ppm, about 0.75ppm ~Approx. 55ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 60ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 65ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 70ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 75p pm, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 100ppm, about 1ppm to about 20ppm, about 1ppm to about 25ppm, about 1ppm to about 30ppm, about 1ppm to about 35ppm, about 1ppm to about 40ppm, about 1ppm to about 45ppm, about 1ppm to about 50ppm, about 1ppm to about 55ppm, about 1ppm to about 60ppm, about 1ppm to about 65ppm, about 1ppm to about 70ppm, about 1ppm to about 75ppm, about 1ppm to about 80ppm, about 1ppm to about 85ppm, about 1ppm to about 90ppm, about 1ppm to about 95ppm, about 1ppm to about 100ppm, about 5ppm to about 20ppm, about 5ppm to about 25ppm, about 5pp m ~ about 30ppm, about 5ppm - about 35ppm, about 5ppm - about 40ppm, about 5ppm - about 45ppm, about 5ppm - about 50ppm, about 5ppm - about 55ppm, about 5ppm - about 60ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65ppm, about 5ppm to about 70ppm, about 5ppm to about 75ppm, about 5ppm to about 80ppm, about 5ppm to about 85ppm, about 5ppm to about 90ppm, about 5ppm to about 95ppm, Approximately 5ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 10ppm to approximately 20ppm, approximately 10ppm to approximately 25ppm, approximately 10ppm to approximately 30ppm, approximately 10ppm to approximately 35ppm, approximately 10ppm to approximately 40ppm, approximately 10ppm The hypochlorous acid is contained in an amount of about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0022] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can have a concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 4 00ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 50ppm, about 10ppm to about 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 125ppm, about 10ppm to about 150ppm, about 10ppm to about 175ppm, about 10ppm to about 200ppm, about 10ppm to about 225ppm, about 10ppm to about 250ppm, about 10ppm to about 275ppm, about 10ppm to about 300ppm, about 10ppm to about 325ppm, about 10ppm to about 350ppm, about 10ppm to about 375ppm, about 10ppm to about 400ppm, about 25ppm to Approximately 50ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 250ppm , about 25ppm to about 275ppm, about 25ppm to about 300ppm, about 25ppm to about 325ppm, about 25ppm to about 350ppm, about 25ppm to about 375ppm, about 25ppm to about 400ppm, about 50ppm to about 75ppm, about 50ppm to about 100ppm, about 50ppm m ~ about 125ppm, about 50ppm - about 150ppm, about 50ppm - about 175ppm, about 50ppm - about 200ppm, about 50ppm - about 225ppm, about 50ppm - about 250ppm, about 50ppm - about 275ppm, about 50ppm - about 300ppm, about 50ppm - about 32 5ppm, about 50ppm to about 350ppm, about 50ppm to about 375ppm, about 50ppm to about 400ppm, about 75ppm to about 100ppm, about 75ppm to about 125ppm, about 75ppm to about 150ppm, about 75ppm to about 175ppm, about 75ppm to about 200ppm,Approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 75ppm to about 400ppm, about 100ppm to about 125ppm, about 100ppm to about 150ppm, about 100ppm to about 175ppm, about 100ppm to about 200ppm, about 100ppm to about 225ppm, about 100p pm ~ about 250ppm, about 100ppm - about 275ppm, about 100ppm - about 300ppm, about 100ppm - about 325ppm, about 100ppm - about 350ppm, about 100ppm - about 375ppm, about 100ppm - about 400 ppm, about 150ppm to about 175ppm, about 150ppm to about 200ppm, about 150ppm to about 225ppm, about 150ppm to about 250ppm, about 150ppm to about 275ppm, about 150ppm to about 300ppm, about 15 0ppm to about 325ppm, about 150ppm to about 350ppm, about 150ppm to about 375ppm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 250ppm, about 200ppm to about 275ppm, about 200ppm to about 300ppm, about 200ppm to about 325ppm, about 200ppm to about 350ppm, about 200ppm to about 375ppm, about 200ppm to about 400ppm, about 250ppm to about 275ppm, It contains hypochlorous acid in an amount of about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0023] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, ~1,700ppm, 400ppm~1,800ppm, 400ppm~1,900ppm, 400ppm~2,000ppm, 500ppm~600ppm, 500ppm~700ppm, 500ppm~800ppm, 500ppm~9 00ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1 ,600ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 500ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 700ppm, about 600ppm to about 800ppm, about 600ppm to about 90 0ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1, 600ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600 ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,700ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,800ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,900ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ About 2,000 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm m, about 1,500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 2 ,000ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,600 The hypochlorous acid is contained in an amount of about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0024] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount of, for example, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid, e.g., at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include hypochlorous acid in an amount of, for example, up to 0.10%, up to 0.11%, up to 0.12%, up to 0.13%, up to 0.14%, up to 0.15%, up to 0.16%, up to 0.17%, up to 0.18%, up to 0.19%, up to 0.2%, up to 0.25%, up to 0.3%, up to 0.35%, up to 0.4%, up to 0.45%, or up to 0.5% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, from about 0.10% to about 0.15% by weight of the composition, from about 0.10% to about 0.20% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.30% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.35% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.40% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.45% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.50% by weight, from about 0.20% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.20% to about 0. The hypochlorous acid is contained in an amount of about 30% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, or about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight.

[0025] The concentration of hypochlorous acid in a solution can be stated in parts per million as free chlorine. Hypochlorous acid is produced by dissolving the hypochlorite ion (OCl - ) and dissolved chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) in equilibrium. The degree of this equilibrium is determined primarily by the salt concentration and pH of the solution. Temperature also affects the ratio of the free chlorine component. Thus, both the FAC and pH need to be known to understand the amount of chlorine present as hypochlorous acid. Generally, when the pH ranges from about 4.0 to about 5.6, about 100% of the available chlorine is present as HOCl. When the pH is reduced below about 4, the dissolved chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) increases. Thus, at a pH of about 3, about 90% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 2, about 75% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 1.5, about 50% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, and at a pH of about 1, about 25% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid. As the pH is increased above about 5.6, the hypochlorite ion (OCl -Thus, at a pH of about 6.5, about 90% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 7, about 75% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 7.5, about 50% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, and at a pH of about 8, about 25% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid.

[0026] The amount of chlorine can be measured by methods known in the art, such as DPD colorimetry (Lamotte Company, Chestertown, Md.), UV spectroscopy, or other known methods established by the Environmental Protection Agency. In the DPD colorimetry, a yellow color is formed by reaction of free chlorine with N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD), and the intensity is measured with a calibrated calorimeter that provides output in parts per million. Further addition of potassium iodide turns the solution pink, providing the total chlorine value.

[0027] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include free chlorine in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effects to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include free chlorine in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effects to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include free chlorine in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effects to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include free chlorine in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effects to the compositions disclosed herein. 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95pp m, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 80 0ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1, Contains free chlorine in the amount of 125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70ppm, at least 0.80ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm , at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free chlorine in an amount of at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free chlorine in an amount of at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10ppm, max 0.20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, max 225ppm, max 250ppm, max 275ppm, max 300ppm, max 325ppm, max 350ppm, max 375ppm, max 400ppm, max 425ppm, max 450ppm, max 475ppm, max 500ppm, max 525ppm, max 550ppm, max 575ppm, max 600ppm, max 625ppm, max 650ppm, max 675ppm, max 700ppm, Maximum 725ppm, Maximum 750ppm, Maximum 775ppm, Maximum 800ppm, Maximum 825ppm, Maximum 850ppm, Maximum 875ppm, Maximum 900ppm, Maximum 925ppm, Maximum 950ppm, Maximum 975ppm, Maximum 1,000ppm, Maximum 1,025ppm, Maximum 1,050ppm, Maximum 1075ppm, Maximum 1,100ppm, Maximum 1,125ppm, Maximum 1,150ppm, Maximum 1,175ppm, Maximum 1,200ppm, Contains free chlorine in an amount of up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0028] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein can be, for example, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, m, about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0. 75ppm to about 35ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 40ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 45ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 50ppm, about 0.75ppm ~Approx. 55ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 60ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 65ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 70ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 75p pm, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 100ppm, about 1ppm to about 20ppm, about 1ppm to about 25ppm, about 1ppm to about 30ppm, about 1ppm to about 35ppm, about 1ppm to about 40ppm, about 1ppm to about 45ppm, about 1ppm to about 50ppm, about 1ppm to about 55ppm, about 1ppm to about 60ppm, about 1ppm to about 65ppm, about 1ppm to about 70ppm, about 1ppm to about 75ppm, about 1ppm to about 80ppm, about 1ppm to about 85ppm, about 1ppm to about 90ppm, about 1ppm to about 95ppm, about 1ppm to about 100ppm, about 5ppm to about 20ppm, about 5ppm to about 25ppm, about 5pp m ~ about 30ppm, about 5ppm - about 35ppm, about 5ppm - about 40ppm, about 5ppm - about 45ppm, about 5ppm - about 50ppm, about 5ppm - about 55ppm, about 5ppm - about 60ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65ppm, about 5ppm to about 70ppm, about 5ppm to about 75ppm, about 5ppm to about 80ppm, about 5ppm to about 85ppm, about 5ppm to about 90ppm, about 5ppm to about 95ppm , about 5ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 20ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 30ppm, about 10ppm to about 35ppm, about 10ppm to about 40ppm, about 10p pm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm of free chlorine.

[0029] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can have a concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 4 00ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 50ppm, about 10ppm to about 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 125ppm, about 10ppm to about 150ppm, about 10ppm to about 175ppm, about 10ppm to about 200ppm, about 10ppm to about 225ppm, about 10ppm to about 250ppm, about 10ppm to about 275ppm, about 10ppm to about 300ppm, about 10ppm to about 325ppm, about 10ppm to about 350ppm, about 10ppm to about 375ppm, about 10ppm to about 400ppm, about 25ppm to Approximately 50ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 250ppm , about 25ppm to about 275ppm, about 25ppm to about 300ppm, about 25ppm to about 325ppm, about 25ppm to about 350ppm, about 25ppm to about 375ppm, about 25ppm to about 400ppm, about 50ppm to about 75ppm, about 50ppm to about 100ppm, about 50ppm m ~ about 125ppm, about 50ppm - about 150ppm, about 50ppm - about 175ppm, about 50ppm - about 200ppm, about 50ppm - about 225ppm, about 50ppm - about 250ppm, about 50ppm - about 275ppm, about 50ppm - about 300ppm, about 50ppm - about 32 5ppm, about 50ppm to about 350ppm, about 50ppm to about 375ppm, about 50ppm to about 400ppm, about 75ppm to about 100ppm, about 75ppm to about 125ppm, about 75ppm to about 150ppm, about 75ppm to about 175ppm, about 75ppm to about 200ppm,Approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 75ppm to about 400ppm, about 100ppm to about 125ppm, about 100ppm to about 150ppm, about 100ppm to about 175ppm, about 100ppm to about 200ppm, about 100ppm to about 225ppm, about 100p pm ~ about 250ppm, about 100ppm - about 275ppm, about 100ppm - about 300ppm, about 100ppm - about 325ppm, about 100ppm - about 350ppm, about 100ppm - about 375ppm, about 100ppm - about 400 ppm, about 150ppm to about 175ppm, about 150ppm to about 200ppm, about 150ppm to about 225ppm, about 150ppm to about 250ppm, about 150ppm to about 275ppm, about 150ppm to about 300ppm, about 15 0ppm to about 325ppm, about 150ppm to about 350ppm, about 150ppm to about 375ppm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 250ppm, about 200ppm to about 275ppm, about 200ppm to about 300ppm, about 200ppm to about 325ppm, about 200ppm to about 350ppm, about 200ppm to about 375ppm, about 200ppm to about 400ppm, about 250ppm to about 275ppm, It contains free chlorine in an amount of about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0030] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, ~1,700ppm, 400ppm~1,800ppm, 400ppm~1,900ppm, 400ppm~2,000ppm, 500ppm~600ppm, 500ppm~700ppm, 500ppm~800ppm, 500ppm~9 00ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1 ,600ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 500ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 700ppm, about 600ppm to about 800ppm, about 600ppm to about 90 0ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1, 600ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600 ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,700ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,800ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,900ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ About 2,000 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm m, about 1,500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,60 It contains free chlorine in an amount of 0 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0031] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise free chlorine in an amount of, for example, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise free chlorine in an amount, for example, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise free chlorine in an amount, e.g., by weight of the composition, at most 0.10%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.11%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.12%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.13%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.14%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.15%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.16%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.17%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.18%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.19%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.2%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.25%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.35%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.4%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.45%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.5%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.10%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.11%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.12%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.13%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.14%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.15%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.16%, by weight of the composition, at most 0.17%, by weight of theIn yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, from about 0.10% to about 0.15% by weight of the composition, from about 0.10% to about 0.20% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.30% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.35% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.40% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.45% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.50% by weight, from about 0.20% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.20% to about 0. The composition contains free chlorine in an amount of about 30% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, or about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight.

[0032] The compositions disclosed herein may include metal particles. The metal particles may be composed of one element, such as, for example, copper, iron, silver, titanium, or zinc, or may be mixed metal particles composed of a combination of various different elements, such as various combinations of two or more of the following: copper, iron, silver, titanium, or zinc. Non-limiting examples of metal particles include copper particles, iron particles, potassium particles, silver particles, titanium particles, and zinc particles. Other non-limiting examples of metal particles include metal acetate particles, metal chloride particles, metal nitrate particles, or metal oxide particles. Metal acetate particles include, but are not limited to, copper acetate, iron acetate, such as iron (II) acetate and iron (III) acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, zinc acetate, or any combination thereof. Metal nitrate particles include, but are not limited to, copper nitrate, iron nitrate, such as iron (II) nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, zinc nitrate, or any combination thereof. Metal chloride particles include, but are not limited to, copper chloride, iron chloride, such as iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, zinc chloride, or any combination thereof. Metal oxide particles include, but are not limited to, copper oxide particles, iron oxide particles, such as iron(II) oxide particles, iron(III) oxide particles, silver oxide particles, titanium dioxide particles, zinc oxide particles, copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles, or any combination thereof.

[0033] Metal particles include nanoparticles and microparticles. Nanoparticles have an average diameter of about 1 nm to about 1,000 nm. Microparticles have an average diameter of about 1 μm to about 1,000 μm.

[0034] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include metal particles in an amount that provides the compositions disclosed herein with the desired beneficial effects. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include metal particles in an amount that provides the compositions disclosed herein with the desired beneficial effects, such as, for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95pp m, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 80 0ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1, In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include metal particles in an amount of, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 15 ...70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm pm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm , at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, up to 0.05ppm, max 0.10ppm, max 0.20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 15 0ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, max 225ppm, max 250ppm, max 275ppm, max 300ppm, max 325ppm, max 350ppm, max 375ppm, max 400ppm, max 425ppm, max 450ppm, max 475ppm, max 500ppm, max 525ppm, max 550ppm, max 575ppm, max 600ppm, max 625ppm, max 650ppm, max 675ppm, max 70 0ppm, up to 725ppm, up to 750ppm, up to 775ppm, up to 800ppm, up to 825ppm, up to 850ppm, up to 875ppm, up to 900ppm, up to 925ppm, up to 950ppm, up to 975ppm, up to 1,000ppm, up to 1,025ppm, up to 1,050ppm, up to 1075ppm, up to 1,100ppm, up to 1,125ppm, up to 1,150ppm, up to 1,175ppm, up to 1,200ppm pm, metal particles in an amount of up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0035] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, from about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm , about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0.7 5ppm ~ approx. 35ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 40ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 45ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 50ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ Approximately 55ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 60ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 65ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 70ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 75pp m, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 100ppm, about 1ppm to about 20ppm, about 1ppm to about 25ppm, about 1ppm to about 30ppm, about 1ppm to about 35ppm, about 1ppm to about 40ppm, about 1ppm to about 45ppm, about 1ppm to about 50ppm, about 1ppm to about 55ppm, about 1ppm to about 60ppm, about 1ppm to about 65ppm, about 1ppm to about 70ppm, about 1ppm to about 75ppm, about 1ppm to about 80ppm, about 1ppm to about 85ppm, about 1ppm to about 90ppm, about 1ppm to about 95ppm, about 1ppm to about 100ppm, about 5ppm to about 20ppm, about 5ppm to about 25ppm, about 5pp m ~ about 30ppm, about 5ppm - about 35ppm, about 5ppm - about 40ppm, about 5ppm - about 45ppm, about 5ppm - about 50ppm, about 5ppm - about 55ppm, about 5ppm - about 60ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65ppm, about 5ppm to about 70ppm, about 5ppm to about 75ppm, about 5ppm to about 80ppm, about 5ppm to about 85ppm, about 5ppm to about 90ppm, about 5ppm to about 95ppm , about 5ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 20ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 30ppm, about 10ppm to about 35ppm, about 10ppm to about 40ppm, about 10p pm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm of metal particles.

[0036] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 380 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 465 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 525 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 545 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 565 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 585 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 590 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 615 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 625 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 630 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 645 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 650 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 665 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 675 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 685 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 690 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about Approximately 400ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 25ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 50ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 5ppm to Approximately 125ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 5ppm m ~ about 350ppm, about 5ppm - about 375ppm, about 5ppm - about 400ppm, about 5ppm - about 425ppm, about 5ppm - about 450ppm, about 5ppm - about 475ppm, about 5ppm - about 500ppm, about 10ppm - about 25ppm, about 10ppm - about 50ppm, about 10ppm to about 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 125ppm, about 10ppm to about 150ppm, about 10ppm to about 175ppm, about 10ppm to about 200ppm, about 10ppm to about 225ppm, about 10ppm to about 250ppm, about 10ppm ~275ppm, 10ppm~300ppm, 10ppm~325ppm, 10ppm~350ppm, 10ppm~375ppm, 10ppm~400ppm, 10ppm~425ppm, 10ppm~450ppm, 10ppm~4 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 500ppm, about 25ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm,from about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 200 ppmApproximately 150ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 150ppm to about 425ppm, about 150ppm to about 450ppm, about 150ppm to about 475ppm, about 150ppm to about 500ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 25 0ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 200ppm to Approximately 425ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 250ppm m ~ about 350ppm, about 250ppm to about 375ppm, about 250ppm to about 400ppm, about 250ppm to about 425ppm, about 250ppm to about 450ppm, about 250ppm to about 475ppm, about 250ppm to about 500ppm, about 30 0ppm to about 325ppm, about 300ppm to about 350ppm, about 300ppm to about 375ppm, about 300ppm to about 400ppm, about 300ppm to about 425ppm, about 300ppm to about 450ppm, about 300ppm to about 475ppm, about The metal particles are contained in an amount of 300 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 450 ppm to about 475 ppm, or about 450 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0037] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, ~1,700ppm, 400ppm~1,800ppm, 400ppm~1,900ppm, 400ppm~2,000ppm, 500ppm~600ppm, 500ppm~700ppm, 500ppm~800ppm, 500ppm~9 00ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1 ,600ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 500ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 700ppm, about 600ppm to about 800ppm, about 600ppm to about 90 0ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1, 600ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600 ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,700ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,800ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,900ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ About 2,000 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm m, about 1,500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,60 The metal particles are contained in an amount of about 0 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0038] In the aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed in this specification are, for example, 0.05 mg / L, 0.10 mg / L, 0.15 mg / L, 0.20 mg / L, 0.25 mg / L, 0.30 mg / L, 0.35 mg / L, 0.40 mg / L, 0.45 mg / L, 0.50 mg / L, 0.55 mg / L, 0.60 mg / L, 0.65 mg / L, 0.70 mg / L, 0.75 mg / L, 0.80 mg / L, 0.85 mg / L, 0.90 mg / L, 0.95 mg / L, 1 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 10 mg / L, 15 mg / L, 20 mg / L, 25 mg / L, 30 mg / L, 35 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 45 mg / L, 50 mg / L, 55 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 65 mg / L, 70 mg / L, 75 mg / L, 80 mg / L, 85 mg / L, 90 mg / L, 95 mg / L, 100 mg / L, 125 mg / L, 150 mg / L, 175 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 225 mg / L, 250 mg / L, 275 mg / L, 300 mg / L, 325 mg / L, 350 mg / L, 375 mg / L, 400 mg / L, 425 mg / L, 450 mg / L, 475 mg / L, 500 mg / L, 525 mg / L, 550 mg / L, 575 mg / L, 600 mg / L, 625 mg / L, 650 mg / L, 675 mg / L, 700 mg / L, 725 mg / L, 750 mg / L, 775 mg / L, 800 mg / L, 825 mg / L, 850 mg / L, 875 mg / L, 900 mg / L, 925 mg / L, 950 mg / L, 975 mg / L, 1,000 mg / L, 1,025 mg / L, 1,050 mg / L, 1075 mg / L, 1,100 mg / L, 1,125 mg / L, 1,150 mg / L, 1,175 mg / L, 1,200 mg / L, 1,225 mg / L, 1,250 mg / L, 1,275 mg / L, 1,300 mg / L, 1,325 mg / L, 1,350 mg / L, 1,375 mg / L, 1,400 mg / L, 1,425 mg / L, 1,450 mg / L, 1,475 mg / L, 1,500 mg / L, 1,600 mg / L, 1,700 mg / L, 1,800 mg / L, 1,900 mg / L, or 2,In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, at least 0.05 mg / L, at least 0.10 mg / L, at least 0.20 mg / L, at least 0.30 mg / L, at least 0.40 mg / L, at least 0.50 mg / L, at least 0.60 mg / L, at least 0.70 mg / L, at least 0.80 mg / L, at least 0.90 mg / L, at least 1 mg / L, at least 10 mg / L, at least 20 mg / L, at least 30 mg / L, at least 40 mg / L, at least 50 mg / L, at least 60mg / L, at least 70mg / L, at least 80mg / L, at least 90mg / L, at least 100mg / L, at least 125mg / L, at least 150mg / L, at least 175mg / L, at least 200mg / L, at least 225mg / L, at least 250mg / L, at least 275mg / L, at least 300mg / L, at least 325mg / L, at least 350mg / L, at least 375mg / L, at least 400mg / L, at least 425mg / L, at least 450mg / L, at least at least 475mg / L, at least 500mg / L, at least 525mg / L, at least 550mg / L, at least 575mg / L, at least 600mg / L, at least 625mg / L, at least 650mg / L, at least 675mg / L, at least 700mg / L, at least 725mg / L, at least 750mg / L, at least 775mg / L, at least 800mg / L, at least 825mg / L, at least 850mg / L, at least 875mg / L, at least 900mg / L, at least 925mg / L L, at least 950 mg / L, at least 975 mg / L, at least 1,000 mg / L, at least 1,025 mg / L, at least 1,050 mg / L, at least 1075 mg / L, at least 1,100 mg / L, at least 1,125 mg / L, at least 1,150 mg / L, at least 1,175 mg / L, at least 1,200 mg / L, at least 1,225 mg / L, at least 1,250 mg / L, at least 1,275 mg / L, at least 1,300 mg / L, at least 1,325 mg / L, at least 1,and / or at least 1,500 mg / L, at least 1,600 mg / L, at least 1,700 mg / L, at least 1,800 mg / L, at least 1,900 mg / L, or at least 2,000 mg / L. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can provide a glycerol concentration of, for example, up to 0.05 mg / L, up to 0.10 mg / L, up to 0.20 mg / L, up to 0.30 mg / L, up to 0.40 mg / L, up to 0.50 mg / L, up to 0.60 mg / L, up to 0.70 mg / L, up to 0.80 mg / L, up to 0.90 mg / L, up to 1 mg / L, up to 10 mg / L, up to 20 mg / L, up to 30 mg / L, up to 40 mg / L, up to 50 mg / L, up to 60 mg / L, up to 70 mg / L, up to 80 mg / L, up to 90 mg / L, up to 10 ...100 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to / L, max 50mg / L, max 60mg / L, max 70mg / L, max 80mg / L, max 90mg / L, max 100mg / L, max 125mg / L, max 150mg / L, max 175mg / L, max 200mg / L, max 225mg / L, max 250mg / L, max 275mg / L, max 300mg / L, max 325mg / L, max 350mg / L, max 375mg / L, max 400mg / L, max 425mg / L g / L, max 450mg / L, max 475mg / L, max 500mg / L, max 525mg / L, max 550mg / L, max 575mg / L, max 600mg / L, max 625mg / L, max 650mg / L, max 675mg / L, max 700mg / L, max 725mg / L, max 750mg / L, max 775mg / L, max 800mg / L, max 825mg / L, max 850mg / L, max 875mg / L, max Large: 900mg / L, Max: 925mg / L, Max: 950mg / L, Max: 975mg / L, Max: 1,000mg / L, Max: 1,025mg / L, Max: 1,050mg / L, Max: 1075mg / L, Max: 1,100mg / L, Max: 1,125mg / L, Max: 1,150mg / L, Max: 1,175mg / L, Max: 1,200mg / L, Max: 1,225mg / L, Max: 1,250mg / L, Max: 1,275mg / L, Max: 1,Contains metal particles in an amount of up to 300mg / L, up to 1,325mg / L, up to 1,350mg / L, up to 1,375mg / L, up to 1,400mg / L, up to 1,425mg / L, up to 1,450mg / L, up to 1,475mg / L, up to 1,500mg / L, up to 1,600mg / L, up to 1,700mg / L, up to 1,800mg / L, up to 1,900mg / L, or up to 2,000mg / L.

[0039] In still further other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are, for example, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, from about 0.Containing metal particles in an amount of 75 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, or about 10 mg / L to about 100 mg / L.

[0040] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are, for example, from about 1 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 1 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 10 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, from about 25 mg / L to about 325 mg / L,about 50 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 300 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 300 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 300 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 300 mg / L to about 400 mg / L,The metal particles are contained in an amount of about 350 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 350 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, or about 375 mg / L to about 400 mg / L.

[0041] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, from about 400 mg / L to about 500 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 600 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 700 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2100 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2300 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2400 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2500 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2600 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2700 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2800 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 3000 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about g / L ~ approx. 1,600 mg / L, approx. 400 mg / L ~ approx. 1,700 mg / L, approx. 400 mg / L ~ approx. 1,800 mg / L, approx. 400 mg / L ~ approx. 1,900 mg / L, approx. 400 mg / L ~ approx. 2,000 mg / L, approx. 0mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 800mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 900mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 1,000mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 1,100mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 1,200mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 1,300mg / L, about 50 0mg / L~Approx. 1,400mg / L, Approx. 500mg / L~Approx. 1,500mg / L, Approx. 500mg / L~Approx. 1,600mg / L, Approx. 500mg / L~Approx. 1,700mg / L, Approx. 500mg / L~Approx. 1,800mg / L, Approx. L ~ about 2,000mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 700mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 800mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 900mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 1,000mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 1,100mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 1,200mg / L L, about 600mg / L to about 1,300mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,400mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,500mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,600mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,700mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,800mg / L, about 60 0mg / L~about 1,900mg / L, about 600mg / L~about 2,000mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 800mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 900mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 1,000mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 1,100mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 1,200 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 1,000 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,800mg / L, approximately 1,100mg / L~approximately 1,900mg / L, approximately 1,100mg / L~approximately 2,000mg / L, approximately 1,200mg / L~approximately 1,300mg / L, approximately 1,200mg / L~approximately 1,400mg / L, approximately 1,200mg / L~ Approx. 1,500mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L~Approx. 1,600mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L~Approx. 1,700mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L~Approx. 1,800mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L~Approx. 1,900mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L ~ approx. 2,000mg / L, approx. 1,300mg / L ~ approx. 1,400mg / L, approx. 1,300mg / L ~ approx. 1,500mg / L, approx. 1,300mg / L ~ approx. 1,600mg / L, approx. 1,300mg / L ~ approx. 1,700mg / L, approx. 1,30 0mg / L~Approx. 1,800mg / L, Approx. 1,300mg / L~Approx. 1,900mg / L, Approx. 1,300mg / L~Approx. 2,000mg / L, Approx. 1,400mg / L~Approx. 1,500mg / L, Approx. 1,400mg / L~Approx. 1,600mg / L, Approx. 1 ,400mg / L~Approx. 1,700mg / L, Approx. 1,400mg / L~Approx. 1,800mg / L, Approx. 1,400mg / L~Approx. 1,900mg / L, Approx. 1,400mg / L~Approx. 2,000mg / L, Approx. 1,500mg / L~Approx. 1,600mg / L , about 1,500mg / L to about 1,700mg / L, about 1,500mg / L to about 1,800mg / L, about 1,500mg / L to about 1,900mg / L, about 1,500mg / L to about 2,000mg / L, about 1,600mg / L to about 1,700m g / L, about 1,600 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, about 1,600 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 1,600 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1,700 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, about 1,700 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 1,700 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1,800 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 1,800 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, or about 1,900 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L.

[0042] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, up to 0.10%, up to 0.11%, up to 0.12%, up to 0.13%, up to 0.14%, up to 0.15%, up to 0.16%, up to 0.17%, up to 0.18%, up to 0.19%, up to 0.2%, up to 0.25%, up to 0.3%, up to 0.35%, up to 0.4%, up to 0.45%, or up to 0.5% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, from about 0.10% to about 0.15% by weight of the composition, from about 0.10% to about 0.20% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.30% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.35% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.40% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.45% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.50% by weight, from about 0.20% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.20% to about 0. 30% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, or about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight.

[0043] In one embodiment, the metal particles can be any size that provides the desired beneficial effect for the compositions disclosed herein. In this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, about 10 nm, about 20 nm, about 30 nm, about 40 nm, about 50 nm, about 60 nm, about 70 nm, about 80 nm, about 90 nm, about 100 nm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at least 10 nm, at least 20 nm, at least 30 nm, at least 40 nm, at least 50 nm, at least 60 nm, at least 70 nm, at least 80 nm, at least 90 nm, at least 100 nm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at most 10 nm, at most 20 nm, at most 30 nm, at most 40 nm, at most 50 nm, at most 60 nm, at most 70 nm, at most 80 nm, at most 90 nm, at most 100 nm.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein may have a diameter of, for example, about 10 nm to about 20 nm, about 10 nm to about 30 nm, about 10 nm to about 40 nm, about 10 nm to about 50 nm, about 10 nm to about 60 nm, about 10 nm to about 70 nm, about 10 nm to about 80 nm, about 10 nm to about 90 nm, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, about 20 nm to about 30 nm, about 20 nm to about 40 nm, about 20 nm to about 50 nm, about 20 nm to about 60 nm, about 20 nm to about 70 nm, about 20 nm to about 80 nm, about 20 nm to about 90 nm, about 20 nm to about 100 nm, about 30 nm to about 40 nm, about 30 nm to about 50 nm, about 30 nm to about 60 nm, about 30 nm to about 70 nm, about 30 nm to about 80nm, about 30nm to about 90nm, about 30nm to about 100nm, about 40nm to about 50nm, about 40nm to about 60nm, about 40nm to about 70nm, about 40nm to about 80 nm, about 40nm to about 90nm, about 40nm to about 100nm, about 50nm to about 60nm, about 50nm to about 70nm, about 50nm to about 80nm, about 50nm to about 90nm , about 50 nm to about 100 nm, about 60 nm to about 70 nm, about 60 nm to about 80 nm, about 60 nm to about 90 nm, about 60 nm to about 100 nm, about 70 nm to about 80 nm, about 70 nm to about 90 nm, about 70 nm to about 100 nm, about 80 nm to about 90 nm, about 80 nm to about 100 nm, or about 90 nm to about 100 nm.

[0044] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not include metal particles.

[0045] The compositions disclosed herein may include metal salts. The metal salts disclosed herein may be alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, base metal salts, or transition metal salts. Alkaline metal salts include lithium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, rubidium salts, cesium salts, and francium salts. Alkaline earth metal salts include beryllium salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, strontium salts, barium salts, and radium salts. Base metal salts include aluminum salts, gallium salts, indium salts, tin salts, thallium salts, lead salts, and bismuth salts. Transition metal salts include scandium salts, titanium salts, vanadium salts, chromium salts, manganese salts, iron salts, cobalt salts, palladium salts, silver salts, nickel salts, copper salts, zinc salts, and yttrium salts. Non-limiting salts of metal salts include calcium salts, copper salts, iron salts, potassium salts, silver salts, titanium salts, and zinc salts.

[0046] Other non-limiting examples of metal salts include metal acetates, metal chlorides, metal nitrates, metal oxides, and metal sulfates. Metal acetates include, but are not limited to, calcium acetate, copper acetate, iron acetate, such as iron(II) acetate and iron(III) acetate, potassium acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, and zinc acetate. Metal chlorides include, but are not limited to, calcium chloride, copper chloride, iron chloride, such as iron(II) chloride or iron(III) chloride, potassium chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, and zinc chloride. Metal nitrates include, but are not limited to, calcium oxide salts, copper nitrates, iron nitrates, such as iron(II) nitrate, iron(III) nitrate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, and zinc nitrate. Metal oxide salts include, but are not limited to, calcium oxide salts, copper oxide salts, iron oxide salts, such as iron(II) oxide salts, iron(III) oxide salts, potassium oxide salts, silver oxide salts, titanium oxide salts, and zinc oxide salts. Metal sulfates include, but are not limited to, calcium sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, such as sulfate (II), ferrous sulfate (III), potassium sulfate, silver sulfate, titanium sulfate, and zinc sulfate.

[0047] In some embodiments, the composition may include calcium oxide obtained from organic sources, such as shells from marine organisms, hi some embodiments, the composition may include calcium oxide obtained from inorganic sources, such as by synthetic chemical processes.

[0048] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a metal salt in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a metal salt in an amount of, for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95pp m, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 8 00ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm of metal salts. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm pm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm , at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a metal salt in an amount of, for example, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10ppm, max 0.20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, max 225ppm, max 250ppm, max 275ppm, max 300ppm, max 325ppm, max 350ppm, max 375ppm, max 400ppm, max 425ppm, max 450ppm, max 475ppm, max 500ppm, max 525ppm, max 550ppm, max 575ppm, max 600ppm, max 625ppm, max 650ppm, max 675ppm, max 700ppm, Maximum 725ppm, Maximum 750ppm, Maximum 775ppm, Maximum 800ppm, Maximum 825ppm, Maximum 850ppm, Maximum 875ppm, Maximum 900ppm, Maximum 925ppm, Maximum 950ppm, Maximum 975ppm, Maximum 1,000ppm, Maximum 1,025ppm, Maximum 1,050ppm, Maximum 1075ppm, Maximum 1,100ppm, Maximum 1,125ppm, Maximum 1,150ppm, Maximum 1,175ppm, Maximum 1,200ppm , containing metal salts in an amount of up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0049] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, from about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm , about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0.7 5ppm ~ approx. 35ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 40ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 45ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 50ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ Approximately 55ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 60ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 65ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 70ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 75pp m, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 100ppm, about 1ppm to about 20ppm, about 1ppm to about 25ppm, about 1ppm to about 30ppm, about 1ppm to about 35ppm, about 1ppm to about 40ppm, about 1ppm to about 45ppm, about 1ppm to about 50ppm, about 1ppm to about 55ppm, about 1ppm to about 60ppm, about 1ppm to about 65ppm, about 1ppm to about 70ppm, about 1ppm to about 75ppm, about 1ppm to about 80ppm, about 1ppm to about 85ppm, about 1ppm to about 90ppm, about 1ppm to about 95ppm, about 1ppm to about 100ppm, about 5ppm to about 20ppm, about 5ppm to about 25ppm, about 5p pm ~ about 30ppm, about 5ppm - about 35ppm, about 5ppm - about 40ppm, about 5ppm - about 45ppm, about 5ppm - about 50ppm, about 5ppm - about 55ppm, about 5ppm - about 60ppm, about 5ppm to about 65ppm, about 5ppm to about 70ppm, about 5ppm to about 75ppm, about 5ppm to about 80ppm, about 5ppm to about 85ppm, about 5ppm to about 90ppm, about 5ppm to about 95ppm, about 5ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 20ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 30ppm, about 10ppm to about 35ppm, about 10ppm to about 40ppm, about The metal salt is contained in an amount of about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0050] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 380 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 465 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 525 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 545 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 565 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 585 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 590 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 615 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 625 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 630 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 645 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 650 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 665 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 675 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 685 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 690 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about Approximately 400ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 25ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 50ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 5ppm to Approximately 125ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 5ppm m ~ about 350ppm, about 5ppm - about 375ppm, about 5ppm - about 400ppm, about 5ppm - about 425ppm, about 5ppm - about 450ppm, about 5ppm - about 475ppm, about 5ppm - about 500ppm, about 10ppm - about 25ppm, about 10ppm - about 50ppm, about 10ppm to about 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 125ppm, about 10ppm to about 150ppm, about 10ppm to about 175ppm, about 10ppm to about 200ppm, about 10ppm to about 225ppm, about 10ppm to about 250ppm, about 10ppm ~275ppm, 10ppm~300ppm, 10ppm~325ppm, 10ppm~350ppm, 10ppm~375ppm, 10ppm~400ppm, 10ppm~425ppm, 10ppm~450ppm, 10ppm~4 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 500ppm, about 25ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm,from about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 200 ppmApproximately 150ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 150ppm to about 425ppm, about 150ppm to about 450ppm, about 150ppm to about 475ppm, about 150ppm to about 500ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 25 0ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 200ppm to Approximately 425ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 250ppm m ~ about 350ppm, about 250ppm to about 375ppm, about 250ppm to about 400ppm, about 250ppm to about 425ppm, about 250ppm to about 450ppm, about 250ppm to about 475ppm, about 250ppm to about 500ppm, about 30 0ppm to about 325ppm, about 300ppm to about 350ppm, about 300ppm to about 375ppm, about 300ppm to about 400ppm, about 300ppm to about 425ppm, about 300ppm to about 450ppm, about 300ppm to about 475ppm, about The metal salt is contained in an amount of 300 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 450 ppm to about 475 ppm, or about 450 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0051] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, Approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 90 0ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,000ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,100ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,200ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,300ppm, approx. 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 900 ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,6 00ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600 ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,700ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,800ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,900ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ About 2,000 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm pm, about 1,500ppm~about 1,700ppm, about 1,500ppm~about 1,800ppm, about 1,500ppm~about 1,900ppm, about 1,500ppm~ Approx. 2,000ppm, Approx. 1,600ppm~Approx. 1,700ppm, Approx. 1,600ppm~Approx. 1,800ppm, Approx. 1,600ppm~Approx. 1,900ppm, Approx. 1,6 The metal salt is contained in an amount of about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0052] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount of, for example, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount, for example, of at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount, for example, of up to 0.10%, up to 0.11%, up to 0.12%, up to 0.13%, up to 0.14%, up to 0.15%, up to 0.16%, up to 0.17%, up to 0.18%, up to 0.19%, up to 0.2%, up to 0.25%, up to 0.3%, up to 0.35%, up to 0.4%, up to 0.45%, or up to 0.5% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, from about 0.10% to about 0.15% by weight of the composition, from about 0.10% to about 0.20% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.30% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.35% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.40% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.45% by weight, from about 0.10% to about 0.50% by weight, from about 0.20% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.20% to about 0. The metal salt is contained in an amount of about 30% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, or about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight.

[0053] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not include metal salts.

[0054] The compositions disclosed herein may include phosphate buffers. Phosphate buffers or phosphate buffer solutions are particularly sensitive to changes in pH, and are therefore useful for biological applications. Phosphate buffers can be adapted to various pH levels, including isotonicity. This wide range is due to phosphoric acid having three dissociation constants (pKa), which allows for the formulation of buffers close to pH levels of 2.15, 7.21, or 12.32. Monosodium phosphate and its conjugate base, disodium phosphate, are usually used to create buffers with a pH value of about 7. Non-limiting examples of phosphate buffers include calcium phosphate buffers and sodium phosphate buffers.

[0055] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a phosphate buffer in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ... 5ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95ppm , 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 45 0ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 800p pm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1,125 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a phosphate buffer in an amount of, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm pm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a phosphate buffer in an amount of, for example, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, up to 225ppm, up to 250ppm, up to 275ppm, up to 300ppm, up to 325ppm, up to 350ppm, up to 375ppm, up to 400ppm, up to 425ppm, up to 450ppm, up to 475ppm, up to 500ppm, up to 525ppm, up to 550ppm, up to 575ppm, up to 600ppm, up to 625ppm, up to 650ppm, up to 675ppm, up to 700ppm, up to 725ppm m, up to 750 ppm, up to 775 ppm, up to 800 ppm, up to 825 ppm, up to 850 ppm, up to 875 ppm, up to 900 ppm, up to 925 ppm, up to 950 ppm, up to 975 ppm, up to 1,000 ppm, up to 1,025 ppm, up to 1,050 ppm, up to 1075 ppm, up to 1,100 ppm, up to 1,125 ppm, up to 1,150 ppm, up to 1,175 ppm, up to 1,200 ppm, up to 1,2 Contains phosphate buffer in an amount of 25 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0056] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein can be, for example, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, m, about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0. 75ppm to about 35ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 40ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 45ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 50ppm, about 0.75ppm ~Approx. 55ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 60ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 65ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 70ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 75p pm, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 100ppm, about 1ppm to about 20ppm, about 1ppm to about 25ppm, about 1ppm to about 30ppm, about 1ppm to about 35ppm, about 1ppm to about 40ppm, about 1ppm to about 45ppm, about 1ppm to about 50ppm, about 1ppm to about 55ppm, about 1ppm to about 60ppm, about 1ppm to about 65ppm, about 1ppm to about 70ppm, about 1ppm to about 75ppm, about 1ppm to about 8 0 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm m ~ about 65ppm, about 5ppm - about 70ppm, about 5ppm - about 75ppm, about 5ppm - about 80ppm, about 5ppm - about 85ppm, about 5ppm - about 90ppm, about 5ppm - about 95ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 20ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 30ppm, about 10ppm to about 35ppm, about 10ppm to about 40ppm, about 10ppm to about The phosphate buffer is present in an amount of about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0057] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can have a concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 4 00ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 50ppm, about 10ppm to about 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 125ppm, about 10ppm to about 150ppm, about 10ppm to about 175ppm, about 10ppm to about 200ppm, about 10ppm to about 225ppm, about 10ppm to about 250ppm, about 10ppm to about 275ppm, about 10ppm to about 300ppm, about 10ppm to about 325ppm, about 10ppm to about 350ppm, about 10ppm to about 375ppm, about 10ppm to about 400ppm, about 25ppm to Approximately 50ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 250ppm , about 25ppm to about 275ppm, about 25ppm to about 300ppm, about 25ppm to about 325ppm, about 25ppm to about 350ppm, about 25ppm to about 375ppm, about 25ppm to about 400ppm, about 50ppm to about 75ppm, about 50ppm to about 100ppm, about 50ppm m ~ about 125ppm, about 50ppm - about 150ppm, about 50ppm - about 175ppm, about 50ppm - about 200ppm, about 50ppm - about 225ppm, about 50ppm - about 250ppm, about 50ppm - about 275ppm, about 50ppm - about 300ppm, about 50ppm - about 32 5ppm, about 50ppm to about 350ppm, about 50ppm to about 375ppm, about 50ppm to about 400ppm, about 75ppm to about 100ppm, about 75ppm to about 125ppm, about 75ppm to about 150ppm, about 75ppm to about 175ppm, about 75ppm to about 200ppm,Approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 375pp m, about 75ppm to about 400ppm, about 100ppm to about 125ppm, about 100ppm to about 150ppm, about 100ppm to about 175ppm, about 100ppm to about 200ppm, about 100ppm to about 225ppm, about 100ppm m ~ about 250ppm, about 100ppm - about 275ppm, about 100ppm - about 300ppm, about 100ppm - about 325ppm, about 100ppm - about 350ppm, about 100ppm - about 375ppm, about 100ppm - about 400p pm, about 150ppm to about 175ppm, about 150ppm to about 200ppm, about 150ppm to about 225ppm, about 150ppm to about 250ppm, about 150ppm to about 275ppm, about 150ppm to about 300ppm, about 150p pm ~ about 325ppm, about 150ppm - about 350ppm, about 150ppm - about 375ppm, about 150ppm - about 400ppm, about 200ppm - about 225ppm, about 200ppm - about 250ppm, about 200ppm - about 275 ppm, about 200ppm to about 300ppm, about 200ppm to about 325ppm, about 200ppm to about 350ppm, about 200ppm to about 375ppm, about 200ppm to about 400ppm, about 250ppm to about 275ppm, about 25 The phosphate buffer is contained in an amount of 0 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0058] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain a phosphate buffer, in one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain a calcium phosphate buffer, in one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain a sodium phosphate buffer.

[0059] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not include ozone. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may include ozone.

[0060] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not include hydrogen peroxide. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may include hydrogen peroxide.

[0061] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain quaternary compounds, in one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain quaternary compounds of silicon. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain quaternary compounds or quaternary compounds of silicon.

[0062] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of guanide-containing compounds. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of biguanides. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of biguanide-containing compounds, in another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of biguanidines. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of biguanidine-containing compounds. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of triguanides. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of triguanide-containing compounds.

[0063] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are alcohol-free.

[0064] The compositions disclosed herein may include a carrier. The carrier, also known as a vehicle, may be any material commonly known in the skin care, cosmetic, and medical fields that is used as a base for formulating the compositions disclosed herein. The carrier may be an aqueous carrier, a semi-solid carrier, or a solid carrier. The carrier may also provide skin care benefits as disclosed herein. Carriers include, but are not limited to, water, vegetable oils, mineral oils, ester oils, ethers, alcohols, fatty alcohols, isoparaffins, hydrocarbon oils, polyols, and waxes. Non-limiting examples of ester oils include octal palmitate, isopropyl myristate, and isopropyl palmitate. Non-limiting examples of ethers include dicapryl ether and dimethyl isosorbide. Non-limiting examples of alcohols include ethanol and isopropanol. Non-limiting examples of fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol. Non-limiting examples of isoparaffins include isooctane, isododecane (IDD), and isohexadecane. Non-limiting examples of hydrocarbon oils include mineral oil, petrolatum, isoeicosane, and polyolefins including (hydrogenated) polyisobutene. Non-limiting examples of polyols include propylene glycol, glycerin, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and caprylyl glycol. Non-limiting examples of waxes include beeswax, carnauba wax, ozokerite, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, or vegetable wax.

[0065] In one embodiment, one carrier is present in the compositions disclosed herein. In another embodiment, multiple carriers are present in the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, one or more carriers, two or more carriers, three or more carriers, four or more carriers, or five or more carriers. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, only one carrier, up to two carriers, up to three carriers, up to four carriers, or up to five carriers. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, 1-2 carriers, 1-3 carriers, 1-4 carriers, 1-5 carriers, 2-3 carriers, 2-4 carriers, 2-5 carriers, 3-4 carriers, 3-5 carriers, or 4-5 carriers.

[0066] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a carrier in an amount that provides a desired pharmaceutical or beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a carrier in an amount of, for example, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a carrier in an amount, for example, up to 5%, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98%, or up to 99% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, about 5% to about 25% by weight, about 5% to about 50% by weight, about 5% to about 75% by weight, about 5% to about 90% by weight, about 5% to about 95% by weight, about 5% to about 96% by weight, about 5% to about 97% by weight, about 5% to about 98% by weight, about 5% to about 99% by weight, about 25% to about 50% by weight, about 25% to about 75% by weight, about 25% to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 25% to approximately 95% by weight, approximately 25% to approximately 96% by weight, approximately 25% to approximately 97% by weight, approximately 25% to approximately 98% by weight, approximately 25% to approximately 99% by weight, approximately 50% to approximately 75% by weight %, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 50% to about 96%, about 50% to about 97%, about 50% to about 98%, about 50% to about 99%, about 75% to about 8 0% by weight, about 75% to about 85% by weight, about 75% to about 90% by weight, about 75% to about 95% by weight, about 75% to about 96% by weight, about 75% to about 97% by weight, about 75% to about 98% by weight, about 75% by weight ~99% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 85% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 90% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 95% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 96% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 97% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 98% by weight, approximately 80 % to about 99% by weight, about 85% to about 90% by weight, about 85% to about 95% by weight, about 85% to about 96% by weight, about 85% to about 97% by weight, about 85% to about 98% by weight, about 85% to about 99% by weight, about 90% to about 95% by weight, about 90% to about 96% by weight, about 90% to about 97% by weight, about 90% to about 98% by weight, about 90% to about 99% by weight, or about 95% to about 99% by weight.

[0067] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a carrier that is not an alcohol. In an aspect of this embodiment, when the compositions disclosed herein include hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, the compositions may include a carrier that is not an alcohol.

[0068] The compositions disclosed herein may further optionally include additional components. Additional components are known to be useful in finishing the compositions disclosed herein. Additional components include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic clays, disinfectants, antiseptics, surfactants, preservatives, or chelating agents. Additional components disclosed herein are known in the art.

[0069] Hydrophilic clays are synthetic or naturally occurring smectic clays that, when hydrated, form a three-dimensional colloidal structure, thereby increasing viscosity and improving suspension control of ingredients in the composition. Hydrophilic clays include hydrated phyllosilicate clays. Hydrophilic clays can have thixotrophic properties. Non-limiting examples of hydrophilic clays include bentonite clays, hectorite clays, kaolinite clays, and silicate clays. Bentonite clays are phyllosilicate clays, including, but not limited to, potassium bentonite clays, sodium bentonite clays, calcium bentonite clays, and aluminum bentonite clays. Hectorite clays are phyllosilicate clays, including those commercially available in the BENTONE® line of products, which include hectorite clay (BENTONE® EW), hectorite clay (BENTONE® MA), and hectorite clay and hydroxyethyl cellulose (BENTONE® LT). Kaolinite clays are phyllosilicate clays. Silicate clays are synthetic layered silicate clays, including those commercially available in the LAPONITE® line of products, which include lithium magnesium sodium silicate (LAPONITE® XLG), lithium magnesium sodium silicate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (LAPONITE® XLS), sodium magnesium fluorosilicate (LAPONITE® XL), and sodium magnesium fluorosilicate (LAPONITE® XL21).

[0070] In one embodiment, one hydrophilic clay is present in the composition disclosed herein. In another embodiment, multiple hydrophilic clays are present in the composition disclosed herein. In an aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, one or more hydrophilic clays, two or more hydrophilic clays, three or more hydrophilic clays, four or more hydrophilic clays, or five or more hydrophilic clays. In another aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, only one hydrophilic clay, up to two hydrophilic clays, up to three hydrophilic clays, up to four hydrophilic clays, or up to five hydrophilic clays. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, 1-2 hydrophilic clays, 1-3 hydrophilic clays, 1-4 hydrophilic clays, 1-5 hydrophilic clays, 2-3 hydrophilic clays, 2-4 hydrophilic clays, 2-5 hydrophilic clays, 3-4 hydrophilic clays, 3-5 hydrophilic clays, or 4-5 hydrophilic clays.

[0071] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a hydrophilic clay in an amount that provides a desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a hydrophilic clay in an amount of, for example, 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a hydrophilic clay in an amount, for example, of at least 0.01%, at least 0.025%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, or at least 10% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a hydrophilic clay in an amount, for example, of up to 0.01%, up to 0.025%, up to 0.05%, up to 0.075%, up to 0.1%, up to 0.25%, up to 0.5%, up to 0.75%, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9%, or up to 10% by weight of the composition.

[0072] In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, from about 0.01% to about 0.05% by weight of the composition, 0.01% to about 0.075% by weight, from about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 0.75% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight, from about 0. 1% to about 5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 6% by weight, about 0.1% to about 7% by weight, about 0.1% to about 8% by weight, about 0.1% to about 9% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 0.25% to about 0. 5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.25% to about 1% by weight, about 0.25% to about 2% by weight, about 0.25% to about 3% by weight, about 0.25% to about 4% by weight, about 0.25% to about 5% by weight Weight%, about 0.25% to about 6% by weight, about 0.25% to about 7% by weight, about 0.25% to about 8% by weight, about 0.25% to about 9% by weight, about 0.25% to about 10% by weight, about 0.5% to about 0.75% by weight Amount%, about 0.5% to about 1% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3% by weight, about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 6% by weight, about 0.5% by weight ~7% by weight, approximately 0.5% by weight ~ approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5% by weight ~ approximately 9% by weight, approximately 0.5% by weight ~ approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.75% by weight ~ approximately 1% by weight, approximately 0.75% by weight ~ approximately 2% by weight, approximately 0.75% by weight ~ approximately 3% by weight , about 0.75% to about 4% by weight, about 0.75% to about 5% by weight, about 0.75% to about 6% by weight, about 0.75% to about 7% by weight, about 0.75% to about 8% by weight, about 0.75% to about 9% by weight, about 0.75% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 2% by weight, about 1% to about 3% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1% to about 5% by weight, about 1% to about 6% by weight , about 1% to about 7% by weight, about 1% to about 8% by weight, about 1% to about 9% by weight, about 1% to about 10% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight, about 2% to about 4% by weight %, about 2% to about 5% by weight, about 2% to about 6% by weight, about 2% to about 7% by weight, about 2% to about 8% by weight, about 2% to about 9% by weight, about 2% to about 10% by weight Amount%, about 3% to about 4% by weight, about 3% to about 5% by weight, about 3% to about 6% by weight, about 3% to about 7% by weight, about 3% to about 8% by weight, about 3% to about 9% by weight The hydrophilic clay may be present in an amount of about 3% to about 10% by weight, about 4% to about 5% by weight, about 4% to about 6% by weight, about 4% to about 7% by weight, about 4% to about 8% by weight, about 4% to about 9% by weight, about 4% to about 10% by weight, about 5% to about 6% by weight, about 5% to about 7% by weight, about 5% to about 8% by weight, about 5% to about 9% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 6% to about 7% by weight, about 6% to about 8% by weight, about 6% to about 9% by weight, about 6% to about 10% by weight, about 7% to about 8% by weight, about 7% to about 9% by weight, about 7% to about 10% by weight, about 8% to about 9% by weight, about 8% to about 10% by weight, or about 9% to about 10% by weight.

[0073] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a silicate clay that provides desirable beneficial effects to the compositions disclosed herein. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a silicate clay in an amount of, for example, 0.001%, 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.0075%, 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise silicate clay in an amount, for example, of at least 0.001%, at least 0.0025%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.0075%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.025%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, or at least 10% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include silicate clay in an amount, for example, of up to 0.001%, up to 0.0025%, up to 0.005%, up to 0.0075%, up to 0.01%, up to 0.025%, up to 0.05%, up to 0.075%, up to 0.1%, up to 0.25%, up to 0.5%, up to 0.75%, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9%, or up to 10% by weight of the composition.

[0074] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, from about 0.001% to about 0.005% by weight of the composition, 0.001% to about 0.0075% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.01% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.05% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.075% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.5% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.75% by weight, from about 0.005% to about 0.0075% by weight, from about 0.005% to about 0. Approximately 0.01% by weight, approximately 0.005% by weight ~ approximately 0.05% by weight, approximately 0.005% by weight ~ approximately 0.075% by weight, approximately 0.005% by weight ~ approximately 0.1% by weight, approximately 0.005% by weight ~ approximately 0.25% by weight, approximately 0.005% by weight ~ approximately 0.5% by weight, approximately 0.005% by weight ~ approximately 0.75% by weight, approximately 0.01 wt% to about 0.05 wt%, 0.01 wt% to about 0.075 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 0.75 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 3 weight% Amount %, about 0.1% to about 4% by weight, about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 6% by weight, about 0.1% to about 7% by weight, about 0.1% to about 8% by weight, about 0.1% to about 9% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 0.25% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.2 5% by weight to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.25% to about 1% by weight, about 0.25% to about 2% by weight, about 0.25% to about 3% by weight, about 0.25% to about 4% by weight, about 0.25% to about 5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 6% by weight, about 0.25% to about 7% by weight, about 0.25 Weight% to about 8%, about 0.25% to about 9%, about 0.25% to about 10%, about 0.5% to about 0.75%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 2%, about 0.5% to about 3%, about 0.5% to about 4%, about 0.5% to about 4% by weight 5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 6% by weight, about 0.5% to about 7% by weight, about 0.5% to about 8% by weight, about 0.5% to about 9% by weight, about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, about 0.75% to about 1% by weight, about 0.75% to about 2% by weight, about 0.75% to about 3% by weight, about 0.75% to about 4% by weight, about 0.75% to about 5% by weight, about 0.75% to about 6% by weight, about 0.75% to about 7% by weight, about 0.75% to about 8% by weight, about 0.75% to about 9% by weight Weight%, about 0.75% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 2% by weight, about 1% to about 3% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1% to about 5% by weight, about 1% to about 6% by weight, about 1% by weight % to about 7% by weight, about 1% to about 8% by weight, about 1% to about 9% by weight, about 1% to about 10% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight, about 2% to about 4% by weight, about 2% to about 5% by weight, about 2 Weight% to about 6% by weight, about 2% to about 7% by weight, about 2% to about 8% by weight, about 2% to about 9% by weight, about 2% to about 10% by weight, about 3% to about 4% by weight, about 3% to about 5% by weight, about 3% to about 6% by weight, about 3% to about 7% by weight, about 3% to about 8% by weight, about 3% to about 9% by weight, about 3% to about 10% by weight, about 4% to about 5% by weight, about 4% to about 6% by weight , about 4% to about 7% by weight, about 4% to about 8% by weight, about 4% to about 9% by weight, about 4% to about 10% by weight, about 5% to about 6% by weight, about 5% to about 7% by weight, about 5% to about 8% by weight %, about 5% to about 9% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 6% to about 7% by weight, about 6% to about 8% by weight, about 6% to about 9% by weight, about 6% to about 10% by weight, about 7% to about 8% by weight, about 7% to about 9% by weight, about 7% to about 10% by weight, about 8% to about 9% by weight, about 8% to about 10% by weight, or about 9% to about 10% by weight of silicate clay.

[0075] Preservatives preserve the stability of the compositions disclosed herein. Preservatives can also prevent the growth of microorganisms in the compositions disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of preservatives include: , methylparaben, phenoxyethanol, capryl glycol, glyceryl caprylate, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, gallic acid, and propylparaben.

[0076] The compositions disclosed herein can be adjusted to any pH at which the compositions disclosed herein can achieve the desired beneficial effect. In aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, or at least 11. In other aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at most 2, at most 3, at most 4, at most 5, at most 6, at most 7, at most 8, at most 9, at most 10, or at most 11.

[0077] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, about 2 to about 5, about 2 to about 5.5, about 2 to about 6, about 2 to about 6.5, about 2 to about 7, about 2 to about 7.5, about 2 to about 8, about 2 to about 8.5, about 2 to about 9, about 2.5 to about 5, about 2.5 to about 5.5, about 2.5 to about 6, about 2.5 to about 6.5, about 2.5 to about 7, about 2.5 to about 7.5, about 2.5 to about 8, about 2.5 to about 8.5, about 2.5 to about 9, about 3 to about 5 , about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 7, about 3 to about 7.5, about 3 to about 8, about 3 to about 8.5, about 3 to about 9, about 3.5 to about 5, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 6.5, about 3.5 to about 7, about 3.5 to about 7.5, about 3.5 to about 8, about 3.5 to about 8.5, about 3.5 to about 9, about 4 to about 5, about 4 to about 5.5, about 4 to about 6, about 4 to about 6.5, about 4 to about 7, about 4 to about 7.5, about 4 to about 8, about 4 to about about 8.5, about 4 to about 9, about 4.5 to about 5, about 4.5 to about 5.5, about 4.5 to about 6, about 4.5 to about 6.5, about 4.5 to about 7, about 4.5 to about 7.5, about 4.5 to about 8, about 4.5 to about 8.5, about 4.5 to about 9, about 5 to about 5.5, about 5 to about 6, about 5 to about 6.5, about 5 to about 7, about 5 to about 7.5, about 5 to about 8, about 5 to about 8.5, about 5 to about 9, about 5.5 to about 6, about 5.5 to about 6.5, about 5.5 to about 7, about 5.5 to about 7.5, about 5.5 to about 8, about 5.5 to about 8.5, about 5.5 to about 9, about 6 to about 6.5, about 6 to about 7, about 6 to about 7.5, about 6 to about 8, about 6 to about 8.5, about 6 to about 9, about 6.5 to about 7, about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 8, about 6.5 to about 8.5, about 6.5 to about 9, about 7 to about 7.5, about 7 to about 8, about 7 to about 8.5, about 7 to about 9, about 7.5 to about 8, about 7.5 to about 8.5, about 7.5 to about 9, about 8 to about 8.5, about 8 to about 9, or about 8.5 to about 9.

[0078] In another embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used to adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, calcium oxide powder is obtained from an organic source, such as shells from marine organisms. In some embodiments, calcium oxide powder is obtained from an inorganic source, such as by synthetic chemical processes. In some embodiments, about 160 ppm of calcium oxide powder results in a composition having a pH of about 5.0 to 5.2. In some embodiments, about 240 ppm of calcium oxide powder results in a composition having a pH of about 7.5 to about 7.8. In aspects of this embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used to adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, or at least 11. In other aspects of this embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used to bring the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, at most 2, at most 3, at most 4, at most 5, at most 6, at most 7, at most 8, at most 9, at most 10, or at most 11.

[0079] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the calcium oxide powder can adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, about 2 to about 5, about 2 to about 5.5, about 2 to about 6, about 2 to about 6.5, about 2 to about 7, about 2 to about 7.5, about 2 to about 8, about 2 to about 8.5, about 2 to about 9, about 2.5 to about 5, about 2.5 to about 5.5, about 2.5 to about 6, about 2.5 to about 6.5, about 2.5 to about 7, about 2.5 to about 7.5, about 2.5 to about 8, about 2.5 to about 8.5, about 2.5 to about 9 , about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 7, about 3 to about 7.5, about 3 to about 8, about 3 to about 8.5, about 3 to about 9, about 3.5 to about 5, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 6.5, about 3.5 to about 7, about 3.5 to about 7.5, about 3.5 to about 8, about 3.5 to about 8.5, about 3.5 to about 9, about 4 to about 5, about 4 to about 5.5, about 4 to about 6, about 4 to about 6.5, about 4 to about 7, about 4 to about 7.5, about 4 to about 8, about 4 ~ about 8.5, about 4 to about 9, about 4.5 to about 5, about 4.5 to about 5.5, about 4.5 to about 6, about 4.5 to about 6.5, about 4.5 to about 7, about 4.5 to about 7.5, about 4.5 to about 8, about 4.5 to about 8.5, about 4.5 to about 9, about 5 to about 5.5, about 5 to about 6, about 5 to about 6.5, about 5 to about 7, about 5 to about 7.5, about 5 to about 8, about 5 to about 8.5, about 5 to about 9, about 5.5 to about 6, about 5.5 to about 6.5, about 5.5 to about 7, about 5.5 to about 7.5, about 5.5 to about 8, about It is used to make the viscosity of the polymer solution 5.5 to about 8.5, about 5.5 to about 9, about 6 to about 6.5, about 6 to about 7, about 6 to about 7.5, about 6 to about 8, about 6 to about 8.5, about 6 to about 9, about 6.5 to about 7, about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 8, about 6.5 to about 8.5, about 6.5 to about 9, about 7 to about 7.5, about 7 to about 8, about 7 to about 8.5, about 7 to about 9, about 7.5 to about 8, about 7.5 to about 8.5, about 7.5 to about 9, about 8 to about 8.5, about 8 to about 9, or about 8.5 to about 9.

[0080] The compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when exposed to bodily fluids. Bodily fluids include charged molecules, including, but not limited to, blood and blood by-products such as plasma and serum. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation, for example, when they exhibit up to 1% inactivation, up to 2% inactivation, up to 3% inactivation, up to 4% inactivation, up to 5% inactivation, up to 6% inactivation, up to 7% inactivation, up to 8% inactivation, up to 9% inactivation, or up to 10% inactivation when exposed to bodily fluids. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation, for example, when they exhibit up to 10% inactivation, up to 15% inactivation, up to 20% inactivation, up to 25% inactivation, up to 30% inactivation, up to 35% inactivation, up to 40% inactivation, up to 45% inactivation, or up to 50% inactivation when exposed to bodily fluids. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, about 1% to about 10% inactivated, about 1% to about 20% inactivated, about 1% to about 30% inactivated, about 1% to about 40% inactivated, about 1% to about 50% inactivated, about 5% to about 10% inactivated, about 5% to about 20% inactivated, about 5% to about 30% inactivated, about 5% to about 40% inactivated, about 5% to about 50% inactivated, It is resistant to inactivation if it exhibits activation, about 10% to about 20% inactivation, about 10% to about 30% inactivation, about 10% to about 40% inactivation, about 10% to about 50% inactivation, 20% to about 30% inactivation, about 20% to about 40% inactivation, about 20% to about 50% inactivation, about 30% to about 40% inactivation, about 30% to about 50% inactivation, or about 40% to about 50% inactivation.

[0081] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation, for example, when exposed to bodily fluids, exhibit up to 1% decomposition, up to 2% decomposition, up to 3% decomposition, up to 4% decomposition, up to 5% decomposition, up to 6% decomposition, up to 7% decomposition, up to 8% decomposition, up to 9% decomposition, or up to 10% decomposition of hypochlorous acid.In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation, for example, when exposed to bodily fluids, exhibit up to 10% decomposition, up to 15% decomposition, up to 20% decomposition, up to 25% decomposition, up to 30% decomposition, up to 35% decomposition, up to 40% decomposition, up to 45% decomposition, or up to 50% decomposition of hypochlorous acid. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can, for example, upon exposure to bodily fluids, exhibit about 1% to about 10% decomposition of hypochlorous acid, about 1% to about 20% decomposition, about 1% to about 30% decomposition, about 1% to about 40% decomposition, about 1% to about 50% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about 20% decomposition, about 5% to about 30% decomposition, about 5% to about 40% decomposition, about 5% to about 60% decomposition, about 5% to about 70% decomposition, about 5% to about 80% decomposition, about 5% to about 90% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about 20% decomposition, about 5% to about 30% decomposition, about 5% to about 40% decomposition, about 5% to about 1 ...10% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about It is resistant to inactivation if it shows about 50% decomposition, about 10% to about 20% decomposition, about 10% to about 30% decomposition, about 10% to about 40% decomposition, about 10% to about 50% decomposition, 20% to about 30% decomposition, about 20% to about 40% decomposition, about 20% to about 50% decomposition, about 30% to about 40% decomposition, about 30% to about 50% decomposition, or about 40% to about 50% decomposition.

[0082] The composition disclosed herein is stable.In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein is stable when it shows, for example, maximum 1% decomposition, maximum 2% decomposition, maximum 3% decomposition, maximum 4% decomposition, maximum 5% decomposition, maximum 6% decomposition, maximum 7% decomposition, maximum 8% decomposition, maximum 9% decomposition, or maximum 10% decomposition of hypochlorous acid. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable if they exhibit, for example, at most 10% decomposition, at most 15% decomposition, at most 20% decomposition, at most 25% decomposition, at most 30% decomposition, at most 35% decomposition, at most 40% decomposition, at most 45% decomposition, at most 50% decomposition, at most 55% decomposition, at most 60% decomposition, at most 65% decomposition, at most 70% decomposition, at most 75% decomposition, at most 80% decomposition, at most 85% decomposition, at most 90% decomposition, or at most 95% decomposition of hypochlorous acid.In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can provide, for example, about 1% to about 10% decomposition of hypochlorous acid, about 1% to about 20% decomposition, about 1% to about 30% decomposition, about 1% to about 40% decomposition, about 1% to about 50% decomposition, about 1% to about 60% decomposition, about 1% to about 70% decomposition, about 1% to about 80% decomposition, about 1% to about 90% decomposition, about 1% to about 95% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about 20% decomposition, about 5% to about 30% decomposition, about 5% to about 40% decomposition, about 5% to about 50% decomposition, about 5 ...5% to about 70% decomposition, about 5% to about 80% decomposition, about 5% to about 90% decomposition, about 5% to about 95% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about 20% decomposition, about 5% to about 30% decomposition, about 5% to about 40% decomposition, about 5% to about 50% decomposition, about About 60% decomposition, about 5% to about 70% decomposition, about 5% to about 80% decomposition, about 5% to about 90% decomposition, about 5% to about 95% decomposition, about 10% to about 20% decomposition, about 10% to about 30% decomposition, about 10% to about 40% decomposition, about 10% to about 50% decomposition, about 10% to about 60% decomposition, about 10% to about 70% decomposition, about 10% to about 80% decomposition, about 10% to about 90% decomposition, about 10% to about 95% decomposition, 20% to about 30% decomposition, about 20% to about 40% decomposition, about 20% to about 50% decomposition, about 20% to about 6 0% decomposition, about 20% to about 70% decomposition, about 20% to about 80% decomposition, about 20% to about 90% decomposition, about 20% to about 95% decomposition, about 30% to about 40% decomposition, about 30% to about 50% decomposition, about 30% to about 60% decomposition, about 30% to about 70% decomposition, about 30% to about 80% decomposition, about 30% to about 90% decomposition, about 30% to about 95% decomposition, about 40% to about 50% decomposition, about 40% to about 60% decomposition, about 40% to about 70% decomposition, about 40% to about 80% decomposition, about 40% to about 90% decomposition, about 40% It is stable when it shows about 95% decomposition, about 50% to about 60% decomposition, about 50% to about 70% decomposition, about 50% to about 80% decomposition, about 50% to about 90% decomposition, about 50% to about 95% decomposition, about 60% to about 70% decomposition, about 60% to about 80% decomposition, about 60% to about 90% decomposition, about 60% to about 95% decomposition, about 70% to about 80% decomposition, about 70% to about 90% decomposition, about 70% to about 95% decomposition, about 80% to about 90% decomposition, about 80% to about 95% decomposition, or about 90% to about 95% decomposition.

[0083] In one embodiment, a composition disclosed herein is stable if it exhibits, for example, at most 1% decomposition, at most 2% decomposition, at most 3% decomposition, at most 4% decomposition, at most 5% decomposition, at most 6% decomposition, at most 7% decomposition, at most 8% decomposition, at most 9% decomposition, or at most 10% decomposition of free chlorine. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable if they exhibit, for example, at most 10% decomposition, at most 15% decomposition, at most 20% decomposition, at most 25% decomposition, at most 30% decomposition, at most 35% decomposition, at most 40% decomposition, at most 45% decomposition, at most 50% decomposition, at most 55% decomposition, at most 60% decomposition, at most 65% decomposition, at most 70% decomposition, at most 75% decomposition, at most 80% decomposition, at most 85% decomposition, at most 90% decomposition, or at most 95% decomposition of free chlorine.In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein provide, for example, about 1% to about 10% decomposition of free chlorine, about 1% to about 20% decomposition, about 1% to about 30% decomposition, about 1% to about 40% decomposition, about 1% to about 50% decomposition, about 1% to about 60% decomposition, about 1% to about 70% decomposition, about 1% to about 80% decomposition, about 1% to about 90% decomposition, about 1% to about 95% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about 20% decomposition, about 5% to about 30% decomposition, about 5% to about 40% decomposition, about 5% to about 50% decomposition, about 5 ...5% to about 70% decomposition, about 5% to about 80% decomposition, about 5% to about 90% decomposition, about 5% to about 95% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about 20% decomposition, about 5% to about 30% decomposition, about 5% to about 40% decomposition, about 5% to about 50% decomposition, about 5 About 60% decomposition, about 5% to about 70% decomposition, about 5% to about 80% decomposition, about 5% to about 90% decomposition, about 5% to about 95% decomposition, about 10% to about 20% decomposition, about 10% to about 30% decomposition, about 10% to about 40% decomposition, about 10% to about 50% decomposition, about 10% to about 60% decomposition, about 10% to about 70% decomposition, about 10% to about 80% decomposition, about 10% to about 90% decomposition, about 10% to about 95% decomposition, 20% to about 30% decomposition, about 20% to about 40% decomposition, about 20% to about 50% decomposition, about 20% to about 6 0% decomposition, about 20% to about 70% decomposition, about 20% to about 80% decomposition, about 20% to about 90% decomposition, about 20% to about 95% decomposition, about 30% to about 40% decomposition, about 30% to about 50% decomposition, about 30% to about 60% decomposition, about 30% to about 70% decomposition, about 30% to about 80% decomposition, about 30% to about 90% decomposition, about 30% to about 95% decomposition, about 40% to about 50% decomposition, about 40% to about 60% decomposition, about 40% to about 70% decomposition, about 40% to about 80% decomposition, about 40% to about 90% decomposition, about 40% It is stable when it shows about 95% decomposition, about 50% to about 60% decomposition, about 50% to about 70% decomposition, about 50% to about 80% decomposition, about 50% to about 90% decomposition, about 50% to about 95% decomposition, about 60% to about 70% decomposition, about 60% to about 80% decomposition, about 60% to about 90% decomposition, about 60% to about 95% decomposition, about 70% to about 80% decomposition, about 70% to about 90% decomposition, about 70% to about 95% decomposition, about 80% to about 90% decomposition, about 80% to about 95% decomposition, or about 90% to about 95% decomposition.

[0084] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., about 1 day, about 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, or 15 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, or at least 15 days. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., up to 1 day, up to 2 days, up to 3 days, up to 4 days, up to 5 days, up to 6 days, up to 7 days, up to 8 days, up to 9 days, up to 10 days, up to 11 days, up to 12 days, up to 13 days, up to 14 days, or up to 15 days.

[0085] In further aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be administered for, e.g., about 1 day to about 2 days, about 1 day to about 3 days, about 1 day to about 4 days, about 1 day to about 5 days, about 1 day to about 6 days, about 1 day to about 7 days, about 1 day to about 8 days, about 1 day to about 9 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 1 day to about 11 days, about 1 day to about 12 days, about 1 day to about 13 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 15 days, about 2 days to about 3 days, about 2 days to about 4 days, about 2 days to about 5 days, about 2 days to about 6 days, about 2 days to about 7 days, about 2 days to about 8 days, about 2 days ...2 days to about 10 days, about 1 day to about 11 days, about 1 day to about 12 days, about 1 day to about 13 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 15 days, about 2 days to about 3 days, about 2 days to about 4 days, about 2 days to about 5 days, about 2 days to about 6 days, about 2 days to about 7 days, about 2 days to about 8 days, about 2 days to about 9 days, about About 9 days, about 2 days to about 10 days, about 2 days to about 11 days, about 2 days to about 12 days, about 2 days to about 13 days, about 2 days to about 14 days, about 2 days to about 15 days, about 3 days to about 4 days, about 3 days to about 5 days, about 3 days to about 6 days, about 3 days to about 7 days, about 3 days to about 8 days, about 3 days to about 9 days, about 3 days to about 10 days, about 3 days to about 11 days, about 3 days to about 12 days, about 3 days to about 13 days, about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 15 days, about 4 days to about 5 days, about 4 days to about 6 days, about 4 days to about 7 days, about 4 days to about 8 days, about 4 days to about 9 days, about 4 days to about 10 days, about 4 days to about 11 days, about 4 days to about 12 days, about 4 days to about 13 days, about 4 days to about 14 days, about 4 days to about 15 days, about 5 days to about 6 days, about 5 days to about 7 days, about 5 days to about 8 days, about 5 days to about 9 days, about 5 days to about 10 days, about 5 days to about 11 days, about 5 days to about 12 days, about 5 days to about 13 days, about 5 days to about 14 days, about 5 days to about 15 days, about 6 days to about 7 days, about 6 days to about 8 days, about 6 days to about 9 days, about 6 days to about 10 days, about 6 days to about 11 days, about 6 days to about 12 days, about 6 days to about 13 ...14 days, about 5 days to about 15 days days to about 14 days, about 6 days to about 15 days, about 7 days to about 8 days, about 7 days to about 9 days, about 7 days to about 10 days, about 7 days to about 11 days, about 7 days to about 12 days, about 7 days to about 13 days, about 7 days to about 14 days, about 7 days to about 15 days, about 8 days to about 9 days, about 8 days to about 10 days, about 8 days to about 11 days, about 8 days to about 12 days, about 8 days to about 13 days, about 8 days to about 14 days, about 8 days to about 15 days, about 9 days to about 10 days, about 9 days to about 11 days, about 9 days to about 12 days, about 9 days to about 13 days, about 9 days to about 14 days, about 9 days to about 15 days,It is stable for about 10 days to about 11 days, about 10 days to about 12 days, about 10 days to about 13 days, about 10 days to about 14 days, about 10 days to about 15 days, about 11 days to about 12 days, about 11 days to about 13 days, about 11 days to about 14 days, about 11 days to about 15 days, about 12 days to about 13 days, about 12 days to about 14 days, about 12 days to about 15 days, about 13 days to about 14 days, about 13 days to about 15 days, or about 14 days to about 15 days.

[0086] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., about 1 week, about 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 12 weeks, 13 weeks, 14 weeks, or 15 weeks. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least 4 weeks, at least 5 weeks, at least 6 weeks, at least 7 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 9 weeks, at least 10 weeks, at least 11 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 13 weeks, at least 14 weeks, or at least 15 weeks. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., up to 1 week, up to 2 weeks, up to 3 weeks, up to 4 weeks, up to 5 weeks, up to 6 weeks, up to 7 weeks, up to 8 weeks, up to 9 weeks, up to 10 weeks, up to 11 weeks, up to 12 weeks, up to 13 weeks, up to 14 weeks, or up to 15 weeks.

[0087] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be administered for, for example, about 1 week to about 2 weeks, about 1 week to about 3 weeks, about 1 week to about 4 weeks, about 1 week to about 5 weeks, about 1 week to about 6 weeks, about 1 week to about 7 weeks, about 1 week to about 8 weeks, about 1 week to about 9 weeks, about 1 week to about 10 weeks, about 1 week to about 11 weeks, about 1 week to about 12 weeks, about 1 week to about 13 weeks, about 1 week to about 14 weeks, about 1 week to about 15 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 10 weeks 4 weeks to 11 weeks, 4 weeks to 12 weeks, 4 weeks to 13 weeks, 4 weeks to 14 weeks, 4 weeks to 15 weeks, 5 weeks to 6 weeks, 5 weeks to 7 weeks, 5 weeks to 8 weeks, 5 weeks to 9 weeks, 5 weeks to 10 weeks, 5 weeks to 11 weeks, 5 weeks to 12 weeks, 5 weeks to 13 weeks, 5 weeks to 14 weeks, 5 weeks to 15 weeks, 6 weeks to 7 weeks, 6 weeks to 8 weeks, 6 weeks to 9 weeks, 6 weeks to 10 weeks, 6 weeks to 11 weeks, 6 weeks to 12 weeks, 6 weeks to 13 weeks, 6 weeks to 14 weeks, 6 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 11 weeks,It is stable for about 10 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 11 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 11 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 11 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 11 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 13 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 13 weeks to about 15 weeks, or about 14 weeks to about 15 weeks.

[0088] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 13 months, 14 months, 15 months, 16 months, 17 months, or 18 months. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., at least 1 month, at least 2 months, at least 3 months, at least 4 months, at least 5 months, at least 6 months, at least 7 months, at least 8 months, at least 9 months, at least 10 months, at least 11 months, at least 12 months, at least 13 months, at least 14 months, at least 15 months, at least 16 months, at least 17 months, or at least 18 months. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., up to 1 month, up to 2 months, up to 3 months, up to 4 months, up to 5 months, up to 6 months, up to 7 months, up to 8 months, up to 9 months, up to 10 months, up to 11 months, up to 12 months, up to 13 months, up to 14 months, up to 15 months, at le most ast 16 months, up to 17 months, or up to 18 months.

[0089] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be administered for, for example, about 1 month to about 2 months, about 1 month to about 3 months, about 1 month to about 4 months, about 1 month to about 5 months, about 1 month to about 6 months, about 1 month to about 7 months, about 1 month to about 8 months, about 1 month to about 9 months, about 1 month to about 10 months, about 1 month to about 11 months, about 1 month to about 12 months, about 1 month to about 13 months, about 1 month to about 14 months, about 1 month to about 15 months, about 1 month to about 16 months, about 1 month to about 17 months, about 1 month to about 18 months, about 2 months ~3 months, ~4 months, ~5 months, ~6 months, ~7 months, ~8 months, ~9 months, ~10 months, ~11 months, ~12 months, ~2 months 13 months, about 2 months to about 14 months, about 2 months to about 15 months, about 2 months to about 16 months, about 2 months to about 17 months, about 2 months to about 18 months, about 3 months to about 4 months, about 3 months to about 5 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 7 months, about 3 months to About 8 months, about 3 months to about 9 months, about 3 months to about 10 months, about 3 months to about 11 months, about 3 months to about 12 months, about 3 months to about 13 months, about 3 months to about 14 months, about 3 months to about 15 months, about 3 months to about 16 months, about 3 months to about 17 months, about 3 months months to about 18 months, about 4 months to about 5 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 7 months, about 4 months to about 8 months, about 4 months to about 9 months, about 4 months to about 10 months, about 4 months to about 11 months, about 4 months to about 12 months, about 4 months to about 13 months, about months to about 14 months, about 4 months to about 15 months, about 4 months to about 16 months, about 4 months to about 17 months, about 4 months to about 18 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 7 months, about 5 months to about 8 months, about 5 months to about 9 months, about 5 months to about 10 months, about 5 5 months to 11 months, 5 months to 12 months, 5 months to 13 months, 5 months to 14 months, 5 months to 15 months, 5 months to 16 months, 5 months to 17 months, 5 months to 18 months, 6 months to 7 months, 6 months to 8 months,About 6 months to about 9 months, About 6 months to about 10 months, About 6 months to about 11 months, About 6 months to about 12 months, About 6 months to about 13 months, About 6 months to about 14 months, About 6 months to about 15 months, About 6 months to about 16 months, About 6 months to about 17 months, About 6 months to about 18 months, about 7 months to about 8 months, about 7 months to about 9 months, about 7 months to about 10 months, about 7 months to about 11 months, about 7 months to about 12 months, about 7 months to about 13 months, about 7 months to about 14 months, about 7 months to about 15 months, about 7 months to about 16 months, about 7 months months to about 17 months, about 7 months to about 18 months, about 8 months to about 9 months, about 8 months to about 10 months, about 8 months to about 11 months, about 8 months to about 12 months, about 8 months to about 13 months, about 8 months to about 14 months, about 8 months to about 15 months, about 8 months to about 16 months , about 8 months to about 17 months, about 8 months to about 18 months, about 9 months to about 10 months, about 9 months to about 11 months, about 9 months to about 12 months, about 9 months to about 13 months, about 9 months to about 14 months, about 9 months to about 15 months, about 9 months to about 16 months, about 9 months ~17 months, ~9 months ~18 months, ~10 months ~11 months, ~10 months ~12 months, ~10 months ~13 months, ~10 months ~14 months, ~10 months ~15 months, ~10 months ~16 months, ~10 months ~17 months, ~10 months 11 months to 18 months, 11 months to 12 months, 11 months to 13 months, 11 months to 14 months, 11 months to 15 months, 11 months to 16 months, 11 months to 17 months, 1 month to 18 months, 12 months to 13 months, 12 months months to about 14 months, about 12 months to about 15 months, about 12 months to about 16 months, about 12 months to about 17 months, about 12 months to about 18 months, about 13 months to about 14 months, about 13 months to about 15 months, about 13 months to about 16 months, about 13 months to about 17 months, about 3 months to about 18 months, about 14 months to about 15 months, about 14 months to about 16 months, about 14 months to about 17 months, about 14 months to about 18 months, about 15 months to about 16 months, about 15 months to about 17 months, about 15 months to about 18 months, about 16 months to about 17 months,It is stable for about 16 months to about 18 months, or about 17 months to about 18 months.

[0090] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., about 1 year, about 2 years, about 3 years, about 4 years, or about 5 years. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., at least 1 year, at least 2 years, at least 3 years, at least 4 years, or at least 5 years. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., up to 1 year, up to 2 years, up to 3 years, up to 4 years, or up to 5 years. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, e.g., about 1 year to about 2 years, about 1 year to about 3 years, about 1 year to about 4 years, about 1 year to about 5 years, about 2 years to about 3 years, about 2 years to about 4 years, about 2 years to about 5 years, about 3 years to about 4 years, about 3 years to about 5 years, or about 4 years to about 5 years.

[0091] The compositions disclosed herein can be formulated into any form that allows for application of the compositions disclosed herein in a manner that achieves the desired beneficial effect. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated, for example, into a single-phase formulation or a two-phase formulation that includes a vehicle phase and a dispersed phase. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated, for example, into a liquid composition, a colloidal composition, a semi-solid composition, or a solid composition. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated, for example, into a liquid aerosol, a foam, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, or a solid sol. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated, for example, into a spray, a liquid aerosol, a soap, or a suspension.

[0092] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and metal particles and / or metal salts. In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of metal particles and / or metal salts.

[0093] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and copper particles, zinc particles, calcium particles, or any combination thereof.In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and copper oxide particles, zinc oxide particles, calcium oxide particles, or any combination thereof.In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0094] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium particles, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper oxide particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc oxide particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium oxide particles, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0095] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium particles, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper oxide particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc oxide particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium oxide particles, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0096] In one aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0097] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 50 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 5 ppm to 45 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 40 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 15 ppm to 35 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 30 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 25 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0098] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 100 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 90 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 80 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 30 ppm to 70 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 40 ppm to 60 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 50 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0099] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 50 ppm to 150 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 60 ppm to 140 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 70 ppm to 130 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 80 ppm to 120 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 90 ppm to 110 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 100 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0100] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 100 ppm to 200 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 110 ppm to 190 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 120 ppm to 180 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 130 ppm to 170 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 140 ppm to 160 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 150 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0101] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 150 ppm to 250 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 160 ppm to 240 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 170 ppm to 230 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 180 ppm to 220 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 190 ppm to 210 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 200 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0102] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 200 ppm to 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 210 ppm to 290 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 220 ppm to 280 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 230 ppm to 270 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 240 ppm to 260 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 250 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0103] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 250 ppm to 350 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 260 ppm to 340 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 270 ppm to 330 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 280 ppm to 320 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 290 ppm to 310 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0104] In one aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0105] In one aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 150 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 150 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0106] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0107] In one aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 75 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 75 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0108] In one aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0109] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 1 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 50 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 45 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 5 ppm to 45 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 40 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 40 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 15 ppm to 35 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 15 ppm to 35 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 30 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 30 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 25 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0110] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 1 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 1 ppm to 100 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 45 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 90 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 40 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 80 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 15 ppm to 35 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 30 ppm to 70 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 30 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 40 ppm to 60 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 50 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0111] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 1 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 50 ppm to 150 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 45 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 60 ppm to 140 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 40 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 70 ppm to 130 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 15 ppm to 35 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 80 ppm to 120 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 30 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 90 ppm to 110 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 100 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0112] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 1 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 100 ppm to 200 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 45 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 110 ppm to 190 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 40 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 120 ppm to 180 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 15 ppm to 35 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 130 ppm to 170 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 30 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 140 ppm to 160 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 150 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0113] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 1 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 150 ppm to 250 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 45 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 160 ppm to 240 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 40 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 170 ppm to 230 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 15 ppm to 35 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 180 ppm to 220 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 30 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 190 ppm to 210 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 200 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0114] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 1 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 200 ppm to 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 45 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 210 ppm to 290 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 40 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 220 ppm to 280 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 15 ppm to 35 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 230 ppm to 270 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 30 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 240 ppm to 260 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 250 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0115] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 1 ppm to 50 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 250 ppm to 350 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 5 ppm to 45 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 260 ppm to 340 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 40 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 270 ppm to 330 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 15 ppm to 35 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 280 ppm to 320 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 30 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 290 ppm to 310 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 300 ppm of copper oxide-zinc-calcium particles.

[0116] In an aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and one or more metal salts.In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and a copper salt, a zinc salt, a calcium salt, or any combination thereof.In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and a copper salt, a zinc salt, and a calcium salt.In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and a copper chloride, a zinc chloride, a calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof.In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and a copper chloride, a zinc chloride, a calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof.

[0117] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of one or more metal salts. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a copper salt, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a zinc salt, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a calcium salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a copper salt, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a zinc salt, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper chloride, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc chloride, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper chloride, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc chloride, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium oxide salt.

[0118] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 50 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 250 ppm of one or more metal salts. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 50 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 250 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 250 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 250 ppm of a calcium salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 50 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 250 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 250 ppm of a zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 250 ppm of a calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 50 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 250 ppm of copper chloride, 10 ppm to 250 ppm of zinc chloride, 10 ppm to 250 ppm of calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 50 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 250 ppm of copper chloride, 10 ppm to 250 ppm of zinc chloride, and 10 ppm to 250 ppm of calcium oxide salt.

[0119] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 75 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 200 ppm of one or more metal salts. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 75 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 200 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 200 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 200 ppm of a calcium salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 75 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 200 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 200 ppm of a zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 200 ppm of a calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 75 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 20 ppm to 200 ppm of copper chloride, 20 ppm to 200 ppm of zinc chloride, 20 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 75 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 20 ppm to 200 ppm of copper chloride, 20 ppm to 200 ppm of zinc chloride, and 20 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium oxide salt.

[0120] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 100 ppm to 350 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 40 ppm to 160 ppm of one or more metal salts. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 100 ppm to 350 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 40 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of a calcium salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 100 ppm to 350 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 40 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 160 ppm of a calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 100 ppm to 350 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of copper chloride, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc chloride, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 100 ppm to 350 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of copper chloride, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc chloride, and 40 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium oxide salt.

[0121] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 500 ppm of one or more metal salts. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 500 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 500 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 500 ppm of a calcium salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 10 ppm to 500 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 500 ppm of a zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 500 ppm of a calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 10 ppm to 500 ppm of copper chloride, 10 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc chloride, 10 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 10 ppm to 500 ppm of copper chloride, 10 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc chloride, and 10 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium oxide salt.

[0122] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 240 ppm of one or more metal salts. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 240 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 240 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 240 ppm of a calcium salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine and 20 ppm to 240 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 240 ppm of a zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 240 ppm of a calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 20 ppm to 240 ppm of copper chloride, 20 ppm to 240 ppm of zinc chloride, 20 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, and 20 ppm to 240 ppm of copper chloride, 20 ppm to 240 ppm of zinc chloride, and 20 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium oxide salt.

[0123] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium salt.

[0124] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium salt.

[0125] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium salt.

[0126] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium salt.

[0127] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 90 ppm to 110 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm of calcium salt.

[0128] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 90 ppm to 110 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm of calcium salt.

[0129] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 90 ppm to 110 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm of calcium salt.

[0130] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 110 ppm to 130 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm of calcium salt.

[0131] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 110 ppm to 130 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm of calcium salt.

[0132] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 110 ppm to 130 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm of calcium salt.

[0133] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of zinc salt, and 110 ppm to 130 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm of calcium salt.

[0134] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 130 ppm to 150 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm of calcium salt.

[0135] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 130 ppm to 150 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm of calcium salt.

[0136] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 130 ppm to 150 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm of calcium salt.

[0137] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of zinc salt, and 130 ppm to 150 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm of calcium salt.

[0138] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 150 ppm to 170 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm of calcium salt.

[0139] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 150 ppm to 170 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm of calcium salt.

[0140] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 150 ppm to 170 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm of calcium salt.

[0141] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of zinc salt, and 150 ppm to 170 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm of calcium salt.

[0142] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 170 ppm to 190 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm of calcium salt.

[0143] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 170 ppm to 190 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm of calcium salt.

[0144] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 170 ppm to 190 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm of calcium salt.

[0145] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of zinc salt, and 170 ppm to 190 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm of calcium salt.

[0146] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 190 ppm to 210 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm of calcium salt.

[0147] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 190 ppm to 210 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm of calcium salt.

[0148] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 190 ppm to 210 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm of calcium salt.

[0149] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 300 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 210 ppm to 230 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 220 ppm of calcium salt.

[0150] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 300 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 210 ppm to 230 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 220 ppm of calcium salt.

[0151] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 300 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 210 ppm to 230 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 220 ppm of calcium salt.

[0152] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 320 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm to 300 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of zinc salt, and 230 ppm to 250 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 240 ppm of calcium salt.

[0153] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 220 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 320 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm to 300 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 220 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 110 ppm to 130 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 230 ppm to 250 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 240 ppm of calcium salt.

[0154] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 320 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 300 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 200 ppm to 280 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 220 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 230 ppm to 250 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 240 ppm of calcium salt.

[0155] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 170 ppm to 470 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 240 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 180 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 260 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 220 ppm to 420 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 200 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 380 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm to 180 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 120 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 320 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 130 ppm to 150 ppm of copper salt, 90 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 170 ppm to 190 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 330 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 140 ppm of copper salt, 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 180 ppm of calcium salt.

[0156] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 130 ppm to 430 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 200 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 220 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 180 ppm to 380 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 240 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 180 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 300 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 90 ppm to 110 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 130 ppm to 150 ppm of calcium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 290 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 100 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm of calcium salt.

[0157] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm of one or more metal salts, and 5 ppm to 200 ppm of a phosphate buffer. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm of a copper salt, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm of a zinc salt, and 5 ppm to 200 ppm of a phosphate buffer. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm of copper chloride, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm of zinc chloride, and 5 ppm to 200 ppm of a phosphate buffer.

[0158] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0159] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0160] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm of copper salt, 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 50 ppm of copper salt, 5 ppm to 50 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm of copper salt, 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 30 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 30 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 25 ppm of copper salt, 15 ppm to 25 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0161] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 5 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 15 ppm to 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 60 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a zinc salt, and 30 ppm to 50 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and 40 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0162] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0163] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0164] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of zinc salt, and 30 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of zinc salt, and 50 ppm to 70 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of copper salt, 40 ppm of zinc salt, and 40 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0165] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include 20 ppm to 500 ppm hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm one or more metal salts, 5 ppm to 200 ppm phosphate buffer, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include 20 ppm to 500 ppm hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 copper salt, 2.5 ppm to 240 zinc salt, 5 ppm to 200 ppm phosphate buffer, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein includes 20 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm of copper chloride, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm of zinc chloride, and 5 ppm to 200 ppm of phosphate buffer, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0166] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a zinc salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0167] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a zinc salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a zinc salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0168] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm of a copper salt, 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 50 ppm of a copper salt, 5 ppm to 50 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm of a copper salt, 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 30 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 30 ppm of a zinc salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 25 ppm of a copper salt, 15 ppm to 25 ppm of a zinc salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0169] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a zinc salt, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0170] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a zinc salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0171] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a zinc salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0172] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a zinc salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm of calcium or sodium phosphate, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0173] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 500 ppm hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm one or more metal salts, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 500 ppm hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 copper salt, 2.5 ppm to 240 zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 500 ppm hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 240 copper chloride, 2.5 ppm to 240 zinc chloride, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0174] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0175] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0176] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm of a copper salt, 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 50 ppm of a copper salt, 5 ppm to 50 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm of a copper salt, 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 30 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 30 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 25 ppm of a copper salt, 15 ppm to 25 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0177] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0178] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0179] In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and an amount of calcium oxide necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In one aspect of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 20 ppm...

Claims

1. a) at least 30 ppm to a maximum of 1,000 ppm hypochlorous acid or at least 30 ppm to a maximum of 1,000 ppm free chlorine; b) metal salts, each present in an amount of 10 ppm to 300 ppm, being a salt of copper and a salt of zinc; c) 10 ppm to 300 ppm of calcium oxide, and d) Water as a carrier A composition consisting of:

2. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of at least 50 ppm to at most 700 ppm.

3. 3. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of at least 100 ppm to a maximum of 600 ppm.

4. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of at least 150 ppm and up to 500 ppm.

5. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of at least 150 ppm and up to 500 ppm.

6. 6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of at least 200 ppm to a maximum of 400 ppm.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm.

8. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount of at least 15 ppm and up to 120 ppm.

9. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount of from 60 ppm to 100 ppm.

10. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount from 20 ppm to 60 ppm.

11. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the copper salt is copper chloride and the zinc salt is zinc chloride.

12. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein calcium oxide is present in an amount from 20 ppm to 240 ppm.

13. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein calcium oxide is present in an amount from 120 ppm to 200 ppm.

14. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein calcium oxide is present in an amount from 140 ppm to 180 ppm.

15. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein calcium oxide is present in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm.

16. 15. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising 100 ppm to 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free chlorine, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, 20 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium oxide, and a carrier which is water.

17. 17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm.

18. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of at least 290 ppm and up to 375 ppm.

19. The composition of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount of at least 20 ppm and up to 90 ppm.

20. 20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount from 30 ppm to 50 ppm.

21. The composition of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount of at least 50 ppm and up to 120 ppm.

22. 20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount of at least 70 ppm and up to 90 ppm.

23. A composition according to any one of claims 16 to 22, wherein the copper salt is copper chloride and the zinc salt is zinc chloride.

24. 24. The composition of any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein calcium oxide is present in an amount from 40 ppm to 200 ppm.

25. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the calcium oxide is present in an amount from 60 ppm to 180 ppm.

26. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the calcium oxide is present in an amount from 140 ppm to 180 ppm.

27. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the calcium oxide is present in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm.

28. a) hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of 50 ppm to 500 ppm; b) the copper salt is present in an amount of from 10 ppm to 250 ppm and the zinc salt is present in an amount of from 10 ppm to 250 ppm; and c) calcium oxide is present in an amount from 10 ppm to 250 ppm; The composition according to claim 1 or 2.

29. a) hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of 75 ppm to 400 ppm; b) the copper salt is present in an amount of from 20 ppm to 200 ppm and the zinc salt is present in an amount of from 20 ppm to 200 ppm; and c) calcium oxide is present in an amount from 20 ppm to 200 ppm; 29. The composition of claim 28.

30. a) hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount of 100 ppm to 350 ppm; b) the copper salt is present in an amount of from 40 ppm to 160 ppm and the zinc salt is present in an amount of from 40 ppm to 160 ppm; and c) calcium oxide is present in an amount from 40 ppm to 160 ppm; 30. The composition of claim 28 or 29.

31. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free chlorine is present in an amount from 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm.

32. 32. The composition of claim 31, wherein the copper salt, zinc salt, and calcium oxide are each present in an amount from 50 ppm to 500 ppm.

33. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 32, which does not contain a phosphate buffer.

34. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein the pH of the composition is at least pH 5.

35. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein the pH of the composition is from pH 4.5 to 8.

36. The composition of claim 35, wherein the pH of the composition is from pH 5 to 7.

37. 36. The composition of claim 35, wherein the pH of the composition is from pH 5 to 6.5 or from pH 5 to 6.

38. A method for cleaning or disinfecting a hard surface, comprising applying to the hard surface a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 36.

39. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the hard surface is a surface area of ​​a table top, counter top, floor, wall, ceiling, window, bed, gurney, door, door handle, shower, bath, sink, faucet, toilet, toilet seat, drainage pipe, fixture, machine, protective gear, personal biohazard protective clothing, medical equipment, dental equipment, pharmaceutical equipment, veterinary equipment, or funeral equipment.

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