Novel pesticidal composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pesticide composition comprising an effective amount of elemental sulfur, an effective amount of triflumezopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The present invention particularly relates to a pesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, triflumezopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof present in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the pesticide composition. The present invention relates to a method for treating a plant, plant propagation material, site or plant part thereof, seed, seedling, or surrounding soil with the pesticide composition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a combination of a pesticidal agent comprising elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof. The present invention also relates to a pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of elemental sulfur, an effective amount of triflumizopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The present invention particularly relates to a pesticidal composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, triflumizopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof present in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, wherein the composition has a particle size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns.

[0002] The present invention further relates to a process for preparing the pesticidal composition.

[0003] The present invention further relates to a method for controlling pests by treating plants, plant propagation materials, parts or portions thereof, seeds, seedlings, or the surrounding soil with the pesticidal composition.

[0004] The present invention also relates to a method for treating plants, crops, plant propagation materials, parts or portions thereof, seeds, seedlings, or the surrounding soil with a pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of elemental sulfur, an effective amount of triflumizopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

Background Art

[0005] In describing embodiments of the present invention, certain terms are chosen for clarity. However, it is not intended that the present invention be limited to the particular terms so chosen, and it should be understood that each particular term includes all technical equivalents that function in a similar manner and achieve a similar purpose.

[0006] Some pesticidal agents are used to control insects and diseases in crops. However, agricultural practical experience has shown that the repeated exclusive application of individual pesticidal agents or known chemicals ultimately leads to the development of natural or adapted resistance in pests to such known chemicals.

[0007] To reduce the risk of resistance, mixtures of different active ingredients for controlling harmful fungi, insects, or other pests are conventionally employed these days. By combining active compounds with different modes of action, it is possible to ensure the efficacy of control over a relatively long period. However, improvements in these combinations are needed. Using combinations of active substances over a long period also leads to resistance. With the emergence of resistance to a particular pest, there is a need in the art for combinations of active substances that reduce the probability of resistance and improve the pest control spectrum.

[0008] Furthermore, in most cases to overcome the problem of resistance, due to runoff or leaching associated with the application of pesticidal compositions applied at higher doses, the composition seeps into the groundwater, thereby leading to soil toxicity and having an adverse impact on the environment. Thus, another typical problem in the field of pest control is the need to reduce the dosage ratio of the active ingredient while still enabling effective pest control while reducing or avoiding unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects.

[0009] Therefore, new pesticidal agents are also needed, along with the latest integrated pest management, for improving toxicological and environmental profiles, such as reducing phytotoxicity, resistance management, reducing dosage, significantly expanding the spectrum, improving synergistic effects, improving safety to humans, and reducing toxicity to the environment.

[0010] The present invention aims to provide effective control against insects, phytopathogenic harmful fungi, or other pests at an application rate as low as possible while overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages, an effective composition with a reduced total amount of active compounds, enhanced plant growth promotion activity (synergistic mixture), and a broader activity spectrum, along with increased safety for end-users and reduced toxicity to the environment.

[0011] Triflumezopyrim is a novel mesoionic (zwitterionic) insecticide with the chemical name 2,4-dioxo-1-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-ide. It acts by inhibiting the binding site at the ortho position of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and provides significant control of jumping insects such as the brown planthopper (BPH), the small brown planthopper (SBPH), and the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), which show strong resistance to widely used neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid.

[0012] Furthermore, the role of sulfur as a fertilizer and a pest control agent has been known for a long time. Sulfur is considered to be of organic nature and is widely available in its elemental form. The benefits of sulfur include not only reducing the dependence on the use of chemicals as an effective method for pest control, but also being environmentally friendly due to its organic nature, increasing crop yields, improving food safety, the health of humans, animals, or plants, and the quality of life. The use of sulfur as a fungicide, acaricide, and miticide is particularly important and has been used for a long time as an environmentally friendly method of agricultural practice.

[0013] Certain combinations of these active ingredients for controlling pathogens and pests have been described in the literature. For example, WO 2011 / 017351 and WO 2012 / 092115 disclose mesoionic compounds containing triflumizopyrim as one of the compounds and their compositions, and it is also disclosed that these compounds provide a synergistic effect when combined with additional invertebrate pest control agents. It has been described that they can be combined with other pesticidal agents and additional active substances containing nutrients, but there is no disclosure or proposal regarding a specific combination of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim in an amount that has a synergistic pesticidal effect.

[0014] Therefore, a specific pesticidal composition comprising a synergistic combination of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim, which can be effectively used with broad-spectrum pesticidal activity at lower dosages and can address the drawbacks associated with the known compositions discussed above, is not known or available.

[0015] The inventors have found that elemental sulfur, when combined with triflumizopyrim in an effective amount, demonstrates excellent field efficacy. The synergistic effect is also shown by the fact that the composition is effective even at very low dosages of the active substances.

[0016] Sulfur is an essential active ingredient present in the composition and is used in combination with triflumizopyrim, which is used at a concentration of from 0.1% to 50% w / w of the total composition, at a concentration of from about 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, thereby providing a more sustainable and ecosystem-friendly approach in agriculture for crop protection and nutrition.

[0017] Surprisingly, increasing the amount of sulfur in combination with chemical pesticides such as triflumizopyrim reduces the dependence on such chemical pesticides, further reduces the toxicity caused to the environment and humans, decreases the probability of resistance in pests / insects, avoids the use of subsequent chemicals, and has been observed to help promote better plant health and yields.

[0018] In addition to the synergistic effect of the compositions of the present invention, the inventors have surprisingly determined that a composition comprising elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof in an effective amount provides excellent pest control and improves yields when the particles in the composition are in the size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns.

[0019] The inventors have found that the optimal product type for providing such an organic, ecosystemic combination of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim in an effective amount is a liquid suspension or granule that helps minimize the reduction of the active ingredient and provides a stable, user-friendly formulation. Combinations of pesticides in the form of liquid suspensions and granules having a particle size in the range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns also enhance the physical properties of the formulation by providing improved suspensibility, dispersibility, viscosity, and immediate dispersion of the active ingredient upon application via the soil or leaf pathway, which provides effective control of the target pests.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0020]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0021] Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention have developed a stable pesticidal granular or liquid suspension composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, triflumizopyrim in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, wherein the particles are present in the size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns. The pesticidal composition is synergistic in nature and provides crop protection and nutrients at reduced dosages. The composition has a granule size ranging from 0.05 mm to 6 mm and disperses into particles having a size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns. The pesticidal composition of the present invention not only eliminates the associated drawbacks pointed out in the preceding paragraphs but also provides an excellent composition that is cost-effectively achieved, which would otherwise be difficult.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0022] The present invention relates to a pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of elemental sulfur, an effective amount of triflumizopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, and the triflumizopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof can be present in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim is in the form of a wettable powder, a granulated wettable powder, an extruded granule, a spreading granule, or a water-disintegrating granule or a spheronized granule, a liquid suspension or a suspension concentrate, a suspoemulsion composition.

[0025] The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a pesticidal composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, triflumizopyrim or a salt or derivative thereof in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0026] According to another embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method of protecting a crop or improving its health or yield by treating at least one of a plant, or a part thereof, plant propagation material, seeds, seedlings, or the surrounding soil with a pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of elemental sulfur, an effective amount of triflumizole or a salt or derivative thereof, and at least one agrichemically acceptable excipient.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0027] In describing embodiments of the present invention, specific terms are chosen for clarity. However, it is not intended that the present invention be limited to such specific terms so chosen, and it should be understood that such specific terms include all technical equivalents that function in a similar manner and achieve a similar purpose. It is understood that any numerical range described herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. Also, unless otherwise indicated, percentages of components in a composition are expressed as weight percentages.

[0028] As used herein, the terms "a" or "an" are defined as one or more than one. The terms "including" and / or "having" as used herein are defined as comprising (i.e., non-limiting language).

[0029] As used in the present application, the terms "plant" or "crop" are interchangeable, and whenever the term "plant" is used, it shall always mean vegetation of a similar nature, i.e., crops, trees, shrubs, herbs, etc.

[0030] The term "sulfur" as used in the composition refers to elemental sulfur obtained from natural or synthetic sources. This term includes allotropes of elemental sulfur such as plastic (amorphous) sulfur, monoclinic sulfur, orthorhombic sulfur composed of S8 molecules, and other cyclic molecules such as S7 and S12. This term also includes sulfur produced by the processing and refining of petrochemical products. This term also includes "bio-sulfur". This term also includes elemental sulfur produced by microbial action.

[0031] Granules mainly refer to granule wettable powders, extruded granules, spheronized granules or water-disintegrating granules.

[0032] As described herein, "GR" refers to spray granules or extruded granules or spheronized granules or water-disintegrating granules.

[0033] As described herein, "WG" or "WDG" refers to granule wettable powders. As described herein, granule wettable powders are defined as formulations that, when added to water, disperse or dissolve rapidly to give a fine particle suspension. Granule wettable powders are formulated as small, easily metered granules by blending and solidifying the powdered active ingredient together with surfactants and other formulation excipients, and when added to water, disperse into finer / primary particles.

[0034] According to the present invention, the term liquid suspension includes "aqueous suspension" or "aqueous dispersion" or "suspension concentrate (SC)" or "suspension emulsion (SE)" or flowable concentrate (FC) for seed coating or suspension concentrate (FS) composition for seed treatment. A liquid suspension can be defined as a composition in which solid particles are dispersed or suspended in a liquid. The liquid as the vehicle can be water and / or a water-miscible solvent.

[0035] As defined herein, an aqueous suspoemulsion is essentially a mixture of water-insoluble active ingredients dispersed in an aqueous solution, where one or more of the active ingredients are solids formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC), and one or more of the active substances are oils formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate in water (EW).

[0036] As defined herein, WP refers to wettable powders, which can be powder formulations for application as a suspension after dispersion in water.

[0037] As described herein, WS refers to wettable powders used for slurry seed treatment.

[0038] The present invention relates to a pesticidal composition comprising an effective amount of elemental sulfur; an effective amount of triflumizopyrim, and at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0039] The present invention relates to a pesticidal composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof present in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0040] The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that a composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition and triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof present in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition demonstrated synergistic pesticidal activity as compared to the activity of the individual active ingredients alone.

[0041] In addition to the synergistic effect of the composition of the present invention, the inventors were surprised to find that, in the form of a solid, liquid, gel, or paste, elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof present in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one pesticide excipient, when the particles in the composition are in the size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns, provide excellent pest control and improve the yield.

[0042] The inventors of the present invention were surprised to find that the presence of elemental sulfur in the composition of the present invention not only demonstrates a synergistic effect with respect to pest control, but also further nourishes the plants, and thus shows a significant improvement in yield, as well as other crop characteristics such as plant height, root length, and improved leaves, compared to the individual applications of sulfur and triflumizopyrim.

[0043] Furthermore, the composition of the present invention has been found to provide not only economic benefits to general farmers, but also ecological benefits due to the higher input of elemental sulfur. Elemental sulfur is organic in nature and does not cause any adverse effects on the environment or the inhabitants. Additionally, it helps to reduce the active dosage of chemical / synthetic pesticides used in the composition.

[0044] According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 25% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 25% w / w to 80% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 25% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 25% w / w to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 25% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 25% w / w to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to a preferred embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 30% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 30% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 30% w / w to 80% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 30% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 40% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 40% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 40% w / w to 80% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur can be present in the range of 50% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 50% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 35% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 25% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 15% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof is present in the range of 0.1% to 5% w / w of the total composition.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition is in the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gel, or a paste.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the liquid pesticidal composition can be in the form of a suspension concentrate (SC) or an aqueous suspension or a liquid suspension, a suspoemulsion (SE), a flowable concentrate (FC), a suspension concentrate for seed treatment (FS).

[0048] According to one embodiment, the liquid pesticidal composition is preferably in the form of a liquid suspension or a suspension concentrate. According to one embodiment, the liquid suspension or the suspension concentrate contains sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition, and triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof in the range of 0.1% w / w to 40% w / w of the total composition.

[0049] According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the liquid suspension composition ranges from 0.1 micron to 50 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the liquid suspension composition ranges from 0.1 micron to 30 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the liquid suspension composition ranges from 0.1 micron to 25 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the liquid suspension composition ranges from 0.1 micron to 20 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the liquid suspension composition ranges from 0.1 micron to 10 microns.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the liquid pesticidal composition is preferably in the form of a suspoemulsion. According to one embodiment, the suspoemulsion composition comprises sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 55% w / w of the total composition, and triflumizopyrim or a salt thereof or a derivative thereof in the range of 0.1% w / w to 30% w / w of the total composition.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the solid pesticidal composition is in the form of a powder, granule, or fine powder.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition can be in the form of a powder including wettable powder (WP), dustable powder (DP), powder for dry seed treatment (DS), and wettable powder for slurry seed treatment (WS).

[0053] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition can be in the form of granules including wettable granule (WG), water-disintegrating granule, spheronized granule, spreading granule, extruded granule, and pellet.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the granules are in the size range of 0.05 to 6 mm. The granules disperse into particles in the size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns.

[0055] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition is in the form of a wettable powder.

[0056] According to one embodiment, the wettable powder composition contains sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, and triflumizopyrim or a salt thereof or a derivative thereof in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition.

[0057] According to one embodiment, the wettable powder composition contains particles in the size range of 0.01 micron to 50 microns.

[0058] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition is preferably in the form of a granular wettable powder.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the granular wettable powder composition contains sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition, and triflumizopyrim or a salt thereof or a derivative thereof in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the granular wettable powder has a size range of 0.05 to 3 mm, preferably 0.05 to 2.5 mm, preferably 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 0.05 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.05 to 1 mm. The granules are dispersed into particles in the size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns, preferably 0.1 micron to 20 microns.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition is preferably in the form of water-disintegrating granules or spheronized granules.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the water-disintegrating granular or spheronized granular composition contains sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition, and triflumizopyrim or a salt thereof or a derivative thereof in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the water-disintegrable or spheronized granules have a size range of 0.1 to 6 mm, preferably a size range of 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably a size range of 0.1 to 4 mm, preferably a size range of 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably a size range of 0.1 to 2.5 mm. The granules disperse into particles in the size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition comprises at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. According to a further embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient includes a surfactant, a binder or binding agent, a disintegrant, a filler or carrier or diluent, a coating agent, a buffer or pH adjuster or neutralizing agent, an anti-foaming agent or defoaming agent, a penetrant, an ultraviolet absorber, a UV light scattering agent, a stabilizer, a pigment, a colorant, a structuring agent, a chelating agent or complexing agent or sequestering agent, a thickening agent, a suspending agent or suspending aid or anti-caking agent or anti-settling agent, a viscosity modifier or rheology modifier, a tackifier, a humectant, an adherent, an anti-freezing agent or cryoprotectant, a solvent, a cross-linking agent, a permeability enhancer, a protective colloid, and at least one of mixtures thereof. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that additional agrochemically acceptable excipients can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0065] According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 75% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 30% w / w of the total composition.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the surfactant includes one or more of an emulsifier, a wetting agent, and a dispersant. According to one embodiment, the surfactant used in the pesticidal composition includes one or more of anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, and polymeric surfactants.

[0067] Anionic surfactants include salts of fatty acids, benzoates, polycarboxylates, salts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfates, alkyl diglycol ether sulfates, salts of alcohol sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, polystyrene sulfonates, salts of alkyl phosphates, alkyl aryl phosphates, hydroxystyryl aryl phosphates or their derivatives, styryl aryl phosphates, doxates, salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether sulfates, alkyl sarcosinates, sodium salts of alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates or their salts, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sulfosuccinates, polyacrylates, salts of polyacrylates, salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates, salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl phosphate esters, sulfosuccinic acid - mono and other diesters, phosphate esters, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates such as isopropyl and butyl derivatives, sodium and ammonium salts of alkyl ether sulfates;Alkyl aryl ether phosphates, salts of polyoxyethylene aryl ether phosphates, mono-alkyl sulfosuccinates, aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonates, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium perfluorononanoate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, magnesium lauryl sulfate, perfluorobutane sulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, carboxylates, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, phospholipids, potassium lauryl sulfate, soaps, soap substitutes, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate, sodium pareth sulfate, alkyl carboxylates, sodium stearate, alpha olefin sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate salts, fatty acid salts of alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, sodium salts of naphthalene sulfonate condensates, fluorocarboxylates, fatty alcohol sulfates, sodium salts of alkylnaphthalene sulfonate condensates, salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde or salts of alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde; or salts, including but not limited to one or more of their derivatives.;

[0068] Other anionic surfactants that have been found to be useful include taurate surfactants such as sodium N-cyclohexyl-N-palmitoyl taurate and sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate, sold under the trade names Igepon CN-42, Igepon T-33, T-43, T-51, T-73, T-77, and T-74, respectively, by GAF Corporation, Chemical Products, New York, N.Y., 10020. Sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate is also available from Croda Chemicals, Ltd., England, under the trade name "Adinol".

[0069] Nonionic surfactants include polyol esters, polyol fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated esters, polyethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols, EO / PO copolymers; EO and PO block copolymers, di-, tri-block copolymers; block copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, poloxamers, polysorbates, alkyl polysaccharides such as alkyl polyglycosides and blends thereof, amine ethoxylates, sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycol and glycerol esters, glucosidyl alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol, sorbitan alkyl esters, sorbitan derivatives, fatty acid esters of sorbitan (Span) and their ethoxylated derivatives (Tween), and sucrose esters of fatty acids, cetostearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer surfactants sold under the trade names Atlas G5000 and TERMUL5429, decyl glucoside, decyl polyglucose, glycerol monostearate, lauryl glucoside, maltoside, monolaurin, narrow range ethoxylate, Nonidet P-40, nonoxynol-9, nonoxynol, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, N-octyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside, octyl glucoside, oleyl alcohol, PEG-10 sunflower glyceride, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, polidocanol, poloxamer, poloxamer 407, polyethoxylated tallow amine, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, polysorbate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, sorbitan derivatives, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, stearyl alcohol, glyceryl laurate, lauryl glucoside, nonylphenol polyethoxyethanol, nonylphenol polyglycol ether, castor oil ethoxylate, polyglycol ether, polyadduct of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, block copolymer of polyalkylene glycol ether and hydroxystearic acid, tributylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol,Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, ethoxypropoxylated tristyrylphenol, ethoxypropoxylated block copolymer, ethoxylated alcohol, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, fatty acid polyglyceride, fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, oxyalkylene block polymer, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether, polyoxyethylene styrylaryl ether, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ether, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid ester, alcohol ethoxylate - C6 - C16 / 18 alcohol, linear and branched alcohol alkoxylate - various hydrophobicities and EO / PO contents and ratios, fatty acid ester - mono and diesters; lauric acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid; glycerol ester - with and without EO; derived from lauric acid, stearic acid, coco and tall oil, ethoxylated glycerin, sorbitan ester - with and without EO; lauric acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid series; mono and triesters, castor oil ethoxylate - 5 - 200 moles of EO; non - hydrogenated and hydrogenated, block polymers, amine oxide - ethoxylated and non - ethoxylated; alkyldimethyl, fatty amine ethoxylate - coco, tallow, stearyl, oleyl amine, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil or polyoxypropylene fatty acid ester; salts or one or more of their derivatives, including but not limited to these.,

[0070] Amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, betaines, coco and laurylamidopropyl betaines, cocoalkyldimethylamine oxide, alkyldimethylbetaines; C8-C18, alkyldipropionates - sodium lauriminodipropionate, cocoamidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine, imidazolines, phospholipids phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin, lauryldimethylamine oxide, alkyl amphoacetates and propionates, alkyl amphodiacetates, and dipropionates, lecithin and ethanolamine fatty amides; or salts and one or more of their derivatives.

[0071] Amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, betaines, coco and laurylamidopropyl betaines, cocoalkyldimethylamine oxide, alkyldimethylbetaines; C8-C18, alkyldipropionates - sodium lauriminodipropionate, cocoamidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine, imidazolines, phospholipids phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin, lauryldimethylamine oxide, alkyl amphoacetates and propionates, alkyl amphodiacetates, and dipropionates, lecithin and ethanolamine fatty amides, or salts and one or more of their derivatives.

[0072] However, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is possible to utilize other conventionally known surfactants without departing from the scope of the present invention. Surfactants are manufactured for commercial use and are commercially available from various companies.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the dispersant used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, phenol naphthalene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate, lignin derivatives, dibutylnaphthalene - sulfonic acid, alkylaryl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty alcohol sulfate, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, lauryl sulfate, and polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether sulfate ester salts, their alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or amine salts, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters, a mixture of the sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonic acid urea formaldehyde condensate and the sodium salt of phenol sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, ethoxylated alkyl phenol, ethoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated linear alcohols, sodium salts of polyaromatic sulfonic acids, sodium alkylaryl sulfonate, glyceryl esters, ammonium salts of maleic anhydride copolymers, phosphate esters, salts of addition products of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, polycarboxylates, sodium salts of condensed phenol sulfonic acids, and naphthalene sulfonic acid - formaldehyde condensates, sodium naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensates, ammonium salts of sulfonated naphthalene, salts of polyacrylic acid, tristyryl phenol ethoxylate phosphate ester, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate, alkyl ethoxylate, EO - PO block copolymers, graft copolymers, ammonium salts of sulfonated naphthalene, salts of polyacrylic acid, salts, their derivatives, polymethyl methacrylate / acrylic graft copolymers and their derivatives, nonyl - phenol ethoxylate and its derivatives, castor oil - based ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, lanolin alcohol ethoxylates, polyol ethoxylates, phosphate esters and their derivatives, stearic fatty acids and their derivatives, oleic fatty acids, vegetable fatty acids, and ethoxylates of tallow fatty acids, including one or more of these.

[0075] Commercially available dispersants include "Morwet D425" (sodium naphthalene formaldehyde condensate, from Nouryon Corporation, USA), "Morwet EFW" sulfated alkyl carboxylate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonate - sodium salt, "Tamol PP" (sodium salt of phenol sulfonic acid condensate), "Reax80N" (sodium lignosulfonate), "Wettol D1" sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate (from BASF), "Tensiofix LX" (lignosulfonate), and "Geropon T77" (sodium N - methyl - N - oleoyl taurine). However, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is possible to utilize other conventionally known dispersants without departing from the scope of the present invention. Dispersants are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount of 0.1 - 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount of 0.1 - 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount of 3 - 20% w / w of the total composition.

[0077] According to one embodiment, the wetting agent used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, phenol naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate and their salts, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salts of sulfonated alkyl carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylated ethyl phenol, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol, polyoxyethylated fatty amine, lignin derivatives, alkane sulfonates or their salts, alkyl benzene sulfonates, salts of polycarboxylic acids, salts of esters of sulfosuccinic acid, alkyl polyglycol ether sulfonates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether sulfates and alkyl sulfosuccinic acid monoesters, alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl polysaccharides, or one or more of their salts or their derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known wetting agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The wetting agent is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in an amount of 0.1% - 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in an amount of 0.1% - 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in an amount of 0.1% - 5% w / w of the total composition.

[0079] According to one embodiment, the emulsifier used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of alkylated benzene sulfonates, ethoxylated or alkoxylated tristyrylphenols, alkoxylated copolymers, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid derivatives, sorbitol derivatives, castor oil ethoxylates and derivatives, ethoxylated phenols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, nonylphenol alkoxylates, alcohol alkoxylates, sulfosuccinic acid, alkyl ether phosphates, alkoxylated fatty alcohol phosphates (e.g., PEG10 PPG5 cetyl phosphate), polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lignin sulfonates, polyacrylates, polysorbates, polycarboxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, salts of alkylaryl sulfonic acids, and derivatives thereof. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known wetting agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The emulsifier is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0080] Atlas G5000, TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, ECOTERIC (registered trademark), EMULSOGEN (registered trademark) 118, Genapol (registered trademark) X, Genapol (registered trademark) OX-080, Genapol (registered trademark) C100, Emulsogen (registered trademark) EL200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261, Hypermer B239, Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS15, Promulgen (trademark) D, Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP / 461, Soprophor TSP / 724, Croduret 40, Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton (trademark) N-101, Tween 20, 40, 60, 65, 80, Span 20, 40, 60, 80, 83, 85, 120, Brij (registered trademark), Triton (trademark) Atlox 4912, Atlas G5000, TERMUL 3512, TERMUL 3015, TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, ECOTERIC (registered trademark), ECOTERIC (registered trademark) T85, ECOTERIC (registered trademark) T20, TERIC 12A4, EULSOGEN (registered trademark) 118, Genapol (registered trademark) X, Genapol (registered trademark) OX-080, Genapol (registered trademark) C100, Emulsogen (registered trademark) EL200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261, Hypermer B239, Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS15, Promulgen (trademark) D, Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP / 461, Soprophor TSP / 724, Croduret 40, Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton (trademark) N-101, Tween 20, 40, 60, 65, 80 and Span 20, 40, 60, 80, 83, 85, 120, one or more of which are included, but not limited to, the emulsifiers used in pesticidal compositions can also be used.However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known emulsifiers can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. Emulsifiers are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of 0.1% - 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of 0.1% - 50% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of 0.1% - 30% w / w of the total composition.

[0082] According to one embodiment, the solvent used in the pesticidal composition comprises a water-miscible solvent or a water-immiscible solvent.

[0083] Water-miscible solvents include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, dimethylformamide, decanamide, dimethoxyethane, dimethyloctanamide, dimethyldecanamide, water, propylene glycol, monoethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol ether and its derivatives, glycerol, sorbitol, dimethyloctanamide, dimethyldecanamide, dimethyloctadecanamide, monobutyl ether, generally glycols and glycol ethers, alkylene carbonates, n-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other water-miscible solvents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0084] According to one embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1 to 75% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1 to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1 to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1 to 30% w / w of the total composition.

[0085] According to one embodiment, the disintegrant used in the pesticidal composition is an inorganic water-soluble salt of sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, nitrate, acetate, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate; a water-insoluble organic compound such as microcrystalline cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl calcium, cellulose powder; sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, metal stearate, dextrin, methacrylic acid copolymer, Polyplasdone® XL-10 (cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone), polyaminocarboxylic acid, sulfonated styrene-isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, a salt of polyacrylate or methacrylic acid, starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer, hydrogen carbonate / sodium or potassium carbonate, or a salt with an acid such as citric acid and fumaric acid, or a salt, phenol naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt of sulfonated alkyl carboxylic acid, polyoxyalkylated ethylphenol, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol, polyoxyethylated fatty amine, lignin derivative, alkane sulfonate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, salt of polycarboxylic acid, salt of ester of sulfosuccinic acid, alkyl polyglycol ether sulfonate, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl ether sulfate and alkyl sulfosuccinic monoester, lignosulfonate, salt, one or more of their derivatives, but not limited thereto. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different disintegrants can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The disintegrant is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0086] According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the composition.

[0087] According to one embodiment, the binder or binder used in the pesticidal composition is polyvinyl alcohol, lactose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, starch, dextrin, lignin sulfonate, and bentonite, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and carbohydrates such as polysaccharides, clay, kaolin, attapulgite, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, polyacrylate, polycarboxylate, carbomer, derivatives, and one or more of combinations thereof, but not limited thereto. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different binders can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The binder is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the binder is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the binder is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the binder is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the binder is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the composition.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the carrier used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of a solid carrier, a filler, or a diluent. According to another embodiment, the carrier includes a mineral carrier, a plant carrier, a synthetic carrier, and a water-soluble carrier. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different carriers can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The carriers are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0090] The solid carriers include natural minerals such as clays like bentonite, clay, acid clay, dolomite, kaolins like kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, and halloysite, synthetic and diatomaceous earth silica, montmorillonite minerals like sodium montmorillonite, smectites like saponite, hectorite, sauconite, and hydrotalcite, pyrophyllite, talc, agarmatolite, micas like muscovite, fengite, sericite, and illite, cristobalite, attapulgite, sepiolite, etc.; vermiculite, laponite, pumice, perlite, volcanic clay, vermiculite, limestone, natural and synthetic silicates, charcoal, silica, powdered silica, fused silica, hydrophobic silica, wet-process silica, dry-process silica, fired product of wet-process silica, surface-modified silica, mica, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, and their derivatives; fly ash, chalk (Omya (registered trademark)), fuller's earth, loess, mirabilite, white carbon, slaked lime, synthetic silicic acid, starch, processed starch (available from Pineflow, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), sucrose, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, kaolin 1777, lactose, maltodextrin, dextrin, sorbitol; salts of lignin sulfonic acid such as ammonium, sodium, calcium, zinc salts, etc. Water-insoluble carriers include, but are not limited to, clay, microcrystalline cellulose, perlite, volcanic ash, mica, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, soapstone, starch, hydrophobically or hydrophilically processed starch, calcium phosphate. Water-soluble salts such as ammonium salts of citrate, nitrate, sulfate, hexametaphosphate, phosphate, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, magnesium sulfate, etc. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different solid carriers can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. Solid carriers are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0091] According to one embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% - 75% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% - 70% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% - 60% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% - 40% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% - 20% w / w of the composition.

[0092] According to one embodiment, the anti-caking agent used in the pesticidal composition comprises, but is not limited to, one or more of precipitated silica, fumed silica, hydrophobically modified silica, perlite, mica, talc, soapstone, magnesium aluminum silicate, clay, calcium silicate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium trisilicate, fumed silica (white carbon), ester gum, petroleum resin, Foammaster® Soap L sodium stearate, sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate, sodium aluminosilicate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, calcium phosphate salts, or derivatives thereof. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different anti-caking agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The anti-caking agents are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the anti-foaming agent or defoaming agent used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of silica, siloxane, silicon dioxide, polydimethylsiloxane and its derivatives, vegetable oil, petroleum, paraffin oil, polyethylene glycol, silicone oil, and magnesium stearate or its derivatives. Preferred anti-foaming agents include silicone emulsions (e.g., Silikon® SRE, from Wacker, or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia, etc.), long-chain alcohols, and fatty acids. Non-silicone defoaming agents can also be used. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known anti-foaming agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The anti-foaming agents are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0094] According to one embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 2% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0095] According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer or neutralizing agent used in the pesticidal composition includes both organic or inorganic acids and bases, and mixtures thereof. According to a further embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer or neutralizing agent includes, but is not limited to, one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids, and alkali metal compounds, or salts, derivatives thereof. According to one embodiment, the organic acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, phytic acid, or salts, derivatives thereof; and one or more of mono-, di-, or tribasic acid salts of these acids, or derivatives thereof, but are not limited thereto. The alkali metal compounds include hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, carbonates of alkali metals such as sodium carbonate, bicarbonates of alkali metals such as sodium bicarbonate, and alkali metal phosphates such as sodium phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate; sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, borax, sodium borate; calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, ferrous hydroxide, magnesia, lime, potassium acetate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines, and mixtures thereof, but are not limited thereto. According to one embodiment, the salts of organic acids include, but are not limited to, one or more of alkali metal salts such as sodium citrate. Mixtures can also be used to prepare the pH adjuster or buffer or neutralizing agent. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known pH adjusters or buffers or neutralizing agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The pH adjuster or buffer or neutralizing agent is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0096] According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0097] According to one embodiment, a spreading agent used in a pesticidal composition is preferably one or more of a silicone surfactant, a copolymer of maleic acid and a styrene compound, a (meth)acrylic acid copolymer, a half ester of a polymer composed of a polyhydric alcohol and a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, a water-soluble salt of polystyrene sulfonic acid, a fatty acid, an aliphatic alcohol, a vegetable oil such as cottonseed oil, or a mineral oil, a petroleum distillate, a modified trisiloxane, a polyglycol, a polyether, a polyoxyalkylated ethylphenol, a polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol, a polyoxyethylated fatty amine, an alkyl polyglycol ether sulfonate, an alkyl ether phosphate, an alkyl polyglucoside, an alkyl polysaccharide, a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, petroleum, a silicone oil, a siloxane, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether, a polyoxyalkylene polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl amine, an alkyl polyglucoside, and a glycidyl ether, but is not limited thereto. Examples of the polyhydric alcohol constituting the nonionic surfactant include dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, neopentyl glycol, or 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, trihydric alcohols such as glycerol, clathrates or salts or derivatives thereof. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known spreading agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The spreading agent is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0098] According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0099] According to one embodiment, the fixing agent used in the pest control agent composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of silicone surfactants, mineral oils, vegetable oils, petroleum, silicone oils, emulsifiers, fish oils, or fatty acid soaps, or emulsified vegetable oils. Carboxymethyl cellulose, as well as natural and synthetic polymers such as gum arabic, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, carbomer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyvinyl acetate, lecithin, etc., carboxymethyl cellulose, natural and synthetic polymers, paraffin, polyamide resin, polyacrylate, polyoxyethylene, wax, polyvinyl alkyl ether, alkylphenol-formalin condensate, fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols, vegetable oils such as cottonseed, or inorganic oils, petroleum distillates, modified trisiloxane, polyglycol, polyether, clathrate, synthetic resin emulsion, or salts or their derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known fixing agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The fixing agent is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the fixing agent is present in an amount of 0.1% - 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the fixing agent is present in an amount of 0.1% - 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the fixing agent is present in an amount of 0.1% - 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0101] According to one embodiment, the stabilizers used in the pesticidal composition include, but are not limited to, alkyl glyoxylates such as ethyl glyoxylate, zeolites, EDTA, and chelating agents, sequestering agents, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and their salts; phenolic compounds; ultraviolet absorbers such as benzophenone compounds or their derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known stabilizers can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The stabilizers are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0102] According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0103] According to one embodiment, the preservative used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of bactericides, fungicides, biocides, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. Non-limiting examples of preservatives include parabens, their esters and salts, propionic acid and its salts, 2,4-hexadienoic acid (sorbic acid) and its salts, formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde, 2-hydroxybiphenyl ether and its salts, inorganic sulfites and bisulfites, sodium iodate, chlorobutanol, 1,6-bis(4-amidin-2-bromophenoxy)-n-hexane and its salts, 5-amino-1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methylhexahydropyrimidine, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol), N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, 4-chloro-m-cresol, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, 1,1'-methylene-bis(3-(1-hydroxymethyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolidin-5-yl)urea), 2-phenoxyethanol, hexamethylenetetramine, 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azonia-adamantane chloride, 1(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione, benzyl alcohol, octopirox, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, 2,2'-methylenebis(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), bromochlorophen, dichlorophen, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 2-chloroacetamide, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine acetate, chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol, N-alkyl (C12-C22) trimethylammonium bromide and chloride, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine, N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,(5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-N’-hydroxymethylurea, 1,6-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)-n-hexane and its salts, glutaraldehyde, 5-ethyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3.3.0)octane, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol, hyamine, alkyl (C8-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride, alkyl (C8-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium bromide, alkyl (C8-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium saccharinate, benzyl hemiformal, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, sodium hydroxymethylaminoacetate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, acetic acid, cetylpyridinium chloride, and derivatives of 2H-isothiazol-3-one (so-called isothiazolone derivatives) such as alkyl isothiazolone (e.g., 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, MIT; chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, CIT), benzisothiazolone (e.g., 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, BIT, commercially available as Proxel® type from ICI) or 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MTIT), C1-C4-alkyl parahydroxybenzoate, dichlorophen, Proxel® from ICI, Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie, Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas, Bacto-100, sodium propionate, sodium benzoate, propylparaben, sodium propylparaben, potassium sorbate, potassium benzoate, phenylethyl alcohol, sodium, ethylparaben, methylparaben, butylparaben, bezira alcohol, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, 1,2-benzothiazol-3-one, Preventol® (Lanxess®), butylhydroxytoluene, potassium sorbate, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethyl carbonate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, 2,3,Iodine-containing organic compounds such as 3-triiodoallyl alcohol and parachlorophenyl-3-iodopropargyl formal; benzimidazole compounds and benzothiazole compounds such as 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole and 2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole; triazole compounds such as 1-(2-(2’,4’-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, 1-(2-(2’,4’-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, and α-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol; and one or more of naturally occurring compounds such as 4-isopropyltropolone (hinokitiol) and borax or salts or derivatives thereof. The antioxidants include sodium or potassium bisulfite, sulfurous acid, ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, imidazole and imidazole derivatives (such as urocanic acid), 4,4’-thiobis-6-t-butyl-3-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), and pentaerythrityl tetrakis[3-(3,5,-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)]propionate; amine antioxidants such as N,N’-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; hydroquinoline antioxidants such as 2,5-di(t-amyl)hydroquinoline; phosphorus-containing antioxidants such as triphenyl phosphate propylthiouracil, hydroquinone and its derivatives (such as arbutin), ubiquinone and ubiquinol, and their derivatives, ascorbyl palmitate, stearate, di-palmitate, acetate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, diiso-dium ascorbyl phosphate and sulfate, ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate potassium, isoascorbic acid, and its derivatives, rutinyldisulfate disodium, dibutylhydroxytoluene, 4,4-thiobis-6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol, butylhydroxyanisole, p-octylphenol, mono-(di- or tri-)methylbenzylphenol, 2,It contains one or more of, but is not limited to, 6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, pentaerythritol-tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), butylhydroxyanisole, and trihydroxybutyrophenone. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known preservatives can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The preservatives are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.,

[0104] According to one embodiment, the preservative or bactericide or fungicide or biocide or antimicrobial agent or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the preservative or bactericide or fungicide or biocide or antimicrobial agent or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 2% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the preservative or bactericide or fungicide or biocide or antimicrobial agent or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0105] According to one embodiment, the structuring agent used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of a thickener, a viscosity modifier, a tackifier, a suspending aid, a rheology modifier, or a sedimentation inhibitor. The structuring agent prevents the sedimentation of the active ingredient particles after long-term storage.

[0106] According to one embodiment, the structuring agent used in the composition is one or more polymers such as polyacryl, polyacrylamide, polysaccharides, modified cellulose derivatives, cellulose derivatives, carboxyvinyl, or copolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and derivatives; clays such as bentonite clay, kaolin, smectite, attapulgite, ataclay, veegum, high surface area banger, silica, and natural gums such as guar gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, ramulus sangui gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan, welan gum, dextrin, polyacrylic acid and its sodium salt; fumed silica, a mixture of fumed silica and fumed aluminum oxide, swellable polymers, swelling clays, polyamides or their derivatives; polyols such as poly(vinyl acetate), sodium polyacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol), phospholipids (such as cephalin, etc.); including but not limited to stachyose, fructooligosaccharides, amylose, pectin, alginate, hydrocolloid, and mixtures thereof. Also, cellulose such as carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxy-methyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl propyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose; starch, acetate starch, starch hydroxyethyl ether, ionic starch, long-chain alkyl starch, dextrin, maltodextrin, corn starch, amine starch, phosphate starch, and dialdehyde starch; plant starches such as corn starch and potato starch; other carbohydrates such as pectin, amylopectin, xylan, glycogen, agar, gluten, alginic acid, phycocolloid, chitosan, or their derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known structuring agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0107] Preferred structuring agents include one or more of xanthan gum, aluminum silicate, methylcellulose, polysaccharides, alkaline earth metal silicates, veegum, bentonite, attapulgite, kaolin, and polyvinyl alcohol. The structuring agents are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0108] According to one embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 4% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 3% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 2% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 0.1% w / w of the composition.

[0109] According to one embodiment, the antifreeze or cryoprotectant used in the liquid suspension composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol, monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, glycol ethers, glycol ethers, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol such as glycol monoethers, methyl and ethyl diethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol or urea such as glycol diethers, glycerol, isopropanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, di- or tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, or carbohydrates such as glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, xylose, arabinose, sorbitol, mannitol, trehalose, raffinose, or derivatives thereof. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different antifreezes can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The antifreeze is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0110] According to one embodiment, the chelating agent, complexing agent, or sequestering agent used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, lignosulfonate, polyacrylic acid, and polycarboxylic acids such as various hydrolyzed poly(methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride); N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), N,N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, and N,N,N',N",N"-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; α-hydroxy acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and gluconic acid; orthophosphates such as trisodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, and monosodium phosphate; condensed phosphates such as sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium tetrapolyphosphate; 5-sulfo-8-hydroxyquinoline; and one or more of 3,5-disulfopyrocatechol, polycarboxylate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine-triacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminediacetate (EDDA), ethylenediamine bis(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (EDDHA), cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA), polyethyleneamine polyacetic acid, lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, potassium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonate, fulvic acid, humic acid, citric acid, cyclodextrin, phytic acid, humic acid, and pyrophosphoric acid. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other chelating agents, complexing agents, or sequestering agents can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. Chelating agents, complexing agents, or sequestering agents are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0111] According to one embodiment, the penetrant used in the pesticidal composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of alcohol, glycol, glycol ether, ester, amine, alkanolamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium compound, triglyceride, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane hexaoleate, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane trioleate, ethoxylated triglyceride, ethoxylated polyol ester, alkoxylated alkanol, and also alkoxylated triglyceride fatty acid ester, fatty acid ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, or dimethyl sulfoxide, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane monooleate, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane dioleate, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different penetrants can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. The penetrant is manufactured for commercial use and is available from various companies.

[0112] According to one embodiment, the ultraviolet absorber is selected from one or more of, but not limited to, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, lignosulfonate, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, bis(anilido)oxalic acid 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl ester, dimethyl succinate-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine polycondensate, benzotriazole compounds such as 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-n-octoxyphenyl)benzotriazole; benzophenone compounds such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; salicylic acid compounds such as phenyl salicylate and p-t-butylphenyl salicylate; 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, bis(anilido)oxalic acid 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl ester, and dimethyl succinate-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine polycondensate or derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different ultraviolet absorbers can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. Such ultraviolet absorbers are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0113] According to one embodiment, a UV scattering agent including, but not limited to, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, etc. may be used. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that different UV scattering agents or mixtures thereof can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. Such UV scattering agents are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0114] According to one embodiment, the humectant is selected from, but not limited to, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene copolymers, especially block copolymers, or salts, derivatives thereof, such as the Synperonic PE series of copolymers available from Uniqema. Other humectants include propylene glycol, monoethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol), and glycerol, etc.; polyhydric alcohols or their derivatives. Also, other humectants include aloe vera gel, alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, albumin, glyceryl triacetate, honey, calcium chloride, etc. The nonionic surfactants mentioned above also act as humectants. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other conventionally known humectants can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention. Humectants are manufactured for commercial use and are available from various companies.

[0115] According to one embodiment, the humectant is present in the range of 0.1% - 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the humectant is present in the range of 0.1% - 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the humectant is present in the range of 0.1% - 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0116] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition contains at least one additional active ingredient. According to one embodiment, the active ingredient includes at least one pesticidal active substance; nutrients selected from macronutrients and micronutrients; biostimulants; fertilizers; plant growth regulators; algae, and mixtures thereof. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other active ingredients can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0117] According to one embodiment, the pest-killing active substance includes one or more of a biocide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a herbicide, a nematicide, a pheromone agent, a defoliant, a mite control agent, a plant growth regulator, an algicide, a feeding inhibitor, a bird poison, a bactericide, a bird repellent, a biopesticide, a biocide, a sterilizing agent, a toxicity alleviating agent, an insect attractant, an insect repellent, an insect growth regulator, a mammalian repellent, a mating disruptor, a disinfectant, a mollusk control agent, an antibacterial agent, a miticide, an ovicide, a fumigant, a plant active agent, a rodenticide, a synergist, a virucide, a microbial pesticide, a plant-introduced protectant, other miscellaneous pest-killing active substances or salts or derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other pest-killing active substances can be utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0118] According to a further embodiment, the further active ingredient is present in a concentration range of 0.1% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the active ingredient may be present in a concentration range of 0.1% w / w to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the active ingredient may be present in a concentration range of 0.1% w / w to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the active ingredient may be present in a concentration range of 0.1% w / w to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the active ingredient may be present in a concentration range of 0.1% w / w to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0119] Surprisingly, the pest-killing agent composition of the present invention has physical properties of enhanced and improved dispersibility, suspension, hydration, viscosity, injectability, abrasion resistance, and hardness, thereby making it easier to handle and reducing the reduction of materials during handling of the product during packaging and during field application.

[0120] According to one embodiment, the pest-killing agent composition in the form of a liquid suspension does not precipitate or settle during storage and can be easily poured. This property can be measured with respect to the fluid viscosity, which is a measure of its resistance to progressive deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.

[0121] According to one embodiment, the viscosity of the liquid composition is determined according to CIPAC MT-192. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 3000 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 2500 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 2000 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 1500 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 1200 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 1000 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 800 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 500 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 400 cps. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a viscosity at 25 °C of from about 10 cps to about 300 cps.

[0122] According to one embodiment, the liquid suspension composition of the present invention can be easily poured. Pourability is a measure of the percentage of residue. According to one embodiment, the pourability of the pesticidal composition is determined according to CIPAC MT-148.1. According to a further embodiment, the pourability of the pesticidal composition is less than 5% residue. According to a further embodiment, the pourability of the pesticidal composition is preferably less than 2.5% residue. According to a further embodiment, the pourability of the pesticidal composition is more preferably less than 2.0% residue.

[0123] Suspensibility is defined as the amount of active ingredient suspended after a given time in a column of liquid of a specified height, expressed as a percentage of the amount of active ingredient in the original suspension. The test for suspensibility is carried out according to the CIPAC Handbook, "MT184 Test for Suspensibility".

[0124] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a suspensibility of at least 50%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a suspensibility of at least 60%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a suspensibility of at least 70%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a suspensibility of at least 80%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a suspensibility of at least 90%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a suspensibility of at least 99%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a suspensibility of 100%.

[0125] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates excellent suspensibility under accelerated storage conditions (ATS). According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a suspensibility of at least 90% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a suspensibility of at least 80% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a suspensibility of at least 70% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a suspensibility of at least 60% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a suspensibility of at least 50% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a suspensibility of at least 40% under ATS.

[0126] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition in the form of a wettable granule exhibits substantially immediate dispersion.

[0127] The dispersibility of the composition of the present application can be determined according to the standard CIPAC test, MT174. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a dispersibility of at least 50%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a dispersibility of at least 60%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a dispersibility of at least 70%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a dispersibility of at least 80%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a dispersibility of at least 90%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a dispersibility of at least 99%. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a dispersibility of 100%.

[0128] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a dispersibility of at least 90% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a dispersibility of at least 80% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a dispersibility of at least 70% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a dispersibility of at least 60% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a dispersibility of at least 50% under ATS. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates a dispersibility of at least 40% under ATS.

[0129] Hydratability is a hydratable condition or state, which can be defined as the degree to which a solid is hydrated by a liquid and is measured by the adhesion force between the solid phase and the liquid phase. The hydratability of a granular composition or a wettable powder composition is measured using the standard CIPAC test MT-53, which describes the procedure for determining the time for complete hydration of a formulation that is easy to hydrate. A weighed amount of the granular composition is dropped into water in a beaker from a specific height, and the time for complete hydration is determined. According to another embodiment, the pesticidal composition in the form of a granular wettable powder, wettable powder, spheronized granule, or spray granule has a hydratability of less than 2 minutes. According to another embodiment, the hydratability is less than 1 minute. According to another embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a hydratability of less than 30 seconds.

[0130] The spheroidized granular composition is formulated in such a way that the granules are given sufficient hardness to prevent them from disintegrating during storage and transportation. The hardness exhibited by the granules can be estimated by a hardness tester such as those provided by Erweka, Shimadzu, Brinell Hardness (AKB-3000 model), Mecmesin, Agilent, Vinsyst, Ametek, Dr. Shleuniger, Electrolab, and Rockwell. According to one embodiment, the hardness exhibited by the granules is less than 100 Newtons (N). According to one embodiment, the hardness exhibited by the granules is less than 90 Newtons (N). According to one embodiment, the hardness exhibited by the granules is less than 80 Newtons. According to one embodiment, the hardness exhibited by the granules is less than 70 Newtons. According to one embodiment, the hardness exhibited by the granules is less than 60 Newtons. According to one embodiment, the hardness exhibited by the granules is less than 50 Newtons.

[0131] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition in the form of spheroidized granules makes the active ingredient available immediately and over a longer period, if possible throughout the crop cycle, and ultimately enhances and protects the crop at all stages of the crop cycle, providing an immediate and sustained release of the active ingredient.

[0132] According to one embodiment, the wettable granule composition of the present invention has little hardness.

[0133] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition in the form of a wettable granule or a liquid suspension passes the wet sieve residue test. The test is used to determine the amount of non-dispersible material in the formulation applied as an aqueous dispersion. The wet sieve residue values of the pesticide composition in the form of a liquid suspension and granules are measured by using Standard CIPAC Test MT-185, which describes the procedure for measuring the amount of material retained on the sieve. A sample of the formulation is dispersed in water, and the resulting suspension is transferred to a sieve and washed. The amount of material retained on the sieve is determined by drying and weighing.

[0134] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition in the form of a granular wettable powder or a liquid suspension has a wet sieve residue value of less than 0.5% through a 75-micron sieve. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a wet sieve residue value of less than 0.2% through a 75-micron sieve. According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition has a wet sieve residue value of less than 0.1% through a 75-micron sieve. A wet sieve residue value of less than 0.5% indicates that the pesticidal composition helps with the easy application of the formulation to prevent clogging of nozzles or filtration devices.

[0135] According to one embodiment, the pesticidal composition demonstrates excellent stability against heat, light, temperature, and caking. According to one embodiment, the stability exhibited by the pesticidal composition is at least 3 years. According to a further embodiment, the stability exhibited by the pesticidal composition is at least 2 years. According to a further embodiment, the stability exhibited by the pesticidal composition is at least 1 year. According to a further embodiment, the stability exhibited by the pesticidal composition is at least 6 months.

[0136] According to one embodiment, the present invention further relates to a process for preparing a composition of the present invention comprising elemental sulfur present in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof present in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0137] According to a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a pesticidal composition in the form of a granular wettable powder, spheronized granules, liquid suspension, wettable powder, suspoemulsion, water-dispersible powder (WS) for seed coating, and suspension concentrate (FS) for seed coating.

[0138] According to a further embodiment, the pesticidal composition in the form of a wettable granule or a spheronized granule is produced by various methods such as spray drying, fluid bed granulation, disk granulation, pan granulation, pin agglomerator, spherical sizing machine, freeze drying, or combinations thereof. It is also possible to extrude the granules with an extruder to obtain extruded granules.

[0139] The present invention also relates to a process for preparing a pesticidal composition in the form of a wettable granule, comprising: a) grinding a blend of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim together with at least one agrochemical excipient to obtain a slurry or a hydrated mixture with particles in the size range of 0.1 to 50 microns; and b) drying the hydrated mixture and sieving the dried mixture to remove small-sized and large-sized granules to obtain a wettable granule, wherein the granules of the composition consist of granules in the size range of 0.05 mm to 3 mm. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is possible to modify or alter or change the process or process parameters without departing from the scope of the present invention to obtain a wettable granule composition.

[0140] The present invention also relates to a process for preparing an extruded granular pesticidal composition, comprising grinding a blend of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim or its salt or its derivatives together with at least one agrochemical excipient to obtain a slurry or a hydrated mixture with particles in the size range of 0.1 to 50 microns, drying the hydrated mixture to obtain a dried mixture, adding water to the dried mixture and blending to obtain a dough or a paste, then extruding it through an extruder and drying to obtain extruded granules in the size range of 0.05 mm to 6 mm. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is possible to modify or alter or change the process or process parameters without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0141] According to another embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing spray granules or water-disintegrating granules or spheronized granules, which comprises grinding a blend of elemental sulfur and triflumizole or its salts or derivatives thereof together with at least one agrochemical excipient to obtain a slurry or hydrated mixture having a desired particle size. The process particularly comprises grinding a blend of elemental sulfur, triflumizole, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to obtain a ground powder mixture. This ground powder mixture is then granulated with water, to which a suitable binder may be added. Once the desired consistency is reached, the hydrated mass is extruded using a suitable extruder and then spheronized to obtain spherical granules. The spherical granules are then dried in a box dryer or a fluidized bed dryer to obtain water-disintegrating granules. The dried granules are then sieved to remove undersized and oversized granules to obtain granules of uniform particle size. The powder or fine granules are further subjected to agglomeration in an agglomerator to obtain granules of a size from about 0.1 mm to 6 mm. According to one embodiment, during the process of preparing the composition for production, the composition comprises at least one filler or carrier. The agglomerator can include various machines such as a disk granulator or a pan granulator, a pin agglomerator, an extruder, a spherical sizing machine, or combinations thereof. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is possible to modify or alter or change the process or process parameters without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0142] According to another embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a wettable powder composition. The process includes mixing an effective amount of triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof with the required diluent and inert ingredients to obtain a first mixture. Then, elemental sulfur is mixed with a surfactant to obtain a second mixture. Then, both mixtures are added to a mass mixer for 30 minutes and passed through an air jet mill to obtain a wettable powder composition having a desired particle size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is possible to modify or alter or change the process or process parameters without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0143] According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a liquid suspension pesticidal composition. The process includes homogenizing a mixture of elemental sulfur, triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof, and at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient to obtain a suspension, and wet milling the obtained suspension to provide a composition having a desired particle size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is possible to modify or alter or change the process or process parameters without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0144] The present invention relates to a process for preparing a liquid suspension or a suspension concentrate (FS) composition for seed treatment, the process including homogenizing a mixture of elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 60% w / w of the total composition, triflumizopyrim in the range of 0.1% w / w to 40% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient to obtain a suspension, and wet milling the obtained suspension to provide a composition having a particle size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns.

[0145] The process for preparing the liquid suspension composition involves homogenizing one or more of the excipients by feeding them into a container having a stirring function, and b) adding an amount of elemental sulfur and triflumizole or its salts or derivatives thereof to the homogenized blend and continuously stirring for about 5 - 10 minutes until the entire mixture becomes homogeneous. Subsequently, the resulting suspension is passed through a wet mill to obtain a desired particle size in the range of 0.1 - 50 microns. Then, under continuous homogenization, the necessary amount of structuring agent is added to the resulting suspension. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is possible to modify or alter or change the process or process parameters without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0146] The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a suspoemulsion pesticidal composition, which comprises dissolving a wetting agent and a dispersing agent in water to obtain a mixture, and subsequently adding a humectant, an anti-foaming agent (if necessary), and elemental sulfur to obtain a homogenized suspension, which is further ground to obtain a desired particle size (first sub-portion). Triflumizole is dissolved in an oil or a solvent, and subsequently, a surfactant is added to prepare a concentrated emulsion together with the required pesticide excipients to obtain a second sub-portion. Then, the two obtained sub-portions are mixed for 30 minutes using a homogenizer. Then, a structuring agent and a preservative are added to the blend under stirring, if necessary, to obtain a suspoemulsion composition having a desired particle size of 0.1 - 50 microns.

[0147] According to one embodiment, the present invention further relates to a method of applying the composition. The composition is applied by various methods to ensure that the composition penetrates the soil. The composition is applied by methods such as seedbed tray application, in-row application, soil irrigation, soil injection, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, seed treatment, seed coating, and other such methods. The composition is also applied in the form of foliar spraying.

[0148] According to one embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting crops, controlling plant pathogens, controlling pests, improving the health and growth of crops, increasing crop yields, strengthening plants, and increasing the defense of crops. The method includes treating at least one of a plant, a part or portion thereof, plant propagation material, seeds, seedlings, or the surrounding soil with a pesticidal composition comprising elemental sulfur present in the range of 25% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition, and triflumizopyrim or a salt or a derivative thereof in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition. The composition may be sprayed directly onto the plant, for example its leaves, or applied to the plant propagation material or a portion thereof before sowing or planting.

[0149] The pace or dosage of application of the composition depends on the type of crop or the specific active ingredient in the composition, but is such that the pesticidal active ingredient is in an effective amount to provide desired effects such as crop protection and crop yield.

[0150] It has been observed that the compositions of the present invention provide good control against insect pests as compared to the application of individual active substances. Furthermore, such compositions help to improve crop yields and enhance physiological properties of the crops, etc. In this way, it has been observed that the compositions of the present invention demonstrate enhanced, effective and excellent behavior in the field at reduced dosages.

Examples

[0151] A. Preparation Examples The following examples illustrate the basic methodology and versatility of the compositions of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these illustrations. The form of the composition, excipients, and the concentration of the active substances and excipients can be replaced by any other form, excipients, and concentration as encompassed by the present invention.

[0152] I. Granular Composition of Elemental Sulfur and Triflumizopyrim <Example 1: Granular Wettable Powder Composition of 88% Elemental Sulfur and 2% Triflumizopyrim> 88 parts of elemental sulfur, 2 parts of triflumizopyrim, 1 part of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, 5 parts of Tensiofix LX, and 4 parts of Morwet D425 were blended to obtain a homogeneous blend, and a water dispersible granular composition was prepared by mixing the obtained blend with water in a suitable mixer and grinding to form a slurry or a hydrated mixture.

[0153] The obtained ground hydrated slurry was spray-dried at an inlet temperature of less than 175 °C and an outlet temperature of less than 90 °C to obtain a granular powder. The composition had a particle size of about 12 microns (D90) and a granule size of 0.5 - 1.5 mm. The composition had 91% dispersibility, 82% suspension, a wet sieve residue value of 0.1%, and a hydration property of less than 60 sec. The composition further demonstrated 88% dispersibility and about 80% suspension under accelerated storage conditions.

[0154] <Example 2: Granular Hydratable Agent Composition of 30% Elemental Sulfur and 50% Triflumizopyrim> 30 parts of elemental sulfur, 50 parts of triflumizopyrim, 5 parts of Tersperse 2105, 3 parts of Morwet EFW, 7 parts of lignin sulfonate, and 5 parts of kaolin were blended, and granules were prepared according to the process described in Example 1. The composition had a particle size of about 10 microns (D90) and a granule size of 1.0 - 1.5 mm. The composition had 87% dispersibility, 80% suspension, a wet sieve residue value of 0.1%, and a hydration property of less than 50 sec. The composition further demonstrated 83% dispersibility and about 75% suspension under accelerated storage conditions.

[0155] <Example 3: Granular Hydratable Agent Composition of 50% Elemental Sulfur and 35% Triflumizopyrim> By blending 50 parts of elemental sulfur, 35 parts of triflumizole, 2 parts of polycarboxylic acid, 1 part of Geropon T77, 10 parts of Ufoxane 3A, and 2 parts of clay, granules were prepared according to the process described in Example 1. The composition had a particle size of about 15 microns (D90) and a granule size of 1.0 - 2.0 mm. The composition had a dispersibility of 85%, a suspensibility of 79%, a wet sieve residue value of 0.15%, and a hydration property of less than 60 sec. The composition further demonstrated a dispersibility of 80% and a suspensibility of about 74% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0156] <Example 4: Extruded Granular Composition of 85% Elemental Sulfur and 1% Triflumizole> Extruded granules were prepared by blending 85 parts of elemental sulfur, 1 part of triflumizole, 7 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 1 part of silica (precipitated), 2 parts of Tamol Fbp1, and 4 parts of kaolin. The resulting blend was dry milled to obtain a mixture of the desired particle size. Water was added to the blend to form a dough, which was then extruded to obtain extruded granules. The composition had a particle size of about 25 microns (D90) and a granule size of 2.5 - 5.3 mm. The composition had a dispersibility of 80%, a suspensibility of 75%, a wet sieve residue value of 0.2%, and a hydration property of less than 60 sec. The composition further demonstrated a dispersibility of 74% and a suspensibility of about 70% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0157] <Example 5: Water-Disintegrating Granular Composition of 80% Elemental Sulfur and 10% Triflumizole> The composition was prepared by blending 80 parts of elemental sulfur and 10 parts of triflumizole, 5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate and 5 parts of bentonite to obtain a blend. The resulting blend was milled to obtain a powder with a particle size of less than 50 microns. The powder was mixed with water in a suitable mixer to form a hydrated mass. The hydrated mass was extruded through an extruder equipped with a suitable sieve and spheronized using a spherical granulator to obtain spherical granules. The hydrated granules thus obtained were dried in a fluidized bed dryer or a box dryer. The sample had a particle size of 2.5 - 4.0 mm and a particle diameter of 25 microns (D90). The granular composition had a hardness of 145 N, a dispersibility of 44%, and a suspension property of 42%. The composition further demonstrated a dispersibility of 40% and a suspension property of approximately 37% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0158] <Example 6: Water - Disintegrable Granular Composition of 95% Elemental Sulfur and 0.5% Triflumizole> Granules were prepared according to the process described in Example 6, containing 95 parts of elemental sulfur, 0.5 part of triflumizole, 3.5 parts of sodium polycarboxylate, and 1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate. The sample had a particle size of 2.0 - 3.5 mm and a particle diameter of 20 microns (D90). The granular composition had a hardness of 240 N, a dispersibility of 56%, and a suspension property of 55%. The composition further demonstrated a dispersibility of 52% and a suspension property of approximately 54% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0159] II. Liquid Suspension Composition of Elemental Sulfur and Triflumizole <Example 1: Liquid Suspension Composition of 45% Elemental Sulfur and 10% Triflumizole> The liquid suspension composition was prepared by mixing 45 parts of elemental sulfur, 10 parts of triflumizole, 5 parts of monoethylene glycol, 2.5 parts of Morwet D425, 0.5 part of Resicare Msw, 0.5 part of potassium sorbate, 0.2 part of silicone antifoam, and water (sufficient amount), and homogenized by feeding them into a container with a stirring function until the whole mixture was homogenized. Subsequently, the obtained suspension was passed through a wet mill to obtain a suspension having a particle diameter of 10 microns (D90). Then, 0.15 part of xanthan gum was added under continuous homogenization to obtain a suspension concentrate. The composition had a suspension property of approximately 92%, a dispersibility of 95%, a viscosity of approximately 530 cps, an injectability of less than 1.2%, and a wet - sieve residue value of less than 0.1%. The composition had a suspension property of approximately 85%, a dispersibility of 90%, and a viscosity of approximately 590 cps under accelerated storage conditions.

[0160] <Example 2: Liquid Suspension Composition of 25% Elemental Sulfur and 30% Triflumizole> According to Example 1, a liquid suspension composition was prepared using 25 parts of sulfur, 30 parts of triflumizole, 5 parts of propylene glycol, 4 parts of Reax88A, 1.5 parts of Geropon T36, 0.1 part of benzisothiazolinone, 0.2 part of silicon antifoam, 0.2 part of xanthan gum, and water (sufficient amount). The composition had a particle size of 8 microns (D90), a suspension of about 85%, a dispersibility of 90%, a viscosity of about 750 cps, an injectability of less than 1.5%, and a wet sieve residue value of less than 0.1%. The composition had a suspension of about 79%, a dispersibility of 84%, and a viscosity of about 830 cps under accelerated storage conditions.

[0161] <Example 3: Liquid Suspension Composition of 30% Elemental Sulfur and 15% Triflumizole> According to Example 1, a liquid suspension composition was prepared using 30 parts of sulfur, 15 parts of triflumizole, 5 parts of monoethylene glycol, 1.5 parts of Soprophor 3D33, 2.5 parts of Power Blox SN, 0.1 part of benzisothiazolinone, 0.2 part of xanthan gum, 0.2 part of silicone antifoam, and water (sufficient amount). The composition had a particle size of 15 microns (D90), a suspension of about 70%, a dispersibility of 75%, a viscosity of about 1250 cps, an injectability of less than 2.0%, and a wet sieve residue value of less than 0.5%. The composition had a suspension of about 65%, a dispersibility of 65%, and a viscosity of about 1300 cps under accelerated storage conditions.

[0162] <Example 4: Suspoemulsion Composition of 35% Elemental Sulfur and 3% Triflumizole> Water (sufficient amount) was taken in a beaker, and 5 parts of propylene glycol, 2 parts of Powerblox SN, and 2 parts of Stepack TSPK were added with stirring to prepare a suspoemulsion composition. 35 parts of industrial sulfur was added to this mixture and stirred to obtain a homogeneous suspension. The mixture was passed through a wet mill to obtain a desired particle size. If necessary to obtain SC, a few drops of antifoaming agent were added. Subsequently, 3 parts of triflumizole was dissolved in 7 parts of cyclohexanone, and then 4.5 parts of alcohol ethoxylate was added to obtain an oil phase. The oil phase was added to the sulfur SC while vigorously stirring using a homogenizer. Finally, 0.08 part of xanthan gum and 0.1 part of benzisothiazolinone biocide were added with stirring to obtain a suspoemulsion composition of sulfur and triflumizole. The formulation had a particle size of 3.4 microns and a viscosity of 670 cps. After ATS, the particle size was 3.7 microns and the viscosity was 710 cps.

[0163] <Example 5: Seed coating composition (FS) of 32% elemental sulfur and 3.8% triflumizole> A flowable suspension composition was prepared by mixing 5 parts of glycerol, 2.5 parts of sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, and 0.5 part of polyalkylene silicone surfactant in water (sufficient amount). 32 parts of elemental sulfur, 3.8 parts of triflumizole, and 2.5 parts of Irgalite Red C2B red pigment were added and mixed well to form a homogeneous slurry. This slurry was ground using a suitable wet mill to obtain a particle size of 4 microns (D90). An antifoaming agent was added to control foaming. 0.15 part of xanthan gum and 0.5 part of potassium sorbate were added to the ground slurry and mixed well. The resulting seed coating suspension had a viscosity of 470 cps, an injectability of 1.7%, and a viscosity of 450 cps and an injectability of 1.4% after storage at accelerated temperature.

[0164] B. Field investigation <Field Trial 1: Investigating the effect of a composition containing elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim for controlling the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in rice> A field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a combination of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim against insect pests in rice crops. During the Kharif season, i.e., from June to September, the trial was planned in a randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments including an untreated control, and replicated 4 times. The test product samples, sulfur and triflumizopyrim, were applied alone and in combination at the specified dosages as foliar applications at the ETL (10 - 15 jumping insects / hill). The rice crops in the trial fields were cultivated following good agricultural practices.

[0165]

Table 1

[0166] The number of brown planthoppers (BPH) was observed at the ETL from each location and the average data regarding the number of BPH (28 DAA) was recorded at harvest along with the grain yield and presented in Table 1. The following formula Control (%) = [(Average number of jumping insects / hill in the control plot - Average number of jumping insects / hill in the treated plot) / Average number of jumping insects / hill in the control plot] × 100 was used to calculate the percentage of control.

[0167] "Synergistic effect" is as defined by Colby S.R. in the paper titled "Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations" published in Weeds, 1967, 15, pages 20 - 22. The expected action for a given combination of two active ingredients can be calculated as follows E = X + Y - (XY / 100) as follows [where E = % effect by a mixture of two products X and Y at the specified dose, as expected. X = % effect by product A, as observed Y = % effect by product B, as observed].

[0168] [Table 2]

[0169] From Table 1, compared to the individual treatments of sulfur (T5), triflumizopyrim (T6), and market standard (T7), Treatment 1 (T1) using sulfur 60% + triflumizopyrim 1% WG @ 2500 g / ha according to an embodiment of the present invention; Treatment 2 (T2) using sulfur 45% + triflumizopyrim 0.75% SC @ 3334 g / ha according to an embodiment of the present invention; Treatment 3 (T3) using sulfur 88% + triflumizopyrim 1.45% WG @ 1705 g / ha according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Treatment 4 (T4) using sulfur 25% + triflumizopyrim 0.42% SC @ 6000 g / ha, it can be seen that the application was very effective in controlling BPH in rice after application. Treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 showed 93.3%, 93.6%, 93.7%, and 93.4% reduction in BPH, respectively, compared to the untreated control, and it can be seen that they showed a greater reduction in pests compared to the individual treatments using sulfur, triflumizopyrim, and market standard.

[0170] From the data presented in Table 1, it can be confirmed that the compositions containing elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim in the form of wettable granules (WG) and suspension concentrates (SC) prepared according to embodiments of the present invention have synergistic properties and are effective in controlling brown planthopper (BPH) in rice. The synergistic compositions prepared according to embodiments of the present invention also improved the physiological properties of the crops such as crop yield, root length, plant height, fruit size, and improved leaves compared to the individual applications of sulfur, triflumizopyrim, and the untreated plots. In this way, it was observed that the compositions of the present invention demonstrated enhanced, effective, and excellent behavior in the field.

[0171] The surprising synergistic results of treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 are attributed to a composition of sulfur and triflumizopyrim according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein these active substances are present in a specific concentration in a single composition. The enhanced efficacy is further attributed to the form of the composition, namely, a granule wettable powder and a suspension concentrate containing particles in the size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns.

[0172] <Field trial 2: Investigating the effect of a composition containing elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim for controlling aphids in cotton> A field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a combination of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim on insect pests in cotton crops. During the caliph season, i.e., from June to September, the trial was planned according to a randomized block design (RBD), with 8 treatments including an untreated control, and repeated 4 times. The test product samples, sulfur and triflumizopyrim, were applied alone and in combination at a specified dosage as a foliar application by ETL (2 - 3 aphids / leaf). The cotton crops in the trial fields were cultivated according to good agricultural practices.

[0173] [Table 3]

[0174] Observations on the number of aphids per 10 cotton crop leaves were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days after application, and the average data on the number of aphids per 10 leaves and the yield data at harvest were recorded and presented in Table 2.

[0175] [Table 4]

[0176] Based on the number of aphids observed for the treatments using sulfur and triflumizopyrim alone, the expected percentage reduction of aphids was calculated using the Colby method as mentioned above, and the calculated percentage reduction of aphids is shown in Table 3 below, along with the actual percentage reduction of aphids calculated for Treatments T1 - T7 based on the number of aphids observed and presented in Table 2.

[0177]

Table 5

[0178] From the results presented in Table 3, it can be confirmed that Treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 using compositions consisting of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim in the form of wettable granules (WG), suspension concentrates (SC), and suspoemulsions (SE) according to embodiments of the present invention at different concentrations demonstrate synergistic control of aphids in cotton crops. For example, from Table 3, the percentage reductions observed for Treatment T1, namely 69.57%, 80.00%, 85.71%, 88.29%, and 89.08% for 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, and 14 days after application respectively, are higher compared to the expected percentage reductions of aphids calculated using the Colby method, namely 46.71%, 71.76%, 81.05%, 83.35%, and 83.75% respectively. Similarly, Treatments T2, T3, T4, and T5 using compositions according to embodiments of the present invention at different concentrations show a synergistic effect in the control of aphids in cotton.

[0179] Therefore, it can be noted that compositions consisting of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim in various formulation types with specific particle sizes and concentrations according to embodiments of the present invention have synergistic properties and provide better control against insect pests compared to the application of individual active substances.

[0180] <Field Trial 3: Investigate the effect of a composition containing elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim for controlling the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in rice at reduced dosages> A field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a combination of elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim on insect pests in rice crops at reduced dosages. During the Kharif season, i.e., from June to September, the trial was planned in a randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments including an untreated control, and replicated 4 times. The test product samples, sulfur and triflumizopyrim, were applied alone and in combination at the specified dosages as foliar applications at the ETL (10 - 15 hopping insects / hill). The rice crops in the trial fields were cultivated following good agricultural practices.

[0181]

Table 6

[0182] The number of brown planthoppers (BPH) was observed at the ETL from each location, and the average data on the number of BPH (28 DAA) was recorded at harvest along with the grain yield and presented in Table 4. The following formula Control (%) = [(Average number of hopping insects / hill in the control plot - Average number of hopping insects / hill in the treated plot) / Average number of hopping insects / hill in the control plot] × 100 was used to calculate the percentage control and presented in Table 4.

[0183]

Table 7

[0184] From Table 4, compared with the individual treatments of sulfur (T7), triflumizopyrim (T8), and market standard (T9), Treatment 1 (T1) using sulfur 90% + triflumizopyrim 1.5% WP @ 1667 g / ha, Treatment 2 (T2) using sulfur 75% + triflumizopyrim 1.25% WG @ 2000 g / ha, and Treatment 3 (T3) using sulfur 30% + triflumizopyrim 0.5% SC @ 5000 g / ha according to the embodiments of the present invention were found to be very effective in the synergistic control of BPH in rice. Compared with the individual treatments using sulfur and triflumizopyrim and market standard, which showed a reduction in BPH of 14.54%, 86.31%, and 87.90% respectively compared to the untreated control, it can be seen that Treatments T1, T2, and T3 showed a reduction in BPH of 95.22%, 94.48%, and 94.59% respectively compared to the untreated control.

[0185] Furthermore, surprisingly, compared with the individual treatments using sulfur and triflumizopyrim and market standard, which showed a reduction in BPH of 14.54%, 86.31%, and 87.90% respectively compared to the untreated control, Treatment 4 (T4) using sulfur 90% + triflumizopyrim 1.5% WP @ 1200 g / ha, Treatment 5 (T5) using sulfur 75% + triflumizopyrim 1.25% WG @ 1360 g / ha, and Treatment 6 (T6) using sulfur 30% + triflumizopyrim 0.5% SC @ 4000 g / ha according to the embodiments of the present invention, applied at reduced dosages (g.a.i / ha), were observed to demonstrate a reduction in BPH of 90.66%, 91.93%, and 95.75% respectively compared to the untreated control. 。

[0186] The surprising results of Treatments T1 - T6 are attributed to the compositions of sulfur and triflumizopyrim according to the embodiments of the present invention, in which these active substances are present in a specific concentration and particle size in a single composition.

[0187] <Field Trial 4: Investigating the effect of compositions containing elemental sulfur and triflumizopyrim in the form of GR and DP for controlling aphids in cotton> Field trials were conducted to investigate the effect of the combination of elemental sulfur and triflumizole against insect pests in cotton crops. During the Cali season, i.e., from June to September, the trials were planned according to a randomized block design (RBD), with five treatments including an untreated control, and replicated four times. Test product samples, sulfur and triflumizole, were applied alone and in combination at the specified dosages as foliar applications via ETL (2 - 3 aphids / leaf). Cotton crops in the trial fields were cultivated according to good agricultural practices.

[0188]

Table 8

[0189]

Table 9

[0190] From Table 5, it can be confirmed that treatments T1 and T2 using the compositions containing sulfur and triflumizole according to embodiments of the present invention, in the form of extruded granules (GR) and dusting powders (DP), were very effective regarding the synergistic control of aphids in cotton, compared to the individual treatments using sulfur (T3) and triflumizole (T4). The synergistic compositions prepared according to embodiments of the present invention also improved the crop yield compared to the individual applications of sulfur, triflumizole, and the untreated plots.

[0191] The inventors of the present invention evaluated compositions of elemental sulfur and triflumizole or salts or derivatives thereof for crops such as rice and cotton. It has been observed that the compositions of the present invention provide enhanced control of various pests such as planthoppers and leafhoppers, even when applied at reduced dosages, compared to the application of the individual active substances. Furthermore, the compositions of the present invention not only help improve crop yields but also exhibit enhanced physiological characteristics of the crops such as root length, plant height, fruit size, and improved leaves. In this way, it has been observed that the compositions of the present invention demonstrate enhanced, effective, and excellent behavior in the field.

[0192] The inventors have determined that the compositions according to embodiments of the present invention, which are in the form of granules having a combination of characteristics such as a specific granule size and particle size, or wettable powders having a specific size range, exhibit good wettability, suspensibility, and dispersibility, and the liquid compositions exhibit good viscosity and suspensibility, resulting in compositions that provide the possibility for the crop or plant to immediately utilize the active substances and help the crop obtain nutrition and protection during its growth stages. Furthermore, compositions in the form of water-disintegrating granules or spheronized granules also provide continuous and sustained release of the active substances throughout the life cycle of the crop, thus providing effective crop protection and nutrient solutions for the crop. Also, due to its ease of application, the compositions of the present invention are very economical for the end user.

[0193] From the foregoing, it will be confirmed that numerous modifications and variations can be implemented without departing from the exact spirit and scope of the novel concept of the present invention. It should be understood that the limitations regarding the specific embodiments illustrated are not intended and should not be inferred.

Claims

1. A pesticidal composition comprising: a) elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition; b) triflumizopyrim in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition; c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; and characterized by comprising the above.

2. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition contains particles in the size range of 0.1 to 50 microns.

3. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in solid, liquid or gel form.

4. The pesticidal composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the solid composition contains elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition and triflumizopyrim in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition.

5. The pesticidal composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the solid composition is in the form of a wettable powder, a granulated wettable powder, a water-dispersible granule, an extruded granule or a spheronized granule.

6. The pesticidal composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the granules are in the size range from 0.05 to 6 mm.

7. The pesticidal composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the liquid composition contains elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition and triflumizopyrim in the range of 0.1% w / w to 40% w / w of the total composition.

8. The pesticidal composition according to claim 3, wherein the liquid pesticidal composition is in the form of a liquid suspension or a suspension concentrate; a suspoemulsion, a flowable concentrate or a suspension concentrate (FS) for seed treatment.

9. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one active ingredient selected from biostimulants, fertilizers, pesticidal actives, plant growth regulators, algae, or mixtures thereof.

10. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipient is selected from surfactants, binders or adhesives, wetting agents, emulsifiers, fillers or carriers or diluents, coating agents, buffers or pH adjusters or neutralizing agents, anti-foaming agents or defoaming agents, penetrants, UV protectants, UV absorbers, UV light scatterers, stabilizers, pigments, colorants, structuring agents, chelating agents or complexing agents or sequestering agents, thickeners, suspending agents or suspending aids or anti-caking agents or anti-settling agents, viscosity adjusters or rheology modifiers, tackifiers, humectants, spreading agents, fixing agents, anti-freezing agents or freezing point depressants, solvents, preservatives or bactericides or fungicides or biocides or antimicrobials or antioxidants, polymers, monomers, cross-linking agents, permeability enhancers, protective colloids, or mixtures thereof.

11. The pesticidal composition according to claim 8, wherein the liquid composition has a viscosity of 10 cps to 3000 cps.

12. The pesticidal composition according to claim 8, wherein the liquid composition has an injectability of less than 5% residue.

13. The pesticidal composition according to claim 5, wherein the granular composition has a dispersibility of at least 50%.

14. A pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the suspension property of the composition is at least 50%.

15. A process for preparing a pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises elemental sulfur in the range of 25% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, triflumezopyrim in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

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