Power supply system and power supply method

Abstract

We will realize an economical supply of electricity with low environmental impact that matches demand. [Solution] In a power supply system including an adjustable power source whose power supply amount is adjustable and a variable power source whose power supply amount is not adjustable, where the variable power source includes at least one power source of low environmental load power, and the adjustable power source includes at least one charging facility capable of charging and discharging, the power supply amount from the adjustable power source and the power trading amount with an external power supply system are controlled so as to satisfy a target total supply amount at a predicted time, reduce the shortfall in the target total low environmental load power supply amount relative to the predicted total demand amount, which is the sum of the predicted demand amounts of low environmental load power, and increase the profit and loss on the power trading amount with the external power supply system.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The present embodiment relates to a power supply system and a power supply method. [Background technology]

[0002] With growing interest in environmental protection, there is an increasing demand for low-environmental-impact electricity. For example, the international initiative "24 / 7 Carbon Free Energy" (hereinafter "24 / 7 CFE") has been proposed under the leadership of the United Nations in order to achieve the decarbonization of electricity. 24 / 7 CFE is an initiative aimed at realizing and popularizing the provision of carbon-free electricity according to demand, using the same power supply system as the consumer's facilities.

[0003] In order to reduce the burden on the environment, methods have been proposed to support electricity supply in line with demand, as well as to utilize or control renewable energy sources, the amount of electricity generated which tends to be affected by weather and the time of day. For example, Patent Document 1 describes an operation planning device that creates an operation plan regarding adjustment power from the power system for a hydrogen production plant that is connected to the power system and includes a renewable energy power generation device, a water electrolysis device, and a hydrogen storage facility.

[0004] Patent Document 2 describes a system that collects information indicating the amount of electricity generated by a renewable energy power generation facility, the amount of electricity received from the power grid, and the amount of electricity released from a residence to the power grid, as well as the amount of electricity measured by an electricity meter, calculates the amount of electricity consumed by the power load from the amount of electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation facility, and generates information indicating the environmental value of the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation facility being consumed by the residence based on the amount of electricity consumed.

[0005] Patent Document 3 describes a charge / discharge system that selects one operation content from multiple operation contents based on load power prediction data, photovoltaic power generation power prediction data, operation mode data, price data of AC power supplied from a commercial grid and AC power supplied to the commercial grid, power conversion efficiency data of a power converter when charging / discharging a storage battery, and current time data.

[0006] Patent Document 4 describes a photovoltaic power generation system that controls output power so that interconnection point power at an interconnection point with a power grid becomes a target power according to a control mode. Patent document 5 describes a control system that calculates demand forecast values ​​and supply plan values ​​for the entire power system and distributes the difference between the demand forecast values ​​and the supply plan values ​​to control objects installed in the distribution system based on a cost optimization method.

[0007] Patent document 6 describes an energy management system that predicts energy demand based on data related to the electrical equipment of a consumer to which power is supplied from a power distribution network, calculates an operation schedule for the electrical equipment that can optimize the energy balance of the consumer based on the predicted energy demand, and controls the electrical equipment based on the calculated operation schedule. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] JP 2024-8573 A [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2021-61733 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2021 / 001993 [Patent Document 4] JP 2018-170901 A [Patent Document 5] JP 2014-143835 A [Patent Document 6] JP 2013-222293 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] However, none of the methods in Patent Documents 1 to 6 sets the supply amount of low environmental load electricity as a control target or constraint, and do not take into account the profit and loss from trading electricity with an external power supply system. The present application has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has as an object to realize an economical supply of low environmental load electric power that meets demand. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The power supply system according to a first aspect includes a demand forecasting unit that forecasts a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of power consumption at a demand point at a prediction time later than a current time, using a demand forecasting model based on a power usage status at the demand point to which power is supplied from a power distribution facility; a target setting unit that sets a target total supply amount, which is a sum of target values ​​of power supply amounts from a plurality of power sources and power trading amounts with an external power supply system, and a target total low environmental load power supply amount, which is a sum of target values ​​of supply amounts of low environmental load power, so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount that sets a ratio of low environmental load power to a predetermined target rate or more for each of the demand points; and a supply control unit that controls the amount of power supply from the plurality of power sources, When the sum of the power supply amount for each power source and the power trading amount is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount, The sum of the predicted demand for low environmental load electricity is Low environmental impact power Forecasted total demand The difference is converted into a cost for not meeting the target rate, Profit and loss on the amount of electricity traded with the external power supply system The objective function obtained by subtracting the above cost from The amount of power supplied from the adjustable power supply and the amount of power exchanged with the external power supply system are controlled so that

[0011] A power supply method according to a second aspect includes the steps of: A demand forecasting unit, a target setting unit, and a supply control unit,A power supply method for a power supply system comprising a plurality of power sources including an adjustable power source capable of adjusting the amount of power supply and a variable power source not capable of adjusting the amount of power supply, the variable power sources including at least one power source of low environmental load power, and the adjustable power sources including at least one charging facility capable of charging and discharging, comprising: The above Demand forecasting department 、 a prediction step of predicting a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of power consumption at a demand point at a prediction time later than the present time, using a demand prediction model based on a power usage state at the demand point to which power is supplied from the power distribution facility; The above Goal setting department 、 a setting step of setting a target total supply amount, which is the sum of target values ​​of the power supply amounts from the plurality of power sources and the amount of power traded with an external power supply system, and a target total supply amount of low environmental load power, which is a target value of the sum of the supply amounts of low environmental load power, so as to satisfy the predicted demand that sets a ratio of low environmental load power to a predetermined target rate or more for each demand point; The above Supply control section 、 a control step of controlling the amount of power supply from the plurality of power sources at the predicted time, When the sum of the power supply amount for each power source and the power trading amount is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount, The sum of the predicted demand for low environmental load electricity is Low environmental impact power Forecasted total demand The difference is converted into a cost for not meeting the target rate, Profit and loss on the amount of electricity traded with the external power supply system The objective function obtained by subtracting the above cost from The method includes controlling the amount of power provided from the adjustable power source and the amount of power exchanged with the external power supply system so that Effect of the Invention

[0012] According to the embodiment of the present application, it is possible to realize an economical supply of low environmental load power that meets demand. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a first example of a demand point according to the present embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a second example of a demand point according to the present embodiment. [Figure 4] 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of control of the amount of power supply from each power source and the amount of trading with an external power supply system according to the embodiment. FIG. [Diagram 5] 2 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a consumer terminal device according to the present embodiment. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a demand forecast model according to the embodiment; [Figure 7] 5 is a diagram showing an example of a data configuration of usage status information according to the embodiment; FIG. [Figure 8] 1 is a block diagram showing a first application example of a power supply system PS according to the present embodiment. FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a second application example of the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a third application example of the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a fourth application example of the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment. [Figure 12] 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of management of the amount of power for each type of power source according to the embodiment; [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a computer system according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, an overview of the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a power supply system PS according to this embodiment. The power supply system PS includes a prediction system 20, a power supply management system 30, a power supply system 40, and a power transmission and distribution system 50. The power supply system PS is connected to the external power supply system PSB via an interconnection line so as to be able to transmit power to and from the external power supply system PSB. The power supply system PS is connected to the trading system 54 and the meteorological information system 70 via a communication network so as to be able to transmit and receive various data to and from the trading system 54 and the meteorological information system 70.

[0015] The external power supply system PSB is an example of a power supply system separate from the power supply system PS. The external power supply system PSB is provided with its own power supply system 40B and power transmission and distribution system 50B. Although one external power supply system PSB is illustrated in FIG. 1, the present invention is not limited to this. The number of external power supply systems PSB connected to the power supply system PS can be two or more systems. The power supply system PS and the external power supply system PSB each include an interconnection point (not shown) that terminates an interconnection line. The interconnection point is connected to other power supply systems via interconnection lines so that electric power can be transmitted between them. The interconnection point exchanges electric power (i.e., receives or transmits electric power) with other power supply systems based on a trading command from the trading system 54.

[0016] The trading system 54 realizes the function of an electricity trading market. For example, the trading system 54 collates first order information (sale order) acquired from a first business operator with second order information (purchase order) acquired from a second business operator, and when the selling conditions indicated in the first order information satisfy the purchasing conditions indicated in the second order information, it determines whether an electricity transaction is concluded under those selling conditions or purchasing conditions. The selling conditions and purchasing conditions are specified as conditions for the interchange of electricity, respectively, for a time period after the current time, a trading amount, a unit price, and an area. The trading system 54 specifies, from among preset interconnection points, an interconnection point that interconnects the power supply systems of the business operators involved in the concluded electricity transaction, and outputs a trading command indicating the interchange of electricity under the trading conditions for the electricity transaction to the specified interconnection point.

[0017] Each demand point 60 is supplied with power directly or indirectly from the power transmission and distribution system 50. Although one demand point 60 is illustrated in Fig. 1, this is not limiting. In general, there are a plurality of demand points 60 to which power is supplied from the power supply system PS. The demand point 60 is, for example, a power supply point. The power supply point is a control unit for power supply from a power company to a consumer or a contract unit for a contract for the power supply. Power is directly supplied to each power supply point from the power distribution equipment of the power transmission and distribution system 50. A distribution board may be installed at the power supply point as illustrated in FIG. 2. The distribution board terminates the power distribution equipment of the power transmission and distribution system 50 and functions as a branch point 62 that branches a power line terminated at the distribution board into two or more other power lines. One or more electric devices serving as a load are connected downstream of the branch point 62. In the example of FIG. 2, two loads 66-1 and 66-2 are connected.

[0018] The demand point 60 may be a demand unit. The demand unit is set downstream from the power supply point. A part of the power supplied to the power supply point is supplied to the demand unit under a contract between the power supplier and the consumer. In the example of FIG. 3, the demand unit 64-1 is a branch subdivided downstream from the branch point 62. The demand point 60 may be the entire facility constituting the power supply point, a part of the space, or a specific device or a group of devices.

[0019] Returning to FIG. 1 , the consumer terminal device 12 acquires information indicating the power usage status at the demand point 60 (sometimes referred to as "power usage status" in this application) and notifies the prediction system 20 of the acquired power usage status. The consumer terminal device 12 may be configured as a dedicated power meter (e.g., a smart meter), or may be configured as a general-purpose electronic device (e.g., a router, a PC (Personal Computer), a mobile phone (e.g., a smartphone), etc.) whose main purpose is not to measure the amount of power. The power usage status includes an actual value of power consumption at the demand point 60 (sometimes referred to as "actual power consumption" in this application). The power usage status may include information that is a factor that causes fluctuations in the amount of power usage at the demand point 60.

[0020] The prediction system 20 includes a demand prediction unit 22, a variable power generation amount prediction unit 24, and a market price prediction unit . The demand prediction unit 22 uses the learned demand prediction model to predict the predicted value of power consumption at a prediction time after the current time as a predicted demand amount based on the power usage status at each demand point 60 using a preset demand prediction model. The demand prediction unit 22 notifies the power supply management system 30 of the predicted demand amount. The demand prediction unit 22 uses the actual power consumption up to the current time included in the power usage status at each demand point 60 and weather information notified from the weather information system 70 as input values ​​(explanatory variables) and calculates the predicted demand amount as an output value (objective variable).

[0021] The variable power generation prediction unit 24 predicts the amount of power generated by each variable power source at a prediction time, which is a time after the current time, as a predicted power generation amount using a power generation prediction model. The variable power generation prediction unit 24 notifies the power supply management system 30 of the calculated predicted power generation amount for each variable power source. A variable power source is a power source whose power supply amount, i.e., the amount of power generated, is variable but the amount of power generation cannot be adjusted. The variable power source constitutes a part of the power supply system 40. The variable power generation prediction unit 24 uses fluctuation factors of the amount of power generated by each variable power source as input values ​​and calculates the predicted power generation amount as an output value. The fluctuation factors of the amount of power generation include, for example, meteorological information related to the weather at the predicted time notified from the meteorological information system 70.

[0022] Each variable power source may be equipped with a power meter that measures the amount of power generated, and may notify the variable power source power generation prediction unit 24 of the measured actual value of the amount of power generated as the actual amount of power generated. The variable power source power generation prediction unit 24 may configure training data by accumulating a data set that includes the factors that cause fluctuations in the amount of power generated and the actual amount of power generated as input and output values, respectively. The variable power source power generation prediction unit 24 may learn a power generation prediction model so that an estimated value calculated based on the input values ​​of the training data as a whole approximates the output value as closely as possible.

[0023] The market price prediction unit 26 uses the market price prediction model to determine the trading price of electricity per predetermined amount of electricity at the predicted time to be traded in the electricity trading market. The market price prediction unit 26 notifies the power supply management system 30 of the calculated trading price. The market price prediction unit 26 uses market price fluctuation factors as input values ​​and calculates the trading price as an output value. The market price fluctuation factors include, for example, meteorological information related to the weather at the predicted time notified from the meteorological information system 70.

[0024] The trading system 54 notifies the market price prediction unit 26 of the electricity trading price for the completed electricity trade. The market price prediction unit 26 configures training data by accumulating a data set including market price fluctuation factors and transaction prices as input values ​​and output values ​​for each time. The trading system 54 may learn a market price prediction model so that an estimated value calculated based on the input values ​​of the training data as a whole approximates the output value as closely as possible.

[0025] The power supply management system 30 includes a target setting unit 32 and a supply control unit 34 . The target setting unit 32 sets a target total supply amount and a target total supply amount of low environmental load electricity at the predicted time so that the predicted demand amount is satisfied for each demand point 60 and the ratio of low environmental load electricity is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate. Here, satisfying the predicted demand amount for each demand point 60 means setting a target total supply amount to be equal to or greater than the sum of the predicted demand amounts for each demand point 60 at the predicted time. The ratio of low environmental load electricity corresponds to the proportion of low environmental load electricity in the predicted demand amount. The target setting unit 32 can estimate the amount of electricity obtained by multiplying the predicted demand amount for each demand point 60 by a predetermined target rate as the predicted demand amount of low environmental load electricity. The target setting unit 32 sets a target total supply amount of low environmental load electricity to be equal to or greater than the sum of the low environmental load electricity supply amounts for each demand point 60.

[0026] The target total supply amount is the sum of the target values ​​of the power supply amounts from the multiple power sources constituting the power supply system 40 (sometimes referred to as "target supply amount" in this application) and the power trade amount with the external power supply system. The power trade amount with the external power supply system refers to the amount of power transmitted by the power flow occurring between the external power supply system and the power supply system PS. For example, the power trade amount with the external power supply system PSB refers to the amount of power supplied from the external power supply system PSB to the power supply system PS or the amount of power provided from the power supply system PS to the external power supply system PSB. When power is supplied from the external power supply system PSB to the power supply system PS, the target total supply amount corresponds to the sum of the target values ​​of the power supply amounts from the multiple power sources and the target value of the power supply amount from the external power supply system PSB. When power is provided from the power supply system PS to the external power supply system PSB, the target total supply amount corresponds to the difference between the target values ​​of the power supply amounts from the multiple power sources and the amount of power provided to the external power supply system PSB.

[0027] The target low environmental load power supply amount corresponds to the sum of the target supply amounts of low environmental load power from the multiple power sources constituting the power source system 40. In other words, the target low environmental load power supply amount corresponds to the sum of the target values ​​of the power supply amounts from the power sources of low environmental load power (sometimes referred to as "low environmental load power sources" in this application) in the power source system 40.

[0028] The supply control unit 34 controls the amount of power supply from the power supply system 40 based on the target total supply amount and the target total low environmental load power supply amount notified by the target setting unit 32 . The power supply system 40 includes a plurality of power sources. The plurality of power sources may be located at different geographical locations. Some charging facilities and low environmental load power sources that cannot adjust the amount of power supply may be connected in close proximity to each other within a certain area so that they can transmit power to each other. Each power source directly or indirectly supplies the power it acquires to each demand point 60. At least some of the power sources are connected to a power distribution facility that constitutes the power transmission and distribution system 50, and supply the acquired power to the power distribution facility. Other power sources may be connected to a specific demand point 60 without being connected to a power distribution facility, and supply the acquired power to the demand point 60.

[0029] The multiple power sources include adjustable power sources and variable power sources. An adjustable power source is a power source that can adjust the amount of power supply. A variable power source is a power source that fluctuates in the amount of power supply, but the amount of power supply cannot be adjusted. The variable power source includes at least one low environmental load power source 42. The adjustable power source includes at least one charging equipment 46. The charging equipment 46 is capable of both charging to itself and discharging from itself. In addition to the above variable power sources, each power source may be equipped with a power meter that measures the amount of power supply, and may notify the supply control unit 34 of the actual value of the measured amount of supply as the actual supply amount. The supply control unit 34 may notify the consumer terminal device 12 of the actual supply amount at that time.

[0030] The supply control unit 34 controls the power supply amount of each adjustable power source and the power trading amount with the external power supply system so as to satisfy the target total supply amount at the prediction time, reduce the shortage amount of the target total low environmental load power supply amount with respect to the predicted total demand amount, and increase the profit and loss with respect to the power trading amount with the external power supply system. The predicted total demand amount corresponds to the sum of the predicted demand amount of low environmental load power for each demand point. The predicted demand amount of low environmental load power is calculated by multiplying the predicted demand amount of all power by a predetermined target rate of low environmental load power. In addition, the supply control unit 34 is notified of the predicted power generation amount of the variable power source from the variable power source power generation amount prediction unit 24. The variable power sources include low environmental load power sources. Therefore, the sum of the predicted power generation amount of each variable power source, the power supply amount of each adjustable power source, and the power trading amount with the external power supply system at a certain prediction time corresponds to the total supply amount. The sum of the predicted power generation amount of each variable power source that is a low environmental load power source and the power supply amount of each adjustable power source that is a low environmental load power source corresponds to the total low environmental load power supply.

[0031] The profit and loss for the electricity trading volume refers to the revenue that the power utility that manages the power supply system PS obtains when providing electricity to an external power supply system (also called electricity sales, sales, etc.) and the expenditure that must be borne when receiving electricity from the external power supply system (also called procurement, purchase, electricity purchase, etc.). In other words, the concept of increasing profit and loss includes both increasing the revenue from electricity sales and reducing the expenditure required for electricity purchase. In general, the higher the sales volume or purchase volume, the higher the revenue or expenditure associated with the transaction, respectively. The supply control unit 34 obtains market price information indicating the electricity trading price at the prediction time from the prediction system 20, and calculates the profit and loss by multiplying the trading price indicated in the market price information by the electricity trading volume.

[0032] However, the ratio of low environmental load power to the power discharged from the charging facility 46 is bound by the ratio of low environmental load power to the power charged to the charging facility 46. Charging to the charging facility 46 may be regarded as negative power supply from the charging facility 46. Here, the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34 may manage the amount of low environmental load power, which is a part of the amount of power charged to and discharged from the charging facility 46, by distinguishing it from the amount of power charged to and discharged from the charging facility 46. That is, the area (capacity) of each part of the charging facility 46 can be regarded as a demand unit of non-low environmental load power (when charging) or an adjustable power source (when discharging), and a demand unit of low environmental load power (when charging) or an adjustable power source (when discharging). However, charging and discharging do not occur simultaneously in each charging facility 46. The target setting unit 32 includes and accounts for the predicted value of the charging amount of the entire charging facility 46 at the predicted time as a predicted demand (power consumption) in the target total demand, and includes and accounts for the predicted value of the charging amount related to low environmental load power as a predicted value of the charging amount of low environmental load power in the target total low environmental load power supply. The supply control unit 34 controls the discharge amount of non-low environmental load power from the charging facility 46 at the predicted time as the power supply amount from the adjustable power source of non-low environmental load power, and controls the discharge amount of low environmental load power from the charging facility 46 as the power supply amount from the adjustable power source of low environmental load power.

[0033] FIG. 12 illustrates a case where a part of the capacity of the storage battery 46b constituting the charging facility 46 is allocated to CFE power, and another part is allocated to non-CFE power. CFE power is an example of low environmental load power that does not involve CO2 emissions in the power generation process. Non-CFE power is an example of non-low environmental load power that is a separate component from low environmental load power. Here, the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34 calculate the charge amount BC g,b , the remaining capacity BR of the storage battery 46b b and the discharge amount BD from the storage battery 46d to the demand point 60 b,d The amount of CFE power charged from the CFE power source 42c to the storage battery 46b BC_cfe g,b , remaining CFE power of the storage battery 46b BR_cfe b and the discharge amount BD_cfe from the storage battery 46b to the demand point 60 b,d and the amount of non-CFE power charged from the non-CFE power source 44n to the storage battery 46b BC_noncfeg,b , the remaining non-CFE power of the storage battery 46b BR_noncfe b , the amount of discharge from the storage battery 46b to the demand point 60 BD_noncfe b,d and manage them separately.

[0034] The supply control unit 34 controls the amount of power supply from each of the adjustable power sources constituting the power supply system 40 and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system so that the predicted total demand for power at the predicted time is equal to or less than the target total supply, and the target total low environmental load power supply reduces the shortage of the predicted total demand. The adjustable power sources to be controlled may also include the charging facility 46. Therefore, the power supply system 40 and the external power supply system can satisfy the demand for power at each of the demand points 60 and supply power so that the ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target ratio as much as possible. In addition, the amount of power supply from each of the power sources constituting the power supply system 40 and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system are controlled so that the profit and loss in the power trade with the external power supply system increases. Therefore, the power supply system PS can economically stabilize the supply and demand of power through the power trade with the external power supply system.

[0035] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of control of the amount of power supply for each power source and the amount of trading with an external power supply system according to the present embodiment. In the example of FIG. 4, a power supply system 40 includes a solar power generator, a wind power generator, a storage battery, and an adjustable CFE power source, and is connected to an external power supply system. The solar power plant and the wind power plant are examples of CFE power sources that are variable power sources. The storage battery is an example of a charging facility 46. The adjustable CFE power source refers to a CFE power source that is an adjustable power source. The adjustable CFE power source is, for example, a hydrogen generator.

[0036] In Fig. 4, the horizontal axis indicates time periods and the vertical axis indicates power. The time span of each time period is one hour. The dashed lines indicate the total demand for each time period. During the nighttime from 0:00 to 4:00 and from 18:00 to 23:00, the total demand is less than the total demand during other time periods. During the nighttime, power is mainly supplied from wind power plants and adjustable CFE power sources, and power is also supplied from external power supply systems via the power market (market procurement). However, solar power plants are not in operation. Power that cannot be met by the power supplied by wind power plants and adjustable CFE power sources alone is supplied from external power supply systems. During these time periods, power is not discharged from the storage battery.

[0037] In the morning from 5:00 to 8:00, the total demand increases over time, and the amount of power supplied from the solar power plant increases while the amount of power supplied from the adjustable CFE power source and the external power supply system decreases. Before 8:00, the amount of power supplied from the adjustable CFE power source becomes zero, and the total supply, which is the sum of the amounts of power supplied from the solar power generation and the wind power plant, exceeds the total demand. Charging of the surplus power not consumed by each demand point 60 to the storage battery (storage battery charging) begins.

[0038] During the daytime from 9:00 to 14:00, the total demand is greater than the total demand during other times. During this time, the total supply from solar power generation and wind power plants is greater than the total demand. From 9:00 to 13:00, part of the surplus electricity is stored in the storage battery, and the other part is provided to the external power supply system (surplus market sales). If the storage battery reaches a full charge state before 14:00, charging of the storage battery will stop, and the surplus electricity will be provided to the external power supply system.

[0039] In the evening from 15:00 to 17:00, the total demand decreases over time, and the amount of power supplied from the solar power plant decreases. Before 15:00, the total supply, which is the sum of the amounts of power supplied from the solar power generation and the wind power plant, falls below the total demand. Therefore, power supply from the adjustable CFE power source and the storage battery is started to meet the demand at each demand point 60. During this time period, the storage battery stores dischargeable power, and the trading price of power procured from the external power supply system is high, so that discharging from the storage battery is prioritized. Also, before 18:00, the amount of power supplied from the solar power generation becomes zero. Note that, after 19:00, the amount of power discharged from the storage battery decreases from 19:00 to 20:00 out of the surplus power, while the amount of power provided from the external power supply system increases. This is because during this time period, the trading price of power supplied from the external power supply system tends to be lower than the trading price of power already charged in the storage battery.

[0040] Next, a description will be given of an example of the functional configuration of the demander terminal device 12 according to this embodiment. Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the demander terminal device 12 according to this embodiment. The consumer terminal device 12 may be configured as an information device having a general-purpose computer system, or may be configured as a dedicated monitoring device. The consumer terminal device 12 may be realized in any form, such as a personal computer, a tablet terminal device, or a mobile phone.

[0041] The consumer terminal device 12 includes a control unit 122, a memory unit 124, a display unit 126, an operation input unit 128, and an input / output unit 130. The control unit 122 executes various processes for providing the functions of the consumer terminal device 12 . The control unit 122 includes a setting processing unit 122a and an output processing unit 122b. The setting processing unit 122a displays a predetermined setting screen on the display unit 126 and sets various setting information according to operation information input from the operation input unit 128. The setting information includes some or all of a location ID (identifier) ​​indicating an area corresponding to the demand point 60, activity information indicating activity at the demand point 60, usage information related to the use of facilities related to the demand unit 64, and a network address of a weather information site from which weather information is obtained. The location ID is an example of identification information for each demand point 60. An activity refers to the activity of a demander at the demand point 60, such as the demander's work, tasks, and behavior. The setting processing unit 122a associates the location ID with other setting information and notifies the demand forecasting unit 22 of the association.

[0042] The target value of the ratio of the supply amount of low environmental load power out of the power supplied to the demand point 60 may be a preset fixed value (e.g., 100%), but is not limited to this. Taking CFE power as an example of low environmental load power, the setting processing unit 122a may set the target CFE rate according to operation information input from the operation input unit 128. The target CFE rate corresponds to the target value of the ratio of CFE power. The control unit 122 associates the set target CFE rate with the location ID of the demand point 60 and notifies the target setting unit 32. Furthermore, the setting processing unit 122a may be capable of setting the CFE power application period for the demand point 60 in accordance with operation information input from the operation input unit 128. The control unit 122 associates the set CFE power application period with the location ID of the demand point 60 and notifies the target setting unit 32 of the same.

[0043] The CFE power application period refers to a period during which the CFE rate of power supplied to demand point 60 is equal to or higher than the target CFE rate. In other words, the CFE power application period is a period during which the target CFE rate is applied to power supplied to demand point 60. In other words, the notified CFE power application period corresponds to a period during which the predicted demand of demand point 60 is used in target setting unit 32 to calculate the target total low environmental load power supply amount. When the CFE power application period is set according to operation information, the CFE power included in the power to demand point 60 outside the CFE power application period is not counted in the target total low environmental load power supply amount by target setting unit 32.

[0044] The output processing unit 122b may configure a display screen showing power supply information to the demand point 60. The output processing unit 122b causes the configured display screen to be displayed on the display unit 126. The power supply information may include an actual value of the supplied power to the demand point 60 and an actual value of the CFE rate. The output processing unit 122b, for example, calculates an actual value of the supplied power (sometimes referred to as "actual supplied power" in this application) by compensating for attenuation accompanying transmission from each power source to the power notified from the power meter 12a. The output processing unit 122b can calculate the actual supplied power by multiplying the actual power consumption by the composition ratio of the power generation amount for each power source and dividing it by the attenuation rate related to the power source. The output processing unit 122b can determine the actual value of the CFE rate for the demand point 60 (sometimes referred to as the "actual CFE rate" in this application) as the product obtained by multiplying a preset target CFE rate by the ratio of the actual supply amount of CFE power to the target supply amount of CFE power. The actual supply amount of CFE power corresponds to the sum of the supply amounts of CFE power supplied from the CFE power sources. The actual supply amount of CFE power from each CFE power source is notified via the supply control unit 34. Note that when the obtained actual CFE rate exceeds 100%, the output processing unit 122b may determine the actual CFE rate for the demand unit 64 to be 100%.

[0045] The storage unit 124 temporarily or non-temporarily stores data used or generated by the control unit 122. The storage unit 124 includes storage media such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory). The storage unit 124 stores, for example, the above-mentioned setting screen, display screen templates, power supply information, and usage status information. The display unit 126 displays various display information in accordance with the control from the control unit 122. The display unit 126 displays, for example, the above-mentioned setting screen, setting information, etc. The display unit 126 may be, for example, any of an LED (Light Emitting Diode) display, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, etc.

[0046] The operation input unit 128 receives a user operation and outputs operation information corresponding to the received operation to the control unit 122. The operation input unit 128 is an input device such as a touch sensor, a mouse, or a keyboard, for example. The input / output unit 130 inputs and outputs various data to and from equipment separate from the consumer terminal device 12 via wired or wireless communication.

[0047] A power meter 12a is installed at the demand point 60. The power meter 12a measures the power consumption at the demand point 60. The power meter 12a includes a power sensor and an input / output interface. The power sensor measures the power flowing through a power line connected to the demand point 60. The input / output interface transmits the power measured by the power sensor to the consumer terminal device 12 wirelessly or via a wired connection.

[0048] 5, the consumer terminal device 12 may be configured as a single electronic device having the power meter 12a integrated therein, or may be configured as a separate device from the power meter 12a. The consumer terminal device 12 having the power meter 12a may be configured as a monitoring device (e.g., a smart meter).

[0049] The computer system of the consumer terminal device 12 downloads an application program (sometimes referred to as an "app" in this application) from a predetermined distribution server connected to the communication network, and executes the app to realize the functions of the consumer terminal device 12. The functions of the consumer terminal device 12 may be realized by executing a predetermined application program. In addition, part or all of the display unit 126 and the operation input unit 128 may be omitted from the consumer terminal device 12 if they can be connected to other parts of the consumer terminal device 12 wirelessly or via a wire so that data can be input and output.

[0050] Next, a description will be given of an example of a demand prediction model related to the demand prediction unit 22. Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a demand prediction model according to this embodiment. The demand forecasting model is a mathematical model configured for each demand point 60 and used to calculate predicted power consumption as an output value from an input value indicating usage status information in the inference stage. The demand forecasting unit 22 learns the demand forecasting model using training data. The training data includes a plurality of data sets. Each data set includes input values ​​(explanatory variables) indicating usage information at a point in time in the past and actual power consumption (objective variable) at that time, and these are associated with each other. In the learning stage, the demand forecasting unit 22 searches for a parameter set in which a predicted value calculated from an input value using the demand forecasting model for the entire training data is closer to an output value.

[0051] The demand forecasting unit 22 uses a machine learning model such as a decision tree, a random forest, or a neural network as a demand forecasting model. As an index value indicating the degree of approximation of a predicted value to an output value, any one of L2 norm, cross entropy, or a weighted sum of these is applied. In learning the demand learning model, a method such as a steepest descent method or a random search method is applied. The demand forecasting unit 22 repeats the process of searching for a parameter set until the magnitude of the difference between the predicted value and the output value becomes equal to or less than a certain convergence reference value. The demand forecasting unit 22 may verify whether or not the error between the predicted value and the output value for the input value is less than a predetermined error reference value by using test data consisting of multiple existing data sets separate from the training data through cross validation. The demand forecasting unit 22 applies the parameter set that makes the error less than the error reference value through cross validation to the inference of the actual power consumption.

[0052] Next, an example of the data configuration of the usage information used as an input value will be described. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the data configuration of the usage information according to this embodiment. The usage information includes a location ID, a business / production schedule, weather information, and actual demand volume, and these are associated with each other. The location ID is identification information that specifies each demand point. The business / production schedule is an example of activity information by demanders at the demand point 60 and utilization information of facilities at the demand point 60. The business calendar represents activity information. The business calendar includes information such as whether or not a business is open each day, business hours on business days, the duration required for each task during business hours, the locations of these, and participants. The facility usage schedule includes information such as the usage period for each facility at the demand point 60 .

[0053] The weather information includes, for example, all or some of information such as the amount of solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed, outdoor temperature, weather, precipitation and snowfall, etc. The weather information can be obtained from a weather information site. The sales / production schedule and weather information may include, in addition to the schedule at the predicted time, the schedule for the period before and after the predicted time, and the actual results up to the latest time. The actual demand amount indicates the actual power consumption for each fixed time period (30 minutes in the example of FIG. 7). The actual demand amount indicates a 30-minute integrated demand amount, a derived amount, and a CFE rate. The 30-minute integrated demand amount is the amount of power obtained by integrating the actual power consumption for each 30 minutes. The actual power consumption is the power notified from the power meter 12a. The derived amount may include any of the actual value of the previous day, a moving average value, etc. As the CFE rate, an actual CFE rate (described later) calculated in the output processing unit 122b of the consumer terminal device 12 may be applied.

[0054] The demand prediction unit 22 may simultaneously execute a learning process of sequentially constructing training data and learning a demand prediction model using the constructed training data, and a calculation process of calculating predicted power consumption from usage status information using the demand prediction model obtained by learning. In this case, the demand prediction unit 22 may execute the learning process and the inference process in a synchronized or asynchronous manner. Furthermore, the demand prediction unit 22 may execute the inference process using a demand prediction model learned in another device, without executing the learning process.

[0055] <Power supply operation control method> Next, a specific example of a method for controlling the operation of power sources in the power supply system PS according to this embodiment will be described. This method is based on the premise that an adjustable power source, a variable power source, and a charging facility are used as the multiple power sources, and that power is exchanged with an external power supply system (e.g., an external power supply system PSB) for a fee. In the following description, power procurement from the external power supply system and power supply to the external power supply system are called "market procurement" and "market sales", respectively, and both may be collectively called "market transactions". In addition, the main case is that the low environmental load power is CFE power, the charging facility is a storage battery, and the power source other than the charging facility is a generator. The multiple power sources include a CFE power source, and the CFE rate in the total supply amount of power supplied from each of the multiple power sources and the other power supply systems is restricted so as not to fall below a target CFE rate as much as possible.

[0056] The supply control unit 34 controls the power supply amount of each of the multiple power sources and the power trading amount with the external power supply system so as to satisfy the target total supply amount, reduce the CFE constraint deviation amount, and increase the profit and loss for the power trading amount with the external power supply system at each predicted time within a prediction period after the current time. The profit and loss on the amount of electricity traded with the external power supply system includes one or both of the electricity procurement and sales profit and loss and the charge and discharge trading profit and loss. The electricity procurement and sales profit and loss is an index obtained by subtracting the cost of procuring electricity from the external power supply system from the revenue from the sale of electricity from the power sources other than the charging equipment among the power sources provided in the power supply system 40 to the external power supply system.

[0057] The charge / discharge transaction profit / loss is an index obtained by subtracting the cost of procuring electricity from the external power supply system to charge the storage battery from the revenue from the sale of electricity from the storage battery to the external power supply system. Generally, electricity losses occur when charging or discharging the storage battery. That is, the amount of electricity charged to the storage battery is less than the amount of electricity supplied from the external power supply system. Also, the amount of electricity that can be discharged from the storage battery to the electricity transmission and distribution system 50 is less than the amount of electricity charged to the storage battery. However, since the selling price and procurement price of electricity vary depending on the time of day, businesses that manage storage batteries can earn revenue by using the storage batteries.

[0058] The CFE constraint deviation is a shortage amount equivalent to the difference between the target value of the total CFE power supply amount and its predicted value. Since the CFE constraint deviation amount has the dimension of power amount, it is multiplied by a predetermined regulating power source cost difference per unit power amount to convert it into a CFE deviation penalty and the economic efficiency is evaluated. The CFE deviation penalty can be regarded as a cost for not satisfying the target CFE rate according to the CFE constraint deviation amount. Note that if the target value of the total CFE power supply amount is equal to or less than the predicted value, the CFE deviation penalty may be set to zero.

[0059] The supply control unit 34 controls the power supply amount of each adjustable power source and the power trading amount with the external power supply system so as to maximize the function value of the objective function F exemplified in Equation (1). The objective function F corresponds to the difference obtained by subtracting the CFE deviation penalty from the sum of the power procurement and sales profit and loss and the charge and discharge trading profit and loss, that is, the profit and loss. In the present application, "maximization" means searching for the power supply amount of each adjustable power source and the power trading amount with the external power supply system so that the function value becomes as large as possible, and does not necessarily mean finding the power supply amount of each adjustable power source and the power trading amount with the external power supply system that makes the function value of the objective function absolutely maximum. The function value of the objective function F may temporarily decrease due to the control.

[0060]

number

[0061] The first, second, and third lines on the right side of formula (1) correspond to the profit and loss on electricity procurement and sales, the profit and loss on charging and discharging transactions, and the CFE deviation penalty, respectively. In formula (1), t indicates a time period. In the present application, t may be referred to as a "frame." Each time period is set at a predetermined cycle (e.g., 10 minutes to 1 hour). The sum for t indicates the total sum over a given length of prediction period (e.g., 1 day to 1 week) starting from the current time. By taking the total sum within the prediction period, maximization of profit and loss over the entire prediction period and achievement of the target CFE rate are pursued, regardless of temporary increases or decreases in revenue or CFE rate.

[0062] In formula (1), g, b, and d are indexes indicating the generator, storage battery, and demand unit, respectively. A certain value of g (e.g., g=0) indicates the external power supply system as the power supply source, and other values ​​of g may indicate individual generators. A certain value of d (e.g., d=0) indicates the external power supply system as the power supply destination, and other values ​​of d may indicate individual demand units. This allows the supply control unit 34 to centrally control the power supply by the generator and the power procurement from the external power supply system by referring to both the power demand in the demand unit and the power supply to the external power supply system.

[0063] The sum of the first line on the right side of equation (1) represents the sum for the generator or external power supply system g and the demand unit or external power supply system d. g,d,t , P.W. g,d,t respectively indicate the unit price of sales and the amount of power supplied from generator g to external power supply system d in frame t. g,d represents the efficiency of power transmission from generator g to external power supply system d. g,d,t , P.W. g,b,t respectively indicate the procurement cost and the amount of electricity supplied from the external power supply system g to the demand unit d in frame t. g,d represents the efficiency of power transmission from the generator g to the external power supply system d. That is, ηs g,dP.W. g,b,t represents the amount of electricity sold (traded amount) from generator g to external power supply system d. g,d represents the efficiency of power transmission from the external power supply system g to the demand unit d. That is, ηb g,d P.W. g,b,t indicates the amount of electricity procured (traded) from the external power supply system g to the demand unit d.

[0064] Power transmission efficiency ηs g,d , ηb g,d are positive real numbers less than or equal to 1, and greater than or equal to 1. Therefore, the amount of electricity sold may be less than the amount supplied from the generator g to the external power supply system d, and the amount of electricity procured may be more than the amount supplied from the external power supply system g to the demand unit d. That is, the first line on the right side of equation (1) shows that the difference between the total revenue from the sale of electricity from the power source of the system itself to the external power supply system and the total expenditure for procuring electricity from the external power supply system to the demand unit of the system itself is calculated as the electricity procurement sales profit and loss. Note that in each frame t, the sale of electricity to the external power supply system and the procurement of electricity from the external power supply system do not occur simultaneously.

[0065] The sum of the first term in the second line on the right-hand side indicates the sum for the storage battery b and the demand unit or external power supply system d. b,d,t , B.D. b,d,t respectively indicate the unit price of sales and the amount of power supplied from the storage battery b to the external power supply system d at frame t. b,d , η BD,b indicate the power transmission efficiency from storage battery b to external power supply system d and the discharge efficiency of storage battery b, respectively. The sum of the second term in the second line on the right-hand side indicates the sum for the external power supply system g and the storage battery b. BuyPrice g,b,t , B.C. g,b,t respectively indicate the procurement cost and the amount of power supplied from the external power supply system g to the storage battery b at frame t. g,b , η BC,b indicate the power transmission efficiency from the external power supply system g to the storage battery b, and the charging efficiency of the charging equipment b, respectively.b,d , discharge efficiency η BD,b , charging efficiency η BC,b are positive real numbers less than or equal to 1. b,d is a positive real number equal to or greater than 1. In the first term, the transmission efficiency ηs b,d and discharge efficiency η BD,b By multiplying by , the loss due to power transmission from the power source g to the external power supply system d and the loss due to discharge from the charging equipment b are taken into account. In the second term, the power transmission efficiency ηb g,b and charging efficiency η BC,b By multiplying the reciprocal of this, it is taken into consideration that more power than the charging amount is required to be procured based on the loss due to power transmission from the external power supply system g to the charging facility b and charging at the charging facility b. In other words, the second line on the right-hand side of equation (1) indicates that the charge / discharge transaction profit / loss is calculated as the difference between the total revenue from the sale of electricity from the charging equipment of the system itself to the external power supply system minus the total expenditure for procuring electricity from the external power supply system to the charging equipment of the system itself.

[0066] The sum of the third row on the right side of equation (1) shows the total for d units of demand. d , c d indicates the CFE constraint deviation amount per unit of demand d, and the unit price of the cost difference for regulated power sources. d corresponds to the unit price of the additional cost of operating an adjustable CFE power source in place of a non-CFE power source to supplement the CFE power. In other words, the CFE deviation penalty corresponds to the total cost converted according to the shortfall in CFE power per demand unit d.

[0067] <Restrictions> Next, the constraint conditions for the operation control method according to the present embodiment will be described. Some of the constraint conditions below may not be applied depending on the system configuration and other operating conditions. (a) Demand and supply constraints There are two types of demand and supply constraints. The first demand and supply constraint is the demand for electricity DM in all demand units or the external power supply system d in each frame t, as illustrated in equation (2). d,t is equal to the sum of the amount of power supplied from generator g to the demand unit or external power supply system d and the amount of power supplied to the external power supply system d for each storage battery b. The first and second terms on the right side of equation (2) respectively indicate the sum of the supply amount for each power source g other than the charging equipment and the sum of the supply amount for each charging equipment b.

[0068]

number

[0069] The second demand and supply constraint is the total power generation GEN in the power supply system PS at each frame t, as illustrated in equation (3). g,t is equal to the sum of the amount procured for demand unit d per generator g and the amount procured for charging facility b of generator g.

[0070]

number

[0071] (b) CFE constraints The CFE constraint is the planned CFE rate CFE for d demand units within the forecast period, as illustrated in equation (4). Plan_d The target CFE rate is CFE_target d CFE constraint deviation amount s d The planned CFE rate is equal to or greater than the difference between the Plan_d corresponds to the proportion of CFE power in the total demand. The CFE power in the total demand is the sum of the CFE power supply from the CFE power source g and the CFE power supply for each charging facility b. In equation (4), BD_cfe b,d,tindicates the amount of CFE power supplied from the battery b to the power supply system d in frame t. The CFE constraint is applied to a specific demand point 60 that manages the generator g and the storage battery b, which are CFE power sources, and does not need to be applied to other demand points 60.

[0072]

number

[0073] (c) Connection capacity constraints The connection capacity constraint is the power supply PW of each generator g, as illustrated in equation (5). g,d,t However, the contract capacity GEN g,contract max This indicates that the contract capacity will not exceed GEN. g,contract max is the upper limit of the amount of power that can be supplied from the generator g to the power transmission and distribution system 50 according to a contract between the manager of the generator g and the power company.

[0074]

number

[0075] (d) Battery-related constraints Battery-related constraints are imposed on the charging and discharging of the battery, including the battery remaining capacity DOD constraint, the battery remaining capacity BCP constraint, the battery discharge capacity constraint, the battery remaining capacity constraint, the mutual constraint between the battery charge and discharge capacity, the battery deterioration suppression constraint, the virtual multiple tank type constraint, and the CFE charging constraint.

[0076] The battery remaining capacity DOD constraint is based on the definition that the depth of discharge (DOD) is the ratio of the discharge amount to the battery capacity. That is, the battery remaining capacity DOD constraint is the battery remaining capacity BR of the battery b at each frame t as exemplified in Equation (6): b,t The battery capacity of battery b is B_DC_Capa_kW b , 1 and depth of discharge DOD b Residuals (1-DOD b ) or greater.

[0077]

number

[0078] The battery remaining capacity BCP constraint is the remaining battery capacity BR of battery b in each frame t. b,t Battery capacity B_DC_Capa_kW b The BCP constraint ratio is the lower limit of the remaining capacity ratio that should be maintained in preparation for emergencies such as natural disasters, accidents, and incidents. In other words, the battery remaining capacity BCP constraint is the remaining battery capacity BR of battery b in each frame t, as illustrated in equation (7). b,t The battery capacity of battery b is B_DC_Capa_kW b , 1 and BCP constraint ratio BCP b Residual(1-BCP b ) or greater.

[0079]

number

[0080] The battery discharge amount constraint is (i) the discharge amount BD of battery b in a frame t+1. b,t+1 The discharge amount in the previous frame t is BR b,t (ii) The discharge amount BD of the storage battery b in each frame t b,t The battery connection capacity B_AC_Capacity b This refers to the following: The battery remaining capacity constraint is the charge capacity BC b,t The battery connection capacity B_AC_Capacity b This refers to the following: Battery connection capacity B_AC_Capacity b is the capacity of the power transmission and distribution equipment connected to the storage battery b. b corresponds to the upper limit of the AC output power per frame.

[0081] The mutual constraints on the charge and discharge of the battery are the charge BC of battery b in each frame t. b,t and discharge amount BD b,t This means that at least one of these is zero. This means that charging and discharging cannot be performed simultaneously for one storage battery b. The mutual constraints on the storage battery charge and discharge amounts are expressed using equation (8). Z b,t is an auxiliary variable that takes a value of 1 when battery b is discharged at frame t and a value of 0 when no discharge occurs. M is a constant that is greater than the rated charge or discharge amount of battery b. That is, equation (8) expresses the charge amount BC b,t and discharge amount BD b,t are both constrained to be equal to or less than M. This prevents excessive current from flowing into or out of battery b.

[0082]

number

[0083] The battery degradation suppression constraint is the total discharge amount within a specific period of time that is equal to or less than the predetermined upper limit B_DC_DegeadationLimit_kWh. b The total discharge amount is set to be equal to or less than the upper limit B_DC_DegeadationLimit_kWh. b The following constraints prevent excessive discharge from the storage battery. Excessive discharge can be a major cause of deterioration of the storage battery. The sum of the bits t on the left side of equation (9) is applied to a specific period (e.g., 1 to 10 days). If the storage battery is equipped with a control circuit that controls the charging current or discharging current to itself within a specified range, or if the period since the installation or replacement of the storage battery does not exceed a predetermined period of use, the storage battery deterioration suppression constraint does not need to be applied.

[0084]

number

[0085] The virtual multi-tank constraint is imposed on the premise that the capacity of each storage battery b is virtually divided into areas for multiple types of power sources, and the charge amount, remaining amount, and discharge amount are managed in each area. The type of power source is also called the power source attribute. Each divided area is likened to a virtual tank. The multi-tank constraint is imposed, for example, between CFE power and non-CFE power for each frame t, and includes the following three items. As illustrated in Figure 12, (i) the remaining capacity BR of storage battery b, b,t is the remaining CFE power BR_cfe b,t and the remaining non-CFE power BR_noncfe b,t (ii) The charge amount BC of battery b is equal to the sum of b,t is the charge of CFE power BC_cfe b,t and the charge of non-CFE power BC_noncfe b,t (iii) The discharge amount BD of the storage battery b is equal to the sum of b,t is the charge amount of CFE power BR_cfe b,t and the remaining non-CFE power BR_noncfe b,t By managing the amount of power in the storage battery 46b separately for each type of power source, the supply control unit 34 can control the amount of charge or discharge to the storage battery 46b for each type of power source under the virtual multiple tank constraint.

[0086] The CFE charging constraint is a constraint condition that includes the following two items, and assumes that the virtual multiple tank type constraint is applied. In each frame t, (i) there is no charging of CFE power from another power supply system g to the storage battery b (i.e., the charging amount of CFE power BC_noncfe g=0,b is zero), and (ii) no charging of non-CFE power from the non-CFE power source g to the storage battery b occurs (i.e., the charging amount of non-CFE power BC_noncef g,b,t is zero). In addition, the supply control unit 34 calculates the remaining CFE power BR_cfe of the storage battery b in a certain frame t as shown in the formula (10). b,t CFE power charge BC_cfe b,t Add or discharge the CFE power CD_cfe b,t The value obtained by subtracting BR_cfe b,t +BC_cfeb,t -BD_cfe b,t Given the loss rate BR loss,b The remaining CFE power in the next frame t is reduced by BR_cfe. b,t The loss rate BR may be calculated. loss,b is a preset real number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, and may differ depending on the specifications of storage battery b.

[0087]

number

[0088] Similarly, the supply control unit 34 calculates the remaining amount of non-CFE power BR_noncfe of the storage battery b in a certain frame t as shown in equation (11). b,t Charge amount of non-CFE power BC_noncfe b,t Add or discharge the non-CFE power CD_noncfe b,t The value obtained by subtracting BR_noncfe b,t +BC_noncfe b,t -BD_noncfe b,t Given the loss rate BR loss,b Decrease the remaining non-CFE power in the next frame t BR_noncfe b,t may be calculated.

[0089]

number

[0090] 12 illustrates an example in which the charge amount, remaining amount, and discharge amount of each storage battery 46b are managed by dividing them into an area for CFE power and an area for non-CFE power, and each is used to control the charge and discharge amount, but this is not limited thereto. The charge amount, remaining amount, and discharge amount of the storage battery 46b may be managed by dividing them into three or more types of areas, and each may be used to control the charge and discharge amount. Each area is associated with a type of power source. For example, the area of ​​the storage battery 46b may be divided according to the generation process of hydrogen used as fuel in hydrogen power generation, and the charge amount, remaining amount, and discharge amount may be managed for each individual area.

[0091] For example, the area of ​​the storage battery 46b may be divided into seven types. Each area may correspond to any one of green hydrogen, blue hydrogen, yellow hydrogen, purple hydrogen, brown hydrogen, white hydrogen, and turquoise hydrogen. Green hydrogen is hydrogen obtained by electrolyzing water using electricity generated by a power generation method that does not generate CO2, such as solar power generation, wind power generation, or hydroelectric power generation. These power generation methods may also be divided into the same area as green hydrogen. Blue hydrogen is hydrogen produced from fossil fuels (particularly natural gas) using CCUS (Carbon dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage) technology without releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Yellow hydrogen is hydrogen obtained by electrolyzing water using electricity generated by nuclear power generation. Nuclear power generation may also be divided into the same area as yellow hydrogen. Purple hydrogen is hydrogen produced from methane derived from living organisms (biomass). Brown hydrogen is hydrogen produced using coal (particularly lignite) as a raw material. White hydrogen is hydrogen produced as a by-product from steel mill blast furnaces. Turquoise hydrogen is hydrogen produced by direct pyrolysis of natural gas without releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Direct pyrolysis produces solid carbon as a by-product.

[0092] Of these seven types, hydrogen derived from fossil fuels and produced using methods that emit CO2 into the atmosphere may be classified as grey hydrogen. In other words, brown hydrogen, purple hydrogen, and white hydrogen may be collectively classified as grey hydrogen. Blue hydrogen may be included in grey hydrogen. The CFE power source may include hydrogen generators fueled by green hydrogen and turquoise hydrogen, and may not include hydrogen generators fueled by grey hydrogen. The CFE power source may include hydrogen generators fueled by blue hydrogen. The CFE power source may not include hydrogen generators fueled by yellow hydrogen, as yellow hydrogen creates an environmental burden in that it generates radioactive waste during the hydrogen production process.

[0093] As another example of the battery-related constraint, the supply control unit 34 may apply a mixed single tank constraint using a weighted average or a FIFO (First-In First-Out) constraint instead of the virtual multiple tank constraint. In the mixed single tank constraint by weighted average, it is assumed that the storage battery 46b charges and discharges power related to all power source attributes without distinguishing between capacities. That is, the storage battery 46b is regarded as a virtual single tank, and power of all power source attributes is stored collectively. In the mixed single tank constraint by weighted average, under this assumption, the supply control unit 34 sets the weighted average of the CFE rates as an estimated CFE rate, and controls the charge amount for the storage battery 46b for each power source attribute so that the estimated CFE rate is equal to or greater than the target CFE rate. The weighted average of the CFE rate is obtained by weighting the CFE rate set in advance for each power source attribute with the ratio of the charge amount related to the power source attribute to the total amount of power for the storage battery 46b. The CFE rate of the power stored or discharged in the storage battery 46b by the mixed single tank constraint is also equal to the CFE rate of the power to be charged. Therefore, the mixed single tank constraint by weighted average does not need to be applied when discharging.

[0094] The FIFO constraint is based on the premise that the charging period during which the storage battery 46b is charged from the power source for each charging and the discharging period during which the storage battery 46b is discharged for each discharging are managed. Each charging can be considered to form one virtual tank in the storage battery 46b. Under this premise, the supply control unit 34 controls the discharge amount so that the earlier the power is charged, the earlier it is discharged. When the remaining amount of power charged in a certain time during discharging runs out to zero, the supply control unit 34 starts discharging the power charged in the following time. Note that the upper or lower limit of the number of times the storage battery 46b is charged (the number of tanks) need not be set in particular.

[0095] <Application Examples> The above constraint conditions include items whose application or scope varies depending on the power source arrangement in the power supply system PS or the contract between the power company and the demand point 60. Below, the application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment will be described, focusing mainly on the differences from the above schematic configuration example. Unless otherwise specified, the explanation of the schematic configuration example will be used for the points in common.

[0096] Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing a first application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS illustrated in Fig. 8, the power supply system 40 includes a solar power generator 42p, a wind power generator 42w, a storage battery 46b, and an adjustable power supply 44. The solar power generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w are examples of the low environmental load power supply 42 (Fig. 1). The storage battery 46b is an example of the charging facility 46 (Fig. 1). That is, the storage battery 46b is installed as an off-site PV (Photovoltaic) / wind power combined storage battery.

[0097] The solar power generator 42p, the wind power generator 42w, and the storage battery 46b are installed as PPA power sources on a site managed by a PPA operator, which is geographically separated from the demand point 60. The solar power generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w are connected to the storage battery 46b without going through the power distribution equipment constituting the power transmission and distribution system 50. The solar power generator 42p, the wind power generator 42w, and the storage battery 46b are connected to the demand point 60 via the power distribution equipment constituting the power transmission and distribution system 50. The PPA operator and the PPA consumer respectively refer to the seller and consumer of electricity based on the PPA. The PPA power source is a power source mainly for supplying electricity based on the PPA. and the storage battery 46b are close to each other.

[0098] In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 8, it is required to maximize the PPA profit and loss and the market transaction profit and loss, and to make the CFE rate of the power supplied to the demand point 60 achieve the target CFE rate. The power procurement and sales profit and loss (first line of formula (1)) includes the profit and loss from the market sale and PPA sale of the power supplied from the photovoltaic power generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w, and the PPA sale of the power procured on the market. The PPA sale is the sale of power to the PPA consumer. The charge and discharge transaction profit and loss (second line of formula (1)) includes the profit and loss from the charging of the storage battery 46b from the photovoltaic power generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w provided at the same time, the charging of the storage battery 46b with the power procured on the market, the discharging of the storage battery 46b to the market, and the discharging of the storage battery 46b to the PPA consumer. The first demand and supply constraint (formula (2)) is applied to the PPA consumer.

[0099] Charging the storage battery 46b from the photovoltaic generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w is beneficial to PPA consumers in that, unlike electricity procured from the market, electricity wheeling charges (sometimes abbreviated as "wheeling charges") and renewable energy generation promotion surcharges (sometimes abbreviated as "renewable energy surcharges") are not required. Wheeling charges are fees paid to electricity transmission and distribution businesses that own electricity transmission and distribution networks (e.g., electricity transmission and distribution systems 50, 50B) as electricity transmission costs under the Electricity Business Act. Renewable energy surcharges are fees that consumers pay to electricity businesses as part of their electricity bills to purchase electricity generated by renewable energy based on the Special Measures Act on the Promotion of the Use of Renewable Energy Electricity (abbreviated as the "Renewable Energy Special Measures Act").

[0100] Then, by using the CFE deviation penalty (third line of equation (1)) as a loss factor, the charging and discharging of the storage battery 46b, the operation of the adjustable power source 44, and the supply and demand of electricity with the market are controlled by the supply control unit 34 so as to induce the achievement of the target CFE rate of the electricity supplied to the PPA consumer.

[0101] Fig. 9 is a block diagram showing a second application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS shown in Fig. 9, a power supply system 40 includes a solar power generator 42p, a storage battery 46b, and an adjustable power supply 44. In the example of Fig. 9, the storage battery 46b is installed as an on-site PV-attached storage battery. The photovoltaic generator 42p and the storage battery 46b are installed on the premises of a specific consumer. The photovoltaic generator 42p is connected to the storage battery 46b without passing through a power distribution facility constituting the power transmission and distribution system 50. The photovoltaic generator 42p, the wind power generator 42w, and the storage battery 46b are connected to the demand point 60 of the consumer without passing through a power distribution facility constituting the power transmission and distribution system 50.

[0102] Even in the configuration illustrated in FIG. 9, it is required to maximize the PPA profit and loss and market transaction profit and loss for a specific consumer, and for the CFE rate of the electricity supplied to the demand point 60 of that consumer to achieve the target CFE rate. The profit and loss from electricity procurement and sales (first line of equation (1)) includes the profit and loss from the market sale of electricity supplied from the solar power generator 42p (on-site generation) and the consumption by consumers of electricity procured on the market. The profit and loss from electricity procurement and sales due to self-consumption by consumers is zero. In addition, the market procurement of electricity consumed by consumers may be restricted. The first demand and supply constraint (equation (2)) is applied to certain consumers, but may not be applied to other consumers.

[0103] The charge / discharge transaction profit / loss (the second line of formula (1)) includes the profit / loss due to charging the storage battery 46b from the attached photovoltaic power generator 42p and discharging the storage battery 46b to the market. When charging the storage battery 46b from the attached photovoltaic power generator 42p, the procurement cost does not include the wheeling charge and the renewable energy surcharge. The charge / discharge transaction profit / loss due to the self-consumption of the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generator 42p is zero. In addition, the market procurement of electricity may be restricted for the purpose of charging the photovoltaic power generator 42p. In the example of FIG. 9, the CFE deviation penalty (the third line of formula (1)) is also a loss factor. Therefore, the charge / discharge of the storage battery 46b, the operation of the adjustable power source 44, and the supply and demand of electricity with the market are controlled by the supply control unit 34 so that the CFE rate of the electricity supplied to a specific consumer achieves the target CFE rate as much as possible.

[0104] In the example of Fig. 9, unlike the example of Fig. 8, the storage battery 46b may be expected to be a supply source of emergency power for the consumer. In that case, the supply control unit 34 may impose a storage battery remaining amount BCP constraint on the discharge from the storage battery 46b to maintain a certain level or more of remaining amount. In addition, the photovoltaic generator 42p and the storage battery 46b may be interconnected with the power transmission and distribution system 50, and surplus power may not be supplied to other demand units or the power supply system. In that case, the connection capacity constraint (Equation (5)) is not applied.

[0105] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a third application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS illustrated in FIG. 10, the power supply system 40 includes a photovoltaic generator 42p, a wind power generator 42w, a storage battery 46b, and an adjustable power supply 44. The photovoltaic generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w are installed in a site managed by the PPA operator and geographically distant from the demand point 60. That is, the storage battery 46b is installed as a set of offside PV / wind power generation and a separate off-site power source. The storage battery 46b constitutes a part of the power transmission and distribution system 50 and is installed as a system storage battery. The photovoltaic generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w are connected to the demand point 60 via the distribution equipment of the power transmission and distribution system 50. The storage battery 46b is installed in a position geographically distant from both the demand point 60 and the site of the PPA operator, and is installed as a system storage battery that constitutes a part of the power transmission and distribution system 50.

[0106] In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 10, it is required to maximize the PPA profit and loss and the market transaction profit and loss, and to make the CFE rate of the power supplied to the demand point 60 achieve the target CFE rate. The power procurement and sales profit and loss (first line of formula (1)) includes the profit and loss from the market sale and PPA sale of the power supplied from the photovoltaic generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w, and the PPA sale of the power procured on the market. The charge and discharge transaction profit and loss (second line of formula (1)) includes the profit and loss from the charging of the storage battery 46b from the photovoltaic generator 42p and the wind power generator 42w, the charging of the storage battery 46b with the power procured on the market, and the discharging of the storage battery 46b to the market. Since the storage battery 46b is used as a grid storage battery, the power supplied from the storage battery 46b is not sold under PPA. At the time of filing this application, the system requires that electricity procured on the market to charge the storage battery 46b is subject to a renewable energy surcharge and a portion of the amount of electricity procured equivalent to the charging loss in the storage battery 46b (battery loss), but does not require a wheeling charge and a renewable energy surcharge, which is not applicable to the supply of electricity up to the storage battery 46b. This is because the amount equivalent to the charging loss corresponds to the difference between the amount of electricity procured and the increase in the remaining amount, and is considered to be electricity consumption. The wheeling charge and renewable energy surcharge for the amount equivalent to the charging loss can be included in the procurement cost. In addition, by using the CFE deviation penalty (third line of equation (1)) as a loss factor, the charging and discharging of the storage battery 46b, the operation of the adjustable power source 44, and the supply and demand of electricity with the market are controlled by the supply control unit 34 so as to induce the achievement of the target CFE rate of the electricity supplied to the PPA consumer.

[0107] Fig. 11 is a block diagram showing a fourth application example of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS shown in Fig. 11, the power supply system 40 includes a CFE power supply 42c, an adjustable power supply 44, and a storage battery 46b. The CFE power source 42c, the adjustable power source 44, and the storage battery 46b are all installed at locations geographically separated from the demand point 60. The CFE power source 42c and the adjustable power source 44 are connected to the demand point 60 via the power distribution equipment of the power transmission and distribution system 50. The storage battery 46b is installed at a location geographically separated from both the demand point 60 and the premises of the PPA operator, and is installed as a system storage battery that constitutes part of the power transmission and distribution system 50. If the CFE power source 42c is an adjustable power source, it becomes a target for controlling the amount of power supply.

[0108] In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 11, the power transmission and distribution business operator is basically required to maximize the profit and loss of market transactions. The supply control unit 34 controls the charge and discharge amount of the storage battery 46b and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system so as to maximize the function value of the objective function F' illustrated in Equation (12). The objective function F' indicates the profit and loss of charge and discharge transactions in the prediction period. The profit and loss of charge and discharge transactions includes the profit and loss of the power procured in the market by charging the storage battery 46b and discharging the power from the storage battery 46b to the market. Therefore, low-priced power is procured from the market and high-priced power is supplied to the market (arbitrage). Moreover, the objective function F' does not include a factor equivalent to the profit and loss of power procurement and sales (first row of Equation (1)). The demand and supply constraint (Equation (2)) is not applied. In this case, too, the electricity procured on the market to charge the storage battery 46b will be subject to a renewable energy surcharge and the portion of the procured electricity equivalent to the charging losses in the storage battery 46b will be subject to wheeling charges and a renewable energy surcharge, but the supply of electricity up to the storage battery 46b will not be subject to this.

[0109]

number

[0110] However, the CFE rate of the power supplied to the consumer is not controlled by simply maximizing the objective function F'. In order to achieve the target CFE rate, the supply control unit 34 controls the amount of power supply for each adjustable power source 44, the amount of charge / discharge of the storage battery 46b, and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system so as to maximize the function value of the objective function F'', as exemplified in equation (13). The objective function F'' includes the charge / discharge trading revenue as well as a CFE deviation penalty. This restricts the CFE rate supplied to the consumer to be equal to or higher than the target CFE rate. In addition, the CFE constraint (equation (4)) may be applied to a specific consumer and not to other consumers.

[0111]

number

[0112] In the above description, an example has been given in which electricity transactions with an external power supply system are performed using the trading system 54, and the transaction price, i.e., the selling price or procurement price, is variable, but this is not limiting. The selling price or procurement price may be a predetermined constant value. The selling price or procurement price may be determined based on, for example, a feed-in tariff (FIT). In that case, the market price prediction unit 26 and the trading system 54 may be omitted. Electricity may be exchanged between multiple power transmission and distribution systems without depending on the transaction price.

[0113] In the above description, the environmental load related to the supply of electricity is mainly the emission of CO2, but this is not limited to the above. The above embodiment may be applied to the emission of greenhouse gases other than CO2 or other types of environmental loads. Greenhouse gases other than CO2 include, for example, methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NO2), and the like. x , fluorocarbons, etc. In addition, the above embodiment may be applied to cases where the environmental load is an artificial process, such as the combustion of fossil fuels, the combustion of hydrogen, and nuclear reactions. In such cases, the natural energy rate can be used as the ratio of low environmental load power instead of the CFE rate.

[0114] In the above description, the charging equipment constituting the power supply system 40 is mainly a storage battery, but the present invention is not limited to this. The charging equipment only needs to have a function as a DC power source capable of charging and discharging, including one or more storage batteries. Such charging equipment may be configured as, for example, a static power supply equipment (including so-called disaster prevention power storage equipment), an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), or the like.

[0115] The demand forecasting unit 22, the variable power generation forecasting unit 24, the market price forecasting unit 26, the target setting unit 32, the supply control unit 34, the supply information management unit 36, and the trading system 54 according to the above embodiment may be configured as independent electronic devices, or may be realized as electronic devices configured for each set of some or all of them. For example, the forecasting system 20 may be configured as a forecasting device including the demand forecasting unit 22, the variable power generation forecasting unit 24, and the market price forecasting unit 26. The power supply management system 30 may be configured as a power supply management device including the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34. The power supply management device including the target setting unit 32 may include the demand forecasting unit 22. The power supply management system 30 may be configured as a CEMS (Community Energy Management System). The demander terminal device 12 may include a demand forecasting unit 22. The demander terminal device 12 may be configured as a Mansion Energy Management System (MEMS), a Building Energy Management System (BEMS), or the like.

[0116] The consumer terminal device 12 and other electronic devices may each include a general-purpose computer system. Fig. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration example of a computer system 170 according to an embodiment of the present application. The computer system 170 includes, for example, a processor 172, an input device 178, an output device 180, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 182, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 184, an auxiliary storage unit 186, and an interface unit 188. The processor 172, the input device 178, the output device 180, the ROM 182, the RAM 184, the auxiliary storage unit 186, and the interface unit 188 are connected to each other using a bus BS.

[0117] The processor 172, for example, reads out programs and various data stored in the ROM 182, executes the programs, and controls the operation of the computer system 170. In this application, "executing a program" or "executing a program" includes the meaning of executing processing instructed by commands written in the program. The processor 172 is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit). There may be more than one processor 172. The multiple processors 172 may include a GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) in addition to the CPU.

[0118] The input device 178 receives a user's operation, receives operation information corresponding to the received operation, and outputs operation data to the processor 172. The operation input unit 128 of the consumer terminal device 12 corresponds to the input device 178. The output device 180 outputs the output data input from the processor 172 to various devices serving as output destinations. The display unit 126 of the consumer terminal device 12 corresponds to the output device.

[0119] The ROM 182 stores, for example, a program for execution by the processor 172 . The RAM 184 is used as a main storage medium that functions as a working area for temporarily storing various data and programs used by the processor 172, for example. The auxiliary storage unit 186 is a storage medium such as a hard disk drive (HDD), a flash memory, etc. The storage unit 124 of the consumer terminal device 12 includes the auxiliary storage unit 186.

[0120] The interface unit 188 is connected to other devices and can input and output various data wirelessly or wired. The interface unit 188 includes, for example, a communication module that connects to a network wired or wirelessly. The input / output unit 130 of the consumer terminal device 12 corresponds to the interface unit 188.

[0121] As described above, the power supply system PS according to the present embodiment includes a demand prediction unit 22 that predicts a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of power consumption at a demand point 60 at a prediction time later than the current time, using a demand prediction model based on the power usage status at the demand point 60 to which power is supplied from a power distribution facility (e.g., a power transmission and distribution system 50). The power supply system PS includes a target setting unit 32 that sets a target total supply amount, which is a sum of target values ​​of power supply amounts from a plurality of power sources and power trading amounts with an external power supply system (e.g., an external power supply system PSB), and a target total low environmental load power supply amount, which is a sum of target values ​​of supply amounts of low environmental load power, so as to satisfy a predicted demand amount that makes a ratio of low environmental load power (e.g., CFE power) equal to or higher than a predetermined target rate (e.g., a target CFE rate) for each demand point 60. The power supply system PS includes a supply control unit 34 that controls the power supply amount from the plurality of power sources. The plurality of power sources include an adjustable power source 44 whose power supply amount is adjustable, and a variable power source whose power supply amount is not adjustable. The variable power source includes at least one power source of low environmental load power (e.g., a solar power generator 42p, a wind power generator 42w, a CFE power source 42c). The adjustable power source includes at least one charging and discharging facility 46 (e.g., a storage battery 46b). The supply control unit 34 controls the amount of power supply from the adjustable power source and the amount of power traded with the external power supply system so as to satisfy the target total supply amount at the predicted time, reduce the shortage of the target total low environmental load power supply amount against the predicted total demand amount, which is the sum of the predicted demand amounts of low environmental load power, and increase the profit and loss on the amount of power traded with the external power supply system. According to this configuration, the profit and loss in the power trade with the external power supply system is increased, the ratio of low environmental load power is set to a predetermined target rate or higher, and the power supply from adjustable power and the power trade with the external power system are controlled. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the environmental load while pursuing economic efficiency.

[0122] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power source of low environmental load power may be connected to the charging facility without passing through a power distribution facility. According to this configuration, the charging facility is charged with low environmental load power, the supply of which fluctuates significantly over time, and this avoids losses associated with power transmission, leading to effective use of the low environmental load power.

[0123] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power source of low environmental load power and the charging facility may be connected to the demand point 60 via a power distribution facility. According to this configuration, the consumer can achieve economic efficiency and reduce the environmental load without having to own a low environmental load power source and charging equipment.

[0124] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power source of low environmental load power and the charging facility may be connected to a demand point without passing through a power distribution facility. According to this configuration, the low environmental load power is supplied to the demand point without passing through the power distribution facility, thereby avoiding losses associated with power transmission, and thus the low environmental load power can be used more effectively.

[0125] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power transmission and distribution system 50 having the power distribution facility may also include a charging facility. According to this configuration, surplus power that is not consumed at the demand point 60 among the power supplied to the power distribution facility is charged to the charging facility, and when the demand at the demand point 60 cannot be met by the power supplied to the power distribution facility alone, the power discharged from the charging facility can supplement the demand at the demand point 60. By reducing the amount of power procured from the external power supply system, it is possible to further improve economy.

[0126] In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, the power source of low environmental load power may be connected to a power distribution facility. According to this configuration, the low environmental load power can be charged to the charging facility via the wiring facility, so that the supply and demand of the low environmental load power can be stabilized.

[0127] In the power supply system PS of this embodiment, the variable power source includes multiple types of power sources (e.g., green hydrogen, gray hydrogen, etc.), and the supply control unit may control the amount of charging or discharging for each type of power source to the charging equipment. According to this configuration, it is possible to stabilize the supply and demand for each of the different types of power sources.

[0128] Although the present embodiment has been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to the above-mentioned configurations, and includes designs within the scope of the present embodiment. The above-mentioned configurations can be arbitrarily combined, and some of them may be omitted. [Explanation of symbols]

[0129] PS...power supply system, PSB...external power supply system, 12...consumer terminal device, 12a...power meter, 22...demand forecasting unit, 24...variable power generation forecasting unit, 26...market price forecasting unit, 30...power supply management system, 32...target setting unit, 34...supply control unit, 40, 40B...power supply system, 42...low environmental load power supply, 42c...CFE power supply, 42p...photovoltaic power generator, 42w...wind power generator, 44...adjustable power supply, 44n...non-CFE power supply, 46...charging equipment, 46b...storage battery, 50, 50B...power transmission and distribution system, 5 4...trading system, 60...demand point, 62...branch point, 64 (64-1, 64-2)...demand unit, 66 (66-1, 66-2)...load, 70...weather information system, 122...control unit, 122a...setting processing unit, 122b...output processing unit, 124...storage unit, 126...display unit, 128...operation input unit, 130...input / output unit, 170...computer system, 172...processor, 178...input device, 180...output device, 182...ROM, 184...RAM, 186...auxiliary storage unit, 188...interface unit

Claims

1. a demand forecasting unit that uses a demand forecasting model to forecast a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of power consumption at a demand point at a forecast time later than the current time, based on a power usage state at the demand point to which power is supplied from the power distribution facility; a target setting unit that sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of target values ​​of the power supply amounts from a plurality of power sources and the amount of power traded with an external power supply system, and a target total low environmental load power supply amount, which is the sum of target values ​​of the supply amounts of low environmental load power, so as to satisfy the predicted demand that sets a ratio of low environmental load power to a predetermined target rate or more for each demand point; a supply control unit that controls the amount of power supplied from the plurality of power sources, The plurality of power sources include an adjustable power source whose power supply amount is adjustable and a variable power source whose power supply amount is not adjustable, The variable power source includes at least one power source having low environmental impact; The adjustable power supply includes at least one charging device capable of charging and discharging; The supply control unit is a sum of the amount of power supply for each of the power sources and the amount of power traded at the predicted time is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount, converting a difference between the target total supply amount of low environmental load electricity and a predicted total demand amount of low environmental load electricity, which is the sum of the predicted demand amounts of the low environmental load electricity, into a cost for not satisfying the target rate; so that an objective function obtained by subtracting the cost from the profit and loss for the amount of power traded with the external power supply system increases, Controlling the amount of power supplied from the adjustable power source and the amount of power exchanged with the external power supply system Power supply system.

2. The power supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the power source of the low environmental load electricity is connected to the charging facility without passing through the power distribution facility.

3. The power source of the low environmental load electricity and the charging facility are connected to the demand point via the power distribution facility. The power supply system according to claim 2 .

4. The power source of the low environmental load electricity and the charging facility are connected to the demand point without passing through the power distribution facility. The power supply system according to claim 2 .

5. The power transmission and distribution system having the power distribution facility includes the charging facility. The power supply system according to claim 2 .

6. The power source of the low environmental load power is connected to the power distribution facility. The power supply system according to claim 5 .

7. The variable power source includes a plurality of types of power sources, The supply control unit is Controlling the amount of charge or discharge for each type of power source to the charging facility The power supply system according to claim 1 .

8. A plurality of power sources including an adjustable power source capable of adjusting the amount of power supply and a variable power source capable of adjusting the amount of power supply, The variable power source includes at least one power source having low environmental impact; The adjustable power supply includes at least one charging device capable of charging and discharging, and the power supply method includes the steps of: a prediction step in which a demand prediction unit predicts a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of power consumption at a demand point at a prediction time later than the present time, using a demand prediction model based on a power usage situation at the demand point to which power is supplied from the power distribution facility; a setting step of setting a target total supply amount, which is the sum of target values ​​of the amount of power supply from the plurality of power sources and the amount of power traded with an external power supply system, and a target total supply amount of low environmental load power, which is the target value of the sum of the amount of supply of low environmental load power, so that the target setting unit satisfies the predicted demand for each of the demand points such that the ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate; a control step in which a supply control unit controls the amount of power supply from the plurality of power sources, a sum of the amount of power supply for each of the power sources and the amount of power traded at the predicted time is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount, converting a difference between the target total supply amount of low environmental load electricity and a predicted total demand amount of low environmental load electricity, which is the sum of the predicted demand amounts of the low environmental load electricity, into a cost for not satisfying the target rate; so that an objective function obtained by subtracting the cost from the profit and loss for the amount of power traded with the external power supply system increases, controlling the amount of power provided by the adjustable power source and the amount of power exchanged with the external power supply system. Power supply method.

Images