Laminated glazing assembly including an antenna assembly - Patents.com

Abstract

To provide a laminated glazing assembly including an antenna assembly, which is suitable to be installed in a vehicle.SOLUTION: A laminated glazing assembly 20 includes an outer glass substrate 22, an inner glass substrate 24, and a polymeric interlayer 26 disposed therebetween. The laminated glazing assembly also includes an antenna assembly 28 disposed between the polymeric interlayer and one of the outer and inner glass substrates. The antenna assembly includes a film layer that carries a radiating element. The film layer may be a transparent film layer having a refractive index from 1.45 to 1.55. The radiating element includes conductive wires disposed on the film layer and configured to be energized to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. The laminated glazing assembly may also include an adhesive layer disposed between the film layer and one of the outer and inner glass substrates.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2A

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates generally to laminated glazing assemblies, and more specifically to laminated glazing assemblies including antenna assemblies.

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 980,664, filed November 4, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Background technology]

[0003] There is an increasing trend among some automobile manufacturers to expand vehicle connectivity by adding multiple antennas on and / or within the vehicle. One solution has been developed to include antenna assemblies within glass components of the vehicle, such as the windshield. However, there are significant challenges involved.

[0004] Attempts have been made to place transparent films carrying radiating elements in laminated windshields. However, such antenna assemblies are often visible when viewed through the windshield. In fact, even when these antenna assemblies are transparent, the edges of the transparent film are still perceptible when viewed through the laminated windshield. In addition, including these antenna assemblies in laminated windshields often poses problems with sufficient impact resistance and penetration resistance. Furthermore, as the desired frequency range of antenna assemblies increases (e.g., for 5G cellular), it becomes increasingly difficult to eloquently and effectively power the radiating elements included in the laminated windshield to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above, a need has arisen for an improved laminated glazing assembly with an antenna assembly.

[0006] A general aspect of the present disclosure provides a laminated glazing assembly. The laminated glazing assembly includes an outer glass substrate having an outer surface (P1 surface) and an opposing inner surface (P2 surface); an inner glass substrate having an inner surface (P3 surface) and an opposing outer surface (P4 surface); and a polymer interlayer disposed between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate. The laminated glazing assembly further includes an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface. The antenna assembly has an antenna thickness of 100 μm or less and includes a transparent film layer and a radiating element. The transparent film layer has a refractive index of 1.45 to 1.55 and includes a first surface facing one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface and an opposite second surface facing the polymer interlayer. The radiating element includes a conductive wire disposed on one of the first surface and the second surface of the transparent film layer and configured to be energized and transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals.

[0007] Another general aspect of the present disclosure provides a laminated glazing assembly. The laminated glazing assembly includes an outer glass substrate having an outer surface (P1 surface) and an opposing inner surface (P2 surface); an inner glass substrate having an inner surface (P3 surface) and an opposing outer surface (P4 surface); and a polymer interlayer disposed between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate. The laminated glazing assembly further includes an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface. The antenna assembly includes a film layer, an adhesive layer, and a radiating element. The film layer includes a first surface facing one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface and an opposite second surface facing the polymer interlayer. The radiating element includes a conductive wire disposed on one of the first surface and the second surface of the film layer and configured to be energized and transmit and / or receive 5G radio frequency signals. An adhesive layer is disposed between the first surface of the film layer and one of the P2 and P3 surfaces, bonding the film layer to one of the P2 and P3 surfaces. The laminated glazing assembly defines a total surface area, and the antenna assembly is disposed on only a portion of less than the total surface area of ​​the laminated glazing assembly, wherein the portion of the laminated glazing assembly in which the antenna assembly is disposed has a transmittance of 70% or greater and exhibits impact and penetration resistance in accordance with and measured as per SAE J3097 / ANSI Z26.1.

[0008] In yet another general aspect of the present disclosure, a laminated glazing assembly is provided. The laminated glazing assembly includes an outer glass substrate having an outer surface (P1 surface) and an opposing inner surface (P2 surface); an opaque band disposed on one of the P2 surface and the P4 surface and extending at least partially around a periphery of the laminated glazing assembly; an inner glass substrate having an inner surface (P3 surface) and an opposing outer surface (P4 surface); and a polymer interlayer disposed between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate. The laminated glazing assembly further includes an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface. The antenna assembly further includes a film layer including a first surface facing the P3 surface and an opposing second surface facing the polymer interlayer. The antenna assembly further includes a plurality of conductive wires disposed on one of the first surface and the second surface of the film layer and arranged to form a mesh having an aperture ratio of 90% or more. The antenna assembly further includes a coupling portion electrically coupled to the mesh, disposed on the same surface as the conductive wire and the film layer, and disposed at a periphery of the laminated glazing assembly. In addition, the laminated glazing assembly further includes a feed element, the feed element coupled to the P4 surface and aligned with the coupling portion such that the opaque band hides the feed element when the laminated glazing assembly is viewed from the P1 surface, the feed element capacitively coupled to the coupling portion of the antenna assembly, and energizing the antenna assembly for transmitting and / or receiving 5G radio frequency signals. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] The advantages of the present disclosure will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0010] [Figure 1A] 1 is a partial front view of a vehicle including a laminated glazing assembly with an example antenna assembly. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the antenna assembly of FIG. 1A. [Figure 2A] 2A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an example of a laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line 2A-2A, the laminated glazing assembly including an outer glass substrate, an inner glass substrate, a polymer interlayer disposed between the outer glass substrate and the inner glass substrate, and an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and the outer glass substrate. [Figure 2B] A detailed view of Figure 2A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire disposed on the second surface of the film layer. [Figure 3A] 3A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another example of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line 3A-3A, including an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and the outer glass substrate. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B is a detailed view of FIG. 3A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire disposed on a first surface of the film layer. [Figure 4A] 4A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another example of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line 4A-4A, including an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and the inner glass substrate. [Figure 4B] A detailed view of Figure 4A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire disposed on the second surface of the film layer. [Figure 5A] 5A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an additional example of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line 5A-5A, the laminated glazing assembly including an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and the inner glass substrate. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a detailed view of FIG. 5A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire disposed on a first surface of the film layer. [Figure 6A] 6A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another example of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line 6A-6A, including an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and the inner glass substrate. [Figure 6B]A detailed view of Figure 6A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly having a conductive wire disposed on the second surface of the film layer and an adhesive layer disposed between the film layer and the inner glass substrate. [Figure 7A] 7A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another example of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line 7A-7A, including an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and the inner glass substrate. [Figure 7B] A detailed view of Figure 7A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly having a conductive wire disposed on a first surface of the film layer and an adhesive layer disposed between the film layer and the inner glass substrate. [Figure 8A] 8A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another example of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line 8A-8A, including an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and the inner glass substrate. [Figure 8B] A detailed view of Figure 8A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire disposed on the second surface of the film layer and an insulating layer disposed between the polymer interlayer and the film layer. [Figure 9A] 9A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another example of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line 9A-9A, including an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and the inner glass substrate. [Figure 9B] A detailed view of Figure 9A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire disposed on the second surface of the film layer, an adhesive layer disposed between the film layer and the inner glass substrate, and an insulating layer disposed between the polymer interlayer and the film layer. [Figure 10A] 1A taken along line 10A-10A, with an antenna assembly disposed between a polymer interlayer and an inner glass substrate, and a feeding element coupled to the inner glass substrate for energizing the antenna assembly; [Figure 10B]FIG. 10B is a detailed view of FIG. 10A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire disposed on the second surface of the film layer. [Figure 11A] FIG. 1 is a partial front view of a vehicle including a laminated glazing assembly with another example of an antenna assembly including a coupling portion. [Figure 11B] FIG. 11B is an enlarged view of the antenna assembly of FIG. [Figure 12A] 12A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 11A taken along line 12A-12A, with an antenna assembly including a coupling portion disposed between a polymer interlayer and an inner glass substrate. [Figure 12B] A detailed view of Figure 12A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire and a bonding portion disposed on the second surface of the film layer. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a partial front view of a vehicle including a laminated glazing assembly with an opaque strip and an antenna assembly. [Figure 14A] FIG. 14A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 13 taken along line 14A-14A, showing an opaque band disposed on the outer glass substrate and an antenna assembly disposed between the inner glass substrate and the polymer interlayer. [Figure 14B] A detailed view of Figure 14A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire and a bonding portion disposed on the second surface of the film layer. [Figure 15A] FIG. 15A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 13 taken along line 15A-15A, showing an opaque band disposed on the outer glass substrate and an antenna assembly disposed between the outer glass substrate and the polymer interlayer. [Figure 15B] A detailed view of Figure 15A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire and a bonding portion disposed on the second surface of the film layer. [Figure 16A]FIG. 16A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glazing assembly of FIG. 13 taken along line 16A-16A, showing an opaque band disposed on the inner glass substrate and an antenna assembly disposed between the outer glass substrate and the polymer interlayer. [Figure 16B] A detailed view of Figure 16A showing an enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glazing assembly including a conductive wire disposed on the second surface of the film layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to identify like or identical components in the various views, FIG. 1 illustrates a laminated glazing assembly 20. The laminated glazing assembly 20 may be used in an automotive context as a window for a vehicle 18, such as a windshield, side window, quarter window, rear window, etc. Of course, it will be understood that the laminated glazing assembly 20 may be used outside of an automotive context.

[0012] The laminated glazing assembly 20 includes an outer glass substrate 22 and an inner glass substrate 24. FIG. 2A shows an example of a cross-sectional schematic view of the laminated glazing assembly 20 of FIG. 1 taken along line 2A-2A. The outer glass substrate 22 includes an outer surface (P1 surface) and an opposing inner surface (P2 surface). Similarly, the inner glass substrate 24 includes an inner surface (P3 surface) and an opposing outer surface (P4 surface). In one example, the P4 surface may be positioned to face the interior of the vehicle 18 when installed in the vehicle 18, and the P1 surface may be positioned to face the exterior of the vehicle 18 when installed in the vehicle 18. The laminated glazing assembly 20 further includes a polymer interlayer 26 disposed between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22 and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24, and an antenna assembly 28 disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24.

[0013] Both the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may be manufactured using any suitable glass manufacturing process, including, but not limited to, the float process. The outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may have any suitable glass composition, including, but not limited to, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, and the like. It is understood that the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may have the same or different glass compositions.

[0014] The outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may be bent using any suitable glass bending process, including, but not limited to, press bending, gravity bending (i.e., sag bending), roll forming, or cold bending. The outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may be bent into any geometric shape suitable for the desired application. It is understood that the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may be bent together (i.e., while disposed adjacent to one another) or may be bent separately.

[0015] In some examples, the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 are transparent. In this context, the term "transparent", also referred to as "substantially transparent", refers to a material that allows 70% or more of the transmission of light in a predefined visible light range to pass therethrough. Unless otherwise specified, the predefined visible light region is the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can see. More simply, this range of wavelengths is referred to as visible light. Typically, the human eye can detect wavelengths from about 380 nm to about 780 nm, and therefore the predefined visible light range defined herein refers to wavelengths of light from about 380 nm to about 780 nm, unless otherwise specified. In some examples, the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may include various additives that change the transmittance of the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24. For example, the additives may impart various levels of tint or coloration to the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 while still maintaining the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 as "transparent" or "substantially transparent" as described above.

[0016] In other instances, one or both of the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 are not transparent as discussed above. For example, when the laminated glazing assembly 20 is privacy glass, the transparency of the laminated glazing assembly 20 is substantially reduced. Thus, the laminated glazing assembly 20 allows for a light transmission of less than 70% in a given wavelength range, for example, a light transmission of from greater than 0 to 70%.

[0017] The outer glass substrate 22 has a thickness T1, and the inner glass substrate 24 has a thickness T2. The respective thicknesses T1 and T2 of the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may be any thickness suitable for the application. For example, the respective thicknesses T1 and T2 of the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may be from about 0.3 mm to about 4.1 mm. More specifically, the thicknesses T1 and T2 may be, respectively, about 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.7 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, or 4.1 mm. It is understood that the thickness T1 and the thickness T2 may be the same or different. In one example, the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 have the same thickness (i.e., T1 is equal to T2), and the laminated glazing assembly 20 is considered a "symmetric" laminate. However, in another example, the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 have different thicknesses (i.e., T1 is not equal to T2), and the laminated glazing assembly 20 is considered an "asymmetric" laminate. All combinations of the above exemplary values of T1 and T2, and all fractional values therebetween, are contemplated.

[0018] The polymer interlayer 26 bonds the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 such that the polymer interlayer 26 holds the outer glass substrate 22 and / or the inner glass substrate 24 in the event of an impact or breakage of the laminated glazing assembly 20. The polymer interlayer 26 includes polymers or thermoplastics such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and the like. Other suitable materials for implementing the polymer interlayer 26 may be utilized that provide the required performance characteristics of optical haze, adhesion to glass, and structural rigidity. Similar to the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24, the polymer interlayer 26 is also substantially transparent or otherwise transparent (fully transparent) to light. Thus, the laminated glazing assembly 20 comprising the polymer interlayer 26 between the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 is also substantially transparent or otherwise transparent to light. It is to be understood that the polymer interlayer 26 may have a lower transparency prior to being subjected to a lamination process in which the polymer interlayer 26 is adhered to each layer adjacent to the polymer interlayer 26 to form the laminated glazing assembly 20.

[0019] 2A-5B, the antenna assembly 28 is generally disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and one of the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22 and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24. In other words, the antenna assembly 28 may be disposed only between the P2 surface and the polymer interlayer 26 or only between the P3 surface and the polymer interlayer 26. Alternatively, the antenna assembly 28 may include two film layers 30 each supporting a radiating element 32. One film layer 30 is disposed between the P2 surface and the polymer interlayer 26, and the other film layer 30 is disposed between the P3 surface and the polymer interlayer 26. FIGS. 2A-3B show the antenna assembly 28 disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22. FIGS. 4A-5B show the antenna assembly 28 disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24. Thus, in any of the above-described arrangements, the polymer interlayer 26 may at least partially encapsulate the antenna assembly 28 and may hold the antenna assembly 28 within the laminated glazing assembly 20 (i.e., between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22 and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24).

[0020] The antenna assembly 28 includes a film layer 30 that supports a radiating element 32 (described below). The film layer 30 includes a first surface 30A and an opposite second surface 30B. With reference to Figures 2A-3B, in an example where the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22, the first surface 30A faces the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22 and the second surface 30B faces the polymer interlayer 26 such that the film layer 30 is disposed between the outer glass substrate 22 and the polymer interlayer 26. With reference to Figures 4A-5B, in an example where the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24, the first surface 30A faces the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24 and the second surface 30B faces the polymer interlayer 26 such that the film layer 30 is disposed between the inner glass substrate 24 and the polymer interlayer 26. The film layer has a film thickness FT. Although not required, the film thickness FT may be 100 μm or less, 90 μm or less, 80 μm or less, 70 μm or less, 60 μm or less, 50 μm or less, 40 μm or less, 30 μm or less, or 20 μm or less (or 10 μm or less).

[0021] 2A-5B, in some embodiments, the film layer 30 is transparent and is referred to as a transparent film layer 30. The transparent film layer 30 may have a transmittance of 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more. One suitable technique for measuring transmittance is that specified in ASTM D1003 (2021), which is entitled "Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics" and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. ASTM D1003 generally specifies that transmittance can be measured using a haze meter or spectrophotometer to observe the behavior of light as it passes through a test specimen. Additionally, the transparent film layer 30 may have a haze of 1% or less, 0.5% or less, 0.25% or less, or 0.1% or less. Additionally, one suitable technique for measuring haze is specified in ASTM D1003. ASTM D1003 further specifies that haze can be measured generally using a haze meter or spectrophotometer to observe the behavior of light as it passes through a test specimen.

[0022] Additionally, it is desirable to select a material that has a refractive index similar to that of glass so that when the transparent film is placed in the laminated glazing assembly, the edges of the transparent film are relatively imperceptible to the human eye when viewed through the laminated glazing assembly 20. Thus, in one embodiment, the transparent film layer 30 has a refractive index of 1.45 to 1.55. As a result, the refractive index of the transparent film layer 30 is relatively close to the refractive index of the outer glass substrate 22, the inner glass substrate 24, and the polymer interlayer 26. For example, the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may have a refractive index that matches the known refractive index of soda-lime glass (approximately 1.5). The polymer interlayer 26 may have a refractive index that matches the known refractive index of polyvinyl butyral (approximately 1.5), for example. Thus, the refractive index of the transparent film layer 30, between 1.45 and 1.55, closely "matches" the refractive index of the outer glass substrate 22, the inner glass substrate 24, and the polymer interlayer 26. As a non-limiting example, the transparent film layer 30 may have a refractive index within 0.05 (i.e., ±0.05), 0.03 (i.e., ±0.03), or 0.01 (i.e., ±0.01) of (plus / minus) the outer glass substrate 22, the inner glass substrate 24, and / or the polymer interlayer 26. One suitable technique for measuring the refractive index is that specified in ASTM D542 (2022), which is entitled "Standard Test Method for Index of Refraction of Transparent Organic Plastics" and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. ASTM D542 generally specifies that the refractive index can be measured using a refractometer to observe the behavior of light as it passes through a test specimen.

[0023] In other embodiments, the outer glass substrate 22 and the inner glass substrate 24 may have a refractive index lower than about 1.5. For example, boron silicate glass is known to have a refractive index of about 1.47. Other glass compositions may have even lower refractive indices. Similarly, the polymer interlayer 26 may have a refractive index lower than about 1.5. It is further understood that in these examples, the transparent film layer 30 may have a refractive index that matches the refractive index of the outer glass substrate 22, the inner glass substrate 24, and / or the polymer interlayer 26 to within 0.05 (i.e., ±0.05), within 0.03 (i.e., ±0.03), or within 0.01 (i.e., ±0.01) of the outer glass substrate 22, the inner glass substrate 24, and / or the polymer interlayer 26 (plus / minus).

[0024] As a result of matching the refractive index of the transparent film layer 30 to the refractive index of the outer glass substrate 22, the inner glass substrate 24, and the polymer interlayer 26, the edges of the transparent film layer 30 are relatively imperceptible to the human eye when viewed through the laminated glazing assembly 20. Thus, due to the above properties, the transparent film layer 30 is substantially imperceptible to the human eye when viewed through the laminated glazing assembly 20. The transparent film layer 30 may comprise any suitable material having the above properties, including, but not limited to, cellulose triacetate (TAC) and cyclic olefin polymer (COP).

[0025] In other embodiments, the film layer 30 is a carrier film 30 that supports the radiating elements 32. In these embodiments, the carrier film 30 does not necessarily have the refractive index, transmittance, and haze values ​​described above in the context of the transparent film layer 30. However, it is understood that, depending on the application, the carrier film 30 may have some degree of transparency and one or more of the properties described above in the context of the transparent film layer 30. Any suitable material for the carrier film is contemplated.

[0026] The radiating element 32 includes a conductive wire 34 disposed on one of the first surface 30A and the second surface 30B of the film layer 30. For example, FIGS. 3B and 5B show the conductive wire 34 disposed on the first surface 30A, and FIGS. 2B and 4B show the conductive wire 34 disposed on the second surface 30B. Preferably, the conductive wire 34 is disposed on only one of the first surface 30A or the second surface 30B. However, it is understood that the conductive wire 34 may be disposed on both the first surface 30A and the second surface 30B. The conductive wire 34 has a wire thickness WT. Although not required, in many embodiments, the wire thickness WT is 20 μm or less. For example, the conductive wire 34 may have a circular cross-section that defines the wire thickness WT and may have a diameter of 20 μm or less. In another example, the conductive wire 34 may have a rectangular cross-section that defines the wire thickness WT and may have a height and / or width of 20 μm or less. Thus, due to the relatively small thickness (thickness) of the conductive wire 34 compared to conventional conductive wires used in conventional antenna assemblies, the radiating element 32 can be substantially imperceptible to the human eye when viewed through the laminated glazing assembly 20. Thus, in certain embodiments, the antenna assembly 28 can be substantially transparent as a whole because both the transparent film layer 30 and the radiating element 32 are substantially transparent. For example, the laminated glazing assembly 20 may define a total surface area, and the antenna assembly 28 may be disposed on only a portion P of the laminated glazing assembly 20 that is less than the total surface area. The portion P of the laminated glazing assembly 20 may have a transmittance of 70% or greater. One suitable technique for measuring the transmittance of the laminated glazing assembly 20 is that defined in ISO 13837 (2021), which is entitled "Road vehicles-Safety glazing materials-Method for the determination of solar transmittance" and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.In general terms, ISO 13837 specifies that the transmittance of a laminated glazing assembly can be measured using a spectrophotometer to observe the behavior of light as it passes through the laminated glazing assembly.

[0027] The antenna assembly 28 has an antenna thickness AT1. The antenna thickness AT1 is defined as the cumulative thickness of the film layer 30, FT, and the wire thickness WT of the conductive wire 34 that defines the radiating element 32. In some embodiments, the antenna thickness AT1 is 100 μm or less. For example, the antenna thickness AT1 may be 100 μm or less, 90 μm or less, 80 μm or less, 70 μm or less, 60 μm or less, 50 μm or less, 25 μm or less, or 10 μm or less. Advantageously, the small antenna thickness AT1 relative to the polymer interlayer 26 allows the antenna assembly 28 to be included in the laminated glazing assembly 20 without the need to cut a gap in the polymer interlayer 26 to receive the antenna assembly 28. In other words, the polymer interlayer 26 is flexible and compressible enough to flex and accommodate the antenna assembly 28 in the laminated glazing assembly 20. This avoids the need to cut a gap in the polymer interlayer 26 to accommodate the antenna assembly 28 .

[0028] The radiating element 32 is configured to be energized to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. In other words, the conductive wire 34 defines the radiating element 32 having any suitable configuration for transmitting and / or receiving radio frequency signals, including, but not limited to, a monopole antenna, a dipole antenna, a patch antenna, a slot antenna, a Vivaldi antenna, a conical antenna, a bulbous antenna, a horn antenna, and the like. Furthermore, the radiating element 32 may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals within any of a number of standard frequencies, including, but not limited to, amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), digital audio broadcast (DAB), remote keyless entry (RKE), digital television (DTV), global positioning system (GPS), 2G cellular, 3G cellular, and 4G cellular. The radiating element 32 may also be configured to transmit and / or receive low-band and mid-band 5G radio frequency signals having frequencies from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and millimeter-wave 5G radio frequency signals having frequencies from 24 GHz to 100 GHz.

[0029] Referring again to FIG. 1B , the conductive wires 34 may be arranged to form a mesh 36. For example, the mesh 36 may be defined by a lattice of conductive wires 34. The conductive wires 34 are spaced apart from one another and cross to define the mesh 36. In the mesh 36, the conductive wires 34 are arranged at an angle α relative to one another. The angle α may be approximately 90 degrees such that the conductive wires 34 are perpendicular to one another, or the angle α may be an oblique angle. Additionally, the conductive wires 34 may be spaced apart from one another by a pitch width PW. Other patterns for defining the mesh 36 are contemplated, including, but not limited to, a honeycomb pattern. The mesh 36 also defines openings 38 between each of the conductive wires 34. The opening ratio of the mesh 36 (i.e., the area ratio of the openings 38 to the conductive wires 34) may be 90% or more. The conductive wires 34 may be arranged in any suitable manner to define the mesh 36 having a suitable thickness and an opening ratio of 90% or more. For example, the wire thickness WT of the wires may be 20 μm or less, 15 μm or less, 10 μm or less, 8 μm or less, 6 μm or less, 4 μm or less, or 2 μm or less. Furthermore, the pitch width PW of the mesh 36 may be 800 μm or less, 700 μm or less, 600 μm or less, 500 μm or less, 400 μm or less, 300 μm or less, 200 μm or less, or 100 μm or less. All combinations of the above exemplary values ​​of the wire thickness WT and pitch width PW, and all fractional values ​​therebetween, are contemplated. Finally, the mesh 36 may be designed such that the radiating element 32 has radiation characteristics equivalent to a solid metal foil having a similar geometry. Furthermore, due to the high open area ratio of the mesh 36, the mesh 36 can be substantially imperceptible to the human eye when viewed through the laminated glazing assembly 20. Thus, in some embodiments, both the transparent film layer 30 and the radiating element 32, including the mesh 36, are substantially transparent, such that the antenna assembly 28 as a whole is substantially transparent when viewed through the laminated glazing assembly 20.

[0030] 6A-10B show a number of examples of laminated glazing assemblies 20 in which the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24. It is understood that in examples in which the antenna assembly 28 is instead disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22, the configurations shown in Figures 6A-10B have substantially the same structure, but are instead disposed relative to the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24.

[0031] In some embodiments, the laminated glazing assembly 20 includes an adhesive layer 40. The adhesive layer 40 may be disposed between the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 and one of the P2 and P3 surfaces to bond the transparent film layer 30 to one of the P2 and P3 surfaces. In other words, as shown in Figures 6A-7B, in an example in which the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P3 surface, the adhesive layer 40 is disposed between the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 and the P3 surface to bond the film layer 30 to the P3 surface. Similarly, although not shown, in an example in which the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22, the adhesive layer 40 is disposed between the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 and the P2 surface to bond the film layer 30 to the P2 surface. The adhesive layer 40 may have a transmittance of 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more (e.g., as measured according to ASTM D1003). Adhesive layer 40 has an adhesive thickness AT2. Although not required, adhesive thickness AT2 may be 50 μm or less, 45 μm or less, 40 μm or less, 35 μm or less, 30 μm or less, 25 μm or less, 20 μm or less, 15 μm or less, 10 μm or less, or 5 μm or less. Adhesive layer 40 may be composed of any suitable material, including, but not limited to, acrylic, silicone, and urethane.

[0032] As best shown in Figure 6B, in an example where the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P3 surface and the conductive wire 34 is disposed on the second surface 30B of the film layer 30, the adhesive layer 40 bonds the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 to the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24, and the polymer interlayer 26 at least partially encapsulates the conductive wire 34. With reference to Figure 7B, in an example where the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P3 surface and the conductive wire 34 is disposed on the first surface 30A of the film layer 30, the adhesive layer 40 bonds the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 to the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24, and at least partially encapsulates the conductive wire 34 between the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24. Similarly, although not shown, in an example where the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P2 surface and the conductive wire 34 is disposed on the second surface 30B of the film layer 30, the adhesive layer 40 bonds the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 to the P2 surface and the polymer interlayer 26 at least partially encapsulates the conductive wire 34. Furthermore, although also not shown, in an example where the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the polymer interlayer 26 and the P2 surface and the conductive wire 34 is disposed on the first surface 30A of the film layer 30, the adhesive layer 40 bonds the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 to the P2 surface and at least partially encapsulates the conductive wire 34 between the first surface 30A of the film layer 30 and the P2 surface.

[0033] Advantageously, the assembly process of the laminated glazing assembly 20 can be facilitated by disposing an adhesive layer 40 between the film layer 30 and one of the P2 and P3 surfaces. For example, the film layer 30 may be bonded to one of the P2 and P3 surfaces via the adhesive layer 40 before the polymer interlayer 26 is disposed between the outer and inner glass substrates 22 and 24 and then laminated. Thus, the adhesive layer 40 maintains the film layer 30 in place during the lamination process.

[0034] Further advantageously, the placement of the adhesive layer 40 between the film layer 30 and one of the P2 and P3 surfaces improves adhesion between the film layer 30 and one of the P2 and P3 surfaces. Thus, in configurations including the adhesive layer 40, the adhesive layer 40 and the polymer interlayer 26 cooperate to retain the outer glass substrate 22 and / or the inner glass substrate 24 upon impact or breakage of the laminated glazing assembly 20. This is particularly important for the portion P of the laminated glazing assembly 20 that includes the antenna assembly 28. As discussed above, conventional placements of film layers in conventional laminated glazing assemblies have problems having sufficient retention of glass in areas of conventional laminated glazing assemblies that include the film layer. However, the addition of the adhesive layer 40 to the laminated glazing assembly 20 between one of the P2 and P3 surfaces and the antenna assembly 28 provides sufficient retention to the outer glass substrate 22 and / or the inner glass substrate 24 upon impact or breakage. This provides that portion P of the laminated glazing assembly 20, including the antenna assembly 28, exhibits both impact and penetration resistance as per and measured in accordance with SAE J3097 / ANSI Z26.1.

[0035] SAE J3097 / ANSI Z26.1(2019) is entitled "Standard for Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating on Land Highways" and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Generally, SAE J3097 / ANSI Z26.1 specifies a test procedure in which steel balls of various weights are dropped from various heights onto representative coupons of a laminated glazing assembly to determine the impact and penetration resistance of the laminated glazing assembly. For example, to test impact resistance, a smooth steel ball of approximately 0.5 pounds may be dropped from a height of 10 meters onto a coupon representing portion P of laminated glazing assembly 20 in which antenna assembly 28 is located. To test penetration resistance, a smooth steel ball of approximately 5 pounds may be dropped from a height of 4 meters onto a coupon representing portion P of laminated glazing assembly 20 in which antenna assembly 28 is located. Additionally, SAE J3097 / ANSI Z26.1 defines acceptable test results that indicate whether a laminated glazing assembly has sufficient impact and penetration resistance to meet the standard. Finally, compliance with SAE J3097 / ANSI Z26.1 is required for compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 205, entitled "Glazing Materials," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Thus, in embodiments in which adhesive layer 40 is included in laminated glazing assembly 20, portion P of laminated glazing assembly 20 in which antenna assembly 28 is disposed exhibits sufficient impact resistance properties (e.g., an object such as a stone striking surface P1 of laminated glazing assembly 20) and penetration resistance properties (e.g., an object such as a passenger's head striking surface P4 of laminated glazing assembly 20) to meet automotive industry standards.

[0036] 8A and 8B, in some embodiments, the laminated glazing assembly 20 includes an insulating layer 42. In particular, when the conductive wire 34 is disposed on the second surface 30B of the film layer 30, the insulating layer 42 is disposed between the film layer 30 and the polymer interlayer 26. Thus, the insulating layer 42 may at least partially encapsulate the conductive wire 34 between the second surface 30B of the film layer 30 and the polymer interlayer 26. The insulating layer 42 provides advantages in the assembly process of the laminated glazing assembly 20. In particular, when the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between one of the P2 and P3 surfaces and the polymer interlayer 26 and then laminated (with the outer glass substrate 22) to form the laminated glazing assembly 20, the insulating layer 42 may be deposited over the film layer 30 and the conductive wire 34 to prevent the conductive wire 34 from being touched (by a human or a machine). Although not required, the insulating layer 42 may have a transmittance of 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more (e.g., as measured according to ASTM D1003). The insulating layer 42 has an insulating thickness IT. Although not required, the insulating thickness IT may be 20 μm or less, 15 μm or less, 10 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 1 μm or less, or 0.5 μm or less. Preferably, the insulating thickness IT is greater than the wire thickness WT of the conductive wire 34. For example, if the conductive wire 34 has a wire thickness WT of 5 μm, the insulating layer 42 preferably has an insulating thickness IT of 7 μm or more. This ensures that even if the insulating layer 42 at least partially encapsulates the conductive wire 34, the insulating layer 42 extends beyond the conductive wire 34 to insulate the conductive wire 34 from the polymer interlayer 26. The insulating layer 42 may comprise any suitable material, such as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), but is not limited to:

[0037] In some embodiments, the laminated glazing assembly 20 includes both an adhesive layer 40 and an insulating layer 42. Referring to Figures 9A and 9B, in an example where the film layer 30 is disposed between the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate 24 and the polymer interlayer 26, and the conductive wires 34 are disposed on the second surface 30B, the insulating layer 42 is disposed between the film layer 30 and the polymer interlayer 26, and the adhesive layer 40 is disposed between the first surface 30A and the P3 surface to bond the film layer 30 to the P3 surface. Similarly, although not shown, in an example where the film layer 30 is disposed between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate 22 and the polymer interlayer 26, and the conductive wires 34 are disposed on the second surface 30B, the insulating layer 42 is disposed between the film layer 30 and the polymer interlayer 26, and the adhesive layer 40 is disposed between the first surface 30A and the P2 surface to bond the film layer 30 to the P2 surface. Notably, even with the inclusion of adhesive layers 40 and / or insulating layers 42 disposed on either side of antenna assembly 28, portion P of laminated glazing assembly 20 including antenna assembly 28 can have a transmittance of 70% or greater. Importantly, because portion P of laminated glazing assembly 20 including antenna assembly 28 can have a transmittance of 70% or greater, antenna assembly 28 may be positioned within the field of view of the driver of vehicle 18 while still complying with the visibility requirements of FMVSS 205.

[0038] 10A and 10B, in some embodiments, the laminated glazing assembly 20 includes a feed element 44 coupled to the P4 surface of the inner glass substrate 24. The feed element 44 may energize the antenna assembly 28 to capacitively couple to the antenna assembly 28 and transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. For example, the feed element 44 may include a coaxial cable 46 attached to a coupler 48. The coupler 48 may include a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board is in electrical communication with the coaxial cable 46, faces the P4 surface of the inner glass substrate 24, and may energize the antenna assembly 28 to capacitively couple the coaxial cable 46 to the antenna assembly 28 and transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. A feed adhesive layer 49 may be provided between the coupler 48 and the P4 surface of the inner glass substrate 24 to bond the feed element 44 to the P4 surface of the inner glass substrate 24 to secure the coupler 48 to the P4 surface. Of course, other suitable structures for constructing the feeding element 44 configured to capacitively couple to the antenna assembly 28 and energize the antenna assembly 28 to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals are envisioned. Although Figures 10A and 10B show the conductive wires 34 of the antenna assembly 28 disposed on the second surface 30B of the film layer 30, it is understood that the conductive wires 34 may alternatively be disposed on the first surface 30A of the film layer 30. Similarly, although Figures 10A and 10B show the antenna assembly 28 disposed between the P3 surface and the polymer interlayer, it is understood that in examples where the antenna assembly is disposed between the P2 surface and the polymer interlayer 26, the feeding element 44 may be configured to energize the antenna assembly 28 to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. Additionally, although not shown in Figures 10A and 10B, the laminated glazing assembly 20 may include an adhesive layer 40 and / or an insulating layer 42, as described in the context of Figures 6A-9B above.

[0039] 11A-12B, in some examples, the antenna assembly 28 further includes a coupling portion 50, which is disposed on the same surface of the film layer 30 as the conductive wire 34 and is electrically coupled to the conductive wire 34. Here, the feeding element 44 may be coupled to the P4 surface of the inner glass substrate 24 (as described above) and aligned and capacitively coupled to the coupling portion 50 of the antenna assembly 28 for the purpose of energizing the antenna assembly 28 to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. Thus, the feeding element 44 is not hardwired or in direct contact with the antenna assembly 28, and is generally positioned non-coplanar with the antenna assembly 28. The feeding element 44 may induce a current in the antenna assembly 28 through the inner glass substrate 24 and / or the polymer interlayer 26.

[0040] The coupling portion 50 may include a conductive structure that is denser than the radiating element 32 of the antenna assembly 28. For example, the coupling portion 50 may include conductive foil 51 or conductive feed wires arranged to form a feed mesh. The feed mesh may have a lower aperture ratio than the mesh 36. In other examples, however, the feed mesh has the same properties (e.g., wire thickness WT, pitch width PW, aperture ratio) as the mesh 36. In any case, the coupling portion 50 provides a conductive structure between the radiating element 32 and the feed element 44 to facilitate capacitive coupling of the feed element 44 to the antenna assembly 28 and energize the antenna assembly 28 to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. Notably, adding the coupling portion 50 to the antenna assembly 28 to improve the capacitive coupling between the feed element 44 and the antenna assembly 28 results in improved performance of the antenna assembly 28 at higher frequencies (e.g., 5G cellular).

[0041] The coupling portion 50 and / or the power element 44 may be perceptible to the human eye (i.e., less transparent) when viewed through the laminated glazing assembly 20. Accordingly, with reference to FIGS. 13-16B, it is envisioned that the laminated glazing assembly 20 may include an opaque band 52. The opaque band 52 is disposed on one of the P2 and P4 surfaces and extends at least partially around the periphery 54 of the laminated glazing assembly 20. Of course, it is understood that the opaque band 52 may extend around the entire periphery 54 of the laminated glazing assembly 20. The opaque band 52 may include any suitable material and may be applied (applied) using any suitable process. For example, the opaque band 52 may be formed from a ceramic frit that is fired onto one of the P2 and P4 surfaces of the outer and inner glass substrates 22 and 24, or may be formed from an ink that is printed onto one of the P2 and P4 surfaces of the outer and inner glass substrates 22 and 24. Other configurations of the opaque band 52 are contemplated. The opaque band 52 serves several additional functions. The opaque band 52 blocks the transmission of light through the area of ​​the laminated glazing assembly 20 that extends around the periphery 54. In doing so, the opaque band 52 prevents ultraviolet light from degrading the underlying adhesive that bonds the laminated glazing assembly 20 to the vehicle 18. As another example, the opaque band 52 may extend further down from the top of the laminated glazing assembly 20 to act as a sunshade to shade the driver's eyes from the sun. The opaque band 52 may also block the underlying adhesive from being visible to an outside observer, improving the aesthetic appearance. Additionally, the opaque band 52 may define an aesthetically pleasing decorative pattern, such as a dot pattern, a manufacturer's logo, or government required information (such as information required by FMVSS 205).

[0042] In the example shown in Figures 14A-15B, the opaque band 52 is disposed on the P2 surface and the coupling portion 50 of the antenna assembly 28 is disposed on the periphery 54 of the laminated glazing assembly 20, such that the opaque band 52 obscures the coupling portion 50 and the feed element 44 when the laminated glazing assembly 20 is viewed from the P1 surface. In the example shown in Figures 14A and 14B, the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the P3 surface and the polymer interlayer 26, such that the opaque band 52 obscures the coupling portion 50 and the feed element 44 when the laminated glazing assembly 20 is viewed from the P1 surface. Similarly, in the example shown in Figures 15A and 15B, the antenna assembly 28 is disposed between the P2 surface (including the opaque band 52) and the polymer interlayer 26, such that the opaque band 52 obscures the coupling portion 50 and the feed element 44 when the laminated glazing assembly 20 is viewed from the P1 surface. In the example shown in Figures 16A and 16B, the antenna assembly 28 is positioned between the P2 surface and the polymer interlayer 26, and the opaque band 52 is positioned on the P4 surface, such that the opaque band 52 hides the feed element 44 when the laminated glazing assembly 20 is viewed from the P1 surface.

[0043] 11A-16B show the conductive wire 34 and coupling portion 50 of the antenna assembly 28 disposed on the second surface 30B of the film layer 30, it is understood that the conductive wire 34 and coupling portion 50 may alternatively be disposed on the first surface 30A of the film layer 30. Additionally, although not shown in FIGURES 11A-16B, the laminated glazing assembly 20 may include an adhesive layer 40 and / or an insulating layer 42, as described in the context of FIGURES 6A-9B above.

[0044] The foregoing description describes several embodiments. However, the embodiments described herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the particular forms. The terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than words of limitation. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings, and the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

[0045] Various additional modifications and alterations may be made to the above-described embodiments beyond those already mentioned herein. This disclosure is presented for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as an exhaustive description of all embodiments. Nor should the claims be construed as limited to the specific elements shown or described in connection with these embodiments. For example, but not limited to, any individual element of the described embodiments may be replaced by an alternative element that provides substantially similar functionality or provides suitable operation. This includes, for example, alternative elements currently known to those of skill in the art and alternative elements that may be developed in the future, for example, alternative elements that may be recognized by those of skill in the art at the time of development. For example, reference to a claim element in the singular form using the articles "a", "an", "the" or "said" is not to be construed as limiting the element to the singular form. Additionally, it is to be understood that the terms "comprise", "including" and "comprising" have the same meaning as the terms "comprise", "comprises" and "comprises".

Claims

1. an outer glass substrate having an outer surface (P1 surface) and an opposing inner surface (P2 surface); an inner glass substrate having an inner surface (P3 surface) and an opposing outer surface (P4 surface); an opaque band disposed on one of the P2 and P4 surfaces and extending around a periphery of the laminated glazing assembly; a polymer interlayer disposed between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate; an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface, the antenna assembly having an antenna thickness of 100 μm or less; The antenna assembly includes: a transparent film layer including a first surface facing one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface and an opposing second surface facing the polymer interlayer, the transparent film layer having a refractive index of 1.45 to 1.55; a radiating element including a conductive wire disposed on one of the first surface and the second surface of the transparent film layer and configured to be energized and to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals; a bonding portion electrically coupled to the conductive wire and disposed on the same surface as the conductive wire and the film layer; a powered element coupled to the P4 surface of the inner glass substrate, aligned with and capacitively coupled to the coupling portion of the antenna assembly, for energizing the antenna assembly to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals; the coupling portion of the antenna assembly is disposed at the periphery of the laminated glazing assembly, whereby when the laminated glazing assembly is viewed from the P1 surface, the opaque band hides the feed element; Laminated glazing assembly.

2. The transparent film layer has a transmittance of 85% or more, The following: the transparent film layer having a haze of less than 1%; the transparent film layer is selected from one of cellulose triacetate and cyclic olefin polymer; The laminated glazing assembly of claim 1 , comprising one or more of:

3. The present invention further includes an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer having a transmittance of 85% or more, the adhesive layer being disposed between the first surface of the transparent film layer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface, and bonding the transparent film layer to one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface; The following: the conductive wire is disposed on the first surface of the transparent film layer, whereby the adhesive layer at least partially encapsulates the conductive wire between the first surface of the transparent film layer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface; a laminated glazing assembly defining a total surface area, said antenna assembly being disposed on only a portion of said laminated glazing assembly that is less than said total surface area; The laminated glazing assembly portion exhibits both impact resistance and penetration resistance as measured in accordance with SAE J3097 / ANSI Z26.

1. The laminated glazing assembly of claim 1 , comprising one or more of:

4. the conductive wire is disposed on the second surface of the transparent film layer; 2. The laminated glazing assembly of claim 1, further comprising an insulating layer having a transmittance of 85% or greater and disposed between the transparent film layer and the polymer interlayer, whereby the insulating layer at least partially encapsulates the conductive wires between the second surface of the transparent film layer and the polymer interlayer.

5. The conductive wire has a wire thickness of 20 μm or less, The laminated glazing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the conductive wires are arranged to form a mesh having an open area ratio of 90% or greater.

6. the laminated glazing assembly defines a total surface area, and the antenna assembly is disposed on only a portion of the laminated glazing assembly that is less than the total surface area; The laminated glazing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the laminated glazing assembly has a transmission of 70% or greater.

7. The antenna assembly is configured to transmit and / or receive 5G radio frequency signals having a frequency from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz; and / or The laminated glazing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the antenna assembly is configured to transmit and / or receive 5G radio frequency signals having a frequency from 24 GHz to 100 GHz.

8. The laminated glazing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the coupling portion of the antenna assembly comprises a conductive foil.

9. an outer glass substrate having an outer surface (P1 surface) and an opposing inner surface (P2 surface); an inner glass substrate having an inner surface (P3 surface) and an opposing outer surface (P4 surface); an opaque band disposed on one of the P2 and P4 surfaces and extending around a periphery of the laminated glazing assembly; a polymer interlayer disposed between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate; an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface; The antenna assembly includes: a film layer including a first surface facing one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface and an opposing second surface facing the polymer interlayer; an adhesive layer disposed between the first surface of the film layer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface, bonding the film layer to one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface; a radiating element including a conductive wire disposed on one of the first surface and the second surface of the film layer and configured to be energized and transmit and / or receive 5G radio frequency signals; a bonding portion electrically coupled to the conductive wire and disposed on the same surface as the conductive wire and the film layer; a powered element coupled to the P4 surface of the inner glass substrate, aligned with and capacitively coupled to the coupling portion of the antenna assembly, for energizing the antenna assembly to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals; the coupling portion of the antenna assembly is disposed at the periphery of the laminated glazing assembly, whereby when the laminated glazing assembly is viewed from the P1 surface, the opaque band conceals the feed element; the laminated glazing assembly defines a total surface area, and the antenna assembly is disposed on only a portion of the laminated glazing assembly that is less than the total surface area; the portion of the laminated glazing assembly in which the antenna assembly is disposed has a transmission of 70% or greater and exhibits both impact resistance and penetration resistance as measured in accordance with and in accordance with SAE J3097 / ANSI Z26.1; Laminated glazing assembly.

10. an outer glass substrate having an outer surface (P1 surface) and an opposing inner surface (P2 surface); an inner glass substrate having an inner surface (P3 surface) and an opposing outer surface (P4 surface); an opaque band disposed on one of the P2 and P4 surfaces and extending at least partially around a periphery of the laminated glazing assembly; a polymer interlayer disposed between the P2 surface of the outer glass substrate and the P3 surface of the inner glass substrate; an antenna assembly disposed between the polymer interlayer and one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface; The antenna assembly includes: a film layer including a first surface facing one of the P2 surface and the P3 surface and an opposing second surface facing the polymer interlayer; a plurality of conductive wires disposed on one of the first surface and the second surface of the film layer and arranged to form a mesh having an opening ratio of 90% or greater; a bonding portion electrically coupled to the mesh, disposed on the same surface as the conductive wire and the film layer, and disposed at the periphery of the laminated glazing assembly; moreover, a feed element coupled to the P4 surface and aligned with the coupling portion such that when the laminated glazing assembly is viewed from the P1 surface, the opaque band conceals the feed element; and a feed element capacitively coupled to the coupling portion of the antenna assembly to energize the antenna assembly for transmitting and / or receiving 5G radio frequency signals. Laminated glazing assembly.

11. The conductive wire and the connecting portion are arranged in a predetermined arrangement direction relative to the peripheral portion of the laminated glazing assembly, 11. A laminated glazing assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the opaque band is configured such that the extent of the opaque band in the predetermined arrangement direction corresponds to and is aligned with the extent of the joining portion in the predetermined arrangement direction.

12. A laminated glazing assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the coupling portion of the antenna assembly includes powered conductive wires arranged to form a powered mesh.

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