Front windshield and method for manufacturing same, vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a front windshield, a manufacturing method thereof and a vehicle, comprising: an outer layer glass having a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely; an inner layer glass having a third surface and a fourth surface arranged oppositely; and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the second surface and the third surface; the front windshield has a first weakened area, the first weakened area is tested according to the adult headform impactor in the standard GB24550, the adult headform impactor impacts the first weakened area to break the first weakened area, and the adult headform impactor impacts the instrument desk after the first weakened area is broken; the adult headform impactor has a first speed V1 when contacting the first surface of the first weakened area, the adult headform impactor has a second speed V2 when the fourth surface of the first weakened area is broken, and V1 and V2 satisfy: V1=11.1+ / -0.2 m / s, and V1-V2=0.3-2.2 m / s. The front windshield, the manufacturing method thereof and the vehicle can effectively reduce the overall injury of a pedestrian and the windshield in a collision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of glass technology, and in particular to a windshield and its manufacturing method, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the booming development of the social economy and the continuous upgrading of the automotive industry, collisions between pedestrians and vehicles due to right-of-way issues have become increasingly serious and their numbers have risen sharply. Pedestrian accidents account for 20% of all traffic accidents, and their fatality rate reaches 30%, with head injuries from impacts with the windshield being the most common. However, traditional windshield safety designs primarily focus on protecting the driver and passengers inside the vehicle, potentially leaving pedestrians with severe head injuries.

[0003] Therefore, windshields need to undergo relevant head tests to ensure that they can break appropriately to protect pedestrians' heads. However, if the windshield breaks too badly, the pedestrian's head will impact the dashboard a second time, causing secondary injuries. These secondary injuries are often greater than the initial injuries from the windshield, further increasing the overall injury level and leading to a higher mortality rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a windshield and its manufacturing method, as well as a vehicle, that can reduce the overall injury suffered by pedestrians after colliding with the windshield and have better overall safety performance.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a windshield, mounted on a vehicle including a dashboard, characterized in that the windshield comprises:

[0006] The outer glass layer has a first surface and a second surface that are disposed opposite to each other;

[0007] The inner glass layer has a third surface and a fourth surface that are arranged opposite to each other;

[0008] And a thermoplastic intermediate layer, sandwiched between the second surface and the third surface;

[0009] The windshield has a first weakened area. An adult head-shaped impactor is used to test the first weakened area. The adult head-shaped impactor is used to impact the first weakened area to cause the first weakened area to break. After the first weakened area breaks, the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the dashboard.

[0010] The adult head-shaped impactor has a first velocity V1 when it comes into contact with the first surface of the first weakened region, and a second velocity V2 when the fourth surface of the first weakened region breaks. V1 and V2 satisfy: V1 = 11.1 ± 0.2 m / s, V1 - V2 = 0.3 ~ 2.2 m / s.

[0011] In one embodiment, V1-V2 = 0.6 m / s to 2.0 m / s.

[0012] In one embodiment, the adult head-shaped impactor has a first maximum synthetic acceleration a5 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area, where a5 is less than or equal to 180g.

[0013] In one embodiment, the adult head-shaped impactor has a first head injury index HIC1 during the 0-5ms time period after impacting the first weakened area and a second head injury index HIC2 during the 5ms-15ms time period, where 100≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<1000.

[0014] In one embodiment, the windshield also has a second weakened zone, which is tested using an adult head impactor. The adult head impactor has a third head injury index HIC3 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the second weakened zone, where HIC3 < 1000.

[0015] In one embodiment, the windshield includes a transparent area and a shielding area surrounding the transparent area, wherein the visible light transmittance of the transparent area is greater than or equal to 70%, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 10%, and both the first weakening area and the second weakening area are located within the transparent area.

[0016] In one embodiment, the shielding area includes a top shielding area, a left shielding area, a bottom shielding area, and a right shielding area;

[0017] The distance between the lower boundary of the first weakened area and the bottom shading area is x, the distance between the left boundary of the first weakened area and the left shading area is m, the distance between the right boundary of the first weakened area and the right shading area is n, and the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the first weakened area is h. x is less than or equal to 15mm, m is less than or equal to 50mm, n is less than or equal to 50mm, and h is equal to 100mm to 300mm.

[0018] The distance between the upper boundary of the second weakened area and the top shading area is y, the distance between the left boundary of the second weakened area and the left shading area is m, the distance between the right boundary of the second weakened area and the right shading area is n, and y is less than or equal to 100mm.

[0019] In one embodiment, a transition weakening region is provided between the lower boundary of the second weakening region and the upper boundary of the first weakening region. The area of ​​the transition weakening region is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakening region. An adult head-shaped impactor is used to test the transition weakening region. The adult head-shaped impactor has a fourth head injury index HIC4 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the transition weakening region. HIC4 is greater than HIC1 and less than HIC3.

[0020] In one embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened region to the area of ​​the transparent region is less than or equal to 1 / 3, the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened region to the area of ​​the transparent region is less than or equal to 2 / 3, and the area of ​​the first weakened region is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened region.

[0021] In one embodiment, the time it takes for the adult head-shaped impactor to rupture the first weakened area is less than or equal to 3 ms.

[0022] In one embodiment, the bending strength of the third surface is greater than that of the second surface, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface is greater than that of the second surface.

[0023] In one embodiment, the thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer located in the first weakened region is 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0024] In one embodiment, the moisture content of the thermoplastic interlayer is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%.

[0025] In one embodiment, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface.

[0026] Alternatively, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is less than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is less than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface.

[0027] In one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the outer glass layer to the thickness of the inner glass layer is greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1.

[0028] In one embodiment, a weakening coating is further provided on at least one of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface, the weakening coating at least covering the first weakened area.

[0029] A second aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing the aforementioned windshield, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0030] Step 1, providing a curved outer glass and an inner glass, the outer glass having opposing first and second surfaces, and the inner glass having opposing third and fourth surfaces;

[0031] Step 2: Provide a thermoplastic interlayer, and stack the outer glass, thermoplastic interlayer, and inner glass in sequence to form a laminated glass structure;

[0032] Step 3: Heating, vacuuming and / or applying pressure to the laminated glass structure to obtain the windshield, which has the first weakened area.

[0033] In one embodiment, the windshield has at least one weakening structure located at least within the first weakening region, the weakening structure being formed using at least one of the following weakening methods:

[0034] (1) An internal defect is introduced between the first surface and the second surface using a laser weakening method;

[0035] (2) An internal defect is introduced between the third surface and the fourth surface using a laser weakening method;

[0036] (3) Microcracks are formed on the second surface by using a physical friction weakening method;

[0037] (4) A chemical etching weakening method is used to form fracture lines on the second surface.

[0038] In one embodiment, the curved outer and inner glass layers are obtained by subjecting flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and shaping step, and an annealing step, wherein the heating and softening step, the bending and shaping step, and the annealing step satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0039] (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660°C to 750°C;

[0040] (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass;

[0041] (3) The heating and softening step uses convection heating and radiation heating to soften the flat glass;

[0042] (4) In the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass with a lower concentration of tin oxide faces the heating element;

[0043] (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass is longer than that of the inner glass.

[0044] (6) In the bending forming step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500°C.

[0045] (7) In the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass is less than that of the inner glass.

[0046] (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass is longer than that of the inner glass.

[0047] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle including an instrument panel and a windshield as described above, the instrument panel being disposed on the lower side near the windshield.

[0048] The technical solution of this application has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0049] The windshield, its manufacturing method, and the vehicle described in this application can reduce the primary head injury caused by the windshield to a pedestrian during a collision with a vehicle, as well as the secondary head injury caused by the dashboard, significantly reducing the total head injury value suffered by the pedestrian. Ultimately, this reduces the overall injury suffered by the pedestrian from the impact with the windshield, enabling both pedestrian collision protection and vehicle occupant safety protection to be taken into account, thus improving the overall safety performance of the windshield. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the vehicle provided in this application.

[0051] Figure 2 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the windshield provided in this application.

[0052] Figure 3 Impact curves for impact time and combined acceleration obtained from testing conventional windshields according to standard GB24550.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a front view structural diagram of a windshield provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0054] Figure 5 The impact curves for impact time and combined acceleration were obtained from testing the windshield provided in this application according to standard GB24550.

[0055] Figure 6 This is a front view structural diagram of a windshield provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0056] Figure 7 This is a front view structural diagram of a windshield provided in another embodiment of this application. Specific Implementation

[0057] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0059] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0060] See Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a vehicle including an instrument panel 100 and a windshield 200, wherein the instrument panel 100 is located on the lower side near the windshield 200. The vehicle provided in this application may be, but is not limited to, a sedan, truck, pickup truck, commercial vehicle, bus, or SUV; this application makes no limitation thereto. The windshield 200 is angled to the instrument panel 100, and the angle is substantially equal to the mounting angle of the windshield 200. The mounting angle of the windshield 200 is the angle between the windshield 200 and the horizontal plane when the windshield 200 is in the mounted state, representing the degree of tilt of the windshield 200. The mounting angle is typically 18° to 45°, for example, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, etc.

[0061] In some embodiments, a head-up display projector 300 is installed within the dashboard 100. The head-up display projector 300 projects information onto the windshield 200. The light projected by the head-up display projector 300 is reflected or diffracted by the windshield 200 and enters the driver's eyes, allowing the driver to view necessary driving information, road condition information, and even entertainment information without looking down. In other embodiments, a passenger-side airbag 400 is installed within the dashboard 100. The passenger-side airbag 400 deploys from the dashboard 100 in the event of a collision, thereby protecting the safety of the occupants.

[0062] See Figure 2 As shown, the windshield 200 provided in this application adopts a laminated glass structure, which specifically includes an outer glass layer 1, a thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 and an inner glass layer 3; the outer glass layer 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other, the inner glass layer 3 has a third surface 31 and a fourth surface 32 opposite to each other, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 is sandwiched between the second surface 12 and the third surface 31.

[0063] The outer glass layer 1 is transparent or tinted glass, with a thickness of 0.7mm to 4mm and a visible light transmittance greater than 70%. The inner glass layer 3 is also transparent or tinted glass, with a thickness of 0.7mm to 4mm and a visible light transmittance greater than 70%. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and further less than or equal to 0.01%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80% to 95%; the total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the tinted glass is 0.1% to 0.8%, even 0.1% to 0.5%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is 75% to 90%. For example, the outer glass 1 can be a 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%, and the inner glass 3 can be a 1.6 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%, or a 2.1 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 80%.

[0064] The thermoplastic interlayer 2 is a transparent or colored thermoplastic polymer film, and its thickness is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm. For example, the thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 can be, but is not limited to, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.28 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 2.28 mm. The material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). When the thermoplastic interlayer 2 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 80%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 can be, but is not limited to, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. When the thermoplastic interlayer 2 is a colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is greater than 70%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 can be, but is not limited to, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%. The colored thermoplastic polymer film can be a gray thermoplastic polymer film, a green thermoplastic polymer film, or a blue thermoplastic polymer film.

[0065] The outer glass layer 1, thermoplastic intermediate layer 2, and inner glass layer 3 are processed using automotive glass manufacturing processes to form a laminated glass windshield 200. The windshield 200 meets the requirements of Chinese standard GB9656 and automotive glass standards in Europe and the United States. When the windshield 200 is installed on a vehicle, the outer glass layer 1 is located on the outside of the vehicle, with the first surface 11 being the exposed outer surface of the windshield 200. The inner glass layer 3 is located on the inside of the vehicle, with the fourth surface 32 being the exposed inner surface of the windshield 200. When a pedestrian collides with the windshield 200, the pedestrian's head will first contact the first surface 11 of the outer glass layer 1. If the windshield 200 does not break, the pedestrian's head will receive a significant impact. If the windshield 200 breaks, the pedestrian's head will partially or completely penetrate through the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass layer 3.

[0066] For the safety requirements of windshields, in addition to meeting the traditional basic requirements of protecting the safety of vehicle occupants—preventing them from being impaled from the vehicle during a collision—they must also be resistant to impacts from flying debris such as stones. These safety requirements are generally met by traditional windshields. However, an increasing number of countries require windshields to also protect pedestrians in collisions, minimizing head injuries during a collision. According to the Chinese standard GB24550, the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) are used to assess the severity of head injuries caused by windshields during a collision. The HIC is calculated using the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, a is the measured resultant acceleration, in g (1g = 9.81m / s2);

[0069] t1 and t2 are two moments (in seconds) during the impact process, representing a time interval between the start and end of the recording. Within this time interval, HIC takes its maximum value (t2-t1≤15ms).

[0070] According to the applicant's research, after a pedestrian's head collides with the windshield 200, if the windshield 200 does not break, the HIC of the windshield 200 will inevitably be greater than 1000, or even greater than 1700. The pedestrian's head will suffer a huge impact from the windshield 200, causing serious primary head injury. If the windshield 200 breaks, the HIC of the windshield 200 may be greater than 1000 or less than 1000. In order to better protect the pedestrian's head, the windshield 200 provided in this application has an HIC of less than 1000, so as to minimize the primary head injury suffered by the pedestrian.

[0071] According to the applicant's further research, the applicant surprisingly discovered that if a windshield 200 with an HIC of less than 1000 is provided, after a pedestrian's head collides with the windshield 200, the windshield 200 will shatter, and the pedestrian's head will partially or even completely penetrate through the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass 3. Due to the vehicle's structural design and the angle of collision between the pedestrian and the vehicle, the pedestrian's head will usually directly impact the lower half of the windshield 200, or even the area near the bottom edge of the windshield 200. After penetrating or passing through the fourth surface 32, the pedestrian's head will further impact the dashboard 100 below the windshield 200. The dashboard 100 will cause secondary injuries to the pedestrian's head. In particular, when the dashboard 100 is equipped with a head-up display projector 300, a passenger-side airbag 400, or other hard and sharp decorative parts, the secondary injuries caused by the dashboard 100 to the pedestrian's head may be more serious than the primary injuries caused by the windshield 200 to the pedestrian's head.

[0072] See Figure 3 As shown, multiple pieces of traditional windshield glass are provided. According to standard GB24550, an adult head-shaped impactor is used to test the process of a pedestrian's head hitting the windshield 200 after a collision between a pedestrian and a vehicle. Impact curves about impact time and composite acceleration are obtained using an accelerometer and a data acquisition instrument. Figure 3 Five sets of impact curves are shown, where the horizontal axis represents the impact time t (time) in milliseconds (ms), and the vertical axis represents the resultant acceleration a (acceleration) in g. In this application, the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the windshield and dashboard 100 sequentially, then decelerates due to resistance. For ease of plotting and explanation, the resultant acceleration a is taken as an absolute value.

[0073] exist Figure 3 In the diagram, dashed box 2000 represents the impact curve showing the impact time and resultant acceleration from the moment an adult head impactor strikes the windshield 200, from the point of contact with the first surface of the windshield 200 to the point of breakage. The impact typically completes within 5 ms. Dashed box 3000 represents the impact curve showing the impact time and resultant acceleration within 15 ms from the breakage of the windshield 200 to the point of impact with the dashboard 100. Based on the curves within dashed boxes 2000 and 3000, and the Head Injury Index (HIC) calculation formula, the two HIC values ​​can be calculated separately. Figure 3The five impact curves of the conventional windshield shown indicate that the combined acceleration within the dashed box 3000 is significantly greater than that within the dashed box 2000. The HIC calculated from the curve within the dashed box 3000 is also significantly greater than that calculated from the curve within the dashed box 2000. In fact, the HIC calculated from the curve within the dashed box 3000 is greater than 1000. This means that the dashboard 100 causes more serious secondary injuries to the pedestrian's head and may not even meet the standard requirement of HIC less than 1000.

[0074] Based on this, this application further optimizes the windshield 200 with an HIC of less than 1000, see reference. Figure 4As shown, a first weakened area 203 is provided on the windshield 200 in the area corresponding to the dashboard 100. An adult head-shaped impactor is used to test the first weakened area 203. The adult head-shaped impactor impacts the first weakened area 203 to cause the first weakened area 203 to break. After the first weakened area 203 breaks, the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the dashboard 100. The adult head-shaped impactor has a first velocity V1 when it contacts the first surface 11 of the first weakened area 203. The adult head-shaped impactor has a second velocity V2 when the fourth surface 32 of the first weakened area 203 breaks. V1 and V2 satisfy: V1 = 11.1 ± 0.2 m / s, V1 - V2 = 0.3 m / s ~ 2.2 m / s. As shown by the Head Injury Index (HIC) formula above, the magnitude of HIC is directly related to the resultant acceleration *a* and the time interval t2-t1 during the impact. Specifically, the larger the velocity difference between V1 and V2, the greater the deceleration resistance generated by the windshield 200 against the adult head impactor, i.e., the greater the resultant acceleration *a*; or the less likely the windshield 200 is to break, i.e., the longer the collision time between the adult head impactor and the windshield 200; thus, the HIC of the windshield 200 is greater than 1000, or even greater than 200. 0. The windshield 200 causes very serious primary head injury to the pedestrian; on the other hand, the smaller the velocity difference between V1 and V2, the easier it is for the windshield 200 to break, that is, the easier it is for an adult head-shaped impactor to penetrate the windshield 200, or even for an adult head-shaped impactor to penetrate the windshield 200 at the moment of impact and impact the dashboard 100 at a very high speed, thereby causing the HIC of the dashboard 100 to be greater than 1000, or even greater than 2000, resulting in very serious secondary head injury to the pedestrian. This application, by setting the first weakening zone 203 on the windshield 200, controls the speed difference between V1 and V2 to remain within 0.3 m / s to 2.2 m / s, under the premise that the speed of V1 is basically constant. Specific examples include 0.3 m / s, 0.4 m / s, 0.5 m / s, 0.6 m / s, 0.7 m / s, 0.8 m / s, 0.9 m / s, 1.0 m / s, 1.1 m / s, 1.2 m / s, 1.3 m / s, 1.4 m / s, and 1.5 m / s. The speeds are 1.6m / s, 1.7m / s, 1.8m / s, 1.9m / s, 2.0m / s, 2.1m / s, and 2.2m / s, etc., which can effectively control the HIC values ​​of the windshield 200 and the dashboard 100 while meeting the basic requirements for protecting the safety of the people inside the vehicle. This reduces both the primary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 200 and the secondary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the dashboard 100, thus significantly reducing the total injury value to the pedestrian's head.It is understood that testing the first weakened area 203 using an adult head-shaped impact tester can be conducted according to Chinese standard GB24550, or according to EU regulation ECE UN R127, the European New Car Assessment Programme (E-NCAP) protocol, the China New Car Assessment Programme (C-NCAP), or the China Insurance Automotive Safety Index (C-IASI). In this application, testing is preferably conducted according to Chinese standard GB24550, and the adult head-shaped impact tester used is the one specified in Chinese standard GB24550.

[0075] See Figure 5 As shown, multiple windshields 200 further optimized according to this application are provided. Tests are conducted using an adult head impactor according to standard GB24550 to simulate the process of a pedestrian's head impacting the windshield 200 after a collision with a vehicle. Impact curves regarding impact time and resultant acceleration are obtained using an accelerometer and a data acquisition device. Dashed box 2001 represents the impact curve of impact time and resultant acceleration from the moment the adult head impactor contacts the first surface of the windshield 200 until the windshield 200 breaks. Dashed box 3001 represents the impact curve of impact time and resultant acceleration within 15 ms after the windshield 200 breaks and impacts the dashboard 100. The adult head impactor has a first maximum resultant acceleration a5 within 0-5 ms after impacting the first weakened area, where a5 is less than or equal to 180g. The adult head impactor has a second maximum resultant acceleration a15 within 5-15 ms after impacting the first weakened area 203, and typically a5 is greater than a15. This is more conducive to reducing secondary injuries to pedestrians' heads caused by the dashboard 100, meeting the standard requirement of HIC less than 1000, and significantly reducing the total injury value to pedestrians' heads. The windshield 200 can take into account both pedestrian collision protection and the safety protection of people inside the vehicle, and its comprehensive safety performance is better.

[0076] In some embodiments, V1-V2 = 0.6 m / s to 2.0 m / s. The speed of V1 is basically fixed according to the test standards such as Chinese standard GB24550. Controlling the speed difference between V1 and V2 to be within 0.6 m / s to 2.0 m / s can make the combined acceleration a and the breakage time of the windshield 200 during impact within a more reasonable range, thereby more effectively controlling the HIC value. In this way, both the primary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 200 and the secondary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the dashboard 100 are reduced, resulting in a significant reduction in the total injury value to the pedestrian's head and meeting the standard requirement of HIC less than 1000.

[0077] In some embodiments, the breakage time of the windshield 200 after an adult head-shaped impactor strikes it is shortened to less than 3 ms. That is, the time it takes for the first weakened area 203 to break after the adult head-shaped impactor strikes it is less than or equal to 3 ms, thus reducing the risk of head injury to pedestrians caused by the windshield 200. During the breakage process of the windshield 200, the outer glass layer 1 has an external maximum resultant acceleration aO to the adult head-shaped impactor, and the inner glass layer 3 has an internal maximum resultant acceleration a1. Specifically, the adult head-shaped impactor has two peaks within the 0-5 ms timeframe after impacting the first weakened area 203, corresponding to the two peaks in the dashed box 2001. Typically, the inner glass layer 3 breaks earlier than the outer glass layer 1, and the external maximum resultant acceleration aO is greater than the internal maximum resultant acceleration a1. In other embodiments, the external maximum resultant acceleration aO is less than the internal maximum resultant acceleration a1. In some other embodiments, the adult head-shaped impactor has only one peak during the 0-5ms time period after impacting the first weakened region 203.

[0078] In some embodiments, the first maximum resultant acceleration a5 should generally be less than or equal to 180g, and the second maximum resultant acceleration a15 should generally be less than or equal to 100g, thereby more effectively reducing primary head injuries caused by the windshield 200 to pedestrians and secondary head injuries caused by the dashboard 100 to pedestrians. Preferably, the first maximum resultant acceleration a5 is less than or equal to 150g, and the second maximum resultant acceleration a15 is less than or equal to 80g.

[0079] In some embodiments, the adult head impactor has a first head injury index HIC1 within 0-5ms after impacting the first weakened zone 203 and a second head injury index HIC2 within 5ms-15ms, where 100≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<1000. This application, by setting the first weakened zone 203 on the windshield 200 and controlling the speed difference between V1 and V2 within a certain range, controls the HIC value to meet the requirements of 100≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<1000. This not only meets the basic requirement of protecting the safety of vehicle occupants but also reduces both the primary head injury caused by the windshield 200 and the secondary head injury caused by the dashboard 100, meeting the standard requirement of HIC less than 1000.

[0080] In some embodiments, the second head injury index HIC2 ≤ 650, where HIC2 is less than HIC1, which is more conducive to reducing secondary head injuries caused by the dashboard 100 to pedestrians. According to the applicant's research, if HIC1 is too small, an adult head impactor will directly penetrate the windshield 200. Although the primary head injury caused by the windshield 200 is relatively small, the secondary head injury caused by the dashboard 100 is very large, making HIC2 significantly greater than 1000, and failing to meet the impact resistance requirements against flying objects such as stones from outside the vehicle. Therefore, after the adult head impactor impacts the first weakened area 203, the ideal state of the first weakened area 203 is that it breaks but is not completely penetrated. The first head injury index HIC1 can be increased. Examples of values ​​for the first head injury index (HIC1) are 100, 150, 180, 200, 220, 250, 280, 300, 320, 350, 370, 400, 430, 450, 480, 500, 550, 600, and 650. Preferably, 200 ≤ HIC1 ≤ 500 and HIC2 ≤ 500.

[0081] In some embodiments, to further reduce the risk of head injury to pedestrians from the windshield 200, the windshield 200 also has a second weakened area 204, which is also located within the transparent area 201. The second weakened area 204 is tested using an adult head impactor. The adult head impactor generates a third head injury index (HIC3) within 0-15 ms after impacting the second weakened area 204, where HIC3 < 1000. Preferably, 100 ≤ HIC3 ≤ 900, and specific values ​​can be 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, etc. In this application, the first weakened area 203 is mainly used to protect the pedestrian's head, which can reduce the primary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 200 and the secondary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the dashboard 100; the second weakened area 204 is mainly used to protect the occupants of the vehicle, while also protecting the pedestrian's head, which can reduce the primary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 200; preferably, HIC1 and HIC3 satisfy HIC3 greater than HIC1, and 200≤HIC3≤800.

[0082] In some embodiments, the windshield 200 has a transparent area 201 and a shielding area 202 surrounding the transparent area 201. The transparent area 201 is located in the central region of the windshield 200 and has a high visible light transmittance that meets safety standards. The visible light transmittance of the transparent area 201 is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0083] The shielding area 202 is arranged around the perimeter of the windshield 200. The shielding area 202 has a low visible light transmittance, less than or equal to 10%, and is used to shield and protect interior components, preventing them from being damaged by direct sunlight and thus extending their lifespan. Simultaneously, the shielding area 202 also obscures interior components to maintain the overall aesthetic appearance from the outside. Preferably, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 202 is less than or equal to 5%, more preferably less than or equal to 1%, even more preferably less than or equal to 0.5%, and even more preferably essentially zero, i.e., completely opaque.

[0084] The shielding area 202 can be formed by at least one of a dark printed layer, a dark polymer film, and a dimming element.

[0085] The material of the dark printing layer 4 can be ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink. The ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink is printed on the second surface 12 through processes such as screen printing or inkjet printing. After curing or high-temperature sintering, the dark printing layer 4 is formed. The color of the dark printing layer is preferably black, brown, or tan. The dark printing layer 4 is disposed around the perimeter of the second surface 12. It can be understood that the dark printing layer 4 can also be located only on the third surface 31, or only on the fourth surface 32, or simultaneously on the second surface 12 and the fourth surface 32, or simultaneously on the second surface 12 and the third surface 31, or simultaneously on the third surface 31 and the fourth surface 32, or simultaneously on the second surface 12, the third surface 31, and the fourth surface 32.

[0086] The dark polymer film can be a bulk-colored polymer film, and the material of the polymer film is a thermoplastic resin, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyurethane (PU), or ionomer polymer film (SGP), preferably PET or PVB. For example, bulk coloring is achieved by adding coloring components during the manufacturing process of the polymer film to obtain black or brown polymer films, etc. The dark polymer film can also be a polymer film with surface-printed pigments, such as printing black or brown pigments or paints on the surface of the polymer film.

[0087] The dimming element can be a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film (PDLC), a suspended particle film (SPD), an electrochromic film (EC), a dye liquid crystal film (LC), etc. The minimum visible light transmittance of the dimming element is less than or equal to 5%, for example, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0%. The maximum visible light transmittance of the dimming element can be set as needed, for example, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, or 80%. Specifically, the visible light transmittance of the dimming element can be adjusted between 0% and 20%, between 0.5% and 50%, or between 0% and 70%, etc., thereby meeting the visible light transmittance requirements in various scenarios.

[0088] In some embodiments, both the first weakened region 203 and the second weakened region 204 are located within the transparent region.

[0089] See Figure 4 As shown, the first weakened area 203 is located within the transparent area 201. After the adult head-shaped impactor causes the first weakened area 203 to rupture, it will continue to impact the dashboard 100. Therefore, the first weakened area 203 is also called the dashboard weakened area or IP weakened area.

[0090] The shielding area 202 includes a top shielding area 205, a left shielding area 206, a right shielding area 207, and a bottom shielding area 208. The top shielding area 205 is located in the top region of the windshield 200, the left shielding area 206 is located in the left region of the windshield 200, the right shielding area 207 is located in the right region of the windshield 200, and the bottom shielding area 208 is located in the bottom region of the windshield 200.

[0091] Specifically, the distance between the lower boundary of the first weakened area 203 and the bottom shading area 208 is x, the distance between the left boundary of the first weakened area 203 and the left shading area 206 is m, the distance between the right boundary of the first weakened area 203 and the right shading area 207 is n, and the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the first weakened area 203 is h, where x is less than or equal to 15mm, m is less than or equal to 50mm, n is less than or equal to 50mm, and h is equal to 100mm to 300mm. Specifically, x can be 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, 1mm, etc.; m can be 50mm, 45mm, 40mm, 35mm, 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, etc.; n can be 50mm, 45mm, 40mm, 35mm, 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, etc.; and h can be 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, 180mm, 200mm, 230mm, 250mm, 280mm, 300mm, etc.

[0092] See Figure 4 As shown, the second weakened area 204 is located within the transparent area 201. Specifically, the second weakened area 204 is located between the first weakened area 203 and the top occlusion area 205. The distance between the upper boundary of the second weakened area 204 and the top occlusion area 205 is y, the distance between the left boundary of the second weakened area 204 and the left occlusion area 206 is m, and the distance between the right boundary of the second weakened area 204 and the right occlusion area 207 is n. y is less than or equal to 100mm, and y can be exemplified as 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, 100mm, etc.

[0093] In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened region 203 to the area of ​​the transparent region 201 is less than or equal to 1 / 3, the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened region 204 to the area of ​​the transparent region 201 is less than or equal to 2 / 3, and the area of ​​the first weakened region 203 is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened region 204.

[0094] See Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the first weakened region 203 is adjacent to the second weakened region 204.

[0095] To achieve the first weakened zone 203 and the second weakened zone 204 in the windshield 200, this application implements zoned weakening of the windshield to achieve different HIC zone control. For the first weakened zone 203, the peak value of the second maximum composite acceleration a15 can be advanced, and the peak value of the second maximum composite acceleration a15 can be reduced, making a15 less than a5, thus significantly optimizing the impact curve overall.

[0096] In other embodiments, see Figure 6 As shown, a transition weakening region 209 can be set between the lower boundary of the second weakening region 204 and the upper boundary of the first weakening region 203. The area of ​​the transition weakening region 209 is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakening region 203. The transition weakening region is tested using an adult head impactor. The adult head impactor has a fourth head injury index HIC4 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the transition weakening region. HIC4 is greater than HIC1 and less than HIC3.

[0097] In some embodiments, when weakening the windshield 200, other safety requirements must also be ensured. For example, after the passenger airbag 400 is deployed, it will directly impact the inner glass 3. In order to protect the occupants, it is preferable that the strength of the inner glass 3 is greater than the strength of the outer glass 1, the bending strength of the third surface 31 is greater than the bending strength of the second surface 12, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface 32 is greater than the bending strength of the second surface 12.

[0098] The thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 in a conventional windshield 200 is 0.76 mm to 1.52 mm. In some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 located in the first weakened region 203 is 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm, specifically 0.38 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, etc., thereby better realizing the first weakened region 203. Furthermore, in order to ensure the overall strength of the second weakened region 204, it is preferable that the thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 in the second weakened region 204 is at least 0.76 mm.

[0099] According to the applicant's research, the moisture content of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 affects the bonding strength between the thermoplastic interlayer 2 and the outer glass layer 1 and the inner glass layer 3. The conventional windshield 200 has a thermoplastic interlayer 2 with a moisture content of 0.45% to 0.55%, which results in better bonding strength and a higher HIC (Highest Intensity Criterion) of the windshield 200. In some embodiments of this application, to achieve the first weakening region 203 and the second weakening region 204, the moisture content of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 is 0.3%-0.4%, specifically 0.3%, 0.32%, 0.35%, 0.38%, 0.4%, etc.; or 0.6%-0.7%, specifically 0.6%, 0.61%, 0.63%, 0.65%, 0.68%, 0.7%, etc., thereby effectively controlling the HIC value.

[0100] In a conventional windshield 200, one of the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 is an air surface and the other is a tin surface to improve their adhesion strength to the thermoplastic interlayer 2. In some embodiments of this application, both the outer glass layer 1 and the inner glass layer 3 are float glass, which has an air surface and a tin surface formed during the manufacturing process, wherein the tin oxide concentration on the tin surface is greater than the tin oxide concentration on the air surface.

[0101] Specifically, both the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 are either tin surfaces or air surfaces. Wherein, both the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 are tin surfaces, meaning the tin oxide concentration on the second surface 12 is greater than the tin oxide concentration on the first surface 11, and the tin oxide concentration on the third surface 31 is greater than the tin oxide concentration on the fourth surface 32. Optionally, both the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 are air surfaces, meaning the tin oxide concentration on the second surface 12 is less than the tin oxide concentration on the first surface 11, and the tin oxide concentration on the third surface 31 is less than the tin oxide concentration on the fourth surface 32.

[0102] Traditional windshields 200 have an outer glass layer 1 with a thickness of 2.1 mm and an inner glass layer 3 with a thickness of 2.1 mm, or an outer glass layer 1 with a thickness of 3.0 mm and an inner glass layer 3 with a thickness of 1.1 mm. This results in a windshield 200 breaking after impact in approximately 5 ms, or even 6.5 ms. Preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the outer glass layer 1 to the thickness of the inner glass layer 3 is greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1, for example, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, etc. This allows the inner glass layer 3 and the outer glass layer 1 to break rapidly, either simultaneously or nearly simultaneously, thereby shortening the windshield 200's breaking time after impact to less than 3 ms. Specifically, for example, the outer glass 1 has a thickness of 1.6 mm and the inner glass 3 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, or the outer glass 1 has a thickness of 1.8 mm and the inner glass 3 has a thickness of 2 mm, etc.

[0103] like Figure 2 As shown, this application further provides a weakening coating 5 on at least one of the second surface 12, the third surface 31, and the fourth surface 32. The weakening coating 5 at least covers the first weakening area 203, preferably the weakening coating 5 at least covers the first weakening area 203 and the second weakening area 204, and further, the weakening coating 5 at least covers the transparent area 201. During the manufacturing process of the windshield 200, the weakening coating 5 undergoes a heating and softening step, a bending and forming step, and an annealing step together with the outer glass 1 or the inner glass 3. Since the weakening coating 5 and the outer glass 1 or the inner glass 3 have different heating rates and annealing rates, the glass surface where the weakening coating 5 is located generates mechanical stress on the glass interior, causing an increase in the tensile stress inside the glass and an increase in the compressive stress on the glass surface where the weakening coating 5 is located. This reduces the stress on the glass surface without the weakening coating 5, achieving the effect of 100≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<1000. The weakening coating 5 can be applied to at least one of the second surface 12, the third surface 31, and the fourth surface 32 by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or sol-gel method. The physical vapor deposition (PVD) method is preferably magnetron sputtering. It is understood that the weakening coating 5 not only weakens the windshield 200 but also provides the windshield 200 with its own functions, such as heat insulation, UV protection, electric heating for defrosting and defogging, increasing P-polarized light reflectivity for HUD, reducing visible light reflectivity, preventing fogging, hydrophobicity, and anti-glare.

[0104] In some embodiments, the weakening coating 5 includes at least one infrared reflective functional layer, which can be a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, or a transparent conductive oxide layer (TCO layer). The number of infrared reflective functional layers in the weakening coating 5 can be one, two, three, four, or even five. Considering design complexity, production difficulty, and manufacturing costs, the number of infrared reflective functional layers is preferably 2-4. It is understood that the weakening coating 5 also includes at least two dielectric layers, with each infrared reflective functional layer located between two adjacent dielectric layers. The dielectric layers serve two purposes: firstly, to protect the infrared reflective functional layers from oxidation or corrosion; and secondly, to adjust the optical properties, mechanical properties, and reflective color of the weakening coating 5.

[0105] The metal layer can be made of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al), and the metal alloy layer can be made of a silver alloy with a silver content greater than or equal to 90%, such as silver-copper alloy, silver-indium alloy, or silver-aluminum alloy. The thickness of the metal layer or metal alloy layer is 5 nm to 20 nm. When the infrared reflective functional layer is a metal layer or metal alloy layer, the weakening coating 5 is disposed on the second surface 12 or the third surface 31.

[0106] The infrared reflective functional layer can also be a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer can be selected from at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), NiCrOx, FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ZnSnOx, and zinc oxide. The doping element in the zinc oxide can be at least one of aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium, such as AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide) and HAZO (hafnium and aluminum-doped AZO). In some embodiments, the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layer is 50 nm to 300 nm. When the infrared reflective functional layer is a transparent conductive oxide layer, the weakening coating 5 is disposed on the second surface 12, the third surface 31, or the fourth surface 32.

[0107] In other embodiments, the weakening coating 5 comprises at least one stacked structure of a "high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer", wherein the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is not less than 1.8 and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is not greater than 1.7; the weakening coating 5 is used to reduce the visible light reflectivity of the windshield 200 or to increase the P-polarized light reflectivity of the windshield 200. Specifically, the weakening coating 5 may include 1-4 of the stacked structures. For example, the weakening coating 5 may include a stacked structure of a high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer, wherein the high refractive index layer is directly disposed on the second surface 12, the third surface 31, or the fourth surface 32, and the low refractive index layer is disposed on the high refractive index layer; the weakening coating 5 may include a stacked structure of two high refractive index layers / low refractive index layers, namely, a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer, and a second low refractive index layer are deposited outward in sequence, wherein the first high refractive index layer is directly disposed on the second surface 12, the third surface 31, or the fourth surface 32; the weakening coating 5 may include a stacked structure of three high refractive index layers / low refractive index layers, namely, a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer, a second low refractive index layer, a third high refractive index layer, and a third low refractive index layer are deposited outward in sequence, wherein the first high refractive index layer is directly disposed on the second surface 12, the third surface 31, or the fourth surface 32.

[0108] This application also provides a method for manufacturing the windshield 200, comprising the following steps:

[0109] Step 1, providing a curved outer glass 1 and an inner glass 3, the outer glass 1 having opposing first surfaces 11 and second surfaces 12, and the inner glass 3 having opposing third surfaces 31 and fourth surfaces 32.

[0110] Step 2: Provide a thermoplastic interlayer 2, and stack the outer glass 1, thermoplastic interlayer 2 and inner glass 3 in sequence to form a laminated glass structure.

[0111] Step 3: Heating, vacuuming and / or applying pressure to the laminated glass structure to obtain the windshield 200, wherein the windshield 200 has the first weakened region 203.

[0112] In some embodiments, the windshield 200 has at least one weakening structure. The weakening structure is formed using at least one of the following weakening methods:

[0113] (1) An internal defect is introduced between the first surface and the second surface using a laser weakening method.

[0114] (2) An internal defect is introduced between the third surface and the fourth surface using a laser weakening method.

[0115] (3) Microcracks are formed on the second surface by using a physical friction weakening method.

[0116] (4) A chemical etching weakening method is used to form fracture lines on the second surface.

[0117] The weakening structure can be located within the first weakening area 203. Furthermore, the windshield 200 may also have a second weakening area 204. The weakening structure can be located within the second weakening area 204.

[0118] It should be noted that in this application, the weakening structure may be located only in the first weakening region 203, or multiple weakening structures may be located in the first weakening region 203 and the second weakening region 204 respectively. The weakening structure in the first weakening region 203 may be the same as or different from the weakening structure in the second weakening region 204, depending on the design.

[0119] In some embodiments, the curved outer glass layer 1 and inner glass layer 3 are obtained by subjecting flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and forming step, and an annealing step. Different process conditions are set for the heating and softening step, the bending and forming step, and the annealing step, which can further adjust the stress of the outer glass layer 1 and the inner glass layer 3, and further adjust the HIC of the windshield 200. The heating and softening step uses a heating element to raise the temperature of the flat glass to the softening temperature; the bending and forming step uses a bending die to bend the flat glass, and the bending die can include at least one of a solid punch, a solid die, an annular punch, and an annular die; the annealing step uses a blowing device to lower the temperature of the bent outer glass layer 1 and inner glass layer 3 to room temperature.

[0120] Preferably, the heating and softening step, the bending and forming step, and the annealing step satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0121] (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660°C to 750°C.

[0122] (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass.

[0123] (3) The heating and softening step uses convection heating and radiation heating to soften the flat glass.

[0124] (4) In the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass with a lower concentration of tin oxide faces the heating element.

[0125] (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass 1 is longer than that of the inner glass 3.

[0126] (6) In the bending forming step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500°C.

[0127] (7) In the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass 1 is less than the blowing pressure of the inner glass 3.

[0128] (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass 1 is longer than that of the inner glass 3.

[0129] Examples 1-18 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0130] Multiple pieces of float glass with thicknesses of 2.1 mm and 1.8 mm are prepared. After heating and softening, bending and forming, and annealing, a curved outer glass layer 1 and an inner glass layer 3 are obtained. The outer glass layer 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the inner glass layer 3 has a thickness of 1.8 mm. A 0.76 mm thick PVB is used as a thermoplastic interlayer 2. The thermoplastic interlayer 2 is laminated with the curved outer glass layer 1 and inner glass layer 3 according to the manufacturing method described in this application to form a laminated glass structure. The laminated glass structure is heated, vacuumed, and / or pressure is applied to obtain the windshields 200 of Examples 1-18 and Comparative Examples 1-6.

[0131] Among them, the windshields 200 of Comparative Examples 1-2 have undergone weakening optimization and have a first weakening zone 203, but V2-V1 is less than 0.3 m / s; the windshields 200 of Comparative Examples 3-4 have undergone weakening optimization and have a first weakening zone 203, but V2-V1 is greater than 2.2 m / s; the windshields 200 of Comparative Examples 5-6 have not undergone weakening optimization and do not have a first weakening zone 203. The windshields 200 of Examples 1-18 have undergone weakening optimization and have a first weakening zone 203, satisfying 0.3 m / s ≤ V2-V1 ≤ 2.2 m / s.

[0132] According to standard GB24550, the windshields 200 of Examples 1-18 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor was used to impact the first weakened area 203 to cause the first weakened area 203 to break. After the first weakened area 203 broke, the adult head-shaped impactor impacted the dashboard 100. Impact curves with impact time and composite acceleration were obtained using an accelerometer and a data acquisition instrument. The cracking phenomenon of the windshield 200 was observed or calculated, and the test results were recorded in Table 1.

[0133] Atypical rupture: exhibiting at least one of phenomena (1)-(2);

[0134] (1) When an adult head-shaped impactor impacts the first weakened area, the integrity of the windshield is maintained for more than 1ms without shattering.

[0135] (2) The first maximum combined acceleration a5 is greater than 180g during the 0-5ms time interval in the impact curve;

[0136] Typical fracture: satisfies 100≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<1000, and there is no atypical fracture phenomenon.

[0137] Table 1: Test results of the windshields 200 in Examples 1-18 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] As shown in Table 1, for Comparative Examples 1 and 2, V2-V1 is less than 0.3 m / s², and the first maximum combined acceleration a5 is less than 50 g, resulting in HIC1 values ​​less than 100. The windshield 200 was completely penetrated during the test, leading to HIC2 values ​​greater than 1000. Although the windshield 200 caused minor primary head injury to pedestrians, the dashboard caused very serious secondary head injury. For Comparative Examples 3-6, V2-V1 is greater than 2.2 m / s², resulting in HIC1 values ​​greater than 850, and even greater than 1000. The windshield 200 experienced slight cracking during the test, and although the HIC2 was relatively low, it still caused serious primary head injury to pedestrians.

[0141] In Examples 1-18, V2-V1 satisfies 0.3m / s≤V2-V1≤2.2m / s, preferably 0.6m / s≤V2-V1≤2.0m / s, and more preferably 0.8m / s≤V2-V1≤1.81m / s. This allows the outer glass 1 and inner glass 3 of the windshield 200 to break simultaneously or nearly simultaneously upon impact, with the specific breakage time shortened to less than 3ms. This ensures that the first weakened zone 203 of the windshield 200 satisfies 100≤HIC1≤650 and HIC2<1000, and there are no atypical breakage phenomena. This is more conducive to reducing the primary head injury caused by the windshield 200 to pedestrians. It achieves the goal of meeting the basic requirements for protecting the safety of vehicle occupants, while also reducing the primary head injury caused by the windshield 200 to pedestrians and the secondary head injury caused by the dashboard to pedestrians, ultimately reducing the overall injury suffered by pedestrians from the impact with the windshield 200. Among them, the first maximum composite acceleration a5 satisfies 50g≤a5<180g, preferably 80g≤a5≤170g, and more preferably 100g≤a5≤150g. This is beneficial to reduce both the primary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 200 and the secondary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the dashboard, thereby significantly reducing the total injury value to the pedestrian's head.

[0142] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this application, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A windshield, mounted on a vehicle including a dashboard, characterized in that, The windshield includes: The outer glass layer has a first surface and a second surface that are disposed opposite to each other; The inner glass layer has a third surface and a fourth surface that are arranged opposite to each other; And a thermoplastic intermediate layer, sandwiched between the second surface and the third surface; The windshield has a first weakened area. An adult head-shaped impactor is used to test the first weakened area. The adult head-shaped impactor is used to impact the first weakened area to cause the first weakened area to break. After the first weakened area breaks, the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the dashboard. The adult head-shaped impactor has a first velocity V1 when it contacts the first surface of the first weakened region, and a second velocity V2 when the adult head-shaped impactor breaks at the fourth surface of the first weakened region. V1 and V2 satisfy: V1 = 11.1 ± 0.2 m / s, V1 - V2 = 0.3 ~ 2.2 m / s; The adult head-shaped impactor has a first head injury index HIC1 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area and a second head injury index HIC2 within 5 ms to 15 ms, where 100 ≤ HIC1 ≤ 650 and HIC2 < 1000. The windshield also has a second weakened zone. The second weakened zone is tested using an adult head impactor. The adult head impactor has a third head injury index HIC3 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the second weakened zone, and HIC3 < 1000.

2. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that, V1-V2 = 0.6m / s~2.0m / s.

3. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adult head-shaped impactor has a first maximum synthetic acceleration a5 within 0 to 5 ms after impacting the first weakened area, where a5 is less than or equal to 180g.

4. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The windshield includes a transparent area and a shielding area surrounding the transparent area. The visible light transmittance of the transparent area is greater than or equal to 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 10%. The first weakening area and the second weakening area are both located within the transparent area.

5. The windshield as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The shielding area includes a top shielding area, a left side shielding area, a bottom shielding area, and a right side shielding area; The distance between the lower boundary of the first weakened area and the bottom shading area is x, the distance between the left boundary of the first weakened area and the left shading area is m, the distance between the right boundary of the first weakened area and the right shading area is n, and the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the first weakened area is h. x is less than or equal to 15mm, m is less than or equal to 50mm, n is less than or equal to 50mm, and h is equal to 100mm to 300mm. The distance between the upper boundary of the second weakened area and the top shading area is y, the distance between the left boundary of the second weakened area and the left shading area is m, the distance between the right boundary of the second weakened area and the right shading area is n, and y is less than or equal to 100mm.

6. The windshield as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A transition weakening zone is set between the lower boundary of the second weakening zone and the upper boundary of the first weakening zone. The area of ​​the transition weakening zone is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakening zone. The transition weakening zone is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor has a fourth head injury index HIC4 within 0 to 15 ms after impacting the transition weakening zone. HIC4 is greater than HIC1 and less than HIC3.

7. The windshield as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened region to the area of ​​the transparent region is less than or equal to 1 / 3, the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened region to the area of ​​the transparent region is less than or equal to 2 / 3, and the area of ​​the first weakened region is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened region.

8. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The time it takes for the first weakened area to rupture due to impact from the adult head-shaped impactor is less than or equal to 3 ms.

9. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The bending strength of the third surface is greater than that of the second surface, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface is greater than that of the second surface.

10. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer located in the first weakened region is 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm.

11. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The moisture content of the thermoplastic interlayer is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%.

12. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is greater than that on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is greater than that on the fourth surface. Alternatively, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is less than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is less than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface.

13. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The ratio of the thickness of the outer glass layer to the thickness of the inner glass layer is greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1.

14. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, A weakening coating is further provided on at least one of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface, the weakening coating at least covering the first weakened area.

15. A method for manufacturing a windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, providing a curved outer glass and an inner glass, the outer glass having opposing first and second surfaces, and the inner glass having opposing third and fourth surfaces; Step 2: Provide a thermoplastic interlayer, and stack the outer glass, thermoplastic interlayer, and inner glass in sequence to form a laminated glass structure; Step 3: Heating, vacuuming and / or applying pressure to the laminated glass structure to obtain the windshield, which has the first weakened area.

16. The method for manufacturing a windshield as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The windshield has at least one weakening structure, the weakening structure being located at least within the first weakening region, and the weakening structure being formed using at least one of the following weakening methods: (1) An internal defect is introduced between the first surface and the second surface using a laser weakening method; (2) An internal defect is introduced between the third surface and the fourth surface using a laser weakening method; (3) Microcracks are formed on the second surface by using a physical friction weakening method; (4) A chemical etching weakening method is used to form fracture lines on the second surface.

17. The method for manufacturing a windshield as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The curved outer and inner glass layers are obtained by subjecting flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and shaping step, and an annealing step, wherein the heating and softening step, the bending and shaping step, and the annealing step satisfy at least one of the following conditions: (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660°C to 750°C; (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass; (3) The heating and softening step uses convection heating and radiation heating to soften the flat glass; (4) In the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass with a lower concentration of tin oxide faces the heating element; (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass is longer than that of the inner glass. (6) In the bending forming step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500°C. (7) In the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass is less than that of the inner glass. (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass is longer than that of the inner glass.

18. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes an instrument panel and a windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, the instrument panel being located on the lower side near the windshield.

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