Wide-area demand-supply adjustment device, wide-area demand-supply adjustment system, computer program for wide-area demand-supply adjustment device, and wide-area demand-supply adjustment method

Abstract

To provide a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device, system, method, and program for efficiently adjusting the supply and demand of power over a wide area by inhibiting uneven distribution of the adjustment force to a certain area.SOLUTION: In a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1, a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 includes a netting unit 51 that, on the basis of power (AR value) requested for each of control target areas, calculates the total adjustment amount of all the areas, a control allocation calculating unit 52 that, by distributing the total adjustment amount of all the areas calculated by the netting unit to the areas, calculates control allocation amounts of the respective areas and / or control allocation amounts of power generators 91a to 91n of the respective areas, and a power source command creation unit 53 that creates command values for the respective areas on the basis of the control allocation amounts of the respective areas and / or the control allocation amounts of the power generators 91a to 91n of the respective areas calculated by the control allocation calculating unit 52.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This embodiment relates to a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device that performs power supply and demand control of a power system, a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment system, a computer program for a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device, and a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment method.

Background Art

[0002] In order to supply power stably, it is necessary to perform power supply and demand control of the power system. As this type of power supply and demand control system for a power system, a power supply and demand adjustment system that performs power supply and demand control using load frequency control (LFC) and economic load distribution control (EDC) is known.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Due to recent power liberalization, new power suppliers have entered the power business, and more complex power supply and consumption have been carried out compared to the past. Therefore, it is necessary to efficiently adjust the power demand and supply (hereinafter collectively referred to as "power supply and demand adjustment"). In order to efficiently perform power supply and demand adjustment, it is necessary to perform power supply and demand adjustment over a wide area. Also, it is preferable to avoid the adjustment power related to power supply and demand from being concentrated in a certain area.

[0005] Following the legal separation of general power transmission and distribution operators, a supply and demand adjustment market for procuring adjustment capacity by these operators began operation in April 2021. The supply and demand adjustment market requires that neutrality in market operations and price transparency be ensured, that efficient supply and demand adjustment be realized through the use of market mechanisms, and that the necessary adjustment capacity be procured stably. To achieve these goals, efforts are being made to consider methods such as the disclosure of supply and demand adjustment market prices, power generation on a merit order basis, the use of power sources other than conventional general electric utilities and demand response, and the evaluation of power sources with high adjustment flexibility (power sources for frequency adjustment). For the smooth introduction of the supply and demand adjustment market, fairness and transparency in the procurement and operation of adjustment capacity must be ensured.

[0006] With recent reforms to the power system, the current power companies' generation, transmission and distribution, and retail businesses are being legally separated, becoming transmission and distribution, generation, and retail. Existing power companies previously secured the necessary supply and demand adjustment capacity internally when adjusting supply and demand and frequency. However, with the recent separation of generation and transmission and distribution businesses, power companies may now also secure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market.

[0007] As market participants and grid operators, power companies maintain a neutral stance and manage supply and demand and frequency adjustments based on merit orders. Power companies also manage supply and demand and frequency adjustments by purchasing or selling commodities in the supply and demand adjustment market.

[0008] As part of the product menu in the supply and demand adjustment market, multiple products are prepared to correspond to control with different adjustment speeds. For example, the product menu in the supply and demand adjustment market is planned to be divided into 10 categories corresponding to "primary adjustment capacity," "secondary adjustment capacity," and "tertiary adjustment capacity" (upward and downward) for each control category.

[0009] Traditionally, in each area's power grid, power supply and demand control devices for each area controlled and operated supply and demand adjustment capabilities based on the area's regional demand (AR). In the future, wide-area procurement and operation of electricity will begin through the supply and demand adjustment market. In the future, the regional demand (AR) in each area's power grid will be netted, and the netted regional demand (AR) will be instructed to each area's power grid as the control amount. However, because commands regarding the control amount are issued to multiple areas, there has been a problem in that adjustment capabilities become unevenly distributed in certain areas, making it difficult to ensure control performance.

[0010] In August 2020, the Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO) published a method for considering wide-area operation regarding secondary adjustment capacity. However, it did not consider methods for determining adjustment capacity that take into account transmission time and calculation time in conjunction with wide-area LFC. As a result, there was a problem that the surplus adjustment capacity could be unevenly distributed among areas due to the distribution of control loads associated with individual merit order lists by the wide-area load frequency control (LFC) function, leading to a deterioration in controllability. Furthermore, since the distribution of control loads associated with the merit order is based on adjustment costs, there was a trade-off between economics and controllability, which also led to a deterioration in controllability.

[0011] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device, a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment system, a computer program for a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device, and a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment method that can suppress the uneven distribution of adjustment power in a certain area and efficiently adjust power supply and demand over a wide area. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device of this embodiment is characterized by having the following configuration. (1) A netting unit that calculates the total amount of adjustment for all of the multiple areas based on the power (AR value) required for each of the multiple areas to be controlled. (2) A control sharing amount calculation unit that distributes the total amount of adjustment amounts of all of the plurality of areas calculated by the netting unit to each of the plurality of areas to calculate at least one of the control sharing amounts of each of the plurality of areas and the control sharing amounts of each generator for the plurality of areas. (3) Each power source command creation unit that creates command values for each of the plurality of areas based on at least one of the control sharing amounts of each of the plurality of areas and the control sharing amounts of each generator for the plurality of areas calculated by the control sharing amount calculation unit.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013] [Figure 1] Diagram showing a wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the first embodiment [Figure 2] Diagram explaining the connection relationship between the wide-area demand-supply adjustment device and each area in the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the first embodiment [Figure 3] Diagram showing the operation flow of the power demand-supply control device according to the first embodiment [Figure 4] Diagram showing the operation flow of the wide-area demand-supply adjustment device according to the first embodiment [Figure 5] Diagram showing the general control logic of the AR distribution method according to the prior art [Figure 6] Diagram showing the control logic of the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the first embodiment [Figure 7] Diagram showing the individual merit order for each generator in the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the first embodiment [Figure 8] Diagram explaining the relationship between the wide-area demand-supply adjustment device and each area according to the first embodiment [Figure 9] Diagram explaining the adjustment power of each area in the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the first embodiment [Figure 10] Diagram explaining the adjustment power of each generator in the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the first embodiment [Figure 11] Diagram explaining the remaining capacity of the time-series adjustment power in the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the first embodiment [Figure 12]Figure showing the LFC model according to the merit order in the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the second embodiment [Figure 13] Figure for explaining the distribution method based on the price difference in the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the second embodiment [Figure 14] Figure showing the price for increasing output and the price for decreasing output of each generator in the wide-area demand-supply adjustment system according to the second embodiment [Figure 15] Figure for explaining the product classification

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0014] [First Embodiment] [1-1. Configuration] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, as an example of this embodiment, a wide-area demand-supply adjustment system will be described. In this embodiment, when there are a plurality of devices or members having the same configuration, they will be described with the same number, and when each individual device or member having the same configuration is described, they will be distinguished by adding an alphabetical suffix to the common number.

[0015] (1) Overall configuration of the system Figure 1 shows a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 includes a power supply and demand control device 2 and a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. Generally, what corresponds to the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is called a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system, but in this embodiment, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 includes both the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 and the power supply and demand control device 2. The area to be controlled by one power supply and demand control device 2 is called one area. Two or more areas are called a wide area. As shown in Figure 2, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is connected to power supply and demand control devices 2 in multiple areas. The power grid 9 includes multiple generators 91, renewable energy power generation equipment 92, and detection devices 93. The power supply and demand control device 2 is connected to multiple generators 91, renewable energy power generation equipment 92, and detection devices 93. Power grid 9a is connected to other power grids 9b via interconnection lines. Each generator 91 is also connected to the power supply and demand control device 2 by a detection signal line 97 and a control signal line 98.

[0016] In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment, the following data is input, output, transmitted / received, or stored. Furthermore, "regional demand power" may be referred to as "AR," "load frequency control" as "LFC (Load Frequency Control)," and "economic load distribution control" as "EDC (ELD; Economic Load Dispatch Control)." "Actual demand value" refers to the value of the power actually generated (power generation terminal value), not the power actually supplied. Data a1 (Generator output power value) Data b1 (Electricity generated from renewable energy sources) Data c1 (frequency change ΔF) Data c2 (Change in power flow ΔPT) Data c3 (Power exchange P0) Data d1 (Power generation target value) Data f1 (AR value) Data f2 (smoothed AR value) Data f3 (AR allocation value) Data g1 (Real-time EDC value) Data g2 (Individual Benefit Order List) Data g3 (LFC operating amount already used) Data h1 (AR value after netting) Data h2 (control share) Data h3 (LFC control output command)

[0017] (2) Generator 91 The generator 91 is a power supply facility that generates electricity to be supplied to the power grid 9a. As an example, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment has generators 91a to 91n. For example, generator 91a is composed of a high-speed machine such as a hydraulic machine with a fast rate of output change. For example, generator 91b is composed of a medium-speed machine such as an oil-fired power plant with a somewhat slow rate of output change. For example, generator 91n is composed of a low-speed machine such as a coal-fired power plant with an extremely slow rate of output change. Generator 91 may be composed of generators having any power generation speed.

[0018] The generator 91 is connected to the power supply and demand control device 2. The generator 91 transmits data a1 (generator power output value) to the power supply and demand control device 2 via the detection signal line 97. The generator 91 also receives data d1 (target power output value) from the power supply and demand control device 2 via the control signal line 98 and controls the power output based on data d1 (target power output value). Note that the number of generators 91a to 91n can be any number.

[0019] (3) Renewable energy power generation equipment 92 The renewable energy power generation equipment 92 is a power supply facility that generates electricity using natural energy sources such as solar and wind power, and supplies the generated electricity to the power grid 9a. As an example, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment has renewable energy power generation equipment 92a to 92n. The renewable energy power generation equipment 92 transmits data b1 (renewable energy power generation value) to the power supply and demand control device 2. Note that the number of renewable energy power generation equipment 92a to 92n may be any number.

[0020] (4) Detection device 93 The detection device 93 is a measuring device that detects the amount of electricity in the power system 9a. The detection device 93 is installed in the power system 9a. The detection device 93 detects data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (exchange power P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line and transmits them to the power supply and demand control device 2.

[0021] (5) Power supply and demand control device 2 The power supply and demand control device 2 is composed of a computer and the like. The power supply and demand control device 2 is located in a control room or the like where power is monitored and controlled. The power supply and demand control device 2 receives data a1 (generator power output value) transmitted from the generator 91, data b1 (renewable energy power output value) transmitted from the renewable energy power generation equipment 92, and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (exchange power P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line transmitted from the detection device 93. The power supply and demand control device 2 transmits data d1 (target power output value) to the generator 91.

[0022] The power supply and demand control device 2 includes an input unit 21, an output unit 22, a target value creation unit 23, an AR calculation unit 24, an AR smoothing unit 25, an AR distribution unit 26, a real-time EDC calculation unit 27, an AR transmission unit 31, an information transmission unit 32, an LFC control output command receiving unit 33, and a switching unit 34.

[0023] The input unit 21, output unit 22, AR transmission unit 31, information transmission unit 32, and LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 are composed of hardware. The target value creation unit 23, AR calculation unit 24, AR smoothing unit 25, AR distribution unit 26, real-time EDC calculation unit 27, and switching unit 34 are composed of software modules as functional blocks.

[0024] The input unit 21 is composed of a receiving circuit. The input side of the input unit 21 is connected to the generator 91 via the signal line 97, and the output side is connected to the target value creation unit 23. The input unit 21 receives data a1 (generator power output value) transmitted from the generator 91. The input unit 21 transmits data a1 (generator power output value) to the target value creation unit 23.

[0025] The output unit 22 is composed of a transmission circuit. The input side of the output unit 22 is connected to the target value creation unit 23, and the output side is connected to the generator 91 via a signal line 98. The output unit 22 transmits the data d1 (power generation target value) input from the target value creation unit 23 to the generator 91.

[0026] The target value creation unit 23 has its input side connected to the input unit 21, the switching unit 34, and the real-time EDC calculation unit 27, and its output side connected to the output unit 22. The target value creation unit 23 receives data a1 (generator power output value) from the input unit 21 and either data f3 (AR distribution value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) from the switching unit 34. The target value creation unit 23 receives data g1 (real-time EDC value) from the real-time EDC calculation unit 27.

[0027] The target value creation unit 23 creates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data a1 (generator power generation value), data g1 (real-time EDC value), and either data f3 (AR distribution value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) selected by the switching unit 34, and transmits it to the output unit 22.

[0028] The AR calculation unit 24 has its input side connected to the renewable energy power generation equipment 92 and the detection device 93, and its output side connected to the AR smoothing unit 25 and the AR transmission unit 31. The AR calculation unit 24 receives data b1 (renewable energy power generation value) from the renewable energy power generation equipment 92, and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (exchange power P0) from the detection device 93.

[0029] The AR calculation unit 24 calculates the AR value based on data b1 (renewable energy power generation value), data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (exchange power P0), and transmits data f1 (AR value) to the AR smoothing unit 25 and the AR transmission unit 31.

[0030] The AR smoothing unit 25 is connected to the AR calculation unit 24 on its input side and to the AR distribution unit 26 on its output side. The AR smoothing unit 25 receives data f1 (AR value) from the AR calculation unit 24. Based on the data f1 (AR value), the AR smoothing unit 25 performs frequency decomposition and transmits data f2 (smoothed AR value) to the AR distribution unit 26.

[0031] The AR distribution unit 26 has its input side connected to the AR smoothing unit 25 and its output side connected to the switching unit 34. The AR distribution unit 26 receives data f2 (smoothed AR value) from the AR smoothing unit 25. Based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value), the AR distribution unit 26 calculates the power distribution for each generator 91 and transmits data f3 (AR distribution value) to the switching unit 34. The data f3 (AR distribution value) is the adjustment amount distributed to each generator 91 and is calculated based on the merit order of the generators 91.

[0032] Furthermore, the AR distribution unit 26 distributes data f3 (AR distribution value) according to the operating capacity of the generator 91. The operating capacity is, for example, the response time until the generator 91 is activated. The AR distribution unit 26 transmits data f3 (AR distribution value) to each target value creation unit 23 to the switching unit 34.

[0033] The AR transmission unit 31 is composed of a transmission circuit. The AR transmission unit 31 transmits the data f1 (AR value) calculated by the AR calculation unit 24 to the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0034] The information transmission unit 32 consists of a transmission circuit and a storage device. The information transmission unit 32 transmits information related to pre-set and stored data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already LFC operating amount) to the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0035] The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 is composed of a receiving circuit. The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 receives data h3 (LFC control output command), which will be described later, from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 and transmits it to the switching unit 34.

[0036] The switching unit 34 selects either data f3 (AR allocation value) transmitted from the AR allocation unit 26 or data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the LFC control output command receiving unit 33, and transmits it to each of the target value creation units 23a to 23n.

[0037] The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 has its input side connected to the AR smoothing unit 25 and its output side connected to each target value creation unit 23. The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 receives data f2 (smoothed AR value) from the AR smoothing unit 25. The AR smoothing unit 25 may be located within the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0038] The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 performs economic load allocation based on data f2 (smoothed AR value) and calculates data g1 (real-time EDC value) for each generator 91 as the result of the economic load allocation calculation, based on the merit order of the generators 91.

[0039] Data g1 (real-time EDC value) is the power generation value that has been scheduled and allocated to each generator 91 in order to be economical for the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 as a whole.

[0040] Furthermore, the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 allocates the area imbalance amount for EDC in its area based on the merit order of the generators 91. The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 allocates the area imbalance amount in accordance with the EDC cycle.

[0041] Area imbalance is the difference between the amount of electricity allocated and the amount of electricity requested for a given area in a future time period. If the requested amount of electricity is greater than the allocated amount (i.e., the AR value is positive), it means a shortage of area imbalance = a shortage of electricity to be procured. Conversely, if the requested amount of electricity is less than the allocated amount (i.e., the AR value is negative), it means an excess of area imbalance = an excess of electricity to be procured.

[0042] The data g1 (real-time EDC value) calculated and allocated by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 is transmitted to the target value creation unit 23. The target value creation unit 23 creates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data a1 (generator power generation value), data g1 (real-time EDC value), and either data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) selected by the switching unit 34, and transmits it to the output unit 22.

[0043] (6) Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is composed of a computer system. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a higher-level control device that issues commands for control amounts to the power supply and demand control devices 2 installed in each power system 9. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is located in a control room or similar facility that monitors and controls each power system 9.

[0044] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 includes a netting unit 51, a control load calculation unit 52, and a power supply command creation unit 53.

[0045] The netting unit 51 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on the data f1 (AR value) for each area, the netting unit 51 performs netting of AR values ​​in order to calculate the adjustment amount for the entire area. The operation of determining the control amount is called netting. The netting unit 51 transmits the netted AR value as data h1 (post-netting AR value) to the control share calculation unit 52.

[0046] The control load calculation unit 52 receives data h1 (AR value after netting) from the netting unit 51. The control load calculation unit 52 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already LFC operation amount) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on data h1 (AR value after netting), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (already LFC operation amount), the control load calculation unit 52 calculates the control load for the generators in each area. The control load calculation unit 52 transmits the calculated control load as data h2 (control load) to each power command creation unit 53.

[0047] Each power command generation unit 53 receives data h2 (control load) from the control load calculation unit 52. Based on the data h2 (control load), each power command generation unit 53 calculates command values ​​for the generators in each area. Each power command generation unit 53 transmits the calculated command values ​​for the generators in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

[0048] The above describes the configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1.

[0049] [1-2. Effect] First, I will explain the general power supply and demand control methods currently in place.

[0050] [General power supply and demand control] The load on the power system fluctuates depending on the season and time of day. These load fluctuations can be categorized into the following three types: (a), (b), and (c). (i) Cyclic component: A small-period load fluctuation ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes is called a cyclic component. It is thought to be a superposition of pulsating components with various oscillation periods and small fluctuation amplitudes, as well as irregular fluctuation components. (b) Fringe: Short-period load fluctuations ranging from a few minutes to about 10 minutes are called fringe. (h) Sustaining component: Load fluctuations with a period of 10 minutes or more are called sustaining components.

[0051] Of the cyclic components, which are minute-period load fluctuations, extremely short-period load fluctuations are adjusted according to the load characteristics of the power grid. Of the cyclic components, load fluctuations with periods of several minutes or longer than those mentioned above are adjusted by the governors of power plants operating in governor-free mode. Of the cyclic components, load fluctuations with periods even longer than those mentioned above are controlled and adjusted by power supply and demand control devices installed in the power company's central dispatch center.

[0052] Fringe load fluctuations, which are short-period load fluctuations, are larger in magnitude than cyclic load fluctuations and cannot be adjusted by governor-free operation alone. Fringe load fluctuations are adjusted by Load Frequency Control (LFC), which controls the generator output based on the detected frequency deviation and power fluctuation.

[0053] Sustain load fluctuations, which are long-period load fluctuations, have a large magnitude and can be considered part of the load fluctuations in the daily load curve. Sustain load fluctuations cannot be adjusted to the desired power output through load frequency control because the generator's power generation capacity is insufficient. Sustain load fluctuations are adjusted by economic load dispatch (EDC), which is a method of economically operating the power plant.

[0054] Load frequency control and economic load allocation control are important functions of power supply and demand control devices installed in the central dispatch centers of power companies. Load frequency control (LFC) aims to maintain constant interconnection line power flow and grid frequency. Economic load allocation control (EDC) aims to perform the most economical power operation. Hereinafter, load frequency control (LFC) and economic load allocation control (EDC) will be collectively referred to as supply and demand control.

[0055] Load frequency control (LFC) is performed by adjusting the output of each generator in accordance with the grid frequency and the power flow in the interconnection lines with other grids. Output adjustment for load frequency control (LFC) is not performed on all generators, but rather on high-speed machines such as hydroelectric power plants and medium-speed machines such as oil-fired power plants that can respond to relatively rapid output fluctuations.

[0056] Load frequency control (LFC) output adjustment is generally not performed on low-speed machines such as coal-fired power plants, nuclear power units, or generators where output fluctuations should be avoided during operation. Load frequency control (LFC) is performed on each generator from the power supply and demand control device at the central dispatch center of each power company, and there is a delay of several tens of seconds before the output changes to the desired value.

[0057] Load frequency control (LFC) is classified into the following three types: (a) Constant Frequency Control (FFC): A control method that detects the frequency change (ΔF), adjusts the generator output to reduce ΔF, and controls the system to maintain only the grid frequency at a specified value. (b) Constant Power Control (FTC): A control method that detects the change in power flow (ΔPT) in the interconnection line, adjusts the output of the generator to reduce ΔPT, and controls the system to maintain only the power flow in the interconnection line at a specified value. (c) Frequency Bias Interconnection Line Power Control (TBC): A control method that detects the change in frequency (ΔF) and the change in power flow in the interconnection line (ΔPT), calculates the regional power requirement (AR), and controls the output of the generator according to the regional power requirement (AR).

[0058] Currently, frequency bias interconnection line power control (TBC) is widely adopted in Japan. Frequency bias interconnection line power control (TBC) is performed on each generator from power supply and demand control devices installed in the central dispatching stations of each power company. The control related to frequency bias interconnection line power control (TBC) is carried out according to the following procedure.

[0059] (Procedure a1: Calculation of Regional Power Demand (AR)) Regional power requirements (AR) are calculated based on the frequency change (ΔF) and the interconnection line power flow change (ΔPT). AR = -K·ΔF + ΔPT ...(Formula 1) AR:Regional power requirement [MW] K: System constant [MW / Hz] ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz] ΔPT: Interconnection current change [MW] Interconnection line power flow change (ΔPT) is the change in power flow in the interconnection line. In the above (Equation 1), the power flow direction of the power flowing into the system is assumed to be a positive value. If the value of regional power demand (AR) is positive, the output of the power generation units in the entire system is increased. If the regional power demand (AR) is negative, the output of the power generation units in the entire system is decreased.

[0060] (Step a2: Filtering regional power demand (AR)) Based on past regional power demand (AR), filtering is performed using exponential smoothing or similar methods to calculate the adjustment amount for allocating regional power demand (AR) to low-speed and high-speed machines. Machines with slow output change rates, such as thermal power generators, are considered low-speed machines. Machines with fast output change rates, such as hydroelectric power generators, are considered high-speed machines. Alternatively, the regional power demand (AR) can be frequency-decomposed, and the adjustment amount can be calculated to allocate power with short fluctuation periods to high-speed machines and power with long fluctuation periods to low-speed machines.

[0061] (Step a3: Distribution to the generator) The regional demand (AR) is filtered or frequency-decomposed, and the calculated adjustment amount is allocated to each generator. The allocation is performed for all generators undergoing supply and demand adjustment, based on the generator's output change rate or output margin, separately for low-speed and high-speed generators.

[0062] (Procedure a4: Calculation of target command value) The target command value for each generator is calculated. The target command value for each generator is calculated by adding the allocated regional demand power (AR) and the real-time EDC or current output calculated by Economic Load Distribution Control (EDC). The target command value may be set within upper and lower limits established so as not to deviate from certain standard values.

[0063] (Step a5: The generator output fluctuates) Upon receiving the target command value, each generator adjusts its output. As a result, the grid frequency and interconnection line current change. Then, return to step a1 and repeat the above procedure.

[0064] [General Economic Load Allocation (EDC)] Economic Load Coordination (EDC) is applied to slow power load fluctuations observed in the daily load curve. These slow power load fluctuations can be predicted with high accuracy based on historical data. The control amount for each generator involved in Economic Load Coordination (EDC) is calculated to minimize fuel costs in response to the predicted power load fluctuations. The equal-increment fuel cost law (equal-λ method) is often used to calculate the control amount for each generator involved in Economic Load Coordination (EDC).

[0065] The following describes an example of the equal-increment fuel cost law (equal-λ method), which is widely used by Japanese power companies. Economic load distribution control (EDC) is performed on each generator from the power supply and demand control device installed in the central dispatch center of each power company. The control related to economic load distribution control (EDC) is carried out according to the following procedure.

[0066] (Step b1: Setting the initial value of λ) First, we set an initial value for λ, which corresponds to the fuel cost for the incremental fuel.

[0067] (Procedure b2: Calculation of control values ​​for each generator) Next, the control amount for each generator is calculated to be equal to λ, which corresponds to the fuel cost for the incremental fuel. The control amount is set to the minimum output value if it is below the minimum output value, and to the maximum output value if it is above the maximum output value.

[0068] (Step b3: Calculation of the total output power) Next, calculate the sum of the output power from each generator.

[0069] (Step b4: Resetting λ) If the sum of the output power calculated in step b3 is less than the load, increase λ; if the sum of the output power exceeds the load, decrease λ and reset λ. Repeat steps b2 to b4 until the difference between the sum of the output power and the load falls within a certain value.

[0070] With the recent reforms to the power system, the current power companies' generation, transmission and distribution, and retail businesses will be legally separated into transmission and distribution, generation, and retail businesses. Traditionally, when adjusting power supply and demand and frequency, power companies secured the necessary supply and demand adjustment capacity within their own companies. With the reforms to the power system, power companies will secure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market. The product menu in the supply and demand adjustment market is planned as 10 categories corresponding to "primary adjustment capacity," "secondary adjustment capacity," and "tertiary adjustment capacity" (up and down) for each control category, as shown in Figure 15 as an example.

[0071] Ancillary services are the operations that ensure high-quality power supply, such as maintaining the frequency of the entire grid. Traditionally, ancillary services were performed by general electric utilities using their own generators. Under the new licensing system based on the supply and demand adjustment market, future ancillary services will be performed by general transmission and distribution companies.

[0072] In future ancillary services, power sources necessary to ensure power quality will be procured as balancing power by general transmission and distribution operators from power generators, etc., and the costs necessary to secure balancing power will be recovered by the general transmission and distribution operators as transmission charges. This system is expected to promote the participation and competition of a wider range of power generators, etc., leading to an increase in the amount of electricity that can be procured as balancing power, improved power quality, and more efficient utilization of balancing power. This system is based on the premise that the procurement of balancing power will be carried out by general transmission and distribution operators, while ensuring fairness and transparency. The specific details of the procedures are left to each general transmission and distribution operator.

[0073] Going forward, general transmission and distribution operators will be required to ensure a high-quality power supply across the entire grid. Since supply and demand adjustment capacity will be secured through the supply and demand adjustment market, general transmission and distribution operators will adjust supply and demand and frequency based on merit order.

[0074] Traditionally, in each area's power grid, power supply and demand control devices for each area controlled and operated supply and demand adjustment capabilities based on the area's regional demand (AR). In the future, wide-area procurement and operation of electricity will begin through the supply and demand adjustment market. In the future, the regional demand (AR) in each area's power grid will be netted, and the netted regional demand (AR) will be instructed to each area's power grid as the control amount for load frequency control (LFC), as shown in Figures 6 and 7.

[0075] However, because the control amount for load frequency control (LFC) is commanded to multiple areas, the adjustment force becomes unevenly distributed in certain areas, making it difficult to ensure control performance.

[0076] In order to ensure the control performance of power system 9, it is desirable that the control amount for load frequency control (LFC) is commanded in a way that does not cause the adjustment force to be unevenly distributed in a certain area.

[0077] Furthermore, in the supply and demand adjustment market, it is envisioned that adjustment capacity will not only be subdivided (10 product categories), but also procured on a wider geographical basis. Currently, adjustment capacity is procured only within a specific area. In order to procure adjustment capacity on a wider geographical basis in the future, it is desirable to establish a system that sends control signals to multiple areas in real time.

[0078] [Operation of Wide-Area Supply and Demand Adjustment System 1] Next, the operation of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment will be explained based on Figures 1 to 4. In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment, power supply and demand control devices 2 in multiple areas are controlled in coordination by the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, as shown in Figure 2. In this embodiment, two or more areas are referred to as a wide area. The supply and demand adjustment method in this embodiment mainly targets the product classification of secondary adjustment power related to the LFC function in Figure 15. The generator 91, which is the adjustment power source for supply and demand adjustment, includes not only thermal and hydroelectric power plants, but also storage batteries and DR, etc.

[0079] (Operation of the power supply and demand control device 2) Figure 3 shows the operation flow of the power supply and demand control device 2. The program shown in Figure 3 is built into the power supply and demand control device 2. The power supply and demand control devices 2, which are located in multiple areas in this embodiment, receive data h3 (LFC control output command) from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The power supply and demand control device 2 performs operations and calculations according to the following procedure.

[0080] (Step S20: Calculation of data f1 (AR value)) The detection device 93 detects data c1 (frequency change ΔF), data c2 (power flow change ΔPT), and data c3 (power exchange P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line and transmits them to the power supply and demand control device 2. The renewable energy power generation equipment 92 transmits data b1 (renewable energy power generation value) to the power supply and demand control device 2.

[0081] The AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 receives the following signals. The following signals were transmitted from detection device 3 Data c1 (frequency change ΔF) Data c2 (Change in power flow ΔPT) Data c3 (Power exchange P0) The following signal was transmitted from renewable energy power generation equipment 92. Data b1 (Electricity generated from renewable energy sources)

[0082] The AR calculation unit 24 calculates data f1 (AR value) based on data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT), data c3 (exchange power P0), and data b1 (renewable energy generation power value) using (Equation 1). Equation 1 is shown again below. In Equation 1, AR is data f1 (AR value). AR = -K·ΔF + ΔPT ...(Formula 1) AR:Regional power requirement [MW] K: System constant [MW / Hz] ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz] ΔPT: Interconnection current change [MW] In the above (Equation 1), the direction of power flow into the grid is assumed to be a positive value.

[0083] (Step S30: Sending data f1 (AR value)) The AR transmission unit 31 transmits the data f1 (AR value) calculated in step S20 to the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0084] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (previous LFC operation amount) from the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area. Based on data f1 (AR value), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (previous LFC operation amount), the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the adjustment amount for each area or the adjustment amount for each generator in each area, and transmits it as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area.

[0085] (Step S31: Reception of data h3 (LFC control output command)) The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 receives data h3 (LFC control output command) from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 and transmits it to the switching unit 34.

[0086] (Step S21: Calculation of data f2 (smoothed AR value)) The AR smoothing unit 25 calculates data f2 (smoothed AR value) based on data f1 (AR value) calculated in step S20. Data f2 (smoothed AR value) is calculated by frequency decomposition of data f1 (AR value) using Fourier expansion.

[0087] (Step S22: Calculation of data f3 (AR allocation value)) The AR distribution unit 26 calculates data f3 (AR distribution value) based on the frequency-decomposed data f2 (smoothed AR value) obtained in step S21. Data f3 (AR distribution value) is the adjustment amount for each generator 91a, 91b, and 91n, and is calculated according to the output response speed or output margin of the generator 91.

[0088] (Step S32: Selection of data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command)) The switching unit 34 selects and outputs either data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) calculated in step S22. For example, if an accident occurs in the power supply and demand control device 2 or power system 9 in another area, the switching unit 34 selects data f3 (AR allocation value). If there is no abnormality in the power supply and demand control device 2 or power system 9 in another area, the switching unit 34 selects data h3 (LFC control output command). The switching unit 34 selects either data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) by switching.

[0089] (Step S204: Calculation of data g1 (real-time EDC value)) The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 executes step S204 in parallel with steps S20 to S22 described above. Based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value) calculated in step S21, the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 calculates data g1 (real-time EDC value). Data g1 (real-time EDC value) is calculated by allocating the economic load to each generator 91a, 91b, and 91n according to the merit order of the generators 91a, 91b, and 91n.

[0090] (Step S23: Calculation of data d1 (power generation target value)) The target value creation unit 23 calculates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data f3 (AR allocation value) calculated in step S22 and data g1 (real-time EDC value) calculated by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 in step S204. For each of the target value creation units 23a, 23b, and 23n, data d1 (power generation target value) is calculated for each of the generators 91a, 91b, and 91bn.

[0091] (Step S24: Sending data d1 (power generation target value)) The target value creation unit 23 transmits the data d1 (power generation target value) calculated in step S23 to the output unit 22. The data d1 (power generation target value) is transmitted to output units 22a, 22b, and 22n, respectively.

[0092] (Step S25: Sending command for data d1 (power generation target value)) The output unit 22 transmits the data d1 (target power generation value) received in step S24 to the generator 91. The data d1 (target power generation value) is transmitted to each generator 91a, 91b, and 91n from the output units 22a, 22b, and 22n, respectively. As a result, each generator 91a, 91b, and 91n outputs power corresponding to the data d1 (target power generation value).

[0093] Figure 5 shows the general control logic in the AR distribution unit 26 when processing using the output rate of change ratio. The general AR distribution when processing using the output rate of change ratio is performed in the following procedure. First, the product of the frequency deviation and the grid capacity is calculated by AR calculation. Next, the difference between the product of the frequency deviation multiplied by the coefficient K and the grid capacity, and the power flow deviation at the interconnection point is frequency-decomposed and smoothed. The smoothed difference is further PI-controlled, excluding the dead zone, and distributed to the command value for each generator 91.

[0094] (Operation of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5) The netting unit 51 calculates the total amount of adjustment data h1 (post-netting AR value) for the entire area to be controlled, based on the data f1 (AR value). The data f1 (AR value) is the power required for each area to be controlled, and is calculated by the power supply and demand control device 2 for each area.

[0095] The control load calculation unit 52 distributes the total amount of data h1 (AR value after netting), which is the adjustment amount for the entire area calculated by the netting unit 51, to each of the areas to be controlled, and calculates data h2 (control load). Data h2 (control load) may be calculated as the control load for each area, or as the control load for each generator in each area.

[0096] The control load calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control load) by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that the generators in the area can generate. This data is then used to determine at least one of the control loads for each area or for each generator in the area.

[0097] Each power command generation unit 53 creates command value data h3 (LFC control output command) for each area based on the data h2 (control load) calculated by the control load calculation unit 52. The data h2 (control load) is calculated by the control load calculation unit 52 as the control load for each area and the control load for each generator in each area.

[0098] In the conventional technology, the AR distribution unit 26 distributed data f2 (smoothed AR value) to each generator 91 on an area-by-area basis when distributing imbalances to the generators 91. In the future, as a supply and demand adjustment market will be established, the adjustment amount will be calculated including the adjustment cost using the merit order method. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 will distribute the adjustment amount calculated including the adjustment cost using the merit order method to each generator 91.

[0099] The AR allocation unit 26 calculates the adjustment amount for each generator 91 in each area. Meanwhile, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the adjustment amount for each area based on the imbalance in the wide area that integrates each area. The allocation of adjustment costs to each area by the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 using the merit order method is carried out according to the procedure shown in Figure 7.

[0100] In other words, in conventional technology, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, when increasing the output of the generators 91 (increasing adjustment capacity), extracts and distributes the generators 91 from each area in order of lowest unit price. When decreasing the output of the generators 91 (decreasing adjustment capacity), the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, when decreasing the output of the generators 91, extracts and distributes the generators 91 from each area in order of highest unit price.

[0101] For example, as shown in Figure 8, let's assume there are four areas, with many generators 91 with low adjustment costs in Area A and many generators 91 with high adjustment costs in Area D. In the conventional wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, a large portion of the output increase will be allocated to Area A. As a result, there may be insufficient upward adjustment capacity in Area A, potentially leading to poor controllability. Also, in the conventional wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, a large portion of the output decrease will be allocated to Area D. As a result, there may be insufficient downward adjustment capacity in Area D, potentially leading to poor controllability.

[0102] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to this embodiment calculates the adjustment amount according to the magnitude of the adjustment force in each area in order to suppress the uneven distribution of adjustment force in a certain area.

[0103] The netting unit 51 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on the data f1 (AR value) for each area, the netting unit 51 performs netting of AR values ​​in order to calculate the adjustment amount for the entire area. The operation of determining the control amount is called netting. The netting unit 51 transmits the netted AR value as data h1 (post-netting AR value) to the control share calculation unit 52.

[0104] The control load calculation unit 52 receives data h1 (AR value after netting) from the netting unit 51. The control load calculation unit 52 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already LFC operation amount) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on data h1 (AR value after netting), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (already LFC operation amount), the control load calculation unit 52 calculates the control load for the generators in each area. The data h2 (control load) for the generators in each area is calculated by the following procedure.

[0105] For example, as shown in Figure 9, if there are adjustment capacities of 100MW, 50MW, 30MW, and 80MW for each area A, B, C, and D, respectively, the amount of adjustment allocated to each area will be as shown in (Equation 2). Adjustment capacity is the power used for the surplus power that can be generated. The adjustment capacities of 100MW, 50MW, 30MW, and 80MW for each area A, B, C, and D are the sum of the power (ΔkW) used for the adjustment capacity of the generators 91 that are predetermined or secured in advance through bidding.

number

[0106] Equation (2) is used as the data h2 (control load). The control load calculation unit 52 transmits the calculated data h2 (control load) to each power command creation unit 53.

[0107] According to the above, the adjustment amount for each area related to the data h2 (control share) calculated by the control share calculation unit 52 is calculated by (Equation 2) based on the power (ΔkW) related to the adjustment capacity of each predetermined area or the adjustment capacity of each generator 91 secured in advance by bidding. However, the calculation of the adjustment amount is not limited to the above.

[0108] As shown in Figure 11, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 may calculate the adjustment amount by allocating the imbalance based on the ratio of the surplus upward adjustment capacity and the surplus downward adjustment capacity at that time, based on the current output value of the generator 91 which changes moment by moment. The surplus upward adjustment capacity is calculated by (Equation 5), and the surplus downward adjustment capacity is calculated by (Equation 6).

[0109] Upward adjustment power = min[(Amount of adjustment capacity to be secured), (BG planned value + amount of adjustment capacity to be secured - current output)] ...(Formula 5) Downward adjustment force = max[(Reduction adjustment capacity), (Current output - BG planned value + Reduction adjustment capacity)] ...(Formula 6) The upward adjusting force in (Equation 5) and the downward adjusting force in (Equation 6) are replaced by the adjusting forces in each of the equations in (Equation 2).

[0110] Each power command generation unit 53 receives data h2 (control load) from the control load calculation unit 52. Based on the data h2 (control load), each power command generation unit 53 calculates command values ​​for the generators in each area.

[0111] Each power command generation unit 53 calculates the adjustment amount for each area based on the data h2 (control share) calculated by the control share calculation unit 52, then allocates it based on the merit order method or existing output change rate ratio, and calculates the adjustment amount for each generator 91. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 10, for example, the adjustment amount for each individual generator 91 may be directly determined based on the adjustment force information of each individual generator 91 within each area. For example, the adjustment amount GA-1 for one generator 91 in area A is shown in (Equation 3), and the adjustment amount GA-4 for one generator 91 in area D is shown in (Equation 4).

number

number

[0112] Each power command generation unit 53 transmits the command values ​​for the generators in each area, calculated by (Equation 3) and (Equation 4), as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

[0113] According to this embodiment, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 calculates the amount of adjustment that is distributed according to the adjustment capacity when an imbalance occurs. This suppresses the concentration of adjustment capacity in a particular area and provides a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system that can efficiently adjust power supply and demand over a wide area.

[0114] [1-3. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 includes a netting unit 51 that calculates the total amount of data h1 (netted AR value), which is the total adjustment amount for the entire multiple areas, based on the power (AR value) requested for each of the multiple areas to be controlled, and distributes the total amount of data h1 (netted AR value), which is the total adjustment amount for the entire multiple areas calculated by the netting unit 51, to each of the multiple areas, and at least one of the control share of each of the multiple areas and the control share of each generator 91 in the multiple areas is distributed as data h2 (control share The device includes a control load calculation unit 52 that calculates a control load amount as a quantity, and a power supply command creation unit 53 that creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each of the multiple areas, based on at least one of the data h2 (control load amount) relating to the control load amount of each of the multiple areas calculated by the control load calculation unit 52 and the control load amount of each generator 91 in the multiple areas. Therefore, it is possible to provide a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 5 that can suppress the uneven distribution of adjustment power in a certain area and efficiently adjust power supply and demand over a wide area.

[0115] (2) According to this embodiment, the control load calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control load) which is at least one of the control load for each area and the control load for each generator in the area, by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the power currently supplied and the power requested, based on the adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that the generators in the area can generate. As a result, data h2 (control load) is distributed according to the adjustment capacity, suppressing the concentration of adjustment capacity in certain areas and enabling efficient power supply and demand adjustment over a wide area.

[0116] (3) According to this embodiment, the power supply and demand control device 2 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 includes an AR calculation unit 24 that calculates the requested power (AR value) required for the area composed of the generators 91 to be controlled, an AR distribution unit 26 that calculates data f3 (AR distribution value), which is the distribution value for each generator 91, based on the requested power (AR value) calculated by the AR calculation unit 24, and a target value creation unit that switches between data f3 (AR distribution value) calculated by the AR distribution unit 26 and data h3 (LFC control output command), which is the command value created by each power command creation unit 53. The power supply and demand control device 2 in the area has a switching unit 34 that transmits to 23, and when data f3 (AR distribution value) is output from the switching unit 34, the target value creation unit 23 replaces the command value data h3 (LFC control output command) created by each power command creation unit 53 with power generation target value data d1 (power generation target value) for the generator 91 that is the target of control, so that even if an accident occurs in the power supply and demand control device 2 or power system 9 in another area, the power supply and demand control device 2 in the area can adjust the power supply and demand for the generator 91.

[0117] [2. Second Embodiment] [2-1. Structure and Function] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment will now be described. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment differs from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment in that the calculation performed by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is different. The configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0118] In the following description, we will explain the operation that differs from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. We will omit the explanation of the operation that is the same as the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0119] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment prioritizes controllability in its allocation by distributing imbalances to generators 91 in each area according to the adjustment capacity of each area, thereby suppressing uneven distribution between areas.

[0120] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment weights the output change rate and merit order of the generators 91, and by combining the two and distributing the imbalance to the generators 91 in each area, it performs an economical and controllable distribution that can flexibly respond to various grid conditions.

[0121] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment calculates at least one of the control share for each area and the control share for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share) by performing calculations in which the contributions of calculations related to controllability and calculations related to economics in the area are set by weighting.

[0122] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment performs the following calculations.

[0123] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area, and based on the data f1 (AR value), distributes the netted imbalance in the wide area, which integrates each area, to the generators 91 in each area, and transmits it as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area. The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment distributes the netted imbalance to each generator 91 according to the merit order.

[0124] The imbalance (AR) after netting is allocated based on the planned value, the current output, or both the planned value and the current output. Figure 12 shows a schematic block diagram illustrating the calculation in the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The generator 91 targeted by LFC is sometimes called an LFC generator. The value after considering the change amount constraint between control cycles from the LFC allocation amount (ΔP) (ΔP') is the planned value (P) of each LFC generator. PLAN ) or current output (P NOWThe power supply command creation unit 53 distributes the data to the generators in each area and calculates the command value corresponding to the data h3 (LFC control output command). The power supply command creation unit 53 transmits the command value for the generators in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

[0125] When the imbalance (AR) is large, the amount of LFC allocated to each LFC generator (ΔP) may be greater than the amount of output change each LFC generator can handle. In this case, each generator will respond within the range in which it can change its output from its current output.

[0126] Simply sort the LFC allocation amount (ΔP) by price, then calculate the value after considering the change in amount between control cycles (ΔP') for each LFC generator, and then calculate the planned value (P) PLAN ) or current output (P NOW When allocated, a price increase command will allocate the generators in descending order of price (a price decrease command will allocate them in descending order of price), but this may reduce the number of operating generators and decrease controllability.

[0127] The following describes a calculation procedure corresponding to various power system conditions 9, which distributes the imbalance after netting to each generator according to the merit order by weighting a combination of output change rate and merit order. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates one or both of the control share of each of the multiple areas and the control share of each generator in the multiple areas by performing calculations in which the contribution of each is set by a weighting coefficient Wi for calculations related to controllability, which distributes the imbalance to multiple areas according to the adjustment capacity of multiple areas, and calculations related to economics, which distributes the imbalance to multiple areas according to the merit order.

[0128] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 distributes the netted imbalance to each generator according to the merit order using the following calculation procedure. The control load calculation unit 52 distributes the netted imbalance to each generator using the weighting coefficient Wi given by (Equation 7).

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[0129] In (Equation 7), VCi is a function of the price of each LFC generator. Ri is the rate of change in output of the LFC generator. The weighting coefficient Wi is determined solely by the price when δ=1, and proportionally to the rate of change in output when δ=0. The weight of the price difference can also be changed by the exponent m. The adjustment amount for each LFC generator is calculated by (Equation 8). Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) × Wi ...(Formula 8) In addition to the current output (current value) or planned output (BG planned value), data h3 (LFC control output command) is created.

[0130] The price function VCi is determined such that it is larger when the price is low during an upward command and larger when the price is high during a downward command. As an example, the price function VCi can be expressed as a function of (Equation 9) and (Equation 10) based on the price difference.

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[0131] In equations 9 and 10, N is the number of LFC generators used, and V is the number of LFC generators used. MAX V is the maximum price corresponding to the current value (current output) of each LFC generator. MIN is the minimum price. According to equations 9 and 10, the weighting coefficient Wi of the generator with the minimum price is maximized when an upward command is issued, and the weighting coefficient Wi of the generator with the maximum price is maximized when a downward command is issued. Figure 13 shows an example of the price difference when an upward command is issued and when a downward command is issued.

[0132] Figure 14 shows an example of adjustment costs used in the merit order method. As shown in Figure 14, the adjustment costs are set discretely and stepwise with respect to the generator output. Furthermore, there are two prices for the adjustment costs: an upward adjustment (V1) price and a downward adjustment (V2) price with respect to the output.

[0133] In the above, the adjustment amount to the LFC generator is calculated for each generator in a lump sum based on the imbalance across a wide area that integrates each area. However, similar to the first embodiment, the adjustment amount to the LFC generator may also be calculated by a two-stage calculation in which the adjustment force is first allocated to each area and then allocated to each individual generator.

[0134] According to this embodiment, the imbalance can be distributed to each generator by flexible calculations corresponding to various grid conditions, using a weighted coefficient Wi that combines the output change rate and the merit order.

[0135] [2-2. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates at least one of the control share for each area and the control share for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share) by performing calculations in which the contributions of calculations related to controllability and calculations related to economics in the area are set. Therefore, imbalances can be distributed to each generator 91 by flexible calculations that include controllability and economics corresponding to various grid conditions.

[0136] (2) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates at least one of the control share for each area and the control share for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share) by performing calculations in which the contributions of the output change rate of the generators 91 in the area and the merit order, which is a requirement based on cost benefits, are set, so that imbalances can be distributed to each generator by flexible calculations that correspond to various grid conditions using a weighting coefficient that combines the output change rate and the merit order.

[0137] [3. Third Embodiment] [3-1. Structure and Function] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment will now be described. The calculation performed by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 in the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment differs from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first and second embodiments. The configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first and second embodiments.

[0138] In the following description, we will explain the operation that differs from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first and second embodiments. We will omit the explanation of the operation that is the same as the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first and second embodiments.

[0139] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment prioritizes controllability in its allocation by distributing imbalances to generators 91 in each area according to the adjustment capacity of each area, thereby suppressing uneven distribution between areas.

[0140] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment weights the output change rate and merit order of the generators 91, and by combining the two, distributes the imbalance to the generators 91 in each area, thereby enabling a distribution that is economical and controllable, and can flexibly respond to various grid conditions.

[0141] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment prioritizes controllability in its allocation, distributing the imbalance to the generators 91 for each area according to the adjustment capacity of each area, as in the first embodiment, and also performs calculations that include both economy and controllability by weighting the output change rate and merit order of the generators 91, and combining the two to distribute the imbalance to the generators 91 for each area, as in the second embodiment.

[0142] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the third embodiment calculates at least one of the control share for each area and the control share for each generator in each area as data h2 (control share) by performing calculations in which the contributions of the first calculation and the second calculation described below are set by weighting.

[0143] The first calculation involves distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that the generators 91 in the area can generate. This calculation then calculates at least one of the control share for each area and the control share for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share).

[0144] The second calculation is performed based on parameters indicating the current power quality in the power system 9. The calculation involves weighting the contributions of calculations related to controllability and calculations related to economic efficiency in each area, and then calculating at least one of the control share for each area or the control share for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share).

[0145] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment performs the following calculations.

[0146] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment performs allocation by combining the following two types of calculations (a) and (b) which balance economic efficiency and controllability. (a) Distribution of adjusting force by weighting in the first and second embodiments (b) Distribution of adjustment force by switching adjustment methods according to the level of control performance. In the calculation in (a) above, the allocation of the adjusting force according to the first embodiment and the allocation of the adjusting force according to the second embodiment are performed by the control load calculation unit 52. In the calculation in (b) above, the allocation of the adjusting force prioritizing controllability and the allocation of the adjusting force prioritizing economic efficiency are performed by the control load calculation unit 52.

[0147] In the calculation by (a), the distribution according to the magnitude of the adjusting force according to the first embodiment and the distribution that combines the output change rate and merit order according to the second embodiment by weighting are further divided by a weighting coefficient Yi as shown in (Equation 11), and the adjusting force is distributed.

number

[0148] Here, Xi is a function calculated by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the first embodiment, and Wi is a function calculated by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment. When γ=1, the allocation prioritizes controllability, and when γ=0, the allocation prioritizes economic efficiency. The adjustment amount for each LFC generator is calculated by (Equation 12). Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) × Yi ...(Formula 12)

[0149] In the calculation by (b), the adjustment method is switched and the adjustment force is distributed according to the control status, such as the magnitude of the system frequency deviation (Δf) and imbalance (AR), which change moment by moment.

[0150] As an example, let's explain the case where the specified finished value is the instantaneous value of Δf, which is the difference between the specified value and a reference value of frequency that changes moment by moment. If Δf, which is the specified finished value as the finished state of the control, exceeds ±0.1 Hz, it is considered an emergency, and the control load calculation unit 52 allocates the adjustment force prioritizing controllability. If Δf is ±0.1 Hz or less, it is considered a normal state, and the control load calculation unit 52 switches between the function Xi according to the first embodiment and the function Wi according to the second embodiment and allocates the adjustment force prioritizing economy.

[0151] The specified finished value may be the instantaneous value of Δf, which is the difference between the frequency reference value and the frequency that changes moment by moment, or it may be the instantaneous value of the imbalance (AR). Alternatively, the specified finished value may be the average value or standard deviation of Δf or the imbalance (AR), which is the difference between the frequency reference value and the frequency over a certain period from the past to the present.

[0152] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 prioritizes controllability by distributing imbalances to the generators 91 in each area according to the adjustment capacity of each area, thereby suppressing uneven distribution between areas.

[0153] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 weights the output change rate and merit order of the generators 91, and combines the two to allocate the imbalance to the generators 91 in each area, taking into account economic efficiency and controllability.

[0154] Xi is a function of allocation based on the adjustment capacity of each area, and Wi is a function of allocation based on the output change rate of generator 91 and the weighting of the merit order.

[0155] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 weights functions Xi and Wi by γ and allocates them to the generators 91 to calculate the adjustment amount. Alternatively, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 switches functions Xi and Wi based on the finished specified value and allocates them to the generators 91 to calculate the adjustment amount. The power command creation unit 53 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 transmits the calculated adjustment amount as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

[0156] According to this embodiment, in response to imbalances, adjustment forces are distributed in a way that combines controllability and economy, and adjustment forces are distributed according to the state of control at each moment, so that adjustment forces can be flexibly distributed to respond to various system conditions.

[0157] [3-2. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates data h2 (control share) by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the power currently supplied and the power requested, based on the adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that the generators 91 in the area can generate, and calculating at least one of the control share for each area and the control share for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share); and calculations related to controllability, which distributes the imbalance to multiple areas according to the adjustment capacity of multiple areas based on parameters indicating the current power quality in the power system 9, and distributes the imbalance to multiple areas according to the merit order. In the second calculation, each calculation is performed with a set contribution to the calculations related to economic efficiency, and at least one of the control share for each area and the control share for each generator 91 in the area is calculated as data h2 (control share). In this way, in response to imbalances, adjustment power can be flexibly distributed to various grid conditions by distributing adjustment power that combines controllability and economic efficiency, and by distributing adjustment power according to the state of control at any given moment.

[0158] [4. Other Embodiments] While embodiments, including variations, have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their variations are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as in the claims and their equivalents. The following is an example.

[0159] (1) In the above embodiment, the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 calculates data g1 (real-time EDC value) and transmits it to the target value creation unit 23. When economic allocation is performed by the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 may not calculate data g1 (real-time EDC value). Alternatively, even when economic allocation is performed by the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 may calculate area-specific data g1 (real-time EDC value).

[0160] (2) In the above embodiment, the adjustment amount to which the imbalance is distributed to the generators 91 in each area by a calculation combining the output change rate and the merit order is calculated by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. However, the adjustment amount to which the imbalance is distributed to the generators 91 in each area by a calculation combining the output change rate and the merit order may be calculated by the target value creation unit 23 of the power supply and demand control device 2, either as an alternative to or in addition to the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0161] (3) In the above embodiment, the generator 91 is assumed to be a thermal, hydroelectric, or other type of generator. However, the generator 91 is not limited to this. The generator 91 may also be a storage battery or a demand response (DR) generator.

[0162] (4) In the above embodiment, the natural energy power generation equipment 92 may be a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, an ocean current power generation device, or a geothermal power generation device.

[0163] (5) In the above embodiment, the input unit 21 is a receiving circuit, but it is not limited to this. The input unit 21 may also be a memory port or a keyboard input device. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0164] 1. Regional supply and demand adjustment system 2. Power supply and demand control device 21, 21a, 21b, 21n... Input section 22,22a,22b,22n...output section 23, 23a, 23b, 23n... Target value creation section 24. AR Calculation Unit 25...AR smooth part 26. AR Distribution Department 27. Real-time EDC calculation unit 31. AR Transmitter 32. Information Transmission Section 33. LFC Control Output Command Receiving Unit 34... Switching section 5. Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 51...Netting Department 52. Control Share Calculation Unit 53...Power supply command creation unit 91, 91a, 91b, 91n... Generators 92, 92a, 92b, 92n... Renewable energy power generation equipment 93.. Detection device 97,97a,97b,97n...Signal line 98,98a,98b,98n...Signal line

Claims

1. a netting unit that calculates a total adjustment amount for all of a plurality of areas to be controlled based on the power (AR value) required for each of the areas; a control share calculation unit that distributes the total amount of adjustment for all of the plurality of areas calculated by the netting unit to each of the plurality of areas and calculates at least one of a control share for each of the plurality of areas and a control share for each generator in the plurality of areas; each power supply command creating unit that creates a command value for each of the plurality of areas based on at least one of the control share of each of the plurality of areas calculated by the control share calculating unit and the control share of each power generator in the plurality of areas; A wide-area supply and demand adjustment device.

2. the control share calculation unit calculates at least one of the control share of each of the areas and the control share of each generator in the area by distributing an imbalance, which is the difference between the power currently being supplied and the power requested, based on an adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that can be generated by the generators in the area; The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 1.

3. the control share calculation unit calculates at least one of the control share of each of the plurality of areas and the control share of each generator in the plurality of areas by a calculation relating to controllability for allocating the imbalance to the plurality of areas in accordance with the adjustment capabilities of the plurality of areas and a calculation relating to economy for allocating the imbalance to the plurality of areas in accordance with a merit order, the calculation having respective contribution levels set therein; The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 1.

4. the control share calculation unit calculates at least one of the control share of each of the areas and the control share of each of the generators in the area by a calculation in which contributions of the output change rate of the generators in the area and the merit order, which is a requirement based on cost merit, are set; The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 1.

5. The control allocation amount calculation unit a first calculation for distributing an imbalance, which is the difference between the power currently being supplied and the power requested, based on an adjustment capability, which is the surplus power that can be generated by the power generators in the area, to calculate at least one of a control allocation amount for each of the areas and a control allocation amount for each of the power generators in the area; a second calculation for calculating at least one of the control allocation amount of each of the areas and the control allocation amount of each generator in the area by calculations in which the contributions of a controllability calculation for allocating the imbalance to a plurality of areas in accordance with the adjustment capabilities of the plurality of areas and an economy calculation for allocating the imbalance to the plurality of areas in accordance with a merit order are set based on a parameter indicating the current power quality in the power system; calculating at least one of the control allocation amount for each of the areas and the control allocation amount for each power generator in the area by calculations in which the contribution degree of each calculation is set; The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 1.

6. a netting unit that calculates an adjustment amount for all of a plurality of areas based on the power (AR value) required for each of the plurality of areas to be controlled; a control share calculation unit that distributes the adjustment amount for the entire plurality of areas calculated by the netting unit to each of the plurality of areas and calculates at least one of a control share amount for each of the plurality of areas and a control share amount for each generator in the plurality of areas; each power supply command creation unit that creates a command value for each of the areas based on at least one of the control share of each of the plurality of areas calculated by the control share calculation unit and the control share of each power generator in the plurality of areas; a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device having the a target value creation unit that creates a power generation target value for the generator to be controlled based on the command value created by each of the power command creation units, and transmits the power generation target value to the generator to power generation equipment; A plurality of power supply and demand control devices; A wide-area supply and demand adjustment system.

7. The power supply and demand control device comprises: an AR calculation unit that calculates a required power (AR value) required for an area configured by the generator that is the target of control; an AR allocation unit that calculates an allocation value for each power generation facility based on the required power (AR value) calculated by the AR calculation unit; a switching unit that switches between the allocation value calculated by the AR allocation unit and the command value created by each power command creation unit and transmits the selected value to the target value creation unit; when the allocation value is output from the switching unit 34, the target value creation unit creates a power generation target value for the generator to be controlled based on the allocation value instead of the command value created by each power supply command creation unit. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 6.

8. On the computer, a netting step of calculating an adjustment amount for all of a plurality of areas to be controlled based on the power (AR value) required for each of the plurality of areas; a control share calculation step of distributing the adjustment amounts for the entire plurality of areas calculated in the netting step to each of the plurality of areas, and calculating at least one of a control share amount for each of the plurality of areas and a control share amount for each of the plurality of areas; a power supply command creation step of creating a command value for each of the plurality of areas based on at least one of the control share of each of the plurality of areas calculated in the control share calculation step and the control share of each generator in the plurality of areas; A computer program for a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device that executes the above.

9. a netting procedure for calculating an adjustment amount for all of a plurality of areas to be controlled based on the power (AR value) required for each of the areas; a control share calculation procedure in which the adjustment amount for the entire plurality of areas calculated by the netting procedure is distributed to each of the plurality of areas to calculate at least one of the control share amount for each of the plurality of areas and the control share amount for each generator in the plurality of areas; a power supply command creation step for creating a command value for each of the plurality of areas based on at least one of the control share of each of the plurality of areas calculated by the control share calculation step and the control share of each power generator in the plurality of areas; A wide-area supply and demand adjustment method.

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