Hydrocarbon composition

Abstract

The present invention provides a hydrocarbon composition containing isomerized paraffins, which has a good freezing point and is useful as a component in aviation fuel or as aviation fuel, and a method for producing the same. The present invention provides a distillation method for isomerized paraffins having a specific cutoff point in the distillation curve, the distillation method comprising: isomerizing paraffins; and distillation of isomerized paraffins having a specific cutoff point in the distillation curve; the distillation method comprises isomerizing paraffins having a specific cutoff point in the distillation curve; and distillation of isomerized paraffins having a specific cutoff point in the distillation curve; the distillation method comprises isomerizing paraff 3 A hydrocarbon composition is disclosed having a density of 14.3 to 15.1 and an average carbon number of 14.3 to 15.1. The hydrocarbon composition is useful as a fuel or fuel component, particularly jet fuel. A method for producing the hydrocarbon composition is also disclosed. The isomerized paraffins in the hydrocarbon composition can be derived from renewable sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to hydrocarbon compositions containing isomerized paraffins, and more particularly to hydrocarbon compositions having a good freezing point and useful as components in or as aviation fuels.

Background Art

[0002] Jet fuel or aviation fuel is a fuel intended for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. The most commonly used aviation fuels, Jet-A and Jet-A1, are manufactured in accordance with standardized international specifications. Jet fuels are mixtures of various hydrocarbons. Their size, molecular weight or carbon number results in the physical properties required by the product specifications, such as flash point, freezing point, boiling point range, etc. Kerosene-type jet fuels (including Jet-A and Jet-A1) typically have a carbon number distribution that is between about 8 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule.

[0003] Fossil fuel or petroleum-based fuels can be at least partially replaced by fuels of biological origin or other renewable sources. The demand for renewable aviation fuels is increasing over time due to global initiatives to reduce emissions such as GFG, CO2, etc. One possible important solution is to increase the use of renewable fuels in aviation fuels. Fuels of biological origin can include renewable feedstocks such as fats and / or oils. Several types of fuels can be obtained from these triacylglycerol-containing feedstocks. An example of a product that can be obtained from lipid feedstocks is a fuel produced from fats or oils by hydrodeoxygenation reaction at high temperature and high pressure in the presence of a catalyst.

[0004] Hydrocarbons formed from the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of triacylglycerol-containing feedstocks typically need to be isomerized before the composition meets fuel specifications. Isomerization of hydrocarbons lowers the melting point of the hydrocarbons and thereby improves the low-temperature fluidity of the composition. Isomerization of hydrocarbons is in the form of hydrocracking and, under severe reaction conditions, there is a risk of reducing the carbon number of the hydrocarbons.

[0005] Other methods for producing hydrocarbon aviation fuel from renewable sources involve hydrocracking with or without isomerization. A fraction of the hydrocarbons produced from renewable sources may be necessary to produce an aviation fuel with a good freezing point.

[0006] Patent Document 1 describes a multi-purpose fuel composition comprising petroleum-based jet fuel components and renewable jet fuel components, where the fuel composition has a freezing point of -40°C. The renewable jet fuel composition contains isomerized normal paraffins, which are derived from vegetable oils or animal fats.

[0007] Patent Document 2 describes a fuel composition comprising petroleum-based kerosene fuel and Fischer-Tropsch-derived kerosene fuel containing normal and iso-paraffins. The Fischer-Tropsch-derived kerosene component described in the document typically has a density of 730 - 770 kg / m 3 of.

[0008] The low-temperature properties of aviation fuel are extremely important to ensure proper and reliable system operation of aircraft. The freezing point of aviation fuel is an important property to ensure the pumpability of the fuel under all conditions.

[0009] The yield of components that meet the characteristics of aviation fuel is also important, especially when the components are manufactured from biological or renewable sources. The density of fuel components is an important property used in flow calculations, fuel loading, fuel tank design, metering devices, etc. Changes in fuel density can have an important impact on determining the payload and achievable range of an aircraft.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0010]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

[0011] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrocarbon composition having improved yield and density, excellent freezing point, and composition characteristics that enable the composition to be used as an aviation fuel or as a component in an aviation fuel.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, a hydrocarbon composition containing isomerized paraffin is provided, wherein the hydrocarbon composition has a T10(°C) cut-off temperature of 185 - 205°C, a T90(°C) cut-off temperature of 270 - 295°C, and a final boiling point (°C) of 275 - 300°C, and the density of the hydrocarbon composition is 768.0 - 772.0 kg / m 3 and the average carbon number of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon composition is 14.3 - 15.1.

[0013] In another embodiment of the present invention, a fuel or fuel component containing the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention is applied.

[0014] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention is provided.

[0015] Embodiments of the present invention are defined in the dependent claims and the following detailed description.

[0016] An advantage of the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention is that the composition has a high density combined with an excellent freezing point. This combination allows flexibility when blending the composition with petroleum-based aviation fuels. The excellent freezing point of the aviation fuel component is also advantageous in long-distance flights, especially at high altitudes. Aviation fuel with an excellent freezing point can also be used in adverse weather conditions and can provide safety in use under all conditions, which can be beneficial, for example, in military applications.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] Jet fuel or aviation fuel is a fuel intended for use in aircraft powered by gas turbine engines. Jet fuel needs to meet certain physical properties to be classified as jet fuel. Standards for the definition of jet fuel include at least DEF STAN 91-091 (2018), ASTM D1655-19 (Jet-A1) and ASTM D7566-19.

[0018] One of the most important properties regarding jet fuel is the freezing point. The freezing point is a measure of the temperature at which solid fuel wax particles that were visible when the composition was cooled to the temperature at which visible particles form disappear when the composition is warmed. The freezing point of jet fuel of the Jet-A (ASTM D1655-19) standard must be at least -40°C, and for Jet-A1 it must be at least -47°C. Density is another important property for any fuel, especially for jet fuel.

[0019] The low freezing point of hydrocarbon compositions is typically associated with hydrocarbons having a smaller number of carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons with a smaller number of carbon atoms also have a smaller density. Thus, paraffins with short chain lengths have a smaller density compared to paraffins with longer chain lengths. However, the freezing point is lower for short-chain paraffins.

[0020] Surprisingly, hydrocarbon compositions having a high density and a low freezing point that meet jet fuel specifications have been achieved here. This is achieved by providing specific cut-off points in the distillation curve of the hydrocarbon composition.

[0021] One embodiment of the present invention is thus a hydrocarbon composition comprising isomerized paraffins having specific cut-off points in the distillation curve and a high density. The freezing point of the hydrocarbon composition meets the jet fuel specification of -40°C or lower.

[0022] Here, a hydrocarbon composition means a composition mainly containing hydrocarbons, i.e., organic molecules containing only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The hydrocarbon composition may contain a small amount of molecules containing heteroatoms such as sulfur. The hydrocarbon composition according to the present invention is useful as a fuel component, particularly as a jet fuel component.

[0023] The hydrocarbon composition according to the present invention contains isomerized paraffins (or i-paraffins or iso-paraffins). Here, isomerized paraffins mean paraffins having one or more side chains. The side chains are typically in the form of methyl, ethyl, and propyl substituents and can be located anywhere on the paraffin chain. Isomerized paraffins can be produced by the isomerization of normal paraffins (n-paraffins). The isomerized paraffins can be from any source. Non-limiting examples of sources of isomerized paraffins are hydrocarbons produced by hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids or hydrocarbons produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process.

[0024] The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon composition having a T10(°C) cut-off temperature of 185 - 205 °C. The T90(°C) cut-off temperature of the composition is 270 - 295 °C, and the final boiling point (°C) is 275 - 300 °C. The distillation conditions and properties of the collected fractions vary depending on the process for producing the isomerized paraffin and the renewable source used. A person skilled in the art is proficient in various distillation and fractionation processes and will be able to optimize the appearance required to obtain the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention.

[0025] The hydrocarbon composition of the present invention has a density of 768.0 - 772.0 kg / m 3 In another embodiment of the present invention, the density of the hydrocarbon composition is 770.0 - 772.0 kg / m 3 and in yet another embodiment, 771.0 - 772.0 kg / m 3 . The density ranges are to be understood as including densities equal to the endpoints of the ranges. It should be noted that even a slight increase in the density of the hydrocarbon composition is significant. A greater density of the composition means greater energy per volume and a higher calorific value. This is particularly important in fuel applications since the capacity of fuel tanks is always limited. In addition, a greater density is also beneficial when the hydrocarbon composition is blended with other components. For example, the minimum density for jet fuel is 775 kg / m 3 (ASTM D7566), and if the density of the renewable component is high, flexibility in the density of the petroleum-based jet fuel component is created.

[0026] The density of the hydrocarbon composition can be measured using any standardized method for measuring the density of hydrocarbon fuel compositions, such as ASTM D4052 for example.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrocarbon composition comprises hydrocarbons having an average carbon number of 14.3 to 15.1. In another embodiment, the average carbon number of the hydrocarbons in the composition is 14.5 to 15.1, and in another embodiment, 14.7 to 15.0. The carbon number ranges should be understood to include hydrocarbons having a carbon number equal to the endpoints of the range.

[0028] The average carbon number of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon composition is measured using a gas chromatography (GC) method. The conditions of the GC method are shown in Table 1 below.

[0029] [Table 1]

[0030] Surprisingly, it has been discovered that hydrocarbon compositions having a large carbon number and a large density can be achieved without sacrificing the freezing point of the hydrocarbon composition. A larger carbon number typically means a lower freezing point.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon composition having 14 to 17 carbon atoms is at least 60 wt-% of the total hydrocarbon content.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, the hydrocarbon composition comprises more than 90 wt-%, preferably more than 92 wt-%, and most preferably more than 95 wt-% of isomerized paraffins calculated from the total paraffin content of the hydrocarbon composition. The isomerized paraffins are mainly mono-, di-, or tri-isomerized, although some paraffins may have even more side chains. The isomerized paraffins can be methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituted. The hydrocarbon composition of the present invention is a mixture of various isomerized paraffins. It should be noted that the carbon number does not change depending on the degree of isomerization or the type of side chain. The number of carbons in the paraffin is maintained the same.

[0033] A high degree of isomerization enables the specific properties of the hydrocarbon compositions of the present invention. Typically, a higher degree of isomerization means a lower freezing point. However, the degree of isomerization itself does not fully explain the low freezing point and the high density of the hydrocarbon compositions of the present invention.

[0034] In one form of the present invention, the hydrocarbon composition has a freezing point of -40 °C, or preferably -43 °C or lower. Typically, the lowest freezing point can be -60 °C. The lowest measurable freezing point is -80 °C. The freezing point of the composition used as jet fuel needs to be -40 °C or lower. The freezing point of aviation fuel is measured in accordance with the IP529 standard. It is clearly important for jet fuel to be pumpable under all possible conditions to ensure that the aircraft gas turbine functions fully. In particular, when jet fuel or jet fuel components are produced from biological or renewable sources, it may be difficult to reach the required low freezing point. This is particularly difficult in paraffinic renewable fuel components where the overall yield is important.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrocarbon composition is produced from a renewable source (renewable feedstock). As used herein, the term "renewable source" or "renewable feedstock" is meant to include feedstocks other than materials obtained from petroleum crude oil (fossil-based oil or petroleum-based oil). Renewable sources that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, bio-oils and fats from, for example, plants and / or animals and / or fish and / or insects, and from processes utilizing microorganisms such as, for example, seaweed, bacteria, yeast, and mold, and, as appropriate, also compounds derived from such fats and oils and mixtures thereof. The species that produce the bio-oil or fat may be natural or genetically modified. The bio-oils and fats may be fresh oils and fats or recycled fats or oils.

[0036] Suitable bio-oils containing fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters and / or fatty acid derivatives include, for example, wood-based and other plant-based and vegetable-based fats and oils such as rapeseed oil, colza oil, canola oil, tall oil, jatropha seed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hempseed oil, olive oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, and fats contained in plants cultivated by means of genetic manipulation, such as animal-based fats such as lard, tallow, whale oil, and fats contained in milk, and recycled fats from the food industry, and mixtures of the foregoing, and fats and oils from processes utilizing microorganisms such as, for example, seaweed, bacteria, yeast, and mold.

[0037] The renewable source also includes recyclable waste oils and fats, or residues of recyclable waste oils and fats.

[0038] Bio-oils and fats suitable as fresh feeds include C12-C24 fatty acids, their derivatives such as fatty acid anhydrides or esters, and triglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acids, or combinations thereof. Fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives such as esters may be produced via hydrolysis of bio-oils, or by fractionation or transesterification of triglycerides or microbial processes utilizing microorganisms.

[0039] The isomerized paraffins of the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention can be produced by any suitable method. In one embodiment, the paraffins are subjected to a deoxygenation process for the removal of heteroatoms, mainly the removal of oxygen from renewable oils, and are produced from renewable oils such as vegetable oils or animal fats.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the deoxygenation treatment to which the renewable raw material is subjected is a hydrotreatment. Preferably, the renewable raw material is subjected to hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), preferably using an HDO catalyst. Catalytic HDO is the most commonly used method for removing oxygen, has been widely studied, and has been optimized. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. As the HDO catalyst, an HDO catalyst containing a hydrogenation metal supported on a carrier can be used. For example, an HDO catalyst containing a hydrogenation metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Mo, Ru, Rh, W or combinations thereof can be mentioned. Among them, alumina or silica is suitable as the carrier. The hydrodeoxygenation step can be carried out, for example, at a temperature of 100-150 °C and a pressure of 10-150 bar (absolute pressure).

[0041] In one embodiment, the isomerized paraffin component is produced via a Fischer-Tropsch process starting from the gasification of biomass. This synthesis route is also commonly referred to as BTL, or biomass to liquid fuel production. It is well established in the literature that biomass, such as lignocellulosic materials, can be gasified at high temperature using oxygen or air to produce a gas mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas). After purification of the gas, it can be used as a feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis route. In Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, paraffins are produced from syngas. Fischer-Tropsch paraffins can range from gaseous components to wax-like paraffins, and paraffins in the boiling range of middle distillates can be obtained by distillation of the product.

[0042] The n-paraffins formed through the hydrotreatment of renewable oils or via the Fischer-Tropsch process need to be subjected to further isomerization treatment. The isomerization treatment causes branching of the hydrocarbon chains of the hydrotreated feedstock, i.e., isomerization. Branching of the hydrocarbon chains improves the low-temperature properties, i.e., the isomerized composition formed by the isomerization treatment has better low-temperature properties compared to the hydrotreated feedstock. Better low-temperature properties mean that the value of the temperature at which it solidifies is lower. The isomerized hydrocarbons or isomerized paraffins formed by the isomerization treatment can have one or more side chains or branches.

[0043] The isomerization step can be carried out in the presence of an isomerization catalyst, optionally in the presence of hydrogen added to the isomerization process. Suitable isomerization catalysts include molecular sieves and / or metals selected from Group VIII of the periodic table, and optionally a support. Preferably, the isomerization catalyst includes SAPO-11, or SAPO-41, or ZSM-22, or ZSM-23, or fernerite and Pt, Pd or Ni and Al2O3 or SiO2. Typical isomerization catalysts are, for example, Pt / SAPO-11 / Al2O3, Pt / ZSM-22 / Al2O3, PT / ZSM-23 / Al2O3, and PT / SAPO-11 / SiO2. The catalysts may be used alone or in combination. The presence of added hydrogen is particularly preferred to reduce catalyst deactivation.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the isomerization catalyst is a noble metal bifunctional catalyst used in combination with hydrogen, such as, for example, Pt-SAPO and / or Pt-ZSM catalysts. The isomerization step can be carried out, for example, at a temperature of 200 to 500 °C, preferably 280 to 400 °C, and at a pressure of 5 to 150 bar, preferably 10 to 130 bar, more preferably 30 to 100 bar (absolute pressure). The isomerization step may further include intermediate steps such as a purification step and a fractionation step. Isomerization can be carried out, for example, at 300 °C to 350 °C.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the isomerized paraffins formed in the isomerization process need to be fractionated to obtain the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention. Fractionation of the isomerized paraffins is not necessary if the formed isomerized paraffins meet the requirements necessary for the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention. Fractionation can be carried out using any suitable method and is not limited to distillation. Distillation is the most widely used method for separating various fractions from hydrocarbon compositions and is also suitable here.

[0046] In another embodiment, the present invention also relates to a fuel or fuel component comprising the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention. In another embodiment of the present invention, the fuel or fuel component is a jet fuel or a jet fuel component.

[0047] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a jet fuel comprising the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention in a content of up to 50 vol% of the jet fuel, where the remainder is a petroleum-based jet fuel. Preferably, the jet fuel comprises the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention at a concentration of 3 vol% to 50 vol%, more preferably 5 vol% to 45 vol%, and even more preferably 10 vol% to 30 vol%. The remainder in the jet fuel of the present invention is a petroleum-based jet fuel. The term "petroleum-based jet fuel" means any conventional jet fuel or aviation fuel produced from petroleum or crude oil that meets at least one standard as a jet fuel. Standards for jet fuel or aviation fuel include, but are not limited to, Jet A, Jet A-1 (DEF STAN 91-91, ASTM D1655), and various military standards (JP-1, JP-8).

[0048] In another embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for producing the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention. The method for producing the hydrocarbon composition comprises the following method steps: Providing a renewable feedstock containing fatty acids, Deoxygenating the feedstock to produce paraffins, Subjecting the produced paraffins to an isomerization step to produce isomerized paraffins, and Fractionating the produced isomerized paraffins to obtain the hydrocarbon composition of the present invention including.

[0049] In one embodiment, fractionation comprises fractionating the produced isomerized paraffins of the present invention as a single fraction at a yield of at least 20 wt-%, preferably at least 30 wt-%, and most preferably at least 40 wt-%.

Examples

[0050] Example 1 (Comparative Example) A renewable paraffinic product was produced by hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization by severe pyrolysis of a feedstock of a mixture of plant and animal fat origin. This product was analyzed using various analytical methods (Table 2).

[0051]

Table 2

[0052] The product analyzed in Table 2 met the jet fuel freezing point specification, but the freezing point was not significantly low.

[0053] Example 2 (Comparative Example) A renewable paraffinic product was produced by hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization of a feedstock of a mixture of plant and animal fat origin. This product was analyzed using various analytical methods (Table 3).

[0054]

Table 3

[0055] The product analyzed in Table 3 met the jet fuel freezing point specification, but the freezing point was not significantly low.

[0056] Example 3 In Example 2, the renewable paraffinic product produced by hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization of a feedstock of a mixture of vegetable and animal fat origin was further directed to a fractionation unit. In the fractionation unit, the renewable paraffinic product was separated into two fractions. The light fraction containing 80 wt-% of the original renewable paraffinic product was re-analyzed using various analytical methods (Table 4).

[0057] [Table 4]

[0058] This analyzed product meets all the requirements for high-quality renewable aviation fuel. From the analysis results, when the density of the paraffinic product is less than 772 kg / m 3 (measured value is 771.6 kg / m 3 ), it is understood that the freezing point has dropped significantly to -49.1 °C compared to the product of Comparative Example 2.

[0059] Example 4 Another renewable paraffinic product produced by hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization of another feedstock of a mixture of vegetable and animal fat origin was further directed to a fractionation unit. In the fractionation unit, the renewable paraffinic product was separated into two fractions. The light fraction containing 80 wt-% of the original renewable paraffinic product was re-analyzed using various analytical methods (Table 5).

[0060] [Table 5]

[0061] This product also meets all the requirements for high-quality renewable aviation fuel. From the analysis results, although the density of the paraffinic composition is greater than 768 kg / m 3 (measured value is 770.1 kg / m 3 ), it is understood that the freezing point (measured value is -50.9 °C) is significantly lower compared to the freezing point of the product of Comparative Example 1.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will clearly recognize that, with the progress of technology, the concept of the present invention can be implemented in various ways. The present invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above and may be varied within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrocarbon composition containing isomerized paraffin, The hydrocarbon composition has a T10 (°C) cut-off temperature of 185 to 205 °C, a T90 (°C) cut-off temperature of 270 to 295 °C, and a final boiling point (°C) of 275 to 300 °C, The density of the hydrocarbon composition is measured using ASTM D4052 standard and is 768.0 to 772.0 kg / m 3 and The hydrocarbon composition has a freezing point of -40 °C or lower, The amount of isomerized paraffin in the hydrocarbon composition is calculated from the total paraffin content of the hydrocarbon composition and is more than 90 wt-%, and At least 60 wt-% of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon composition have 14 to 17 carbon atoms A jet fuel or jet fuel component containing the hydrocarbon composition.

2. The jet fuel or jet fuel component according to Claim 1, wherein the amount of isomerized paraffin in the hydrocarbon composition is more than 92 wt-%.

3. The jet fuel or jet fuel component according to Claim 1, wherein the amount of isomerized paraffin in the hydrocarbon composition is more than 95 wt-%.

4. The jet fuel or jet fuel component according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the average carbon number of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon composition is 14.3 to 15.

1.

5. The jet fuel or jet fuel component according to Claim 4, wherein the average carbon number of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon composition is 14.5 to 15.

1.

6. The jet fuel or jet fuel component according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the density of the hydrocarbon composition is 770.0 to 772.0 kg / m 3 and.

7. A jet fuel or jet fuel component containing the jet fuel or jet fuel component according to any one of claims 1 to 6 up to 50 vol%, and the remainder being a petroleum-based jet fuel.

8. A jet fuel or jet fuel component according to claim 7, containing 3 vol% to 50 vol% of the jet fuel or jet fuel component according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the remainder being a petroleum-based jet fuel.

9. A hydrocarbon composition containing isomerized paraffin, The hydrocarbon composition has a T10 (°C) cut-off temperature of 185 to 205 °C, a T90 (°C) cut-off temperature of 270 to 295 °C, and a final boiling point (°C) of 275 to 300 °C, The density of the hydrocarbon composition is measured using ASTM D4052 standard and is 768.0 to 772.0 kg / m 3 and, The hydrocarbon composition has a freezing point of -40 °C or lower, The amount of isomerized paraffin in the hydrocarbon composition is calculated from the total paraffin content of the hydrocarbon composition and is more than 90 wt-%, and At least 60 wt-% of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon composition have 14 to 17 carbon atoms A method for producing a hydrocarbon composition, comprising the following steps: Providing a renewable feedstock containing fatty acids, Deoxygenating the feedstock to produce paraffin, Subjecting the produced paraffin to an isomerization step to produce isomerized paraffin, and Fractionating the produced isomerized paraffin to obtain the hydrocarbon composition A method comprising.

10. The fractionation further The step of fractionating the isomerized paraffin produced such that the hydrocarbon composition is obtained as a single fraction in a yield of at least 20 wt-% calculated based on the total content of the isomerized paraffin The method according to claim 9, comprising

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